1
|
Tanase DM, Valasciuc E, Costea CF, Scripcariu DV, Ouatu A, Hurjui LL, Tarniceriu CC, Floria DE, Ciocoiu M, Baroi LG, Floria M. Duality of Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Chronic Cardiovascular Disease: Potential Biomarkers versus Active Pathophysiological Promoters. Nutrients 2024; 16:1972. [PMID: 38931325 PMCID: PMC11206939 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), comprising leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile), and valine (Val), are essential nutrients vital for protein synthesis and metabolic regulation via specialized signaling networks. Their association with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has become a focal point of scientific debate, with emerging evidence suggesting both beneficial and detrimental roles. This review aims to dissect the multifaceted relationship between BCAAs and cardiovascular health, exploring the molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. Elevated BCAA levels have also been linked to insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), inflammation, and dyslipidemia, which are well-established risk factors for CVD. Central to these processes are key pathways such as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activate B cells (NF-κB)-mediated inflammation, and oxidative stress. Additionally, the interplay between BCAA metabolism and gut microbiota, particularly the production of metabolites like trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), adds another layer of complexity. Contrarily, some studies propose that BCAAs may have cardioprotective effects under certain conditions, contributing to muscle maintenance and metabolic health. This review critically evaluates the evidence, addressing the biological basis and signal transduction mechanism, and also discusses the potential for BCAAs to act as biomarkers versus active mediators of cardiovascular pathology. By presenting a balanced analysis, this review seeks to clarify the contentious roles of BCAAs in CVD, providing a foundation for future research and therapeutic strategies required because of the rising prevalence, incidence, and total burden of CVDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Maria Tanase
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (D.E.F.); (M.F.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi 700111, Romania
| | - Emilia Valasciuc
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (D.E.F.); (M.F.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi 700111, Romania
| | - Claudia Florida Costea
- Department of Ophthalmology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- 2nd Ophthalmology Clinic, “Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iași, Romania
| | - Dragos Viorel Scripcariu
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca Ouatu
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (D.E.F.); (M.F.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi 700111, Romania
| | - Loredana Liliana Hurjui
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Physiology Discipline, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Hematology Laboratory, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Claudia Cristina Tarniceriu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I, Discipline of Anatomy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Hematology Clinic, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Diana Elena Floria
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (D.E.F.); (M.F.)
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Manuela Ciocoiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Livia Genoveva Baroi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Department of Vascular Surgery, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mariana Floria
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (D.E.F.); (M.F.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi 700111, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Najafi F, Mohseni P, Niknam M, Pasdar Y, Izadi N. Dietary amino acid profile and risk of hypertension: findings from the Ravansar cohort study. BMC Nutr 2024; 10:68. [PMID: 38698490 PMCID: PMC11067075 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-024-00878-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertension (HTN) is a significant global health concern associated with morbidity and mortality. Recent research has explored the potential relationship between dietary protein intake and the development of HTN. This study aims to investigate the association between dietary amino acids and the incidence of HTN. METHODS This nested case-control study utilized data from the Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) Cohort Study. The study included 491 new HTN cases identified over a 6-year follow-up period. For each case, four controls were randomly selected through density sampling. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) consisting of 125 food items was used to calculate dietary amino acid intake. HTN was determined based on systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg and/or current use of antihypertensive medication in subjects without pre-existing HTN at the start of the cohort study. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios for HTN risk. RESULTS The median intake of all amino acids was lower in patients with HTN compared to the control group. After adjusting for various variables in different models, the risk of developing HTN tended to increase with higher dietary amino acid intake (excluding tryptophan and acidic amino acids). Specifically, individuals in the third tertile had a higher risk of developing new HTN than those individuals in the lowest tertile, although this difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The findings suggest that there may be an association between increased dietary amino acid intake and the risk of developing HTN, although this association was not statistically significant in this study. Further investigations in diverse populations are needed to explore the relationship between amino acids and HTN, as well as to determine the potential positive and negative effects of specific amino acid patterns on hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farid Najafi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Parisa Mohseni
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Grash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Niknam
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yahya Pasdar
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Nutritional Science Department, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Neda Izadi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yu L, Zhu Q, Song P, Li Y, Man Q, Liu B, Jia S, Zhang J. Dietary branched-chain amino acids intake and new-onset hypertension: a nationwide prospective cohort study in China. Amino Acids 2024; 56:19. [PMID: 38460031 PMCID: PMC10924742 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03376-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and the risk of developing hypertension. METHODS A cohort study of 14,883 Chinese adults without hypertension at baseline with were followed for an average of 8.9 years. Dietary intakes of BCAAs, including Ile, Leu, and Val, were collected using 3-day 24-h meal recall and household condiment weighing. Cox proportional hazards regression, restricted cubic splines, interaction analysis, and sensitivity analysis were used to assess the relationship between dietary BCAAs and risk of developing self-reported hypertension, adjusting for age, gender, region, body mass index (BMI), smoking and drinking status, physical activity, energy intake, salt intake. RESULTS Among 14,883 study subjects, 6386(42.9%) subjects aged ≥ 45 years at baseline, 2692 (18.1%) had new-onset hypertension during the study period, with a median age of 56 years. High levels of dietary BCAAs were associated with an increased risk of new-onset hypertension. Compared with the 41st-60th percentile, multivariable adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for new-onset hypertension was 1.16 (95% CI 1.01-1.32) for dietary BCAAs 61st-80th percentiles, 1.30 (1.13-1.50) for 81st-95th, 1.60 (1.32-1.95) for 96th-100th. The cut-off value of new-onset hypertension risk, total BCAAs, Ile, Leu, and Val were 15.7 g/day, 4.1 g/day, 6.9 g/day, 4.6 g/day, respectively, and the proportion of the population above these intake values were 13.9%, 13.1%, 15.4%, and 14.4%, respectively. Age, BMI, and salt intake had an interactive effect on this relationship (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION There was a significant positive association between total dietary BCAAs, Ile, Leu, Val intake and the risk of developing hypertension, after adjustment for confounders. This relationship was influenced by age, BMI, and salt intake. Further research is needed to clarify the mechanism and potential role of BCAAs in the pathogenesis of hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lianlong Yu
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qianrang Zhu
- Jiangsu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengkun Song
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yuqian Li
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qingqing Man
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Jia
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cai S, Fu Y, Chen J, Tian M, Li X. Causal Relationship Between Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Hypertension: A Mendelian Randomization Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e032084. [PMID: 38420789 PMCID: PMC10944042 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.032084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the causal relationships between branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and the risks of hypertension via meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization analysis. METHODS AND RESULTS A meta-analysis of 32 845 subjects was conducted to evaluate the relationships between BCAAs and hypertension. In Mendelian randomization analysis, independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with BCAAs at the genome-wide significance level were selected as the instrumental variables. Meanwhile, the summary-level data for essential hypertension and secondary hypertension end points were obtained from the FinnGen study. As suggested by the meta-analysis results, elevated BCAA levels were associated with a higher risk of hypertension (isoleucine: summary odds ratio, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.08-1.47]; leucine: summary odds ratio, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.07-1.52]; valine: summary odds ratio, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.12-1.57]). Moreover, the inverse variance-weighted method demonstrated that an elevated circulating isoleucine level might be the causal risk factor for essential hypertension but not secondary hypertension (essential hypertension: odds ratio, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.12-1.34]; secondary hypertension: odds ratio, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.54-1.68]). CONCLUSIONS The increased levels of 3 BCAAs positively correlated with an increased risk of hypertension. Particularly, elevated isoleucine level is a causal risk factor for essential hypertension. Increased levels of leucine and valine also tend to increase the risk of essential hypertension, but further verification is still warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyuan Cai
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yuanyuan Fu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Mingjie Tian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shanghai Deji HospitalAffiliated to Qingdao UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xue Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alqudah A, Qnais E, Wedyan M, Awali A, Bseiso Y, Gammoh O. Amino acid profiles: exploring their diagnostic and pathophysiological significance in hypertension. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:200. [PMID: 38270677 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09107-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension, a major contributor to cardiovascular morbidity, is closely linked to amino acid metabolism. Amino acids, particularly branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and aromatic amino acids (AAAs), may play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis and potential management of hypertension. This review investigated the relationships between amino acid profiles, specifically BCAAs and AAAs, and hypertension, and examined their potential as diagnostic and therapeutic targets. An in-depth analysis was conducted on studies highlighting the associations of specific amino acids such as arginine, glycine, proline, glutamine, and the BCAAs and AAAs with hypertension. BCAAs and AAAs, alongside other amino acids like arginine, glycine, and proline, showed significant correlations with hypertension. These amino acids influence multiple pathways including nitric oxide synthesis, vascular remodeling, and neurotransmitter production, among others. Distinct amino acid profiles were discerned between hypertensive and non-hypertensive individuals. Amino acid profiling, particularly the levels of BCAAs and AAAs, offers promising avenues in the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for hypertension. Future studies are crucial to confirm these findings and to delineate amino acid-based interventions for hypertension treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahim Alqudah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.
| | - Esam Qnais
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Mohammed Wedyan
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Ayat Awali
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Yousra Bseiso
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Omar Gammoh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zuo Z, Tong Y, Li M, Wang Z, Wang X, Guo X, Sun Y, Zhang Z. Effect of genetically determined BCAA levels on cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors: A Mendelian randomization study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:2406-2412. [PMID: 37788949 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Observational studies have demonstrated that serum branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are associated with the risk of various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and their risk factors. However, the causal effect is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of genetically determined BCAA levels on CVDs and their risk factors using Mendelian randomization (MR). METHODS AND RESULTS We performed univariable and multivariable MR analyses using summary-level data from multiple GWASs and the FinnGen consortium to investigate the association between BCAA levels and the risk of CVDs (myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and intracerebral hemorrhage) and their risk factors (atrial fibrillation, hypertension, heart failure, and valvular heart disease). We used the random-effects IVW approach as the primary statistical method and incorporated MR estimates from different data sources using the fixed-effects model. We found genetically determined total and individual BCAA levels and a high risk of hypertension. However, there is no evidence of a causal relationship between BCAA levels and 3 cardiovascular diseases and other their risk factors. The odds of hypertension increased per 1-SD increase in BCAA levels (OR = 1.02 95% CI: 1.01, 1.04; P = 0.005), valine (OR = 1.02 95% CI: 1.01, 1.03; P<0.0001), leucine (OR = 1.02 95% CI: 1.01, 1.04; P<0.01), and isoleucine (OR = 1.02 95% CI: 1.01, 1.03; P < 0.0001). This result was also significant in the multivariable MR. CONCLUSIONS This MR study suggests that total and individual BCAA levels could be associated with a high risk of hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zuo
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Cardiology Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yi Tong
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Cardiology Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Minghua Li
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Cardiology Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhenggui Wang
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Cardiology Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xishu Wang
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Cardiology Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiaoxue Guo
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Cardiology Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Cardiology Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Cardiology Center, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Najafi F, Mohseni P, Pasdar Y, Niknam M, Izadi N. The association between dietary amino acid profile and the risk of type 2 diabetes: Ravansar non-communicable disease cohort study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2284. [PMID: 37980456 PMCID: PMC10657569 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the most common chronic diseases and the main risk factors for T2D consist of a combination of lifestyle, unhealthy diet, and genetic factors. Amino acids are considered to be a major component of dietary sources for many of the associations between dietary protein and chronic disease. Therefore, this study amied to determine the association between dietary amino acid intakes and the incidence of T2D. METHODS The present nested case-control study was conducted using data from the Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) Cohort Study. The information required for this study was collected from individuals who participated in the Adult Cohort Study from the start of the study until September 2023. Over a 6-year follow-up period, data from 113 new T2D cases were available. Four controls were then randomly selected for each case using density sampling. Cases and controls were matched for sex and age at the interview. Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to collect data related to all amino acids including tryptophan, threonine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, cysteine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, valine, arginine, histidine, alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, proline, and serine were also extracted. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate the crude and adjusted odds ratio for the risk of T2D. RESULTS Using the univariable model, a significant association was found between T2D risk and branched-chain, alkaline, sulfuric, and essential amino acids in the fourth quartile. Accordingly, individuals in the fourth quartile had a 1.81- to 1.87-fold higher risk of developing new T2D than individuals in the lowest quartile (P<0.05). After adjustment for several variables, the risk of developing a new T2D was 2.70 (95% CI: 1.16-6.31), 2.68 (95% CI: 1.16-6.21), 2.98 (95% CI: 1.27-6.96), 2.45 (95% CI: 1.02-5.90), and 2.66 (95% CI: 1.13-6.25) times higher, for individuals in the fourth quartile of branched-chain, alkaline, sulfuric, alcoholic, and essential amino acids compared with those in the lowest quartile, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that the risk of developing a new T2D was higher for individuals in the fourth quartile of branched-chain amino acids, alkaline, sulfate, and essential amino acids than in the lower quartile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farid Najafi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Parisa Mohseni
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yahya Pasdar
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Niknam
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Izadi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bugajska J, Berska J, Wójcik M, Sztefko K. Amino acid profile in overweight and obese prepubertal children - can simple biochemical tests help in the early prevention of associated comorbidities? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1274011. [PMID: 37964971 PMCID: PMC10641253 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1274011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is accepted that plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and aromatic amino acids (AAAs) are closely related to metabolic risk. Arterial hypertension, metabolic syndrome, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) are frequently seen in obese patients. Many attempts have been made to find biochemical indicators for the early detection of metabolic complications in children. It is not known if different amino acid profiles and BCAA and AA concentrations in overweight and obese children correlate with chemerin, proinflammatory, and simple biochemical markers. Thus, the study aimed to find out the early markers of cardiovascular disease and MAFLD in overweight and obese children. Materials and methods The study included 20 overweight and obese children (M/F 12/8; mean age 7.7 ± 2.3 years; BMI 26.8 ± 5.0 kg/m2) and 12 non-obese children (control group) (M/F 4/8; mean age 6.5 ± 2.2 years; BMI 14.8 ± 1.5 kg/m2). The following plasma amino acids were measured: aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, asparagine, glycine, glutamine, taurine, histidine, citrulline, threonine, alanine, arginine, proline, tyrosine, methionine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, ornithine, and lysine. Chemerin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and basic biochemistry parameters were measured. Results The mean plasma levels of leucine, isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, glutamic acid, and alanine were significantly higher in overweight and obese children than in the control group (p<0.03-p<0.0004). Conversely, the mean values of serine, asparagine, glutamine, and citrulline were significantly lower in overweight and obese children than in the control group (p<0.03-p<0.0007). Isoleucine, leucine, valine (BCAAs) tyrosine, and phenylalanine (AAAs) levels showed a positive correlation with uric acid, ALT, hs-CRP, and chemerin (r=0.80-0.36; p<0.05-p<0.00001), but not with IL-6. The mean values of glucose, IL-6, hs-CRP, chemerin, uric acid, and ALT were significantly higher in overweight and obese children than in the control group (p<0.03-p<0.00002). In contrast, the lipid profile did not differ between groups. Conclusion An abnormal amino acid profile in overweight and obese pre-pubertal children, accompanied by elevated ALT and UA observed in the studied cohort, may suggest early metabolic disturbances that can potentially lead to metabolic syndrome, or MAFLD, and increased cardiovascular risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Bugajska
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Berska
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wójcik
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krystyna Sztefko
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yu Y, Hao H, Kong L, Zhang J, Bai F, Guo F, Wei P, Chen R, Hu W. A metabolomics-based analysis of the metabolic pathways associated with the regulation of branched-chain amino acids in rats fed a high-fructose diet. Endocr Connect 2023; 12:e230079. [PMID: 37522853 PMCID: PMC10503218 DOI: 10.1530/ec-23-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the elevated levels of circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are associated with the development of insulin resistance and its complications, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and some cancers. However, animal models that can mimic the metabolic state of chronically elevated BCAAs in humans are rare. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish the above animal model and analyse the metabolic changes associated with high BCAA levels. Sixteen 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into two groups and given either a high fructose diet or a normal diet. BCAA levels as well as blood glucose and lipid levels were measured at different time points of feeding. The mRNA expression levels of two key enzymes of BCAA catabolism, ACAD (acyl-CoA dehydrogenase) and BCKDH (branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase), were measured by qPCR, and the protein expression levels of these two enzymes were analysed by immunohistochemistry. Finally, the metabolite expression differences between the two groups were analysed by Q300 metabolomics technology. Our study confirms that defects in the catabolic pathways of BCAAs lead to increased levels of circulating BCAAs, resulting in disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism characterized by insulin resistance by affecting metabolic pathways associated with amino acids and bile acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hairong Hao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linghui Kong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Bai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pan Wei
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huai’an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai’an Second People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chung S, Park JH, Joung H, Ha K, Shin S. Amino acid intake with protein food source and incident dyslipidemia in Korean adults from the Ansan and Ansung Study and the Health Examinee Study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1195349. [PMID: 37545575 PMCID: PMC10401580 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1195349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and appropriate intake of amino acids may be helpful for the management of dyslipidemia. However, evidence of an association between amino acid intake and dyslipidemia in Korean adults is limited. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate how the incidence of dyslipidemia in Korean adults is associated with the consumption of amino acids, essential and nonessential types, as well as the sources of these amino acids from food. Methods Data from 35,478 study participants without dyslipidemia at baseline from the Ansan and Ansung Study and the Health Examinee Study were used for the analysis. Dyslipidemia and its components such as hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyper-low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterolemia and hypo-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterolemia were the main outcome in this study. The participants were categorized into quartiles, based on the intake of amino acids and plant-/animal-based proteins. Results On average, the follow-up period lasted for 5.7 years. The two major food groups that contributed to one-half of the intake for each type of amino acid were whole grain mixed rice and white rice. Compared to the lowest quartile group, the highest quartile groups of essential amino acid intake [men: hazard ratio (HR) = 0.78; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.63-0.97; P for trend = 0.0088; women: HR = 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76-0.99; P for trend = 0.0201] and nonessential amino acid intake (men: HR = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.60-0.94; P for trend = 0.0069; women: HR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.71-0.93; P for trend = 0.0024) had a decreased risk of dyslipidemia. Plant-based protein intake had a negative association and animal-based protein intake had a nonsignificant association with dyslipidemia after adjustment for energy-adjusted fat intake. Furthermore, the essential and nonessential amino acid intake showed stronger negative associations with dyslipidemia after further adjustment for energy-adjusted fat intake. Conclusion To conclude, the intake of amino acids may have a protective effect against dyslipidemia in Korean adults who are aged 40 years or older, regardless of their protein food sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangwon Chung
- Personalized Diet Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Park
- Personalized Diet Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojee Joung
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Ha
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangah Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Ansung-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cai D, Hou B, Xie SL. Amino acid analysis as a method of discovering biomarkers for diagnosis of diabetes and its complications. Amino Acids 2023:10.1007/s00726-023-03255-8. [PMID: 37067568 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03255-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a severe chronic diseases with a global prevalence of 9%, leading to poor health and high health care costs, and is a direct cause of millions of deaths each year. The rising epidemic of diabetes and its complications, such as retinal and peripheral nerve disease, is a huge burden globally. A better understanding of the molecular pathways involved in the development and progression of diabetes and its complications can facilitate individualized prevention and treatment. High diabetes mellitus incidence rate is caused mainly by lack of non-invasive and reliable methods for early diagnosis, such as plasma biomarkers. The incidence of diabetes and its complications in the world still grows so it is crucial to develop a new, faster, high specificity and more sensitive diagnostic technologies. With the advancement of analytical techniques, metabolomics can identify and quantify multiple biomarkers simultaneously in a high-throughput manner, and effective biomarkers can greatly improve the efficiency of diabetes and its complications. By providing information on potential metabolic pathways, metabolomics can further define the mechanisms underlying the progression of diabetes and its complications, help identify potential therapeutic targets, and improve the prevention and management of T2D and its complications. The application of amino acid metabolomics in epidemiological studies has identified new biomarkers of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications, such as branched-chain amino acids, phenylalanine and arginine metabolites. This study focused on the analysis of metabolic amino acid profiling as a method for identifying biomarkers for the detection and screening of diabetes and its complications. The results presented are all from recent studies, and in all cases analyzed, there were significant changes in the amino acid profile of patients in the experimental group compared to the control group. This study demonstrates the potential of amino acid profiles as a detection method for diabetes and its complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Cai
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Biao Hou
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Song Lin Xie
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mir FA, Mall R, Ullah E, Iskandarani A, Cyprian F, Samra TA, Alkasem M, Abdalhakam I, Farooq F, Taheri S, Abou-Samra AB. An integrated multi-omic approach demonstrates distinct molecular signatures between human obesity with and without metabolic complications: a case-control study. J Transl Med 2023; 21:229. [PMID: 36991398 PMCID: PMC10053148 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04074-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the hypothesis that obesity complicated by the metabolic syndrome, compared to uncomplicated obesity, has distinct molecular signatures and metabolic pathways. METHODS We analyzed a cohort of 39 participants with obesity that included 21 with metabolic syndrome, age-matched to 18 without metabolic complications. We measured in whole blood samples 754 human microRNAs (miRNAs), 704 metabolites using unbiased mass spectrometry metabolomics, and 25,682 transcripts, which include both protein coding genes (PCGs) as well as non-coding transcripts. We then identified differentially expressed miRNAs, PCGs, and metabolites and integrated them using databases such as mirDIP (mapping between miRNA-PCG network), Human Metabolome Database (mapping between metabolite-PCG network) and tools like MetaboAnalyst (mapping between metabolite-metabolic pathway network) to determine dysregulated metabolic pathways in obesity with metabolic complications. RESULTS We identified 8 significantly enriched metabolic pathways comprising 8 metabolites, 25 protein coding genes and 9 microRNAs which are each differentially expressed between the subjects with obesity and those with obesity and metabolic syndrome. By performing unsupervised hierarchical clustering on the enrichment matrix of the 8 metabolic pathways, we could approximately segregate the uncomplicated obesity strata from that of obesity with metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that at least 8 metabolic pathways, along with their various dysregulated elements, identified via our integrative bioinformatics pipeline, can potentially differentiate those with obesity from those with obesity and metabolic complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fayaz Ahmad Mir
- Qatar Metabolic Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Raghvendra Mall
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, USA.
- Biotechnology Research Center, Technology Innovation Institute, P.O. Box 9639, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Ehsan Ullah
- Qatar Computational Research Institute (QCRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Ahmad Iskandarani
- Qatar Metabolic Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Farhan Cyprian
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tareq A Samra
- Qatar Metabolic Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Meis Alkasem
- Qatar Metabolic Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ibrahem Abdalhakam
- Qatar Metabolic Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Faisal Farooq
- Qatar Computational Research Institute (QCRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahrad Taheri
- Qatar Metabolic Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
- National Obesity Treatment Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Weil Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdul-Badi Abou-Samra
- Qatar Metabolic Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
- National Obesity Treatment Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Weil Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shen QM, Tan YT, Wang J, Fang J, Liu DK, Li HL, Xiang YB. Cross-sectional relationships between general and central adiposity and plasma amino acids in Chinese adults. Amino Acids 2023:10.1007/s00726-023-03258-5. [PMID: 36881189 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03258-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Adiposity is an important determinant of blood metabolites, but little is known about the variations of blood amino acids according to general and central adiposity status among Chinese population. This study included 187 females and 322 males who were cancer-free subjects randomly selected from two cohorts in Shanghai, China. Participants' plasma concentrations of amino acids were measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Linear regression models were used to examine the cross-sectional correlations between general and central adiposity and amino acid levels. A total of 35 amino acids in plasma were measured in this study. In females, alanine, aspartic acid and pyroglutamic acid were positively correlated with general adiposity. In males, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, valine and pyroglutamic acid showed positive correlations, and glutamine, serine and glycine showed negative correlations with both general and central adiposity; phenylalanine, isoleucine and leucine were positively correlated and N-phenylacetylglutamine was negatively correlated with general adiposity; asparagine was negatively correlated with central adiposity. In summary, general adiposity and central adiposity were correlated with the concentrations of specific plasma amino acids among cancer-free female and male adults in China. Adiposity-metabolite characteristics and relationships should be considered when studying blood biomarkers for adiposity-related health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Ming Shen
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 25, Lane 2200, Xie Tu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu-Ting Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 25, Lane 2200, Xie Tu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 25, Lane 2200, Xie Tu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jie Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 25, Lane 2200, Xie Tu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Da-Ke Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 25, Lane 2200, Xie Tu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hong-Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 25, Lane 2200, Xie Tu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 25, Lane 2200, Xie Tu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nutrients, Physical Activity, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Setting of Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051217. [PMID: 36904216 PMCID: PMC10004804 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic risk factors for diabetes, coronary heart disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and some tumors. It includes insulin resistance, visceral adiposity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. MetS is primarily linked to lipotoxicity, with ectopic fat deposition from fat storage exhaustion, more than obesity per se. Excessive intake of long-chain saturated fatty acid and sugar closely relates to lipotoxicity and MetS through several pathways, including toll-like receptor 4 activation, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma regulation (PPARγ), sphingolipids remodeling, and protein kinase C activation. These mechanisms prompt mitochondrial dysfunction, which plays a key role in disrupting the metabolism of fatty acids and proteins and in developing insulin resistance. By contrast, the intake of monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and medium-chain saturated (low-dose) fatty acids, as well as plant-based proteins and whey protein, favors an improvement in sphingolipid composition and metabolic profile. Along with dietary modification, regular exercises including aerobic, resistance, or combined training can target sphingolipid metabolism and improve mitochondrial function and MetS components. This review aimed to summarize the main dietary and biochemical aspects related to the physiopathology of MetS and its implications for mitochondrial machinery while discussing the potential role of diet and exercise in counteracting this complex clustering of metabolic dysfunctions.
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Research conducted in the past 15 years has yielded crucial insights that are reshaping our understanding of the systems physiology of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism and the molecular mechanisms underlying the close relationship between BCAA homeostasis and cardiovascular health. The rapidly evolving literature paints a complex picture, in which numerous tissue-specific and disease-specific modes of BCAA regulation initiate a diverse set of molecular mechanisms that connect changes in BCAA homeostasis to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction, ischaemia-reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis, hypertension and heart failure. In this Review, we outline the current understanding of the major factors regulating BCAA abundance and metabolic fate, highlight molecular mechanisms connecting impaired BCAA homeostasis to cardiovascular disease, discuss the epidemiological evidence connecting BCAAs with various cardiovascular disease states and identify current knowledge gaps requiring further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert W McGarrah
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Phillip J White
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ciobanu D, Bala C, Rusu A, Roman G. AMINO ACIDS METABOLOMIC SIGNATURE OF BLOOD PRESSURE VARIABILITY In Type 2 Diabetes. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA (BUCHAREST, ROMANIA : 2005) 2022; 18:494-501. [PMID: 37152871 PMCID: PMC10162828 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2022.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Context Accumulating data supports the key role of disrupted amino acids (AAs) metabolism in diabetes. Conflicting data regarding the relevance of serum AAs in diabetes and hypertension suggest that their relationship needs further investigation. Objective To investigate serum AAs as biomarkers of increased BP variability evaluated during 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring in the presence of type 2 diabetes. Design Cross-sectional. Subjects and Methods We analyzed serum AAs using targeted metabolomics (ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry) in patients with type 2 diabetes (n=80). BP variability was assessed using 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring. Participants were divided into two groups based on the 24-hour diastolic BP variability median value. Results Aspartic acid, isoleucine, leucine, and phenylalanine were significantly lower, while glutamine was significantly higher in the group with higher diastolic BP variability (p-value <0.05 and variable importance in the projection >1). Corresponding pathways identified as disrupted in patients with diabetes and a higher 24-hour diastolic BP variability were phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism (pathway impact value >0). Conclusions We identified specific changes in serum AAs and target AAs pathways in relation to increased 24-hour diastolic BP variability in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D.M. Ciobanu
- “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine − Diabetes and Nutrition Diseases
- Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj − Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - C. Bala
- “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine − Diabetes and Nutrition Diseases
- Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj − Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - A. Rusu
- “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine − Diabetes and Nutrition Diseases
- Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj − Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - G. Roman
- “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine − Diabetes and Nutrition Diseases
- Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj − Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jikuzono T, Ishibashi O, Kure S, Ohmae Y, Ohmae T. Associations of AminoIndex Cancer Screening (Breast) Grade with Clinical and Laboratory Variables. J NIPPON MED SCH 2022; 89:377-383. [PMID: 35082207 DOI: 10.1272/jnms.jnms.2022_89-403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered metabolism in the blood of cancer patients is closely related to changes in amino acids. Amino acids play an important physiological role as essential metabolites and regulators of metabolism. AminoIndex Cancer Screening (AICS) uses multivariate analysis of plasma-free amino acid profiles to screen for seven cancer types, including breast cancer. METHODS To determine the clinical utility of AICS (breast), we retrospectively analyzed associations of AICS (breast) score with clinical and laboratory variables in 390 patients who underwent AICS (breast) testing. The mean age of participants was 50.7 years (range: 26-87 years) and all were female. RESULTS The AICS (breast) grade was A, B, and C for 250 (64.1%), 90 (23.1%), and 50 (12.8%) participants, respectively. AICS (breast) was significantly correlated with AICS (gastric) (r = 0.487, p < 0.0001) and AICS (lung) (r = 0.523, p < 0.0001). Multivariate linear regression analysis showed no significant difference of AICS (breast) grade with age, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, dyslipidemia, or blood pressure. However, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio significantly differed in relation to AICS (breast) grade (cut-off value, 1.7; p = 0.030), although only data from 72 patients were analyzed. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first study to report associations of AICS (breast) grade with clinical variables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoo Jikuzono
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Nippon Medical School
- Laboratory of Biological Macromolecules, Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
- Shin-urayasu Toranomon Clinic
| | - Osamu Ishibashi
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, Nippon Medical School
- Laboratory of Biological Macromolecules, Department of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Shoko Kure
- Department of Integrated Diagnostic Pathology, Nippon Medical School
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu Y, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Jiang X, Liang Y, Wang H, Li Y, Sun G. Association between Excessive Dietary Branched-Chain Amino Acids Intake and Hypertension Risk in Chinese Population. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132582. [PMID: 35807761 PMCID: PMC9268479 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The dietary intake of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) has been reported to be associated with both elevated blood pressure (BP) and hypertension risk, while published findings were inconsistent, and the causality has never been well disclosed. We performed this prospective study aiming to find out the relationship between dietary BCAAs intake and hypertension risk in the Chinese population. A total of 8491 participants (40,285 person-years) were selected. The levels of dietary BCAAs intake were estimated using the 24-h Food Frequency Questionnaire. Associations of both BP values and hypertension risk with per standard deviation increase of BCAAs were estimated using linear and COX regression analysis, respectively. The hazard ratios and 95% confidence interval were given. Restricted cubic spline analysis (RCS) was used to estimate the nonlinearity. Both systolic and diastolic BP values at the end points of follow-up were positively associated with dietary BCAAs intake. Positive associations between BCAAs intake and hypertension risk were shown in both men and women. By performing a RCS analysis, the nonlinear relationship between BCAAs intake and hypertension was shown. As the intake levels of Ile, Leu, and Val, respectively, exceeded 2.49 g/day, 4.91 g/day, and 2.88 g/day in men (2.16 g/day, 3.84 g/day, and 2.56 g/day in women), the hypertension risk increased. Our findings could provide some concrete evidence in the primary prevention of hypertension based on dietary interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Liu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110031, China;
| | - Chengwen Zhang
- Research Center of Environmental and Non-Communicable Disease, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (H.W.); (G.S.)
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Research Center of Environmental and Non-Communicable Disease, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (H.W.); (G.S.)
| | - Xuheng Jiang
- Research Center of Environmental and Non-Communicable Disease, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (H.W.); (G.S.)
| | - Yuanhong Liang
- Research Center of Environmental and Non-Communicable Disease, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (H.W.); (G.S.)
| | - Huan Wang
- Research Center of Environmental and Non-Communicable Disease, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (H.W.); (G.S.)
| | - Yongfang Li
- Research Center of Environmental and Non-Communicable Disease, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (H.W.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Guifan Sun
- Research Center of Environmental and Non-Communicable Disease, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (X.J.); (Y.L.); (H.W.); (G.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
The Role of Amino Acids in Endothelial Biology and Function. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081372. [PMID: 35456051 PMCID: PMC9030017 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelium acts as an important component of the vascular system. It is a barrier between the blood and vessel wall. It plays an important role in regulating blood vessel tone, permeability, angiogenesis, and platelet functions. Several studies have shown that amino acids (AA) are key regulators in maintaining vascular homeostasis by modulating endothelial cell (EC) proliferation, migration, survival, and function. This review summarizes the metabolic and signaling pathways of AAs in ECs and discusses the importance of AA homeostasis in the functioning of ECs and vascular homeostasis. It also discusses the challenges in understanding the role of AA in the development of cardiovascular pathophysiology and possible directions for future research.
Collapse
|
20
|
Dimou A, Tsimihodimos V, Bairaktari E. The Critical Role of the Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) Catabolism-Regulating Enzymes, Branched-Chain Aminotransferase (BCAT) and Branched-Chain α-Keto Acid Dehydrogenase (BCKD), in Human Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23074022. [PMID: 35409380 PMCID: PMC8999875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs), leucine, isoleucine and valine, are essential amino acids widely studied for their crucial role in the regulation of protein synthesis mainly through the activation of the mTOR signaling pathway and their emerging recognition as players in the regulation of various physiological and metabolic processes, such as glucose homeostasis. BCAA supplementation is primarily used as a beneficial nutritional intervention in chronic liver and kidney disease as well as in muscle wasting disorders. However, downregulated/upregulated plasma BCAAs and their defective catabolism in various tissues, mainly due to altered enzymatic activity of the first two enzymes in their catabolic pathway, BCAA aminotransferase (BCAT) and branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKD), have been investigated in many nutritional and disease states. The current review focused on the underlying mechanisms of altered BCAA catabolism and its contribution to the pathogenesis of a numerous pathological conditions such as diabetes, heart failure and cancer. In addition, we summarize findings that indicate that the recovery of the dysregulated BCAA catabolism may be associated with an improved outcome and the prevention of serious disease complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Dimou
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Vasilis Tsimihodimos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Eleni Bairaktari
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-26510-07620
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Price D, Jackson KG, Lovegrove JA, Givens DI. The effects of whey proteins, their peptides and amino acids on vascular function. NUTR BULL 2022; 47:9-26. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Drew Price
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences University of Reading Reading UK
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health University of Reading Reading UK
| | - Kim G. Jackson
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences University of Reading Reading UK
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health University of Reading Reading UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research University of Reading Reading UK
| | - Julie A. Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences University of Reading Reading UK
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health University of Reading Reading UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research University of Reading Reading UK
| | - David Ian Givens
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health University of Reading Reading UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Miles FL, Orlich MJ, Mashchak A, Chandler PD, Lampe JW, Duerksen-Hughes P, Fraser GE. The Biology of Veganism: Plasma Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Distinct Profiles of Vegans and Non-Vegetarians in the Adventist Health Study-2 Cohort. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030709. [PMID: 35277064 PMCID: PMC8839915 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unclear how vegetarian dietary patterns influence plasma metabolites involved in biological processes regulating chronic diseases. We sought to identify plasma metabolic profiles distinguishing vegans (avoiding meat, eggs, dairy) from non-vegetarians (consuming ≥28 g/day red meat) of the Adventist Health Study-2 cohort using global metabolomics profiling with ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Differences in abundance of metabolites or biochemical subclasses were analyzed using linear regression models, adjusting for surrogate and confounding variables, with cross-validation to simulate results from an independent sample. Random forest was used as a learning tool for classification, and principal component analysis was used to identify clusters of related metabolites. Differences in covariate-adjusted metabolite abundance were identified in over 60% of metabolites (586/930), after adjustment for false discovery. The vast majority of differentially abundant metabolites or metabolite subclasses showed lower abundance in vegans, including xanthine, histidine, branched fatty acids, acetylated peptides, ceramides, and long-chain acylcarnitines, among others. Many of these metabolite subclasses have roles in insulin dysregulation, cardiometabolic phenotypes, and inflammation. Analysis of metabolic profiles in vegans and non-vegetarians revealed vast differences in these two dietary groups, reflecting differences in consumption of animal and plant products. These metabolites serve as biomarkers of food intake, many with potential pathophysiological consequences for cardiometabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fayth L. Miles
- Adventist Health Study, Research Affairs, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (F.L.M.); (M.J.O.); (A.M.)
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA;
| | - Michael J. Orlich
- Adventist Health Study, Research Affairs, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (F.L.M.); (M.J.O.); (A.M.)
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Andrew Mashchak
- Adventist Health Study, Research Affairs, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (F.L.M.); (M.J.O.); (A.M.)
| | - Paulette D. Chandler
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Johanna W. Lampe
- Public Health Sciences Division, Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA;
| | - Penelope Duerksen-Hughes
- Department of Basic Science, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA;
| | - Gary E. Fraser
- Adventist Health Study, Research Affairs, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (F.L.M.); (M.J.O.); (A.M.)
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-909-558-4753
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Flores-Guerrero JL, Connelly MA, Shalaurova I, Garcia E, Bakker SJL, Dullaart RPF. A metabolomic index based on lipoprotein subfractions and branched chain amino acids is associated with incident hypertension. Eur J Intern Med 2021; 94:56-63. [PMID: 34321184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aims to evaluate the performance of the Diabetes Risk Index (DRI), a metabolomic index based on lipoprotein particles and branched chain amino acids, on the incidence of newly developed hypertension in a large community dwelling cohort. METHODS The DRI was calculated by combining 6 lipoprotein parameters [sizes of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), concentrations of large VLDL, small LDL, and large HDL particles], and the concentrations of valine and leucine. DRI scores were estimated in 4169 participants from the PREVEND prospective cohort. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate the association of DRI scores with incident hypertension. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 8.6 years, 924 new hypertension cases were ascertained. In analyses adjusted for age and sex, there was a significant association between DRI and incident hypertension with a hazard ratio (HR) per 1 SD increase of 1.45 (95% CI 1.36,1.54; p < 0.001). After additional adjustment for traditional risk factors, the HR remained significant (HRadj 1.21, 95% CI 1.10, 1.33, p <0.001). Likewise, subjects in the top quartile of DRI presented with a higher risk of hypertension (HRadj 1.64, 95% CI 1.28, 2.10, p <0.001). Furthermore, the net reclassification improvement assessment improved after the addition of DRI to a traditional risk model (p <0.001), allowing proper reclassification of 34% of the participants. CONCLUSION Higher DRI scores were associated with an increased risk of incident hypertension. Such association was independent of traditional clinical risk factors for hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Flores-Guerrero
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands..
| | - Margery A Connelly
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (Labcorp), Morrisville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Irina Shalaurova
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (Labcorp), Morrisville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Erwin Garcia
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (Labcorp), Morrisville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Robin P F Dullaart
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sriboonvorakul N, Pan-Ngum W, Poovorawan K, Muangnoicharoen S, Quinn LM, Tan BK. Low Branched Chain Amino Acids and Tyrosine in Thai Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated with Metformin and Metformin-Sulfonylurea Combination Therapies. J Clin Med 2021; 10:5424. [PMID: 34830706 PMCID: PMC8621185 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing public health challenge for Thailand (current prevalence ~10.0%). Amino acids offer novel biomarkers to predict risk of T2DM and indicate sub-optimal disease management, which could facilitate earlier treatment. We studied amino acid profiles in a Thai cohort comprising of individuals with T2DM (n = 65 single-drug-treated; n = 38 multi-drug-treated) compared to healthy controls (n = 104) using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Age and BMI were significantly lower in the healthy controls compared to the single or multi-treated T2DM groups. The BCAA (leucine and valine) were significantly lower in the single and multi-treated T2DM groups compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001) and isoleucine was significantly lower in the single-treated compared to the healthy controls (p = 0.014). These findings beg the question whether BCAAs supplementation be beneficial in T2DM patients treated with single or multi-drug therapy? Tyrosine was significantly lower in the single and multi-treated T2DM groups compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002), whereas phenylalanine was significantly higher in the multi-treated T2DM group compared to the single treated T2DM group (p = 0.045). We provide novel insights into the effects of diabetes treatments on these amino acids in insulin resistant states such as T2DM in a unique but understudied Thai population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natthida Sriboonvorakul
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (N.S.); (K.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Wirichada Pan-Ngum
- Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Kittiyod Poovorawan
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (N.S.); (K.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Sant Muangnoicharoen
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (N.S.); (K.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Lauren M. Quinn
- Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Bee K. Tan
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (N.S.); (K.P.); (S.M.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mahbub MH, Yamaguchi N, Nakagami Y, Hase R, Takahashi H, Ishimaru Y, Watanabe R, Saito H, Shimokawa J, Yamamoto H, Kikuchi S, Tanabe T. Association of Plasma Branched-Chain and Aromatic Amino Acids with Reduction in Kidney Function Evaluated in Apparently Healthy Adults. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10225234. [PMID: 34830517 PMCID: PMC8625145 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The published literature on the association of circulatory branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and aromatic amino acids (AAAs) with reduced kidney function is inconsistent or conflicting. Clarification of it might help to better understand the underlying pathophysiology and to determine potential biomarkers for early detection and evaluation of kidney function decline. Our main purpose was to explore and clarify the potential relationships of individual BCAAs and AAAs with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline. We included the data from 2804 healthy subjects and categorized them into three groups based on eGFR tertiles. The associations between individual amino acids and eGFR were explored by covariate-adjusted logistic regression models. There was a progressive increase in the concentrations of BCAAs and AAAs from the upper to the lower tertiles. We revealed significant positive associations of isoleucine, leucine, and phenylalanine with lower tertiles of eGFR in the adjusted models (p < 0.01-0.001). The findings hold a promising potential of using plasma isoleucine, leucine, and phenylalanine levels for evaluation of kidney function decline. Future longitudinal studies should investigate the causal association between altered levels of these amino acids and impaired kidney function and also the utility of the former as potential biomarkers for evaluating the risk and early detection of the latter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- MH Mahbub
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Japan; (N.Y.); (Y.N.); (R.H.); (Y.I.); (R.W.); (H.S.); (J.S.); (T.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-836-22-2231
| | - Natsu Yamaguchi
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Japan; (N.Y.); (Y.N.); (R.H.); (Y.I.); (R.W.); (H.S.); (J.S.); (T.T.)
| | - Yuki Nakagami
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Japan; (N.Y.); (Y.N.); (R.H.); (Y.I.); (R.W.); (H.S.); (J.S.); (T.T.)
| | - Ryosuke Hase
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Japan; (N.Y.); (Y.N.); (R.H.); (Y.I.); (R.W.); (H.S.); (J.S.); (T.T.)
| | - Hidekazu Takahashi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari 794-8555, Japan;
| | - Yasutaka Ishimaru
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Japan; (N.Y.); (Y.N.); (R.H.); (Y.I.); (R.W.); (H.S.); (J.S.); (T.T.)
| | - Rie Watanabe
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Japan; (N.Y.); (Y.N.); (R.H.); (Y.I.); (R.W.); (H.S.); (J.S.); (T.T.)
| | - Hiroyuki Saito
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Japan; (N.Y.); (Y.N.); (R.H.); (Y.I.); (R.W.); (H.S.); (J.S.); (T.T.)
| | - Junki Shimokawa
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Japan; (N.Y.); (Y.N.); (R.H.); (Y.I.); (R.W.); (H.S.); (J.S.); (T.T.)
| | - Hiroshi Yamamoto
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan; (H.Y.); (S.K.)
| | - Shinya Kikuchi
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan; (H.Y.); (S.K.)
| | - Tsuyoshi Tanabe
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube 755-8505, Japan; (N.Y.); (Y.N.); (R.H.); (Y.I.); (R.W.); (H.S.); (J.S.); (T.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liu L, Wang X, Liu Y, Zhao X, Xu Z, Ma Y, Xu G, Wen D. Association of plasma branched-chain amino acids with overweight: A Mendelian randomization analysis. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1708-1718. [PMID: 34490739 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A Mendelian randomization (MR) framework was applied to disentangle the causal effect of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and overweight/obesity in Chinese adolescents. METHODS Circulating BCAA levels were measured by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. A total of 7 BCAAs and 12 BMI-associated common variants identified from released genome-wide association study results were genotyped. Furthermore, a bidirectional MR approach was undertaken to disentangle the causal effect of BCAAs and overweight/obesity, using two-stage regression. RESULTS Using the inverse variance-weighted strategy and the weighted genetic scoring instruments, the estimated odds ratio per 1-arbitrary-unit increase in the total BCAA level on overweight and obesity odds after adjusting for age and sex was 2.40 (95% CI: 1.38 to 3.42, p < 0.001) and 2.55 (95% CI: 1.35 to 4.82, p = 0.004), respectively. Furthermore, additional MR tests were undertaken using a reversed model, testing the causal effect of increasing BMI variants on total BCAA level. By contrast, no evidence that increased BMI was causally associated with the total BCAA level (estimated β associated with 1-kg/m2 increase in BMI = 0.05, 95% CI: -0.17 to 0.28, p = 0.642) was observed. CONCLUSIONS In summary, BCAAs may be causally associated with overweight/obesity or, rather, a congenital dysmetabolism of BCAAs could be a cause of overweight/obesity in adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xinjie Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhiyong Xu
- Educational Research Centre of Huanggu District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yanan Ma
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Guowang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Deliang Wen
- Institute of Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sun J, Ding W, Liu X, Zhao M, Xi B. Serum metabolites of hypertension among Chinese adolescents aged 12-17 years. J Hum Hypertens 2021; 36:925-932. [PMID: 34480101 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-021-00602-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The regulatory mechanisms of hypertension in youth are incompletely understood. We aimed to identify potential serum metabolic alterations associated with hypertension in adolescents. A 1:1 age- and sex-matched case-control study including 30 hypertensive adolescents aged 12-17 years and 30 normotensive adolescents for the training set and 14 hypertensive adolescents and 14 normotensive adolescents for the test set was performed, which came from one cross-sectional study in Ningxia, China. Hypertension was defined based on blood pressure (BP) values measured on three different occasions according to the BP reference of Chinese children and adolescents. Untargeted ultra-high-performance liquid tandem chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry was used to identify differential metabolites between hypertensive and normotensive adolescents. A total of 77 metabolites in positive mode and 101 in negative mode were identified (VIP > 1.0 and P < 0.05). After adjustment for the false discovery rate, 4 differential metabolites in positive mode and 10 in negative mode were found (Q value < 0.05). The logistic regression model adjusted for body mass index and lipid profile selected four significant metabolites (4-hydroxybutanoic acid, L-serine, acetone, and pterostilbene). The main metabolic pathways of amino acid metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, fructose and mannose metabolism, and linoleic acid metabolism may contribute to the development of hypertension in Chinese adolescents. Based on the receiver operating characteristic plot, 4-hydroxybutanoic acid, L-serine, acetone, and pterostilbene may preliminarily help distinguish hypertension from normal BP in adolescents, with AUC values of 0.857 in the training set and 0.934 in the test set. The identified metabolites and pathways may foster a better understanding of hypertension pathogenesis in Chinese adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenqing Ding
- Department of Children and Adolescents Health Care, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Xi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Alqudah A, Wedyan M, Qnais E, Jawarneh H, McClements L. Plasma Amino Acids Metabolomics' Important in Glucose Management in Type 2 Diabetes. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:695418. [PMID: 34335259 PMCID: PMC8320811 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.695418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The perturbation in plasma free amino acid metabolome has been observed previously in diabetes mellitus, and is associated with insulin resistance as well as the onset of cardiovascular disease in this population. In this study, we investigated, for the first time, changes in the amino acid profile in a group of people with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D) with normal BMI, from Jordan, who were only managed on metformin. Twenty one amino acids were evaluated in plasma samples from 124 people with T2D and 67 healthy controls, matched for age, gender and BMI, using amino acids analyser. Total amino acids, essential amino acids, non-essential amino acids and semi-essential amino acids were similar in T2D compared to healthy controls. Plasma concentrations of four essential amino acids were increased in the presence of T2D (Leucine, p < 0.01, Lysine, p < 0.001, Phenylalanine, p < 0.01, Tryptophan, p < 0.05). On the other hand, in relation to non-essential amino acids, Alanine and Serine were reduced in T2D (p < 0.01, p < 0.001, respectively), whereas Aspartate and Glutamate were increased in T2D compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001, p < 0.01, respectively). A semi-essential amino acid, Cystine, was also increased in T2D compared to healthy controls (p < 0.01). Citrulline, a metabolic indicator amino acid, demonstrated lower plasma concentration in T2D compared to healthy controls (p < 0.01). These amino acids were also correlated with fasting blood glucose and HbA1c (p < 0.05). Glutamate, glycine and arginine were correlated with the duration of metformin treatment (p < 0.05). No amino acid was correlated with lipid profiles. Disturbances in the metabolism of these amino acids are closely implicated in the pathogenesis of T2D and associated cardiovascular disease. Therefore, these perturbed amino acids could be explored as therapeutic targets to improve T2D management and prevent associated cardiovascular complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahim Alqudah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Mohammed Wedyan
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Esam Qnais
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Hassan Jawarneh
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Lana McClements
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Arimura E, Ushikai M, Horiuchi M. Higher Branched-chain Amino Acids and Lower Serine Exist in the Plasma of Nondiabetic Mice: A Comparison Between High- and Low-protein Diet Conditions. In Vivo 2021; 35:1555-1560. [PMID: 33910835 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The effects of dietary protein and carbohydrate content on the plasma amino acid profile of patients with diabetes are not fully understood. Therefore, we examined whether there are effects of diets with differing proportions of protein and carbohydrate on the plasma amino acid concentrations of control (CT) mice and mice with type 2 diabetes (db). MATERIALS AND METHODS We used db mice as an animal model of type 2 diabetes which are genetically deficient in leptin receptor. Diets with differing proportions of protein and carbohydrates (L diet: low protein/carbohydrate ratio, H diet: high protein/carbohydrate ratio) were supplied. db Mice were fed with a restriction on the basis of the consumption by CT-L mice, such that equivalent amounts of energy and fat were consumed. In CT mice fed the L or H diets, there was no significant difference in ad libitum food intake. RESULTS There were significant interactions between diet and genotype with respect to water intake, urine volume, urinary glucose concentration, and plasma isoleucine, leucine, valine, branched-chain amino acids, and serine concentrations. db-H mice showed significantly higher water intake, urine volume, and urinary glucose than db-L mice. db Mice fed the L or H diets had similar plasma amino acid profiles, except for valine. In contrast, CT-H mice showed significantly higher valine and branched-chain amino acids and lower serine concentrations than CT-L mice. Thus, the CT-H mice were more similar to db mice fed either of the diets. CONCLUSION There were different effects of the dietary protein or carbohydrate content on the plasma amino acid profiles between nondiabetic and diabetic mice. In particular, the profiles in nondiabetic conditions were different between the low- and high-protein diet conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emi Arimura
- Major in Food and Nutrition, Department of Life and Environmental Science, Kagoshima Prefectural College, Kagoshima, Japan; .,Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Miharu Ushikai
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masahisa Horiuchi
- Department of Hygiene and Health Promotion Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sakamoto T, Onozato M, Uekusa S, Ichiba H, Umino M, Shirao M, Fukushima T. Development of derivatization reagents bearing chiral 4-imidazolidinone for distinguishing primary amines from other amino acids and application to the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric analysis of miso. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1652:462341. [PMID: 34192611 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We designed and synthesized three novel derivatization reagents bearing chiral 4-imidazolidinone, namely succinimidyl 2-(3-((benzyloxy)carbonyl)-1-methyl, ethyl, and -phenyl-5-oxoimidazolidin-4-yl)acetates (CIMs), for use in liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. The CIMs were able to discriminate primary amines from other compounds such as secondary amines and phenols, based on their unique m/z reduction of precursor ion to form product ion in MS/MS. As amino acid derivatization reagents, the CIMs were compared in terms of enantioseparation of amino acid and detection sensitivity. CIMa-OSu with 1-methyl-5-oxoimidazolidinone moiety gave the best optical resolution and detection sensitivity among the CIM reagents. Next, we applied (R)-CIMa-OSu to determine amino acids in miso by LC-triple-quadrupole MS. The proposed method achieved simultaneous determination of 20 l-amino acids and two d-amino acids (d-alanine and d-serine) in the sample with a high sensitivity (limits of detection 5-238 fmol, signal-to-noise ratio 3.3). After derivatization with CIMa-OSu, it was possible to determine whether each peak in the chromatogram was a component of primary amine or not, by using a high-resolution orbitrap MS instrument.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Sakamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Mayu Onozato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Shusuke Uekusa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ichiba
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Maho Umino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Mika Shirao
- Department of Food and Health Sciences, Jissen Women's University, 4-1-1 Osakaue, Hino, Tokyo 191-8510, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukushima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Population epidemiology and concordance for plasma amino acids and precursors in 11-12-year-old children and their parents. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3619. [PMID: 33574360 PMCID: PMC7878730 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80923-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acid (AA) concentrations are influenced by both exogenous (e.g. diet, lifestyle) and endogenous factors (e.g. genetic, transcriptomic, epigenetic, and metabolomic). Fasting plasma AA profiles in adulthood are predictive of diabetes risk over periods of up to 12 years. Data on AA profiles in cross-generational cohorts, including individuals from shared gene-environment settings are scarce, but would allow the identification of the contribution of heritable and environmental factors characterising the levels of circulating AAs. This study aimed to investigate parent–child (familial dyad) concordance, absolute differences between generations- (children versus adults), age- (in adults: 28–71 years), and sex-dependent differences in plasma AA concentrations. Plasma AA concentrations were measured by UHPLC/MS–MS in 1166 children [mean (SD) age 11 (0.5) years, 51% female] and 1324 of their parents [44 (5.1) years, 87% female]. AA concentrations were variably concordant between parents and their children (5–41% of variability explained). Most AA concentrations were higher in adults than children, except for the non-essential AAs arginine, aspartic acid, glutamine, hydroxy-proline, proline, and serine. Male adults and children typically had higher AA concentrations than females. The exceptions were alanine, glutamine, glycine, hydroxy-proline, serine, and threonine in girls; and glycine and serine in women. Age, sex, and shared familial factors are important determinants of plasma AA concentrations.
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang F, Wang B, Chen X, Liu W, Wang G, Li X, Liu X, Li N, Zhang J, Yin T, Jing J, Chang X, Jin Y, Zhang Y, Zhao Y. Association Between Blood Pressure and Branched-Chain/Aromatic Amino Acid Excretion Rate in 24-Hour Urine Samples from Elderly Hypertension Patients. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:3965-3973. [PMID: 34531669 PMCID: PMC8439623 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s324153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, the association between lifestyle-related diseases and free amino acids in the blood plasma-especially branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and aromatic amino acids (AAAs)-has been highlighted. However, few studies have been carried out on 24-hour urine samples. Therefore, we aimed to explore the relationships between 24-hour urinary BCAAs and AAAs excretion rate and blood pressure (BP) in elderly patients with hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS Each of the 322 elderly patients with hypertension completed an in-person questionnaire interview, underwent a physical examination, and provided a 24-hour urine specimen. We measured their BCAAs and AAAs excretion rate, and used multiple linear regression analysis with variable selection to construct models describing the relationships between their BCAAs and AAAs excretion rate and BP. After adjusted for age, gender, height, and weight, valine was inversely associated with both systolic blood pressure (SBP) (β: -0.232, 95% CI: -0.16, -0.006) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (β: -0.144, 95% CI: -0.089, -0.005). These findings were invariant even following adjustment for urine volume and drugs history, and Ile was positively associated with DBP (β: 0.170, 95% CI: 0.001, 0.066). CONCLUSION The data revealed that the excretion rate of 24-hour urinary BCAAs was closely related to BP in elderly hypertension patients, and these findings will provide new insights into the association between BACC metabolism and BP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faxuan Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Binxia Wang
- Second People’s Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiyuan Chen
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanlu Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoqi Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuying Liu
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Yin
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinyun Jing
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Chang
- Editorial Department of the Journal of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Jin
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Ningxia, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhao
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yi Zhao School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical UniversityTel +86 139 9501 1690Fax +86 951-6980144 Email
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sun S, He D, Luo C, Lin X, Wu J, Yin X, Jia C, Pan Q, Dong X, Zheng F, Li H, Zhou J. Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components Are Associated With Altered Amino Acid Profile in Chinese Han Population. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:795044. [PMID: 35058883 PMCID: PMC8765338 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.795044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies have found that the levels of plasma amino acids, such as branched-chain amino acids and aromatic amino acids, were associated with visceral obesity, insulin resistance, future development of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. However, few studies have involved a Chinese Han population. This study aimed to examine the association between amino acid profile and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in the Chinese Han population. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study, which enrolled a cohort of 473 participants from a community. We employed the isotope internal standard method to determine the plasma concentrations of 28 amino acids using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Participants were divided into MetS (n = 72) and non-MetS groups (n = 401) to analyze the association between amino acids and MetS and its components. RESULTS The prevalence of MetS was 15.2% according to the criteria. Plasma concentrations of isoleucine (Ile), leucine (Leu), valine (Val), tyrosine (Tyr), tryptophan (Trp), phenylalanine (Phe), glutamic acid (Glu), aspartic acid (Asp), alanine (Ala), histidine (His), methionine (Met), asparagine (Asn), and proline (Pro) were significantly higher in the MetS group than those in the non-MetS group (P < 0.05), but taurine (Tau) was significantly lower (P < 0.05). When MetS components were increased, the concentrations of these 13 amino acids significantly increased (P < 0.05), but Tau concentration was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). We extracted the amino acid profile by principal component analysis (PCA), PC1 and PC2, which extracted from the 14 amino acids, were significantly associated with MetS (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: 1.723, 1.325-2.085 and 1.325, 1.043-1.684, respectively). A total of 260 non-MetS participants were followed up effectively, and 42 participants developed new-onset MetS within 5 years. We found that the amino acid profile of PC1 was linked to the occurrence of future MetS. Decreased Tau was correlated with the future development of MetS. CONCLUSION Participants with MetS exhibit an abnormal amino acid profile, and its components gradually increase when these amino acids are altered. Amino acid PCA profile can be employed for assessing and monitoring MetS risk. Finally, decreased Tau may be linked to the future development of MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuiya Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongjuan He
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology, People’s Hospital of Quzhou, Quzhou, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology, People’s Hospital of Quzhou, Quzhou, China
| | - Xihua Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahua Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueyao Yin
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengfang Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuehong Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fenping Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jiaqiang Zhou, ; Hong Li,
| | - Jiaqiang Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jiaqiang Zhou, ; Hong Li,
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Oz O, Koyuncu I, Gonel A. A Pilot Study for Investigation of Plasma Amino Acid Profile in Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Patients. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2020; 25:114-122. [PMID: 33280590 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323666201204143206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurofibromatosis, also known as Von Recklinghausen disease, is a systemic and progressive genetic disease that primarily affects the skin, eyes, nervous system and bones. The disease can occur in a variety of ways and can vary from individuals. Metabolomic-based research using blood samples has enabled new diagnostic methods to be used in the diagnosis of various diseases, especially cancer. Among metabolites, profiling of plasma free amino acids (PFAA) is a promising approach because PFAAs bind all organ systems and play an important role in metabolism. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the characteristics of PFAA profiles in neurofibromatosis patients and the possibility of using them for early detection and treatment of the disease. METHOD Patients with a diagnosis of Neurofibromatosis Type I confirmed by genetic analysis and healthy individuals of the same age group without any disease were included in the study. We analysed the nineteen plasma free amino acids (phenylalanine, proline, threonine, arginine, asparagine, cystine, valine, glutamate, tyrosine, serine, glutamine, glycine, tryptophane, leucine, lysine, methionine, isoleucine, aspartate and alanine) from neurofibromatosis Type I patients and control group by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in Metabolism Laboratory of Harran University Research and Application Hospital. The results of the plasma free amino acid levels were divided into 3 groups as essential, semi-essential and non-essential. The differences of amino acid levels between groups were determined. RESULTS Eight amino acid levels (methionine, arginine, cystine, glutamine, proline, asparagine, serine, aspartate) were significantly altered in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. In essential amino acids, methionine levels were significantly higher in the patient group than the control group. While the levels of arginine and glutamine in semi-essential amino acids were statistically significantly higher in the patient group, a significant decrease was observed in cystine and proline levels compared to the control group's amino acid levels. In non-essential amino acids group, asparagine, serine and aspartate amino acid levels were significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group. CONCLUSION The current research predicates that eight amino acids, nsmely methionine, arginine, cystine, glutamine, proline, asparagine, serine, aspartate can be considered to be valuable biomarkers for neurofibromatosis type I. This present study is the first to build models for neurofibromatosis Type I screening using plasma free amino acids and the amino acid profile will guide the predicting of the complications that may occur during the course of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Oz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Harran University. Turkey
| | - Ismail Koyuncu
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry, Harran University. Turkey
| | - Ataman Gonel
- Department of Medicinal Biochemistry, Harran University. Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Le Couteur DG, Solon-Biet SM, Cogger VC, Ribeiro R, de Cabo R, Raubenheimer D, Cooney GJ, Simpson SJ. Branched chain amino acids, aging and age-related health. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101198. [PMID: 33132154 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Branched chain amino acids (BCAA: leucine, valine, isoleucine) have key physiological roles in the regulation of protein synthesis, metabolism, food intake and aging. Many studies report apparently inconsistent conclusions about the relationships between blood levels of BCAAs or dietary manipulation of BCAAs with age-related changes in body composition, sarcopenia, obesity, insulin and glucose metabolism, and aging biology itself. These divergent results can be resolved by consideration of the role of BCAAs as signalling molecules and the bidirectional mechanistic relationship between BCAAs and some aging phenotypes. The effects of BCAAs are also influenced by the background nutritional composition such as macronutrient ratios and imbalance with other amino acids. Understanding the interaction between BCAAs and other components of the diet may provide new opportunities for influencing age-related outcomes through manipulation of dietary BCAAs together with titration of macronutrient ratios and other amino acids.
Collapse
|
36
|
Higashiyama M, Miyazaki R, Yamamoto H, Anayama T, Kikuchi S, Hirohashi K, Okami J, Maniwa T, Kimura T, Orihashi K, Imamura F. Preoperative AminoIndex Cancer Screening (AICS) abnormalities predict postoperative recurrence in patients undergoing curative resection for non-small cell lung cancer. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1100. [PMID: 33183251 PMCID: PMC7659101 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07575-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AminoIndex™ Cancer Screening (AICS (lung)) was developed as a screening test for lung cancer using a multivariate analysis of plasma-free amino acid (PFAA) profiles. According to the developed index composed of PFAA, the probability of lung cancer was categorized into AICS (lung) ranks A, B, and C in order of increasing risk. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the preoperative AICS (lung) rank and surgical outcomes in patients who underwent curative resection for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Preoperative blood samples were collected from 297 patients who underwent curative resection for NSCLC between 2006 and 2015. PFAA concentrations were measured. The relationship between the preoperative AICS (lung) rank and clinicopathological factors was examined. The effects of the preoperative AICS (lung) rank on postoperative outcomes were also analyzed. RESULTS The AICS (lung) rank was A in 93 patients (31.3%), B in 82 (27.6%), and C in 122 (41.1%). The AICS (lung) rank did not correlate with any clinicopathological factors, except for age. Based on follow-up data (median follow-up period of 6 years), postoperative recurrence was observed in 22 rank A patients (23.7%), 15 rank B (18.3%) and 49 rank C (40.2%). In the univariate analysis, preoperative AICS (lung) rank C was a worse factor of recurrence-free survival (p = 0.0002). The multivariate analysis identified preoperative AICS (lung) rank C (HR: 2.17, p = 0.0005) as a significant predictor of postoperative recurrence, particularly in patients with early-stage disease or adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSION Preoperative AICS (lung) rank C is a high-risk predictor of postoperative recurrence in patients undergoing curative resection for NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Higashiyama
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan. .,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Higashiosaka City Medical Center, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Ryohei Miyazaki
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery II, Kochi University School of Medicine, Kochi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamamoto
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Anayama
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery II, Kochi University School of Medicine, Kochi, Japan
| | - Shinya Kikuchi
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kentaro Hirohashi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery II, Kochi University School of Medicine, Kochi, Japan
| | - Jiro Okami
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Maniwa
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Kimura
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Orihashi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery II, Kochi University School of Medicine, Kochi, Japan
| | - Fumio Imamura
- Department of Medical Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kimhofer T, Lodge S, Whiley L, Gray N, Loo RL, Lawler NG, Nitschke P, Bong SH, Morrison DL, Begum S, Richards T, Yeap BB, Smith C, Smith KGC, Holmes E, Nicholson JK. Integrative Modeling of Quantitative Plasma Lipoprotein, Metabolic, and Amino Acid Data Reveals a Multiorgan Pathological Signature of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:4442-4454. [PMID: 32806897 PMCID: PMC7489050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on human blood plasma were characterized using multiplatform metabolic phenotyping with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Quantitative measurements of lipoprotein subfractions, α-1-acid glycoprotein, glucose, and biogenic amines were made on samples from symptomatic coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) patients who had tested positive for the SARS-CoV-2 virus (n = 17) and from age- and gender-matched controls (n = 25). Data were analyzed using an orthogonal-projections to latent structures (OPLS) method and used to construct an exceptionally strong (AUROC = 1) hybrid NMR-MS model that enabled detailed metabolic discrimination between the groups and their biochemical relationships. Key discriminant metabolites included markers of inflammation including elevated α-1-acid glycoprotein and an increased kynurenine/tryptophan ratio. There was also an abnormal lipoprotein, glucose, and amino acid signature consistent with diabetes and coronary artery disease (low total and HDL Apolipoprotein A1, low HDL triglycerides, high LDL and VLDL triglycerides), plus multiple highly significant amino acid markers of liver dysfunction (including the elevated glutamine/glutamate and Fischer's ratios) that present themselves as part of a distinct SARS-CoV-2 infection pattern. A multivariate training-test set model was validated using independent samples from additional SARS-CoV-2 positive patients and controls. The predictive model showed a sensitivity of 100% for SARS-CoV-2 positivity. The breadth of the disturbed pathways indicates a systemic signature of SARS-CoV-2 positivity that includes elements of liver dysfunction, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and coronary heart disease risk that are consistent with recent reports that COVID-19 is a systemic disease affecting multiple organs and systems. Metabolights study reference: MTBLS2014.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Torben Kimhofer
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Computational and
Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University,
Harry Perkins Building, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Samantha Lodge
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Computational and
Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University,
Harry Perkins Building, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Luke Whiley
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Computational and
Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University,
Harry Perkins Building, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and
Translational Science, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009,
Australia
| | - Nicola Gray
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Computational and
Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University,
Harry Perkins Building, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Ruey Leng Loo
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Computational and
Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University,
Harry Perkins Building, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Nathan G. Lawler
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Computational and
Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University,
Harry Perkins Building, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Philipp Nitschke
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Computational and
Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University,
Harry Perkins Building, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Sze-How Bong
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Computational and
Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University,
Harry Perkins Building, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - David L. Morrison
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Computational and
Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University,
Harry Perkins Building, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Sofina Begum
- Section for Nutrition Research, Imperial
College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London
SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Toby Richards
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical
Sciences, University of Western Australia, and Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes,
Fiona Stanley Hospital, Harry Perkins Building, Murdoch,
Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Bu B. Yeap
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical
Sciences, University of Western Australia, and Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes,
Fiona Stanley Hospital, Harry Perkins Building, Murdoch,
Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Chris Smith
- The Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and
Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge,
Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ,
U.K.
| | - Kenneth G. C. Smith
- The Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and
Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge,
Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ,
U.K.
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Computational and
Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University,
Harry Perkins Building, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
- Section for Nutrition Research, Imperial
College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London
SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| | - Jeremy K. Nicholson
- Australian National Phenome Centre, Computational and
Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University,
Harry Perkins Building, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical
Sciences, University of Western Australia, and Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes,
Fiona Stanley Hospital, Harry Perkins Building, Murdoch,
Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
- Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial
College London, Level 1, Faculty Building South Kensington Campus, London
SW7 2AZ, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhang C, Dong L, Wu J, Qiao S, Xu W, Ma S, Zhao B, Wang X. Intervention of resistant starch 3 on type 2 diabetes mellitus and its mechanism based on urine metabonomics by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 128:110350. [PMID: 32521455 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As a severe metabolic disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has aroused increasing public attentions. Resistant starch 3 (RS3), as a starch resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis owing to its special structure, has a good effect on improving insulin resistance and reducing blood sugar in T2DM patients. However, the possible mechanisms were barely interpreted yet. In our research, we aimed to evaluate the effects and the possible mechanisms of RS3 on the treatment of T2DM. ICR mice treated with high-fat diet (HFD) for eight weeks, and then injected with streptozotocin (STZ) (100 mg/kg) to establish the T2DM. We choose the mice with the fast blood glucose (FBG) more than 11 mmol/L as T2DM. After treated for 11 weeks the relevant data was analyzed. According to the results, the FBG was dramatically reduced (p < 0.05), which also downregulated triglyceride (p < 0.01) and total cholesterol (p < 0.01). Additionally, the insulin resistance indexes were significantly reduced (p < 0.01), the homeostasis model assessment-β and insulin-sensitive index were significantly improved (p < 0.01) in RS3 group. Meanwhile, the metabolic profiles of urine were analyzed and 29 potential biomarkers were screened out, including amino acids and lipids. In conclusion, we speculated that the tricarboxylic acid cycle, amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism played roles in the therapeutic mechanisms of RS3 on T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caijuan Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Corner of Intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fang-Shan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Ling Dong
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Corner of Intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fang-Shan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jiahui Wu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Corner of Intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fang-Shan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Sanyang Qiao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Corner of Intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fang-Shan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Corner of Intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fang-Shan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Shuangshuang Ma
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Corner of Intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fang-Shan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Baosheng Zhao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Corner of Intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fang-Shan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Xueyong Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Northeast Corner of Intersection of Sunshine South Street and Baiyang East Road, Fang-Shan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chakraborty S, Mandal J, Cheng X, Galla S, Hindupur A, Saha P, Yeoh BS, Mell B, Yeo JY, Vijay-Kumar M, Yang T, Joe B. Diurnal Timing Dependent Alterations in Gut Microbial Composition Are Synchronously Linked to Salt-Sensitive Hypertension and Renal Damage. Hypertension 2020; 76:59-72. [PMID: 32450738 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.14830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alterations of diurnal rhythms of blood pressure (BP) and reshaping of gut microbiota are both independently associated with hypertension. However, the relationships between biorhythms of BP and gut microbial composition are unknown. We hypothesized that diurnal timing-associated alterations of microbial compositions are synchronous with diurnal rhythmicity, dip in BP, and renal function. To test this hypothesis, Dahl salt-sensitive (S) rats on low- and high-salt diets were examined for time of day effects on gut microbiota, BP, and indicators of renal damage. Major shifts in night and day patterns of specific groups of microbiota were observed between the dark (active) and light (rest) phases, which correlated with diurnal rhythmicity of BP. The diurnal abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria were independently associated with BP. Discrete bacterial taxa were observed to correlate independently or interactively with one or more of the following 3 factors: (1) BP rhythm, (2) dietary salt, and (3) dip in BP. Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities revealed diurnal timing effects on microbial pathways, characterized by upregulated biosynthetic processes during the active phase of host, and upregulated degradation pathways of metabolites in the resting phase. Additional metagenomics functional pathways with rhythm variations were noted for aromatic amino acid metabolism and taurine metabolism. These diurnal timing dependent changes in microbiota, their functional pathways, and BP dip were associated with concerted effects of the levels of renal lipocalin 2 and kidney injury molecule-1 expression. These data provide evidence for a firm and concerted diurnal timing effects of BP, renal damage, and select microbial communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saroj Chakraborty
- From the Microbiome Consortium, Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH (S.J., J.M., X.C., S.G., A.H., P.S., B.S.Y., B.M., J.-Y.Y., M.V-K., T.Y., B.J.)
| | - Juthika Mandal
- From the Microbiome Consortium, Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH (S.J., J.M., X.C., S.G., A.H., P.S., B.S.Y., B.M., J.-Y.Y., M.V-K., T.Y., B.J.)
| | - Xi Cheng
- From the Microbiome Consortium, Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH (S.J., J.M., X.C., S.G., A.H., P.S., B.S.Y., B.M., J.-Y.Y., M.V-K., T.Y., B.J.)
| | - Sarah Galla
- From the Microbiome Consortium, Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH (S.J., J.M., X.C., S.G., A.H., P.S., B.S.Y., B.M., J.-Y.Y., M.V-K., T.Y., B.J.)
| | - Anay Hindupur
- From the Microbiome Consortium, Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH (S.J., J.M., X.C., S.G., A.H., P.S., B.S.Y., B.M., J.-Y.Y., M.V-K., T.Y., B.J.)
| | - Piu Saha
- From the Microbiome Consortium, Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH (S.J., J.M., X.C., S.G., A.H., P.S., B.S.Y., B.M., J.-Y.Y., M.V-K., T.Y., B.J.)
| | - Beng San Yeoh
- From the Microbiome Consortium, Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH (S.J., J.M., X.C., S.G., A.H., P.S., B.S.Y., B.M., J.-Y.Y., M.V-K., T.Y., B.J.)
| | - Blair Mell
- From the Microbiome Consortium, Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH (S.J., J.M., X.C., S.G., A.H., P.S., B.S.Y., B.M., J.-Y.Y., M.V-K., T.Y., B.J.)
| | - Ji-Youn Yeo
- From the Microbiome Consortium, Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH (S.J., J.M., X.C., S.G., A.H., P.S., B.S.Y., B.M., J.-Y.Y., M.V-K., T.Y., B.J.)
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- From the Microbiome Consortium, Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH (S.J., J.M., X.C., S.G., A.H., P.S., B.S.Y., B.M., J.-Y.Y., M.V-K., T.Y., B.J.)
| | - Tao Yang
- From the Microbiome Consortium, Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH (S.J., J.M., X.C., S.G., A.H., P.S., B.S.Y., B.M., J.-Y.Y., M.V-K., T.Y., B.J.)
| | - Bina Joe
- From the Microbiome Consortium, Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH; and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH (S.J., J.M., X.C., S.G., A.H., P.S., B.S.Y., B.M., J.-Y.Y., M.V-K., T.Y., B.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lee J, Lee KS, Kim H, Jeong H, Choi MJ, Yoo HW, Han TH, Lee H. The relationship between metabolic syndrome and the incidence of colorectal cancer. Environ Health Prev Med 2020; 25:6. [PMID: 32075578 PMCID: PMC7031951 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-020-00845-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) according to the number of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components. METHODS Using health checkup and insurance claims data of 6,365,409 subjects, the occurrence of CRC according to stage of MetS by sex was determined from the date of the health checkup in 2009 until December 31, 2018. RESULTS Cumulative incidence rates (CIR) of CRC in men and women was 3.9 and 2.8 per 1000 (p < 0.001), respectively. CIR of CRC for the normal, pre-MetS, and MetS groups in men was 2.6, 3.9, and 5.5 per 1000 (p < 0.001) and CIR in women was 2.1, 2.9, and 4.5 per 1000 (p < 0.001), respectively. Compared with the normal group, the hazard ratio (HR) of CRC for the pre-MetS group was 1.25 (95% CI 1.17-1.33) in men and 1.09 (95% CI 1.02-1.17) in women, and the HR of CRC for the MetS group was 1.54 (95% CI 1.43-1.65) in men and 1.39 (95% CI 1.26-1.53) in women after adjustment. CONCLUSIONS We found that MetS is a risk factor for CRC in this study. Therefore, the prevention and active management of MetS would contribute to the prevention of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JungHyun Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Neungdongro 120, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029 Korea
| | - Kun Sei Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Neungdongro 120, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029 Korea
| | - Hyeongsu Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Neungdongro 120, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029 Korea
| | - Hyoseon Jeong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Neungdongro 120, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029 Korea
| | - Min-Jung Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Neungdongro 120, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029 Korea
| | - Hai-Won Yoo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Neungdongro 120, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029 Korea
| | - Tae-Hwa Han
- Health IT Center, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lee
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
de la O V, Zazpe I, Ruiz-Canela M. Effect of branched-chain amino acid supplementation, dietary intake and circulating levels in cardiometabolic diseases: an updated review. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2020; 23:35-50. [PMID: 31688095 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are essential amino acids derived from diet. BCAA supplementation has been recommended in elderly and athletes, but recent studies suggest an association between high dietary BCAAs and blood levels of BCAAs with greater risk of cardiometabolic diseases (CMD). This review aims to integrate current epidemiological evidence analyzing the association between BCAAs and related-CMD risk factors. RECENT FINDINGS Most epidemiological studies consistently show that dietary BCAAs are associated with higher risk of type-2 diabetes (T2D) whereas there is limited evidence related with other cardiovascular risk factors. Evidence also exists showing an association between higher circulating BCAA levels and risk of T2D and cardiovascular disease, and also probably with metabolic syndrome and overweight/obesity. Several clinical trials suggest beneficial cardiometabolic effect of BCAAs supplementation, although with a small sample size and short follow-up. Studies show a weak correlation between dietary BCAAs and circulating BCAA levels. Protein quality sources and whole dietary pattern are key aspects to improve our understanding of the effect of BCAAs as well as factors associated with higher protein needs, such as age or frailty. SUMMARY Dietary and circulating BCAAs exhibit possible detrimental cardiometabolic effects, but BCAA supplementation may have some positive influence on target groups with nutritional deficiencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor de la O
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA) Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Flores-Guerrero JL, Groothof D, Connelly MA, Otvos JD, Bakker SJL, Dullaart RPF. Concentration of Branched-Chain Amino Acids Is a Strong Risk Marker for Incident Hypertension. Hypertension 2019; 74:1428-1435. [PMID: 31587574 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The potential role of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic diseases is increasingly recognized, but the association of BCAAs with incident hypertension remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to explore the association of BCAAs with incident hypertension in a prospective population-based cohort study. We measured plasma concentrations of BCAAs by means of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in 4169 participants from the PREVEND (Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-stage Disease) study. We estimated the risk of incident hypertension using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models. After a median follow-up of 8.6 years, incident hypertension was ascertained in 924 subjects. Cox regression analyses revealed a significant association between BCAAs and incident hypertension. The hazard ratio per one SD of BCAAs was 1.11 (95% CI, 1.02-1.20; P=0.01) after full adjustment for multiple clinical variables. Likewise, the fully adjusted association remained significant when evaluated as categorical variable (hazard ratio for upper quartile with lowest quartile as reference category, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.11-1.68; P=0.003). Furthermore, the net reclassification improvement assessment improved after addition of BCAAs to a traditional risk model (P<0.001). This prospective study revealed that high plasma concentrations of BCAAs are associated with an increased risk of newly developed hypertension. The association remained after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and lipid profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Flores-Guerrero
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology (J.L.F.-G., D.G., S.J.L.B.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dion Groothof
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology (J.L.F.-G., D.G., S.J.L.B.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Margery A Connelly
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (LabCorp), Morrisville, NC (M.A.C., J.D.O.)
| | - James D Otvos
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (LabCorp), Morrisville, NC (M.A.C., J.D.O.)
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology (J.L.F.-G., D.G., S.J.L.B.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Robin P F Dullaart
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (R.P.F.D.), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Altered branched chain amino acid metabolism: toward a unifying cardiometabolic hypothesis. Curr Opin Cardiol 2019; 33:558-564. [PMID: 29994805 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000000552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type II diabetes (T2D) share common etiologic pathways that may long precede the development of clinically evident disease. Early identification of risk markers could support efforts to individualize risk prediction and improve the efficacy of primary prevention, as well as uncover novel therapeutic targets. RECENT FINDINGS Altered metabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), and their subsequent accumulation in circulation, may precede the development of insulin resistance and clinically manifest cardiometabolic diseases. BCAAs - the essential amino acids leucine, isoleucine and valine - likely promote insulin resistance through activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1. Epidemiologic studies demonstrate robust associations between BCAAs and incident T2D, and Mendelian randomization supports a potentially causal relationship. More recently, there is emerging evidence that BCAAs are also associated with incident atherosclerotic CVD, possibly mediated by the development of T2D. SUMMARY In this article, we review the biochemistry of BCAAs, their potential contribution to cardiometabolic risk, the available evidence from molecular epidemiologic studies to date, and, finally, consider future research and clinical directions. Overall, BCAAs represent a promising emerging target for risk stratification and possible intervention, to support efforts to mitigate the burden of cardiometabolic disease in the population.
Collapse
|
44
|
Kato S, Inagaki K, Oikawa T. Application of l-methionine γ-lyase in chiral amino acid analysis. Anal Biochem 2019; 580:56-61. [PMID: 31163123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Here, a conventional chiral amino acid analysis method using high-performance liquid chromatography was coupled with a sample pretreatment using l-methionine γ-lyase from Pseudomonas putida ICR 3460 for the selective analysis of l-methionine and l-tryptophan. The sample was analyzed after the degradation of l-methionine with l-methionine γ-lyase, as l-methionine coelutes with l-tryptophan under the standard chiral amino acid analytical conditions used for precolumn derivatization with o-phthalaldehyde and N-acetyl-l-cysteine. The l-tryptophan in the sample was then eluted as a clearly separated peak and analyzed further. Since the l-methionine γ-lyase did not act on l-tryptophan, we were able to calculate the l-methionine or l-tryptophan concentration based on the data obtained from 2 individual runs: the sample with and without l-methionine γ-lyase pretreatment. The concentration of l-tryptophan was calculated from the data obtained from the sample with l-methionine γ-lyase pretreatment, while the concentration of l-methionine was calculated using the following equation: l-methionine concentration = {the data from the sample without l-methionine γ-lyase pretreatment}-{the data from the sample with l-methionine γ-lyase pretreatment}. Model samples containing authentic amino acids and a fermented food sample were analyzed by our method, and the calculated concentrations of l-methionine and l-tryptophan were consistently in agreement with the theoretical values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Kato
- Kansai University High Technology Research Center, 3-3-35 Yamate-Cho, Suita, Osaka, 564-8680, Japan
| | - Kenji Inagaki
- Department of Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima-naka 1-1-1, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tadao Oikawa
- Kansai University High Technology Research Center, 3-3-35 Yamate-Cho, Suita, Osaka, 564-8680, Japan; Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-Cho, Suita, Osaka, 564-8680, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Poggiogalle E, Fontana M, Giusti AM, Pinto A, Iannucci G, Lenzi A, Donini LM. Amino Acids and Hypertension in Adults. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071459. [PMID: 31252583 PMCID: PMC6683075 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests a potential role of dietary protein among nutritional factors interfering with the regulation of blood pressure. Dietary protein source (plant versus animal protein), and especially, protein composition in terms of amino acids has been postulated to interfere with mechanisms underlying the development of hypertension. Recently, mounting interest has been directed at amino acids in hypertension focusing on habitual dietary intake and their circulating levels regardless of single amino acid dietary supplementation. The aim of the present review was to summarize epidemiological evidence concerning the connection between amino acids and hypertension. Due to the large variability in methodologies used for assessing amino acid levels and heterogeneity in the results obtained, it was not possible to draw robust conclusions. Indeed, some classes of amino acids or individual amino acids showed non-causative association with blood pressure as well as the incidence of hypertension, but the evidence was far from being conclusive. Further research should be prompted for a thorough understanding of amino acid effects and synergistic actions of different amino acid classes on blood pressure regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Poggiogalle
- Department of Experimental Medicine-Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section; Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Mario Fontana
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli"; Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Giusti
- Department of Experimental Medicine-Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section; Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pinto
- Department of Experimental Medicine-Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section; Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gino Iannucci
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico 155, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine-Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section; Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Maria Donini
- Department of Experimental Medicine-Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology Section; Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Chen S, Akter S, Kuwahara K, Matsushita Y, Nakagawa T, Konishi M, Honda T, Yamamoto S, Hayashi T, Noda M, Mizoue T. Serum amino acid profiles and risk of type 2 diabetes among Japanese adults in the Hitachi Health Study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7010. [PMID: 31065046 PMCID: PMC6504928 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43431-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acids have emerged as novel biomarkers for predicting type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the epidemiologic data linking circulating amino acid profiles with T2D are sparse in Asian populations. We conducted a nested case-control study within a cohort of 4,754 nondiabetic Japanese employees who attended a comprehensive health checkup in 2008-2009 and agreed to provide blood samples. During a 5-year follow-up, incident T2D cases were ascertained based on plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and self-report. Two controls matched to each case on sex, age, and the date of serum sampling were randomly selected by using density sampling, resulting in 284 cases and 560 controls with amino acid measures. High concentrations of valine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, alanine, glutamate, ornithine, and lysine were associated with an increased risk of incident T2D, in a linear manner. High glutamine concentrations were associated with a decreased risk of incident T2D. Further adjustment for the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance attenuated these associations. Overall, these amino acids may be novel useful biomarkers in the identification of people at risk of T2D before overt symptoms. Insulin resistance may account for or mediate the relationship between these amino acids and risk of incident T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanmei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shamima Akter
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kuwahara
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Matsushita
- Department of Clinical Research, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Nakagawa
- Hitachi Health Care Center, Hitachi, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Maki Konishi
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Honda
- Hitachi Health Care Center, Hitachi, Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | | - Mitsuhiko Noda
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Association between plasma essential amino acids and atherogenic lipid profile in a Chinese population: A cross-sectional study. Atherosclerosis 2019; 286:7-13. [PMID: 31071661 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.04.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The association between amino acids and small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) and remnant-like particle cholesterol (RLP-C) remains poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the association between plasma essential amino acids (EAAs) and atherogenic lipid profiles. METHODS Plasma amino acid levels of 475 individuals were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. SdLDL-C, RLP-C, and other lipid components were evaluated. Associations between EAAs and lipid components or dyslipidemia were determined using correlation analysis and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS Concentrations of plasma branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) were positively correlated with sdLDL-C, RLP-C, and triglycerides (TG) levels, but inversely correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). In contrast, threonine concentration was inversely correlated with sdLDL-C, RLP-C, and TG. Compared with the lowest tertile, individuals in the highest tertile of plasma total BCAAs level had an odds ratio (OR) of 2.33 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.35, 4.03) for the risk of high sdLDL-C, 3.63 (95%CI: 1.69, 7.80) for the risk of high RLP-C, 3.10 (95%CI: 1.66, 5.80) for the risk of high TG, and 3.67 (95%CI: 2.00, 6.73) for atherogenic lipid triad (all p < 0.01). In contrast, compared with the lowest tertile, individuals in the highest plasma threonine tertile had a 43% lower OR for high sdLDL-C, 56% lower OR for high TG, and 55% lower OR for lipid triad risk (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Among the EAAs evaluated, elevated plasma BCAAs were significantly associated with increased risk of atherogenic lipid profile. In contrast, elevated threonine was associated with reduced risk of atherogenic lipid profile.
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhang ZY, Monleon D, Verhamme P, Staessen JA. Branched-Chain Amino Acids as Critical Switches in Health and Disease. Hypertension 2018; 72:1012-1022. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.10919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu Zhang
- From the KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology (Z.-Y.Z., J.A.S.), University of Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (Z.-Y.Z.)
| | - Daniel Monleon
- Metabolomic and Molecular Image Laboratory, Fundación Investigatión Clínico de Valencia, Spain (D.M.)
| | - Peter Verhamme
- KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (P.V.), University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan A. Staessen
- From the KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology (Z.-Y.Z., J.A.S.), University of Leuven, Belgium
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University, the Netherlands (J.A.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Merz B, Frommherz L, Rist MJ, Kulling SE, Bub A, Watzl B. Dietary Pattern and Plasma BCAA-Variations in Healthy Men and Women-Results from the KarMeN Study. Nutrients 2018; 10:E623. [PMID: 29762522 PMCID: PMC5985475 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) in plasma are discussed as risk factors for the onset of several diseases. Information about the contribution of the overall diet to plasma BCAA concentrations is controversial. Our objective was to investigate which dietary pattern is associated with plasma BCAA concentrations and whether other additional nutrients besides BCAA further characterize this dietary pattern. Based on the cross-sectional KarMeN study, fasting plasma amino acid (AA) concentrations, as well as current and habitual dietary intake were assessed in 298 healthy individuals. Using reduced rank regression, we derived a habitual dietary pattern that explained 32.5% of plasma BCAA variation. This pattern was high in meat, sausages, sauces, eggs, and ice cream but low in nuts, cereals, mushrooms, and pulses. The age, sex, and energy intake adjusted dietary pattern score was associated with an increase in animal-based protein together with a decrease in plant-based protein, dietary fiber, and an unfavorable fatty acid composition. Besides BCAA, alanine, lysine and the aromatic AA were positively associated with the dietary pattern score as well. All of these factors were reported to be associated with risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases before. Our data suggest that rather than the dietary intake of BCAA, the overall dietary pattern that contributes to high BCAA plasma concentrations may modulate chronic diseases risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Merz
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Lara Frommherz
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Manuela J Rist
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Sabine E Kulling
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner-Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Achim Bub
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Watzl
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Association of plasma free amino acids with hyperuricemia in relation to diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypertension and metabolic syndrome. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17616. [PMID: 29247200 PMCID: PMC5732272 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17710-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated independent contributions of plasma free amino acids (PFAAs) and high uric acid (UA) concentrations to increased risks of lifestyle-related diseases (LSRDs), but the important associations between these factors and LSRDs remain unknown. We quantified PFAAs and UA amongst Japanese subjects without LSRDs (no-LSRD, n = 2805), and with diabetes mellitus (DM, n = 415), dyslipidemia (n = 3207), hypertension (n = 2736) and metabolic syndrome (MetS, n = 717). The concentrations of most amino acids differed significantly between the subjects with and without hyperuricemia (HU) and also between the no-LSRD and LSRD groups (p < 0.05 to 0.001). After adjustment, the logistic regression analyses revealed that lysine in DM, alanine, proline and tyrosine in dyslipidemia, histidine, lysine and ornithine in hypertension, and lysine and tyrosine in MetS demonstrated significant positive associations with HU among the patients with LSRDs only (p < 0.05 to 0.005). By contrast, arginine, asparagine and threonine showed significant inverse associations with HU in the no-LSRD group only (p < 0.05 to 0.01). For the first time, we provide evidence for distinct patterns of association between PFAAs and HU in LSRDs, and postulate the possibility of interplay between PFAAs and UA in their pathophysiology.
Collapse
|