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Khan M, Hussain A, Yun BW, Mun BG. Melatonin: The Multifaceted Molecule in Plant Growth and Defense. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6799. [PMID: 38928504 PMCID: PMC11203645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MEL), a hormone primarily known for its role in regulating sleep and circadian rhythms in animals, has emerged as a multifaceted molecule in plants. Recent research has shed light on its diverse functions in plant growth and defense mechanisms. This review explores the intricate roles of MEL in plant growth and defense responses. MEL is involved in plant growth owing to its influence on hormone regulation. MEL promotes root elongation and lateral root formation and enhances photosynthesis, thereby promoting overall plant growth and productivity. Additionally, MEL is implicated in regulating the circadian rhythm of plants, affecting key physiological processes that influence plant growth patterns. MEL also exhibits antioxidant properties and scavenges reactive oxygen species, thereby mitigating oxidative stress. Furthermore, it activates defense pathways against various biotic stressors. MEL also enhances the production of secondary metabolites that contribute to plant resistance against environmental changes. MEL's ability to modulate plant response to abiotic stresses has also been extensively studied. It regulates stomatal closure, conserves water, and enhances stress tolerance by activating stress-responsive genes and modulating signaling pathways. Moreover, MEL and nitric oxide cooperate in stress responses, antioxidant defense, and plant growth. Understanding the mechanisms underlying MEL's actions in plants will provide new insights into the development of innovative strategies for enhancing crop productivity, improving stress tolerance, and combating plant diseases. Further research in this area will deepen our knowledge of MEL's intricate functions and its potential applications in sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murtaza Khan
- Department of Horticulture and Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Adil Hussain
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Department of Entomology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Byung-Wook Yun
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Gyu Mun
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
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Sati H, Chinchkar AV, Kataria P, Pareek S. The role of phytomelatonin in plant homeostasis, signaling, and crosstalk in abiotic stress mitigation. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14413. [PMID: 38924553 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increase in the study of phytomelatonin. Having numerous functions in animals, melatonin produced by plants (phytomelatonin) is also a multi-regulatory molecule with great potential in plant physiology and in mitigating abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, chilling, heat, chemical contamination, and UV-radiation stress. This review highlights the primary functions of phytomelatonin as an anti-stress molecule against abiotic stress. We discuss the role of phytomelatonin as a master regulator, oxidative stress manager, reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species regulator, and defense compounds inducer. Although there exist a handful of reviews on the crosstalk of phytomelatonin with other signaling molecules like auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, abscisic acid, ethylene, nitric oxide, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid, this review looks at studies that have reported a few aspects of phytomelatonin with newly discovered signaling molecules along with classical signaling molecules with relation to abiotic stress tolerance. The research and applications of phytomelatonin with hydrogen sulfide, strigolactones, brassinosteroids, and polyamines are still in their nascent stage but hold a promising scope for the future. Additionally, this review states the recent developments in the signaling of phytomelatonin with nitrogen metabolism and nitrosative stress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansika Sati
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Ajay V Chinchkar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonepat, Haryana, India
- Global Brand Resources Pvt. Ltd., Gandhidham (Kutch), Gujarat, India
| | - Priyanka Kataria
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sunil Pareek
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonepat, Haryana, India
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Su F, Li Y. Exogenous 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) facilitates cell growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa under high temperatures by enhancing the photosynthetic energy utilization and alleviating oxidative damage. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2024; 60:517-527. [PMID: 38451781 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The microalga Chlorella pyrenoidosa is cultivated extensively for its constituents, which are of significant economic worth. Large-scale growth of C. pyrenoidosa in outdoor environments is subject to various stressors such as elevated temperature. The purpose of this study was to assess the protective effects of exogenous 24-epibrassinolide (EBL) on C. pyrenoidosa under high-temperature conditions. Compared to a temperature of 30°C, increasing the temperature to 43°C reduced the enzymatic capacity for carbon assimilation and resulted in the buildup of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus reducing photosynthesis and proliferation. It was observed that exogenous EBL protected C. pyrenoidosa cells against high temperatures, with an optimal EBL concentration of 100 nM, resulting in enhanced capacity for photosynthetic carbon assimilation with a notable reduction in the imbalance between the absorption of light and energy used under high-temperature conditions. The addition of 100 nM EBL resulted in a 25.4% increase in cell density when exposed to elevated temperatures for 7 days. In addition, exogenous EBL reduced ROS production and increased the activities of critical antioxidant enzymes. This, in turn, mitigated heat-induced oxidative damage, resulting in advantageous outcomes in terms of cellular development and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Su
- Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Coastal Basin Environment, Ocean College, Fujian Polytechnic Normal University, Fuqing, Fujian, China
| | - Yongfu Li
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bioresources Sustainable Utilization, Key Laboratory of Marine Hazards Forecasting, Ministry of Natural Resources, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
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Amini Z, Salehi H, Chehrazi M, Etemadi M, Xiang M. miRNAs and Their Target Genes Play a Critical Role in Response to Heat Stress in Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:2004-2017. [PMID: 36913082 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00713-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Annual global temperature is increasing rapidly. Therefore, in the near future, plants will be exposed to severe heat stress. However, the potential of microRNAs-mediated molecular mechanism for modulating the expression of their target genes is unclear. To investigate the changes of miRNAs in thermo-tolerant plants, in this study, we first investigated the impact of four high temperature regimes including 35/30 °C, 40/35 °C, 45/40 °C, and 50/45 °C in a day/night cycle for 21 days on the physiological traits (total chlorophyll, relative water content and electrolyte leakage and total soluble protein), antioxidant enzymes activities (superoxide dismutase, ascorbic peroxidase, catalase and peroxidase), and osmolytes (total soluble carbohydrates and starch) in two bermudagrass accessions named Malayer and Gorgan. The results showed that more chlorophyll and the relative water content, lower ion leakage, more efficient protein and carbon metabolism and activation of defense proteins (such as antioxidant enzymes) in Gorgan accession, led to better maintained plant growth and activity during heat stress. In the next stage, to investigate the role of miRNAs and their target genes in response to heat stress in a thermo-tolerant plant, the impact of severe heat stress (45/40 °C) was evaluated on the expression of three miRNAs (miRNA159a, miRNA160a and miRNA164f) and their target genes (GAMYB, ARF17 and NAC1, respectively). All measurements were performed in leaves and roots simultaneously. Heat stress significantly induced the expression of three miRNAs in leaves of two accession, while having different effects on the expression of these miRNAs in roots. The results showed that a decrease in the expression of the transcription factor ARF17, no change in the expression of the transcription factor NAC1, and an increase in the expression of the transcription factor GAMYB in leaf and root tissues of Gorgan accession led to improved heat tolerance in it. These results also showed that the effect of miRNAs on the modulating expression of target mRNAs in leaves and roots is different under heat stress, and miRNAs and mRNAs show spatiotemporal expression. Therefore, the simultaneous analysis of miRNAs and mRNAs expressions in shoot and roots is needed to comprehensively understand miRNAs regulatory function under heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Amini
- Department of Horticultural Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Salehi
- Department of Horticultural Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mehrangiz Chehrazi
- Department of Horticultural Science, School of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Etemadi
- Department of Horticultural Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mingying Xiang
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
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Esmailpourmoghadam E, Salehi H, Moshtaghi N. Differential Gene Expression Responses to Salt and Drought Stress in Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00888-8. [PMID: 37742296 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00888-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Understanding gene expression kinetics and the underlying physiological mechanisms in stress combinations is a challenge for the purpose of stress resistance breeding. The novelty of this study is correlating the physiological mechanisms with the expression of key target genes in tall fescue under a combination of various salinity and osmotic stress treatments. Four drought- and salt-responsive genes belonging to different crucial pathways evaluated included one transcription factor FabZIP69, one for the cytosolic polyamine synthetase FaADC1, one for ABA signaling FaCYP707A1, and another one for the specific Na+/H+ plasma membrane antiporter FaSOS1 involve in osmotic homeostasis. FaSOS1, FaCYP707A1, and FabZIP69 were induced early at 6 h after NaCl treatment, while FaSOS1 and FaCYP707A1 were transcribed gradually after exposure to PEG. However, stress interactions showed a significantly increased expression in all genes. Expression of these genes was positively correlated to Pro, SSs, IL, DPPH, and antioxidant enzyme activity and negatively correlated with RWC, total Chl, and MSI. Chemical analyses showed that tall fescue plants exposed to the combination of stresses exhibited increased quantity of reactive oxygen species (H2O2), EL and DPPH, and higher levels of antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, and SOD), Pro, and SSs content, compared with control seedlings. Under dual-stress conditions, the expression of FabZIP69 was effective in controlling the expression of FaSOS1 and FaADC1 genes differently.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hassan Salehi
- Department of Horticultural Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Nasrin Moshtaghi
- Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Cao X, Sui J, Li H, Yue W, Liu T, Hou D, Liang J, Wu Z. Enhancing heat stress tolerance in Lanzhou lily ( Lilium davidii var. unicolor) with Trichokonins isolated from Trichoderma longibrachiatum SMF2. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1182977. [PMID: 37351207 PMCID: PMC10282843 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1182977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Lanzhou lily (Lilium davidii var. unicolor) is a renowned edible crop produced in China and relatively sensitive to high temperature (HT). Trichokonins (TKs) are antimicrobial peptaibols secreted from Trichoderma longibrachiatum strain SMF2. Here, we report that TKs application improves the thermotolerance of Lanzhou lily. The activity of the antioxidant enzyme system (SOD, CAT, and POD), the level of heat-resistance-associated phytohormones (ABA, SA, and JA), the relative water content (RWC), the content of chlorophyll (Chl), and the net photosynthetic rate (P n) were promoted by TKs treatment in Lanzhou lily plants subjected to heat stress (HS). TKs treatment also mitigated cell injury as shown by a lower accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and relative electrolyte leakage (REL) under HS conditions. RNA-seq data analysis showed that more than 4.5 times differentially expressed genes (DEGs) responded to TKs treatment under HS compared to non-HS, and TKs treatment reduced protein folding and enhanced cellular repair function under HS conditions. The analyses of DEGs involved in hormone (ABA, SA and JA) synthesis and signaling pathways suggested that TKs might improve Lanzhou lily heat tolerance by promoting ABA synthesis and signal transduction. TKs highly induced DEGs of the HSF-HSP pathway under HS, in which HSFA2 accounted for most of the HSF family. Furthermore, TKs treatment resulted in the upregulation of heat-protective genes LzDREB2B, LzHsfA2a, LzMBF1c, LzHsp90, and LzHsp70 involved in HSF-HSP signal pathway after long-term HS. LzHsfA2a-1 likely plays a key role in acquisition of TKs-induced thermotolerance of Lanzhou lily as evidenced by the sustained response to HS, the enhanced response to TKs treatment under long-term HS, and the high sequence similarity to LlHsfA2a which is a key regulator for the improvement of heat tolerance in Lilium longiflorum. Our results reveal the underlying mechanisms of TKs-mediated thermotolerance in Lanzhou lily and highlight an attractive approach to protecting crop plants from damage caused by HS in a global warming future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Cao
- Department of Environmental Art Design, College of Architecture, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Juanjuan Sui
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Anti-aging Chinese Herbal Medicine, Biology and Food Engineering College, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Department of Environmental Art Design, College of Architecture, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Wenxiu Yue
- Department of Environmental Art Design, College of Architecture, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Environmental Art Design, College of Architecture, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Dong Hou
- Vegetable Research Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Liang
- Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ze Wu
- Key Laboratory of Landscaping Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Sheikhi S, Ebrahimi A, Heidari P, Amerian MR, Rashidi-Monfared S, Alipour H. Exogenous 24-epibrassinolide ameliorates tolerance to high-temperature by adjusting the biosynthesis of pigments, enzymatic, non-enzymatic antioxidants, and diosgenin content in fenugreek. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6661. [PMID: 37095206 PMCID: PMC10125993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33913-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
High-temperature stress is widely considered a main plant-growth-limiting factor. The positive effects of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) as analogs of brassinosteroids (BRs) in modulating abiotic stresses have led this hormone to be referred to as a growth regulator in plants. The current study highlights the influence of EBR on enhancing tolerance to high-temperature and altering the diosgenin content in fenugreek. Different amounts of EBR (4, 8, and 16 μM), harvesting times (6, and 24 h), as well as temperature regimes (23 °C, and 42 °C) were, used as treatments. EBR application under normal temperature and high-temperature stress resulted in decreased malondialdehyde content and electrolyte leakage percentage, while the activity of antioxidant enzymes improved significantly. Exogenous EBR application possibly contributes to activating the nitric oxide, H2O2, and ABA-dependent pathways, enhancing the biosynthesis of abscisic acid and auxin, and regulating the signal transduction pathways, which raises fenugreek tolerance to high-temperature. The SQS (eightfold), SEP (2.8-fold), CAS (11-fold), SMT (17-fold), and SQS (sixfold) expression, considerably increased following EBR application (8 μM) compared to the control. Compared to the control, when the short-term (6 h) high-temperature stress was accompanied by EBR (8 μM), a sixfold increase in diosgenin content was achieved. Our findings highlight the potential role of exogenous 24-epibrassinolide in mitigating the high-temperature stress in fenugreek by stimulating the biosynthesis processes of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, chlorophylls, and diosgenin. In conclusion, the current results could be of utmost importance in breeding or biotechnology-based programs of fenugreek and also in the researches related to the engineering of the biosynthesis pathway of diosgenin in this valuable plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Sheikhi
- Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Semnan, Iran
| | - Amin Ebrahimi
- Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Parviz Heidari
- Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohamad Reza Amerian
- Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Semnan, Iran
| | - Sajad Rashidi-Monfared
- Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Alipour
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
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Colombage R, Singh MB, Bhalla PL. Melatonin and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7447. [PMID: 37108609 PMCID: PMC10138880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing food demand by the growing human population and declining crop productivity due to climate change affect global food security. To meet the challenges, developing improved crops that can tolerate abiotic stresses is a priority. Melatonin in plants, also known as phytomelatonin, is an active component of the various cellular mechanisms that alleviates oxidative damage in plants, hence supporting the plant to survive abiotic stress conditions. Exogenous melatonin strengthens this defence mechanism by enhancing the detoxification of reactive by-products, promoting physiological activities, and upregulating stress-responsive genes to alleviate damage during abiotic stress. In addition to its well-known antioxidant activity, melatonin protects against abiotic stress by regulating plant hormones, activating ER stress-responsive genes, and increasing protein homoeostasis, heat shock transcription factors and heat shock proteins. Under abiotic stress, melatonin enhances the unfolded protein response, endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation, and autophagy, which ultimately protect cells from programmed cell death and promotes cell repair resulting in increased plant survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Prem L. Bhalla
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (R.C.); (M.B.S.)
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Kolupaev YE, Taraban DA, Karpets YV, Makaova BE, Ryabchun NI, Dyachenko AI, Dmitriev OP. Induction of Cell Protective Reactions of Triticum aestivum and Secale cereale to the Effect of High Temperatures by Melatonin. CYTOL GENET+ 2023. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452723020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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10
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Raza A, Charagh S, García-Caparrós P, Rahman MA, Ogwugwa VH, Saeed F, Jin W. Melatonin-mediated temperature stress tolerance in plants. GM CROPS & FOOD 2022; 13:196-217. [PMID: 35983948 PMCID: PMC9397135 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2022.2106111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Global climate changes cause extreme temperatures and a significant reduction in crop production, leading to food insecurity worldwide. Temperature extremes (including both heat and cold stresses) is one of the most limiting factors in plant growth and development and severely affect plant physiology, biochemical, and molecular processes. Biostimulants like melatonin (MET) have a multifunctional role that acts as a "defense molecule" to safeguard plants against the noxious effects of temperature stress. MET treatment improves plant growth and temperature tolerance by improving several defense mechanisms. Current research also suggests that MET interacts with other molecules, like phytohormones and gaseous molecules, which greatly supports plant adaptation to temperature stress. Genetic engineering via overexpression or CRISPR/Cas system of MET biosynthetic genes uplifts the MET levels in transgenic plants and enhances temperature stress tolerance. This review highlights the critical role of MET in plant production and tolerance against temperature stress. We have documented how MET interacts with other molecules to alleviate temperature stress. MET-mediated molecular breeding would be great potential in helping the adverse effects of temperature stress by creating transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza
- College of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Sidra Charagh
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pedro García-Caparrós
- Agronomy Department of Superior School Engineering, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Md Atikur Rahman
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, Korea
| | | | - Faisal Saeed
- Department of Agricultural Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Turkey
| | - Wanmei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, Peking, China
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11
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Wang L, Zhou F, Liu X, Zhang H, Yan T, Sun Y, Shi K, Zheng X, Zhu Y, Shan D, Bai Y, Guo Y, Kong J. ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5-mediated suppression of melatonin biosynthesis is alleviated by darkness and promotes cotyledon opening. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4941-4953. [PMID: 35580847 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) biosynthesis in plants is induced by darkness and high-intensity light; however, the underlying transcriptional mechanisms and upstream signalling pathways are unknown. We identified a dark-induced and highly expressed melatonin synthetase in Arabidopsis thaliana, AtSNAT6, encoding serotonin N-acetyltransferase. We assessed melatonin content and AtSNAT6 expression in mutants lacking key regulators of light/dark signalling. AtCOP1 (CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1) and AtHY5 (ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5), which control light/dark transition and photomorphogenesis, promoted and suppressed melatonin biosynthesis, respectively. Using EMSA and ChIP-qPCR analysis, we showed that AtHY5 inhibits AtSNAT6 expression directly. An analysis of melatonin content in snat6 hy5 double mutant and AtHY5+AtSNAT6-overexpressing plants confirmed the regulatory function of AtHY5 and AtSNAT6 in melatonin biosynthesis. Exogenous melatonin further inhibited cotyledon opening in hy5 mutant and AtSNAT6-overexpressing seedlings, but partially reversed the promotion of cotyledon opening in AtHY5-overexpressing seedlings and snat6. Additionally, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutation of AtSNAT6 increased cotyledon opening in hy5 mutant, and overexpression of AtSNAT6 decreased cotyledon opening in AtHY5-overexpressing seedlings via changing melatonin biosynthesis, confirming that AtHY5 decreased melatonin-mediated inhibition of cotyledon opening. Our data provide new insights into the regulation of melatonin biosynthesis and its function in cotyledon opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianci Yan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanzhao Sun
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Shi
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongqian Shan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yixue Bai
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Guo
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Kong
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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12
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Wang G, Xing M, Hu T, Ji M, Li X, Amombo E, Shao A, Xu X, Fu J. Photosystem II photochemical adjustment of tall fescue against heat stress after melatonin priming. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 275:153758. [PMID: 35797828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High temperature is the key factor restricting the survival of tall fescue. Extreme summer hot events arise from global warming further increases this risk. As a candidate chemical priming agent previously reported, melatonin offers innovative solution to improve heat resistance of plants. However, the mechanistic insight remains ill-defined, especially in PSII photochemical reactions. In this study, we investigated the effect of melatonin priming on photosynthetic electron transport of PS II against heat stress in tall fescue. Results showed that melatonin weakened the electron transfer efficiency of PS II per light reaction center (RC) at donor-side and receptor-side, while increased the number of RC per unit cross-sectional area. The quenching analysis further revealed that the proportion of photochemical quenching, Y(II), increased by melatonin. Considering the enriched chl a and nonevent oxidative damage, we argued that inefficient but more abundant RC introduced by melatonin protected the PSII from oxidative damage under heat stress. Notably, these effects were dependent on melatonin concentration but not temperature, an optimal application concentration (50 μmol/L) was uncovered. Besides, melatonin decreased NPQ and encouraged reverse reaction of the xanthophyll cycle. We proposed that melatonin prevents the production of excessive excitation energy. In brief, melatonin plays a distinctive role in regulating photoelectric conversion of PSII of tall fescue under heat stress, increased its survival rate after heat shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyang Wang
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, 264025, China
| | - Meiling Xing
- China Agricultural University, Yantai, Shandong, 264670, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, GanSu, 730000, China
| | - Mingxia Ji
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, 264025, China
| | - Xiaoning Li
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, 264025, China
| | - Eric Amombo
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, 264025, China
| | - An Shao
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, 264025, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, 264025, China
| | - Jinmin Fu
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, 264025, China.
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13
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Sikdar A, Sharma U, Barua R, Igamberdiev AU, Debnath SC. Epigenomic insight of lingonberry and health-promoting traits during micropropagation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12487. [PMID: 35864145 PMCID: PMC9304418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16530-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic variation plays a role in developmental gene regulation and responses to the environment. An efficient interaction of zeatin-induced cytosine methylation and secondary compounds has been displayed for the first time in tissue-culture shoots/plants of lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) cultivar Erntedank in vitro (NC1, in a liquid medium; NC2, on a semi-solid medium), ex vitro (NC3, node culture-derived plants; LC1, leaf culture-derived plants) and its cutting-propagated (ED) plants. Through methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP) assay, we observed highest methylated sites in leaf regenerants (LC1) from all primer combinations (108 bands), along with the highest secondary metabolites. The four types of tissue culture-derived shoots/plants (NC1, NC2, NC3, LC1) showed higher methylation bands than cutting propagated donor plants (ED) that exhibited 79 bands of methylation, which is comparatively low. Our study showed more methylation in micropropagated shoots/plants than those derived from ED plants. On the contrary, we observed higher secondary metabolites in ED plants but comparatively less in micropropagated shoots (NC1, NC2) and plants (NC3, LC1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Sikdar
- St. John's Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.,Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Umanath Sharma
- St. John's Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.,Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Rajesh Barua
- St. John's Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.,Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Abir U Igamberdiev
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Samir C Debnath
- St. John's Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.
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Jiuxin L, Liebao H. Progress and Challenges in China Turfgrass Abiotic Stress Resistance Research. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:922175. [PMID: 35774814 PMCID: PMC9237609 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.922175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Turfgrasses are an important vehicle for urban ecology and one of the most important indicators of economy and civilization. The biological characteristics of different turfgrass species affect the productivity and quality of the turf and its potential use in landscapes, slopes, and sports fields. Cultivation and management techniques can assist turfgrasses to meet the challenges of climate change, while the development of molecular breeding will provide a broader platform for the application of turfgrasses. The turfgrass industry of China has developed considerably in the last three decades; however, there is still an objective gap with developed countries. This manuscript reviewed the research progress of turfgrass resistance breeding, analyzed the bottlenecks in the development of turfgrass resistance breeding, and put forward the strategies to cope with the bottlenecks. Our review aims to promote research and utilization of turfgrasses.
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15
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Yang L, Bu S, Zhao S, Wang N, Xiao J, He F, Gao X. Transcriptome and physiological analysis of increase in drought stress tolerance by melatonin in tomato. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267594. [PMID: 35580092 PMCID: PMC9113596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought stress seriously affects tomato growth, yield and quality. Previous reports have pointed out that melatonin (MT) can alleviate drought stress damage to tomato. To better understand the possible physiological and molecular mechanisms, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and leaf transcriptome profiles were analyzed in the "Micro Tom" tomato cultivar with or without melatonin irrigation under normal and drought conditions. Polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000) simulated continuous drought treatment reduced plant height, but melatonin treatment improved plant growth rate. Physiological parameter measurements revealed that the drought-induced decreases in maximum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry, the effective quantum yield of PSII, electron transfer rate, and photochemical quenching value caused by PEG6000 treatment were alleviated by melatonin treatment, which suggests a protective effect of melatonin on PSII. Comparative transcriptome analysis identified 447, 3982, 4526 and 3258 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the comparative groups plus-melatonin vs. minus-melatonin (no drought), drought vs. no drought (minus-melatonin), drought vs. no drought (melatonin) and plus-melatonin vs. minus-melatonin (drought), respectively. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed that DEGs in the four comparative groups were involved in multiple metabolic processes and closely related to hormone signal transduction and transcription factors. Transcriptome data revealed that melatonin changed the expression pattern of most hormone signal transduction related DEGs induced by drought, and improved plant drought resistance by down-regulating the expression of linoleic acid catabolic enzyme genes. These results provide new insights into a probable mechanism of the melatonin-induced protection of photosynthesis and enhancement of drought tolerance in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China,* E-mail: (LY); (XU)
| | - Sijia Bu
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shengxue Zhao
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Xiao
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng He
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Gao
- Key Laboratory for the Conservation and Utilization of Important Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China,* E-mail: (LY); (XU)
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16
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Yu Y, Deng L, Zhou L, Chen G, Wang Y. Exogenous Melatonin Activates Antioxidant Systems to Increase the Ability of Rice Seeds to Germinate under High Temperature Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:886. [PMID: 35406866 PMCID: PMC9003151 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High temperatures are a major concern that limit rice germination and plant growth. Although previous studies found that melatonin can promote seed germination, the physiological regulation mechanism by which exogenous melatonin mediates high temperature tolerance during rice seed germination is still largely unknown. In order to overcome these challenges, the present study investigates the effects of melatonin on the characteristics of rice seed germination as well as on antioxidant properties, under different high temperature conditions. The results show that 100 μM melatonin seed-soaking treatment under high temperature conditions effectively improves the germination potential, the germination index, and the vigor index of rice seeds; increases the length of the shoot and the root; improves the activity of the antioxidant enzymes; and significantly reduces the malondialdehyde content. The gray relational grade of the shoot peroxidase activity and the melatonin soaking treatment was the highest, which was used to evaluate the effect of melatonin on the heat tolerance of rice. The subordinate function method was used to comprehensively evaluate the tolerance, and the results show that the critical concentration of melatonin is 100 μM, and the critical interactive treatment is the germination at 38 °C and followed by the recovery at 26 °C for 1 day + 100 μM. In conclusion, 100 μM of melatonin concentration improved the heat resistance of rice seeds by enhancing the activity of the antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Yu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Y.); (L.D.); (L.Z.)
| | - Liyuan Deng
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Y.); (L.D.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lu Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Y.); (L.D.); (L.Z.)
| | - Guanghui Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization of Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Y.Y.); (L.D.); (L.Z.)
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17
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Zhang C, Li H, Li Y, Li Z, Mo F, Deng N, Xu J, Wang P. Toxicity of BPNSs against Chlorella vulgaris: Oxidative damage, physical damage and self-protection mechanism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 174:63-72. [PMID: 35149438 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNSs) has extensive application prospect in the fields of optoelectronics and biomedicine, due to its unique physicochemical properties. Therefore, a systematic toxic study is necessary to assess its environmental safety. Herein, BPNSs was prepared by liquid exfoliation procedure, the primary producer Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) was used as a test subject. After the exposure for 120 h at 15, 45 and 75 mg/L BPNSs, the cell viabilities were 45.05%, 18.86% and 4.60% for each treatment group, respectively. The extent of lipid peroxidation and peroxidative damage in C. vulgaris was confirmed by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, followed by determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Morphological analysis results (i.e., SEM and TEM) showed that BPNSs adhered to the cell surface and enter the cell to severely damage cell structure. Furthermore, BPNSs were shown to accelerate apoptosis in C. vulgaris by flow cytometry analysis. Finally, GC-MS was used to explore the metabolic regulatory mechanism of C. vulgaris in response to BPNSs stress. The results of this study can provide theoretical support for subsequent studies on the potential enrichment risk of BPNSs in the water environmental food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zhang
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Haibo Li
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| | - Yinghua Li
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| | - Zhe Li
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Fan Mo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ningcan Deng
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Jianing Xu
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Pengkai Wang
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
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18
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Liu M, Sun T, Liu C, Zhang H, Wang W, Wang Y, Xiang L, Chan Z. Integrated physiological and transcriptomic analyses of two warm- and cool-season turfgrass species in response to heat stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 170:275-286. [PMID: 34929431 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Warm- and cool-season turfgrasses were originated from different locations with contrasting heat tolerance. The molecular mechanisms of heat tolerance have not been extensively studied in turfgrass species. In this study, transcriptomic analysis showed that bermudagrass was more tolerant to heat stress as evidenced by lower contents of H2O2, proline and glutathione than those in tall fescue after heat treatment. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that 32.7% and 17.7% more genes were changed in tall fescue than in bermudagrass after 2 and 12h heat treatment, respectively. GO terms of redox were enriched in bermudagrass whereas metabolite transportation ones were over-represented in tall fescue after 2h treatment. Ubiquitin dependent degradation pathways were commonly regulated in both grass species. CdF-box and FaF-box transgenic Arabidopsis exhibited improved tolerance to heat stress. Regulatory elements analysis revealed that four ABA-responsive elements present in CdF-box promoter, indicating CdF-box could be potentially regulated by ABRE binding factors (ABFs). All these findings provide evidences for understanding heat stress response in warm- and cool-season grass species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Tianxiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Chunling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Weiliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Lin Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Zhulong Chan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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Hu D, Wei L, Liao W. Brassinosteroids in Plants: Crosstalk with Small-Molecule Compounds. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121800. [PMID: 34944444 PMCID: PMC8698649 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are known as the sixth type of plant hormone participating in various physiological and biochemical activities and play an irreplaceable role in plants. Small-molecule compounds (SMCs) such as nitric oxide (NO), ethylene, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are involved in plant growth and development as signaling messengers. Recently, the involvement of SMCs in BR-mediated growth and stress responses is gradually being discovered in plants, including seed germination, adventitious rooting, stem elongation, fruit ripening, and stress responses. The crosstalk between BRs and SMCs promotes plant development and alleviates stress damage by modulating the antioxidant system, photosynthetic capacity, and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as osmotic adjustment. In the present review, we try to explain the function of BRs and SMCs and their crosstalk in the growth, development, and stress resistance of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Weibiao Liao
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-931-763-2155; Fax: +86-931-763-2155
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20
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Hoque MN, Tahjib-Ul-Arif M, Hannan A, Sultana N, Akhter S, Hasanuzzaman M, Akter F, Hossain MS, Sayed MA, Hasan MT, Skalicky M, Li X, Brestič M. Melatonin Modulates Plant Tolerance to Heavy Metal Stress: Morphological Responses to Molecular Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111445. [PMID: 34768875 PMCID: PMC8584185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal toxicity is one of the most devastating abiotic stresses. Heavy metals cause serious damage to plant growth and productivity, which is a major problem for sustainable agriculture. It adversely affects plant molecular physiology and biochemistry by generating osmotic stress, ionic imbalance, oxidative stress, membrane disorganization, cellular toxicity, and metabolic homeostasis. To improve and stimulate plant tolerance to heavy metal stress, the application of biostimulants can be an effective approach without threatening the ecosystem. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), a biostimulator, plant growth regulator, and antioxidant, promotes plant tolerance to heavy metal stress by improving redox and nutrient homeostasis, osmotic balance, and primary and secondary metabolism. It is important to perceive the complete and detailed regulatory mechanisms of exogenous and endogenous melatonin-mediated heavy metal-toxicity mitigation in plants to identify potential research gaps that should be addressed in the future. This review provides a novel insight to understand the multifunctional role of melatonin in reducing heavy metal stress and the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Najmol Hoque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Khulna Agricultural University, Khulna 9100, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Tahjib-Ul-Arif
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (M.T.-U.-A.); (M.B.)
| | - Afsana Hannan
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (A.H.); (N.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Naima Sultana
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (A.H.); (N.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Shirin Akhter
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; (A.H.); (N.S.); (S.A.)
| | - Md. Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Biotechnology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;
| | - Fahmida Akter
- Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Sazzad Hossain
- Department of Agronomy and Haor Agriculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Abu Sayed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Toufiq Hasan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;
| | - Milan Skalicky
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Xiangnan Li
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China;
| | - Marián Brestič
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
- Correspondence: (M.T.-U.-A.); (M.B.)
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21
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24-epibrassinolide enhanced cold tolerance of winter turnip rape (Brassica rapa L.). Biologia (Bratisl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-00834-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Mannino G, Pernici C, Serio G, Gentile C, Bertea CM. Melatonin and Phytomelatonin: Chemistry, Biosynthesis, Metabolism, Distribution and Bioactivity in Plants and Animals-An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189996. [PMID: 34576159 PMCID: PMC8469784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a ubiquitous indolamine, largely investigated for its key role in the regulation of several physiological processes in both animals and plants. In the last century, it was reported that this molecule may be produced in high concentrations by several species belonging to the plant kingdom and stored in specialized tissues. In this review, the main information related to the chemistry of melatonin and its metabolism has been summarized. Furthermore, the biosynthetic pathway characteristics of animal and plant cells have been compared, and the main differences between the two systems highlighted. Additionally, in order to investigate the distribution of this indolamine in the plant kingdom, distribution cluster analysis was performed using a database composed by 47 previously published articles reporting the content of melatonin in different plant families, species and tissues. Finally, the potential pharmacological and biostimulant benefits derived from the administration of exogenous melatonin on animals or plants via the intake of dietary supplements or the application of biostimulant formulation have been largely discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mannino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Plant Physiology Unit, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/A, 10135 Turin, Italy; (G.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Carlo Pernici
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Plant Physiology Unit, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/A, 10135 Turin, Italy; (G.M.); (C.P.)
| | - Graziella Serio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Carla Gentile
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (C.M.B.); Tel.: +39-091-2389-7423 (C.G.); +39-011-670-6361 (C.M.B.)
| | - Cinzia M. Bertea
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Plant Physiology Unit, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/A, 10135 Turin, Italy; (G.M.); (C.P.)
- Correspondence: (C.G.); (C.M.B.); Tel.: +39-091-2389-7423 (C.G.); +39-011-670-6361 (C.M.B.)
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23
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Altaf MA, Shahid R, Ren MX, Mora-Poblete F, Arnao MB, Naz S, Anwar M, Altaf MM, Shahid S, Shakoor A, Sohail H, Ahmar S, Kamran M, Chen JT. Phytomelatonin: An overview of the importance and mediating functions of melatonin against environmental stresses. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:820-846. [PMID: 33159319 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, melatonin has gained significant importance in plant research. The presence of melatonin in the plant kingdom has been known since 1995. It is a molecule that is conserved in a wide array of evolutionary distant organisms. Its functions and characteristics have been found to be similar in both plants and animals. The review focuses on the role of melatonin pertaining to physiological functions in higher plants. Melatonin regulates physiological functions regarding auxin activity, root, shoot, and explant growth, activates germination of seeds, promotes rhizogenesis (growth of adventitious and lateral roots), and holds up impelled leaf senescence. Melatonin is a natural bio-stimulant that creates resistance in field crops against various abiotic stress, including heat, chemical pollutants, cold, drought, salinity, and harmful ultra-violet radiation. The full potential of melatonin in regulating physiological functions in higher plants still needs to be explored by further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rabia Shahid
- School of Economics, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Ming-Xun Ren
- Center for Terrestrial Biodiversity of the South China Sea, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | | | - Marino B Arnao
- Department of Plant Biology (Plant Physiology), Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Safina Naz
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Anwar
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Sidra Shahid
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Awais Shakoor
- Department of Environment and Soil Sciences, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Hamza Sohail
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Sunny Ahmar
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jen-Tsung Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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24
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Zhang Z, Pei X, Zhang R, Lu Y, Zheng J, Zheng Y. Molecular characterization and expression analysis of small heat shock protein 17.3 gene from Sorbus pohuashanensis (Hance) Hedl. in response to abiotic stress. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9325-9335. [PMID: 33242181 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sorbus pohuashanensis, a native tree species in China that is distributed at high altitudes. However, the problem of adaptability when introducing S. pohuashanensis to low altitude areas has not been solved. sHSPs can respond and play an essential role when exposing to abiotic stresses for plants. In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression patterns underlying the abiotic stress response of the small heat shock protein 17.3 gene from S. pohuashanensis (SpHSP17.3) at growing low altitude. 1 to 4 years old seedlings of S. pohuashanensis were used as materials for the gene cloning, the tissue-specific expression and the expression analysis underlying the response to abiotic stress using the transgentic methods and qPCR. We identified the open reading frame (ORF) sequence of SpHSP17.3 of 471 bp, which encodes a 17.3 kD protein of 156 amino acids that is located in cytoplasmic. We found that SpHSP17.3 had the highest expression in the stem, followed sequentially by fruit, root, and flower. The expression level of SpHSP17.3 in the leaves was significantly induced by the high temperature (42 °C), NaCl salt and drought stress of S. pohuashanensis. Notably, the same SpHSP17.3 expression trend was detected in the SpHSP17.3-overexpressing homozygous transgenic Arabidopsis underlying the high temperature, NaCl salt and drought stress, and the SpHSP17.3-overexpressing homozygous transgenic Arabidopsis also showed higher seed germination rates under the NaCl salt stress conditions. Our results suggested that SpHSP17.3 is involved in the response to high temperature, Nacl salt, and drought stress which would play a certain effect in the adaptability of introduction and domestication of S. pohuashanensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Zhang
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xin Pei
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ruili Zhang
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yizeng Lu
- Shandong Provincial Center of Forest Tree Germplasm Resources, Jinan, 250102, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Yongqi Zheng
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
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Siddiqui MH, Alamri S, Nasir Khan M, Corpas FJ, Al-Amri AA, Alsubaie QD, Ali HM, Kalaji HM, Ahmad P. Melatonin and calcium function synergistically to promote the resilience through ROS metabolism under arsenic-induced stress. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 398:122882. [PMID: 32516727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The interplay between melatonin (Mel) and calcium (Ca2+) in enhancing tolerance to metalloid toxicity and underlying physiological and biochemical mechanisms of this relationship still remains unknown. The present study reveals that the signaling molecules Mel and/or Ca2+ enhanced tolerance of Vicia faba (cv. Tara) plant to metalloid arsenic (As) toxicity. However, a combination of Mel and Ca2+ was more efficient than alone. Plants grew with As exhibited enhanced hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation together with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) producing enzymes, such as NADPH oxidase and glycolate oxidase (GOX). On the contrary, an inhibition in chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis and gas exchange parameters (net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration) was observed. Under As toxicity conditions, the application of Mel and Ca2+ synergistically suppressed the plants' program cell death features (nucleus condensation and nucleus fragmentation) in guard cells of stomata, DNA damage, and formation of ROS in guard cells, leaves and roots. Moreover, it enhanced gas exchange parameters and activity of enzymes involved in photosynthesis process (carbonic anhydrase and RuBisco), Chl biosynthesis (δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase), and decreased activity of Chl degrading enzyme (chlorophyllase) under As toxicity conditions. Our investigation evidently established that expression of ATP synthase, Ca2+-ATPase, Ca2+-DPKase, Hsp17.6 and Hsp40 was found maximum in the plants treated with Mel + Ca2+, resulting in higher tolerance of plants to As stress. Also, increased total soluble carbohydrates, cysteine, and Pro accumulation with increased Pro synthesizing enzyme (Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) and decreased Pro degrading enzyme (proline dehydrogenase) in Mel + Ca2+ treated plants conferred As toxicity tolerance. The obtained results postulate strong evidence that the application of Mel along with Ca2+ enhances resilience against As toxicity by upregulating the activity of plasma membrane H+-ATPase, enzymes involved in antioxidant system, and ascorbate-glutathione pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzer H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saud Alamri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Nasir Khan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, College of Haql, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C/Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Abdullah A Al-Amri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qasi D Alsubaie
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayssam M Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazem M Kalaji
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences SGGW, 159 Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 2455, Saudi Arabia
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ROS and NO Regulation by Melatonin Under Abiotic Stress in Plants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111078. [PMID: 33153156 PMCID: PMC7693017 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stress in plants is an increasingly common problem in agriculture, and thus, studies on plant treatments with specific compounds that may help to mitigate these effects have increased in recent years. Melatonin (MET) application and its role in mitigating the negative effects of abiotic stress in plants have become important in the last few years. MET, a derivative of tryptophan, is an important plant-related response molecule involved in the growth, development, and reproduction of plants, and the induction of different stress factors. In addition, MET plays a protective role against different abiotic stresses such as salinity, high/low temperature, high light, waterlogging, nutrient deficiency and stress combination by regulating both the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems. Moreover, MET interacts with many signaling molecules, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), and participates in a wide variety of physiological reactions. It is well known that NO produces S-nitrosylation and NO2-Tyr of important antioxidant-related proteins, with this being an important mechanism for maintaining the antioxidant capacity of the AsA/GSH cycle under nitro-oxidative conditions, as extensively reviewed here under different abiotic stress conditions. Lastly, in this review, we show the coordinated actions between NO and MET as a long-range signaling molecule, regulating many responses in plants, including plant growth and abiotic stress tolerance. Despite all the knowledge acquired over the years, there is still more to know about how MET and NO act on the tolerance of plants to abiotic stresses.
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Ma G, Zhang M, Xu J, Zhou W, Cao L. Transcriptomic analysis of short-term heat stress response in Pinellia ternata provided novel insights into the improved thermotolerance by spermidine and melatonin. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 202:110877. [PMID: 32574862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress has been a major environmental factor limiting the growth and development of Pinellia ternata which is an important Chinese traditional medicine. It has been reported that spermidine (SPD) and melatonin (MLT) play pivotal roles in modulating heat stress response (HSR). However, the roles of SPD and MLT in HSR of P. ternata, and the potential mechanism is still unknown. Here, exogenous SPD and MLT treatments alleviated heat-induced damages in P. ternata, which was supported by the increased chlorophyll content, OJIP curve, and relative water content, and the decreased malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage. Then, RNA sequencing between CK (control) and Heat (1 h of heat treatment) was conducted to analyze how genes were in response to short-term heat stress in P. ternata. A total of 14,243 (7870 up- and 6373 down-regulated) unigenes were differentially expressed after 1 h of heat treatment. Bioinformatics analysis revealed heat-responsive genes mainly included heat shock proteins (HSPs), ribosomal proteins, ROS-scavenging enzymes, genes involved in calcium signaling, hormone signaling transduction, photosynthesis, pathogen resistance, and transcription factors such as heat stress transcription factors (HSFs), NACs, WRKYs, and bZIPs. Among them, PtABI5, PtNAC042, PtZIP17, PtSOD1, PtHSF30, PtHSFB2b, PtERF095, PtWRKY75, PtGST1, PtHSP23.2, PtHSP70, and PtLHC1 were significantly regulated by SPD or MLT treatment with same or different trends under heat stress condition, indicating that exogenous application of MLT and SPD might enhance heat tolerance in P. ternata through regulating these genes but may with different regulatory patterns. These findings contributed to the identification of potential genes involved in short-term HSR and the improved thermotolerance by MLT and SPD in P. ternata, which provided important clues for improving thermotolerance of P. ternata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjing Ma
- Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi 445000, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Meide Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi 445000, China.
| | - Jilei Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Wuxian Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi 445000, China.
| | - Liwen Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Debnath B, Li M, Liu S, Pan T, Ma C, Qiu D. Melatonin-mediate acid rain stress tolerance mechanism through alteration of transcriptional factors and secondary metabolites gene expression in tomato. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 200:110720. [PMID: 32470680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Acid rain is a widespread environmental issue intensely affecting normal plant growth of crops. Melatonin is well known pleiotropic molecule which improves abiotic and biotic stress tolerance of plants through physiological and molecular mediation. However, the impact of exogenous melatonin on molecular activities under acid rain conditions in plants has never been studied. The objective of the study is to expose the possible role of exogenous melatonin on physiological and molecular changes against acid rain stress in tomato. Transcriptome profile through RNA-sequence analysis identified 1228, 1120 and 1537 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in control plant (Ctr) vs simulated acid rain stressed plant (P25) comparison, control plant vs melatonin treatment in simulated acid rain stressed plant (P25M) comparison and P25 vs P25M comparison, respectively. Among them, 152 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were commonly expressed and the expression of secondary metabolites related gene was noticeably observed in all comparison. Moreover, transcript families such as ERF, WRKY, MYB and bZIP related gene accounted more in all treatment comparison. The RNA-sequence and qPCR results indicated that exogenous melatonin is closely associated with acid rain stress moderator and might be involved in alteration of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites and transcriptional factor encoding genes expression which might have potential application against environmental hazardous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswojit Debnath
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China; Department of Horticulture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Min Li
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Tengfei Pan
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Cuilan Ma
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Dongliang Qiu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China.
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Yang L, Sun Q, Wang Y, Chan Z. Global transcriptomic network of melatonin regulated root growth in Arabidopsis. Gene 2020; 764:145082. [PMID: 32858176 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin functions as a plant growth regulator in a concentration-dependent manner. In this study, we investigated the effects of melatonin on root growth and dissected underlined mechanisms. The results showed that melatonin up to 1000 μM inhibited primary root growth, but promoted lateral root development. Through RNA sequencing analysis, functions of differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in stress response, signaling transduction, transport, hormone metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Genes involving in jasmonate (JA), brassinosteroid (BR) and cytokinin (CK) biosynthesis were inhibited, but these in ethylene (ET), strigolactone (SL) and gibberellins (GA) biosynthetic pathways were activated after melatonin treatment. The majority of zinc finger proteins (ZFPs), Calmodulin-like (CMLs), NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2 (NACs) and ubiquitination related genes (RING/U-box and F-box) were upregulated, which possibly acted downstream of integrated hormone signals to mediate root growth. This study characterized melatonin modulated networks in regulating root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Zhulong Chan
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
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Tan DX, Reiter RJ. An evolutionary view of melatonin synthesis and metabolism related to its biological functions in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:4677-4689. [PMID: 32413108 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plant melatonin research is a rapidly developing field. A variety of isoforms of melatonin's biosynthetic enzymes are present in different plants. Due to the different origins, they exhibit independent responses to the variable environmental stimuli. The locations for melatonin biosynthesis in plants are chloroplasts and mitochondria. These organelles have inherited their melatonin biosynthetic capacities from their bacterial ancestors. Under ideal conditions, chloroplasts are the main sites of melatonin biosynthesis. If the chloroplast pathway is blocked for any reason, the mitochondrial pathway will be activated for melatonin biosynthesis to maintain its production. Melatonin metabolism in plants is a less studied field; its metabolism is quite different from that of animals even though they share similar metabolites. Several new enzymes for melatonin metabolism in plants have been cloned and these enzymes are absent in animals. It seems that the 2-hydroxymelatonin is a major metabolite of melatonin in plants and its level is ~400-fold higher than that of melatonin. In the current article, from an evolutionary point of view, we update the information on plant melatonin biosynthesis and metabolism. This review will help the reader to understand the complexity of these processes and promote research enthusiasm in these fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Anatomy and Cell System, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Qian Y, Cao L, Zhang Q, Amee M, Chen K, Chen L. SMRT and Illumina RNA sequencing reveal novel insights into the heat stress response and crosstalk with leaf senescence in tall fescue. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:366. [PMID: 32746857 PMCID: PMC7397585 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02572-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a cool-season grass species, tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) is challenged by increasing temperatures. Heat acclimation or activation of leaf senescence, are two main strategies when tall fescue is exposed to heat stress (HS). However, lacking a genome sequence, the complexity of hexaploidy nature, and the short read of second-generation sequencing hinder a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism. This study aims to characterize the molecular mechanism of heat adaptation and heat-induced senescence at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. RESULTS Transcriptome of heat-treated (1 h and 72 h) and senescent leaves of tall fescue were generated by combining single-molecular real-time and Illumina sequencing. In total, 4076; 6917, and 11,918 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were induced by short- and long-term heat stress (HS), and senescence, respectively. Venn and bioinformatics analyses of DEGs showed that short-term HS strongly activated heat shock proteins (Hsps) and heat shock factors (Hsfs), as well as specifically activated FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs), calcium signaling genes, glutathione S-transferase genes, photosynthesis-related genes, and phytohormone signaling genes. By contrast, long-term HS shared most of DEGs with senescence, including the up-regulated chlorophyll catabolic genes, phytohormone synthesis/degradation genes, stress-related genes, and NACs, and the down-regulated photosynthesis-related genes, FKBPs, and catalases. Subsequently, transient overexpression in tobacco showed that FaHsfA2a (up-regulated specifically by short-term HS) reduced cell membrane damages caused by HS, but FaNAC029 and FaNAM-B1 (up-regulated by long-term HS and senescence) increased the damages. Besides, alternative splicing was widely observed in HS and senescence responsive genes, including Hsps, Hsfs, and phytohormone signaling/synthesis genes. CONCLUSIONS The short-term HS can stimulate gene responses and improve thermotolerance, but long-term HS is a damage and may accelerate leaf senescence. These results contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying heat adaptation and heat-induced senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiguang Qian
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecological Remediation, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liwen Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Maurice Amee
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
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Wang X, Zhang H, Xie Q, Liu Y, Lv H, Bai R, Ma R, Li X, Zhang X, Guo YD, Zhang N. SlSNAT Interacts with HSP40, a Molecular Chaperone, to Regulate Melatonin Biosynthesis and Promote Thermotolerance in Tomato. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:909-921. [PMID: 32065633 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The SNAT enzyme participates in the biosynthesis of melatonin, which is reported to regulate thermotolerance in many plants. However, the mechanistic basis of this regulation remains unclear. In this study, we identified the SlSNAT gene, which is responsible for melatonin biosynthesis in tomato. SlSNAT expression levels were 3- and 5-fold higher in SlSNAT overexpression lines OX-2 and OX-6, respectively. The melatonin levels were 3- and 4-fold higher than those in wild type. The melatonin levels decreased by 50% when the expression of SlSNAT was downregulated to 40%. Overexpression of SlSNAT in tomato plants provided significantly enhanced thermotolerance with better growth performance in Photosystem II (PSII) maximum photochemical quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and alleviated heat injury. Both exogenous melatonin treatment and endogenous melatonin manipulation by SlSNAT overexpression decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species�accumulation and Fv/Fm. The SlSNAT overexpression line showed protected ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase proteins and upregulated response of heat transcription factors and heat shock proteins under heat stress. HSP40, a DnaJ-type chaperone, was found to interact with SlSNAT in the chloroplast. Downregulation of HSP40 showed lower melatonin synthesis under heat stress. HSP40 functions as a chaperone to protect the SNAT enzyme during melatonin synthesis under heat stress. HSP40 interacted with SlSNAT and together participated in melatonin-related thermotolerance regulation in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Qian Xie
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongmei Lv
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruyue Bai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130124, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xichun Zhang
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yang-Dong Guo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Varghese N, Alyammahi O, Nasreddine S, Alhassani A, Gururani MA. Melatonin Positively Influences the Photosynthetic Machinery and Antioxidant System of Avena sativa during Salinity Stress. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8120610. [PMID: 31888189 PMCID: PMC6963410 DOI: 10.3390/plants8120610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated melatonin protects various crops against abiotic stresses. However, the effects of melatonin on the photosynthetic apparatus of stressed plants is poorly characterized. We investigated the effects of melatonin pretreatment on photosynthesis and tolerance to salinity stress in Avena sativa (oat) plants. Oat plants were exposed to four treatments (three replicate pots per treatment): well-watered (WW; control); watered with 300 mM salt solution for 10 days (NaCl); pretreated with 100 µM melatonin solution for 7 days then watered normally for 10 days (Mel+W); or pretreated with 100 µM melatonin for 7 days then 300 mM salt for 10 days (Mel+NaCl). Considerable differences in growth parameters, chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, proline accumulation, lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, and growth parameters were observed between groups. Genes encoding three major antioxidant enzymes were upregulated in the Mel+NaCl group compared to the other groups. Chlorophyll-a fluorescence kinetic analyses revealed that almost all photosynthetic parameters were improved in Mel+NaCl plants compared to the other treatments. Analysis of genes encoding the major extrinsic proteins of photosystem II (PSII) revealed that PsbA, PsbB, PsbC, and PsbD (but not PsbO) were highly upregulated in Mel+NaCl plants compared to the other groups, indicating melatonin positively influenced photosynthesis under control conditions and salt stress. In addition, melatonin upregulated stress-responsive NAC transcription factor genes in plants exposed to salt stress. These findings suggest melatonin pretreatment improves photosynthesis and enhances salt tolerance in oat plants.
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Haq SU, Khan A, Ali M, Gai WX, Zhang HX, Yu QH, Yang SB, Wei AM, Gong ZH. Knockdown of CaHSP60-6 confers enhanced sensitivity to heat stress in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). PLANTA 2019; 250:2127-2145. [PMID: 31606756 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03290-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
HSP60 gene family in pepper was analyzed through bioinformatics along with transcriptional regulation against multiple abiotic and hormonal stresses. Furthermore, the knockdown of CaHSP60-6 increased sensitivity to heat stress. The 60 kDa heat shock protein (HSP60) also known as chaperonin (cpn60) is encoded by multi-gene family that plays an important role in plant growth, development and in stress response as a molecular chaperone. However, little is known about the HSP60 gene family in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). In this study, 16 putative pepper HSP60 genes were identified through bioinformatic tools. The phylogenetic tree revealed that eight of the pepper HSP60 genes (50%) clustered into group I, three (19%) into group II, and five (31%) into group III. Twelve (75%) CaHSP60 genes have more than 10 introns, while only a single gene contained no introns. Chromosomal mapping revealed that the tandem and segmental duplication events occurred in the process of evolution. Gene ontology enrichment analysis predicted that CaHSP60 genes were responsible for protein folding and refolding in an ATP-dependent manner in response to various stresses in the biological processes category. Multiple stress-related cis-regulatory elements were found in the promoter region of these CaHSP60 genes, which indicated that these genes were regulated in response to multiple stresses. Tissue-specific expression was studied under normal conditions and induced under 2 h of heat stress measured by RNA-Seq data and qRT-PCR in different tissues (roots, stems, leaves, and flowers). The data implied that HSP60 genes play a crucial role in pepper growth, development, and stress responses. Fifteen (93%) CaHSP60 genes were induced in both, thermo-sensitive B6 and thermo-tolerant R9 lines under heat treatment. The relative expression of nine representative CaHSP60 genes in response to other abiotic stresses (cold, NaCl, and mannitol) and hormonal applications [ABA, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and salicylic acid (SA)] was also evaluated. Knockdown of CaHSP60-6 increased the sensitivity to heat shock treatment as documented by a higher relative electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation, and reactive oxygen species accumulation in silenced pepper plants along with a substantial lower chlorophyll content and antioxidant enzyme activity. These results suggested that HSP60 might act as a positive regulator in pepper defense against heat and other abiotic stresses. Our results provide a basis for further functional analysis of HSP60 genes in pepper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ul Haq
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Abid Khan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Ali
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Xian Gai
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huai-Xia Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Hui Yu
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Bao Yang
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Min Wei
- Tianjin Vegetable Research Center, Tianjin, 300192, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Hui Gong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation, Tianjin, 300384, People's Republic of China.
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Jahan MS, Shu S, Wang Y, Chen Z, He M, Tao M, Sun J, Guo S. Melatonin alleviates heat-induced damage of tomato seedlings by balancing redox homeostasis and modulating polyamine and nitric oxide biosynthesis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:414. [PMID: 31590646 PMCID: PMC6781414 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1992-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin is a pleiotropic signaling molecule that plays multifarious roles in plants stress tolerance. The polyamine (PAs) metabolic pathway has been suggested to eliminate the effects of environmental stresses. However, the underlying mechanism of how melatonin and PAs function together under heat stress largely remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the potential role of melatonin in regulating PAs and nitric oxide (NO) biosynthesis, and counterbalancing oxidative damage induced by heat stress in tomato seedlings. RESULTS Heat stress enhanced the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and damaged inherent defense system, thus reduced plant growth. However, pretreatment with 100 μM melatonin (7 days) followed by exposure to heat stress (24 h) effectively reduced the oxidative stress by controlling the overaccumulation of superoxide (O2•-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), lowering the lipid peroxidation content (as inferred based on malondialdehyde content) and less membrane injury index (MII). This was associated with increased the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants activities by regulating their related gene expression and modulating the ascorbate-glutathione cycle. The presence of melatonin induced respiratory burst oxidase (RBOH), heat shock transcription factors A2 (HsfA2), heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), and delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene expression, which helped detoxify excess ROS via the hydrogen peroxide-mediated signaling pathway. In addition, heat stress boosted the endogenous levels of putrescine, spermidine and spermine, and increased the PAs contents, indicating higher metabolic gene expression. Moreover, melatonin-pretreated seedlings had further increased PAs levels and upregulated transcript abundance, which coincided with suppression of catabolic-related genes expression. Under heat stress, exogenous melatonin increased endogenous NO content along with nitrate reductase- and NO synthase-related activities, and expression of their related genes were also elevated. CONCLUSIONS Melatonin pretreatment positively increased the heat tolerance of tomato seedlings by improving their antioxidant defense mechanism, inducing ascorbate-glutathione cycle, and reprogramming the PAs metabolic and NO biosynthesis pathways. These attributes facilitated the scavenging of excess ROS and increased stability of the cellular membrane, which mitigated heat-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shah Jahan
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207 Bangladesh
| | - Sheng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingming He
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiqi Tao
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shirong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Southern Vegetable Crop Genetic Improvement in Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
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Siddiqui MH, Alamri S, Alsubaie QD, Ali HM, Ibrahim AA, Alsadon A. Potential roles of melatonin and sulfur in alleviation of lanthanum toxicity in tomato seedlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 180:656-667. [PMID: 31136876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the active use of rare-earth elements in many areas, it is necessary to study their behavior in the environment and their biological impact on plants. Despite the role of melatonin and sulfur in plant growth, development and abiotic stress tolerance; it is still not clear how they have a strong regulatory influence and synergistic effect on growth, physiological and biochemical characteristics of plants under different environmental stresses. Therefore, this study highlights how melatonin and sulfur together potentially involved in a reversal of lanthanum-inhibited photosynthetic and growth responses in tomato seedlings. Here, we reported that seedlings grown in a medium containing 150 μM lanthanum exhibited increased overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation together with increased Chlorophyll degradation, and activity of chlorophyllase, proline dehydrogenase and glycolate oxidase (GOx), and decreased photosynthesis and growth. However, the application of melatonin and sulfur showed significant responses on tomato seedlings, although the response of their combined treatment was more effective by further increasing photosynthesis and growth under lanthanum toxicity. Melatonin supplied with sulfur suppressed ROS formation, lipid peroxidation and activity of GOx, and increased photosynthesis by upregulating activities of carbonic anhydrase and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. Also, sulfur supplementation with melatonin to seedlings resulted in an elevation in the accumulation of Chl and proline by increasing δ-aminolevulinic acid and activity of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase and Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase activity. The administration of melatonin with sulfur substantially induced upregulation of enzymes (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione reductase) activities involved in the antioxidant system, thereby mitigating ROS-induced oxidative damage. Thus, this study provides strong evidence that melatonin and sulfur have strong regulatory influence and synergistic role in alleviating the adverse effect of lanthanum-toxicity by increasing photosynthesis and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzer H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saud Alamri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qasi D Alsubaie
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayssam M Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Ibrahim
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alsadon
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang H, Wang L, Shi K, Shan D, Zhu Y, Wang C, Bai Y, Yan T, Zheng X, Kong J. Apple tree flowering is mediated by low level of melatonin under the regulation of seasonal light signal. J Pineal Res 2019; 66:e12551. [PMID: 30597595 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin regulates the seasonal reproduction in photoperiodic sensitive animals. Its function in plants reproduction has not been extensively studied. In the current study, the effects of melatonin on the apple tree flowering have been systematically investigated. For consecutive 2-year monitoring, it was found that the flowering was always associated with the drop of melatonin level in apple tree. Melatonin application before flowering postponed apple tree flowering with a dose-dependent manner. The increased melatonin levels at a suitable range also resulted in more flowering. The data indicated that similar to the animals, the melatonin also serves as the signal of the environmental light to regulate the plant reproduction. It was mainly the blue and far-red light to regulate the gene expression of melatonin synthetic enzymes and melatonin production in plants. The seasonal alterations of the blue and far-red lights coordinated well with the changes of the melatonin levels and led to decreased melatonin level before flowering. The mechanism studies showed that melatonin per se inhibits all the four flowering pathways in apple. The results not only provide the basic knowledge for melatonin research, but also uncover melatonin as a chemical message of light signal to mediate plant reproduction. This information can be potentially used to control flowering period and prolong the harvest time, helpfully to open a new avenue for increasing crop yield by melatonin application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Shi
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongqian Shan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chanyu Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yixue Bai
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianci Yan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Kong
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Debnath B, Islam W, Li M, Sun Y, Lu X, Mitra S, Hussain M, Liu S, Qiu D. Melatonin Mediates Enhancement of Stress Tolerance in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1040. [PMID: 30818835 PMCID: PMC6429401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is a multifunctional signaling molecule, ubiquitously distributed in different parts of plants and responsible for stimulating several physiological responses to adverse environmental conditions. In the current review, we showed that the biosynthesis of melatonin occurred in plants by themselves, and accumulation of melatonin fluctuated sharply by modulating its biosynthesis and metabolic pathways under stress conditions. Melatonin, with its precursors and derivatives, acted as a powerful growth regulator, bio-stimulator, and antioxidant, which delayed leaf senescence, lessened photosynthesis inhibition, and improved redox homeostasis and the antioxidant system through a direct scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) under abiotic and biotic stress conditions. In addition, exogenous melatonin boosted the growth, photosynthetic, and antioxidant activities in plants, confirming their tolerances against drought, unfavorable temperatures, salinity, heavy metals, acid rain, and pathogens. However, future research, together with recent advancements, would support emerging new approaches to adopt strategies in overcoming the effect of hazardous environments on crops and may have potential implications in expanding crop cultivation against harsh conditions. Thus, farming communities and consumers will benefit from elucidating food safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswojit Debnath
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
- Department of Horticulture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh.
| | - Waqar Islam
- College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China.
| | - Min Li
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Yueting Sun
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Xiaocao Lu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Sangeeta Mitra
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Mubasher Hussain
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Shuang Liu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
| | - Dongliang Qiu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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40
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Mukherjee S. Novel perspectives on the molecular crosstalk mechanisms of serotonin and melatonin in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 132:33-45. [PMID: 30172851 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Current review focuses on the significant role of serotonin and melatonin in various molecular crosstalk mechanisms in plants. In this context phytohormones (like auxin, gibberellins, ethylene or abscisic acid), plant growth regulators, and associated biomolecules like reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, brassinosteroids and hydrogen sulphide have been discussed in a wider context. Long distance signaling responses of serotonin in association with auxin, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and ABA have been critically reviewed. Auxin-serotonin crosstalk in relation to PIN protein functioning and root growth regulation appears to be a major advancement in the context of phytoserotonin signaling in plants. Auxin and serotonin share structural similarities which bring possibilities of auxin receptors being surrogated for serotonin transport in plants. The modulation of root apex architecture is highly regulative in terms of serotonin-jasmonic acid crosstalk. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) appears to be a primary mediator of serotonin mediated root growth response. Serotonin induced signaling therefore involve ROS, auxin, JA and ethylene action. Although there exists handful of critical reviews on the role of phytomelatonin in plants, recent advancements on its regulatory role in modulating plant hormones, ROS scavenging enzymes, ROS/RNS and glutathione levels need attention. Melatonin signaling associated with nitrogen metabolism and nitrosative stress are recent developments in plants. Interesting relationship between nitric oxide and melatonin has been established in relation with biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Developments in hydrogen sulphide-melatonin signaling in plants are still at its nascent stage but exhibits promising scopes for future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Mukherjee
- Department of Botany, Jangipur College, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, 742213, India.
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41
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Katano K, Honda K, Suzuki N. Integration between ROS Regulatory Systems and Other Signals in the Regulation of Various Types of Heat Responses in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113370. [PMID: 30373292 PMCID: PMC6274784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of their sessile lifestyle, plants cannot escape from heat stress and are forced to alter their cellular state to prevent damage. Plants, therefore, evolved complex mechanisms to adapt to irregular increases in temperature in the natural environment. In addition to the ability to adapt to an abrupt increase in temperature, plants possess strategies to reprogram their cellular state during pre-exposure to sublethal heat stress so that they are able to survive under subsequent severe heat stress. Such an acclimatory response to heat, i.e., acquired thermotolerance, might depend on the maintenance of heat memory and propagation of long-distance signaling. In addition, plants are able to tailor their specific cellular state to adapt to heat stress combined with other abiotic stresses. Many studies revealed significant roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulatory systems in the regulation of these various heat responses in plants. However, the mode of coordination between ROS regulatory systems and other pathways is still largely unknown. In this review, we address how ROS regulatory systems are integrated with other signaling networks to control various types of heat responses in plants. In addition, differences and similarities in heat response signals between different growth stages are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Katano
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda, 102-8554 Tokyo, Japan.
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Loka D, Harper J, Humphreys M, Gasior D, Wootton-Beard P, Gwynn-Jones D, Scullion J, Doonan J, Kingston-Smith A, Dodd R, Wang J, Chadwick D, Hill P, Jones D, Mills G, Hayes F, Robinson D. Impacts of abiotic stresses on the physiology and metabolism of cool-season grasses: A review. Food Energy Secur 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Loka
- DEMETER; Larisa Greece
- IBERS; Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan; Aberystwyth Ceredigion UK
| | - John Harper
- IBERS; Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan; Aberystwyth Ceredigion UK
| | - Mike Humphreys
- IBERS; Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan; Aberystwyth Ceredigion UK
| | - Dagmara Gasior
- IBERS; Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan; Aberystwyth Ceredigion UK
| | | | | | - John Scullion
- IBERS; Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan; Aberystwyth Ceredigion UK
| | - John Doonan
- IBERS; Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan; Aberystwyth Ceredigion UK
| | | | - Rosalind Dodd
- Environment Centre Wales; Bangor University; Gwynedd UK
| | - Jinyang Wang
- Environment Centre Wales; Bangor University; Gwynedd UK
| | | | - Paul Hill
- Environment Centre Wales; Bangor University; Gwynedd UK
| | - Davey Jones
- Environment Centre Wales; Bangor University; Gwynedd UK
| | - Gina Mills
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales; Bangor Gwynedd UK
| | - Felicity Hayes
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales; Bangor Gwynedd UK
| | - David Robinson
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales; Bangor Gwynedd UK
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Amombo E, Li X, Wang G, An S, Wang W, Fu J. Comprehensive Transcriptome Profiling and Identification of Potential Genes Responsible for Salt Tolerance in Tall Fescue Leaves under Salinity Stress. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E466. [PMID: 30248970 PMCID: PMC6210376 DOI: 10.3390/genes9100466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity is a serious threat to plant growth and crop productivity. Tall fescue utilization in saline areas is limited by its inferior salt tolerance. Thus, a transcriptome study is a prerequisite for future research aimed at providing deeper insights into the molecular mechanisms of tall fescue salt tolerance as well as molecular breeding. Recent advances in sequencing technology offer a platform to achieve this. Here, Illumina RNA sequencing of tall fescue leaves generated a total of 144,339 raw reads. After de novo assembly, unigenes with a total length of 129,749,938 base pairs were obtained. For functional annotations, the unigenes were aligned to various databases. Further structural analyses revealed 79,352 coding DNA sequences and 13,003 microsatellites distributed across 11,277 unigenes as well as single nucleotide polymorphisms. In total, 1862 unigenes were predicted to encode for 2120 transcription factors among which most were key salt-responsive. We determined differential gene expression and distribution per sample and most genes related to salt tolerance and photosynthesis were upregulated in 48 h vs. 24 h salt treatment. Protein interaction analysis revealed a high interaction of chaperonins and Rubisco proteins in 48 h vs. 24 h salt treatment. The gene expressions were finally validated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), which was coherent with sequencing results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Amombo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture and Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan, Wuhan 430074, China.
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xiaoning Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture and Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan, Wuhan 430074, China.
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Guangyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture and Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan, Wuhan 430074, China.
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Shao An
- The Institute of Advanced Studies in Coastal Ecology, Ludong University, Yantai 264000, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- The Institute of Advanced Studies in Coastal Ecology, Ludong University, Yantai 264000, China.
| | - Jinmin Fu
- The Institute of Advanced Studies in Coastal Ecology, Ludong University, Yantai 264000, China.
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Yu Y, Lv Y, Shi Y, Li T, Chen Y, Zhao D, Zhao Z. The Role of Phyto-Melatonin and Related Metabolites in Response to Stress. Molecules 2018; 23:E1887. [PMID: 30060559 PMCID: PMC6222801 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant hormone candidate melatonin has been widely studied in plants under various stress conditions, such as heat, cold, salt, drought, heavy metal, and pathogen attack. Under stress, melatonin usually accumulates sharply by modulating its biosynthesis and metabolic pathways. Beginning from the precursor tryptophan, four consecutive enzymes mediate the biosynthesis of tryptamine or 5-hydroxytryptophan, serotonin, N-acetylserotonin or 5-methoxytryptamine, and melatonin. Then, the compound is catabolized into 2-hydroxymelatonin, cyclic-3-hydroxymelatonin, and N¹-acetyl-N²-formyl-5-methoxyknuramine through 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase catalysis or reaction with reactive oxygen species. As an ancient and powerful antioxidant, melatonin directly scavenges ROS induced by various stress conditions. Furthermore, it confreres stress tolerance by activating the plant's antioxidant system, alleviating photosynthesis inhibition, modulating transcription factors that are involved with stress resisting, and chelating and promoting the transport of heavy metals. Melatonin is even proven to defense against pathogen attacks for the plant by activating other stress-relevant hormones, like salicylic acid, ethylene, and jasmonic acid. Intriguingly, other precursors and metabolite molecules involved with melatonin also can increase stress tolerance for plant except for unconfirmed 5-methoxytryptamine, cyclic-3-hydroxymelatonin, and N¹-acetyl-N²-formyl-5-methoxyknuramine. Therefore, the precursors and metabolites locating at the whole biosynthesis and catabolism pathway of melatonin could contribute to plant stress resistance, thus providing a new perspective for promoting plant stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
| | - Yan Lv
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China.
| | - Yana Shi
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China.
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
| | - Yanchun Chen
- School of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China.
| | - Dake Zhao
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Plant Disease & Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China.
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Center of Crop Disease & Pest, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China.
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China.
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Kaur H, Sirhindi G, Bhardwaj R, Alyemeni MN, Siddique KHM, Ahmad P. 28-homobrassinolide regulates antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expression in response to salt- and temperature-induced oxidative stress in Brassica juncea. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8735. [PMID: 29880861 PMCID: PMC5992199 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27032-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a group of naturally occurring plant steroid hormones that can induce plant tolerance to various plant stresses by regulating ROS production in cells, but the underlying mechanisms of this scavenging activity by BRs are not well understood. This study investigated the effects of 28-homobrassinolide (28-HBL) seed priming on Brassica juncea seedlings subjected to the combined stress of extreme temperatures (low, 4 °C or high, 44 °C) and salinity (180 mM), either alone or supplemented with 28-HBL treatments (0, 10−6, 10−9, 10−12 M). The combined temperature and salt stress treatments significantly reduced shoot and root lengths, but these improved when supplemented with 28-HBL although the response was dose-dependent. The combined stress alone significantly increased H2O2 content, but was inhibited when supplemented with 28-HBL. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APOX), glutathione reductase (GR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) increased in response to 28-HBL. Overall, the 28-HBL seed priming treatment improved the plant’s potential to combat the toxic effects imposed by the combined temperature and salt stress by tightly regulating the accumulation of ROS, which was reflected in the improved redox state of antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India.,Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, GNDU, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Geetika Sirhindi
- Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, GNDU, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - M N Alyemeni
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture and UWA School of Agriculture & Environment, The University of Western Australia, LB 5005, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Botany, S.P. College, Srinagar, 190001, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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