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Leng X, Wang H, Cao L, Chang R, Zhang S, Xu C, Yu J, Xu X, Qu C, Xu Z, Liu G. Overexpressing GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE 1;2 maintains carbon and nitrogen balance under high-ammonium conditions and results in increased tolerance to ammonium toxicity in hybrid poplar. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:4052-4073. [PMID: 38497908 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The glutamine synthetase/glutamic acid synthetase (GS/GOGAT) cycle plays important roles in N metabolism, growth, development, and stress resistance in plants. Excess ammonium (NH4+) restricts growth, but GS can help to alleviate its toxicity. In this study, the 84K model clone of hybrid poplar (Populus alba × P. tremula var. glandulosa), which has reduced biomass accumulation and leaf chlorosis under high-NH4+ stress, showed less severe symptoms in transgenic lines overexpressing GLUTAMINE SYNTHETASE 1;2 (GS1;2-OE), and more severe symptoms in RNAi lines (GS1;2-RNAi). Compared with the wild type, the GS1;2-OE lines had increased GS and GOGAT activities and higher contents of free amino acids, soluble proteins, total N, and chlorophyll under high-NH4+ stress, whilst the antioxidant and NH4+ assimilation capacities of the GS1;2-RNAi lines were decreased. The total C content and C/N ratio in roots and leaves of the overexpression lines were higher under stress, and there were increased contents of various amino acids and sugar alcohols, and reduced contents of carbohydrates in the roots. Under high-NH4+ stress, genes related to amino acid biosynthesis, sucrose and starch degradation, galactose metabolism, and the antioxidant system were significantly up-regulated in the roots of the overexpression lines. Thus, overexpression of GS1;2 affected the carbon and amino acid metabolism pathways under high-NH4+ stress to help maintain the balance between C and N metabolism and alleviate the symptoms of toxicity. Modification of the GS/GOGAT cycle by genetic engineering is therefore a potential strategy for improving the NH4+ tolerance of cultivated trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132109, China
| | - Hanzeng Wang
- College of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132109, China
| | - Lina Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ruhui Chang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Caifeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jiajie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiuyue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chunpu Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhiru Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Guanjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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Thingujam D, Pajerowska-Mukhtar KM, Mukhtar MS. Duckweed: Beyond an Efficient Plant Model System. Biomolecules 2024; 14:628. [PMID: 38927032 PMCID: PMC11201744 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Duckweed (Lemnaceae) rises as a crucial model system due to its unique characteristics and wide-ranging utility. The significance of physiological research and phytoremediation highlights the intricate potential of duckweed in the current era of plant biology. Special attention to duckweed has been brought due to its distinctive features of nutrient uptake, ion transport dynamics, detoxification, intricate signaling, and stress tolerance. In addition, duckweed can alleviate environmental pollutants and enhance sustainability by participating in bioremediation processes and wastewater treatment. Furthermore, insights into the genomic complexity of Lemnaceae species and the flourishing field of transgenic development highlight the opportunities for genetic manipulation and biotechnological innovations. Novel methods for the germplasm conservation of duckweed can be adopted to preserve genetic diversity for future research endeavors and breeding programs. This review centers around prospects in duckweed research promoting interdisciplinary collaborations and technological advancements to drive its full potential as a model organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doni Thingujam
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 3100 East Science Hall, 902 14th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Karolina M. Pajerowska-Mukhtar
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 3100 East Science Hall, 902 14th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - M. Shahid Mukhtar
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 3100 East Science Hall, 902 14th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
- Department of Genetics & Biochemistry, Clemson University, 105 Collings St. Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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3
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Huang X, Liu X, Wang Q, Zhou Y, Deng S, He Q, Han H. Transcriptomic and targeted metabolome analyses revealed the regulatory mechanisms of the synthesis of bioactive compounds in Citrus grandis 'tomentosa'. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16881. [PMID: 38410798 PMCID: PMC10896087 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Exocarpium Citri Grandis is a popular Chinese herbal medicine prepared from Citrus grandis 'tomentosa', and it is rich in several bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, coumarins, and volatile oils. However, studies are yet to elucidate the mechanisms of synthesis and regulation of these active components. Therefore, the present study examined the profiles of flavonoids and volatile oil bioactive compounds in plant petals, fruits, and tender leaves, and then performed RNA sequencing on different tissues to identify putative genes involved in the synthesis of bioactive compounds. The results show that the naringin, naringenin, and coumarin contents of the fruitlets were significantly higher than those of the tender leaves and petals, whereas the tender leaves had significantly higher levels of rhoifolin and apigenin. A total of 49 volatile oils, of which 10 were mainly found in flowers, 15 were mainly found in fruits, and 18 were mainly found in leaves, were identified. RNA sequencing identified 9,942 genes that were differentially expressed in different tissues. Further analysis showed that 20, 15, and 74 differentially expressed genes were involved in regulating flavonoid synthesis, regulating coumarin synthesis, and synthesis and regulation of terpenoids, respectively. CHI1 (Cg7g005600) and 1,2Rhat gene (Cg1g023820) may be involved in the regulation of naringin synthesis in C. grandis fruits. The HDR (Cg8g006150) gene, HMGS gene (Cg5g009630) and GGPS (Cg1g003650) may be involved in the regulation and synthesis of volatile oils in C. grandis petals. Overall, the findings of the present study enhance our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of secondary metabolites in C. grandis, which could promote the breeding of C. grandis with desired characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmin Huang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technique Research Center for Exocarpium Citri Grandis Planting and Processing, Maoming, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, China
| | - Yanqing Zhou
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, China
| | - Shiting Deng
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, China
| | - Qinqin He
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technique Research Center for Exocarpium Citri Grandis Planting and Processing, Maoming, China
| | - Hanbing Han
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technique Research Center for Exocarpium Citri Grandis Planting and Processing, Maoming, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, China
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Fu L, Tan D, Sun X, Ding Z, Zhang J. Extensive post-transcriptional regulation revealed by integrative transcriptome and proteome analyses in salicylic acid-induced flowering in duckweed ( Lemna gibba). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1331949. [PMID: 38390296 PMCID: PMC10883067 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1331949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Duckweed is an aquatic model plant with tremendous potential in industrial and agricultural applications. Duckweed rarely flowers which significantly hinders the resource collection and heterosis utilization. Salicylic acid (SA) can significantly induce duckweed to flower; however, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this work, transcriptome and proteome were conducted in parallel to examine the expression change of genes and proteins in Lemna gibba under SA treatment. A high-quality reference transcriptome was generated using Iso-Seq strategy, yielding 42,281 full-length transcripts. A total of 422, 423, and 417 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), as well as 213, 51, and 92 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), were identified at flower induction, flower initiation, and flowering stages by ssRNA-seq and iTRAQ methods. Most DEGs and DEPs were only regulated at either the transcriptomic or proteomic level. Additionally, DEPs exhibited low expression correlations with the corresponding mRNAs, suggesting that post-transcriptional regulation plays a pivotal role in SA-induced flowering in L. gibba. Specifically, the genes related to photosynthesis, stress, and hormone metabolism were mainly regulated at the mRNA level, those associated with mitochondrial electron transport / ATP synthesis, nucleotide synthesis, and secondary metabolism were regulated at the protein level, while those related to redox metabolism were regulated at the mRNA and/or protein levels. The post-transcriptional regulation of genes relevant to hormone synthesis, transcription factors, and flowering was also extensively analyzed and discussed. This is the first study of integrative transcriptomic and proteomic analyses in duckweed, providing novel insights of post-transcriptional regulation in SA-induced flowering of L. gibba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Fu
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, MOA Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Biology and Genetic Resources, Hainan Bioenergy Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Deguan Tan
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, MOA Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Biology and Genetic Resources, Hainan Bioenergy Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Xuepiao Sun
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, MOA Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Biology and Genetic Resources, Hainan Bioenergy Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Zehong Ding
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, MOA Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Biology and Genetic Resources, Hainan Bioenergy Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Sanya Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, MOA Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Biology and Genetic Resources, Hainan Bioenergy Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
- Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
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Ochieng WA, Wei L, Wagutu GK, Xian L, Muthui SW, Ogada S, Otieno DO, Linda EL, Liu F. Transcriptome Analysis of Macrophytes' Myriophyllum spicatum Response to Ammonium Nitrogen Stress Using the Whole Plant Individual. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3875. [PMID: 38005772 PMCID: PMC10675724 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium toxicity in macrophytes reduces growth and development due to a disrupted metabolism and high carbon requirements for internal ammonium detoxification. To provide more molecular support for ammonium detoxification in the above-ground and below-ground parts of Myriophyllum spicatum, we separated (using hermetic bags) the aqueous medium surrounding the below-ground from that surrounding the above-ground and explored the genes in these two regions. The results showed an upregulation of asparagine synthetase genes under high ammonium concentrations. Furthermore, the transcriptional down and/or upregulation of other genes involved in nitrogen metabolism, including glutamate dehydrogenase, ammonium transporter, and aspartate aminotransferase in above-ground and below-ground parts were crucial for ammonium homeostasis under high ammonium concentrations. The results suggest that, apart from the primary pathway and alternative pathway, the asparagine metabolic pathway plays a crucial role in ammonium detoxification in macrophytes. Therefore, the complex genetic regulatory network in M. spicatum contributes to its ammonium tolerance, and the above-ground part is the most important in ammonium detoxification. Nevertheless, there is a need to incorporate an open-field experimental setup for a conclusive picture of nitrogen dynamics, toxicity, and the molecular response of M. spicatum in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wyckliffe Ayoma Ochieng
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (W.A.O.); (G.K.W.); (L.X.); (S.W.M.); (D.O.O.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Li Wei
- Changjiang Water Resources and Hydropower Development Group (Hubei) Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430010, China;
| | - Godfrey Kinyori Wagutu
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (W.A.O.); (G.K.W.); (L.X.); (S.W.M.); (D.O.O.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Ling Xian
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (W.A.O.); (G.K.W.); (L.X.); (S.W.M.); (D.O.O.)
| | - Samuel Wamburu Muthui
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (W.A.O.); (G.K.W.); (L.X.); (S.W.M.); (D.O.O.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Stephen Ogada
- Institute for Biotechnology Research, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi 00200, Kenya;
| | - Duncan Ochieng Otieno
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (W.A.O.); (G.K.W.); (L.X.); (S.W.M.); (D.O.O.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Elive Limunga Linda
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China;
| | - Fan Liu
- Core Botanical Gardens/Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (W.A.O.); (G.K.W.); (L.X.); (S.W.M.); (D.O.O.)
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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6
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Ziegler P, Appenroth KJ, Sree KS. Survival Strategies of Duckweeds, the World's Smallest Angiosperms. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112215. [PMID: 37299193 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Duckweeds (Lemnaceae) are small, simply constructed aquatic higher plants that grow on or just below the surface of quiet waters. They consist primarily of leaf-like assimilatory organs, or fronds, that reproduce mainly by vegetative replication. Despite their diminutive size and inornate habit, duckweeds have been able to colonize and maintain themselves in almost all of the world's climate zones. They are thereby subject to multiple adverse influences during the growing season, such as high temperatures, extremes of light intensity and pH, nutrient shortage, damage by microorganisms and herbivores, the presence of harmful substances in the water, and competition from other aquatic plants, and they must also be able to withstand winter cold and drought that can be lethal to the fronds. This review discusses the means by which duckweeds come to grips with these adverse influences to ensure their survival. Important duckweed attributes in this regard are a pronounced potential for rapid growth and frond replication, a juvenile developmental status facilitating adventitious organ formation, and clonal diversity. Duckweeds have specific features at their disposal for coping with particular environmental difficulties and can also cooperate with other organisms of their surroundings to improve their survival chances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Ziegler
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Klaus J Appenroth
- Matthias Schleiden Institute-Plant Physiology, University of Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - K Sowjanya Sree
- Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Kerala, Periye 671320, India
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Liao Y, Zhao S, Zhang W, Zhao P, Lu B, Moody ML, Tan N, Chen L. Chromosome-level genome and high nitrogen stress response of the widespread and ecologically important wetland plant Typha angustifolia. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1138498. [PMID: 37265642 PMCID: PMC10230045 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1138498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Typha angustifolia L., known as narrowleaf cattail, is widely distributed in Eurasia but has been introduced to North America. Typha angustifolia is a semi-aquatic, wetland obligate plant that is widely distributed in Eurasia and North America. It is ecologically important for nutrient cycling in wetlands where it occurs and is used in phytoremediation and traditional medicine. In order to construct a high-quality genome for Typha angustifolia and investigate genes in response to high nitrogen stress, we carried out complete genome sequencing and high-nitrogen-stress experiments. We generated a chromosomal-level genome of T. angustifolia, which had 15 pseudochromosomes, a size of 207 Mb, and a contig N50 length of 13.57 Mb. Genome duplication analyses detected no recent whole-genome duplication (WGD) event for T. angustifolia. An analysis of gene family expansion and contraction showed that T. angustifolia gained 1,310 genes and lost 1,426 genes. High-nitrogen-stress experiments showed that a high nitrogen level had a significant inhibitory effect on root growth and differential gene expression analyses using 24 samples found 128 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the nitrogen-treated and control groups. DEGs in the roots and leaves were enriched in alanines, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, photosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant-pathogen interaction, and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, among others. This study provides genomic data for a medicinal and ecologically important herb and lays a theoretical foundation for plant-assisted water pollution remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuying Zhao
- School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangsu Open University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenda Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Puguang Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Michael L. Moody
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Ninghua Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingyun Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Wang Q, Hu J, Hu H, Li Y, Xiang M, Wang D. Integrated eco-physiological, biochemical, and molecular biological analyses of selenium fortification mechanism in alfalfa. PLANTA 2022; 256:114. [PMID: 36370252 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04027-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Foliar Se (IV) application at 100 mg/kg can act as a positive bio-stimulator of redox, photosynthesis, and nutrient metabolism in alfalfa via phenotypes, nutritional compositions, biochemistry, combined with transcriptome analysis. Selenium (Se) is an essential element for mammals, and plants are the primary source of dietary Se. However, Se usually has dual (beneficial/toxic) effects on the plant itself. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most important forage resources in the world due to its high nutritive value. In this study, we have investigated the effects of sodium selenite (Se (IV)) (0, 100, 200, 300, and 500 mg/kg) on eco-physiological, biochemical, and transcriptional mechanisms in alfalfa. The phenotypic and nutritional composition alterations revealed that lower Se (IV) (100 mg/kg) levels positively affected alfalfa; it enhanced the antioxidant activity, which may contribute to redox homeostasis and chloroplast function. At 100 mg/kg Se (IV) concentration, the H2O2, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents decreased by 36.72% and 22.62%, respectively, whereas the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) increased by 31.10%. Se supplementation at 100 mg/kg increased the plant pigments contents, the light-harvesting capacity of PSII (Fv/Fm) and PSI (ΔP700max), and the carbon fixation efficiency, which was demonstrated by enhanced photosynthesis (37.6%). Furthermore, alfalfa shifted carbon flux to protein synthesis to improve quality at 100 mg/kg of Se (IV) by upregulating carbohydrate and amino acid metabolic genes. On the contrary, at 500 mg/kg, Se (IV) became toxic. Higher Se (IV) disordered the plant antioxidant system, increasing H2O2 and MDA by 14.2 and 4.3%, respectively. Moreover, photosynthesis was inhibited by 20.2%, and more structural substances, such as lignin, were synthesized. These results strongly suggest that Se (IV) at a concentration of 100 mg/kg act as the positive bio-stimulator of redox metabolism, photosynthesis, and nutrient in alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingdong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Bioactive Macromolecules, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Henan Grass and Animal Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Jinke Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Bioactive Macromolecules, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Henan Grass and Animal Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Huafeng Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
- Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, 450046, Hennan, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Bioactive Macromolecules, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
- Henan Grass and Animal Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China.
| | - Yan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Bioactive Macromolecules, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Henan Grass and Animal Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Meiling Xiang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Bioactive Macromolecules, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Henan Grass and Animal Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
| | - Dezhen Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Bioactive Macromolecules, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
- Henan Grass and Animal Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan, China
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9
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Cox KL, Manchego J, Meyers BC, Czymmek KJ, Harkess A. Automated imaging of duckweed growth and development. PLANT DIRECT 2022; 6:e439. [PMID: 36186894 PMCID: PMC9510441 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Duckweeds are the smallest angiosperms, possessing a simple body architecture and highest rates of biomass accumulation. They can grow near-exponentially via clonal propagation. Understanding their reproductive biology, growth, and development is essential to unlock their potential for phytoremediation, carbon capture, and nutrition. However, there is a lack of non-laborious and convenient methods for spatially and temporally imaging an array of duckweed plants and growth conditions in the same experiment. We developed an automated microscopy approach to record time-lapse images of duckweed plants growing in 12-well cell culture plates. As a proof-of-concept experiment, we grew duckweed on semi-solid media with and without sucrose and monitored its effect on their growth over 3 days. Using the PlantCV toolkit, we quantified the thallus area of individual plantlets over time, and showed that L. minor grown on sucrose had an average growth rate four times higher than without sucrose. This method will serve as a blueprint to perform automated high-throughput growth assays for studying the development patterns of duckweeds from different species, genotypes, and conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L. Cox
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteChevy ChaseMarylandUSA
| | | | - Blake C. Meyers
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of BiologyUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | | | - Alex Harkess
- HudsonAlpha Institute for BiotechnologyHuntsvilleAlabamaUSA
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental SciencesAuburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA
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10
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Loll A, Reinwald H, Ayobahan SU, Göckener B, Salinas G, Schäfers C, Schlich K, Hamscher G, Eilebrecht S. Short-Term Test for Toxicogenomic Analysis of Ecotoxic Modes of Action in Lemna minor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:11504-11515. [PMID: 35926083 PMCID: PMC9386900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In the environmental risk assessment of substances, toxicity to aquatic plants is evaluated using, among other methods, the 7 dayLemna sp. growth inhibition test following the OECD TG 221. So far, the test is not applicable for short-term screening of toxicity, nor does it allow evaluation of toxic modes of action (MoA). The latter is also complicated by the lack of knowledge of gene functions in the test species. Using ecotoxicogenomics, we developed a time-shortened 3 day assay inLemna minor which allows discrimination of ecotoxic MoA. By examining the changes in gene expression induced by low effect concentrations of the pharmaceutical atorvastatin and the herbicide bentazon at the transcriptome and proteome levels, we were able to identify candidate biomarkers for the respective MoA. We developed a homology-based functional annotation pipeline for the reference genome ofL. minor, which allowed overrepresentation analysis of the gene ontologies affected by both test compounds. Genes affected by atorvastatin mainly influenced lipid synthesis and metabolism, whereas the bentazon-responsive genes were mainly involved in light response. Our approach is therefore less time-consuming but sensitive and allows assessment of MoA in L. minor. Using this shortened assay, investigation of expression changes of the identified candidate biomarkers may allow the development of MoA-specific screening approaches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Loll
- Fraunhofer
Attract Eco’n’OMICs, Fraunhofer
Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Auf dem Aberg 1, Schmallenberg 57392, Germany
- Institute
of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Hannes Reinwald
- Fraunhofer
Attract Eco’n’OMICs, Fraunhofer
Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Auf dem Aberg 1, Schmallenberg 57392, Germany
- Department
Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Steve U. Ayobahan
- Fraunhofer
Attract Eco’n’OMICs, Fraunhofer
Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Auf dem Aberg 1, Schmallenberg 57392, Germany
| | - Bernd Göckener
- Department
of Food and Feed Safety, Fraunhofer Institute
for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg 57392, Germany
| | - Gabriela Salinas
- NGS-Services
for Integrative Genomics, University of
Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Christoph Schäfers
- Department
Ecotoxicology, Fraunhofer Institute for
Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg 57392, Germany
| | - Karsten Schlich
- Department
Ecotoxicology, Fraunhofer Institute for
Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Schmallenberg 57392, Germany
| | - Gerd Hamscher
- Institute
of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Sebastian Eilebrecht
- Fraunhofer
Attract Eco’n’OMICs, Fraunhofer
Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Auf dem Aberg 1, Schmallenberg 57392, Germany
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11
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Zhao XL, Li P, Qu C, Lu R, Li ZH. Phytotoxicity of environmental norfloxacin concentrations on the aquatic plant Spirodela polyrrhiza: Evaluation of growth parameters, photosynthetic toxicity and biochemical traits. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 258:109365. [PMID: 35525467 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
As an emerging pollutant, the increasing use of antibiotics in wastewater posed a serious threat to non-target organisms in the environment. Duckweed (Spirodela polyrrhiza) is a common higher aquatic plant broadly used in phytotoxicity tests for xenobiotic substances. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chronic toxicity of norfloxacin (NOR) on Spirodela polyrrhiza during 18 days of exposure. Our study investigated the addition of NOR into the medium with environment-related concentrations (0, 0.1, 10, and 1000 μg L-1). Subsequently, biomarkers of toxicity such as growth, pigment, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, indicators of oxidative stress, and osmotic regulatory substances content were analyzed in duckweed. In response to NOR exposure, obvious chlorosis, declines in growth and photosynthetic pigment, and photosystem II inhibition were noted in a concentration dependent manner. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant activity content increased in the treated fronds, which indicated that oxidative stress was specifically affected by NOR exposure. A slight increase in osmotic regulatory substances in NOR treated setups than in the control represented the increasing stress resistance. These results suggest NOR exerts its toxic effects on the aquatic plant Spirodela polyrrhiza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Li Zhao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Ping Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Chunfeng Qu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Rong Lu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China.
| | - Zhi-Hua Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China.
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12
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Xiao F, Feng LJ, Sun XD, Wang Y, Wang ZW, Zhu FP, Yuan XZ. Do Polystyrene Nanoplastics Have Similar Effects on Duckweed ( Lemna minor L.) at Environmentally Relevant and Observed-Effect Concentrations? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:4071-4079. [PMID: 35290020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although the biological effects of nanoplastics (<100 nm in size) in aquatic environments have been increasingly investigated, almost all such studies have been performed at observed-effect concentrations (higher than 1 μg/mL). The use of observed-effect concentrations of nanoplastics can provide essential data for evaluating the potential risks, but how these results apply to the effects of concentrations of nanoplastics observed in the environment remains unclear. Here, we show that exposure to both positively and negatively charged nanoplastics at the observed-effect concentration (ranging from 0 to 50 μg/mL) can result in physiological changes of Lemna minor L., a typical flowering aquatic plant species, inducing H2O2 and O2- accumulation and even cell death. However, the nanoplastics at environmentally relevant concentrations (lower than 0.1 μg/mL) had no obvious effects on phenotype of L. minor. Moreover, nanoplastics at both observed-effect and environmentally relevant concentrations were adsorbed onto the roots and fronds of the plants, whereas uptake by the roots and fronds occurred only at the observed-effect concentration. Although no phenotypic changes across 30 generations of cultivation were observed when the plants were exposed to 0.015 μg/mL nanoplastics, the expression of genes related to the response to stimuli and to oxidative and osmotic stress was upregulated under both observed-effect and environmentally relevant concentrations. Our findings suggest that the long-term presence of nanoplastics at environmentally relevant concentrations might induce some variations in the transcription level and have potential threat to floating microphytes and aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Xiao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Li-Juan Feng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Sun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Wei Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Fan-Ping Zhu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Zheng Yuan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
- Sino-French Research Institute for Ecology and Environment (ISFREE), Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
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13
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Yahaya N, Hamdan NH, Zabidi AR, Mohamad AM, Suhaimi MLH, Johari MAAM, Yahya HN, Yahya H. Duckweed as a future food: Evidence from metabolite profile, nutritional and microbial analyses. FUTURE FOODS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2022.100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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14
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Zhou Y, Kishchenko O, Stepanenko A, Chen G, Wang W, Zhou J, Pan C, Borisjuk N. The Dynamics of NO3- and NH4+ Uptake in Duckweed Are Coordinated with the Expression of Major Nitrogen Assimilation Genes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:11. [PMID: 35009015 PMCID: PMC8747334 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Duckweed plants play important roles in aquatic ecosystems worldwide. They rapidly accumulate biomass and have potential uses in bioremediation of water polluted by fertilizer runoff or other chemicals. Here we studied the assimilation of two major sources of inorganic nitrogen, nitrate (NO3- ) and ammonium (NH4+), in six duckweed species: Spirodela polyrhiza, Landoltia punctata, Lemna aequinoctialis, Lemna turionifera, Lemna minor, and Wolffia globosa. All six duckweed species preferred NH4+ over NO3- and started using NO3- only when NH4+ was depleted. Using the available genome sequence, we analyzed the molecular structure and expression of eight key nitrogen assimilation genes in S. polyrhiza. The expression of genes encoding nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase increased about 10-fold when NO3- was supplied and decreased when NH4+ was supplied. NO3- and NH4+ induced the glutamine synthetase (GS) genes GS1;2 and the GS2 by 2- to 5-fold, respectively, but repressed GS1;1 and GS1;3. NH4+ and NO3- upregulated the genes encoding ferredoxin- and NADH-dependent glutamate synthases (Fd-GOGAT and NADH-GOGAT). A survey of nitrogen assimilation gene promoters suggested complex regulation, with major roles for NRE-like and GAATC/GATTC cis-elements, TATA-based enhancers, GA/CTn repeats, and G-quadruplex structures. These results will inform efforts to improve bioremediation and nitrogen use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nikolai Borisjuk
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, West Changjiang Road 111, Huai’an 223000, China; (Y.Z.); (O.K.); (A.S.); (G.C.); (W.W.); (J.Z.); (C.P.)
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15
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Ochieng WA, Xian L, Nasimiyu AT, Muthui SW, Ndirangu LN, Otieno DO, Wan T, Liu F. Exploring the ammonium detoxification mechanism of young and mature leaves of the macrophyte Potamogeton lucens. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 237:105879. [PMID: 34116338 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity in aquatic plants, caused by excess ammonium in the environment, is an important ecological problem and active research topic. Recent studies showed the importance of the enzyme Glutamate Dehydrogenase (GDH) in detoxifying ammonium. However, these results mainly derived from species comparisons, hence some mechanisms may have been obscured due to species differences. Our recent finding that young leaves of Potamogeton lucens were less sensitive to ammonium enrichment, than mature leaves allowed us to study ammonium detoxification within a species. We found that, unlike mature leaves, ammonium-tolerant young leaves of P. lucens could assimilate ammonium mainly through GDH. There was a 38% increase of NADH-dependent GDH in 50 mg/L ammonium concentration compared with 0.1 mg/L. Therefore, this study confirms the hypothesis that the GDH pathway plays a major role in the detoxification of ammonium in freshwater macrophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wyckliffe Ayoma Ochieng
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ling Xian
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China; Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
| | - Annah Timinah Nasimiyu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Samuel Wamburu Muthui
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Leah Nyawira Ndirangu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Duncan Ochieng Otieno
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tao Wan
- Key Laboratory of Southern Subtropical Plant Diversity, Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen & Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen 518004, China.
| | - Fan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China; Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China.
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16
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Ikebe Otomo J, Araujo de Jesus T, Gomes Coelho LH, Rebelo Monteiro L, Hunter C, Helwig K, Roberts J, Pahl O. Effect of eight common Brazilian drugs on Lemna minor and Salvinia auriculata growth. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:43747-43762. [PMID: 33837946 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13795-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The growth of two species of macrophytes (Lemna minor and Salvinia auriculata) under the effect of a mixture of amoxicillin, caffeine, carbamazepine, dipyrone, ibuprofen, losartan, omeprazole, and tenivastatin was investigated by bioassay. Three concentration levels were utilized in this study (10, 200, and 500 μg L-1) using a growth inhibition test based on the OECD 221/2006 guidelines. The frond number, total area, and chlorophyll a level were selected as suitable end points. For L. minor, at all concentrations, a significant difference in the total frond number was observed and the growth inhibition varied from 30 to 70% at the low and high concentrations, respectively. No significant growth change was observed to S. auriculata exposed to the mixture of drugs. Thus, individual drug tests were performed for L. minor which demonstrated stimulation in growth, when exposed to most drugs individually, except tenivastatin which was identified as the drug responsible for the significant growth inhibition seen in the mixture. The L. minor enhanced growth was probably caused by N molecule transformation to ammonium and nitrate, essential nutrients for plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Ikebe Otomo
- Centro de Engenharia, Modelagem e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Universidade Federal do ABC, UFABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Tatiane Araujo de Jesus
- Centro de Engenharia, Modelagem e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Universidade Federal do ABC, UFABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Helena Gomes Coelho
- Centro de Engenharia, Modelagem e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Universidade Federal do ABC, UFABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucilena Rebelo Monteiro
- Centro de Química e Meio Ambiente, IPEN - Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Av. Lineu Prestes 2242, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Colin Hunter
- School of Computing, Engineering and Built Environment, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Karin Helwig
- School of Computing, Engineering and Built Environment, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Joanne Roberts
- School of Computing, Engineering and Built Environment, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Ole Pahl
- School of Computing, Engineering and Built Environment, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland
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17
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Lee H, Depuydt S, Shin K, Choi S, Kim G, Lee YH, Park JT, Han T, Park J. Assessment of Various Toxicity Endpoints in Duckweed ( Lemna minor) at the Physiological, Biochemical, and Molecular Levels as a Measure of Diuron Stress. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10070684. [PMID: 34356539 PMCID: PMC8301316 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The common, broad-spectrum herbicide diuron poses some risks to the environment due to its long persistence and high toxicity. Therefore, the effective monitoring of diuron residues will inform efforts to assess its impacts on ecosystems. In this study, we evaluated the toxicity targets of diuron in the model aquatic macrophyte Lemna minor at the physiological (growth and photosynthetic efficiency), biochemical (pigment biosynthesis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels), and molecular (rbcL transcript) levels. The toxicity of diuron was detectable after 48 h of exposure and the order of sensitivity of toxicity endpoints was gene transcription > maximum electron transport rate (ETRmax) > non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) > maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) > ROS > fresh weight > chlorophyll b > chlorophyll a > total frond area > carotenoids. Under diuron stress, pigment, ROS, and gene transcript levels increased while frond area, fresh weight, and photosynthesis (Fv/Fm and ETRmax) gradually decreased with the increasing duration of exposure. Notably, ROS levels, Fv/Fm, frond area, and fresh weight were highly correlated with diuron concentration. The growth endpoints (frond area and fresh weight) showed a strong negative correlation with ROS levels and a positive correlation with Fv/Fm and ETRmax. These findings shed light on the relative sensitivity of different endpoints for the assessment of diuron toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojun Lee
- Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Korea; (H.L.); (S.C.); (G.K.); (T.H.)
- Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5 Songdomunhwa-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21985, Korea;
| | - Stephen Depuydt
- Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5 Songdomunhwa-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21985, Korea;
| | - Kisik Shin
- Water Environmental Engineering Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, 42 Hwangyeong-ro, Seo-gu, Incheon 22689, Korea;
| | - Soyeon Choi
- Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Korea; (H.L.); (S.C.); (G.K.); (T.H.)
| | - Geonhee Kim
- Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Korea; (H.L.); (S.C.); (G.K.); (T.H.)
| | - Yun Haeng Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.L.); (J.T.P.)
| | - Joon Tae Park
- Division of Life Sciences, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.L.); (J.T.P.)
| | - Taejun Han
- Department of Marine Science, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Korea; (H.L.); (S.C.); (G.K.); (T.H.)
- Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5 Songdomunhwa-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21985, Korea;
| | - Jihae Park
- Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5 Songdomunhwa-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21985, Korea;
- Correspondence:
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18
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Tian X, Fang Y, Jin Y, Yi Z, Li J, Du A, He K, Huang Y, Zhao H. Ammonium detoxification mechanism of ammonium-tolerant duckweed (Landoltia punctata) revealed by carbon and nitrogen metabolism under ammonium stress. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 277:116834. [PMID: 33714787 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the ammonium-tolerant duckweed Landoltia punctata 0202 was used to study the effect of ammonium stress on carbon and nitrogen metabolism and elucidate the detoxification mechanism. The growth status, protein and starch content, and activity of nitrogen assimilation enzymes were determined, and the transcriptional levels of genes involved in ion transport and carbon and nitrogen metabolism were investigated. Under high ammonium stress, the duckweed growth was inhibited, especially when ammonium was the sole nitrogen source. Ammonium might mainly enter cells via low-affinity transporters. The stimulation of potassium transport genes suggested sufficient potassium acquisition, precluding cation deficiency. In addition, the up-regulation of ammonium assimilation and transamination indicated that excess ammonium could be incorporated into organic nitrogen. Furthermore, the starch content increased from 3.97% to 16.43% and 26.02% in the mixed-nitrogen and ammonium-nitrogen groups, respectively. And the up-regulated starch synthesis, degradation, and glycolysis processes indicated that the accumulated starch could provide sufficient carbon skeletons for excess ammonium assimilation. The findings of this study illustrated that the coordination of carbon and nitrogen metabolism played a vital role in the ammonium detoxification mechanism of duckweeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yang Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yanling Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhuolin Yi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jinmeng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Anping Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kaize He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuhong Huang
- Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Hai Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China; Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
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19
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Hafeez A, Gě Q, Zhāng Q, Lǐ J, Gōng J, Liú R, Shí Y, Shāng H, Liú À, Iqbal MS, Dèng X, Razzaq A, Ali M, Yuán Y, Gǒng W. Multi-responses of O-methyltransferase genes to salt stress and fiber development of Gossypium species. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:37. [PMID: 33430775 PMCID: PMC7798291 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02786-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND O-methyltransferases (OMTs) are an important group of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to their acceptor substrates. OMTs are divided into several groups according to their structural features. In Gossypium species, they are involved in phenolics and flavonoid pathways. Phenolics defend the cellulose fiber from dreadful external conditions of biotic and abiotic stresses, promoting strength and growth of plant cell wall. RESULTS An OMT gene family, containing a total of 192 members, has been identified and characterized in three main Gossypium species, G. hirsutum, G. arboreum and G. raimondii. Cis-regulatory elements analysis suggested important roles of OMT genes in growth, development, and defense against stresses. Transcriptome data of different fiber developmental stages in Chromosome Substitution Segment Lines (CSSLs), Recombination Inbred Lines (RILs) with excellent fiber quality, and standard genetic cotton cultivar TM-1 demonstrate that up-regulation of OMT genes at different fiber developmental stages, and abiotic stress treatments have some significant correlations with fiber quality formation, and with salt stress response. Quantitative RT-PCR results revealed that GhOMT10_Dt and GhOMT70_At genes had a specific expression in response to salt stress while GhOMT49_At, GhOMT49_Dt, and GhOMT48_At in fiber elongation and secondary cell wall stages. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that O-methyltransferase genes have multi-responses to salt stress and fiber development in Gossypium species and that they may contribute to salt tolerance or fiber quality formation in Gossypium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hafeez
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Hyderabad, Sindh, 70060, Pakistan
| | - Qún Gě
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Qí Zhāng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Jùnwén Lǐ
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Jǔwǔ Gōng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Ruìxián Liú
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Yùzhēn Shí
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Hǎihóng Shāng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Àiyīng Liú
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Muhammad S Iqbal
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xiǎoyīng Dèng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Abdul Razzaq
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Muharam Ali
- Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Hyderabad, Sindh, 70060, Pakistan.
| | - Yǒulù Yuán
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.
| | - Wànkuí Gǒng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.
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20
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Paterson JB, Camargo‐Valero MA, Baker A. Uncoupling growth from phosphorus uptake in Lemna: Implications for use of duckweed in wastewater remediation and P recovery in temperate climates. Food Energy Secur 2020; 9:e244. [PMID: 33381300 PMCID: PMC7757166 DOI: 10.1002/fes3.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for crop growth and the second most limiting after N. Current supplies rely on P-rich rocks that are unevenly distributed globally and exploited unsustainably, leading to concerns about future availability and therefore food security. Duckweeds (Lemnaceae) are aquatic macrophytes used in wastewater remediation with the potential for nutrient recycling as feed or fertilizer. The use of duckweeds in this way is confined to tropical regions as it has previously been assumed that growth in the colder seasons of the temperate regions would be insufficient. In this study, the combined effects of cool temperatures and short photoperiods on growth and P uptake and accumulation in Lemna were investigated under controlled laboratory conditions. Growth and P accumulation in Lemna can be uncoupled, with significant P removal from the medium and accumulation within the plants occurring even at 8°C and 6-hr photoperiods. Direct measurement of radiolabeled phosphate uptake confirmed that while transport is strongly temperature dependent, uptake can still be measured at 5°C. Prior phosphate starvation of the duckweed and use of nitrate as the nitrogen (N) source also greatly increased the rate of P removal and in-cell accumulation. These results form the basis for further examination of the feasibility of duckweed-based systems for wastewater treatment and P recapture in temperate climates, particularly in small, rural treatment works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimie B. Paterson
- Centre for Plant SciencesSchool of Molecular and Cellular BiologyFaculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
- BioResource Systems Research GroupSchool of Civil EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
- Present address:
The Environment AgencySouth PrestonUK
| | - Miller Alonso Camargo‐Valero
- BioResource Systems Research GroupSchool of Civil EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
- Departamento de Ingeniería QuímicaUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaManizalesColombia
| | - Alison Baker
- Centre for Plant SciencesSchool of Molecular and Cellular BiologyFaculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
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21
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Zhang JY, Cun Z, Wu HM, Chen JW. Integrated analysis on biochemical profiling and transcriptome revealed nitrogen-driven difference in accumulation of saponins in a medicinal plant Panax notoginseng. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 154:564-580. [PMID: 32912490 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The medicinal plant Panax notoginseng is considered a promising source of secondary metabolites due to its saponins. However, there are relatively few studies on the response of saponins to nitrogen (N) availability and the mechanisms underlying the N-driven regulation of saponins. Saponins content and saponins -related genes were analyzed in roots of P. notoginseng grown under low N (LN), moderate N (MN) and high N (HN). Saponins was obviously increased in LN individuals with a reduction in β-glucosidase activity. LN facilitated root architecture and N uptake rate. Compared with the LN individuals, 2872 and 1122 genes were incorporated into as differently expressed genes (DEGs) in the MN and HN individuals. Clustering and enrichment showed that DEGs related to "carbohydrate biosynthesis", "plant hormone signal transduction", "terpenoid backbone biosynthesis", "sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis" were enriched. The up-regulation of some saponins-related genes and microelement transporters was found in LN plants. Whereas the expression of IPT3, AHK4 and GS2 in LN plants fell far short of that in HN ones. Anyways, LN-induced accumulation of C-based metabolites as saponins might derive from the interaction between N and phytohormones in processing of N acquisition, and HN-induced reduction of saponins might be result from an increase in the form of β-glucosidase activity and N-dependent cytokinins (CKs) biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yan Zhang
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Zhu Cun
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Hong-Min Wu
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jun-Wen Chen
- College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwestern China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
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22
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Xun Z, Guo X, Li Y, Wen X, Wang C, Wang Y. Quantitative proteomics analysis of tomato growth inhibition by ammonium nitrogen. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 154:129-141. [PMID: 32559517 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
As a single nitrogen source, ammonium (NH4+) can inhibit the growth of plants, especially when applied in excess. Tandem mass tag (TMT) quantitative proteomics technology was employed in the current study to explore and analyze the mechanisms of ammonium-induced inhibition. F1 tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) was used in this study. Seedlings at the four leaf-stages grown in a greenhouse were irrigated using nutrient solution with NH4+-N as single nitrogen source (15 mmol L-1, single NO3--N as control) for 5 weeks. Compared to the control, the root biomass of NH4+-N-treated seedlings decreased by 50%. In addition, NH4+ content in roots was 2.83-fold increased and soluble sugar and protein contents were increased. However, the starch content did not change significantly. The activities of glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthetase (GOGAT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), which are involved in ammonium assimilation, were increased, and glutamine (Gln) content was also increased. However, glutamate (Glu) content, which is important for amino transfer, did not significantly increase. Ammonium assimilation was inhibited. Root quantitative proteomics showed that carbonic anhydrase Q5NE21 was significantly downregulated. Although K4BPV5 and K4D9J3 proteins, which improve ammonium assimilation, were upregulated, ammonium assimilation was limited. In addition, NH4+ accumulated, which is likely due to Q5NE21 downregulation. Meanwhile, cell wall metabolism related to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis was altered due to the accumulation of NH4+ levels. Subsequently, tomato root growth was inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Xun
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Guo
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaling Li
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiangzhen Wen
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanqi Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
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23
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Baggs EL, Monroe JG, Thanki AS, O'Grady R, Schudoma C, Haerty W, Krasileva KV. Convergent Loss of an EDS1/PAD4 Signaling Pathway in Several Plant Lineages Reveals Coevolved Components of Plant Immunity and Drought Response. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:2158-2177. [PMID: 32409319 PMCID: PMC7346574 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant innate immunity relies on nucleotide binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) that recognize pathogen-derived molecules and activate downstream signaling pathways. We analyzed the variation in NLR gene copy number and identified plants with a low number of NLR genes relative to sister species. We specifically focused on four plants from two distinct lineages, one monocot lineage (Alismatales) and one eudicot lineage (Lentibulariaceae). In these lineages, the loss of NLR genes coincides with loss of the well-known downstream immune signaling complex ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1)/PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 (PAD4). We expanded our analysis across whole proteomes and found that other characterized immune genes were absent only in Lentibulariaceae and Alismatales. Additionally, we identified genes of unknown function that were convergently lost together with EDS1/PAD4 in five plant species. Gene expression analyses in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and Oryza sativa revealed that several homologs of the candidates are differentially expressed during pathogen infection, drought, and abscisic acid treatment. Our analysis provides evolutionary evidence for the rewiring of plant immunity in some plant lineages, as well as the coevolution of the EDS1/PAD4 pathway and drought responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Baggs
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, United Kingdom
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J Grey Monroe
- University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anil S Thanki
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ruby O'Grady
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Schudoma
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, United Kingdom
| | - Wilfried Haerty
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ksenia V Krasileva
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, United Kingdom
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
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24
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Fu L, Ding Z, Sun X, Zhang J. Physiological and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Distorted Ion Homeostasis and Responses in the Freshwater Plant Spirodela polyrhiza L. under Salt Stress. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10100743. [PMID: 31554307 PMCID: PMC6826491 DOI: 10.3390/genes10100743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Duckweeds are a family of freshwater angiosperms with morphology reduced to fronds and propagation by vegetative budding. Unlike other angiosperm plants such as Arabidopsis and rice that have physical barriers between their photosynthetic organs and soils, the photosynthetic organs of duckweeds face directly to their nutrient suppliers (waters), therefore, their responses to salinity may be distinct. In this research, we found that the duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza L. accumulated high content of sodium and reduced potassium and calcium contents in large amounts under salt stress. Fresh weight, Rubisco and AGPase activities, and starch content were significantly decreaseded in the first day but recovered gradually in the following days and accumulated more starch than control from Day 3 to Day 5 when treated with 100 mM and 150 mM NaCl. A total of 2156 differentially expressed genes were identified. Overall, the genes related to ethylene metabolism, major CHO degradation, lipid degradation, N-metabolism, secondary metabolism of flavonoids, and abiotic stress were significantly increased, while those involved in cell cycle and organization, cell wall, mitochondrial electron transport of ATP synthesis, light reaction of photosynthesis, auxin metabolism, and tetrapyrrole synthesis were greatly inhibited. Moreover, salt stress also significantly influenced the expression of transcription factors that are mainly involved in abiotic stress and cell differentiation. However, most of the osmosensing calcium antiporters (OSCA) and the potassium inward channels were downregulated, Na+/H+ antiporters (SOS1 and NHX) and a Na+/Ca2+ exchanger were slightly upregulated, but most of them did not respond significantly to salt stress. These results indicated that the ion homeostasis was strongly disturbed. Finally, the shared and distinct regulatory networks of salt stress responses between duckweeds and other plants were intensively discussed. Taken together, these findings provide novel insights into the underlying mechanisms of salt stress response in duckweeds, and can be served as a useful foundation for salt tolerance improvement of duckweeds for the application in salinity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Fu
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, MOA Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Biology and Genetic Resources, Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, Hainan Bioenergy Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Xueyuan Road 4, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Zehong Ding
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, MOA Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Biology and Genetic Resources, Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, Hainan Bioenergy Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Xueyuan Road 4, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Xuepiao Sun
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, MOA Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Biology and Genetic Resources, Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, Hainan Bioenergy Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Xueyuan Road 4, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, MOA Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Biology and Genetic Resources, Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, Hainan Bioenergy Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Xueyuan Road 4, Haikou 571101, China.
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25
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Ziegler P, Sree KS, Appenroth KJ. Duckweed biomarkers for identifying toxic water contaminants? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:14797-14822. [PMID: 30397749 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3427-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Surface or ground waters can be contaminated with numerous toxic substances. The duckweeds Lemna minor and Lemna gibba are widely used for assaying waterborne toxicity to higher plants in terms of growth inhibition and photosynthetic pigment reduction. These tests cannot, however, in themselves determine the nature of the agents responsible for toxicity. Morphological, developmental, physiological, biochemical, and genetic responses of duckweeds to exposure to toxic water contaminants constitute biomarkers of toxic effect. In principle, the very detection of these biomarkers should enable the contaminants having elicited them (and being responsible for the toxicity) to be identified. However, in practice, this is severely compromised by insufficient specificity of biomarkers for their corresponding toxicants and by the lack of documentation of biomarker/toxin relationships. The present contribution illustrates the difficulties of using known water contaminant-related duckweed biomarkers to identify toxins, and discusses possibilities for achieving this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Ziegler
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Kandregula Sowjanya Sree
- Department of Environmental Science, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Periye, 671316, India
| | - Klaus-Jürgen Appenroth
- Matthias-Schleiden Institute, Department of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743, Jena, Germany
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26
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Ekperusi AO, Sikoki FD, Nwachukwu EO. Application of common duckweed (Lemna minor) in phytoremediation of chemicals in the environment: State and future perspective. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 223:285-309. [PMID: 30784736 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 50 years, different strategies have been developed for the remediation of polluted air, land and water. Driven by public opinion and regulatory bottlenecks, ecological based strategies are preferable than conventional methods in the treatments of chemical effluents. Ecological systems with the application of microbes, fungi, earthworms, plants, enzymes, electrode and nanoparticles have been applied to varying degrees in different media for the remediation of various categories of pollutants. Aquatic macrophytes have been used extensively for the remediation of pollutants in wastewater effluents and aquatic environment over the past 30 years with the common duckweed (L. minor) as one of the most effective macrophytes that have been applied for remediation studies. Duckweed has shown strong potentials for the phytoremediation of organic pollutants, heavy metals, agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals and personal care products, radioactive waste, nanomaterials, petroleum hydrocarbons, dyes, toxins, and related pollutants. This review covers the state of duckweed application for the remediation of diverse aquatic pollutants and identifies gaps that are necessary for further studies as we find pragmatic and sound ecological solutions for the remediation of polluted environment for sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham O Ekperusi
- World Bank Africa Centre of Excellence, Centre for Oilfield Chemicals Research, Institute of Petroleum Studies, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria; Department of Marine Environment & Pollution Control, Faculty of Marine Environmental Management, Nigeria Maritime University, Okerenkoko, Delta State, Nigeria.
| | - Francis D Sikoki
- Department of Animal & Environmental Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Eunice O Nwachukwu
- Department of Plant Science & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria
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27
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Wang R, Xu S, Jiang C, Sun H, Feng S, Zhou S, Zhuang G, Bai Z, Zhuang X. Transcriptomic Sequencing and Co-Expression Network Analysis on Key Genes and Pathways Regulating Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Myriophyllum aquaticum. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071587. [PMID: 30934901 PMCID: PMC6480359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Massively input and accumulated ammonium is one of the main causes of eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems, which severely deteriorates water quality. Previous studies showed that one of the commonly used macrophytes, Myriophyllum aquaticum, was capable of not only withstanding ammonium of high concentration, but also efficiently assimilating extracellular ammonium to constitutive amino acids and proteins. However, the genetic mechanism regulating such efficient nitrogen metabolism in M. aquaticum is still poorly understood. Therefore, RNA-based analysis was performed in this study to understand the ammonium regulatory mechanism in M. aquaticum in response to various concentrations of ammonium. A total of 7721 genes were differentially expressed, of which those related to nitrogen-transport, assimilation, and remobilization were highly-regulated in response to various concentrations of ammonium. We have also identified transcription factors and protein kinases that were rapidly induced in response to ammonium, which suggests their involvement in ammonium-mediated signalling. Meanwhile, secondary metabolism including phenolics and anthocyanins biosynthesis was also activated in response to various concentrations of ammonium, especially at high ammonium concentrations. These results proposed a complex physiological and genetic regulation network related to nitrogen, carbohydrate, transcription factors, and secondary metabolism for nitrogen use efficiency in M. aquaticum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Shengjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Cancan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Haishu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Shugeng Feng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Sining Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Guoqiang Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zhihui Bai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xuliang Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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28
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Wang R, Xu S, Sun H, Feng S, Jiang C, Zhou S, Wu S, Zhuang G, Chen B, Bai Z, Zhuang X. Complex regulatory network allows Myriophyllum aquaticum to thrive under high-concentration ammonia toxicity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4801. [PMID: 30886354 PMCID: PMC6423053 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41236-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants easily experience ammonia (NH4+) toxicity, especially aquatic plants. However, a unique wetland plant species, Myriophyllum aquaticum, can survive in livestock wastewater with more than 26 mM NH4+. In this study, the mechanisms of the M. aquaticum response to NH4+ toxicity were analysed with RNA-seq. Preliminary analysis of enzyme activities indicated that key enzymes involved in nitrogen metabolism were activated to assimilate toxic NH4+ into amino acids and proteins. In response to photosystem damage, M. aquaticum seemed to remobilize starch and cellulose for greater carbon and energy supplies to resist NH4+ toxicity. Antioxidative enzyme activity and the secondary metabolite content were significantly elevated for reactive oxygen species removal. Transcriptomic analyses also revealed that genes involved in diverse functions (e.g., nitrogen, carbon and secondary metabolisms) were highly responsive to NH4+ stress. These results suggested that a complex physiological and genetic regulatory network in M. aquaticum contributes to its NH4+ tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shengjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haishu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shugeng Feng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cancan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Sining Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shimin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Baodong Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Zhihui Bai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuliang Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Li PT, Rashid MHO, Chen TT, Lu QW, Ge Q, Gong WK, Liu AY, Gong JW, Shang HH, Deng XY, Li JW, Li SQ, Xiao XH, Liu RX, Zhang Q, Duan L, Zou XY, Zhang Z, Jiang X, Zhang Y, Peng RH, Shi YZ, Yuan YL. Transcriptomic and biochemical analysis of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and a chromosome segment substitution line from G. hirsutum × G. barbadense in response to Verticillium dahliae infection. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:19. [PMID: 30634907 PMCID: PMC6329193 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1619-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Verticillium wilt (VW), also known as "cotton cancer," is one of the most destructive diseases in global cotton production that seriously impacts fiber yield and quality. Despite numerous attempts, little significant progress has been made in improving the VW resistance of upland cotton. The development of chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) from Gossypium hirsutum × G. barbadense has emerged as a means of simultaneously developing new cotton varieties with high-yield, superior fiber, and resistance to VW. RESULTS In this study, VW-resistant investigations were first conducted in an artificial greenhouse, a natural field, and diseased nursery conditions, resulting in the identification of one stably VW-resistant CSSL, MBI8255, and one VW-susceptible G. hirsutum, CCRI36, which were subsequently subjected to biochemical tests and transcriptome sequencing during V991 infection (0, 1, and 2 days after inoculation). Eighteen root samples with three replications were collected to perform multiple comparisons of enzyme activity and biochemical substance contents. The findings indicated that VW resistance was positively correlated with peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity, but negatively correlated with malondialdehyde content. Additionally, RNA sequencing was used for the same root samples, resulting in a total of 77,412 genes, of which 23,180 differentially expressed genes were identified from multiple comparisons between samples. After Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis on the expression profiles identified using Short Time-series Expression Miner, we found that the metabolic process in the biological process, as well as the pathways of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and plant hormone signal transduction, participated significantly in the response to VW. Gene functional annotation and expression quantity analysis indicated the important roles of the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway and oxidation-reduction process in response to VW, which also provided plenty of candidate genes related to plant resistance. CONCLUSIONS This study concentrates on the preliminary response to V991 infection by comparing the VW-resistant CSSL and its VW-susceptible recurrent parent. Not only do our findings facilitate the culturing of new resistant varieties with high yield and superior performance, but they also broaden our understanding of the mechanisms of cotton resistance to VW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Md. Harun or Rashid
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Ting-ting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong China
| | - Quan-wei Lu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Qun Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Wan-kui Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Ai-ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Ju-wu Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Hai-hong Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Xiao-ying Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Jun-wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Shao-qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Xiang-hui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Rui-xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Li Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Xian-yan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Ya Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Ren-hai Peng
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Yu-zhen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - You-lu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
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30
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Li PT, Rashid MHO, Chen TT, Lu QW, Ge Q, Gong WK, Liu AY, Gong JW, Shang HH, Deng XY, Li JW, Li SQ, Xiao XH, Liu RX, Zhang Q, Duan L, Zou XY, Zhang Z, Jiang X, Zhang Y, Peng RH, Shi YZ, Yuan YL. Transcriptomic and biochemical analysis of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and a chromosome segment substitution line from G. hirsutum × G. barbadense in response to Verticillium dahliae infection. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:19. [PMID: 30634907 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1619-1614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Verticillium wilt (VW), also known as "cotton cancer," is one of the most destructive diseases in global cotton production that seriously impacts fiber yield and quality. Despite numerous attempts, little significant progress has been made in improving the VW resistance of upland cotton. The development of chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) from Gossypium hirsutum × G. barbadense has emerged as a means of simultaneously developing new cotton varieties with high-yield, superior fiber, and resistance to VW. RESULTS In this study, VW-resistant investigations were first conducted in an artificial greenhouse, a natural field, and diseased nursery conditions, resulting in the identification of one stably VW-resistant CSSL, MBI8255, and one VW-susceptible G. hirsutum, CCRI36, which were subsequently subjected to biochemical tests and transcriptome sequencing during V991 infection (0, 1, and 2 days after inoculation). Eighteen root samples with three replications were collected to perform multiple comparisons of enzyme activity and biochemical substance contents. The findings indicated that VW resistance was positively correlated with peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity, but negatively correlated with malondialdehyde content. Additionally, RNA sequencing was used for the same root samples, resulting in a total of 77,412 genes, of which 23,180 differentially expressed genes were identified from multiple comparisons between samples. After Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis on the expression profiles identified using Short Time-series Expression Miner, we found that the metabolic process in the biological process, as well as the pathways of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and plant hormone signal transduction, participated significantly in the response to VW. Gene functional annotation and expression quantity analysis indicated the important roles of the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway and oxidation-reduction process in response to VW, which also provided plenty of candidate genes related to plant resistance. CONCLUSIONS This study concentrates on the preliminary response to V991 infection by comparing the VW-resistant CSSL and its VW-susceptible recurrent parent. Not only do our findings facilitate the culturing of new resistant varieties with high yield and superior performance, but they also broaden our understanding of the mechanisms of cotton resistance to VW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Md Harun Or Rashid
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Ting-Ting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Quan-Wei Lu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Qun Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Wan-Kui Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Ai-Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Ju-Wu Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Hai-Hong Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Jun-Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Shao-Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xiang-Hui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Rui-Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Li Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xian-Yan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Ren-Hai Peng
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Yu-Zhen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.
| | - You-Lu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.
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Zhou H, Liu X, Chen X, Ying T, Ying Z. Characteristics of removal of waste-water marking pharmaceuticals with typical hydrophytes in the urban rivers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 636:1291-1302. [PMID: 29913591 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The investigations on their variation and distribution of 13 called waste-water marking pharmaceuticals (WWMPs) were conducted under 4 hydrophyte conditions (without plants, with submerged aquatic plant (Myriophyllum verticillatum L.), emergent aquatic plant cattail (Typha orientalis Presl) and floating aquatic plant (Lemna minor L.)) in a simulated urban river system. By the calculation of mass balance, the quantitative distribution of WWMPs in water phase, sediment and plant tissues was identified, and the overall removal efficiencies of target pharmaceuticals in the whole system could be determined. Without plants, high persistence of atenolol (ATL) (97.7%), carbamazepine (CBM) (102.8%), clofibric acid (CLF) (101.8%) and ibuprofen (IBU) (80.9%) was detected in water phase, while triclosan (TCS) (53.5%) displayed strong adsorption affinity in sediment. The removal under the planted conditions was considerably raised, compared with no plant condition for most WWMPs. However, TCS did not show obvious differences among the hydrophyte conditions due to its strong adsorption affinity and high hydrophobicity. The relatively higher removal was found for the hydrophilic (logKow<1) or moderately hydrophobic (1<logKow<3) pharmaceuticals with submerged and emergent aquatic plants. The highly hydrophobic pharmaceuticals (logKow>4.0) did not show significant differences among the whole tests in sediment. Mass balance calculation displayed the removal of CBM (5.6%-13.6%), CLF (4.0%-17.8%) and caffeine (8.4%-17.2%) through the plant uptake was relatively higher. For the rest WWMPs, only small parts (<6.0%) of the initial concentrations were found in plant tissues. The higher removal efficiencies of most WWMPs under the planted conditions indicated that aquatic plants indeed played an important role in the removal of WWMPs although the direct uptakes might not be a dominant pathway to the overall removal of WWMPs. Besides, the floating aquatic plant removed most WWMPs from the water phase efficiently. In contrast, submerged and emergent aquatic plants could effectively remove them in sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Zhou
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xiaomeng Chen
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Tianqi Ying
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zhenxi Ying
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
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An D, Li C, Zhou Y, Wu Y, Wang W. Genomes and Transcriptomes of Duckweeds. Front Chem 2018; 6:230. [PMID: 29974050 PMCID: PMC6019479 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Duckweeds (Lemnaceae family) are the smallest flowering plants that adapt to the aquatic environment. They are regarded as the promising sustainable feedstock with the characteristics of high starch storage, fast propagation, and global distribution. The duckweed genome size varies 13-fold ranging from 150 Mb in Spirodela polyrhiza to 1,881 Mb in Wolffia arrhiza. With the development of sequencing technology and bioinformatics, five duckweed genomes from Spirodela and Lemna genera are sequenced and assembled. The genome annotations discover that they share similar protein orthologs, whereas the repeat contents could mainly explain the genome size difference. The gene families responsible for cell growth and expansion, lignin biosynthesis, and flowering are greatly contracted. However, the gene family of glutamate synthase has experienced expansion, indicating their significance in ammonia assimilation and nitrogen transport. The transcriptome is comprehensively sequenced for the genera of Spirodela, Landoltia, and Lemna, including various treatments such as abscisic acid, radiation, heavy metal, and starvation. The analysis of the underlying molecular mechanism and the regulatory network would accelerate their applications in the fields of bioenergy and phytoremediation. The comparative genomics has shown that duckweed genomes contain relatively low gene numbers and more contracted gene families, which may be in parallel with their highly reduced morphology with a simple leaf and primary roots. Still, we are waiting for the advancement of the long read sequencing technology to resolve the complex genomes and transcriptomes for unsequenced Wolffiella and Wolffia due to the large genome sizes and the similarity in their polyploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong An
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changsheng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongrui Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqin Wang
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Vega-Mas I, Pérez-Delgado CM, Marino D, Fuertes-Mendizábal T, González-Murua C, Márquez AJ, Betti M, Estavillo JM, González-Moro MB. Elevated CO2 Induces Root Defensive Mechanisms in Tomato Plants When Dealing with Ammonium Toxicity. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:2112-2125. [PMID: 29059445 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An adequate carbon supply is fundamental for plants to thrive under ammonium stress. In this work, we studied the mechanisms involved in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) response to ammonium toxicity when grown under ambient or elevated CO2 conditions (400 or 800 p.p.m. CO2). Tomato roots were observed to be the primary organ dealing with ammonium nutrition. We therefore analyzed nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) metabolism in the roots, integrating the physiological response with transcriptomic regulation. Elevated levels of CO2 preferentially stimulated root growth despite the high ammonium content. The induction of anaplerotic enzymes from the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle led to enhanced amino acid synthesis under ammonium nutrition. Furthermore, the root transcriptional response to ammonium toxicity was improved by CO2-enriched conditions, leading to higher expression of stress-related genes, as well as enhanced modulation of genes related to signaling, transcription, transport and hormone metabolism. Tomato roots exposed to ammonium stress also showed a defense-like transcriptional response according to the modulation of genes related to detoxification and secondary metabolism, involving principally terpenoid and phenolic compounds. These results indicate that increasing C supply allowed the co-ordinated regulation of root defense mechanisms when dealing with ammonium toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izargi Vega-Mas
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Carmen M Pérez-Delgado
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Profesor García González, 1, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Daniel Marino
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Teresa Fuertes-Mendizábal
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Carmen González-Murua
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Antonio J Márquez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Profesor García González, 1, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marco Betti
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Calle Profesor García González, 1, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José María Estavillo
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - María Begoña González-Moro
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Apdo. 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
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Zhang X, Dai P, Gao Y, Gong X, Cui H, Jin Y, Zhang Y. Transcriptome sequencing and analysis of zinc-uptake-related genes in Trichophyton mentagrophytes. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:888. [PMID: 29157209 PMCID: PMC5697147 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4284-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trichophyton mentagrophytes is an important zoonotic dermatophytic (ringworm) pathogen; causing severe skin infection in humans and other animals worldwide. Fortunately, commonly used fungal skin disease prevention and treatment measures are relatively simple. However, T. mentagrophytes is primarily studied at the epidemiology and drug efficacy research levels, yet current study has been unable to meet the needs of clinical medicine. Zinc is a crucial trace element for the growth and reproduction of fungi and other microorganisms. The metal ions coordinate within a variety of proteins to form zinc finger proteins, which perform many vital biological functions. Zinc transport regulatory networks have not been resolved in T. mentagrophytes. The T. mentagrophytes transcriptome will allow us to discover new genes, particularly those genes involved in zinc uptake. Result We found T. mentagrophytes growth to be restricted by zinc deficiency; natural T. mentagrophytes growth requires zinc ions. T. Mentagrophytes must acquire zinc ions for growth and development. The transcriptome of T. mentagrophytes was sequenced by using Illumina HiSeq™ 2000 technology and the de novo assembly of the transcriptome was performed by using the Trinity method, and functional annotation was analyzed. We got 10,751 unigenes. The growth of T. mentagrophytes is severely inhibited and there were many genes showing significant up regulation and down regulation respectively in T. mentagrophytes when zinc deficiency. Zinc deficiency can affect the expression of multiple genes of T. mentagrophytes. The effect of the zinc deficiency could be recovered in the normal medium. And we finally found the zinc-responsive activating factor (ZafA) and speculated that 4 unigenes are zinc transporters. We knocked ZafA gene by ATMT transformation in T. mentagrophytes, the result showed that ZafA gene is very important for the growth and the generation of conidia in T. mentagrophytes. The expression of 4 zinc transporter genes is potentially regulated by the zinc-responsive activating factor. The data of this study is also sufficient to be used as a support to study T. mentagrophytes. Conclusion We reported the first large transcriptome study carried out in T. mentagrophytes where we have compared physiological and transcriptional responses to zinc deficiency, and analyzed the expression of genes involved in zinc uptake. The study also produced high-resolution digital profiles of global genes expression relating to T. mentagrophytes growth. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4284-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinke Zhang
- The College of Veterinary Medicine of the Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengxiu Dai
- The College of Veterinary Medicine of the Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongping Gao
- The College of Veterinary Medicine of the Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Gong
- The College of Veterinary Medicine of the Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Cui
- The College of Veterinary Medicine of the Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yipeng Jin
- Clinical Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- The College of Veterinary Medicine of the Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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Huang X, Lei Y, Guan H, Hao Y, Liu H, Sun G, Chen R, Song S. Transcriptomic analysis of the regulation of stalk development in flowering Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris) by RNA sequencing. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15517. [PMID: 29138433 PMCID: PMC5686075 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15699-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Flowering Chinese cabbage is a stalk vegetable whose quality and yield are directly related to stalk development. However, no comprehensive investigations on stalk development have been performed. To address this issue, the present study used RNA sequencing to investigate transcriptional regulation at three key stages (seedling, bolting, and flowering) of stalk development in flowering Chinese cabbage. Anatomical analysis revealed that cell division was the main mode of stalk thickening and elongation at all key stages. Among the 35,327 genes expressed in shoot apices, 34,448 were annotated and 879 were identified as novel transcripts. We identified 11,514 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among the three stages of stalk development. Functional analysis revealed that these DEGs were significantly enriched in ‘ribosome’ and ‘plant hormone signal transduction’ pathways and were involved in hormone signal transduction, cell cycle progression, and the regulation of flowering time. The roles of these genes in stalk development were explored, and a putative gene-regulation network for the stalk flowering time was established. These findings provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of stalk development in flowering Chinese cabbage that provides a new theoretical basis for stalk vegetable breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmin Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Protected Horticulture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuling Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Protected Horticulture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongling Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Protected Horticulture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanwei Hao
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Protected Horticulture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Houcheng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Protected Horticulture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangwen Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Protected Horticulture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Riyuan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Protected Horticulture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shiwei Song
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Protected Horticulture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China.
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Ishizawa H, Kuroda M, Morikawa M, Ike M. Differential oxidative and antioxidative response of duckweed Lemna minor toward plant growth promoting/inhibiting bacteria. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 118:667-673. [PMID: 28818809 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria colonizing the plant rhizosphere are believed to positively or negatively affect the host plant productivity. This feature has inspired researchers to engineer such interactions to enhance crop production. However, it remains to be elucidated whether rhizobacteria influences plant oxidative stress vis-a-vis other environmental stressors, and whether such influence is associated with their growth promoting/inhibiting ability. In this study, two plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and two plant growth-inhibiting bacteria (PGIB) were separately inoculated into axenic duckweed (Lemna minor) culture under laboratory conditions for 4 and 8 days in order to investigate their effects on plant oxidative stress and antioxidant activities. As previously characterized, the inoculation of PGPB and PGIB strains accelerated and reduced the growth of L. minor, respectively. After 4 and 8 days of cultivation, compared to the PGPB strains, the PGIB strains induced larger amounts of O2•-, H2O2, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in duckweed, although all bacterial strains consistently increased O2•- content by two times more than that in the aseptic control plants. Activities of five antioxidant enzymes were also elevated by the inoculation of PGIB, confirming the severe oxidative stress condition in plants. These results suggest that the surface attached bacteria affect differently on host oxidative stress and its response, which degree correlates negatively to their effects on plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiro Ishizawa
- Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Masashi Kuroda
- Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Masaaki Morikawa
- Division of Biosphere Science, Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, N10-W5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
| | - Michihiko Ike
- Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Sun L, Di D, Li G, Kronzucker HJ, Shi W. Spatio-temporal dynamics in global rice gene expression (Oryza sativa L.) in response to high ammonium stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 212:94-104. [PMID: 28282528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium (NH4+) is the predominant nitrogen (N) source in many natural and agricultural ecosystems, including flooded rice fields. While rice is known as an NH4+-tolerant species, it nevertheless suffers NH4+ toxicity at elevated soil concentrations. NH4+ excess rapidly leads to the disturbance of various physiological processes that ultimately inhibit shoot and root growth. However, the global transcriptomic response to NH4+ stress in rice has not been examined. In this study, we mapped the spatio-temporal specificity of gene expression profiles in rice under excess NH4+ and the changes in gene expression in root and shoot at various time points by RNA-Seq (Quantification) using Illumina HiSeqTM 2000. By comparative analysis, 307 and 675 genes were found to be up-regulated after 4h and 12h of NH4+ exposure in the root, respectively. In the shoot, 167 genes were up-regulated at 4h, compared with 320 at 12h. According to KEGG analysis, up-regulated DEGs mainly participate in phenylpropanoid (such as flavonoid) and amino acid (such as proline, cysteine, and methionine) metabolism, which is believed to improve NH4+ stress tolerance through adjustment of energy metabolism in the shoot, while defense and signaling pathways, guiding whole-plant acclimation, play the leading role in the root. We furthermore critically assessed the roles of key phytohormones, and found abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene (ET) to be the major regulatory molecules responding to excess NH4+ and activating the MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signal-transduction pathway. Moreover, we found up-regulated hormone-associated genes are involved in regulating flavonoid biosynthesis and are regulated by tissue flavonoid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Dongwei Di
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Guangjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Herbert J Kronzucker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada; School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Weiming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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