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Cherubini A, Della Torre S, Pelusi S, Valenti L. Sexual dimorphism of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Trends Mol Med 2024:S1471-4914(24)00135-7. [PMID: 38890029 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common chronic liver condition. MASLD is a sexually dimorphic condition, with its development and progression influenced by sex chromosomes and hormones. Estrogens typically protect against, whereas androgens promote, MASLD. Therapeutic approaches for a sex-specific personalized medicine include estrogen replacement, androgen blockers, and novel drugs targeting hormonal pathways. However, the interactions between hormonal factors and inherited genetic variation impacts MASLD risk, necessitating more tailored therapies. Understanding sex disparities and the role of estrogens could improve MASLD interventions and management, whereas clinical trials addressing sex differences are crucial for advancing personalized treatment. This review explores the underappreciated impact of sexual dimorphism in MASLD and discusses the potential therapeutic application of sex-related hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cherubini
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Precision Medicine Lab, Biological Resource Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Della Torre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Pelusi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Precision Medicine Lab, Biological Resource Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Valenti
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Precision Medicine Lab, Biological Resource Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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Basak S, Mallick R, Navya Sree B, Duttaroy AK. Placental Epigenome Impacts Fetal Development: Effects of Maternal Nutrients and Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2024; 16:1860. [PMID: 38931215 PMCID: PMC11206482 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Evidence is emerging on the role of maternal diet, gut microbiota, and other lifestyle factors in establishing lifelong health and disease, which are determined by transgenerationally inherited epigenetic modifications. Understanding epigenetic mechanisms may help identify novel biomarkers for gestation-related exposure, burden, or disease risk. Such biomarkers are essential for developing tools for the early detection of risk factors and exposure levels. It is necessary to establish an exposure threshold due to nutrient deficiencies or other environmental factors that can result in clinically relevant epigenetic alterations that modulate disease risks in the fetus. This narrative review summarizes the latest updates on the roles of maternal nutrients (n-3 fatty acids, polyphenols, vitamins) and gut microbiota on the placental epigenome and its impacts on fetal brain development. This review unravels the potential roles of the functional epigenome for targeted intervention to ensure optimal fetal brain development and its performance in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Basak
- Molecular Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad 500007, India; (S.B.); (B.N.S.)
| | - Rahul Mallick
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Boga Navya Sree
- Molecular Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad 500007, India; (S.B.); (B.N.S.)
| | - Asim K. Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
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Lv S, Huang J, Luo Y, Wen Y, Chen B, Qiu H, Chen H, Yue T, He L, Feng B, Yu Z, Zhao M, Yang Q, He M, Xiao W, Zou X, Gu C, Lu R. Gut microbiota is involved in male reproductive function: a review. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1371667. [PMID: 38765683 PMCID: PMC11099273 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1371667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, ~8%-12% of couples confront infertility issues, male-related issues being accountable for 50%. This review focuses on the influence of gut microbiota and their metabolites on the male reproductive system from five perspectives: sperm quality, testicular structure, sex hormones, sexual behavior, and probiotic supplementation. To improve sperm quality, gut microbiota can secrete metabolites by themselves or regulate host metabolites. Endotoxemia is a key factor in testicular structure damage that causes orchitis and disrupts the blood-testis barrier (BTB). In addition, the gut microbiota can regulate sex hormone levels by participating in the synthesis of sex hormone-related enzymes directly and participating in the enterohepatic circulation of sex hormones, and affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-testis (HPT) axis. They can also activate areas of the brain that control sexual arousal and behavior through metabolites. Probiotic supplementation can improve male reproductive function. Therefore, the gut microbiota may affect male reproductive function and behavior; however, further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying microbiota-mediated male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Lv
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jingrong Huang
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yadan Luo
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuhang Wen
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Baoting Chen
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hao Qiu
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Huanxin Chen
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Suining First People's Hospital, Suining, China
| | - Tianhao Yue
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lvqin He
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Baochun Feng
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Suining First People's Hospital, Suining, China
| | - Zehui Yu
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Mingde Zhao
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Manli He
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wudian Xiao
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zou
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Suining First People's Hospital, Suining, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Congwei Gu
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruilin Lu
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, Suining First People's Hospital, Suining, China
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Komodromou I, Andreou E, Vlahoyiannis A, Christofidou M, Felekkis K, Pieri M, Giannaki CD. Exploring the Dynamic Relationship between the Gut Microbiome and Body Composition across the Human Lifespan: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:660. [PMID: 38474787 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to identify different gut microbiome profiles across the human lifespan and to correlate such profiles with the body composition. PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane were searched from inception to March 2022. Sixty studies were included in this systematic review. Overall, the gut microbiome composition in overweight participants exhibited decreased α-diversity, decreased levels of the phylum Bacteroidetes and its taxa, and increased levels of the phylum Firmicutes, its taxa, and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, in comparison to normal-weight participants. Other body composition parameters showed similar correlations. Fat mass and waist circumference were found to correlate positively with the Firmicutes taxa and negatively with the Bacteroidetes taxa. In contrast, lean body mass and muscle mass demonstrated a positive correlation with the Bacteroidetes taxa. Notably, these correlations were more pronounced in athletes than in obese and normal-weight individuals. The composition of the gut microbiome is evidently different in overweight individuals or athletes of all age groups, with the former tending towards decreased Bacteroidetes taxa and increased Firmicutes taxa, while a reversed relationship is observed concerning athletes. Further studies are needed to explore the dynamic relationship between energy intake, body composition, and the gut microbiome across the human lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifigeneia Komodromou
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Eleni Andreou
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Research Centre for Exercise and Nutrition (RECEN), 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Angelos Vlahoyiannis
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Research Centre for Exercise and Nutrition (RECEN), 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Maria Christofidou
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kyriacos Felekkis
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Research Centre for Exercise and Nutrition (RECEN), 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Myrtani Pieri
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Research Centre for Exercise and Nutrition (RECEN), 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christoforos D Giannaki
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Research Centre for Exercise and Nutrition (RECEN), 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus
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Gunawan SP, Huang SY, Wang CC, Huynh LBP, Nguyen NN, Hsu SY, Chen YC. Sleep deprivation alters pubertal timing in humans and rats: the role of the gut microbiome. Sleep 2024; 47:zsad308. [PMID: 38065690 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Evidence implied that sleeping duration is associated with the timing of puberty and that sleep deprivation triggers early pubertal onset in adolescents. Sleep deprivation can affect metabolic changes and gut microbiota composition. This study investigated the effects of sleep deprivation on pubertal onset and gut microbiota composition in animal models and a human cohort. METHODS This study comprised 459 boys and 959 girls from the Taiwan Pubertal Longitudinal Study. Sleep duration was evaluated using the self-report Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire. Early sexual maturation was defined by pediatric endocrinologist assessments. Mediation analyses were done to examine the association between sleep parameters, obesity, and early sexual maturation. Besides, Sprague Dawley juvenile rats were exposed to 4 weeks of chronic sleep deprivation. Vaginal opening (VO) and preputial separation (PS) were observed every morning to determine pubertal onset in female and male rats. RESULTS The sleep-deprived juvenile rats in the sleep-deprived-female (SDF) and sleep-deprived-male (SDM) groups experienced delayed VO (mean VO days: 33 days in control; 35 days in SDF; p-value < 0.05) and PS (mean PS days: 42 days in control; 45 days in SDM; p-value < 0.05), respectively. Relative to their non-sleep-deprived counterparts, the sleep-deprived juvenile rats exhibited lower body weight and body fat percentage. Significant differences in relative bacterial abundance at genus levels and decreased fecal short-chain-fatty-acid levels were identified in both the SDF and SDM groups. In the human cohort, insufficient sleep increased the risk of early sexual maturation, particularly in girls (OR, 1.44; 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.89; p-value < 0.01). Insufficient sleep also indirectly affected early sexual maturation in girls, with obesity serving as the mediator. CONCLUSIONS Overall, sleep deprivation altered the timing of puberty in both animal and human models but in different directions. In the rat model, sleep deprivation delayed the pubertal onset in juvenile rats through gut dysbiosis and metabolic changes, leading to a low body weight and body fat percentage. In the human model, sleep deprivation led to fat accumulation, causing obesity in girls, which increased the risk of early puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shih-Yi Huang
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chi Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Linh Ba Phuong Huynh
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nam Nhat Nguyen
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Ching Chen
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Browning BD, Kirkland AE, Green R, Engevik M, Alekseyenko AV, Leggio L, Tomko RL, Squeglia LM. The adolescent and young adult microbiome and its association with substance use: a scoping review. Alcohol Alcohol 2024; 59:agad055. [PMID: 37665023 PMCID: PMC10979412 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agad055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The microbiome is a critical factor in health throughout human development. The aims of this scoping review are to (i) elucidate the differences between the youth (post-natal day 21-65 for rodents, 2-7 years for non-human primates, and 10-25 years for humans) microbiome with other life stages and (ii) identify youth-specific microbial changes associated with substance use. METHODS Peer-reviewed studies published up to May 2023 were identified in PubMed and SCOPUS and included gut and oral microbiome studies from rodents, non-human primates, and humans (N = 1733). Twenty-six articles were determined eligible based on inclusion criteria (aim 1: n = 19, aim 2: n = 7). RESULTS The adolescent and young adult oral and gut microbiomes are distinct compared to other life stages, within both non-human and human models. While there is limited research in this area, the microbiome appears to be vulnerable to substance use exposure earlier in life, including substances commonly initiated and escalated during adolescence and young adulthood (i.e. alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco). CONCLUSIONS Studies across the lifespan indicate that adolescence and young adulthood are distinct periods of development, where the microbiome is sensitive to exposures, including substance use. There is a need for more studies focused on the adolescent and young adult microbiome and substance use, as well as focused on the oral microbiome during this developmental period. Understanding the gut and oral microbiome during adolescence and young adulthood may provide insight into the pathophysiology of substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney D Browning
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President St., Charleston, SC 29425, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave., Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Anna E Kirkland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President St., Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Rejoyce Green
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President St., Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Melinda Engevik
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave., Charleston SC, 29425, United States
| | - Alexander V Alekseyenko
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Biomedical Informatics Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Cannon St., Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rachel L Tomko
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President St., Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Lindsay M Squeglia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President St., Charleston, SC 29425, United States
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Carson MD, Westwater C, Novince CM. Adolescence and the Microbiome: Implications for Healthy Growth and Maturation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1900-1909. [PMID: 37673331 PMCID: PMC10699129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota was initially thought to develop into a stable, adult-like profile during early postnatal life. The formation of the gut microbiota during early life has been shown to contribute to healthy growth and has lifelong implications for host health. Adolescence, the developmental period between childhood and adulthood, is a critical window for healthy growth and maturation. The composition of the gut microbiota in adolescents is distinct from that of children and adults, which supports the premise that the gut microbiota continues to develop during adolescence toward an adult-like profile. Research has begun to shift its focus from understanding the gut microbiome at the extremes of the life span to evaluating the importance of the gut microbiome during adolescence and its role in healthy development. This article provides an overview of adolescent development, host-microbiota interactions, and experimental models used to discern effects of gut microbiota on health and disease. Herein, the role of the gut microbiota is reviewed as it relates to adolescent: i) brain development, cognition, and behavior; ii) metabolism and adiposity; and iii) skeletal growth and bone mass accrual. Future directions are addressed, including omics investigations defining mechanisms through which the gut microbiota influences adolescent development. Furthermore, we discuss advancing noninvasive interventions targeting the adolescent gut microbiota that could be employed to support healthy growth and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Carson
- Departments of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Caroline Westwater
- Departments of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Chad M Novince
- Departments of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Division of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
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Sisk-Hackworth L, Brown J, Sau L, Levine AA, Tam LYI, Ramesh A, Shah RS, Kelley-Thackray ET, Wang S, Nguyen A, Kelley ST, Thackray VG. Genetic hypogonadal mouse model reveals niche-specific influence of reproductive axis and sex on intestinal microbial communities. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:79. [PMID: 37932822 PMCID: PMC10626657 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00564-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiome has been linked to many diseases with sex bias including autoimmune, metabolic, neurological, and reproductive disorders. While numerous studies report sex differences in fecal microbial communities, the role of the reproductive axis in this differentiation is unclear and it is unknown how sex differentiation affects microbial diversity in specific regions of the small and large intestine. METHODS We used a genetic hypogonadal mouse model that does not produce sex steroids or go through puberty to investigate how sex and the reproductive axis impact bacterial diversity within the intestine. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we analyzed alpha and beta diversity and taxonomic composition of fecal and intestinal communities from the lumen and mucosa of the duodenum, ileum, and cecum from adult female (n = 20) and male (n = 20) wild-type mice and female (n = 17) and male (n = 20) hypogonadal mice. RESULTS Both sex and reproductive axis inactivation altered bacterial composition in an intestinal section and niche-specific manner. Hypogonadism was significantly associated with bacteria from the Bacteroidaceae, Eggerthellaceae, Muribaculaceae, and Rikenellaceae families, which have genes for bile acid metabolism and mucin degradation. Microbial balances between males and females and between hypogonadal and wild-type mice were also intestinal section-specific. In addition, we identified 3 bacterial genera (Escherichia Shigella, Lachnoclostridium, and Eggerthellaceae genus) with higher abundance in wild-type female mice throughout the intestinal tract compared to both wild-type male and hypogonadal female mice, indicating that activation of the reproductive axis leads to female-specific differentiation of the gut microbiome. Our results also implicated factors independent of the reproductive axis (i.e., sex chromosomes) in shaping sex differences in intestinal communities. Additionally, our detailed profile of intestinal communities showed that fecal samples do not reflect bacterial diversity in the small intestine. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that sex differences in the gut microbiome are intestinal niche-specific and that sampling feces or the large intestine may miss significant sex effects in the small intestine. These results strongly support the need to consider both sex and reproductive status when studying the gut microbiome and while developing microbial-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sisk-Hackworth
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jada Brown
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lillian Sau
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Reeya S Shah
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Sophia Wang
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anita Nguyen
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Mihuta MS, Paul C, Borlea A, Roi CM, Pescari D, Velea-Barta OA, Mozos I, Stoian D. Connections between serum Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO), a gut-derived metabolite, and vascular biomarkers evaluating arterial stiffness and subclinical atherosclerosis in children with obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1253584. [PMID: 37850094 PMCID: PMC10577381 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1253584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Childhood obesity leads to early subclinical atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness. Studying biomarkers like trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), linked to cardio-metabolic disorders in adults, is crucial to prevent long-term cardiovascular issues. Methods The study involved 70 children aged 4 to 18 (50 obese, 20 normal-weight). Clinical examination included BMI, waist measurements, puberty stage, the presence of acanthosis nigricans, and irregular menstrual cycles. Subclinical atherosclerosis was assessed by measuring the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), and the arterial stiffness was evaluated through surrogate markers like the pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AIx), and peripheral and central blood pressures. The blood biomarkers included determining the values of TMAO, HOMA-IR, and other usual biomarkers investigating metabolism. Results The study detected significantly elevated levels of TMAO in obese children compared to controls. TMAO presented positive correlations to BMI, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio and was also observed as an independent predictor of all three parameters. Significant correlations were observed between TMAO and vascular markers such as CIMT, PWV, and peripheral BP levels. TMAO independently predicts CIMT, PWV, peripheral BP, and central SBP levels, even after adding BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, puberty development and age in the regression model. Obese children with high HOMA-IR presented a greater weight excess and significantly higher vascular markers, but TMAO levels did not differ significantly from the obese with HOMA-IR Conclusion Our study provides compelling evidence supporting the link between serum TMAO, obesity, and vascular damage in children. These findings highlight the importance of further research to unravel the underlying mechanisms of this connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Simina Mihuta
- Department of Doctoral Studies, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- Center of Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Corina Paul
- Department of Pediatrics, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andreea Borlea
- Center of Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Mihaela Roi
- Department of Doctoral Studies, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- Center of Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Denisa Pescari
- Department of Doctoral Studies, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Oana-Alexandra Velea-Barta
- 3rd Department of Odontotherapy and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Ioana Mozos
- Department of Functional Sciences—Pathophysiology, Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Dana Stoian
- Center of Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
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10
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Matsushita M, Fujita K, Hatano K, De Velasco MA, Tsujimura A, Uemura H, Nonomura N. Emerging Relationship between the Gut Microbiome and Prostate Cancer. World J Mens Health 2023; 41:759-768. [PMID: 36876743 PMCID: PMC10523130 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.220202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota changes under the influence of environmental and genetic factors, affecting human health. Extensive studies have revealed that the gut microbiome is closely associated with many non-intestinal diseases. Among these, the influence of the gut microbiome on cancer biology and the efficacy of cancer therapy has attracted much attention. Prostate cancer cells are affected by direct contact with the microbiota of local tissues and urine, and a relationship between prostate cancer cells and the gut microbiota has been suggested. In the human gut microbiota, bacterial composition differs depending on prostate cancer characteristics, such as histological grade and castration resistance. Moreover, the involvement of several intestinal bacteria in testosterone metabolism has been demonstrated, suggesting that they may affect prostate cancer progression and treatment through this mechanism. Basic research indicates that the gut microbiome also plays an important role in the underlying biology of prostate cancer through multiple mechanisms owing to the activity of microbial-derived metabolites and components. In this review, we describe the evidence surrounding the emerging relationship between the gut microbiome and prostate cancer, termed the "gut-prostate axis."
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Matsushita
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Fujita
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan.
| | - Koji Hatano
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Marco A De Velasco
- Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
- Department of Genome Biology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Akira Tsujimura
- Department of Urology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Uemura
- Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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Shahbazi R, Yasavoli-Sharahi H, Alsadi N, Sharifzad F, Fang S, Cuenin C, Cahais V, Chung FFL, Herceg Z, Matar C. Lentinula edodes Cultured Extract and Rouxiella badensis subsp. acadiensis (Canan SV-53) Intake Alleviates Immune Deregulation and Inflammation by Modulating Signaling Pathways and Epigenetic Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14610. [PMID: 37834058 PMCID: PMC10572597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Puberty is a critical developmental period of life characterized by marked physiological changes, including changes in the immune system and gut microbiota development. Exposure to inflammation induced by immune stressors during puberty has been found to stimulate central inflammation and lead to immune disturbance at distant sites from the gut; however, its enduring effects on gut immunity are not well explored. Therefore, in this study, we used a pubertal lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced inflammation mouse model to mimic pubertal exposure to inflammation and dysbiosis. We hypothesized that pubertal LPS-induced inflammation may cause long-term dysfunction in gut immunity by enduring dysregulation of inflammatory signaling and epigenetic changes, while prebiotic/probiotic intake may mitigate the gut immune system deregulation later in life. To this end, four-week-old female Balb/c mice were fed prebiotics/probiotics and exposed to LPS in the pubertal window. To better decipher the acute and enduring immunoprotective effects of biotic intake, we addressed the effect of treatment on interleukin (IL)-17 signaling related-cytokines and pathways. In addition, the effect of treatment on gut microbiota and epigenetic alterations, including changes in microRNA (miRNA) expression and DNA methylation, were studied. Our results revealed a significant dysregulation in selected cytokines, proteins, and miRNAs involved in key signaling pathways related to IL-17 production and function, including IL-17A and F, IL-6, IL-1β, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3), p-STAT3, forkhead box O1 (FOXO1), and miR-145 in the small intestine of adult mice challenged with LPS during puberty. In contrast, dietary interventions mitigated the lasting adverse effects of LPS on gut immune function, partly through epigenetic mechanisms. A DNA methylation analysis demonstrated that enduring changes in gut immunity in adult mice might be linked to differentially methylated genes, including Lpb, Rorc, Runx1, Il17ra, Rac1, Ccl5, and Il10, involved in Th17 cell differentiation and IL-17 production and signaling. In addition, prebiotic administration prevented LPS-induced changes in the gut microbiota in pubertal mice. Together, these results indicate that following a healthy diet rich in prebiotics and probiotics is an optimal strategy for programming immune system function in the critical developmental windows of life and controlling inflammation later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Shahbazi
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (R.S.); (H.Y.-S.); (N.A.)
| | - Hamed Yasavoli-Sharahi
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (R.S.); (H.Y.-S.); (N.A.)
| | - Nawal Alsadi
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (R.S.); (H.Y.-S.); (N.A.)
| | - Farzaneh Sharifzad
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Sandra Fang
- Translational Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada;
| | - Cyrille Cuenin
- Epigenomics and Mechanisms Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 25 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (V.C.); (F.F.-L.C.); (Z.H.)
| | - Vincent Cahais
- Epigenomics and Mechanisms Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 25 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (V.C.); (F.F.-L.C.); (Z.H.)
| | - Felicia Fei-Lei Chung
- Epigenomics and Mechanisms Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 25 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (V.C.); (F.F.-L.C.); (Z.H.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zdenko Herceg
- Epigenomics and Mechanisms Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 25 Av. Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France; (C.C.); (V.C.); (F.F.-L.C.); (Z.H.)
| | - Chantal Matar
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (R.S.); (H.Y.-S.); (N.A.)
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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Yin Z, Liu B, Feng S, He Y, Tang C, Chen P, Wang X, Wang K. A Large Genetic Causal Analysis of the Gut Microbiota and Urological Cancers: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:4086. [PMID: 37764869 PMCID: PMC10537765 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several observational studies and clinical trials have shown that the gut microbiota is associated with urological cancers. However, the causal relationship between gut microbiota and urological cancers remains to be elucidated due to many confounding factors. METHODS In this study, we used two thresholds to identify gut microbiota GWAS from the MiBioGen consortium and obtained data for five urological cancers from the UK biobank and Finngen consortium, respectively. We then performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis with Wald ratio or inverse variance weighted as the main method. We also performed comprehensive sensitivity analyses to verify the robustness of the results. In addition, we performed a reverse MR analysis to examine the direction of causality. RESULTS Our study found that family Rikenellaceae, genus Allisonella, genus Lachnospiraceae UCG001, genus Oscillibacter, genus Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group, genus Eubacterium ruminantium group, genus Ruminococcaceae UCG013, and genus Senegalimassilia were related to bladder cancer; genus Ruminococcus torques group, genus Oscillibacter, genus Barnesiella, genus Butyricicoccus, and genus Ruminococcaceae UCG005 were related to prostate cancer; class Alphaproteobacteria, class Bacilli, family Family XI, genus Coprococcus2, genus Intestinimonas, genus Lachnoclostridium, genus Lactococcus, genus Ruminococcus torques group, and genus Eubacterium brachy group were related to renal cell cancer; family Clostridiaceae 1, family Christensenellaceae, genus Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group, genus Clostridium sensu stricto 1, and genus Eubacterium eligens group were related to renal pelvis cancer; family Peptostreptococcaceae, genus Romboutsia, and genus Subdoligranulum were related to testicular cancer. Comprehensive sensitivity analyses proved that our results were reliable. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms the role of specific gut microbial taxa on urological cancers, explores the mechanism of gut microbiota on urological cancers from a macroscopic level, provides potential targets for the screening and treatment of urological cancers, and is dedicated to providing new ideas for clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kunjie Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.Y.); (S.F.); (Y.H.); (C.T.); (P.C.)
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Morgado MC, Sousa M, Coelho AB, Costa JA, Seabra A. Exploring Gut Microbiota and the Influence of Physical Activity Interventions on Overweight and Obese Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2459. [PMID: 37685493 PMCID: PMC10487561 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11172459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The recognition that the gut microbiota of obese children differs from lean children has grown, and some studies suggest that physical activity positively influences the gut microbiota. This systematic review explores the changes in the gut microbiota composition of obese and non-obese children and adolescents and provides an understanding of the effects of physical activity interventions in modulating their microbiota. The PRISMA protocol was used across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Overall, twenty-four research papers were included in accordance with the chosen inclusion and exclusion criteria, eighteen studies compared the gut microbiota of obese and normal-weight children and adolescents, and six studies explored the effect of physical activity interventions on the gut microbiota. The analysis indicated that obese gut microbiota is reduced in Bacteroidetes, Bifidobacterium and alpha diversity but enriched in Proteobacteria and Lactobacillus. Interventions with physical activity seem to improve the alpha diversity and beneficial bacteria linked to body weight loss in children and adolescents. The gut microbiota of obese children exhibited a remarkably individual variation. More interventions are needed to clearly and accurately explore the relationships between child obesity, gut microbiota, and physical activity and to develop approaches to decrease the incidence of paediatric obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela C. Morgado
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation (FPF), 1495-433 Cruz Quebrada, Portugal;
| | - Mónica Sousa
- CIDEFES, Universidade Lusófona, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, NOVA Medical School (NMS), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - André B. Coelho
- Faculty of Sports Science and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Júlio A. Costa
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation (FPF), 1495-433 Cruz Quebrada, Portugal;
| | - André Seabra
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation (FPF), 1495-433 Cruz Quebrada, Portugal;
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Sajdel-Sulkowska EM. The Impact of Maternal Gut Microbiota during Pregnancy on Fetal Gut-Brain Axis Development and Life-Long Health Outcomes. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2199. [PMID: 37764043 PMCID: PMC10538154 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota plays a critical role in physiological regulation throughout life and is specifically modified to meet the demands of individual life stages and during pregnancy. Maternal gut microbiota is uniquely adapted to the pregnancy demands of the mother and the developing fetus. Both animal studies in pregnant germ-free rodents and human studies have supported a critical association between the composition of maternal microbiota during pregnancy and fetal development. Gut microbiota may also contribute to the development of the fetal gut-brain axis (GBA), which is increasingly recognized for its critical role in health and disease. Most studies consider birth as the time of GBA activation and focus on postnatal GBA development. This review focuses on GBA development during the prenatal period and the impact of maternal gut microbiota on fetal GBA development. It is hypothesized that adaptation of maternal gut microbiota to pregnancy is critical for the GBA prenatal development and maturation of GBA postnatally. Consequently, factors affecting maternal gut microbiota during pregnancy, such as maternal obesity, diet, stress and depression, infection, and medication, also affect fetal GBA development and are critical for GBA activity postnatally. Altered maternal gut microbiota during gestation has been shown to have long-term impact postnatally and multigenerational effects. Thus, understanding the impact of maternal gut microbiota during pregnancy on fetal GBA development is crucial for managing fetal, neonatal, and adult health, and should be included among public health priorities.
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Xu Y, Xiong J, Shan S, Wang X, He F, Cheng G. Age-Dependent and Body Composition-Dependent Association of Child Gut Microbial Enterotype With Puberty Timing: A Chinese Cohort. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:2363-2370. [PMID: 36840481 PMCID: PMC10438909 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Puberty timing, which is vital for adult well-being, has recently been suggested to be linked to specific gut taxa. However, the impact of comprehensive gut microbiome structure assessed by enterotype on puberty timing remains unknown. OBJECTIVE Investigate the prospective association of gut microbial enterotype with puberty timing and the potential interaction of age and body composition. METHODS This study included 1826 children from the Chinese Adolescent Cohort Study, a cohort that has collected information on sociodemographics, dietary intake, physical activity, anthropometry, and pubertal development of children aged 6-8 years since 2013 and follows them up annually until the age of 15 years. Fecal samples have been collected annually since 2019 and analyzed for 16S rRNA sequencing and targeted fecal metabolomics. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to investigate the prospective association of enterotype with puberty timing and the impact of age and body mass index (BMI) sex- and age-independent standard deviation score (SDS). RESULTS 592 (32.4%) and 1234 (67.6%) children belonged to the Prevotella-rich enterotype and the Bacteroides-rich enterotype, respectively. Children with the Bacteroides-rich enterotype experienced their menarche/voice break later than those with the Prevotella enterotype (hazard ratio 0.53, 95% CI 0.28-0.98), P = .02). Moreover, this association was more pronounced among younger children with higher BMI SDS (P for interaction = .006). CONCLUSION Our findings supported a role for gut microbial communities in pubertal development, in which younger children with higher body mass seems more sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Jingyuan Xiong
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shufang Shan
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Fang He
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Guo Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, P.R. China
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16
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Song F, Ma S, Zhang Y, Yang X, Zhang H, Han Y, Liu Y, Gao F, Yuan Z. Seasonal Variation in Gut Microbiota of the Wild Daurian Ground Squirrel ( Spermophilus dauricus): Metagenomic Insights into Seasonal Breeding. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2235. [PMID: 37444034 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Spermophilus dauricus, the wild Daurian ground squirrel, is known to exhibit seasonal breeding behavior. Although the importance of gut microbiota in animal digestion, metabolism, and immunity is well-established, the correlation between gut microbiota and seasonal breeding in this species remains inadequately explored. In the present study, using metagenomic sequencing technology, the compositions and functions of the gut microbiota of wild Daurian ground squirrels in different breeding seasons were explored. The dominant gut microbial phyla were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. The Firmicutes were predominant in the breeding season, whereas Bacteroidetes were predominant in the non-breeding season. At the genus level, Lactobacillus accumulated during the breeding season, whereas Odoribacter and Alistipes increased during the non-breeding season. GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome) annotations indicated that genes in gut samples were highly associated with metabolic functions. The differential expression gene analysis showed that genes related to the phosphotransferase system, cysteine, and methionine metabolism were highly expressed during the breeding season, whereas the non-breeding season upregulated genes were enriched in starch and sucrose metabolism and bacterial chemotaxis pathways. In conclusion, this study could provide a reference for investigating gut microbiota in seasonal breeding animals and offer new insight into gut microbial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengcheng Song
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shubao Ma
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yujiao Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haolin Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yingying Han
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuning Liu
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fuli Gao
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhengrong Yuan
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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Gancz NN, Levinson JA, Callaghan BL. Sex and gender as critical and distinct contributors to the human brain-gut-microbiome axis. Brain Res Bull 2023; 199:110665. [PMID: 37192716 PMCID: PMC11149430 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The brain-gut-microbiome axis (BGMA) is a pivotal contributor to human health. A large body of research, especially from animal models, has revealed bidirectional, causal relationships between the BGMA and sex. In particular, sex steroids appear to be affected by the BGMA, to influence the BGMA, and to moderate environmental effects on the BGMA. However, animal research on the relationship between sex and the BGMA has not translated well to human models. We contend that this is due in part to an oversimplified approach to sex: although BGMA researchers have traditionally approached sex as a unidimensional, dichotomous variable, it is in fact multidimensional and is comprised of both multi-categorical and continuous dimensions. We also contend that research on the BGMA in humans should approach gender as a variable that is distinct from sex and that gender may influence the BGMA through pathways that are independent from the effects of sex alone. Research practices that consider the complexity and distinctiveness of sex and gender in relation to the human BGMA will not only yield improved understanding of this consequential system, but will also enhance the development of treatments for adverse health outcomes with BGMA-related etiologies. We conclude with recommendations for the implementation of such practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Gancz
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, 502 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - J A Levinson
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, 502 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - B L Callaghan
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, 502 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Rusch JA, Layden BT, Dugas LR. Signalling cognition: the gut microbiota and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1130689. [PMID: 37404311 PMCID: PMC10316519 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1130689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive function in humans depends on the complex and interplay between multiple body systems, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The gut microbiota, which vastly outnumbers human cells and has a genetic potential that exceeds that of the human genome, plays a crucial role in this interplay. The microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis is a bidirectional signalling pathway that operates through neural, endocrine, immune, and metabolic pathways. One of the major neuroendocrine systems responding to stress is the HPA axis which produces glucocorticoids such as cortisol in humans and corticosterone in rodents. Appropriate concentrations of cortisol are essential for normal neurodevelopment and function, as well as cognitive processes such as learning and memory, and studies have shown that microbes modulate the HPA axis throughout life. Stress can significantly impact the MGB axis via the HPA axis and other pathways. Animal research has advanced our understanding of these mechanisms and pathways, leading to a paradigm shift in conceptual thinking about the influence of the microbiota on human health and disease. Preclinical and human trials are currently underway to determine how these animal models translate to humans. In this review article, we summarize the current knowledge of the relationship between the gut microbiota, HPA axis, and cognition, and provide an overview of the main findings and conclusions in this broad field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jody A. Rusch
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- C17 Chemical Pathology Laboratory, Groote Schuur Hospital, National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Brian T. Layden
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lara R. Dugas
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States
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Pelantová H, Tomášová P, Šedivá B, Neprašová B, Mráziková L, Kuneš J, Železná B, Maletínská L, Kuzma M. Metabolomic Study of Aging in fa/ fa Rats: Multiplatform Urine and Serum Analysis. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040552. [PMID: 37110210 PMCID: PMC10142631 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Zucker fatty (fa/fa) rats represent a well-established and widely used model of genetic obesity. Because previous metabolomic studies have only been published for young fa/fa rats up to 20 weeks of age, which can be considered early maturity in male fa/fa rats, the aim of our work was to extend the metabolomic characterization to significantly older animals. Therefore, the urinary profiles of obese fa/fa rats and their lean controls were monitored using untargeted NMR metabolomics between 12 and 40 weeks of age. At the end of the experiment, the rats were also characterized by NMR and LC-MS serum analysis, which was supplemented by a targeted LC-MS analysis of serum bile acids and neurotransmitters. The urine analysis showed that most of the characteristic differences detected in young obese fa/fa rats persisted throughout the experiment, primarily through a decrease in microbial co-metabolite levels, the upregulation of the citrate cycle, and changes in nicotinamide metabolism compared with the age-related controls. The serum of 40-week-old obese rats showed a reduction in several bile acid conjugates and an increase in serotonin. Our study demonstrated that the fa/fa model of genetic obesity is stable up to 40 weeks of age and is therefore suitable for long-term experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Pelantová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Tomášová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Šedivá
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of West Bohemia, 306 14 Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Neprašová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Mráziková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kuneš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Železná
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Maletínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Kuzma
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
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The Gut-Prostate Axis: A New Perspective of Prostate Cancer Biology through the Gut Microbiome. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051375. [PMID: 36900168 PMCID: PMC10000196 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and a high-fat diet are risk factors associated with prostate cancer, and lifestyle, especially diet, impacts the gut microbiome. The gut microbiome plays important roles in the development of several diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and colon cancer. The analysis of feces from patients with prostate cancer by 16S rRNA sequencing has uncovered various associations between altered gut microbiomes and prostate cancer. Gut dysbiosis caused by the leakage of gut bacterial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids and lipopolysaccharide results in prostate cancer growth. Gut microbiota also play a role in the metabolism of androgen which could affect castration-resistant prostate cancer. Moreover, men with high-risk prostate cancer share a specific gut microbiome and treatments such as androgen-deprivation therapy alter the gut microbiome in a manner that favors prostate cancer growth. Thus, implementing interventions aiming to modify lifestyle or altering the gut microbiome with prebiotics or probiotics may curtail the development of prostate cancer. From this perspective, the "Gut-Prostate Axis" plays a fundamental bidirectional role in prostate cancer biology and should be considered when screening and treating prostate cancer patients.
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Interaction between gut microbiota and sex hormones and their relation to sexual dimorphism in metabolic diseases. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:4. [PMID: 36750874 PMCID: PMC9903633 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00490-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), are now a widespread pandemic in the developed world. These pathologies show sex differences in their development and prevalence, and sex steroids, mainly estrogen and testosterone, are thought to play a prominent role in this sexual dimorphism. The influence of sex hormones on these pathologies is not only reflected in differences between men and women, but also between women themselves, depending on the hormonal changes associated with the menopause. The observed sex differences in gut microbiota composition have led to multiple studies highlighting the interaction between steroid hormones and the gut microbiota and its influence on metabolic diseases, ultimately pointing to a new therapy for these diseases based on the manipulation of the gut microbiota. This review aims to shed light on the role of sexual hormones in sex differences in the development and prevalence of metabolic diseases, focusing on obesity, MetS and T2D. We focus also the interaction between sex hormones and the gut microbiota, and in particular the role of microbiota in aspects such as gut barrier integrity, inflammatory status, and the gut-brain axis, given the relevance of these factors in the development of metabolic diseases.
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Yuan X, Shangguan H, Zhang Y, Lin X, Chen R. Intervention Effect of Probiotics on the Early Onset of Puberty Induced by Daidzein in Female Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200501. [PMID: 36528780 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between soy isoflavones (SI)-induced gut dysbiosis and puberty onset has not been explored, and the protective effect of probiotic is still controversial. This study investigates the action of daidzein (the main components of SI) and probiotic on the age of puberty onset in female mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Changes in the gut microbiota and production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) metabolism are highlighted to analyze a possible causative relationship to puberty onset in female c57/bl mice. The results demonstrate that daidzein promotes earlier onset of puberty, and can significantly alter the composition of the fecal bacterial community. Furthermore, daidzein alters the gut microbiota such that levels of butyrate, isovalerate, and hexanoate are reduced. Moreover, a probiotic treatment normalizes the timing of puberty onset, likely due to alteration in the gut microbiota to enhance SCFAs production. CONCLUSION These findings provide evidence that 95% daidzein has the potential to advance the timing of puberty onset in female mice, and the gut microbiome can be a therapeutic target to regulate the timing of puberty onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Huakun Shangguan
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Xiangquan Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Ruimin Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism, Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
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Cao Y, Wang H, Jin Z, Hang J, Jiang H, Wu H, Zhang Z. Characterization of Non-Obstructive Azoospermia in Men Using Gut Microbial Profiling. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12020701. [PMID: 36675631 PMCID: PMC9861525 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is a complex multifactorial disease and the causes of most NOA cases remain unknown. (2) Methods: Here, we performed comprehensive clinical analyses and gut microbial profiling using shotgun metagenomic sequencing in patients with NOA and control individuals. (3) Results: The gut microbial alpha and beta diversity significantly differed between patients with NOA and controls. Several microbial strains, including Bacteroides vulgatus and Streptococcus thermophilus, were significantly more abundant in the NOA group, whereas Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Parabacteroides sp. CT06 were enriched in the control group. Moreover, functional pathway analysis suggested that the altered microbiota in NOA suppressed the carbohydrate metabolism pathway, while amino acid metabolism and methane metabolism pathways were enhanced. We observed that the differential microbial species, such as Acinetobacter johnsonii, had a strong correlation with clinical parameters, including age, body mass index, testosterone, and follicle-stimulating hormone. Communication and interplay among microbial genera were significantly increased in NOA than in the control group. (4) Conclusions: Altered microbial composition and functional pathways in the NOA group were revealed, which highlight the utility of gut microbiota in understanding microbiota-related pathogenesis of NOA and might be helpful to the clinical management of NOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalei Cao
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Haojie Wang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zirun Jin
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing Hang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction, Beijing 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Institute of Urology, Beijing 100034, China
- Correspondence: (H.J.); (H.W.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Huajun Wu
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Center for Precision Medicine Multi-Omics Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence: (H.J.); (H.W.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence: (H.J.); (H.W.); (Z.Z.)
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Liu Y, Chen L, Liu L, Zhao SS, You JQ, Zhao XJ, Liu HX, Xu GW, Wen DL. Interplay between dietary intake, gut microbiota, and metabolic profile in obese adolescents: Sex-dependent differential patterns. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:2706-2719. [PMID: 36351362 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The interplay among dietary intake, gut microbiota, gut metabolites and circulating metabolites in adolescents is barely known, not to mention sex-dependent pattern. We aimed to explore unique profiles of gut bacterial, gut metabolites and circulating metabolites from both genders of adolescents due to BMI and eating pattern. METHODS Clinical indices, fecal gut microbiota, fecal and plasma metabolites, and diet intake information were collected in case-control sample matched for normal and obesity in girls (normal = 12, obesity = 12) and boys (normal = 20, obesity = 20), respectively. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics was performed to analysis the signature of gut microbiota and metabolites. Unique profiles of girls associated with BMI and eating pattern was revealed by Spearman's correlations analysis, co-occurrence network analysis, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Wilcoxon rank-sum test. RESULTS Gender difference was found between normal and obese adolescents in gut microbiota, fecal metabolites, and plasma metabolites. The Parabacteroides were only decreased in obese girls. And the characteristic of obese girls' and boys' cases in fecal and plasma was xanthine and glutamine, ornithine and LCA, respectively. Soy products intake was negatively associated with Parabacteroides. The predicted model has a higher accuracy based on the combined markers in obesity boys (AUC = 0.97) and girls (AUC = 0.97), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Reduced abundance of Phascolarctobacterium and Parabacteroides, as well as the increased fecal xanthine and ornithine, may provide a novel biomarker signature in obesity girls and boys. Soy products intake was positively and negatively associated with Romboutsia and Parabacteroides abundance, respectively. And the combined markers facilitate the accuracy of predicting obesity in girls and boys in advance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Lei Chen
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China; Institute of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Lei Liu
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhao
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China; Institute of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Jun-Qiao You
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Xin-Jie Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Hui-Xin Liu
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China; Institute of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China.
| | - Guo-Wang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - De-Liang Wen
- Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Obesity and Glucose/Lipid Associated Metabolic Diseases, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China.
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Liu L, Tian F, Li GY, Xu W, Xia R. The effects and significance of gut microbiota and its metabolites on the regulation of osteoarthritis: Close coordination of gut-bone axis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1012087. [PMID: 36204373 PMCID: PMC9530816 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1012087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic degenerative disease of articular cartilage in middle-aged and older individuals, which can result in the joint pain and dysfunction, and even cause the joint deformity or disability. With the enhancing process of global aging, OA has gradually become a major public health problem worldwide. Explaining pathogenesis of OA is critical for the development of new preventive and therapeutic interventions. In recent years, gut microbiota (GM) has been generally regarded as a “multifunctional organ,” which is closely relevant with a variety of immune, metabolic and inflammatory functions. Meanwhile, more and more human and animal researches have indicated the existence of gut-bone axis and suggested that GM and its metabolites are closely involved in the pathogenic process of OA, which might become a potential and promising intervention target. Based on the close coordination of gut-bone axis, this review aims to summarize and discuss the mechanisms of GM and its metabolites influencing OA from the aspects of the intestinal mucosal barrier modulation, intestinal metabolites modulation, immune modulation and strategies for the prevention or treatment of OA based on perspectives of GM and its metabolites, thus providing a profound knowledge and recognition of it.
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Liu K, Zou J, Fan H, Hu H, You Z. Causal effects of gut microbiota on diabetic retinopathy: A Mendelian randomization study. Front Immunol 2022; 13:930318. [PMID: 36159877 PMCID: PMC9496187 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.930318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPrevious researches have implicated a vital association between gut microbiota (GM) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) based on the association of the “gut-retina” axis. But their causal relationship has not been elucidated.MethodsInstrumental variables of 211 GM taxa were obtained from genome wide association study (GWAS), and Mendelian randomization study was carried out to estimate their effects on DR risk from FinnGen GWAS (14,584 DR cases and 202,082 controls). Inverse variance weighted (IVW) is the main method to analyze causality, and MR results are verified by several sensitive analyses.ResultsAs for 211 GM taxa, IVW results confirmed that family-Christensenellaceae (P = 1.36×10-2) and family-Peptococcaceae (P = 3.13×10-2) were protective factors for DR. Genus-Ruminococcaceae_UCG_011 (P = 4.83×10-3), genus-Eubacterium_rectale_group (P = 3.44×10-2) and genus-Adlercreutzia (P = 4.82×10-2) were correlated with the risk of DR. At the phylum, class and order levels, we found no GM taxa that were causally related to DR (P>0.05). Heterogeneity (P>0.05) and pleiotropy (P>0.05) analysis confirmed the robustness of MR results.ConclusionWe confirmed that there was a potential causal relationship between some GM taxa and DR, which highlights the association of the “gut-retina” axis and offered new insights into the GM-mediated mechanism of DR. Further explorations of their association are required and will lead to find new biomarkers for targeted prevention strategies of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangcheng Liu
- Jiangxi Province Division of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Zou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Huimin Fan
- Jiangxi Province Division of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hanying Hu
- Jiangxi Province Division of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhipeng You
- Jiangxi Province Division of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhipeng You,
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27
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Cai H, Cao X, Qin D, Liu Y, Liu Y, Hua J, Peng S. Gut microbiota supports male reproduction via nutrition, immunity, and signaling. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:977574. [PMID: 36060736 PMCID: PMC9434149 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.977574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota (GM) is a major component of the gastrointestinal tract. Growing evidence suggests that it has various effects on many distal organs including the male reproductive system in mammals. GM and testis form the gut-testis axis involving the production of key molecules through microbial metabolism or de novo synthesis. These molecules have nutrition, immunity, and hormone-related functions and promote the male reproductive system via the circulatory system. GM helps maintain the integral structure of testes and regulates testicular immunity to protect the spermatogenic environment. Factors damaging GM negatively impact male reproductive function, however, the related mechanism is unknown. Also, the correlation between GM and testis remains to be yet investigated. This review discusses the complex influence of GM on the male reproductive system highlighting the impact on male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cai
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuanhong Cao
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dezhe Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yundie Liu
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinlian Hua
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sha Peng
- Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Sha Peng,
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Matsushita M, Fujita K, Motooka D, Hatano K, Hata J, Nishimoto M, Banno E, Takezawa K, Fukuhara S, Kiuchi H, Pan Y, Takao T, Tsujimura A, Yachida S, Nakamura S, Obara W, Uemura H, Nonomura N. Firmicutes in Gut Microbiota Correlate with Blood Testosterone Levels in Elderly Men. World J Mens Health 2022; 40:517-525. [PMID: 35274505 PMCID: PMC9253793 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.210190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In males, testosterone levels have been implicated in various diseases. Recently, the influence of gut microbial-derived compounds on host metabolism has become evident, and it has been suggested that some gut bacteria may be involved in testosterone metabolism. In the present study, we examined the relationship between testosterone levels and gut microbiota in elderly Japanese men. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected samples from Japanese male subjects suspected of having prostate cancer and underwent prostate biopsies and excluded patients with positive biopsies to avoid the effect of prostate cancer on the gut microbiota. In total, 54 Japanese males with negative biopsy results were included in our study. The gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of bacterial DNA extracted from rectal swabs. Gut microbiota compositions were compared between the two groups according to the level of serum testosterone (above or below 3.5 ng /mL). RESULTS The median age of the cohort was 71 years, and the quartile range was 67 to 73 years. We observed no significant difference in alpha or beta diversity, but some bacteria belonging to the phylum Firmicutes (Clostridiales, Turicibacter, and Gemella) were increased in the high testosterone group. Serum testosterone levels positively correlated with the relative amount of Firmicutes (rS=0.3323, p=0.0141), and the amount of Firmicutes affected serum testosterone levels independent of host factors (age, body mass index, triglyceride, and total cholesterol; β=0.770, p=0.0396). CONCLUSIONS Some intestinal bacteria belonging to the phylum Firmicutes were associated with testosterone levels in elderly males. Therefore, the gut microbiota could affect testosterone metabolism in elderly males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Matsushita
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Fujita
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Koji Hatano
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Junya Hata
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mitsuhisa Nishimoto
- Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Eri Banno
- Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Takezawa
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Fukuhara
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiuchi
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yue Pan
- Laboratory of Protein Profiling and Functional Proteomics, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Takao
- Laboratory of Protein Profiling and Functional Proteomics, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Akira Tsujimura
- Department of Urology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yachida
- Department of Cancer Genome Informatics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Shota Nakamura
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Wataru Obara
- Department of Urology, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Uemura
- Department of Urology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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Wong OWH, Lam AMW, Or BPN, Mo FYM, Shea CKS, Lai KYC, Ma SL, Hung SF, Chan S, Kwong TNY, Wong S, Leung PWL. Disentangling the relationship of gut microbiota, functional gastrointestinal disorders and autism: a case-control study on prepubertal Chinese boys. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10659. [PMID: 35739175 PMCID: PMC9225987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14785-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence of an altered gut microbiome in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) suggests a pathomechanism through the gut-brain axis despite the inconsistent microbiome profile reported across studies. One of the knowledge gaps in the existing ASD microbiota studies is the lack of systematic exploration of the role of comorbid functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID) in the association of ASD and altered gut microbiome. Consequently, 92 ASD and 112 age-matched typically developing (TD) boys were profiled on general psychopathology, FGID status by Rome IV classification, and gut microbiota using 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing at the V4 hypervariable region. Compared to TD, a significant decrease in the within-sample abundance of taxa was observed in ASD, regardless of FGID status. The microbiota of ASD FGID+ and ASD FGID- clustered apart from the TD groups. The microbiota of ASD FGID+ also showed qualitative differences from that of ASD FGID- and had the highest-level Firmicutes: Bacteroidetes ratio, which was paralleled by elevated levels of anxiety and overall psychopathology. The altered gastrointestinal microbiota composition in ASD appeared to be independent of comorbid FGID. Further studies should address how FGID may mediate neuropsychiatric symptoms in ASD through inflammation along the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar W H Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Angela M W Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Brian P N Or
- Department of Psychiatry, Tai Po Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Flora Y M Mo
- Department of Psychiatry, Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Caroline K S Shea
- Department of Psychiatry, Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kelly Y C Lai
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Suk Ling Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Se Fong Hung
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sandra Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Thomas N Y Kwong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sunny Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Patrick W L Leung
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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30
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Venneri MA, Franceschini E, Sciarra F, Rosato E, D'Ettorre G, Lenzi A. Human genital tracts microbiota: dysbiosis crucial for infertility. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:1151-1160. [PMID: 35113404 PMCID: PMC9098539 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01752-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Human body is colonized by trillions of microbes, influenced by several factors, both endogenous, as hormones and circadian regulation, and exogenous as, life-style habits and nutrition. The alteration of such factors can lead to microbial dysbiosis, a phenomenon which, in turn, represents a risk factor in many different pathologies including cancer, diabetes, autoimmune and cardiovascular disease, and infertility. Female microbiota dysbiosis (vaginal, endometrial, placental) and male microbiota dysbiosis (seminal fluid) can influence the fertility, determining a detrimental impact on various conditions, as pre-term birth, neonatal illnesses, and macroscopic sperm parameters impairments. Furthermore, unprotected sexual intercourse creates a bacterial exchange between partners, and, in addition, each partner can influence the microbiota composition of partner's reproductive tracts. This comprehensive overview of the effects of bacterial dysbiosis in both sexes and how partners might influence each other will allow for better personalization of infertility management.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Venneri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - E Franceschini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - F Sciarra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - E Rosato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - G D'Ettorre
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - A Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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31
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Calcaterra V, Rossi V, Massini G, Regalbuto C, Hruby C, Panelli S, Bandi C, Zuccotti G. Precocious puberty and microbiota: The role of the sex hormone-gut microbiome axis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1000919. [PMID: 36339428 PMCID: PMC9634744 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1000919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Puberty is a critical phase of life associated with physiological changes related to sexual maturation, and represents a complex process regulated by multiple endocrine and genetic controls. Puberty is driven by hormones, and it can impact the gut microbiome (GM). GM differences between sex emerge at puberty onset, confirming a relationship between microbiota and sex hormones. In this narrative review, we present an overview of precocious pubertal development and the changes in the GM in precocious puberty (PP) in order to consider the role of the sex hormone-gut microbiome axis from the perspective of pediatric endocrinology. Bidirectional interactions between the GM and sex hormones have been proposed in different studies. Although the evidence on the interaction between microbiota and sex hormones remains limited in pediatric patients, the evidence that GM alterations may occur in girls with central precocious puberty (CPP) represents an interesting finding for the prediction and prevention of PP. Deepening the understanding of the connection between the sex hormones and the role of microbiota changes can lead to the implementation of microbiota-targeted therapies in pubertal disorders by offering a pediatric endocrinology perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Valeria Calcaterra,
| | - Virginia Rossi
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Massini
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Corrado Regalbuto
- Pediatric unit , Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere (IRCCS) Policlinico S. Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Hruby
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Panelli
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center “Invernizzi”, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Bandi
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center “Invernizzi”, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center “Invernizzi”, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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32
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Yuan X, Chen R, Zhang Y, Lin X, Yang X. Altered Gut Microbiota in Children With Hyperuricemia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:848715. [PMID: 35574004 PMCID: PMC9091909 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.848715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In adults, gut dysbiosis may contribute to the pathogenesis of gout. However, the characteristics of gut microbiota in children with hyperuricemia (HUA) in the absence of clinical gout have not been explored. OBJECTIVE This present study analyzed the gut microbiota in children with HUA as compared to controls (Con) and explored bacterial associations that may account for differences. METHODS A total of 80 children were enrolled in this study; they were divided into HUA and Con according to the level of serum uric acid (UA). The composition of gut microbiota was investigated by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. RESULTS Principal coordinate analysis revealed that gut microbiota of the HUA group was clustered together and separated partly from the Con group. There was no difference in alpha-diversity between the two groups. However, Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that serum UA level positively correlated with genera Actinomyces, Morganella, and Streptococcus, and negatively associated with the producers of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as Alistipes, Faecalibacterium, and Oscillospira, and the sulfidogenic bacteria Bilophila. The members of the genera Alistipes and Bilophila in the Con group were significantly more prevalent than the HUA subjects. Compared to the Con cohort, metabolic pathway predictions found that the superpathways of purine nucleotide de novo biosynthesis were decreased in HUA subjects, whereas the superpathway of purine deoxyribonucleoside de gradation was increased. CONCLUSION The composition of the gut microbiota in children with HUA differs from Con. Although causality cannot be established, modification in the microbiota that produces SCFA and sulfide may promote HUA.
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Korpela K, Kallio S, Salonen A, Hero M, Kukkonen AK, Miettinen PJ, Savilahti E, Kohva E, Kariola L, Suutela M, Tarkkanen A, de Vos WM, Raivio T, Kuitunen M. Gut microbiota develop towards an adult profile in a sex-specific manner during puberty. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23297. [PMID: 34857814 PMCID: PMC8640005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02375-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that gut microbiota may regulate sex-hormone levels in the host, with effects on reproductive health. Very little is known about the development of intestinal microbiota during puberty in humans. To assess the connection between pubertal timing and fecal microbiota, and to assess how fecal microbiota develop during puberty in comparison with adult microbiota, we utilized a Finnish allergy-prevention-trial cohort (Flora). Data collected at 13-year follow-up were compared with adult data from a different Finnish cohort. Among the 13-year-old participants we collected questionnaire information, growth data from school-health-system records and fecal samples from 148 participants. Reference adult fecal samples were received from the Health and Early Life Microbiota (HELMi) cohort (n = 840). Fecal microbiota were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing; the data were correlated with pubertal timing and compared with data on adult microbiota. Probiotic intervention in the allergy-prevention-trial cohort was considered as a confounding factor only. The main outcome was composition of the microbiota in relation to pubertal timing (time to/from peak growth velocity) in both sexes separately, and similarity to adult microbiota. In girls, fecal microbiota became more adult-like with pubertal progression (p = 0.009). No such development was observed in boys (p = 0.9). Both sexes showed a trend towards increasing relative abundance of estrogen-metabolizing Clostridia and decreasing Bacteroidia with pubertal development, but this was statistically significant in girls only (p = 0.03). In girls, pubertal timing was associated positively with exposure to cephalosporins prior to the age of 10. Our data support the hypothesis that gut microbiota, particularly members of Ruminococcaceae, may affect pubertal timing, possibly via regulating host sex-hormone levels. Trial registration The registration number for the allergy-prevention-trial cohort: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00298337, registered 1 March 2006—Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00298337. The adult-comparison cohort (HELMi) is NCT03996304.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katri Korpela
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, P.O. Box 21, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sampo Kallio
- New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Stenbäckinkatu 9, P.O. Box 347, 00029, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Anne Salonen
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, P.O. Box 21, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Hero
- New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Stenbäckinkatu 9, P.O. Box 347, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Kaarina Kukkonen
- New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Stenbäckinkatu 9, P.O. Box 347, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi J Miettinen
- New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Stenbäckinkatu 9, P.O. Box 347, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erkki Savilahti
- New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Stenbäckinkatu 9, P.O. Box 347, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ella Kohva
- New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Stenbäckinkatu 9, P.O. Box 347, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Kariola
- New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Stenbäckinkatu 9, P.O. Box 347, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Suutela
- New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Stenbäckinkatu 9, P.O. Box 347, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annika Tarkkanen
- New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Stenbäckinkatu 9, P.O. Box 347, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Willem M de Vos
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, P.O. Box 21, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, P.O. Box 8033, 6700 EH, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Taneli Raivio
- New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Stenbäckinkatu 9, P.O. Box 347, 00029, Helsinki, Finland.,Translational Stem Cell Biology and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Yliopistonkatu 3, P.O. Box 4, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikael Kuitunen
- New Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Stenbäckinkatu 9, P.O. Box 347, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
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β-Glucan Extracted from Highland Barley Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in C57BL/6J Mice. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195812. [PMID: 34641356 PMCID: PMC8510048 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which significantly affects human health, has two primary presentations: Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis (UC). Highland barley is the most common food crop for Tibetans and contains much more β-glucan than any other crop. Highland barley β-glucan (HBBG) can relieve the gastrointestinal dysfunction and promote intestines health. This study aimed to evaluate whether HBBG can relieve UC in mice. A mouse model of UC was established by adding 2% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to drinking water for 1 week. UC was alleviated after the introduction of the HBBG diet, as indicated by reductions in the disease activity index (DAI) score, histopathological damage, and the concentration of colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO), along with an improvement in colonic atrophy. Furthermore, we found that HBBG can increase the relative transcriptional levels of genes encoding ZO-1, claudin-1, occludin, and mucin2 (MUC2), thereby reducing intestinal permeability. Additionally, HBBG maintained the balance of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and modulated the structure of the intestinal flora.
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Park J, Schwardt NH, Jo JH, Zhang Z, Pillai V, Phang S, Brady SM, Portillo JA, MacGibeny MA, Liang H, Pensler M, Soldin SJ, Yanovski JA, Segre JA, Kong HH. Shifts in the Skin Bacterial and Fungal Communities of Healthy Children Transitioning through Puberty. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:212-219. [PMID: 34252398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous cross-sectional studies have shown that skin microbiomes in adults are distinct from those in children. However, the human skin microbiome in individuals as they sexually mature has not been studied as extensively. We performed a prospective, longitudinal study to investigate the puberty-associated shifts in skin microbiota. A total of 12 healthy children were evaluated every 6-18 months for up to 6 years. Using 16S ribosomal RNA (V1-V3) and internal transcribed spacer 1 amplicon sequencing analyzed with Divisive Amplicon Denoising Algorithm 2, we characterized the bacterial and fungal communities of five different skin and nares sites. We identified significant alterations in the composition of skin microbial communities, transitioning toward a more adult microbiome, during puberty. The microbial shifts were associated with Tanner stages (classification method for the degree of sexual maturation) and showed noticeable sex-specific differences. Over time, female children demonstrated a predominance of Cutibacterium with decreasing diversity. Among fungi, Malassezia predominated at most skin sites in more sexually mature subjects, which was more pronounced in female children. The higher relative abundances of these lipophilic taxa-C. acnes and M. restricta-were strongly associated with serum sex hormone concentrations with known influence on sebaceous gland activity. Taken together, our results support the relationship between sexual maturation, skin physiology, and the skin microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Park
- Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Department of Dermatology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University - Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Nicole H Schwardt
- Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jay-Hyun Jo
- Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnostics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Valentina Pillai
- Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sheila Phang
- Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sheila M Brady
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jessica A Portillo
- Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Margaret A MacGibeny
- Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Hai Liang
- Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Meridith Pensler
- Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven J Soldin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jack A Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Julia A Segre
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Heidi H Kong
- Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Valeri F, Endres K. How biological sex of the host shapes its gut microbiota. Front Neuroendocrinol 2021; 61:100912. [PMID: 33713673 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a complex system, consisting of a dynamic population of microorganisms, involved in the regulation of the host's homeostasis. A vast number of factors are driving the gut microbiota composition including diet, antibiotics, environment, and lifestyle. However, in the past decade, a growing number of studies also focused on the role of sex in relationship to changes in the gut microbiota composition in animal experiments as well as in human beings. Despite the progress in investigation techniques, still little is known about the mechanism behind the observed sex-related differences. In this review, we summarized current knowledge on the sex-dependent differences of the intestinal commensals and discuss the probable direct impact of sex hormones and more indirect effects such as dietary habits or antibiotics. While we have to conclude limited data on specific developmental stages, a clear role for sexual hormones and most probably for testosterone emerges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Valeri
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Kristina Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany.
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Paternal Methyl Donor Supplementation in Rats Improves Fertility, Physiological Outcomes, Gut Microbial Signatures and Epigenetic Markers Altered by High Fat/High Sucrose Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020689. [PMID: 33445606 PMCID: PMC7826956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased consumption of high fat/sucrose (HF/S) diets has contributed to rising rates of obesity and its co-morbidities globally, while also negatively impacting male reproductive health. Our objective was to examine whether adding a methyl donor cocktail to paternal HF/S diet (HF/S+M) improves health status in fathers and offspring. From 3–12 weeks of age, male Sprague Dawley rats consumed a HF/S or HF/S+M diet. Offspring were followed until 16 weeks of age. Body composition, metabolic markers, gut microbiota, DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and microRNA expression were measured in fathers and offspring. Compared to HF/S, paternal HF/S+M diet reduced fat mass in offspring (p < 0.005). HF/S+M fathers consumed 16% fewer kcal/day, which persisted in HF/S+M female offspring and was explained in part by changes in serum glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) levels. Compared to HF/S, HF/S+M fathers had a 33% improvement in days until conception and 300% fewer stillbirths. In fathers, adipose tissue DNMT3a and hepatic miR-34a expression were reduced with HF/S+M. Adult male offspring showed upregulated miR-24, -33, -122a and -143 expression while females exhibited downregulated miR-33 expression. Fathers and offspring presented differences in gut microbial signatures. Supplementing a paternal HF/S diet with methyl-donors improved fertility, physiological outcomes, epigenetic and gut microbial signatures intergenerationally.
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