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van Osta JM, Dreis B, Grogan LF, Castley JG. Local resource availability drives habitat use by a threatened avian granivore in savanna woodlands. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306842. [PMID: 39110670 PMCID: PMC11305587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Conserving threatened species relies on an understanding of their habitat requirements. This is especially relevant for granivorous birds, whose habitat use and movement patterns are intricately linked to the spatial and temporal availability of resources such as food and water. In this study, we investigated the habitat use, home range and daily activity patterns of the Endangered Southern Black-throated Finch (SBTF; Poephila cincta cincta) within a 75,000 ha savanna woodland study area in northeastern Australia. This semi-arid region is one of the key remaining strongholds for the species and is characterised by substantially different habitat and climatic conditions than areas where previous research on this species has been undertaken. We radio tracked 142 SBTF using both manual tracking and an array of 27 automated radio towers, which revealed a strong preference for eucalypt-dominated grassy woodland communities. The preference for these habitats also increased with decreasing distance to permanent water. While SBTF occupied large home ranges, individual SBTF were largely sedentary during the radio tracking period (21.8, range = 0.83-120 days), with few landscape-scale movements of more than 4.5 km. Daily foraging activity of SBTF exhibited bimodal peaks in the early morning and late afternoon, while other activities were greatest from the late morning to the early afternoon. Compared to other estrildid finches, our research suggests that SBTF track resources at a local scale across a large home range. We postulate that in times of resource scarcity SBTF may use dietary diversification, instead of landscape or regional-scale nomadic movements, to meet their resource needs. The species' movement patterns underscore the importance of local scale habitat management to facilitate resource availability throughout the year. Furthermore, our research helps target monitoring designs for granivorous birds that focus on the species' diurnal activity patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. van Osta
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
- E2M Pty Ltd, Milton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brad Dreis
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
- E2M Pty Ltd, Milton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Laura F. Grogan
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - J. Guy Castley
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
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2
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Alzate A, Hagen O. Dispersal-diversity feedbacks and their consequences for macroecological patterns. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230131. [PMID: 38913062 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Dispersal is a key process in ecology and evolution. While the effects of dispersal on diversity are broadly acknowledged, our understanding of the influence of diversity on dispersal remains limited. This arises from the dynamic, context-dependent, nonlinear and ubiquitous nature of dispersal. Diversity outcomes, such as competition, mutualism, parasitism and trophic interactions can feed back on dispersal, thereby influencing biodiversity patterns at several spatio-temporal scales. Here, we shed light on the dispersal-diversity causal links by discussing how dispersal-diversity ecological and evolutionary feedbacks can impact macroecological patterns. We highlight the importance of dispersal-diversity feedbacks for advancing our understanding of macro-eco-evolutionary patterns and their challenges, such as establishing a unified framework for dispersal terminology and methodologies across various disciplines and scales. This article is part of the theme issue 'Diversity-dependence of dispersal: interspecific interactions determine spatial dynamics'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Alzate
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research , Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center , Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Oskar Hagen
- German Centre For Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig , Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Ecological Modelling, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ , Leipzig, Germany
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3
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Feigs JT, Huang S, Holzhauer SIJ, Brunet J, Diekmann M, Hedwall P, Kramp K, Naaf T. Bumblebees mediate landscape effects on a forest herb's population genetic structure in European agricultural landscapes. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e70078. [PMID: 39055773 PMCID: PMC11269766 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.70078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Spatially isolated plant populations in agricultural landscapes exhibit genetic responses not only to habitat fragmentation per se but also to the composition of the landscape matrix between habitat patches. These responses can only be understood by examining how the landscape matrix influences among-habitat movements of pollinators and seed vectors, which act as genetic linkers among populations. We studied the forest herb Polygonatum multiflorum and its associated pollinator and genetic linker, the bumblebee Bombus pascuorum, in three European agricultural landscapes. We aimed to identify which landscape features affect the movement activity of B. pascuorum between forest patches and to assess the relative importance of these features in explaining the forest herb's population genetic structure. We applied microsatellite markers to estimate the movement activity of the bumblebee as well as the population genetic structure of the forest herb. We modelled the movement activity as a function of various landscape metrics. Those metrics found to explain the movement activity best were then used to explain the population genetic structure of the forest herb. The bumblebee movement activity was affected by the cover of maize fields and semi-natural grasslands on a larger spatial scale and by landscape heterogeneity on a smaller spatial scale. For some measures of the forest herb's population genetic structure, that is, allelic richness, observed heterozygosity and the F-value, the combinations of landscape metrics, which explained the linker movement activity best, yielded lower AICc values than 95% of the models including all possible combinations of landscape metrics. Synthesis: The genetic linker, B. pascuorum, mediates landscape effects on the population genetic structure of the forest herb P. multiflorum. Our study indicates, that the movement of the genetic linker among forest patches, and thus the pollen driven gene flow of the herb, depends on the relative value of floral resources in the specific landscape setting. Noteworthy, the population genetic structure of the long-lived, clonal forest herb species correlated with recent land-use types such as maize, which have been existing for not more than a few decades within these landscapes. This underscores the short time in which land-use changes can influence the evolutionary potential of long-lived wild plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Till Feigs
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) e.VMünchebergGermany
| | - Siyu Huang
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) e.VMünchebergGermany
| | - Stephanie I. J. Holzhauer
- Thünen Institute of Biodiversity, Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute, Forestry and Fisheries, Federal Research Institute for Rural AreasBraunschweigGermany
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Southern Swedish Forest Research CentreSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesAlnarpSweden
| | - Martin Diekmann
- Vegetation Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Ecology, FB 2University of BremenBremenGermany
| | - Per‐Ola Hedwall
- Southern Swedish Forest Research CentreSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesAlnarpSweden
| | - Katja Kramp
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) e.VMünchebergGermany
| | - Tobias Naaf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF) e.VMünchebergGermany
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4
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Roseno RS, Pareja-Mejía D, Santos LSD, Diele-Viegas LM, Carilo Filho LM, Nascimento PR, Eidenberger GG, Solé M. Tracking the little ones: use of fluorescent powder to follow a leaf litter lizard (Coleodactylus meridionalis, Squamata: Sphaerodactylidae) in the Atlantic Forest of southern Bahia, Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2024; 96:e20230728. [PMID: 38922256 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202420230728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The ecology of movement is an expanding area, marked by the diversity of analytical methods and protocols, which enables this integrative reading. We investigated movement ecology aspects of Coleodactylus meridionalis in southern Bahia, northeastern Brazil, using fluorescent powder with mineral oil to track individuals. We monitored 69 individuals of C. meridionalis that walked an average distance of 148 cm in 2h. We identified this movement as foraging due to the orientation of the step sequence and microenvironments used. We find no significant differences between walking distance and weight. However, we found a decrease in activity over the follow-up period. Most of the lizard's movements were directed north, while south, east, and west were followed equally. The individuals stayed predominantly on the ground (leaf litter), but it was possible to observe the use of other surfaces, such as trunks and burrows on the ground. Therefore, we studied the movement in three dimensions (ground height, distance traveled, and orientation of steps). We observed the lizard's foraging, one of the most common and least investigated movements in small lizards like C. meridionalis. This involves not only the species' activity schedule but other intrinsic and extrinsic factors that shape the movement decisions of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaella S Roseno
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Salobrinho, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Herpetologia Tropical, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Salobrinho, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Laboratório de (Bio)diversidade no Antropoceno, Instituto de Biologia, Avenida Milton Santos, s/n, 40170-110 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Daniela Pareja-Mejía
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Salobrinho, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Herpetologia Tropical, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Salobrinho, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
- Stanford University, Department of Biology, 371 Jane Stanford Way, CA 94305, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Laisa S Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Salobrinho, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Herpetologia Tropical, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Salobrinho, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Luisa Maria Diele-Viegas
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Laboratório de (Bio)diversidade no Antropoceno, Instituto de Biologia, Avenida Milton Santos, s/n, 40170-110 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Leildo M Carilo Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Salobrinho, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Herpetologia Tropical, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Salobrinho, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Patrick R Nascimento
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Herpetologia Tropical, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Salobrinho, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Gerhard G Eidenberger
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Herpetologia Tropical, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Salobrinho, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Mirco Solé
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Herpetologia Tropical, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Salobrinho, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
- Museum Koenig Bonn, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Adenauerallee 127, 53113 Bonn, Germany
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5
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Cherif M, Brose U, Hirt MR, Ryser R, Silve V, Albert G, Arnott R, Berti E, Cirtwill A, Dyer A, Gauzens B, Gupta A, Ho HC, Portalier SMJ, Wain D, Wootton K. The environment to the rescue: can physics help predict predator-prey interactions? Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024. [PMID: 38855988 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the factors that determine the occurrence and strength of ecological interactions under specific abiotic and biotic conditions is fundamental since many aspects of ecological community stability and ecosystem functioning depend on patterns of interactions among species. Current approaches to mapping food webs are mostly based on traits, expert knowledge, experiments, and/or statistical inference. However, they do not offer clear mechanisms explaining how trophic interactions are affected by the interplay between organism characteristics and aspects of the physical environment, such as temperature, light intensity or viscosity. Hence, they cannot yet predict accurately how local food webs will respond to anthropogenic pressures, notably to climate change and species invasions. Herein, we propose a framework that synthesises recent developments in food-web theory, integrating body size and metabolism with the physical properties of ecosystems. We advocate for combination of the movement paradigm with a modular definition of the predation sequence, because movement is central to predator-prey interactions, and a generic, modular model is needed to describe all the possible variation in predator-prey interactions. Pending sufficient empirical and theoretical knowledge, our framework will help predict the food-web impacts of well-studied physical factors, such as temperature and oxygen availability, as well as less commonly considered variables such as wind, turbidity or electrical conductivity. An improved predictive capability will facilitate a better understanding of ecosystem responses to a changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Cherif
- Aquatic Ecosystems and Global Change Research Unit, National Research Institute for Agriculture Food and the Environment, 50 avenue de Verdun, Cestas Cedex, 33612, France
| | - Ulrich Brose
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Myriam R Hirt
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Remo Ryser
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Violette Silve
- Aquatic Ecosystems and Global Change Research Unit, National Research Institute for Agriculture Food and the Environment, 50 avenue de Verdun, Cestas Cedex, 33612, France
| | - Georg Albert
- Department of Forest Nature Conservation, Georg-August-Universität, Büsgenweg 3, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Russell Arnott
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Emilio Berti
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Alyssa Cirtwill
- Spatial Foodweb Ecology Group, Research Centre for Ecological Change (REC), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 4 (Yliopistonkatu 3), Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Alexander Dyer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Benoit Gauzens
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Straße 159, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - Anhubav Gupta
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Hsi-Cheng Ho
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Sébastien M J Portalier
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Ottawa, STEM Complex, room 342, 150 Louis-Pasteur Pvt, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Danielle Wain
- 7 Lakes Alliance, Belgrade Lakes, 137 Main St, Belgrade Lakes, ME, 04918, USA
| | - Kate Wootton
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
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Cansse T, Lens L, Sutton GJ, Botha JA, Arnould JPY. Foraging behaviour and habitat use during chick-rearing in the Australian endemic black-faced cormorant (Phalacrocorax fuscescens). Biol Open 2024; 13:bio060336. [PMID: 38752596 PMCID: PMC11128270 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite its wide distribution, relatively little is known of the foraging ecology and habitat use of the black-faced cormorant (Phalacrocorax fuscescens), an Australian endemic seabird. Such information is urgently required in view of the rapid oceanic warming of south-eastern Australia, the stronghold of the species. The present study used a combination of opportunistically collected regurgitates and GPS/dive behaviour data loggers to investigate diet, foraging behaviour and habitat-use of black-faced cormorants during four chick-rearing periods (2020-2023) on Notch Island, northern Bass Strait. Observed prey species were almost exclusively benthic (95%), which is consistent with the predominantly benthic diving behaviour recorded. Males foraged at deeper depths than females (median depth males: 18 m; median depth females: 8 m), presumably due to a greater physiological diving capacity derived from their larger body size. This difference in dive depths was associated with sexual segregation of foraging locations, with females predominantly frequenting shallower areas closer to the coastline. These findings have strong implications for the management of the species, as impacts of environmental change may disproportionally affect the foraging range of one sex and, thereby, reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Cansse
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood 3125, Australia
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Luc Lens
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Grace J. Sutton
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood 3125, Australia
| | - Jonathan A. Botha
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood 3125, Australia
| | - John P. Y. Arnould
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood 3125, Australia
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Lisovski S, Hoye BJ, Conklin JR, Battley PF, Fuller RA, Gosbell KB, Klaassen M, Benjamin Lee C, Murray NJ, Bauer S. Predicting resilience of migratory birds to environmental change. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2311146121. [PMID: 38648469 PMCID: PMC11087779 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2311146121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The pace and scale of environmental change represent major challenges to many organisms. Animals that move long distances, such as migratory birds, are especially vulnerable to change since they need chains of intact habitat along their migratory routes. Estimating the resilience of such species to environmental changes assists in targeting conservation efforts. We developed a migration modeling framework to predict past (1960s), present (2010s), and future (2060s) optimal migration strategies across five shorebird species (Scolopacidae) within the East Asian-Australasian Flyway, which has seen major habitat deterioration and loss over the last century, and compared these predictions to empirical tracks from the present. Our model captured the migration strategies of the five species and identified the changes in migrations needed to respond to habitat deterioration and climate change. Notably, the larger species, with single or few major stopover sites, need to establish new migration routes and strategies, while smaller species can buffer habitat loss by redistributing their stopover areas to novel or less-used sites. Comparing model predictions with empirical tracks also indicates that larger species with the stronger need for adaptations continue to migrate closer to the optimal routes of the past, before habitat deterioration accelerated. Our study not only quantifies the vulnerability of species in the face of global change but also explicitly reveals the extent of adaptations required to sustain their migrations. This modeling framework provides a tool for conservation planning that can accommodate the future needs of migratory species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeon Lisovski
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Section Polar Terrestrial Environmental Systems, Potsdam14473, Germany
| | - Bethany J. Hoye
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW2522, Australia
| | - Jesse R. Conklin
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen9700, The Netherlands
| | - Phil F. Battley
- Zoology and Ecology Group, Massey University, Palmerston North4442, New Zealand
| | - Richard A. Fuller
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD4072, Australia
| | - Ken B. Gosbell
- Victorian Wader Study Group, Blackburn, VIC3130, Australia
| | - Marcel Klaassen
- Victorian Wader Study Group, Blackburn, VIC3130, Australia
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, VIC3217, Australia
| | - Chengfa Benjamin Lee
- German Aerospace Center, The Remote Sensing Technology Institute, Berlin12489, Germany
- Department of Remote Sensing, EAGLE M. Sc. Program, University of Würzburg, Würzburg97074, Germany
| | - Nicholas J. Murray
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD4811, Australia
| | - Silke Bauer
- Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf8903, Switzerland
- Department of Bird Migration, Swiss Ornithological Institute, Sempach6204, Switzerland
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam1090 GE, The Netherlands
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich8902, Switzerland
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8
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Watazu T, Hiraiwa MK, Inoue M, Mishima H, Ushimaru A, Hosaka T. Dominance of non-wetland-dependent pollinators in a plant community in a small natural wetland in Shimane, Japan. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2024; 137:191-201. [PMID: 38206495 PMCID: PMC10899375 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-023-01518-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Many wetland plants rely on insects for pollination. However, studies examining pollinator communities in wetlands remain limited. Some studies conducted in large wetlands (> 10 ha) have suggested that wetland-dependent flies, which spend their larval stage in aquatic and semi-aquatic habitats, dominate as pollinators. However, smaller wetlands surrounded by secondary forests are more prevalent in Japan, in which pollinators from the surrounding environment might be important. Additionally, information regarding floral traits that attract specific pollinator groups in wetland communities is scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the characteristics of insect pollinators in a small natural wetland (2.5 ha) in Japan. We examined the major pollinator groups visiting 34 plant species and explored the relationship between the flower visitation frequency of each pollinator group and floral traits. Overall, flies were the most dominant pollinators (42%), followed by bees and wasps (33%). Cluster analysis indicated that fly-dominated plants were the most abundant among 14 of the 34 target plant species. However, 85% of the hoverflies, the most abundant flies, and 82% of the bees were non-wetland-dependent species, suggesting that these terrestrial species likely originated from the surrounding environment. Therefore, pollinators from the surrounding environment would be important in small natural wetlands. Flies tend to visit open and white/yellow flowers, whereas bees tended to visit tube-shaped flowers, as in forest and grassland ecosystems. The dominance of flies in small wetlands would be due to the dominance of flowers preferred by flies (e.g., yellow/white flowers) rather than because of their larval habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Watazu
- Development Technology Course, Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, 1-5-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, 739-8529, Japan
| | - Masayoshi K Hiraiwa
- Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
| | - Masahito Inoue
- The Shimane Nature Museum of Mt. Sanbe, 1121-8 Tane, Sanbe-cho, Ohda, Shimane, 694-0003, Japan
| | - Hideo Mishima
- The Shimane Nature Museum of Mt. Sanbe, 1121-8 Tane, Sanbe-cho, Ohda, Shimane, 694-0003, Japan
| | - Atushi Ushimaru
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada, Kobe, 657- 8501, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Hosaka
- Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-5-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 7398529, Japan.
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9
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Mirski P, Grosberg J, Kull T, Mellov P, Tõnisalu G, Väli V, Väli Ü. Movement of avian predators points to biodiversity hotspots in agricultural landscape. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:231543. [PMID: 38204791 PMCID: PMC10776223 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Global agricultural landscapes are witnessing a concerning decline in biodiversity, and this trend is predicted to persist. To safeguard these biodiversity-rich areas, it is crucial to pinpoint hotspots effectively. In doing so, we used various species of avian predators as suitable sentinel animals due to their mobility and dependence on prey diversity and abundance. Between 2019 and 2021, we tracked 62 individuals from four bird of prey species using GPS loggers in Estonian farmland. Dividing the study area into 50 m grids and overlaying them with tracked individuals' locations enabled us to differentiate between hotspots of their activity and control sites. We conducted surveys on amphibian, bird, small mammal and plant abundance and diversity to determine if avian predator activity hotspots correlated with overall biodiversity. Our findings revealed significantly higher diversity and abundance in the surveyed groups within activity hotspots compared to control sites. These hotspots continued to be frequently used by raptors in the subsequent year, albeit not two years later. In conclusion, multispecies GPS telemetry of avian predators emerges as an objective, dependable and spatially accurate biodiversity indicator. With the accumulation of movement data, we anticipate increased interest and adoption of this approach in biodiversity monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Mirski
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5D, Tartu 51006, Estonia
- Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, Białystok 15-245, Poland
| | - Jaan Grosberg
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5D, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Thea Kull
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5D, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Pelle Mellov
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5D, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Grete Tõnisalu
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5D, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Vivika Väli
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5D, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Ülo Väli
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5D, Tartu 51006, Estonia
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10
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Kiemel K, Weithoff G, Tiedemann R. DNA metabarcoding reveals impact of local recruitment, dispersal, and hydroperiod on assembly of a zooplankton metacommunity. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:6190-6209. [PMID: 35869804 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the environmental impact on the assembly of local communities in relation to their spatial and temporal connectivity is still a challenge in metacommunity ecology. This study aims to unravel underlying metacommunity processes and environmental factors that result in observed zooplankton communities. Unlike most metacommunity studies, we jointly examine active and dormant zooplankton communities using a DNA metabarcoding approach to overcome limitations of morphological species identification. We applied two-fragment (COI and 18S) metabarcoding to monitor communities of 24 kettle holes over a two-year period to unravel (i) spatial and temporal connectivity of the communities, (ii) environmental factors influencing local communities, and (iii) dominant underlying metacommunity processes in this system. We found a strong separation of zooplankton communities from kettle holes of different hydroperiods (degree of permanency) throughout the season, while the community composition within single kettle holes did not differ between years. Species richness was primarily dependent on pH and permanency, while species diversity (Shannon Index) was influenced by kettle hole location. Community composition was impacted by kettle hole size and surrounding field crops. Environmental processes dominated temporal and spatial processes. Sediment communities showed a different composition compared to water samples but did not differ between ephemeral and permanent kettle holes. Our results suggest that communities are mainly structured by environmental filtering based on pH, kettle hole size, surrounding field crops, and permanency. Environmental filtering based on specific conditions in individual kettle holes seems to be the dominant process in community assembly in the studied zooplankton metacommunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Kiemel
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Guntram Weithoff
- Unit of Ecology and Ecosystem Modelling, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ralph Tiedemann
- Unit of Evolutionary Biology/Systematic Zoology, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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11
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Terlau JF, Brose U, Boy T, Pawar S, Pinsky M, Hirt MR. Predicting movement speed of beetles from body size and temperature. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2023; 11:27. [PMID: 37194049 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-023-00389-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Movement facilitates and alters species interactions, the resulting food web structures, species distribution patterns, community structures and survival of populations and communities. In the light of global change, it is crucial to gain a general understanding of how movement depends on traits and environmental conditions. Although insects and notably Coleoptera represent the largest and a functionally important taxonomic group, we still know little about their general movement capacities and how they respond to warming. Here, we measured the exploratory speed of 125 individuals of eight carabid beetle species across different temperatures and body masses using automated image-based tracking. The resulting data revealed a power-law scaling relationship of average movement speed with body mass. By additionally fitting a thermal performance curve to the data, we accounted for the unimodal temperature response of movement speed. Thereby, we yielded a general allometric and thermodynamic equation to predict exploratory speed from temperature and body mass. This equation predicting temperature-dependent movement speed can be incorporated into modeling approaches to predict trophic interactions or spatial movement patterns. Overall, these findings will help improve our understanding of how temperature effects on movement cascade from small to large spatial scales as well as from individual to population fitness and survival across communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jördis F Terlau
- EcoNetLab, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Brose
- EcoNetLab, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Boy
- EcoNetLab, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Samraat Pawar
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, UK
| | - Malin Pinsky
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Myriam R Hirt
- EcoNetLab, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
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12
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Ketz AC, Storm DJ, Barker RE, Apa AD, Oliva‐Aviles C, Walsh DP. Assimilating ecological theory with empiricism: Using constrained generalized additive models to enhance survival analyses. Methods Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.14057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alison C. Ketz
- Wisconsin Cooperative Research Unit, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Daniel J. Storm
- Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Rhinelander Wisconsin USA
| | - Rachel E. Barker
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin USA
| | | | | | - Daniel P. Walsh
- U.S. Geological Survey Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit Missoula Montana USA
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13
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Moisan L, Gravel D, Legagneux P, Gauthier G, Léandri-Breton DJ, Somveille M, Therrien JF, Lamarre JF, Bêty J. Scaling migrations to communities: An empirical case of migration network in the Arctic. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1077260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Seasonal migrants transport energy, nutrients, contaminants, parasites and diseases, while also connecting distant food webs between communities and ecosystems, which contributes to structuring meta-communities and meta-ecosystems. However, we currently lack a framework to characterize the structure of the spatial connections maintained by all migratory species reproducing or wintering in a given community. Here, we use a network approach to represent and characterize migratory pathways at the community level and provide an empirical description of this pattern from a High-Arctic terrestrial community. We define community migration networks as multipartite networks representing different biogeographic regions connected with a focal community through the seasonal movements of its migratory species. We focus on the Bylot Island High-Arctic terrestrial community, a summer breeding ground for several migratory species. We define the non-breeding range of each species using tracking devices, or range maps refined by flyways and habitat types. We show that the migratory species breeding on Bylot Island are found across hundreds of ecoregions on several continents during the non-breeding period and present a low spatial overlap. The migratory species are divided into groups associated with different sets of ecoregions. The non-random structure observed in our empirical community migration network suggests evolutionary and geographic constraints as well as ecological factors act to shape migrations at the community level. Overall, our study provides a simple and generalizable framework as a starting point to better integrate migrations at the community level. Our framework is a far-reaching tool that could be adapted to address the seasonal transport of energy, contaminants, parasites and diseases in ecosystems, as well as trophic interactions in communities with migratory species.
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14
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Manning JC. Movement, Space Use, and the Responses of Coral Reef Fish to Climate Change. Integr Comp Biol 2022; 62:1725-1733. [PMID: 35883230 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change and other localized stressors have led to the widespread degradation of coral reefs, characterized by losses of live coral, reduced structural complexity, and shifts in benthic community composition. These changes have altered the composition of reef fish assemblages with important consequences for ecosystem function. Animal movement and space use are critically important to population dynamics, community assembly, and species coexistence. In this perspective, I discuss how studies of reef fish movement and space use could help us to elucidate the effects of climate change on reef fish assemblages and the functions they provide. In addition to describing how reef fish space use relates to resource abundance and the intrinsic characteristics of reef fish (e.g., body size), we should begin to take a mechanistic approach to understanding movement in reef fish and to investigate the role of movement in mediating species interactions on coral reefs. Technological advances in animal tracking and biotelemetry, as well as methodological advances in the analysis of movement, will aid in this endeavor. Baseline studies of reef fish movement and space use and their effect on community assembly and species coexistence will provide us with important information for predicting how climate change will influence reef fish assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Manning
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida State University, 319 Stadium Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4295, USA
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15
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Prakash H, Kumar RS, Lahkar B, Sukumar R, Vanak AT, Thaker M. Animal movement ecology in India: insights from 2011-2021 and prospective for the future. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14401. [PMID: 36530402 PMCID: PMC9756863 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of animal movement ecology has advanced by leaps and bounds in the past few decades with the advent of sophisticated technology, advanced analytical tools, and multiple frameworks and paradigms to address key ecological problems. Unlike the longer history and faster growth of the field in North America, Europe, and Africa, movement ecology in Asia has only recently been gaining momentum. Here, we provide a review of the field from studies based in India over the last 11 years (2011-2021) curated from the database, Scopus, and search engine, Google Scholar. We identify current directions in the research objectives, taxa studied, tracking technology and the biogeographic regions in which animals were tracked, considering the years since the last systematic review of movement ecology research in the country. As an indication of the growing interest in this field, there has been a rapid increase in the number of publications over the last decade. Class Mammalia continues to dominate the taxa tracked, with tiger and leopard being the most common species studied across publications. Invertebrates and other small and medium-sized animals, as well as aquatic animals, in comparison, are understudied and remain among the important target taxa for tracking in future studies. As in the previous three decades, researchers have focussed on characterising home ranges and habitat use of animals. There is, however, a notable shift to examine the movement decision of animals in human-modified landscapes, although efforts to use movement ecology to understand impacts of climate change remain missing. Given the biogeographic and taxonomic diversity of India, and the fact that the interface between anthropogenic activity and wildlife interactions is increasing, we suggest ways in which the field of movement ecology can be expanded to facilitate ecological insights and conservation efforts. With the advancement of affordable technologies and the availability of analytical tools, the potential to expand the field of movement ecology, shift research foci, and gain new insights is now prime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Prakash
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - R Suresh Kumar
- Department of Endangered Species Management, Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Raman Sukumar
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Abi T Vanak
- Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.,School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Maria Thaker
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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16
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Spaet JLY, Butcher PA, Manica A, Lam CH. Spatial Dynamics and Fine-Scale Vertical Behaviour of Immature Eastern Australasian White Sharks ( Carcharodon carcharias). BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121689. [PMID: 36552199 PMCID: PMC9774733 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of the 3-dimensional space use of large marine predators is central to our understanding of ecosystem dynamics and for the development of management recommendations. Horizontal movements of white sharks, Carcharodon carcharias, in eastern Australian and New Zealand waters have been relatively well studied, yet vertical habitat use is less well understood. We dual-tagged 27 immature white sharks with Pop-Up Satellite Archival Transmitting (PSAT) and acoustic tags in New South Wales coastal shelf waters. In addition, 19 of these individuals were also fitted with Smart Position or Temperature Transmitting (SPOT) tags. PSATs of 12 sharks provided useable data; four tags were recovered, providing highly detailed archival data recorded at 3-s intervals. Horizontal movements ranged from southern Queensland to southern Tasmania and New Zealand. Sharks made extensive use of the water column (0-632 m) and experienced a broad range of temperatures (7.8-28.9 °C). Archival records revealed pronounced diel-patterns in distinct fine-scale oscillatory behaviour, with sharks occupying relatively constant depths during the day and exhibiting pronounced yo-yo diving behaviour (vertical zig-zag swimming through the water column) during the night. Our findings provide valuable new insights into the 3-dimensional space use of Eastern Australasian (EA) white sharks and contribute to the growing body on the general ecology of immature white sharks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia L. Y. Spaet
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
- Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Paul A. Butcher
- Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia
- Fisheries NSW, NSW Department of Primary Industries, National Marine Science Centre, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia
| | - Andrea Manica
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Chi Hin Lam
- Large Pelagics Research Center, Gloucester, MA 01931, USA
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17
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On the mean path length invariance property for random walks of animals in open environment. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19800. [PMID: 36396773 PMCID: PMC9672306 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24361-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Random walks are common in nature and are at the basis of many different phenomena that span from neutrons and light scattering to the behaviour of animals. Despite the evident differences among all these phenomena, theory predicts that they all share a common fascinating feature known as Invariance Property (IP). In a nutshell, IP means that the mean length of the total path of a random walker inside a closed domain is fixed by the geometry and size of the medium. Such a property has been demonstrated to hold not only in optics, but recently also in the field of biology, by studying the movement of bacteria. However, the range of validity of such a universal property, strictly linked to the fulfilment of equilibrium conditions and to the statistical distributions of the steps of the random walkers, is not trivial and needs to be studied in different contexts, such as in the case of biological entities occupied in random foraging in an open environment. Hence, in this paper the IP in a virtual medium inside an open environment has been studied by using actual movements of animals recorded in nature. In particular, we analysed the behaviour of a grazer mollusc, the chiton Acanthopleura granulata. The results depart from those predicted by the IP when the dimension of the medium increases. Such findings are framed in both the condition of nonequilibrium of the walkers, which is typical of animals in nature, and the characteristics of actual animal movements.
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18
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On random walk models as a baseline for animal movement in three-dimensional space. Ecol Modell 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.110169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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19
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Giunta V, Hillen T, Lewis MA, Potts JR. Detecting minimum energy states and multi-stability in nonlocal advection-diffusion models for interacting species. J Math Biol 2022; 85:56. [PMID: 36264394 PMCID: PMC9585017 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-022-01824-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Deriving emergent patterns from models of biological processes is a core concern of mathematical biology. In the context of partial differential equations, these emergent patterns sometimes appear as local minimisers of a corresponding energy functional. Here we give methods for determining the qualitative structure of local minimum energy states of a broad class of multi-species nonlocal advection–diffusion models, recently proposed for modelling the spatial structure of ecosystems. We show that when each pair of species respond to one another in a symmetric fashion (i.e. via mutual avoidance or mutual attraction, with equal strength), the system admits an energy functional that decreases in time and is bounded below. This suggests that the system will eventually reach a local minimum energy steady state, rather than fluctuating in perpetuity. We leverage this energy functional to develop tools, including a novel application of computational algebraic geometry, for making conjectures about the number and qualitative structure of local minimum energy solutions. These conjectures give a guide as to where to look for numerical steady state solutions, which we verify through numerical analysis. Our technique shows that even with two species, multi-stability with up to four classes of local minimum energy states can emerge. The associated dynamics include spatial sorting via aggregation and repulsion both within and between species. The emerging spatial patterns include a mixture of territory-like segregation as well as narrow spike-type solutions. Overall, our study reveals a general picture of rich multi-stability in systems of moving and interacting species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Giunta
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - Thomas Hillen
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G1 Canada
| | - Mark A. Lewis
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G1 Canada
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics and Department of Biology, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 Station CSC, Victoria, BC Canada
| | - Jonathan R. Potts
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
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20
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Cooke SJ, Bergman JN, Twardek WM, Piczak ML, Casselberry GA, Lutek K, Dahlmo LS, Birnie-Gauvin K, Griffin LP, Brownscombe JW, Raby GD, Standen EM, Horodysky AZ, Johnsen S, Danylchuk AJ, Furey NB, Gallagher AJ, Lédée EJI, Midwood JD, Gutowsky LFG, Jacoby DMP, Matley JK, Lennox RJ. The movement ecology of fishes. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 101:756-779. [PMID: 35788929 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Movement of fishes in the aquatic realm is fundamental to their ecology and survival. Movement can be driven by a variety of biological, physiological and environmental factors occurring across all spatial and temporal scales. The intrinsic capacity of movement to impact fish individually (e.g., foraging) with potential knock-on effects throughout the ecosystem (e.g., food web dynamics) has garnered considerable interest in the field of movement ecology. The advancement of technology in recent decades, in combination with ever-growing threats to freshwater and marine systems, has further spurred empirical research and theoretical considerations. Given the rapid expansion within the field of movement ecology and its significant role in informing management and conservation efforts, a contemporary and multidisciplinary review about the various components influencing movement is outstanding. Using an established conceptual framework for movement ecology as a guide (i.e., Nathan et al., 2008: 19052), we synthesized the environmental and individual factors that affect the movement of fishes. Specifically, internal (e.g., energy acquisition, endocrinology, and homeostasis) and external (biotic and abiotic) environmental elements are discussed, as well as the different processes that influence individual-level (or population) decisions, such as navigation cues, motion capacity, propagation characteristics and group behaviours. In addition to environmental drivers and individual movement factors, we also explored how associated strategies help survival by optimizing physiological and other biological states. Next, we identified how movement ecology is increasingly being incorporated into management and conservation by highlighting the inherent benefits that spatio-temporal fish behaviour imbues into policy, regulatory, and remediation planning. Finally, we considered the future of movement ecology by evaluating ongoing technological innovations and both the challenges and opportunities that these advancements create for scientists and managers. As aquatic ecosystems continue to face alarming climate (and other human-driven) issues that impact animal movements, the comprehensive and multidisciplinary assessment of movement ecology will be instrumental in developing plans to guide research and promote sustainability measures for aquatic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and the Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jordanna N Bergman
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and the Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - William M Twardek
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and the Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Morgan L Piczak
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and the Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Grace A Casselberry
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Keegan Lutek
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lotte S Dahlmo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Laboratory for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kim Birnie-Gauvin
- Section for Freshwater Fisheries and Ecology, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Lucas P Griffin
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacob W Brownscombe
- Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graham D Raby
- Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily M Standen
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrij Z Horodysky
- Department of Marine and Environmental Science, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia, USA
| | - Sönke Johnsen
- Biology Department, Duke University, Durham, North Caroline, USA
| | - Andy J Danylchuk
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nathan B Furey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | | | - Elodie J I Lédée
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jon D Midwood
- Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lee F G Gutowsky
- Environmental & Life Sciences Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - David M P Jacoby
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Jordan K Matley
- Program in Aquatic Resources, St Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Robert J Lennox
- Laboratory for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Trondheim, Norway
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21
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Feigs JT, Holzhauer SIJ, Huang S, Brunet J, Diekmann M, Hedwall PO, Kramp K, Naaf T. Pollinator movement activity influences genetic diversity and differentiation of spatially isolated populations of clonal forest herbs. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.908258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In agricultural landscapes, forest herbs live in small, spatially isolated forest patches. For their long-term survival, their populations depend on animals as genetic linkers that provide pollen- or seed-mediated gene flow among different forest patches. However, whether insect pollinators serve as genetic linkers among spatially isolated forest herb populations in agricultural landscapes remains to be shown. Here, we used population genetic methods to analyze: (A) the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of populations of two common, slow-colonizing temperate forest herb species [Polygonatum multiflorum (L.) All. and Anemone nemorosa L.] in spatially isolated populations within three agricultural landscapes in Germany and Sweden and (B) the movement activity of their most relevant associated pollinator species, i.e., the bumblebee Bombus pascuorum (Scopoli, 1,763) and the hoverfly Melanostoma scalare (Fabricus, 1,794), respectively, which differ in their mobility. We tested whether the indicated pollinator movement activity affected the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of the forest herb populations. Bumblebee movement indicators that solely indicated movement activity between the forest patches affected both genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of the associated forest herb P. multiflorum in a way that can be explained by pollen-mediated gene flow among the forest herb populations. In contrast, movement indicators reflecting the total movement activity at a forest patch (including within-forest patch movement activity) showed unexpected effects for both plant-pollinator pairs that might be explained by accelerated genetic drift due to enhanced sexual reproduction. Our integrated approach revealed that bumblebees serve as genetic linkers of associated forest herb populations, even if they are more than 2 km apart from each other. No such evidence was found for the forest associated hoverfly species which showed significant genetic differentiation among forest patches itself. Our approach also indicated that a higher within-forest patch movement activity of both pollinator species might enhance sexual recruitment and thus diminishes the temporal buffer that clonal growth provides against habitat fragmentation effects.
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22
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Pathwalker: A New Individual-Based Movement Model for Conservation Science and Connectivity Modelling. ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/ijgi11060329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding organism movement is at the heart of many ecological disciplines. The study of landscape connectivity—the extent to which a landscape facilitates organism movement—has grown to become a central focus of spatial ecology and conservation science. Several computational algorithms have been developed to model connectivity; however, the major models in use today are limited by their lack of flexibility and simplistic assumptions of movement behaviour. In this paper, we introduce a new spatially-explicit, individual- and process-based model called Pathwalker, which simulates organism movement and connectivity through heterogeneous landscapes as a function of landscape resistance, the energetic cost of movement, mortality risk, autocorrelation, and directional bias towards a destination, all at multiple spatial scales. We describe the model’s structure and parameters and present statistical evaluations to demonstrate the influence of these parameters on the resulting movement patterns. Written in Python 3, Pathwalker works for any version of Python 3 and is freely available to download online. Pathwalker models movement and connectivity with greater flexibility compared with the dominant connectivity algorithms currently available in conservation science, thereby, enabling more detailed predictions for conservation practice and management. Moreover, Pathwalker provides a highly capable simulation framework for exploring theoretical and methodological questions that cannot be addressed with empirical data alone.
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23
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Schüttler E, Saavedra-Aracena L, Jiménez JE. Spatial and temporal plasticity in free-ranging dogs in sub-Antarctic Chile. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2022.105610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Beausoleil M, Camacho C, Rabadán‐González J, Lalla K, Richard R, Carrion‐Avilés P, Hendry AP, Barrett RDH. Where did the finch go? Insights from radio telemetry of the medium ground finch ( Geospiza fortis). Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8768. [PMID: 35494501 PMCID: PMC9039628 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Movement patterns and habitat selection of animals have important implications for ecology and evolution. Darwin's finches are a classic model system for ecological and evolutionary studies, yet their spatial ecology remains poorly studied. We tagged and radio-tracked five (three females, two males) medium ground finches (Geospiza fortis) to examine the feasibility of telemetry for understanding their movement and habitat use. Based on 143 locations collected during a 3-week period, we analyzed for the first time home-range size and habitat selection patterns of finches at El Garrapatero, an arid coastal ecosystem on Santa Cruz Island (Galápagos). The average 95% home range and 50% core area for G. fortis in the breeding season was 20.54 ha ± 4.04 ha SE and 4.03 ha ± 1.11 ha SE, respectively. For most of the finches, their home range covered a diverse set of habitats. Three finches positively selected the dry-forest habitat, while the other habitats seemed to be either negatively selected or simply neglected by the finches. In addition, we noted a communal roosting behavior in an area close to the ocean, where the vegetation is greener and denser than the more inland dry-forest vegetation. We show that telemetry on Darwin's finches provides valuable data to understand the movement ecology of the species. Based on our results, we propose a series of questions about the ecology and evolution of Darwin's finches that can be addressed using telemetry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Camacho
- Department of Biological Conservation and Ecosystem RestorationInstituto Pirenaico de Ecología—CSICJacaSpain
- Department of BiologyCentre for Animal Movement Research (CAnMove)Lund UniversityLundSweden
| | | | - Kristen Lalla
- Department of Natural Resource SciencesMcGill UniversitySainte‐Anne‐de‐BellevueQCCanada
| | - Roxanne Richard
- Redpath Museum and Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
| | | | - Andrew P. Hendry
- Redpath Museum and Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontréalQCCanada
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Long-distance, synchronized and directional fall movements suggest migration in Arctic hares on Ellesmere Island (Canada). Sci Rep 2022; 12:5003. [PMID: 35322061 PMCID: PMC8943133 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal migration contributes largely to the seasonal dynamics of High Arctic ecosystems, linking distant habitats and impacting ecosystem structure and function. In polar deserts, Arctic hares are abundant herbivores and important components of food webs. Their annual migrations have long been suspected, but never confirmed. We tracked 25 individuals with Argos satellite telemetry to investigate the existence of migration in a population living at Alert (Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada). During fall, 21 hares undertook directional, long-distance movements in a southwestern direction towards Lake Hazen. Daily movement rates averaged 1.3 ± 0.5 km, 4.3 ± 1.6 km, and 1.7 ± 0.9 km before, during, and after relocation, respectively. Straight-line and minimum cumulative distances traveled averaged 98 ± 18 km (range: 72-148 km) and 198 ± 62 km (range: 113-388 km), respectively. This is the first report of large-scale seasonal movements in Arctic hares and, surprisingly, in any lagomorph species. These movements may be part of an annual migratory pattern. Our results redefine our understanding of the spatial ecology of Arctic hares, demonstrate unsuspected mobility capacities in lagomorphs, and open new perspectives regarding the ecological dynamics of the northern polar deserts.
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Northrup JM, Vander Wal E, Bonar M, Fieberg J, Laforge MP, Leclerc M, Prokopenko CM, Gerber BD. Conceptual and methodological advances in habitat-selection modeling: guidelines for ecology and evolution. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e02470. [PMID: 34626518 PMCID: PMC9285351 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Habitat selection is a fundamental animal behavior that shapes a wide range of ecological processes, including animal movement, nutrient transfer, trophic dynamics and population distribution. Although habitat selection has been a focus of ecological studies for decades, technological, conceptual and methodological advances over the last 20 yr have led to a surge in studies addressing this process. Despite the substantial literature focused on quantifying the habitat-selection patterns of animals, there is a marked lack of guidance on best analytical practices. The conceptual foundations of the most commonly applied modeling frameworks can be confusing even to those well versed in their application. Furthermore, there has yet to be a synthesis of the advances made over the last 20 yr. Therefore, there is a need for both synthesis of the current state of knowledge on habitat selection, and guidance for those seeking to study this process. Here, we provide an approachable overview and synthesis of the literature on habitat-selection analyses (HSAs) conducted using selection functions, which are by far the most applied modeling framework for understanding the habitat-selection process. This review is purposefully non-technical and focused on understanding without heavy mathematical and statistical notation, which can confuse many practitioners. We offer an overview and history of HSAs, describing the tortuous conceptual path to our current understanding. Through this overview, we also aim to address the areas of greatest confusion in the literature. We synthesize the literature outlining the most exciting conceptual advances in the field of habitat-selection modeling, discussing the substantial ecological and evolutionary inference that can be made using contemporary techniques. We aim for this paper to provide clarity for those navigating the complex literature on HSAs while acting as a reference and best practices guide for practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Northrup
- Wildlife Research and Monitoring Section, Ontario Ministry of Northern Development, Mines, Natural Resources and Forestry, Peterborough, Ontario, K9L 1Z8, Canada
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, K9L 1Z8, Canada
| | - Eric Vander Wal
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Maegwin Bonar
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, K9L 1Z8, Canada
| | - John Fieberg
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michel P Laforge
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Martin Leclerc
- Département de Biologie, Caribou Ungava and Centre d'études nordiques, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Christina M Prokopenko
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Brian D Gerber
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
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Triseleva TA, Petrosyan VG, Yatsuk AA, Safonkin AF. The role of plants in the formation of species-specific features in grass flies (Diptera, Chloropidae, Meromyza). Biodivers Data J 2021; 9:e78017. [PMID: 35002370 PMCID: PMC8732877 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.9.e78017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current manuscript, we present the results of comparative analysis of seven species of Meromyza flies in the "variegata" cluster and of the evolutionary close species M.inornata, based the following criteria: 1) 14 external key features; 2) shape and area of the anterior processes of postgonites; 3) mtDNA CO1 region and 4) host plant diversity data. We could demonstrate the primary role of host plants in species formation inside genus Meromyza and calculated the timing of the divergence of M.inornata and the species of "variegata" cluster. Based on our estimates of evolution rate for mtDNA CO1 gene, we could conclude that that divergence of herbs happened before the speciation of grass flies Meromyza. Meromyza species, close to the ancestral species of the cluster, are adapted to the wide range of host plants. We revealed the most informative variables h1, S and Plant analysing data with the following statistical methods: linear discriminant analysis - LDA, regularised discriminant analysis - RDA, flexible discriminant analysis - FDA and probabilistic neural network - PNN. The highest classification accuracy was achieved using PNN (99%) and the lowest when using LDA (95.8%). When the Plant trait was excluded, the classification accuracy decreased by 14%. We revealed the significant trends in size change of the anterior process of the postgonite amongst studies species. This morphological structure is an element of male reproductive apparatus critical for the restriction of interspecies mating. We determined three branches of speciation in the "variegata" cluster and five trends in the evolution of this cluster, based on the external morphological features. We showed that M.variegata and especially M.mosquensis, the species closest to the ancestral haplotype, have the largest number of features typical of those of M.inornata. Based on the external features and the area of the anterior process of the postgonite, we reconstructed the phylogenetic position of M.elbergi in the cluster. In accordance with the obtained outcomes, we could conclude that the distribution, species diversity and the adaptation of the grass flies to narrow oligophagy were directly connected to host plant diversity. The adaptation to different host plants could be the main factor in divergence of grass flies and their evolution started later than the diversification in the Pooideae subfamily of grasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A. Triseleva
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Moscow, RussiaA.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and EvolutionMoscowRussia
| | - Varos G. Petrosyan
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Moscow, RussiaA.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and EvolutionMoscowRussia
| | - Aleksandra A. Yatsuk
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Moscow, RussiaA.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and EvolutionMoscowRussia
| | - Andrey F. Safonkin
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Moscow, RussiaA.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and EvolutionMoscowRussia
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Swift RJ, Anteau MJ, Ellis KS, Ring MM, Sherfy MH, Toy DL. Dispersal distance is driven by habitat availability and reproductive success in Northern Great Plains piping plovers. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2021; 9:59. [PMID: 34895328 PMCID: PMC8665630 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-021-00293-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dispersal is a critical life history strategy that has important conservation implications, particularly for at-risk species with active recovery efforts and migratory species. Both natal and breeding dispersal are driven by numerous selection pressures, including conspecific competition, individual characteristics, reproductive success, and spatiotemporal variation in habitat. Most studies focus on dispersal probabilities, but the distance traveled can affect survival, fitness, and even metapopulation dynamics. METHODS We examined sources of variation in dispersal distances with 275 natal dispersal and 1335 interannual breeding events for piping plovers (Charadrius melodus) breeding in the Northern Great Plains between 2014 and 2019. RESULTS Natal dispersal was on average longer (mean: 81.0 km, median: 53 km) than adult breeding movements (mean: 23.7 km, median: 1 km). Individuals moved the shortest distances when hatched, previously nested, or settling on river habitats. When more habitat was available on their natal area than in the year prior, hatch-year birds moved shorter distances to their first breeding location. Similarly, adults also moved shorter distances when more habitat was available at the settling site and when in closer proximity to other known nesting areas. Additionally, adult movement distance was shorter when successfully hatching a nest the year prior, retaining a mate, or initiating a current nest earlier. CONCLUSION Habitat availability appears to be associated with dispersal distance for both hatch-year and adult piping plovers. Conservation efforts that integrate dispersal distances may benefit from maintaining nesting habitat within close proximity to other areas for adults and a network of clustered sites spread out across a larger landscape for natal dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose J Swift
- U.S. Geological Survey - Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND, 58401, USA.
| | - Michael J Anteau
- U.S. Geological Survey - Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND, 58401, USA
| | - Kristen S Ellis
- U.S. Geological Survey - Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND, 58401, USA
| | - Megan M Ring
- U.S. Geological Survey - Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND, 58401, USA
| | - Mark H Sherfy
- U.S. Geological Survey - Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND, 58401, USA
| | - Dustin L Toy
- U.S. Geological Survey - Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, 8711 37th St SE, Jamestown, ND, 58401, USA
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Abstract
Connectivity conservation analysis is based on a wide range of approaches designed to pinpoint key ecological corridors in order to maintain multispecies flows. However, the lack of validation procedures with accessible data prevents one from evaluating the accuracy of ecological corridor locations. We propose a new validation procedure to evaluate the accuracy of ecological corridor locations in landscape connectivity approaches. The ability of the procedure to properly rank the accuracy of different landscape connectivity approaches was illustrated in a study case. Maxent model and circuit theory were used to locate ecological corridors for forest bird species, following three approaches based on land cover, umbrella species and multispecies presence data. The validation procedure was used to compare the three approaches. Our validation procedure ranked the three approaches as expected, considering that accuracy in locating ecological corridors is related to the biological realism of calibration data. The corridors modelled were more accurate with species presence data (umbrella and multispecies approaches) compared to land cover proxy (habitat-based approach). These results confirm the quality of the validation procedure. Our validation procedure can be used to: (1) evaluate the accuracy of the location of ecological corridors; (2) select the best approach to locate ecological corridors, and (3) validate the underlying assumptions of landscape connectivity approaches (e.g., dispersal and matrix resistance values).
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Stiegler J, Kiemel K, Eccard J, Fischer C, Hering R, Ortmann S, Strigl L, Tiedemann R, Ullmann W, Blaum N. Seed traits matter-Endozoochoric dispersal through a pervasive mobile linker. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:18477-18491. [PMID: 35003686 PMCID: PMC8717309 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many plants are dispersed by wind and seeds can travel long distances across unsuitable matrix areas, a large proportion relies on co-evolved zoochorous seed dispersal to connect populations in isolated habitat islands. Particularly in agricultural landscapes, where remaining habitat patches are often very small and highly isolated, mobile linkers as zoochorous seed dispersers are critical for the population dynamics of numerous plant species. However, knowledge about the quali- or quantification of such mobile link processes, especially in agricultural landscapes, is still limited. In a controlled feeding experiment, we recorded the seed intake and germination success after complete digestion by the European brown hare (Lepus europaeus) and explored its mobile link potential as an endozoochoric seed disperser. Utilizing a suite of common, rare, and potentially invasive plant species, we disentangled the effects of seed morphological traits on germination success while controlling for phylogenetic relatedness. Further, we measured the landscape connectivity via hares in two contrasting agricultural landscapes (simple: few natural and semi-natural structures, large fields; complex: high amount of natural and semi-natural structures, small fields) using GPS-based movement data. With 34,710 seeds of 44 plant species fed, one of 200 seeds (0.51%) with seedlings of 33 species germinated from feces. Germination after complete digestion was positively related to denser seeds with comparatively small surface area and a relatively slender and elongated shape, suggesting that, for hares, the most critical seed characteristics for successful endozoochorous seed dispersal minimize exposure of the seed to the stomach and the associated digestive system. Furthermore, we could show that a hare's retention time is long enough to interconnect different habitats, especially grasslands and fields. Thus, besides other seed dispersal mechanisms, this most likely allows hares to act as effective mobile linkers contributing to ecosystem stability in times of agricultural intensification, not only in complex but also in simple landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Stiegler
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Ecology and Nature ConservationUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
| | - Katrin Kiemel
- Institute of Biochemistry and BiologyEvolutionary Biology / Systematic ZoologyUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
| | - Jana Eccard
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Animal EcologyUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
| | - Christina Fischer
- Department of Agriculture, Ecotrophology, and Landscape DevelopmentFaunistics and Wildlife ConservationAnhalt University of Applied SciencesBernburgGermany
| | - Robert Hering
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Ecology and Nature ConservationUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
| | - Sylvia Ortmann
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW)BerlinGermany
| | - Lea Strigl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Ecology and Nature ConservationUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
| | - Ralph Tiedemann
- Institute of Biochemistry and BiologyEvolutionary Biology / Systematic ZoologyUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
| | - Wiebke Ullmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Ecology and Nature ConservationUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
| | - Niels Blaum
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Ecology and Nature ConservationUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
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Langley LP, Bearhop S, Burton NHK, Banks AN, Frayling T, Thaxter CB, Clewley GD, Scragg E, Votier SC. GPS tracking reveals landfill closures induce higher foraging effort and habitat switching in gulls. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2021; 9:56. [PMID: 34772460 PMCID: PMC8588598 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-021-00278-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Landfills are a major subsidy for some animals, with implications for their life history and demography. Gulls feed extensively on food from landfills and closures are expected to have ecological consequences, but how this influences movement ecology is virtually unknown. METHODS We used GPS-tracking to quantify foraging behaviour and habitat choice of lesser black-backed gulls (Larus fuscus) breeding at two colonies before and after closure of two nearby landfills. RESULTS Following closure, gulls from both colonies travelled further and for longer to forage. Gulls also changed habitat selection, although this differed by colony - birds from one colony shifted to agricultural habitats, while at the other, increased their use of urban areas. These behavioural responses had no effect on adult body condition but hint at potential direct effects of higher foraging costs and indirect impacts by shifting to new habitats. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate how landfill availability influences gull foraging movements and habitat selection. We also emphasize the value of biologging to detect rapid behavioural responses in contrast to more conventional demographic approaches, which is especially important for animals that spend the majority of their lives away from direct observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam P Langley
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, TR10 9EZ, UK.
| | - Stuart Bearhop
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, TR10 9EZ, UK
| | - Niall H K Burton
- British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, IP24 2PU, UK
| | - Alex N Banks
- Natural England, Sterling House, Exeter, EX1 1QA, UK
| | - Tim Frayling
- Natural England, Sterling House, Exeter, EX1 1QA, UK
| | - Chris B Thaxter
- British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, IP24 2PU, UK
| | - Gary D Clewley
- British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, IP24 2PU, UK
| | - Emily Scragg
- British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, IP24 2PU, UK
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Berti E, Davoli M, Buitenwerf R, Dyer A, Hansen OLP, Hirt M, Svenning J, Terlau JF, Brose U, Vollrath F. The
r
package
enerscape
: A general energy landscape framework for terrestrial movement ecology. Methods Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Berti
- EcoNetLab German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena Jena Germany
| | - Marco Davoli
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE) Department of Biology Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
- Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity Department of Biology Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Robert Buitenwerf
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE) Department of Biology Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
- Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity Department of Biology Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Alexander Dyer
- EcoNetLab German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena Jena Germany
| | - Oskar L. P. Hansen
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE) Department of Biology Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Myriam Hirt
- EcoNetLab German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena Jena Germany
| | - Jens‐Christian Svenning
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE) Department of Biology Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
- Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity Department of Biology Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Jördis F. Terlau
- EcoNetLab German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena Jena Germany
| | - Ulrich Brose
- EcoNetLab German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity Friedrich‐Schiller‐University Jena Jena Germany
| | - Fritz Vollrath
- Department of Zoology University of Oxford Oxford UK
- Save the Elephants Nairobi Kenya
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Perry KI, Sivakoff FS, Wallin KF, Wenzel JW, Herms DA. Forest disturbance and arthropods: small‐scale canopy and understory disturbances alter movement of mobile arthropods. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kayla I. Perry
- Department of Entomology The Ohio State University 1680 Madison Avenue Wooster Ohio 44691 USA
| | - Frances S. Sivakoff
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology The Ohio State University 1465 Mount Vernon Avenue Marion Ohio 43302 USA
| | - Kimberly F. Wallin
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources University of Vermont Aiken Center Burlington Vermont 05405 USA
- USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station Aiken Burlington Vermont 05405 USA
| | - John W. Wenzel
- Powdermill Nature Reserve Carnegie Museum of Natural History 1795 Route 381 Rector Pennsylvania 15677 USA
| | - Daniel A. Herms
- Department of Entomology The Ohio State University 1680 Madison Avenue Wooster Ohio 44691 USA
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Schmidt A, Hines J, Türke M, Buscot F, Schädler M, Weigelt A, Gebler A, Klotz S, Liu T, Reth S, Trogisch S, Roy J, Wirth C, Eisenhauer N. The iDiv Ecotron-A flexible research platform for multitrophic biodiversity research. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:15174-15190. [PMID: 34765169 PMCID: PMC8571575 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Across the globe, ecological communities are confronted with multiple global environmental change drivers, and they are responding in complex ways ranging from behavioral, physiological, and morphological changes within populations to changes in community composition and food web structure with consequences for ecosystem functioning. A better understanding of global change-induced alterations of multitrophic biodiversity and the ecosystem-level responses in terrestrial ecosystems requires holistic and integrative experimental approaches to manipulate and study complex communities and processes above and below the ground. We argue that mesocosm experiments fill a critical gap in this context, especially when based on ecological theory and coupled with microcosm experiments, field experiments, and observational studies of macroecological patterns. We describe the design and specifications of a novel terrestrial mesocosm facility, the iDiv Ecotron. It was developed to allow the setup and maintenance of complex communities and the manipulation of several abiotic factors in a near-natural way, while simultaneously measuring multiple ecosystem functions. To demonstrate the capabilities of the facility, we provide a case study. This study shows that changes in aboveground multitrophic interactions caused by decreased predator densities can have cascading effects on the composition of belowground communities. The iDiv Ecotrons technical features, which allow for the assembly of an endless spectrum of ecosystem components, create the opportunity for collaboration among researchers with an equally broad spectrum of expertise. In the last part, we outline some of such components that will be implemented in future ecological experiments to be realized in the iDiv Ecotron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Schmidt
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZHalle (Saale)Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Leipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Jes Hines
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Leipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Manfred Türke
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Leipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - François Buscot
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZHalle (Saale)Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Martin Schädler
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZHalle (Saale)Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Alexandra Weigelt
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Leipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Alban Gebler
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Leipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Stefan Klotz
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded EcosystemsSouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Sascha Reth
- Umwelt‐Geräte‐Technik GmbH – UGTMünchebergGermany
| | - Stefan Trogisch
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Martin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Jacques Roy
- French National Centre for Scientific Research – CNRSParisFrance
| | - Christian Wirth
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Leipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Leipzig UniversityLeipzigGermany
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Li Y, Li M, Xing T, Liu J. Resolving the origins of invertebrate colonists in the Yangtze River Estuary with molecular markers: Implications for ecological connectivity. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:13898-13911. [PMID: 34707826 PMCID: PMC8525129 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding connectivity over different spatial and temporal scales is fundamental for managing of ecological systems. However, controversy exists for wintertime ecological connectivity between the Yangtze River Estuary (YRE) and inner southwestern Yellow Sea. Here, we investigated ecological connectivity between the YRE and inner southwestern Yellow Sea in wintertime by precisely pinpointing the source of the newly colonized populations of a winter-spawning rocky intertidal invertebrate, Littorina brevicula (Philippi, 1844), on artificial structures along the coast of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) using mitochondrial ND6 sequences and microsatellite data. Clear phylogeographic and genetic differentiation were detected between natural rocky populations south and north of the YRE, which resulted from the lack of hard substrate for rocky invertebrates in the large YRD coast. For the newly colonized populations on the coast of YRD, most individuals (98%) to the south of ~33.5°N were from natural rocky populations to the south of the YRE and most of those (94%) to the north of ~33.5°N were from the northern natural rocky populations, which demonstrated strong ecological connectivity between the inner southwestern Yellow Sea and the YRE in winter time. We presented the first genetic evidence that demonstrated a northward wintertime coastal current in the inner southwestern Yellow Sea, and precisely illustrated the boundary of the coastal current recently proposed by numerical experiment. These results indicated that the YRE serves as an important source of materials and energy for the inner southwestern Yellow Sea in winter, which can be crucial for the function of the Yellow Sea ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Qiang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental SciencesInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Meng‐Yu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental SciencesInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Teng‐Fei Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental SciencesInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jin‐Xian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental SciencesInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental ScienceQingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdaoChina
- Center for Ocean Mega‐ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
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Urbano F, Cagnacci F. Data Management and Sharing for Collaborative Science: Lessons Learnt From the Euromammals Initiative. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.727023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current and future consequences of anthropogenic impacts such as climate change and habitat loss on ecosystems will be better understood and therefore addressed if diverse ecological data from multiple environmental contexts are more effectively shared. Re-use requires that data are readily available to the scientific scrutiny of the research community. A number of repositories to store shared data have emerged in different ecological domains and developments are underway to define common data and metadata standards. Nevertheless, the goal is far from being achieved and many challenges still need to be addressed. The definition of best practices for data sharing and re-use can benefit from the experience accumulated by pilot collaborative projects. The Euromammals bottom-up initiative has pioneered collaborative science in spatial animal ecology since 2007. It involves more than 150 institutes to address scientific, management and conservation questions regarding terrestrial mammal species in Europe using data stored in a shared database. In this manuscript we present some key lessons that we have learnt from the process of making shared data and knowledge accessible to researchers and we stress the importance of data management for data quality assurance. We suggest putting in place a pro-active data review before data are made available in shared repositories via robust technical support and users’ training in data management and standards. We recommend pursuing the definition of common data collection protocols, data and metadata standards, and shared vocabularies with direct involvement of the community to boost their implementation. We stress the importance of knowledge sharing, in addition to data sharing. We show the crucial relevance of collaborative networking with pro-active involvement of data providers in all stages of the scientific process. Our main message is that for data-sharing collaborative efforts to obtain substantial and durable scientific returns, the goals should not only consist in the creation of e-infrastructures and software tools but primarily in the establishment of a network and community trust. This requires moderate investment, but over long-term horizons.
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Rheault H, Anderson CR, Bonar M, Marrotte RR, Ross TR, Wittemyer G, Northrup JM. Some Memories Never Fade: Inferring Multi-Scale Memory Effects on Habitat Selection of a Migratory Ungulate Using Step-Selection Functions. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.702818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how animals use information about their environment to make movement decisions underpins our ability to explain drivers of and predict animal movement. Memory is the cognitive process that allows species to store information about experienced landscapes, however, remains an understudied topic in movement ecology. By studying how species select for familiar locations, visited recently and in the past, we can gain insight to how they store and use local information in multiple memory types. In this study, we analyzed the movements of a migratory mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) population in the Piceance Basin of Colorado, United States to investigate the influence of spatial experience over different time scales on seasonal range habitat selection. We inferred the influence of short and long-term memory from the contribution to habitat selection of previous space use within the same season and during the prior year, respectively. We fit step-selection functions to GPS collar data from 32 female deer and tested the predictive ability of covariates representing current environmental conditions and both metrics of previous space use on habitat selection, inferring the latter as the influence of memory within and between seasons (summer vs. winter). Across individuals, models incorporating covariates representing both recent and past experience and environmental covariates performed best. In the top model, locations that had been previously visited within the same season and locations from previous seasons were more strongly selected relative to environmental covariates, which we interpret as evidence for the strong influence of both short- and long-term memory in driving seasonal range habitat selection. Further, the influence of previous space uses was stronger in the summer relative to winter, which is when deer in this population demonstrated strongest philopatry to their range. Our results suggest that mule deer update their seasonal range cognitive map in real time and retain long-term information about seasonal ranges, which supports the existing theory that memory is a mechanism leading to emergent space-use patterns such as site fidelity. Lastly, these findings provide novel insight into how species store and use information over different time scales.
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Jacob S, Legrand D. Phenotypic plasticity can reverse the relative extent of intra- and interspecific variability across a thermal gradient. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20210428. [PMID: 34187192 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.0428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Intra- and interspecific variability can both ensure ecosystem functions. Generalizing the effects of individual and species assemblages requires understanding how much within and between species trait variation is genetically based or results from phenotypic plasticity. Phenotypic plasticity can indeed lead to rapid and important changes of trait distributions, and in turn community functionality, depending on environmental conditions, which raises a crucial question: could phenotypic plasticity modify the relative importance of intra- and interspecific variability along environmental gradients? We quantified the fundamental niche of five genotypes in monocultures for each of five ciliate species along a wide thermal gradient in standardized conditions to assess the importance of phenotypic plasticity for the level of intraspecific variability compared to differences between species. We showed that phenotypic plasticity strongly influences trait variability and reverses the relative extent of intra- and interspecific variability along the thermal gradient. Our results show that phenotypic plasticity may lead to either increase or decrease of functional trait variability along environmental gradients, making intra- and interspecific variability highly dynamic components of ecological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Staffan Jacob
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale du CNRS UAR5321, 2 route du CNRS, 09200, Moulis, France
| | - Delphine Legrand
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale du CNRS UAR5321, 2 route du CNRS, 09200, Moulis, France
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Parmentier T, Claus R, De Laender F, Bonte D. Moving apart together: co-movement of a symbiont community and their ant host, and its importance for community assembly. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2021; 9:25. [PMID: 34020716 PMCID: PMC8140472 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-021-00259-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Species interactions may affect spatial dynamics when the movement of one species is determined by the presence of another one. The most direct species-dependence of dispersal is vectored, usually cross-kingdom, movement of immobile parasites, diseases or seeds by mobile animals. Joint movements of species should, however, not be vectored by definition, as even mobile species are predicted to move together when they are tightly connected in symbiont communities. METHODS We studied concerted movements in a diverse and heterogeneous community of arthropods (myrmecophiles) associated with red wood ants. We questioned whether joint-movement strategies eventually determine and speed-up community succession. RESULTS We recorded an astonishingly high number of obligate myrmecophiles outside red wood ant nests. They preferentially co-moved with the host ants as the highest densities were found in locations with the highest density of foraging red wood ants, such as along the network of ant trails. These observations suggest that myrmecophiles resort to the host to move away from the nest, and this to a much higher extent than hitherto anticipated. Interestingly, functional groups of symbionts displayed different dispersal kernels, with predatory myrmecophiles moving more frequently and further from the nest than detritivorous myrmecophiles. We discovered that myrmecophile diversity was lower in newly founded nests than in mature red wood ant nests. Most myrmecophiles, however, were able to colonize new nests fast suggesting that the heterogeneity in mobility does not affect community assembly. CONCLUSIONS We show that co-movement is not restricted to tight parasitic, or cross-kingdom interactions. Movement in social insect symbiont communities may be heterogeneous and functional group-dependent, but clearly affected by host movement. Ultimately, this co-movement leads to directional movement and allows a fast colonisation of new patches, but not in a predictable way. This study highlights the importance of spatial dynamics of local and regional networks in symbiont metacommunities, of which those of symbionts of social insects are prime examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Parmentier
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC), Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
- Research Unit of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, Namur Institute of Complex Systems, and Institute of Life, Earth, and the Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000, Namur, Belgium.
| | - R Claus
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC), Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - F De Laender
- Research Unit of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, Namur Institute of Complex Systems, and Institute of Life, Earth, and the Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - D Bonte
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit (TEREC), Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Wang Q, Zhang L, Zhao H, Zhao Q, Deng J, Kong F, Jiang W, Zhang H, Liu H, Kouba A. Abiotic and Biotic Influences on the Movement of Reintroduced Chinese Giant Salamanders ( Andrias davidianus) in Two Montane Rivers. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1480. [PMID: 34063797 PMCID: PMC8224018 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding animal movement is a key question in ecology and biodiversity conservation, which is particularly important for the success of reintroduction projects. The movement of critically endangered Chinese giant salamander (Andrias davidianus) remains poorly understood due to the rareness of wild individuals of this species. We lack movement details about the full annual cycle after reintroduction, especially the abiotic and biotic influences that affect its movement. We utilized pilot reintroduction projects as opportunities to fill in some knowledge gaps on their movement ecology. We released 31 juvenile captive-reared Chinese giant salamanders of two age groups in two rivers in the Qinling Mountains of central China and monitored their daily movements for 16 months using surgically implanted radio transmitters. We examined the impacts of individual traits (body mass, body condition) and environmental conditions (temperature, precipitation, and moon phase) on their daily movement patterns. Data were analyzed using a mixed-effects logistic regression model to understand the drivers of their movement tendency (i.e., whether they move or not) and a linear mixed-effects model was used to understand the drivers of their movement distance. We found that movement tendency of the older salamander cohort was positively affected by the moon phase, increasing near the Full Moon, whereas the younger cohort of animals were not impacted by the moon phase. For daily distance moved, we found temperature had a strong positive effect on both cohorts, whereas precipitation had moderate but opposite effects on the two cohorts Body mass and body condition did not have any significant impacts on either age classes' movement tendency or distance. This study provides insight into the abiotic factors that impact the temporal and spatial movement ecology of reintroduced giant salamander, which will in turn help with designing best practices for future releases and conservation of this iconic montane aquatic predator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijun Wang
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, 88 Xingqing Road, Xi’an 710032, China; (H.Z.); (J.D.); (F.K.); (W.J.); (H.Z.)
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Hu Zhao
- Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, 88 Xingqing Road, Xi’an 710032, China; (H.Z.); (J.D.); (F.K.); (W.J.); (H.Z.)
| | - Qing Zhao
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Jie Deng
- Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, 88 Xingqing Road, Xi’an 710032, China; (H.Z.); (J.D.); (F.K.); (W.J.); (H.Z.)
| | - Fei Kong
- Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, 88 Xingqing Road, Xi’an 710032, China; (H.Z.); (J.D.); (F.K.); (W.J.); (H.Z.)
| | - Wei Jiang
- Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, 88 Xingqing Road, Xi’an 710032, China; (H.Z.); (J.D.); (F.K.); (W.J.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, 88 Xingqing Road, Xi’an 710032, China; (H.Z.); (J.D.); (F.K.); (W.J.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hong Liu
- College of Fisheries, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Andrew Kouba
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
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de Figueiredo Ramalho D, Resende D, de Oliveira TF, Santos RAL, de Souza Aguiar LM. Factors influencing bat road casualties in a Neotropical savanna. Perspect Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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42
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Deere JA, Berg I, Roth G, Smallegange IM. A modeling exercise to show why population models should incorporate distinct life histories of dispersers. POPUL ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/1438-390x.12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacques A. Deere
- Department of Zoology University of Oxford Oxford UK
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Ilona Berg
- Department of Animal Ecology Vrije Universiteit, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Gregory Roth
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research Basel Switzerland
| | - Isabel M. Smallegange
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
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Kerches-Rogeri P, Niebuhr BB, Muylaert RL, Mello MAR. Individual specialization in the use of space by frugivorous bats. J Anim Ecol 2020; 89:2584-2595. [PMID: 32895967 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Natural populations are not homogenous systems but sets of individuals that occupy subsets of the species' niche. This phenomenon is known as individual specialization. Recently, several studies found evidence of individual specialization in animal diets. Diet is a critical dimension of a species' niche that affects several other dimensions, including space use, which has been poorly studied under the light of individual specialization. In this study, which harnesses the framework of the movement ecology paradigm and uses yellow-shouldered bats Sturnira lilium as a model, we ask how food preferences lead individual bats of the same population to forage mainly in different locations and habitats. Ten individual bats were radiotracked in a heterogeneous Brazilian savanna. First, we modelled intraspecific variation in space use as a network of individual bats and the landscape elements visited by them. Second, we developed two novel metrics, the spatial individual specialization index (SpatIS) and the spatial individual complementary specialization index (SpatICS). Additionally, we tested food-plant availability as a driver of interindividual differences in space use. There was large interindividual variation in space use not explained by sex or weight. Our results point to individual specialization in space use in the studied population of S. lilium, most probably linked to food-plant distribution. Individual specialization affects not only which plant species frugivores consume, but also the way they move in space, ultimately with consequences for seed dispersal and landscape connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernardo Brandão Niebuhr
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Rio Claro, Brazil.,Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Carnívoros (CENAP), Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), Atibaia, Brazil.,Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, Atibaia, Brazil.,Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Renata Lara Muylaert
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Rio Claro, Brazil.,Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Energetics as common currency for integrating high resolution activity patterns into dynamic energy budget-individual based models. Ecol Modell 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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45
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Fandos G, Rotics S, Sapir N, Fiedler W, Kaatz M, Wikelski M, Nathan R, Zurell D. Seasonal niche tracking of climate emerges at the population level in a migratory bird. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20201799. [PMID: 32962549 PMCID: PMC7542805 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal animal migration is a widespread phenomenon. At the species level, it has been shown that many migratory animal species track similar climatic conditions throughout the year. However, it remains unclear whether such a niche tracking pattern is a direct consequence of individual behaviour or emerges at the population or species level through behavioural variability. Here, we estimated seasonal niche overlap and seasonal niche tracking at the individual and population level of central European white storks (Ciconia ciconia). We quantified niche tracking for both weather and climate conditions to control for the different spatio-temporal scales over which ecological processes may operate. Our results indicate that niche tracking is a bottom-up process. Individuals mainly track weather conditions while climatic niche tracking mainly emerges at the population level. This result may be partially explained by a high degree of intra- and inter-individual variation in niche overlap between seasons. Understanding how migratory individuals, populations and species respond to seasonal environments is key for anticipating the impacts of global environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Fandos
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, D-14469, Potsdam, Germany.,Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shay Rotics
- Movement Ecology Lab, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behaviour, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nir Sapir
- Department Evolutionary and Environmental Biology and Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 3498838 Haifa, Israel
| | - Wolfgang Fiedler
- Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, D-78315 Radolfzell, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Michael Kaatz
- Vogelschutzwarte Storchenhof Loburg e.V., Loburg, Germany
| | - Martin Wikelski
- Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, D-78315 Radolfzell, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ran Nathan
- Movement Ecology Lab, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behaviour, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Damaris Zurell
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, D-14469, Potsdam, Germany.,Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, D-10099 Berlin, Germany
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Milles A, Dammhahn M, Grimm V. Intraspecific trait variation in personality‐related movement behavior promotes coexistence. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Milles
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Univ. of Potsdam Am Mühlenberg 3 DE‐14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Melanie Dammhahn
- Animal Ecology, Univ. of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany, and: Berlin‐Brandenburg Inst. of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB) Berlin Germany
| | - Volker Grimm
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Univ. of Potsdam Am Mühlenberg 3 DE‐14476 Potsdam Germany
- Dept of Ecological Modelling, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research‐UFZ Leipzig Germany
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Gatto JV, Trexler JC. Speed and directedness predict colonization sequence post-disturbance. Oecologia 2020; 193:713-727. [PMID: 32556591 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04689-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Foundational ecological models characterize dispersal with two behavioral traits, speed and directional bias. We hypothesized that these two traits can predict the order of colonization by fishes in a heterogenous landscape. Colonization patterns following hydrological disturbance were documented from a 20-year multi-site time series of marsh fish, and we evaluated the ability of a two-parameter model to predict these patterns. The maximum aerobic swimming speed (UCRIT) for six coexisting fish species were estimated using endurance tests; field estimates of directedness and swimming speed were previously documented using encounter samplers. We incorporated interspecific variation in speed, direction, and density into several Agent Based Models to simulate dispersal following disturbance. Six virtual "species" with varying levels of directedness, "swam" in an artificial environment to reach a refuge habitat. The time of first arrival for each species was saved at the end of each run and used to calculate the probability of arrival order. Our simulated results generated predictions on order of arrival consistent with observed colonization patterns in our long-term dataset. Swim tunnel results revealed that fast (high UCRIT) estimates were characteristic of early colonizing species; whereas, slow (low UCRIT) estimates were characteristic of late colonizing species. Directional bias better predicted order of arrival than speed and was robust to inter-specific variation in density. This study demonstrated that two parameters were adequate to predict the order of species colonization in a complex landscape. These results support the use of relatively simple trait-based models to generate realistic community assembly dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- John V Gatto
- Department of Biological Science, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL, 33181, USA. .,Great Rivers Field Station, Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 918 Union St, Alton, IL, 62002, USA.
| | - Joel C Trexler
- Department of Biological Science, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL, 33181, USA
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White LA, VandeWoude S, Craft ME. A mechanistic, stigmergy model of territory formation in solitary animals: Territorial behavior can dampen disease prevalence but increase persistence. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1007457. [PMID: 32525874 PMCID: PMC7289346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although movement ecology has leveraged models of home range formation to explore the effects of spatial heterogeneity and social cues on movement behavior, disease ecology has yet to integrate these potential drivers and mechanisms of contact behavior into a generalizable disease modeling framework. Here we ask how dynamic territory formation and maintenance might contribute to disease dynamics in a territorial, solitary predator for an indirectly transmitted pathogen. We developed a mechanistic individual-based model where stigmergy—the deposition of signals into the environment (e.g., scent marking, scraping)—dictates local movement choices and long-term territory formation, but also the risk of pathogen transmission. Based on a variable importance analysis, the length of the infectious period was the single most important variable in predicting outbreak success, maximum prevalence, and outbreak duration. Host density and rate of pathogen decay were also key predictors. We found that territoriality best reduced maximum prevalence in conditions where we would otherwise expect outbreaks to be most successful: slower recovery rates (i.e., longer infectious periods) and higher conspecific densities. However, for slower pathogen decay rates, stigmergy-driven movement increased outbreak durations relative to random movement simulations. Our findings therefore support a limited version of the “territoriality benefits” hypothesis—where reduced home range overlap leads to reduced opportunities for pathogen transmission, but with the caveat that reduction in outbreak severity may increase the likelihood of pathogen persistence. For longer infectious periods and higher host densities, key trade-offs emerged between the strength of pathogen load, the strength of the stigmergy cue, and the rate at which those two quantities decayed; this finding raises interesting questions about the evolutionary nature of these competing processes and the role of possible feedbacks between parasitism and territoriality. This work also highlights the importance of considering social cues as part of the movement landscape in order to better understand the consequences of individual behaviors on population level outcomes. Making decisions about conservation and disease management relies on our understanding of what allows animal populations to be successful, which often depends on when and where animals encounter each other. However, disease ecology often focuses on the social behavior of animals without accounting for their individual movement patterns. We developed a simulation model that bridges the fields of disease and movement ecology by allowing hosts to inform their movement based on the past movements of other hosts. As hosts navigate their environment, they leave behind a scent trail while avoiding the scent trails of other individuals. We wanted to know if this means of territory formation could heighten or dampen disease spread when infectious hosts leave pathogens in their wake. We found that territoriality can inhibit disease spread under conditions that we would normally expect pathogens to be most successful: when there are many hosts on the landscape and hosts stay infectious for longer. This work points to how incorporating movement behavior into disease models can provide improved understanding of how diseases spread in wildlife populations; such understanding is particularly important in the face of combatting ongoing and emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. White
- National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center, University of Maryland, Annapolis, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Sue VandeWoude
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Meggan E. Craft
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
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DeSantis DL, Mata-Silva V, Johnson JD, Wagler AE. Integrative Framework for Long-Term Activity Monitoring of Small and Secretive Animals: Validation With a Cryptic Pitviper. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Yannic G, Hagen O, Leugger F, Karger DN, Pellissier L. Harnessing paleo-environmental modeling and genetic data to predict intraspecific genetic structure. Evol Appl 2020; 13:1526-1542. [PMID: 32684974 PMCID: PMC7359836 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatially explicit simulations of gene flow within complex landscapes could help forecast the responses of populations to global and anthropological changes. Simulating how past climate change shaped intraspecific genetic variation can provide a validation of models in anticipation of their use to predict future changes. We review simulation models that provide inferences on population genetic structure. Existing simulation models generally integrate complex demographic and genetic processes but are less focused on the landscape dynamics. In contrast to previous approaches integrating detailed demographic and genetic processes and only secondarily landscape dynamics, we present a model based on parsimonious biological mechanisms combining habitat suitability and cellular processes, applicable to complex landscapes. The simulation model takes as input (a) the species dispersal capacities as the main biological parameter, (b) the species habitat suitability, and (c) the landscape structure, modulating dispersal. Our model emphasizes the role of landscape features and their temporal dynamics in generating genetic differentiation among populations within species. We illustrate our model on caribou/reindeer populations sampled across the entire species distribution range in the Northern Hemisphere. We show that simulations over the past 21 kyr predict a population genetic structure that matches empirical data. This approach looking at the impact of historical landscape dynamics on intraspecific structure can be used to forecast population structure under climate change scenarios and evaluate how species range shifts might induce erosion of genetic variation within species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Yannic
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS LECA Grenoble France
| | - Oskar Hagen
- Landscape Ecology Department of Environmental Systems Sciensce Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland.,Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research Birmensdorf Switzerland
| | - Flurin Leugger
- Landscape Ecology Department of Environmental Systems Sciensce Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland.,Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research Birmensdorf Switzerland
| | - Dirk N Karger
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research Birmensdorf Switzerland
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- Landscape Ecology Department of Environmental Systems Sciensce Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland.,Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research Birmensdorf Switzerland
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