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Chu Y, He Y, Zhai W, Huang Y, Tao C, Pang Z, Wang Z, Zhang D, Li H, Jia H. CpG adjuvant enhances humoral and cellular immunity against OVA in different degrees in BALB/c, C57BL/6J, and C57BL/6N mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112593. [PMID: 38972210 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
In lab settings, inbred mouse strains like BALB/c, C57BL/6J, and C57BL/6N are commonly used. Research in immunology and infectious diseases indicates that their Th1 and Th2 immune responses differ. However, the specific differences in the immune response to the vaccination still require investigation. In this study, ovalbumin (OVA) was used as an antigen and CpG-enriched recombinant plasmid (pUC18-CpG) as an adjuvant for immunisation. The level of serum-specific antibody IgG was detected by indirect ELISA. At 35dpi, serum cytokine levels were measured using MILLIPLEX®. T lymphocyte clusters from mouse spleen were examined using flow cytometry to investigate the immunological effects of the CPG-OVA vaccine on three different types of mice. The results showed that pUC18-CpG as an adjuvant could successfully enhance the immune response. BALB/c had the highest level of IgG antibody. In the OVA-only group, the CD4+/CD8+ ratio of the three types of mice was generally increased, and the BALB/c group had the highest ratio. After inoculation with CpG-OVA, the CD4+/CD8+ ratio of the three types of mice was lower than that of the OVA-only group, and C57BL/6J was the lowest. Compared with the CpG-OVA group of the three kinds of mice, the levels of Th2 cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 in BALB/c were increased compared with C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N. After OVA, the six cytokines secreted in C57BL/6J were higher than those in the C57BL/6N OVA group. Therefore, C57 is a better model for examining the function of the vaccine in cellular immunity, whereas BALB/c mice are more prone to humoral immunity. In addition to highlighting the CpG plasmid's ability to successfully activate the immune response of Th1 and Th2, as well as the expression of IgG in vivo and promote T cell immune typing, this study provides valuable insights into immunology and the selection of mouse models for infectious diseases, providing a valuable resource for designing more effective vaccines in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Chu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 100096, China; Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuheng He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 100096, China
| | - Wenzhu Zhai
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chunhao Tao
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhongbao Pang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dekun Zhang
- Taihe Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210031, China
| | - Huanrong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 100096, China.
| | - Hong Jia
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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2
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Hagena H, Manahan-Vaughan D. Interplay of hippocampal long-term potentiation and long-term depression in enabling memory representations. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230229. [PMID: 38853558 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) are Hebbian forms of synaptic plasticity that are widely believed to comprise the physiological correlates of associative learning. They comprise a persistent, input-specific increase or decrease, respectively, in synaptic efficacy that, in rodents, can be followed for days and weeks in vivo. Persistent (>24 h) LTP and LTD exhibit distinct frequency-dependencies and molecular profiles in the hippocampal subfields. Moreover, causal and genetic studies in behaving rodents indicate that both LTP and LTD fulfil specific and complementary roles in the acquisition and retention of spatial memory. LTP is likely to be responsible for the generation of a record of spatial experience, which may serve as an associative schema that can be re-used to expedite or facilitate subsequent learning. In contrast, LTD may enable modification and dynamic updating of this representation, such that detailed spatial content information is included and the schema is rendered unique and distinguishable from other similar representations. Together, LTP and LTD engage in a dynamic interplay that supports the generation of complex associative memories that are resistant to generalization. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Long-term potentiation: 50 years on'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardy Hagena
- Medical Faculty, Department of Neurophysiology, Ruhr University Bochum , Bochum 44780, Germany
| | - Denise Manahan-Vaughan
- Medical Faculty, Department of Neurophysiology, Ruhr University Bochum , Bochum 44780, Germany
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Teboul L, Amos-Landgraf J, Benavides FJ, Birling MC, Brown SDM, Bryda E, Bunton-Stasyshyn R, Chin HJ, Crispo M, Delerue F, Dobbie M, Franklin CL, Fuchtbauer EM, Gao X, Golzio C, Haffner R, Hérault Y, Hrabe de Angelis M, Lloyd KCK, Magnuson TR, Montoliu L, Murray SA, Nam KH, Nutter LMJ, Pailhoux E, Pardo Manuel de Villena F, Peterson K, Reinholdt L, Sedlacek R, Seong JK, Shiroishi T, Smith C, Takeo T, Tinsley L, Vilotte JL, Warming S, Wells S, Whitelaw CB, Yoshiki A, Pavlovic G. Improving laboratory animal genetic reporting: LAG-R guidelines. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5574. [PMID: 38956430 PMCID: PMC11220107 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49439-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The biomedical research community addresses reproducibility challenges in animal studies through standardized nomenclature, improved experimental design, transparent reporting, data sharing, and centralized repositories. The ARRIVE guidelines outline documentation standards for laboratory animals in experiments, but genetic information is often incomplete. To remedy this, we propose the Laboratory Animal Genetic Reporting (LAG-R) framework. LAG-R aims to document animals' genetic makeup in scientific publications, providing essential details for replication and appropriate model use. While verifying complete genetic compositions may be impractical, better reporting and validation efforts enhance reliability of research. LAG-R standardization will bolster reproducibility, peer review, and overall scientific rigor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Teboul
- The Mary Lyon Centre at MRC Harwell, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RD, Oxon, UK.
| | - James Amos-Landgraf
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
- University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
- Rat Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Fernando J Benavides
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marie-Christine Birling
- PHENOMIN-Institut Clinique de la Souris, CELPHEDIA, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Grafenstaden, 67404, Strasbourg, France
| | - Steve D M Brown
- Visiting Scientist, Institut Clinique de la Souris, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Grafenstaden, 67404, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elizabeth Bryda
- Rat Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | | | - Hsian-Jean Chin
- National Laboratory Animal Center (NLAC), NARLabs, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Martina Crispo
- Laboratory Animal Biotechnology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Mataojo 2020, CP 1400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Fabien Delerue
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Dobbie
- Phenomics Australia, Australian National University, 131 Garran Road, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Craig L Franklin
- University of Missouri Mutant Mouse Resource and Research Center (MU MMRRC), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | | | - Xiang Gao
- National Resource Center of Mutant Mice (NRCMM), Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Christelle Golzio
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400, Illkirch, France
| | - Rebecca Haffner
- Department Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yann Hérault
- PHENOMIN-Institut Clinique de la Souris, CELPHEDIA, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Grafenstaden, 67404, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inserm, IGBMC UMR 7104- UMR-S 1258, F-67400, Illkirch, France
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstaedter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 8, 85354, Freising, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstaedter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Terry R Magnuson
- Department of Genetics, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7264, USA
| | - Lluis Montoliu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER-ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ki-Hoan Nam
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Lauryl M J Nutter
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children and The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Eric Pailhoux
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Fernando Pardo Manuel de Villena
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | | | | | - Radislav Sedlacek
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, and Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Cynthia Smith
- Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI), Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Toru Takeo
- Center for Animal Resources and Development (CARD), Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Louise Tinsley
- The Mary Lyon Centre at MRC Harwell, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RD, Oxon, UK
| | - Jean-Luc Vilotte
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Søren Warming
- Genentech, Inc., a member of the Roche group, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sara Wells
- The Mary Lyon Centre at MRC Harwell, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0RD, Oxon, UK
- Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - C Bruce Whitelaw
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Atsushi Yoshiki
- Experimental Animal Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Guillaume Pavlovic
- PHENOMIN-Institut Clinique de la Souris, CELPHEDIA, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Grafenstaden, 67404, Strasbourg, France.
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4
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Vacca F, Yalcin B, Ansar M. Exploring the pathological mechanisms underlying Cohen syndrome. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1431400. [PMID: 39010945 PMCID: PMC11247020 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1431400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cohen Syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by biallelic mutations in the VPS13B gene. It is characterized by multiple clinical features, including acquired microcephaly, developmental delay, intellectual disability, neutropenia, and retinal degeneration. VPS13B is part of the bridge-like lipid transport (BLTP) protein family, which in mammals also includes VPS13A, -C, and -D. The proteins of this family are peripheral membrane proteins with different sub-cellular localization, but all share similar structural features and have been proposed to act as lipid transport proteins at organellar membrane contact sites. VPS13B is localized at the Golgi apparatus and is essential for the maintenance of organelle architecture. Here we present a review of the experimental data on the function of the protein at the cellular level, discussing the potential link with disease phenotype and review the studies on animal models recapitulating features of the human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Vacca
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile Des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Binnaz Yalcin
- Inserm UMR1231, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Muhammad Ansar
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile Des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Advanced Molecular Genetics and Genomics Disease Research and Treatment Centre, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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5
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Carr LM, Mustafa S, Care A, Collins-Praino LE. More than a number: Incorporating the aged phenotype to improve in vitro and in vivo modeling of neurodegenerative disease. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 119:554-571. [PMID: 38663775 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Age is the number one risk factor for developing a neurodegenerative disease (ND), such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) or Parkinson's disease (PD). With our rapidly ageing world population, there will be an increased burden of ND and need for disease-modifying treatments. Currently, however, translation of research from bench to bedside in NDs is poor. This may be due, at least in part, to the failure to account for the potential effect of ageing in preclinical modelling of NDs. While ageing can impact upon physiological response in multiple ways, only a limited number of preclinical studies of ND have incorporated ageing as a factor of interest. Here, we evaluate the aged phenotype and highlight the critical, but unmet, need to incorporate aspects of this phenotype into both the in vitro and in vivo models used in ND research. Given technological advances in the field over the past several years, we discuss how these could be harnessed to create novel models of ND that more readily incorporate aspects of the aged phenotype. This includes a recently described in vitro panel of ageing markers, which could help lead to more standardised models and improve reproducibility across studies. Importantly, we cannot assume that young cells or animals yield the same responses as seen in the context of ageing; thus, an improved understanding of the biology of ageing, and how to appropriately incorporate this into the modelling of ND, will ensure the best chance for successful translation of new therapies to the aged patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Carr
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sanam Mustafa
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Davies Livestock Research Centre, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Andrew Care
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lyndsey E Collins-Praino
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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6
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Malik RA, Zhou J, Fredenburgh JC, Crosby J, Revenko AS, Healey JS, Weitz JI. Histidine-Rich Glycoprotein Modulates the Toxic Effects of High-Dose Polyphosphate in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1658-1670. [PMID: 38752349 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.124.320899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyphosphate (polyP), a procoagulant released from platelets, activates coagulation via the contact system and modulates cardiomyocyte viability. High-dose intravenous polyP is lethal in mice, presumably because of thrombosis. Previously, we showed that HRG (histidine-rich glycoprotein) binds polyP and attenuates its procoagulant effects. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms responsible for the lethality of intravenous polyP in mice and the impact of HRG on this process. METHODS The survival of wild-type or HRG-deficient mice given intravenous synthetic or platelet-derived polyP in doses up to 50 mg/kg or saline was compared. To determine the contribution of thrombosis, the effect of FXII (factor XII) knockdown or enoxaparin on polyP-induced fibrin deposition in the lungs was examined. To assess cardiotoxicity, the ECG was continuously monitored, the levels of troponin I and the myocardial band of creatine kinase were quantified, and the viability of a cultured murine cardiomyocyte cell line exposed to polyP in the absence or presence of HRG was determined. RESULTS In HRG-deficient mice, polyP was lethal at 30 mg/kg, whereas it was lethal in wild-type mice at 50 mg/kg. Although FXII knockdown or enoxaparin administration attenuated polyP-induced fibrin deposition in the lungs, neither affected mortality. PolyP induced dose-dependent ECG abnormalities, including heart block and ST-segment changes, and increased the levels of troponin and myocardial band of creatine kinase, effects that were more pronounced in HRG-deficient mice than in wild-type mice and were attenuated when HRG-deficient mice were given supplemental HRG. Consistent with its cardiotoxicity, polyP reduced the viability of cultured cardiomyocytes in a dose-dependent manner, an effect attenuated with supplemental HRG. CONCLUSIONS High-dose intravenous polyP is cardiotoxic in mice, and HRG modulates this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rida A Malik
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (R.A.M., J.Z., J.C.F., J.I.W.)
- Department of Medical Sciences (R.A.M.), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ji Zhou
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (R.A.M., J.Z., J.C.F., J.I.W.)
- Department of Medicine (J.Z., J.C.F., J.S.H., J.I.W.), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - James C Fredenburgh
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (R.A.M., J.Z., J.C.F., J.I.W.)
- Department of Medicine (J.Z., J.C.F., J.S.H., J.I.W.), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeff Crosby
- Department of Pulmonary and Oncology Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (J.C., A.S.R.)
| | - Alexey S Revenko
- Department of Pulmonary and Oncology Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA (J.C., A.S.R.)
| | - Jeff S Healey
- Department of Medicine (J.Z., J.C.F., J.S.H., J.I.W.), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (J.S.H.)
| | - Jeffrey I Weitz
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (R.A.M., J.Z., J.C.F., J.I.W.)
- Department of Medicine (J.Z., J.C.F., J.S.H., J.I.W.), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences (J.I.W.), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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7
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Denbeigh JM, Howard ME, Garcia DA, Debrot EK, Cole KC, Remmes NB, Beltran CJ. Characterizing Proton-Induced Biological Effects in a Mouse Spinal Cord Model: A Comparison of Bragg Peak and Entrance Beam Response in Single and Fractionated Exposures. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 119:924-935. [PMID: 38310485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Proton relative biological effectiveness (RBE) is a dynamic variable influenced by factors like linear energy transfer (LET), dose, tissue type, and biological endpoint. The standard fixed proton RBE of 1.1, currently used in clinical planning, may not accurately represent the true biological effects of proton therapy (PT) in all cases. This uncertainty can contribute to radiation-induced normal tissue toxicity in patients. In late-responding tissues such as the spinal cord, toxicity can cause devastating complications. This study investigated spinal cord tolerance in mice subjected to proton irradiation and characterized the influence of fractionation on proton- induced myelopathy at entrance (ENT) and Bragg peak (BP) positions. METHODS AND MATERIALS Cervical spinal cords of 8-week-old C57BL/6J female mice were irradiated with single- or multi-fractions (18x) using lateral opposed radiation fields at 1 of 2 positions along the Bragg curve: ENT (dose-mean LET = 1.2 keV/μm) and BP (LET = 6.9 keV/μm). Mice were monitored over 1 year for changes in weight, mobility, and general health, with radiation-induced myelopathy as the primary biological endpoint. Calculations of the RBE of the ENT and BP curve (RBEENT/BP) were performed. RESULTS Single-fraction RBEENT/BP for 50% effect probability (tolerance dose (TD50), grade II paresis, determined using log-logistic model fitting) was 1.10 ± 0.06 (95% CI) and for multifraction treatments it was 1.19 ± 0.05 (95% CI). Higher incidence and faster onset of paralysis were seen in mice treated at the BP compared with ENT. CONCLUSIONS The findings challenge the universally fixed RBE value in PT, indicating up to a 25% mouse spinal cord RBEENT/BP variation for multifraction treatments. These results highlight the importance of considering fractionation in determining RBE for PT. Robust characterization of proton-induced toxicity, aided by in vivo models, is paramount for refining clinical decision-making and mitigating potential patient side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M Denbeigh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.
| | - Michelle E Howard
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Darwin A Garcia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Emily K Debrot
- St George Cancer Care Centre, Kogarah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kristin C Cole
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Chris J Beltran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
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8
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Ding M, Nielsen K. Inbred Mouse Models in Cryptococcus neoformans Research. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:426. [PMID: 38921412 PMCID: PMC11204852 DOI: 10.3390/jof10060426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal models are frequently used as surrogates to understand human disease. In the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus species complex, several variations of a mouse model of disease were developed that recapitulate different aspects of human disease. These mouse models have been implemented using various inbred and outbred mouse backgrounds, many of which have genetic differences that can influence host response and disease outcome. In this review, we will discuss the most commonly used inbred mouse backgrounds in C. neoformans infection models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kirsten Nielsen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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9
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Li Y, Li Y, Liu C, Yu X, Gan Z, Xiang L, Zheng J, Meng B, Yu R, Chen X, Kou X, Cao Y, Ai T. Mechanical force-activated CD109 on periodontal ligament stem cells governs osteogenesis and osteoclast to promote alveolar bone remodeling. Stem Cells Transl Med 2024:szae035. [PMID: 38885217 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szae035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanical force-mediated bone remodeling is crucial for various physiological and pathological processes involving multiple factors, including stem cells and the immune response. However, it remains unclear how stem cells respond to mechanical stimuli to modulate the immune microenvironment and subsequent bone remodeling. Here, we found that mechanical force induced increased expression of CD109 on periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) in vitro and in periodontal tissues from the force-induced tooth movement rat model in vivo, accompanied by activated alveolar bone remodeling. Under mechanical force stimulation, CD109 suppressed the osteogenesis capacity of PDLSCs through the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway, whereas it promoted PDLSC-induced osteoclast formation and M1 macrophage polarization through paracrine. Moreover, inhibition of CD109 in vivo by lentivirus-shRNA injection increased the osteogenic activity and bone density in periodontal tissues. On the contrary, it led to decreased osteoclast numbers and pro-inflammatory factor secretion in periodontal tissues and reduced tooth movement. Mechanistically, mechanical force-enhanced CD109 expression via the repression of miR-340-5p. Our findings uncover a CD109-mediated mechanical force response machinery on PDLSCs, which contributes to regulating the immune microenvironment and alveolar bone remodeling during tooth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Yu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqi Gan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Lusai Xiang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxuan Zheng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowen Meng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongcheng Yu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxing Kou
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, People's Republic of China
- South China Center of Craniofacial Stem Cell Research, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2 Road, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Cao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Ai
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, People's Republic of China
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10
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Babendreyer A, Kieselhorst J, Rinkens C, Lyashenko AM, Düsterhöft S, Jahr H, Craveiro RB, Wolf M, Ludwig A. Downregulation of the metalloproteinases ADAM10 or ADAM17 promotes osteoclast differentiation. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:322. [PMID: 38863060 PMCID: PMC11167776 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01690-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone resorption is driven through osteoclast differentiation by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL). We noted that a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) 10 and ADAM17 are downregulated at the expression level during osteoclast differentiation of the murine monocytic cell line RAW264.7 in response to RANKL. Both proteinases are well known to shed a variety of single-pass transmembrane molecules from the cell surface. We further showed that inhibitors of ADAM10 or ADAM17 promote osteoclastic differentiation and furthermore enhance the surface expression of receptors for RANKL and M-CSF on RAW264.7 cells. Using murine bone marrow-derived monocytic cells (BMDMCs), we demonstrated that a genetic deficiency of ADAM17 or its required regulator iRhom2 leads to increased osteoclast development in response to M-CSF and RANKL stimulation. Moreover, ADAM17-deficient osteoclast precursor cells express increased levels of the receptors for RANKL and M-CSF. Thus, ADAM17 negatively regulates osteoclast differentiation, most likely through shedding of these receptors. To assess the time-dependent contribution of ADAM10, we blocked this proteinase by adding a specific inhibitor on day 0 of BMDMC stimulation with M-CSF or on day 7 of subsequent stimulation with RANKL. Only ADAM10 inhibition beginning on day 7 increased the size of developing osteoclasts indicating that ADAM10 suppresses osteoclast differentiation at a later stage. Finally, we could confirm our findings in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Thus, downregulation of either ADAM10 or ADAM17 during osteoclast differentiation may represent a novel regulatory mechanism to enhance their differentiation process. Enhanced bone resorption is a critical issue in osteoporosis and is driven through osteoclast differentiation by specific osteogenic mediators. The present study demonstrated that the metalloproteinases ADAM17 and ADAM10 critically suppress osteoclast development. This was observed for a murine cell line, for isolated murine bone marrow cells and for human blood cells by either preferential inhibition of the proteinases or by gene knockout. As a possible mechanism, we studied the surface expression of critical receptors for osteogenic mediators on developing osteoclasts. Our findings revealed that the suppressive effects of ADAM17 and ADAM10 on osteoclastogenesis can be explained in part by the proteolytic cleavage of surface receptors by ADAM10 and ADAM17, which reduces the sensitivity of these cells to osteogenic mediators. We also observed that osteoclast differentiation was associated with the downregulation of ADAM10 and ADAM17, which reduced their suppressive effects. We therefore propose that this downregulation serves as a feedback loop for enhancing osteoclast development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Babendreyer
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Julia Kieselhorst
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Cindy Rinkens
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anastasia M Lyashenko
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Düsterhöft
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Holger Jahr
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Structural Mechanics and Lightweight Design, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rogerio B Craveiro
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Wolf
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Ludwig
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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11
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Cacheiro P, Pava D, Parkinson H, VanZanten M, Wilson R, Gunes O, The International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium, Smedley D. Computational identification of disease models through cross-species phenotype comparison. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050604. [PMID: 38881316 PMCID: PMC11247498 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of standardised phenotyping screens to identify abnormal phenotypes in mouse knockouts, together with the use of ontologies to describe such phenotypic features, allows the implementation of an automated and unbiased pipeline to identify new models of disease by performing phenotype comparisons across species. Using data from the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC), approximately half of mouse mutants are able to mimic, at least partially, the human ortholog disease phenotypes as computed by the PhenoDigm algorithm. We found the number of phenotypic abnormalities in the mouse and the corresponding Mendelian disorder, the pleiotropy and severity of the disease, and the viability and zygosity status of the mouse knockout to be associated with the ability of mouse models to recapitulate the human disorder. An analysis of the IMPC impact on disease gene discovery through a publication-tracking system revealed that the resource has been implicated in at least 109 validated rare disease-gene associations over the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Cacheiro
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Diego Pava
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Helen Parkinson
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Maya VanZanten
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert Wilson
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Osman Gunes
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | | | - Damian Smedley
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
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12
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Oltean T, Maelfait J, Saelens X, Vandenabeele P. Need for standardization of Influenza A virus-induced cell death in vivo to improve consistency of inter-laboratory research findings. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:247. [PMID: 38778049 PMCID: PMC11111761 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01981-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The involvement of necroptosis in the control of influenza A virus (IAV) infection has been reported in multiple studies. Downstream of the nucleic acid sensor ZBP1, RIPK3 kinase activity is critically involved in the induction of necroptotic cell death by phosphorylating MLKL, while RIPK3 as a scaffold can induce apoptosis. Paradoxically, RIPK3-deficiency of mice may result in increased or decreased susceptibility to IAV infection. Here, we critically review the published reports on the involvement of RIPK3 in IAV infection susceptibility and try to identify differences in experimental settings that could explain seemingly conflicting outcomes. Analysis of the experimental reports revealed differences in the IAV challenge dose, the IAV inoculum preparation, IAV titer assessment, as well as the route of inoculation between studies. Furthermore, differences were noticed in the inclusion of littermate controls, which show high variance in viral sensitivity. Our evaluation argues for a standardized setup for IAV infection experiments including the preparation of the IAV virus, the use of different IAV infectious doses description and the proper experimental genetic controls of the mouse strains to increase inter-laboratory consistency in this field. Workflow for IAV infection studies in vivo: Viral preparation and titer assessment should be as standardized as possible with the use of a universal repository (such as BEI resources). Infection studies in genetically modified mice and littermate controls should include dose-response experimentation, following a defined infection route and inoculation volume. Data are generated by consistent analysis methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Oltean
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Cell Death and Inflammation Unit, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Maelfait
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Cell Death and Inflammation Unit, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xavier Saelens
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Cell Death and Inflammation Unit, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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13
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Kader L, Willits AB, Meriano S, Christianson JA, La JH, Feng B, Knight B, Kosova G, Deberry JJ, Coates MD, Hyams JS, Baumbauer KM, Young EE. Identification of Arginine-Vasopressin Receptor 1a (Avpr1a/Avpr1a) as a Novel Candidate Gene for Chronic Visceral Pain Sheds Light on the Potential Role of Enteric Neurons in the Development of Visceral Hypersensitivity. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2024:104572. [PMID: 38768798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2024.104572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Chronic abdominal pain in the absence of ongoing disease is the hallmark of disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBIs), including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). While the etiology of DGBIs remains poorly understood, there is evidence that both genetic and environmental factors play a role. In this study, we report the identification and validation of arginine-vasopressin receptor 1A (Avpr1a) as a novel candidate gene for visceral hypersensitivity (VH), a primary peripheral mechanism underlying abdominal pain in DGBI/IBS. Comparing 2 C57BL/6 (BL/6) substrains (C57BL/6NTac and C57BL/6J) revealed differential susceptibility to the development of chronic VH following intrarectal zymosan instillation, a validated preclinical model for postinflammatory IBS. Using whole-genome sequencing, we identified a single-nucleotide polymorphism differentiating the 2 strains in the 5' intergenic region upstream of Avpr1a, encoding the protein Avpr1a. We used behavioral, histological, and molecular approaches to identify distal colon-specific gene expression and neuronal hyperresponsiveness covarying with Avpr1a genotype and VH susceptibility. While the 2 BL/6 substrains did not differ across other gastrointestinal phenotypes (eg, fecal water retention), VH-susceptible BL/6NTac mice had higher colonic Avpr1a mRNA and protein expression. These results parallel findings that patients' colonic Avpr1a mRNA expression corresponded to higher pain ratings. Moreover, neurons of the enteric nervous system were hyperresponsive to the Avpr1a agonist arginine-vasopressin, suggesting a role for enteric neurons in the pathology underlying VH. Taken together, these findings implicate differential regulation of Avpr1a as a novel mechanism of VH susceptibility as well as a potential therapeutic target specific to VH. PERSPECTIVE: This article presents evidence of Avpr1a as a novel candidate gene for VH in a mouse model of IBS. Avpr1a genotype and/or tissue-specific expression represents a potential biomarker for chronic abdominal pain susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Kader
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Perioperative Medicine, KU Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Neuroscience Graduate Program, KU Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Adam B Willits
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Perioperative Medicine, KU Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Neuroscience Graduate Program, KU Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Sebastian Meriano
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Perioperative Medicine, KU Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, KU Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Julie A Christianson
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, KU Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Jun-Ho La
- Department of Neurobiology, University of University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Bin Feng
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Brittany Knight
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Gulum Kosova
- Division of Statistical Genetics,TenSixteen Bio, Suffolk, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer J Deberry
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Matthew D Coates
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey S Hyams
- Department of Gastroenterology, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Kyle M Baumbauer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Perioperative Medicine, KU Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, KU Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Erin E Young
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Perioperative Medicine, KU Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Neuroscience Graduate Program, KU Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, KU Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.
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14
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Zhu F, Yang T, Ning M, Liu Y, Xia W, Fu Y, Wen T, Zheng M, Xia R, Qian R, Li Y, Sun M, Liu J, Tian L, Zhou Q, Yu X, Peng C. MiR-146a alleviates inflammatory bowel disease in mice through systematic regulation of multiple genetic networks. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1366319. [PMID: 38799464 PMCID: PMC11116640 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1366319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease involving multiple genes, and the current available targeted drugs for IBD only deliver moderate efficacy. Whether there is a single gene that systematically regulates IBD is not yet known. MiR-146a plays a pivotal role in repression of innate immunity, but its function in the intestinal inflammation is sort of controversy, and the genetic regulatory networks regulated by miR-146a in IBD has not been revealed. Methods RT-qPCR was employed to detect the expression of miR-146a in IBD patients and in a mouse IBD model induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), and then we generated a miR-146a knock-out mouse line with C57/Bl6N background. The disease activity index was scored in DSS-treated miR-146a deficiency mice and their wild type (WT) littermates. Bulk RNA-sequencing, RT-qPCR and immunostaining were done to illustrate the downstream genetic regulatory networks of miR-146a in flamed colon. Finally, the modified miR-146a mimics were used to treat DSS-induced IBD in miR-146a knock-out and WT IBD mice. Results We showed that the expression of miR-146a in the colon was elevated in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced IBD mice and patients with IBD. DSS induced dramatic body weight loss and more significant rectal bleeding, shorter colon length, and colitis in miR-146a knock-out mice than WT mice. The miR-146a mimics alleviated DSS-induced symptoms in both miR-146a-/- and WT mice. Further RNA sequencing illustrated that the deficiency of miR-146a de-repressed majority of DSS-induced IBD-related genes that cover multiple genetic regulatory networks in IBD, and supplementation with miR-146a mimics inhibited the expression of many IBD-related genes. Quantitative RT-PCR or immunostaining confirmed that Ccl3, Saa3, Csf3, Lcn2, Serpine1, Serpine2, MMP3, MMP8, MMP10, IL1A, IL1B, IL6, CXCL2, CXCL3, S100A8, S100A9, TRAF6, P65, p-P65, and IRAK1 were regulated by miR-146a in DSS induced IBD. Among them, MMP3, MMP10, IL6, IL1B, S100A8, S100A9, SERPINE1, CSF3, and IL1A were involved in the active stage of IBD in humans. Discussion Our date demonstrated that miR-146a acts as a top regulator in C57/BL6N mice to systematically repress multiple genetic regulatory networks involved in immune response of intestine to environment factors, and combinatory treatment with miR-146a-5p and miR-146a-3p mimics attenuates DSS-induced IBD in mice through down-regulating multiple genetic regulatory networks which were increased in colon tissue from IBD patients. Our findings suggests that miR-146a is a top inhibitor of IBD, and that miR-146a-5p and miR-146a-3p mimics might be potential drug for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengting Zhu
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Clinic Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Research, School of Medicine and Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Pre-clinical College, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Taotan Yang
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Clinic Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Research, School of Medicine and Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Xiang-Xing College, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Mengmeng Ning
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Clinic Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Research, School of Medicine and Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Liu
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Xia
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Clinic Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Research, School of Medicine and Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Fu
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Clinic Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Research, School of Medicine and Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Wen
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Clinic Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Research, School of Medicine and Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruilong Xia
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Clinic Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Research, School of Medicine and Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Qian
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Clinic Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Research, School of Medicine and Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Li
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Clinic Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Research, School of Medicine and Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minxuan Sun
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Li Tian
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Clinic Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Research, School of Medicine and Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Pre-clinical College, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Changgeng Peng
- The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Clinic Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Research, School of Medicine and Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Korkutata M, De Luca R, Fitzgerald B, Arrigoni E, Scammell TE. Afferent projections to the Calca /CGRP-expressing parabrachial neurons in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.07.593004. [PMID: 38766214 PMCID: PMC11100666 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.07.593004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The parabrachial nucleus (PB), located in the dorsolateral pons, contains primarily glutamatergic neurons which regulate responses to a variety of interoceptive and cutaneous sensory signals. The lateral PB subpopulation expressing the Calca gene which produces the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) relays signals related to threatening stimuli such as hypercarbia, pain, and nausea, yet the afferents to these neurons are only partially understood. We mapped the afferent projections to the lateral part of the PB in mice using conventional cholera toxin B subunit (CTb) retrograde tracing, and then used conditional rabies virus retrograde tracing to map monosynaptic inputs specifically targeting the PB Calca /CGRP neurons. Using vesicular GABA (vGAT) and glutamate (vGLUT2) transporter reporter mice, we found that lateral PB neurons receive GABAergic afferents from regions such as the lateral part of the central nucleus of the amygdala, lateral dorsal subnucleus of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, substantia innominata, and the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray. Additionally, they receive glutamatergic afferents from the infralimbic and insular cortex, paraventricular nucleus, parasubthalamic nucleus, trigeminal complex, medullary reticular nucleus, and nucleus of the solitary tract. Using anterograde tracing and confocal microscopy, we then identified close axonal appositions between these afferents and PB Calca /CGRP neurons. Finally, we used channelrhodopsin-assisted circuit mapping to test whether some of these inputs directly synapse upon the PB Calca /CGRP neurons. These findings provide a comprehensive neuroanatomical framework for understanding the afferent projections regulating the PB Calca /CGRP neurons.
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16
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Jutzeler KS, Le Clec'h W, Chevalier FD, Anderson TJC. Contribution of parasite and host genotype to immunopathology of schistosome infections. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:203. [PMID: 38711063 PMCID: PMC11073996 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06286-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of pathogen genotype in determining disease severity and immunopathology has been studied intensively in microbial pathogens including bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses but is poorly understood in parasitic helminths. The medically important blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni is an excellent model system to study the impact of helminth genetic variation on immunopathology. Our laboratory has demonstrated that laboratory schistosome populations differ in sporocyst growth and cercarial production in the intermediate snail host and worm establishment and fecundity in the vertebrate host. Here, we (i) investigate the hypothesis that schistosome genotype plays a significant role in immunopathology and related parasite life history traits in the vertebrate mouse host and (ii) quantify the relative impact of parasite and host genetics on infection outcomes. METHODS We infected BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice with four different laboratory schistosome populations from Africa and the Americas. We quantified disease progression in the vertebrate host by measuring body weight and complete blood count (CBC) with differential over a 12-week infection period. On sacrifice, we assessed parasitological (egg and worm counts, fecundity), immunopathological (organ measurements and histopathology) and immunological (CBC with differential and cytokine profiles) characteristics to determine the impact of parasite and host genetics. RESULTS We found significant variation between parasite populations in worm numbers, fecundity, liver and intestine egg counts, liver and spleen weight, and fibrotic area but not in granuloma size. Variation in organ weight was explained by egg burden and intrinsic parasite factors independent of egg burden. We found significant variation between infected mouse lines in cytokine levels (IFN-γ, TNF-α), eosinophils, lymphocytes and monocyte counts. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that both parasite and host genotype impact the outcome of infection. While host genotype explains most of the variation in immunological traits, parasite genotype explains most of the variation in parasitological traits, and both host and parasite genotypes impact immunopathology outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin S Jutzeler
- Host Parasite Interaction Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, P.O. Box 760549, San Antonio, TX, 78245, USA.
- UT Health, Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
| | - Winka Le Clec'h
- Host Parasite Interaction Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, P.O. Box 760549, San Antonio, TX, 78245, USA
| | - Frédéric D Chevalier
- Host Parasite Interaction Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, P.O. Box 760549, San Antonio, TX, 78245, USA
| | - Timothy J C Anderson
- Disease Intervention and Prevention Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, P.O. Box 760549, San Antonio, TX, 78245, USA.
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17
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Jenkins D. How do stochastic processes and genetic threshold effects explain incomplete penetrance and inform causal disease mechanisms? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230045. [PMID: 38432317 PMCID: PMC10909503 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Incomplete penetrance is the rule rather than the exception in Mendelian disease. In syndromic monogenic disorders, phenotypic variability can be viewed as the combination of incomplete penetrance for each of multiple independent clinical features. Within genetically identical individuals, such as isogenic model organisms, stochastic variation at molecular and cellular levels is the primary cause of incomplete penetrance according to a genetic threshold model. By defining specific probability distributions of causal biological readouts and genetic liability values, stochasticity and incomplete penetrance provide information about threshold values in biological systems. Ascertainment of threshold values has been achieved by simultaneous scoring of relatively simple phenotypes and quantitation of molecular readouts at the level of single cells. However, this is much more challenging for complex morphological phenotypes using experimental and reductionist approaches alone, where cause and effect are separated temporally and across multiple biological modes and scales. Here I consider how causal inference, which integrates observational data with high confidence causal models, might be used to quantify the relative contribution of different sources of stochastic variation to phenotypic diversity. Collectively, these approaches could inform disease mechanisms, improve predictions of clinical outcomes and prioritize gene therapy targets across modes and scales of gene function. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Causes and consequences of stochastic processes in development and disease'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagan Jenkins
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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18
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Goldberg LR, Baskin BM, Adla Y, Beierle JA, Kelliher JC, Yao EJ, Kirkpatrick SL, Reed ER, Jenkins DF, Luong AM, Luttik KP, Scotellaro JA, Drescher TA, Crotts SB, Yazdani N, Ferris MT, Johnson WE, Mulligan MK, Bryant CD. Atp1a2 and Kcnj9 are candidate genes underlying oxycodone behavioral sensitivity and withdrawal in C57BL/6 substrains. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.16.589731. [PMID: 38798314 PMCID: PMC11123399 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.16.589731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Opioid use disorder is heritable, yet its genetic etiology is largely unknown. Analysis of addiction model traits in rodents (e.g., opioid behavioral sensitivity and withdrawal) can facilitate genetic and mechanistic discovery. C57BL/6J and C57BL/6NJ substrains have extremely limited genetic diversity, yet can show reliable phenotypic diversity which together, can facilitate gene discovery. The C57BL/6NJ substrain was less sensitive to oxycodone (OXY)-induced locomotor activity compared to the C57BL/6J substrain. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping in an F2 cross identified a distal chromosome 1 QTL explaining 7-12% of the variance in OXY locomotor sensitivity and anxiety-like withdrawal in the elevated plus maze. We identified a second QTL for withdrawal on chromosome 5 near the candidate gene Gabra2 (alpha-2 subunit of GABA-A receptor) explaining 9% of the variance. Next, we generated recombinant lines from an F2 founder spanning the distal chromosome 1 locus (163-181 Mb), captured the QTL for OXY sensitivity and withdrawal, and fine-mapped a 2.45-Mb region (170.16-172.61 Mb). There were five striatal cis-eQTL transcripts in this region (Pcp4l1, Ncstn, Atp1a2, Kcnj9, Igsf9), two of which were confirmed at the protein level (KCNJ9, ATP1A2). Kcnj9, a.k.a., GIRK3, codes for a potassium channel that is a major effector of mu opioid receptor signaling. Atp1a2 codes for a subunit of a Na+/K+ ATPase enzyme that regulates neuronal excitability and shows adaptations following chronic opioid administration. To summarize, we identified genetic sources of opioid behavioral differences in C57BL/6 substrains, two of the most widely and often interchangeably used substrains in opioid addiction research.
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Brown B, Chen I, Miliano C, Murdaugh LB, Dong Y, Eddinger KA, Yaksh TL, Burton MD, Buczynski MW, Gregus AM. 12/15-Lipoxygenases mediate neuropathic-like pain hypersensitivity in female mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.04.588153. [PMID: 38644994 PMCID: PMC11030227 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.04.588153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
It is estimated that chronic neuropathic pain conditions exhibit up to 10% prevalence in the general population, with increased incidence in females. However, nonsteroidal inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are ineffective, and currently indicated prescription treatments such as opioids, anticonvulsants, and antidepressants provide only limited therapeutic benefit. In the current work, we extended previous studies in male rats utilizing a paradigm of central Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-dependent, NSAID-unresponsive neuropathic-like pain hypersensitivity to male and female C57BL/6N mice, uncovering an unexpected hyperalgesic phenotype in female mice following intrathecal (IT) LPS. In contrast to previous reports in female C57BL/6J mice, female C57BL/6N mice displayed tactile and cold allodynia, grip force deficits, and locomotor hyperactivity in response to IT LPS. Congruent with our previous observations in male rats, systemic inhibition of 12/15-Lipoxygenases (12/15-LOX) in female B6N mice with selective inhibitors - ML355 (targeting 12-LOX-p) and ML351 (targeting 15-LOX-1) - completely reversed allodynia and grip force deficits. We demonstrate here that 12/15-LOX enzymes also are expressed in mouse spinal cord and that 12/15-LOX metabolites produce tactile allodynia when administered spinally (IT) or peripherally (intraplantar in the paw, IPLT) in a hyperalgesic priming model, similar to others observations with the cyclooxygenase (COX) metabolite Prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ). Surprisingly, we did not detect hyperalgesic priming following IT administration of LPS, indicating that this phenomenon likely requires peripheral activation of nociceptors. Collectively, these data suggest that 12/15-LOX enzymes contribute to neuropathic-like pain hypersensitivity in rodents, with potential translatability as druggable targets across sexes and species using multiple reflexive and non-reflexive outcome measures.
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20
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Kim H, Kim E. Genetic background determines synaptic phenotypes in Arid1b-mutant mice. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1341348. [PMID: 38516548 PMCID: PMC10954804 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1341348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
ARID1B, a chromatin remodeler, is strongly implicated in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Two previous studies on Arid1b-mutant mice with the same exon 5 deletion in different genetic backgrounds revealed distinct synaptic phenotypes underlying the behavioral abnormalities: The first paper reported decreased inhibitory synaptic transmission in layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) region of the heterozygous Arid1b-mutant (Arid1b+/-) brain without changes in excitatory synaptic transmission. In the second paper, in contrast, we did not observe any inhibitory synaptic change in layer 5 mPFC pyramidal neurons, but instead saw decreased excitatory synaptic transmission in layer 2/3 mPFC pyramidal neurons without any inhibitory synaptic change. In the present report, we show that when we changed the genetic background of Arid1b+/- mice from C57BL/6 N to C57BL/6 J, to mimic the mutant mice of the first paper, we observed both the decreased inhibitory synaptic transmission in layer 5 mPFC pyramidal neurons reported in the first paper, and the decreased excitatory synaptic transmission in mPFC layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons reported in the second paper. These results suggest that genetic background can be a key determinant of the inhibitory synaptic phenotype in Arid1b-mutant mice while having minimal effects on the excitatory synaptic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyosang Kim
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjoon Kim
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technolgoy (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Bakhshalizadeh S, Bird AD, Sreenivasan R, Bell KM, Robevska G, van den Bergen J, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Kueh AJ, Touraine P, Lokchine A, Jaillard S, Ayers KL, Wilhelm D, Sinclair AH, Tucker EJ. A Human Homozygous HELQ Missense Variant Does Not Cause Premature Ovarian Insufficiency in a Mouse Model. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:333. [PMID: 38540391 PMCID: PMC10970702 DOI: 10.3390/genes15030333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Disruption of meiosis and DNA repair genes is associated with female fertility disorders like premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). In this study, we identified a homozygous missense variant in the HELQ gene (c.596 A>C; p.Gln199Pro) through whole exome sequencing in a POI patient, a condition associated with disrupted ovarian function and female infertility. HELQ, an enzyme involved in DNA repair, plays a crucial role in repairing DNA cross-links and has been linked to germ cell maintenance, fertility, and tumour suppression in mice. To explore the potential association of the HELQ variant with POI, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to create a knock-in mouse model harbouring the equivalent of the human HELQ variant identified in the POI patient. Surprisingly, Helq knock-in mice showed no discernible phenotype, with fertility levels, histological features, and follicle development similar to wild-type mice. Despite the lack of observable effects in mice, the potential role of HELQ in human fertility, especially in the context of POI, should not be dismissed. Larger studies encompassing diverse ethnic populations and alternative functional approaches will be necessary to further examine the role of HELQ in POI. Our results underscore the potential uncertainties associated with genomic variants and the limitations of in vivo animal modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Bakhshalizadeh
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (S.B.); (R.S.); (K.M.B.); (G.R.); (J.v.d.B.); (K.L.A.); (A.H.S.)
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Anthony D. Bird
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (A.D.B.); (D.W.)
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular & Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Rajini Sreenivasan
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (S.B.); (R.S.); (K.M.B.); (G.R.); (J.v.d.B.); (K.L.A.); (A.H.S.)
| | - Katrina M. Bell
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (S.B.); (R.S.); (K.M.B.); (G.R.); (J.v.d.B.); (K.L.A.); (A.H.S.)
| | - Gorjana Robevska
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (S.B.); (R.S.); (K.M.B.); (G.R.); (J.v.d.B.); (K.L.A.); (A.H.S.)
| | - Jocelyn van den Bergen
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (S.B.); (R.S.); (K.M.B.); (G.R.); (J.v.d.B.); (K.L.A.); (A.H.S.)
| | - Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi
- Biostatistics Unit, School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia;
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Kueh
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Philippe Touraine
- Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Pitie Salpetriere Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne University Medicine, 75013 Paris, France;
| | - Anna Lokchine
- IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), INSERM/EHESP/Univ Rennes/CHU Rennes–UMR_S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France; (A.L.); (S.J.)
- CHU Rennes, Service de Cytogénétique et Biologie Cellulaire, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Sylvie Jaillard
- IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), INSERM/EHESP/Univ Rennes/CHU Rennes–UMR_S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France; (A.L.); (S.J.)
- CHU Rennes, Service de Cytogénétique et Biologie Cellulaire, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Katie L. Ayers
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (S.B.); (R.S.); (K.M.B.); (G.R.); (J.v.d.B.); (K.L.A.); (A.H.S.)
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Dagmar Wilhelm
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (A.D.B.); (D.W.)
| | - Andrew H. Sinclair
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (S.B.); (R.S.); (K.M.B.); (G.R.); (J.v.d.B.); (K.L.A.); (A.H.S.)
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Elena J. Tucker
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; (S.B.); (R.S.); (K.M.B.); (G.R.); (J.v.d.B.); (K.L.A.); (A.H.S.)
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
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Jutzeler KS, LeClec'h W, Chevalier FD, Anderson TJC. Contribution of parasite and host genotype to immunopathology of schistosome infections. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3858151. [PMID: 38313261 PMCID: PMC10836121 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3858151/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Background The role of pathogen genotype in determining disease severity and immunopathology has been studied intensively in microbial pathogens including bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses, but is poorly understood in parasitic helminths. The medically important blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni is an excellent model system to study the impact of helminth genetic variation on immunopathology. Our laboratory has demonstrated that laboratory schistosome populations differ in sporocyst growth and cercarial production in the intermediate snail host and worm establishment and fecundity in the vertebrate host. Here, we (i) investigate the hypothesis that schistosome genotype plays a significant role in immunopathology and related parasite life history traits in the vertebrate mouse host and (ii) quantify the relative impact of parasite and host genetics on infection outcomes. Methods We infected BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice with four different laboratory schistosome populations from Africa and the Americas. We quantified disease progression in the vertebrate host by measuring body weight and complete blood count (CBC) with differential over an infection period of 12 weeks. On sacrifice, we assessed parasitological (egg and worm counts, fecundity), immunopathological (organ measurements and histopathology), and immunological (CBC with differential and cytokine profiles) characteristics to determine the impact of parasite and host genetics. Results We found significant variation between parasite populations in worm numbers, fecundity, liver and intestine egg counts, liver and spleen weight, and fibrotic area, but not in granuloma size. Variation in organ weight was explained by egg burden and by intrinsic parasite factors independent of egg burden. We found significant variation between infected mouse lines in cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α), eosinophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts. Conclusions This study showed that both parasite and host genotype impact the outcome of infection. While host genotype explains most of the variation in immunological traits, parasite genotype explains most of the variation in parasitological traits, and both host and parasite genotype impact immunopathology outcomes.
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JUTZELER KS, CLEC’H WLE, CHEVALIER FD, ANDERSON TJ. Contribution of parasite and host genotype to immunopathology of schistosome infections. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.12.574230. [PMID: 38260613 PMCID: PMC10802613 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.12.574230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Background The role of pathogen genotype in determining disease severity and immunopathology has been studied intensively in microbial pathogens including bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses, but is poorly understood in parasitic helminths. The medically important blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni is an excellent model system to study the impact of helminth genetic variation on immunopathology. Our laboratory has demonstrated that laboratory schistosome populations differ in sporocyst growth and cercarial production in the intermediate snail host and worm establishment and fecundity in the vertebrate host. Here, we (i) investigate the hypothesis that schistosome genotype plays a significant role in immunopathology and related parasite life history traits in the vertebrate mouse host and (ii) quantify the relative impact of parasite and host genetics on infection outcomes. Methods We infected BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice with four different laboratory schistosome populations from Africa and the Americas. We quantified disease progression in the vertebrate host by measuring body weight and complete blood count (CBC) with differential over an infection period of 12 weeks. On sacrifice, we assessed parasitological (egg and worm counts, fecundity), immunopathological (organ measurements and histopathology), and immunological (CBC with differential and cytokine profiles) characteristics to determine the impact of parasite and host genetics. Results We found significant variation between parasite populations in worm numbers, fecundity, liver and intestine egg counts, liver and spleen weight, and fibrotic area, but not in granuloma size. Variation in organ weight was explained by egg burden and by intrinsic parasite factors independent of egg burden. We found significant variation between infected mouse lines in cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α), eosinophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts. Conclusions This study showed that both parasite and host genotype impact the outcome of infection. While host genotype explains most of the variation in immunological traits, parasite genotype explains most of the variation in parasitological traits, and both host and parasite genotype impact immunopathology outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin S. JUTZELER
- Host Parasite Interaction program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, P.O. Box 760549, 78245 San Antonio, Texas, USA
- UT Health, Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, San Antonio, TX 78229
| | - Winka LE CLEC’H
- Host Parasite Interaction program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, P.O. Box 760549, 78245 San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Frédéric D. CHEVALIER
- Host Parasite Interaction program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, P.O. Box 760549, 78245 San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Timothy J.C. ANDERSON
- Disease Intervention and Prevention program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, P.O. Box 760549, 78245 San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Papaioannou VE, Behringer RR. Strategies for Maintaining Mouse Mutations. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2024; 2024:107960. [PMID: 37932086 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.over107960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Rules for naming a new mutation are provided. The majority of new mutations are recessive and thus easily maintained in a mouse strain. Considerations on the choice of genetic background are given, depending on how the mutant was produced and how you intend to analyze it. General information on maintaining a mutant colony to perpetuate the mutation and to efficiently produce homozygous mutant mice for analysis is provided. Also discussed are special breeding techniques to delete a selection cassette in vivo, if you produced the mutation in embryonic stem (ES) cells, and to maintain a mutant with a balancer chromosome. In the event of either male or female infertility in the heterozygotes, assisted reproductive techniques may be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia E Papaioannou
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Richard R Behringer
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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25
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He Q, Sun C, Pan Y. Whole‑exome sequencing reveals Lewis lung carcinoma is a hypermutated Kras/Nras-mutant cancer with extensive regional mutation clusters in its genome. Sci Rep 2024; 14:100. [PMID: 38167599 PMCID: PMC10762126 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50703-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC), as a widely used preclinical cancer model, has still not been genetically and genomically characterized. Here, we performed a whole-exome sequencing analysis on the LLC cell line to elucidate its molecular characteristics and etiologies. Our data showed that LLC originated from a male mouse belonging to C57BL/6L (a transitional strain between C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N) and contains substantial somatic SNV and InDel mutations (> 20,000). Extensive regional mutation clusters are present in its genome, which were caused mainly by the mutational processes underlying the SBS1, SBS5, SBS15, SBS17a, and SBS21 signatures during frequent structural rearrangements. Thirty three deleterious mutations are present in 30 cancer genes including Kras, Nras, Trp53, Dcc, and Cacna1d. Cdkn2a and Cdkn2b are biallelically deleted from the genome. Five pathways (RTK/RAS, p53, cell cycle, TGFB, and Hippo) are oncogenically deregulated or affected. The major mutational processes in LLC include chromosomal instability, exposure to metabolic mutagens, spontaneous 5-methylcytosine deamination, defective DNA mismatch repair, and reactive oxygen species. Our data also suggest that LLC is a lung cancer similar to human lung adenocarcinoma. This study lays a molecular basis for the more targeted application of LLC in preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan He
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cuirong Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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Meza Guzman LG, Hyland CD, Bidgood GM, Leong E, Shen Z, Goh W, Rautela J, Vince JE, Nicholson SE, Huntington ND. CD45 limits early Natural Killer cell development. Immunol Cell Biol 2024; 102:58-70. [PMID: 37855066 PMCID: PMC10952700 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The clinical development of Natural Killer (NK) cell-mediated immunotherapy marks a milestone in the development of new cancer therapies and has gained traction due to the intrinsic ability of the NK cell to target and kill tumor cells. To fully harness the tumor killing ability of NK cells, we need to improve NK cell persistence and to overcome suppression of NK cell activation in the tumor microenvironment. The trans-membrane, protein tyrosine phosphatase CD45, regulates NK cell homeostasis, with the genetic loss of CD45 in mice resulting in increased numbers of mature NK cells. This suggests that CD45-deficient NK cells might display enhanced persistence following adoptive transfer. However, we demonstrate here that adoptive transfer of CD45-deficiency did not enhance NK cell persistence in mice, and instead, the homeostatic disturbance of NK cells in CD45-deficient mice stemmed from a developmental defect in the progenitor population. The enhanced maturation within the CD45-deficient NK cell compartment was intrinsic to the NK cell lineage, and independent of the developmental defect. CD45 is not a conventional immune checkpoint candidate, as systemic loss is detrimental to T and B cell development, compromising the adaptive immune system. Nonetheless, this study suggests that inhibition of CD45 in progenitor or stem cell populations may improve the yield of in vitro generated NK cells for adoptive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizeth G Meza Guzman
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleVICAustralia
- Department of Medical BiologyThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Craig D Hyland
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Grace M Bidgood
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleVICAustralia
- Department of Medical BiologyThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Evelyn Leong
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Zihan Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Wilford Goh
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Jai Rautela
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - James E Vince
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Sandra E Nicholson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleVICAustralia
- Department of Medical BiologyThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Nicholas D Huntington
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
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Ho PY, Koh YC, Lu TJ, Liao PL, Pan MH. Purple Napiergrass ( Pennisetum purpureum Schumach) Hot Water Extracts Ameliorate High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Metabolic Disorders in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:20701-20712. [PMID: 38088361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Purple Pennisetum (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach), a hybrid between Taihucao No. 2 and the local wild species of purple Pennisetum, has dark red stems and leaves due to its anthocyanin content. This study explores the potential of purple napiergrass extracts (PNE) in alleviating obesity and metabolic disorders induced by a high-fat diet in mice, where 50% of the caloric content is derived from fat. Mice were orally administered low-dose or high-dose PNE alongside a high-fat diet. Experimental findings indicate that PNE attenuated weight gain, reduced liver, and adipose tissue weight, and lowered blood cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and blood sugar levels. Stained sections showed that PNE inhibited lipid accumulation and fat hypertrophy in the liver. Immunoblotting analysis suggested that PNE improved the inflammatory response associated with obesity, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia induced by a high-fat diet. Furthermore, PNE potentially functions as a PPAR-γ agonist, increasing the adiponectin (ADIPOQ) concentration and suppressing inflammatory factors, while elevating the anti-inflammatory factor interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the liver. PNE-treated mice showed enhanced activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways and increased fatty acid oxidation and liver lipolysis. In conclusion, this study elucidated the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory, PI3K/Akt, and AMPK pathways in a high-fat diet-induced obesity model. These findings highlight the potential of PNE in reducing weight, inhibiting inflammation, and improving blood sugar and lipid levels, showing the potential for addressing obesity-related metabolic disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Yu Ho
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan ROC
| | - Yen-Chun Koh
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan ROC
| | - Ting-Jang Lu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan ROC
| | - Po-Lin Liao
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University-Yangming Campus, 155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221 Taiwan ROC
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan ROC
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan ROC
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, ROC
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28
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Hullahalli K, Dailey KG, Hasegawa Y, Torres E, Suzuki M, Zhang H, Threadgill DW, Navarro VM, Waldor MK. Genetic and immune determinants of E. coli liver abscess formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2310053120. [PMID: 38096412 PMCID: PMC10743367 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310053120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic infections can yield distinct outcomes in different tissues. In mice, intravenous inoculation of Escherichia coli leads to bacterial replication within liver abscesses, while other organs such as the spleen clear the pathogen. Abscesses are macroscopic necrotic regions that comprise the vast majority of the bacterial burden in the animal, yet little is known about the processes underlying their formation. Here, we characterize E. coli liver abscesses and identify host determinants of abscess susceptibility. Spatial transcriptomics revealed that liver abscesses are associated with heterogenous immune cell clusters comprised of macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, innate lymphoid cells, and T-cells that surround necrotic regions of the liver. Abscess susceptibility is heightened in the C57BL lineage, particularly in C57BL/6N females. Backcross analyses demonstrated that abscess susceptibility is a polygenic trait inherited in a sex-dependent manner without direct linkage to sex chromosomes. As early as 1 d post infection, the magnitude of E. coli replication in the liver distinguishes abscess-susceptible and abscess-resistant strains of mice, suggesting that the immune pathways that regulate abscess formation are induced within hours. We characterized the early hepatic response with single-cell RNA sequencing and found that mice with reduced activation of early inflammatory responses, such as those lacking the LPS receptor TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4), are resistant to abscess formation. Experiments with barcoded E. coli revealed that TLR4 mediates a tradeoff between abscess formation and bacterial clearance. Together, our findings define hallmarks of E. coli liver abscess formation and suggest that hyperactivation of the hepatic innate immune response drives liver abscess susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Hullahalli
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
| | - Katherine G. Dailey
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
| | - Yuko Hasegawa
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
| | - Encarnacion Torres
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Masataka Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
| | - Hailong Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
| | - David W. Threadgill
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX76549
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX76549
| | - Victor M. Navarro
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
| | - Matthew K. Waldor
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
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Kader L, Willits A, Meriano S, Christianson JA, La JH, Feng B, Knight B, Kosova G, Deberry J, Coates M, Hyams J, Baumbauer K, Young EE. Identification of arginine-vasopressin receptor 1a (Avpr1a/AVPR1A) as a novel candidate gene for chronic visceral pain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.19.572390. [PMID: 38187732 PMCID: PMC10769202 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.19.572390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Chronic abdominal pain in the absence of ongoing disease is the hallmark of disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBIs), including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). While the etiology of DGBIs remains poorly understood, there is evidence that both genetic and environmental factors play a role. In this study, we report the identification and validation of Avpr1a as a novel candidate gene for visceral hypersensitivity (VH), a primary peripheral mechanism underlying abdominal pain in DGBI/IBS. Comparing two C57BL/6 (BL/6) substrains (C57BL/6NTac and C57BL/6J) revealed differential susceptibility to the development of chronic VH following intrarectal zymosan (ZYM) instillation, a validated preclinical model for post-inflammatory IBS. Using whole genome sequencing, we identified a SNP differentiating the two strains in the 5' intergenic region upstream of Avpr1a, encoding the protein arginine-vasopressin receptor 1A (AVPR1A). We used behavioral, histological, and molecular approaches to identify distal colon-specific gene expression differences and neuronal hyperresponsiveness covarying with Avpr1a genotype and VH susceptibility. While the two BL/6 substrains did not differ across other gastrointestinal (GI) phenotypes (e.g., GI motility), VH-susceptible BL/6NTac mice had higher colonic Avpr1a mRNA and protein expression. Moreover, neurons of the enteric nervous system were hyperresponsive to the AVPR1A agonist AVP, suggesting a role for enteric neurons in the pathology underlying VH. These results parallel our findings that patients' colonic Avpr1a mRNA expression was higher in patients with higher pain ratings. Taken together, these findings implicate differential regulation of Avpr1a as a novel mechanism of VH-susceptibility as well as a potential therapeutic target specific to VH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Kader
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Perioperative Medicine, KU Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, KU Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Adam Willits
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Perioperative Medicine, KU Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, KU Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Sebastian Meriano
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Perioperative Medicine, KU Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, KU Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Julie A. Christianson
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, KU Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Jun-Ho La
- Department of Neurobiology, University of University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Bin Feng
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Brittany Knight
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | | | - Jennifer Deberry
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Matthew Coates
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Jeffrey Hyams
- Department of Gastroenterology, Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Hartford, CT
| | - Kyle Baumbauer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Perioperative Medicine, KU Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, KU Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Erin E. Young
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain, and Perioperative Medicine, KU Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, KU Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, KU Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
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30
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Tallon C, Bell BJ, Malvankar MM, Deme P, Nogueras-Ortiz C, Eren E, Thomas AG, Hollinger KR, Pal A, Mustapic M, Huang M, Coleman K, Joe TR, Rais R, Haughey NJ, Kapogiannis D, Slusher BS. Inhibiting tau-induced elevated nSMase2 activity and ceramides is therapeutic in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:56. [PMID: 38049923 PMCID: PMC10694940 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00383-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with hyperphosphorylated tau (pTau) propagation between neurons along synaptically connected networks, in part via extracellular vesicles (EVs). EV biogenesis is triggered by ceramide enrichment at the plasma membrane from neutral sphingomyelinase2 (nSMase2)-mediated cleavage of sphingomyelin. We report, for the first time, that human tau expression elevates brain ceramides and nSMase2 activity. METHODS To determine the therapeutic benefit of inhibiting this elevation, we evaluated PDDC, the first potent, selective, orally bioavailable, and brain-penetrable nSMase2 inhibitor in the transgenic PS19 AD mouse model. Additionally, we directly evaluated the effect of PDDC on tau propagation in a mouse model where an adeno-associated virus (AAV) encoding P301L/S320F double mutant human tau was stereotaxically-injected unilaterally into the hippocampus. The contralateral transfer of the double mutant human tau to the dentate gyrus was monitored. We examined ceramide levels, histopathological changes, and pTau content within EVs isolated from the mouse plasma. RESULTS Similar to human AD, the PS19 mice exhibited increased brain ceramide levels and nSMase2 activity; both were completely normalized by PDDC treatment. The PS19 mice also exhibited elevated tau immunostaining, thinning of hippocampal neuronal cell layers, increased mossy fiber synaptophysin immunostaining, and glial activation, all of which were pathologic features of human AD. PDDC treatment reduced these changes. The plasma of PDDC-treated PS19 mice had reduced levels of neuronal- and microglial-derived EVs, the former carrying lower pTau levels, compared to untreated mice. In the tau propagation model, PDDC normalized the tau-induced increase in brain ceramides and significantly reduced the amount of tau propagation to the contralateral side. CONCLUSIONS PDDC is a first-in-class therapeutic candidate that normalizes elevated brain ceramides and nSMase2 activity, leading to the slowing of tau spread in AD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Tallon
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Benjamin J Bell
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Medhinee M Malvankar
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Pragney Deme
- Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Carlos Nogueras-Ortiz
- Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Ste 8C228, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Erden Eren
- Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Ste 8C228, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Ajit G Thomas
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Kristen R Hollinger
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Arindom Pal
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Maja Mustapic
- Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Ste 8C228, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Meixiang Huang
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Kaleem Coleman
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Tawnjerae R Joe
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Rana Rais
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Norman J Haughey
- Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 N. Wolfe Street, Rangos 278, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Pathology 517, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| | - Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Intramural Research Program, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Ste 8C228, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| | - Barbara S Slusher
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 N. Wolfe Street, Rangos 278, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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31
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Laubreton D, Djebali S, Angleraux C, Chain B, Dubois M, Henry F, Leverrier Y, Teixeira M, Markossian S, Marvel J. Generation of a C57BL/6J mouse strain expressing the CD45.1 epitope to improve hematopoietic stem cell engraftment and adoptive cell transfer experiments. Lab Anim (NY) 2023; 52:324-331. [PMID: 38017180 DOI: 10.1038/s41684-023-01275-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive cell transfer between genetically identical hosts relies on the use of a congenic marker to distinguish the donor cells from the host cells. CD45, a glycoprotein expressed by all hematopoietic cells, is one of the main congenic markers used because its two isoforms, CD45.1 and CD45.2, can be discriminated by flow cytometry. As a consequence, C57BL/6J (B6; CD45.2) and B6.SJL-Ptprca Pepcb/BoyJ (B6.SJL; CD45.1) mice are widely used in adoptive cell transfer experiments, under the presumption that they differ only at the CD45 (Ptprc) locus. However, recent studies have identified genetic variations between these congenic strains and have notably highlighted a differential expression of cathepsin E (CTSE). The B6.SJL mouse presents a number of functional differences in hematopoietic stem cell engraftment potential and immune cell numbers compared with the B6 mouse. In this study, we showed that B6 and B6.SJL mice also differ in their CD8+ T cell compartment and CD8+ T cell responses to viral infection. We identified Ctse as the most differentially expressed gene between CD8+ T cells of B6 and B6.SJL and demonstrated that the differences reported between these two mouse strains are not due to CTSE. Finally, using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, we generated a CD45.1-expressing B6 mouse by inserting one nucleotide mutation (A904G) leading to an amino acid change (K302E) in the Ptprc gene of the B6 mouse. We showed that this new B6-Ptprcem(K302E)Jmar/J mouse resolves the experimental biases reported between the B6 and B6.SJL mouse lines and should thus represent the new gold standard for adoptive cell transfer experiments in B6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphné Laubreton
- CIRI, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sophia Djebali
- CIRI, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Céline Angleraux
- SFR BioSciences, Plateau de Biologie Expérimentale de la Souris (AniRA-PBES), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UAR3444, INSERM US8, Lyon, France
| | - Benny Chain
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Maxence Dubois
- CIRI, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Farida Henry
- SFR BioSciences, Plateau de Biologie Expérimentale de la Souris (AniRA-PBES), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UAR3444, INSERM US8, Lyon, France
| | - Yann Leverrier
- CIRI, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marie Teixeira
- SFR BioSciences, Plateau de Biologie Expérimentale de la Souris (AniRA-PBES), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UAR3444, INSERM US8, Lyon, France
| | - Suzy Markossian
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, INRAE USC 1370, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Jacqueline Marvel
- CIRI, INSERM U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5308, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
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32
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Gurczynski SJ, Lipinski JH, Strauss J, Alam S, Huffnagle GB, Ranjan P, Kennedy LH, Moore BB, O’Dwyer DN. Horizontal transmission of gut microbiota attenuates mortality in lung fibrosis. JCI Insight 2023; 9:e164572. [PMID: 38015634 PMCID: PMC10911107 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.164572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic and often fatal disease. The pathogenesis is characterized by aberrant repair of lung parenchyma, resulting in loss of physiological homeostasis, respiratory failure, and death. The immune response in pulmonary fibrosis is dysregulated. The gut microbiome is a key regulator of immunity. The role of the gut microbiome in regulating the pulmonary immunity in lung fibrosis is poorly understood. Here, we determine the impact of gut microbiota on pulmonary fibrosis in substrains of C57BL/6 mice derived from different vendors (C57BL/6J and C57BL/6NCrl). We used germ-free models, fecal microbiota transplantation, and cohousing to transmit gut microbiota. Metagenomic studies of feces established keystone species between substrains. Pulmonary fibrosis was microbiota dependent in C57BL/6 mice. Gut microbiota were distinct by β diversity and α diversity. Mortality and lung fibrosis were attenuated in C57BL/6NCrl mice. Elevated CD4+IL-10+ T cells and lower IL-6 occurred in C57BL/6NCrl mice. Horizontal transmission of microbiota by cohousing attenuated mortality in C57BL/6J mice and promoted a transcriptionally altered pulmonary immunity. Temporal changes in lung and gut microbiota demonstrated that gut microbiota contributed largely to immunological phenotype. Key regulatory gut microbiota contributed to lung fibrosis, generating rationale for human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jay H. Lipinski
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Joshua Strauss
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Shafiul Alam
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Gary B. Huffnagle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Piyush Ranjan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lucy H. Kennedy
- Unit for Laboratory and Animal Medicine, Office of Research, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bethany B. Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - David N. O’Dwyer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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33
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Doktor F, Figueira RL, Khalaj K, Ijaz A, Lacher M, Blundell M, Antounians L, Zani A. Characterization of the congenital diaphragmatic hernia model in C57BL/6J fetal mice: a step toward lineage tracing experiments. Pediatr Surg Int 2023; 39:296. [PMID: 37981587 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-023-05583-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lineage tracing is key to study the fate of individual cells and their progeny especially in developmental biology. To conduct these studies, we aimed to establish a reproducible model of CDH in the most commonly used genetic background strain that is C57BL/6J mice. METHODS CDH was induced in C57BL/6J dams by maternal administration of nitrofen + bisdiamine at E8.5. Fetuses from olive oil-gavaged mothers served as controls. Lungs from CDH and control fetuses were compared for (1) growth via radial airspace count (RAC), mean linear intercept (MLI) and gene expression for Fgf10, Nrp1, and Ctnnb1; (2) maturation (Pdpn, Spc, Ager, Abca3, Eln, Acta2, Pdgfra) via gene and protein expression; (3) vascularization via gene and protein expression (CD31, Vegfa, Vegfr1/2, Epas1, Enos). STATISTICS unpaired t-test or Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS Nitrofen + bisdiamine administration resulted in 36% left-sided CDH (31% mortality). CDH fetuses had hypoplastic lungs and impaired growth (lower RAC, higher MLI, lower Fgf10, Nrp1, Ctnnb1), maturation (decreased Pdpn, Ager, Eln gene expression), and vascularization (decreased Cd31, Vegfr1/2; Epas1 and Enos). Lower protein expression was confirmed for PDPN, ELN and CD31. CONCLUSION Modeling CDH in C57BL/6J mouse fetuses is effective in reproducing the classical CDH hallmarks. This model will be critical for lineage tracing experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Doktor
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Leipzig, 04109, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rebeca Lopes Figueira
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Kasra Khalaj
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Aizah Ijaz
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Martin Lacher
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Leipzig, 04109, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matisse Blundell
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Lina Antounians
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Augusto Zani
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada.
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 1P5, Canada.
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34
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Acri DJ, You Y, Tate MD, Karahan H, Martinez P, McCord B, Sharify AD, John S, Kim B, Dabin LC, Philtjens S, Wijeratne HS, McCray TJ, Smith DC, Bissel SJ, Lamb BT, Lasagna-Reeves CA, Kim J. Network analysis identifies strain-dependent response to tau and tau seeding-associated genes. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20230180. [PMID: 37606887 PMCID: PMC10443211 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research demonstrated that genetic heterogeneity is a critical factor in modeling amyloid accumulation and other Alzheimer's disease phenotypes. However, it is unknown what mechanisms underlie these effects of genetic background on modeling tau aggregate-driven pathogenicity. In this study, we induced tau aggregation in wild-derived mice by expressing MAPT. To investigate the effect of genetic background on the action of tau aggregates, we performed RNA sequencing with brains of C57BL/6J, CAST/EiJ, PWK/PhJ, and WSB/EiJ mice (n = 64) and determined core transcriptional signature conserved in all genetic backgrounds and signature unique to wild-derived backgrounds. By measuring tau seeding activity using the cortex, we identified 19 key genes associated with tau seeding and amyloid response. Interestingly, microglial pathways were strongly associated with tau seeding activity in CAST/EiJ and PWK/PhJ backgrounds. Collectively, our study demonstrates that mouse genetic context affects tau-mediated alteration of transcriptome and tau seeding. The gene modules associated with tau seeding provide an important resource to better model tauopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic J. Acri
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana UniversitySchool of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Medical Neuroscience Graduate Program, Indiana UniversitySchool of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yanwen You
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana UniversitySchool of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana UniversitySchool of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mason D. Tate
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana UniversitySchool of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Medical Neuroscience Graduate Program, Indiana UniversitySchool of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hande Karahan
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana UniversitySchool of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana UniversitySchool of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Pablo Martinez
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana UniversitySchool of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Brianne McCord
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana UniversitySchool of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana UniversitySchool of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - A. Daniel Sharify
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana UniversitySchool of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana UniversitySchool of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sutha John
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana UniversitySchool of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana UniversitySchool of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Byungwook Kim
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana UniversitySchool of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana UniversitySchool of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Luke C. Dabin
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana UniversitySchool of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana UniversitySchool of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Stéphanie Philtjens
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana UniversitySchool of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana UniversitySchool of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - H.R. Sagara Wijeratne
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana UniversitySchool of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana UniversitySchool of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tyler J. McCray
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana UniversitySchool of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Medical Neuroscience Graduate Program, Indiana UniversitySchool of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Daniel C. Smith
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana UniversitySchool of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Medical Neuroscience Graduate Program, Indiana UniversitySchool of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Stephanie J. Bissel
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana UniversitySchool of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana UniversitySchool of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Bruce T. Lamb
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana UniversitySchool of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana UniversitySchool of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Cristian A. Lasagna-Reeves
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana UniversitySchool of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana UniversitySchool of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana UniversitySchool of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jungsu Kim
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana UniversitySchool of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana UniversitySchool of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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35
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Sundberg JP, Rice RH. Phenotyping mice with skin, hair, or nail abnormalities: A systematic approach and methodologies from simple to complex. Vet Pathol 2023; 60:829-842. [PMID: 37191004 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231170329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The skin and adnexa can be difficult to interpret because they change dramatically with the hair cycle throughout life. However, a variety of methods are commonly available to collect skin and perform assays that can be useful for figuring out morphological and molecular changes. This overview provides information on basic approaches to evaluate skin and its molecular phenotype, with references for more detail, and interpretation of results on the skin and adnexa in the mouse. These approaches range from mouse genetic nomenclature, setting up a cutaneous phenotyping study, skin grafts, hair follicle reconstitution, wax stripping, electron microscopy, and Köbner reaction to very specific approaches such as lipid and protein analyses on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Sundberg
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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36
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Merges GE, Arévalo L, Kovacevic A, Lohanadan K, de Rooij DG, Simon C, Jokwitz M, Witke W, Schorle H. Actl7b deficiency leads to mislocalization of LC8 type dynein light chains and disruption of murine spermatogenesis. Development 2023; 150:dev201593. [PMID: 37800308 PMCID: PMC10652042 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Actin-related proteins (Arps) are classified according to their similarity to actin and are involved in diverse cellular processes. ACTL7B is a testis-specific Arp, and is highly conserved in rodents and primates. ACTL7B is specifically expressed in round and elongating spermatids during spermiogenesis. Here, we have generated an Actl7b-null allele in mice to unravel the role of ACTL7B in sperm formation. Male mice homozygous for the Actl7b-null allele (Actl7b-/-) were infertile, whereas heterozygous males (Actl7b+/-) were fertile. Severe spermatid defects, such as detached acrosomes, disrupted membranes and flagella malformations start to appear after spermiogenesis step 9 in Actl7b-/- mice, finally resulting in spermatogenic arrest. Abnormal spermatids were degraded and levels of autophagy markers were increased. Co-immunoprecipitation with mass spectrometry experiments identified an interaction between ACTL7B and the LC8 dynein light chains DYNLL1 and DYNLL2, which are first detected in step 9 spermatids and mislocalized when ACTL7B is absent. Our data unequivocally establish that mutations in ACTL7B are directly related to male infertility, pressing for additional research in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina E. Merges
- Department of Developmental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lena Arévalo
- Department of Developmental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andjela Kovacevic
- Department of Developmental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Keerthika Lohanadan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dirk G. de Rooij
- Reproductive Biology Group, Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carla Simon
- Cell Migration Unit, Institute of Genetics, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Melanie Jokwitz
- Cell Migration Unit, Institute of Genetics, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Walter Witke
- Cell Migration Unit, Institute of Genetics, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Hubert Schorle
- Department of Developmental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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37
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Gao G, Chen M, Mo R, Li N, Xu Y, Lu Y. Linking New Alleles at the Oscillator Loci to Flowering and Expansion of Asian Rice. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2027. [PMID: 38002970 PMCID: PMC10671530 DOI: 10.3390/genes14112027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The central oscillator is believed to be the key mechanism by which plants adapt to new environments. However, impacts from hybridization, the natural environment, and human selection have rarely been assessed on the oscillator of a crop. Here, from clearly identified alleles at oscillator loci (OsCCA1/LHY, OsPRR95, OsPRR37, OsPRR59, and OsPRR1) in ten diverse genomes of Oryza sativa, additional accessions, and functional analysis, we show that rice's oscillator was rebuilt primarily by new alleles from recombining parental sequences and subsequent 5' or/and coding mutations. New alleles may exhibit altered transcript levels from that of a parental allele and are transcribed variably among genetic backgrounds and natural environments in RIL lines. Plants carrying more expressed OsCCA1_a and less transcribed OsPRR1_e flower early in the paddy field. 5' mutations are instrumental in varied transcription, as shown by EMSA tests on one deletion at the 5' region of highly transcribed OsPRR1_a. Compared to relatively balanced mutations at oscillator loci of Arabidopsis thaliana, 5' mutations of OsPRR37 (and OsCCA1 to a less degree) were under negative selection while those of OsPRR1 alleles were under strong positive selection. Together, range expansion of Asian rice can be elucidated by human selection on OsPRR1 alleles via local flowering time-yield relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangtong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nan Xin Cun, Beijing 100093, China; (G.G.); (M.C.); (N.L.); (Y.X.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Maoxian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nan Xin Cun, Beijing 100093, China; (G.G.); (M.C.); (N.L.); (Y.X.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rong Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nan Xin Cun, Beijing 100093, China; (G.G.); (M.C.); (N.L.); (Y.X.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nan Xin Cun, Beijing 100093, China; (G.G.); (M.C.); (N.L.); (Y.X.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunzhang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nan Xin Cun, Beijing 100093, China; (G.G.); (M.C.); (N.L.); (Y.X.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Yingqing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nan Xin Cun, Beijing 100093, China; (G.G.); (M.C.); (N.L.); (Y.X.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Kondo H, Ono H, Hamano H, Sone-Asano K, Ohno T, Takeda K, Ochiai H, Matsumoto A, Takasaki A, Hiraga C, Kumagai J, Maezawa Y, Yokote K. Insulin Sensitivity Initially Worsens but Later Improves With Aging in Male C57BL/6N Mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:1785-1792. [PMID: 37205871 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is believed to induce insulin resistance in humans. However, when and how insulin sensitivity changes with aging remains unclear in both humans and mice. In this study, groups of male C57BL/6N mice at 9-19 weeks (young), 34-67 weeks (mature adult), 84-85 weeks (presenile), and 107-121 weeks of age underwent hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies with somatostatin infusion under awake and nonrestrained conditions. The glucose infusion rates for maintaining euglycemia were 18.4 ± 2.9, 5.9 ± 1.3, 20.3 ± 7.2, and 25.3 ± 4.4 mg/kg/min in young, mature adult, presenile, and aged mice, respectively. Thus, compared with young mice, mature adult mice exhibited the expected insulin resistance. In contrast, presenile and aged mice showed significantly higher insulin sensitivity than mature adult mice. These age-related changes were mainly observed in glucose uptake into adipose tissue and skeletal muscle (rates of glucose disappearance were 24.3 ± 2.0, 17.1 ± 1.0, 25.5 ± 5.2, and 31.8 ± 2.9 mg/kg/min in young, mature adult, presenile, and aged mice, respectively). Epididymal fat weight and hepatic triglyceride levels were higher in mature adult mice than those in young and aged mice. Our observations indicate that, in male C57BL/6N mice, insulin resistance appears at the mature adult stage of life but subsequently improves markedly. These alterations in insulin sensitivity are attributable to changes in visceral fat accumulations and age-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Kondo
- School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiraku Ono
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiiro Hamano
- School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kanako Sone-Asano
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ohno
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenji Takeda
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Ochiai
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ai Matsumoto
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takasaki
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chihiro Hiraga
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jin Kumagai
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Maezawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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Zhang Z. Generation of epitope tag knock-in mice with CRISPR-Cas9 to study the function of endogenous proteins. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102518. [PMID: 37585297 PMCID: PMC10436228 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying endogenous proteins in mice has provided numerous insights into the physiological and pathological roles of these proteins. However, the availability and specificity of protein-specific antibodies often limit such studies. Here we present a protocol for generating epitope tag knock-in mice with CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing. We discuss key considerations for tag selection and knock-in location and provide insights into CRISPR design. Subsequently, we outline the sequential steps involved in knock-in mouse generation, genotyping, and validation and explore potential applications. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Zhang et al. (2022).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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40
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Sil A, Souza Matos M, Delibegovic M, Platt B. How stra(i)nge are your controls? A comparative analysis of metabolic phenotypes in commonly used C57BL/6 substrains. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289472. [PMID: 37531359 PMCID: PMC10395817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, insufficiently characterised controls have been a contributing factor to irreproducibility in biomedical research including neuroscience and metabolism. There is now a growing awareness of phenotypic differences between the C57BL/6 substrains which are commonly used as control animals. We here investigated baseline metabolic characteristics such as glucose regulation, fasted serum insulin levels and hepatic insulin signalling in five different C57BL/6 substrains (N, J, JOla, JRcc) of both sexes, obtained from two commercial vendors, Charles River Laboratories (Crl) and Envigo (Env). Our results indicate systematic and tissue-specific differences between substrains, affected by both vendor and sex, in all parameters investigated, and not necessarily mediated by the presence of the NntC57BL/6J mutation. Not only were there differences between 6J and 6N as expected, all three 6J substrains exhibited different profiles, even from the same breeder. Two distinct metabolic profiles were identified, one in which low insulin levels resulted in impaired glucose clearance (6JCrl; both sexes) and the other, where sustained elevations in fasted basal insulin levels led to glucose intolerance (male 6JRccEnv). Further, 6JRccEnv displayed sex differences in both glucose clearance and hepatic insulin signalling markers. In comparison, the two 6N substrains of either sex, irrespective of vendor, did not exhibit considerable differences, with 6NCrl animals presenting a good choice as a healthy baseline 'control' for many types of experiments. Overall, our data emphasise the importance of selecting and characterising control subjects regarding background, sex, and supplier to ensure proper experimental outcomes in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annesha Sil
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Marina Souza Matos
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Mirela Delibegovic
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Bettina Platt
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, Foresterhill, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
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41
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Zhou S, Sosina OA, Bovijn J, Laurent L, Sharma V, Akbari P, Forgetta V, Jiang L, Kosmicki JA, Banerjee N, Morris JA, Oerton E, Jones M, LeBlanc MG, Idone V, Overton JD, Reid JG, Cantor M, Abecasis GR, Goltzman D, Greenwood CMT, Langenberg C, Baras A, Economides AN, Ferreira MAR, Hatsell S, Ohlsson C, Richards JB, Lotta LA. Converging evidence from exome sequencing and common variants implicates target genes for osteoporosis. Nat Genet 2023; 55:1277-1287. [PMID: 37558884 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01444-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we leveraged the combined evidence of rare coding variants and common alleles to identify therapeutic targets for osteoporosis. We undertook a large-scale multiancestry exome-wide association study for estimated bone mineral density, which showed that the burden of rare coding alleles in 19 genes was associated with estimated bone mineral density (P < 3.6 × 10-7). These genes were highly enriched for a set of known causal genes for osteoporosis (65-fold; P = 2.5 × 10-5). Exome-wide significant genes had 96-fold increased odds of being the top ranked effector gene at a given GWAS locus (P = 1.8 × 10-10). By integrating proteomics Mendelian randomization evidence, we prioritized CD109 (cluster of differentiation 109) as a gene for which heterozygous loss of function is associated with higher bone density. CRISPR-Cas9 editing of CD109 in SaOS-2 osteoblast-like cell lines showed that partial CD109 knockdown led to increased mineralization. This study demonstrates that the convergence of common and rare variants, proteomics and CRISPR can highlight new bone biology to guide therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirui Zhou
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Olukayode A Sosina
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Jonas Bovijn
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Laetitia Laurent
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vasundhara Sharma
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Parsa Akbari
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Vincenzo Forgetta
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Five Prime Sciences Inc, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Lai Jiang
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jack A Kosmicki
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Nilanjana Banerjee
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | - Erin Oerton
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marcus Jones
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Michelle G LeBlanc
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | - John D Overton
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey G Reid
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Michael Cantor
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Goncalo R Abecasis
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - David Goltzman
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Celia M T Greenwood
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aris Baras
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Aris N Economides
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Manuel A R Ferreira
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre of Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Drug Treatment, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J Brent Richards
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
- Five Prime Sciences Inc, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
- Department of Twin Research, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Luca A Lotta
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc, Tarrytown, NY, USA
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Hartmann MC, McCulley WD, Holbrook SE, Haney MM, Smith CG, Kumar V, Rosenwasser AM. Cyfip2 allelic variation in C57BL/6J and C57BL/6NJ mice alters free-choice ethanol drinking but not binge-like drinking or wheel-running activity. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 47:1518-1529. [PMID: 37356964 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the origin of the C57BL/6 (B6) mouse strain, several phenotypically and genetically distinct B6 substrains have emerged. For example, C57BL/6J mice (B6J) display greater voluntary ethanol consumption and locomotor response to psychostimulants and differences in nucleus accumbens synaptic physiology relative to C57BL/6N (B6N) mice. A non-synonymous serine to phenylalanine point mutation (S968F) in the cytoplasmic FMR1-interacting protein 2 (Cyfip2) gene underlies both the differential locomotor response to cocaine and the accumbal physiology exhibited by these substrains. We examined whether Cyfip2 allelic variation underlies B6 substrain differences in other reward-related phenotypes, such as ethanol intake and wheel-running activity. METHODS We compared voluntary ethanol consumption, wheel-running, and binge-like ethanol drinking in male and female B6J and B6NJ mice. When substrain differences were observed, additional experiments were performed in two novel mouse models in which the B6N Cyfip2 mutation was either introduced (S968F) into the B6J background or corrected (F968S) via CRISPR/Cas9 technology. RESULTS B6J consumed significantly more ethanol than B6NJ and allelic variation in Cyfip2 contributed substantially to this substrain difference. In contrast, B6NJ displayed significantly more daily wheel-running than B6J, with Cyfip2 allelic variation playing only a minor role in this substrain difference. Lastly, no substrain differences were observed in binge-like ethanol drinking. CONCLUSIONS These results contribute to the characterization of behavior-genetic differences between B6 substrains, support previous work indicating that free-choice and binge-like ethanol drinking are dependent on partially distinct genetic networks, and identify a novel phenotypic difference between B6 substrains in wheel-running activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Hartmann
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | | | - Sarah E Holbrook
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | - Megan M Haney
- Department of Psychology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Caitlin G Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | - Alan M Rosenwasser
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
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43
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Patel V, Sarkar P, Siegel DM, Teegala SB, Hirschberg PR, Wajid H, Itani O, Routh VH. The Antinarcolepsy Drug Modafinil Reverses Hypoglycemia Unawareness and Normalizes Glucose Sensing of Orexin Neurons in Male Mice. Diabetes 2023; 72:1144-1153. [PMID: 36525384 PMCID: PMC10382647 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Perifornical hypothalamus (PFH) orexin glucose-inhibited (GI) neurons that facilitate arousal have been implicated in hypoglycemia awareness. Mice lacking orexin exhibit narcolepsy, and orexin mediates the effect of the antinarcolepsy drug modafinil. Thus, hypoglycemia awareness may require a certain level of arousal for awareness of the sympathetic symptoms of hypoglycemia (e.g., tremors, anxiety). Recurrent hypoglycemia (RH) causes hypoglycemia unawareness. We hypothesize that RH impairs the glucose sensitivity of PFH orexin GI neurons and that modafinil normalizes glucose sensitivity of these neurons and restores hypoglycemia awareness after RH. Using patch-clamp recording, we found that RH enhanced glucose inhibition of PFH orexin GI neurons in male mice, thereby blunting activation of these neurons in low-glucose conditions. We then used a modified conditioned place preference behavioral test to demonstrate that modafinil reversed hypoglycemia unawareness in male mice after RH. Similarly, modafinil restored normal glucose sensitivity to PFH orexin GI neurons. We conclude that impaired glucose sensitivity of PFH orexin GI neurons plays a role in hypoglycemia unawareness and that normalizing their glucose sensitivity after RH is associated with restoration of hypoglycemia awareness. This suggests that the glucose sensitivity of PFH orexin GI neurons is a therapeutic target for preventing hypoglycemia unawareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwendra Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers – the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ
| | - Pallabi Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers – the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ
| | - Dashiel M. Siegel
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers – the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ
| | - Suraj B. Teegala
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers – the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ
| | - Pamela R. Hirschberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers – the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ
| | - Hamad Wajid
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers – the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ
| | - Omar Itani
- Federated Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology and Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ
| | - Vanessa H. Routh
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers – the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ
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44
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Singh PP, Benayoun BA. Considerations for reproducible omics in aging research. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:921-930. [PMID: 37386258 PMCID: PMC10527412 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00448-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Technical advancements over the past two decades have enabled the measurement of the panoply of molecules of cells and tissues including transcriptomes, epigenomes, metabolomes and proteomes at unprecedented resolution. Unbiased profiling of these molecular landscapes in the context of aging can reveal important details about mechanisms underlying age-related functional decline and age-related diseases. However, the high-throughput nature of these experiments creates unique analytical and design demands for robustness and reproducibility. In addition, 'omic' experiments are generally onerous, making it crucial to effectively design them to eliminate as many spurious sources of variation as possible as well as account for any biological or technical parameter that may influence such measures. In this Perspective, we provide general guidelines on best practices in the design and analysis of omic experiments in aging research from experimental design to data analysis and considerations for long-term reproducibility and validation of such studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Param Priya Singh
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Bakar Aging Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Bérénice A Benayoun
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Molecular and Computational Biology Department, USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- USC Stem Cell Initiative, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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45
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Tallon C, Bell BJ, Malvankar MM, Deme P, Nogueras-Ortiz C, Eren E, Thomas AG, Hollinger KR, Pal A, Mustapic M, Huang M, Coleman K, Joe TR, Rais R, Haughey NJ, Kapogiannis D, Slusher BS. Inhibiting tau-induced elevated nSMase2 activity and ceramides is therapeutic in murine Alzheimer's disease. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3131295. [PMID: 37502930 PMCID: PMC10371082 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3131295/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with prion-like tau propagation between neurons along synaptically connected networks, in part via extracellular vesicles (EV). EV biogenesis is triggered by ceramide enrichment at the plasma membrane from neutral sphingomyelinase2(nSMase2)-mediated cleavage of sphingomyelin. We report, for the first time, that tau expression triggers an elevation in brain ceramides and nSMase2 activity. Methods To determine the therapeutic benefit of inhibiting this elevation, we evaluated the efficacy of PDDC, the first potent, selective, orally bioavailable, and brain-penetrable nSMase2 inhibitor, in the PS19 tau transgenic AD murine model. Changes in brain ceramide and sphingomyelin levels, Tau content, histopathology, and nSMase2 target engagement were monitored, as well as changes in the number of brain-derived EVs in plasma and their Tau content. Additionally, we evaluated the ability of PDDC to impede tau propagation in a murine model where an adeno-associated virus(AAV) encoding for P301L/S320F double mutant human tau was stereotaxically-injected unilaterally into the hippocampus and the contralateral transfer to the dentate gyrus was monitored. Results Similar to human AD, PS19 mice exhibited increased brain ceramides and nSMase2 activity; both were completely normalized by PDDC treatment. PS19 mice exhibited elevated tau immunostaining, thinning of hippocampal neuronal cell layers, increased mossy fiber synaptophysin immunostaining, and glial activation, all pathologic features of human AD. PDDC treatment significantly attenuated these aberrant changes. Mouse plasma isolated from PDDC-treated PS19 mice exhibited reduced levels of neuron- and microglia-derived EVs, the former carrying lower phosphorylated Tau(pTau) levels, compared to untreated mice. In the AAV tau propagation model, PDDC normalized the tau-induced increase in brain ceramides and significantly decreased tau spreading to the contralateral side. Conclusions PDDC is a first-in-class therapeutic candidate that normalizes elevated brain ceramides and nSMase2 activity leading to the slowing of tau spread in AD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Erden Eren
- National Institute on Aging Laboratory of Clinical Investigation
| | | | | | | | - Maja Mustapic
- National Institute on Aging Laboratory of Clinical Investigation
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46
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Horakova O, Sistilli G, Kalendova V, Bardova K, Mitrovic M, Cajka T, Irodenko I, Janovska P, Lackner K, Kopecky J, Rossmeisl M. Thermoneutral housing promotes hepatic steatosis in standard diet-fed C57BL/6N mice, with a less pronounced effect on NAFLD progression upon high-fat feeding. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1205703. [PMID: 37501785 PMCID: PMC10369058 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1205703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can progress to more severe stages, such as steatohepatitis and fibrosis. Thermoneutral housing together with high-fat diet promoted NAFLD progression in C57BL/6J mice. Due to possible differences in steatohepatitis development between different C57BL/6 substrains, we examined how thermoneutrality affects NAFLD progression in C57BL/6N mice. Methods Male mice were fed standard or high-fat diet for 24 weeks and housed under standard (22°C) or thermoneutral (30°C) conditions. Results High-fat feeding promoted weight gain and hepatic steatosis, but the effect of thermoneutral environment was not evident. Liver expression of inflammatory markers was increased, with a modest and inconsistent effect of thermoneutral housing; however, histological scores of inflammation and fibrosis were generally low (<1.0), regardless of ambient temperature. In standard diet-fed mice, thermoneutrality increased weight gain, adiposity, and hepatic steatosis, accompanied by elevated de novo lipogenesis and changes in liver metabolome characterized by complex decreases in phospholipids and metabolites involved in urea cycle and oxidative stress defense. Conclusion Thermoneutrality appears to promote NAFLD-associated phenotypes depending on the C57BL/6 substrain and/or the amount of dietary fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Horakova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Gabriella Sistilli
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Veronika Kalendova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Kristina Bardova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marko Mitrovic
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomas Cajka
- Laboratory of Translational Metabolism, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ilaria Irodenko
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petra Janovska
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Karoline Lackner
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jan Kopecky
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Rossmeisl
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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47
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Shah R, van den Berk PCM, Pritchard CEJ, Song JY, Kreft M, Pilzecker B, Jacobs H. A C57BL/6J Fancg-KO Mouse Model Generated by CRISPR/Cas9 Partially Captures the Human Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11129. [PMID: 37446306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) develops due to a mutation in one of the FANC genes that are involved in the repair of interstrand crosslinks (ICLs). FANCG, a member of the FA core complex, is essential for ICL repair. Previous FANCG-deficient mouse models were generated with drug-based selection cassettes in mixed mice backgrounds, leading to a disparity in the interpretation of genotype-related phenotype. We created a Fancg-KO (KO) mouse model using CRISPR/Cas9 to exclude these confounders. The entire Fancg locus was targeted and maintained on the immunological well-characterized C57BL/6J background. The intercrossing of heterozygous mice resulted in sub-Mendelian numbers of homozygous mice, suggesting the loss of FANCG can be embryonically lethal. KO mice displayed infertility and hypogonadism, but no other developmental problems. Bone marrow analysis revealed a defect in various hematopoietic stem and progenitor subsets with a bias towards myelopoiesis. Cell lines derived from Fancg-KO mice were hypersensitive to the crosslinking agents cisplatin and Mitomycin C, and Fancg-KO mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) displayed increased γ-H2AX upon cisplatin treatment. The reconstitution of these MEFs with Fancg cDNA corrected for the ICL hypersensitivity. This project provides a new, genetically, and immunologically well-defined Fancg-KO mouse model for further in vivo and in vitro studies on FANCG and ICL repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronak Shah
- Department of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul C M van den Berk
- Department of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Colin E J Pritchard
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging Transgenic Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ji-Ying Song
- Department of Experimental Animal Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Kreft
- Department of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Pilzecker
- Department of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Heinz Jacobs
- Department of Tumor Biology and Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abdel-Aziz HF, Hamdy AE, Sharaf A, Abd El-Wahed AEWN, Elnaggar IA, Seleiman MF, Omar M, Al-Saif AM, Shahid MA, Sharaf M. Effects of Fogging System and Nitric Oxide on Growth and Yield of 'Naomi' Mango Trees Exposed to Frost Stress. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1359. [PMID: 37374143 DOI: 10.3390/life13061359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In years with unfavorable weather, winter frost during the blossoming season can play a significant role in reducing fruit yield and impacting the profitability of cultivation. The mango Naomi cultivar Mangifera indica L. has a low canopy that is severely affected by the effects of frost stress. As a result of the canopy being exposed to physiological problems, vegetative development is significantly inhibited. The current investigation aimed to study the influence of spraying nitric oxide and fogging spray systems on Naomi mango trees grafted on 'Succary' rootstock under frost stress conditions. The treatments were as follows: nitric oxide (NO) 50 and 100 μM, fogging spray system, and control. In comparison to the control, the use of nitric oxide and a fogging system significantly improved the leaf area, photosynthesis pigments of the leaf, the membrane stability index, yield, and physical and chemical characteristics of the Naomi mango cultivar. For instance, the application of 50 μM NO, 100 μM NO, and the fogging spray system resulted in an increase in yield by 41.32, 106.12, and 121.43% during the 2020 season, and by 39.37, 101.30, and 124.68% during the 2021 season compared to the control, respectively. The fogging spray system and highest level of NO decreased electrolyte leakage, proline content, total phenolic content, catalase (CAT), peroxidases (POX), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme activities in leaves. Furthermore, the number of damaged leaves per shoot was significantly reduced after the application of fogging spray systems and nitric oxide in comparison to the control. Regarding vegetative growth, our results indicated that the fogging spray system and spraying nitric oxide at 100 μM enhanced the leaf surface area compared to the control and other treatments. A similar trend was noticed regarding yield and fruit quality, whereas the best values were obtained when the fogging spray system using nitric oxide was sprayed at a concentration of 100 μM. The application of fogging spray systems and nitric oxide can improve the production and fruit quality of Naomi mango trees by reducing the effects of adverse frost stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosny F Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Ashraf E Hamdy
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Sharaf
- Soils and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | | | - Ibrahim A Elnaggar
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud F Seleiman
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdy Omar
- Department of Agriculture Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Adel M Al-Saif
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Adnan Shahid
- Horticultural Science Department, North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida/IFAS, Quincy, FL 32351, USA
| | - Mohamed Sharaf
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, AL-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11651, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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49
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Bushana PN, Schmidt MA, Chang KM, Vuong T, Sorg BA, Wisor JP. Effect of N-Acetylcysteine on Sleep: Impacts of Sex and Time of Day. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1124. [PMID: 37237990 PMCID: PMC10215863 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) is accompanied by a decrease in cerebral metabolism, which reduces the consumption of glucose as a fuel source and decreases the overall accumulation of oxidative stress in neural and peripheral tissues. Enabling this metabolic shift towards a reductive redox environment may be a central function of sleep. Therefore, biochemical manipulations that potentiate cellular antioxidant pathways may facilitate this function of sleep. N-acetylcysteine increases cellular antioxidant capacity by serving as a precursor to glutathione. In mice, we observed that intraperitoneal administration of N-acetylcysteine at a time of day when sleep drive is naturally high accelerated the onset of sleep and reduced NREMS delta power. Additionally, N-acetylcysteine administration suppressed slow and beta electroencephalographic (EEG) activities during quiet wake, further demonstrating the fatigue-inducing properties of antioxidants and the impact of redox balance on cortical circuit properties related to sleep drive. These results implicate redox reactions in the homeostatic dynamics of cortical network events across sleep/wake cycles, illustrating the value of timing antioxidant administration relative to sleep/wake cycles. A systematic review of the relevant literature, summarized herein, indicates that this "chronotherapeutic hypothesis" is unaddressed within the clinical literature on antioxidant therapy for brain disorders such as schizophrenia. We, therefore, advocate for studies that systematically address the relationship between the time of day at which an antioxidant therapy is administered relative to sleep/wake cycles and the therapeutic benefit of that antioxidant treatment in brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka N. Bushana
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA; (P.N.B.); (M.A.S.); (K.M.C.); (T.V.)
| | - Michelle A. Schmidt
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA; (P.N.B.); (M.A.S.); (K.M.C.); (T.V.)
| | - Kevin M. Chang
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA; (P.N.B.); (M.A.S.); (K.M.C.); (T.V.)
| | - Trisha Vuong
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA; (P.N.B.); (M.A.S.); (K.M.C.); (T.V.)
| | - Barbara A. Sorg
- R.S. Dow Neurobiology Laboratories, Legacy Research Institute, Portland, OR 97232, USA;
| | - Jonathan P. Wisor
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA; (P.N.B.); (M.A.S.); (K.M.C.); (T.V.)
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50
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Peng J, Ma X, Chen Y, Yan J, Jiang H. C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N mice exhibit different neuro-behaviors and sensitivity to midazolam- and propofol-induced anesthesia. Physiol Behav 2023; 264:114146. [PMID: 36889487 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypes of inbred mice are strain-dependent, indicating the important influence of genetic background in biomedical research. C57BL/6 is one of the most commonly used inbred mouse strains, and its two closely related substrains, C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N, have been separated for only about 70 years. These two substrains have accumulated genetic variations and exhibit different phenotypes, but it remains unclear whether they respond to anesthetics differently. In this study, commercially acquired wildtype C57BL/6J or C57BL/6N mice from two different sources were analyzed and compared for their response to a spectrum of anesthetics (midazolam, propofol, esketamine or isoflurane anesthesia) and their performance in a series of behavioral tests associated with neurological functions including open field test (OFT), elevated plus maze (EPM), Y maze, prepulse inhibition (PPI), tail strain test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST). Loss of the righting reflex (LORR) is used to measure the anesthetic effects. Our results suggested that the anesthesia induction time induced by either of the four anesthetics were comparable for the C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N mice. However, C57BL/6J or C57BL/6N mice do exhibit different sensitivity to midazolam and propofol. The anesthesia duration of midazolam of C57BL/6J mice was about 60% shorter than that of the C57BL/6N mice, while the LORR duration induced by propofol in C57BL/6J mice was 51% longer than that of the C57BL/6N. In comparison, the two substrains were anesthetized by esketamine or isoflurane similarly. In the behavioral analysis, the C57BL/6J mice exhibited a lower level of anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in OFT, EPM, FST and TST than the C57BL/6N mice. Locomotor activity and sensorimotor gating of these two substrains remained comparable. Our results stress the point that when selecting inbred mice for allele mutation or behavioral testing, the influence of even subtle differences in genetic background should be fully considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Peng
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofan Ma
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yelin Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Yan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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