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Neuhouser ML, Butt HI, Hu C, Shadyab AH, Garcia L, Follis S, Mouton C, Harris HR, Wactawski-Wende J, Gower EW, Vitolins M, Von Ah D, Nassir R, Karanth S, Ng T, Paskett E, Manson JE, Chen Z. Risk factors for long COVID syndrome in postmenopausal women with previously reported diagnosis of COVID-19. Ann Epidemiol 2024; 98:36-43. [PMID: 39142425 PMCID: PMC11405002 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Long COVID-19 syndrome occurs in 10-20 % of people after a confirmed/probable SARS-COV-2 infection; new symptoms begin within three months of COVID-19 diagnosis and last > 8 weeks. Little is known about risk factors for long COVID, particularly in older people who are at greater risk of COVID complications. METHODS Data are from Women's Health Initiative (WHI) postmenopausal women who completed COVID surveys that included questions on whether they had ever been diagnosed with COVID and length and nature of symptoms. Long COVID was classified using standard consensus criteria. Using WHI demographic and health data collected at study enrollment (1993-98) through the present day, machine learning identified the top 20 risk factors for long COVID. These variables were tested in logistic regression models. RESULTS Of n = 37,280 survey respondents, 1237 (mean age = 83 years) reported a positive COVID-19 test and 425 (30 %) reported long COVID. Symptoms included an array of neurological, cardio-pulmonary, musculoskeletal, and general fatigue, and malaise symptoms. Long COVID risk factors included weight loss, physical and mobility limitations, and specific heath conditions (e.g., history of heart valve procedure, rheumatoid arthritis). CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of risk factors for long COVID may be the first step in understanding the etiology of this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian L Neuhouser
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States.
| | - Hamza Islam Butt
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of AZ, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Chengcheng Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of AZ, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Aladdin H Shadyab
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science and Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Lorena Garcia
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Epidemiology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Shawna Follis
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Charles Mouton
- John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Holly R Harris
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo NY, United States
| | - Emily W Gower
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Mara Vitolins
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Winston-Salem NC, United States
| | - Diane Von Ah
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University (OSU) & Cancer Control Program, OSU Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Rami Nassir
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Umm Al-Quraa University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shama Karanth
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Ted Ng
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Electra Paskett
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of AZ, Tucson, AZ, United States
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Mccarthy A, Robinson K, Dockery F, McLoughlin K, O'Connor M, Milos A, Corey G, Carey L, Steed F, Haaksma M, Whiston A, Tierney A, Galvin R. Long-term outcomes of older adults with acute COVID-19 following inpatient geriatric rehabilitation: a prospective cohort study from the Republic of Ireland. Ir J Med Sci 2024; 193:2567-2575. [PMID: 38856964 PMCID: PMC11450069 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-024-03723-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a paucity of research reporting the long-term outcomes of older adults who have completed geriatric rehabilitation following COVID-19. AIM The primary aim of this study is to describe the long-term functional outcomes of a cohort of older adults with acute COVID-19 who have completed inpatient geriatric rehabilitation. METHODS This is a subgroup analysis of Irish data from a pan-European prospective cohort study. Functional ability, patient reported symptoms, and quality of life were measured using the Barthel index, the COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Screen, and the EQ-5D-5L, respectively. RESULTS Thirty patients enrolled in the study. The rate of mortality was 23.3% at 6 months after discharge from rehabilitation. Patients achieved a return to pre-admission functional ability but reported a significant increase in patient reported symptoms and their quality of life did not return to pre-admission levels when assessed at 6 months after discharge from rehabilitation. CONCLUSIONS Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for older adults with acute COVID-19 infection can assist patients to return to their premorbid functional ability. On discharge from rehabilitation, ongoing follow-up of older adults is recommended to assist them to negotiate and manage ongoing symptomatology such as breathlessness or fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife Mccarthy
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, Health Research Institute and Ageing Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
- UL Hospitals Group, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Katie Robinson
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, Health Research Institute and Ageing Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Frances Dockery
- Department of Geriatric and Stroke Medicine, and Integrated Care Team for Older People North Dublin, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kara McLoughlin
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, Health Research Institute and Ageing Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Margaret O'Connor
- Department of Ageing and Therapeutics, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Antonella Milos
- UL Hospitals Group, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Gillian Corey
- UL Hospitals Group, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Leonora Carey
- UL Hospitals Group, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Fiona Steed
- Department of Health, Baggot Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Miriam Haaksma
- Coordinator EU-COGER Study, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- University Network for the Care Sector South-Holland, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Aoife Whiston
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, Health Research Institute and Ageing Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Audrey Tierney
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, Health Research Institute and Ageing Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Rose Galvin
- School of Allied Health, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, Health Research Institute and Ageing Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Gáspár Z, Szabó BG, Ceglédi A, Lakatos B. Human herpesvirus reactivation and its potential role in the pathogenesis of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01323-9. [PMID: 39207648 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01323-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has precipitated a global pandemic with substantial long-term health implications, including the condition known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), commonly referred to as Long COVID. PASC is marked by persistent symptoms such as fatigue, neurological issues, and autonomic dysfunction that persist for months beyond the acute phase of COVID-19. This review examines the potential role of herpesvirus reactivation, specifically Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV), in the pathogenesis of PASC. Elevated antibody titers and specific T cell responses suggest recent herpesvirus reactivation in some PASC patients, although viremia is not consistently detected. SARS-CoV-2 exhibits endothelial trophism, directly affecting the vascular endothelium and contributing to microvascular pathologies. These pathologies are significant in PASC, where microvascular dysfunction may underlie various chronic symptoms. Similarly, herpesviruses like CMV also exhibit endothelial trophism, which may exacerbate endothelial damage when reactivated. Evidence suggests that EBV and CMV reactivation could indirectly contribute to the immune dysregulation, immunosenescence, and autoimmune responses observed in PASC. Additionally, EBV may play a role in the genesis of neurological symptoms through creating mitochondrial dysfunction, though direct confirmation remains elusive. The reviewed evidence suggests that while herpesviruses may not play a direct role in the pathogenesis of PASC, their potential indirect effects, especially in the context of endothelial involvement, warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Gáspár
- School of PhD Studies, Semmelweis University, Üllői Street 26, 1085, Budapest, Hungary
- South Pest Central Hospital, National Institute of Haematology and Infectious Diseases, Albert Flórián Street 5-7, 1097, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Gergely Szabó
- School of PhD Studies, Semmelweis University, Üllői Street 26, 1085, Budapest, Hungary.
- South Pest Central Hospital, National Institute of Haematology and Infectious Diseases, Albert Flórián Street 5-7, 1097, Budapest, Hungary.
- Departmental Group of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Albert Flórián Street 5-7, 1097, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Andrea Ceglédi
- South Pest Central Hospital, National Institute of Haematology and Infectious Diseases, Albert Flórián Street 5-7, 1097, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Botond Lakatos
- School of PhD Studies, Semmelweis University, Üllői Street 26, 1085, Budapest, Hungary
- South Pest Central Hospital, National Institute of Haematology and Infectious Diseases, Albert Flórián Street 5-7, 1097, Budapest, Hungary
- Departmental Group of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Albert Flórián Street 5-7, 1097, Budapest, Hungary
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Lee J, Kim ES, Lee H, Huh JH. Decadal Trends in Physical Activity Adherence Among Korean Older Adults: An Analysis of National Survey of Older Korean Data, 2011-2020. J Aging Phys Act 2024; 32:461-471. [PMID: 38350438 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2023-0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES This study investigated adherence to physical activity (PA) guidelines and associated sociodemographic factors among older Koreans from 2011 to 2020. METHODS Utilizing four public data sets from the National Survey of Older Koreans, the study included the data on 40,993 older adults 65 years and older in South Korea, collected between 2011 and 2020. Adherence to PA guidelines and sociodemographic factors were assessed through self-reported questionnaires. The data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance and post hoc tests. RESULTS Overall adherence increased from 39.1% in 2011 to 48.2% in 2017, then decreased to 37.6% in 2020 (p < .001). Men had higher adherence than women (p < .001). Age-related adherence peaked in the young-older group (65-74 years old) and was lowest in the oldest-old group (85+ years old) (p < .001). Marital status, education, and income were also significantly related to PA adherence (p < .001) across the years. CONCLUSION Although continuous increase in adherence to PA among Koreans 65 years and older was observed, the decline in PA levels during the COVID era underscored the need for targeted interventions and well-informed health care policies to address demographic challenges. Still, considering that data were collected during the recommended social distancing period, a cautions interpretation of these findings is warranted. Significance/Implications: Health policies aiming to improve adherence to PA guidelines should prioritize Korean older adults who are female, belong to the oldest-old group, are single, and have low education and income levels, with the goal of enhancing health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonyoung Lee
- Department of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Eun Seong Kim
- Department of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Hyunyoung Lee
- Department of Physical Education and Health, Jeollanam-do Office of Education, Muan-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Huh
- Department of Sports Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Salci MA, Carreira L, Oliveira NN, Pereira ND, Covre ER, Pesce GB, Oliveira RR, Höring CF, Baccon WC, Puente Alcaraz J, Santos GA, Bolsoni LLM, Gutiérrez Carmona A, Vissoci JRN, Facchini LA, Laranjeira C. Long COVID among Brazilian Adults and Elders 12 Months after Hospital Discharge: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1443. [PMID: 39057586 PMCID: PMC11276565 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12141443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The persistence of symptoms for more than three months following infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is referred to as "Long COVID". To gain a deeper understanding of the etiology and long-term progression of symptoms, this study aims to analyze the prevalence of Long COVID and its associated factors in a cohort of Brazilian adults and elders, twelve months after hospital discharge. An observational, prospective, and follow-up study was performed with a cohort of adults and older adults diagnosed with COVID-19 in 2020 in the State of Paraná, Brazil. Twelve months after hospital discharge, patients answered a phone questionnaire about the persistence of symptoms after three levels of exposure to COVID-19's acute phase (ambulatory, medical ward, and intensive care unit). According to the characteristics of participants, the prevalence of Long COVID-19 was calculated, and logistic regression analyses were conducted. We analyzed data from 1822 participants (980 adults [≥18-<60 years] and 842 older people [≥60 years]) across three exposure levels. The overall Long COVID prevalence was 64.2%. Long COVID was observed in 646 adults (55%; of which 326 were women) and 523 older people (45%; of which 284 were women). Females had a higher prevalence of long-term symptoms (52%) compared with men. The most common post-COVID-19 conditions in the 12-month follow-up were neurological (49.8%), followed by musculoskeletal (35.1%) and persistent respiratory symptoms (26.5%). Male individuals were less likely to develop Long COVID (aOR = 0.50). Other determinants were also considered risky, such as the presence of comorbidities (aOR = 1.41). Being an adult and having been hospitalized was associated with the development of Long COVID. The risk of developing Long COVID was twice as high for ward patients (aOR = 2.53) and three times as high for ICU patients (aOR = 3.56) when compared to non-hospitalized patients. Presenting clinical manifestations of digestive (aOR = 1.56), endocrine (aOR = 2.14), cutaneous (aOR = 2.51), musculoskeletal (aOR = 2.76) and psychological systems (aOR = 1.66) made adults more likely to develop Long COVID. Long COVID was present in a large proportion of people affected by the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Presence of Long COVID symptoms displayed a dose-response relationship with the level of disease exposure, with a greater prevalence of symptoms associated with the severe form in the acute period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Aparecida Salci
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (M.A.S.); (L.C.); (N.N.O.); (N.D.P.); (E.R.C.); (G.B.P.); (R.R.O.); (W.C.B.); (G.A.S.); (L.L.M.B.)
| | - Lígia Carreira
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (M.A.S.); (L.C.); (N.N.O.); (N.D.P.); (E.R.C.); (G.B.P.); (R.R.O.); (W.C.B.); (G.A.S.); (L.L.M.B.)
| | - Natan Nascimento Oliveira
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (M.A.S.); (L.C.); (N.N.O.); (N.D.P.); (E.R.C.); (G.B.P.); (R.R.O.); (W.C.B.); (G.A.S.); (L.L.M.B.)
| | - Natan David Pereira
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (M.A.S.); (L.C.); (N.N.O.); (N.D.P.); (E.R.C.); (G.B.P.); (R.R.O.); (W.C.B.); (G.A.S.); (L.L.M.B.)
| | - Eduardo Rocha Covre
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (M.A.S.); (L.C.); (N.N.O.); (N.D.P.); (E.R.C.); (G.B.P.); (R.R.O.); (W.C.B.); (G.A.S.); (L.L.M.B.)
| | - Giovanna Brichi Pesce
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (M.A.S.); (L.C.); (N.N.O.); (N.D.P.); (E.R.C.); (G.B.P.); (R.R.O.); (W.C.B.); (G.A.S.); (L.L.M.B.)
| | - Rosana Rosseto Oliveira
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (M.A.S.); (L.C.); (N.N.O.); (N.D.P.); (E.R.C.); (G.B.P.); (R.R.O.); (W.C.B.); (G.A.S.); (L.L.M.B.)
| | - Carla Franciele Höring
- Departamento de Estatística, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil;
| | - Wanessa Cristina Baccon
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (M.A.S.); (L.C.); (N.N.O.); (N.D.P.); (E.R.C.); (G.B.P.); (R.R.O.); (W.C.B.); (G.A.S.); (L.L.M.B.)
| | - Jesús Puente Alcaraz
- Department of Health Science, University of Burgos, Paseo de los Comendadores, s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain;
| | - Giovana Alves Santos
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (M.A.S.); (L.C.); (N.N.O.); (N.D.P.); (E.R.C.); (G.B.P.); (R.R.O.); (W.C.B.); (G.A.S.); (L.L.M.B.)
| | - Ludmila Lopes Maciel Bolsoni
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (M.A.S.); (L.C.); (N.N.O.); (N.D.P.); (E.R.C.); (G.B.P.); (R.R.O.); (W.C.B.); (G.A.S.); (L.L.M.B.)
| | | | - João Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci
- Emergency Medicine Division, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA;
- Division of Global Neurosurgery and Neurology, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Luiz Augusto Facchini
- Departamento de Medicina Social, Faculdade de Medicina e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia e Saúde da Família e Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil;
| | - Carlos Laranjeira
- School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic University of Leiria, Campus 2, Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro, Apartado 4137, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Centre for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Polytechnic University of Leiria, Campus 5, Rua das Olhalvas, 2414-016 Leiria, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), University of Évora, 7000-801 Évora, Portugal
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Russell SJ, Parker K, Lehoczki A, Lieberman D, Partha IS, Scott SJ, Phillips LR, Fain MJ, Nikolich JŽ. Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (Long COVID) in older adults. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01227-8. [PMID: 38874693 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01227-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Long COVID, also known as PASC (post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2), is a complex infection-associated chronic condition affecting tens of millions of people worldwide. Many aspects of this condition are incompletely understood. Among them is how this condition may manifest itself in older adults and how it might impact the older population. Here, we briefly review the current understanding of PASC in the adult population and examine what is known on its features with aging. Finally, we outline the major gaps and areas for research most germane to older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Russell
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Arizona Center of Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Banner University Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Karen Parker
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Arizona Center of Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Banner University Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Andrea Lehoczki
- Doctoral College, Health Sciences Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, National Institute for Haematology and Infectious Diseases, South Pest Central Hospital, 1097, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - David Lieberman
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Arizona Center of Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Banner University Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Indu S Partha
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Banner University Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Serena J Scott
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Arizona Center of Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Banner University Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Linda R Phillips
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Arizona Center of Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
- College of Nursing, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Mindy J Fain
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- Arizona Center of Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- Banner University Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- College of Nursing, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Janko Ž Nikolich
- Arizona Center of Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- The Aegis Consortium for Pandemic-Free Future, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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7
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Feldman DE, Guillemette A, Sanzari J, Youkheang S, Mazer B. Decline in Mobility and Balance in Persons With Post-COVID-19 Condition. Phys Ther 2024; 104:pzae042. [PMID: 38501884 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzae042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) may impact mobility and balance and affect physical function. The objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of decline in balance and mobility in individuals with PCC; explore the association between comorbidities and sociodemographic characteristics with decline in balance and mobility; and evaluate correlations between decline in mobility and balance with change in performance of usual activities, personal care, and global health perception. METHODS The design was a cross-sectional study of persons with a COVID-19 diagnosis that was confirmed at least 3 months before the study. Those with PCC, defined as those still troubled by symptoms, were evaluated for decline in mobility and balance and with associated clinical and demographic factors using bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression. Correlations between decline in mobility and balance were also examined with change in ability to perform usual activities, personal care, and global health perception. RESULTS In 1031 persons with PCC, mobility deteriorated in 44.9%, and balance deteriorated in 37.1%. Older age, hospitalization, comorbidities, and obesity were associated with decline in mobility, while decline in balance was associated with older age and comorbidities. Reduced mobility was associated with changes in ability to carry out usual activities (rp = 0.6), conduct personal care (rp = 0.6), and global health status (rp = 0.5). Correlations between decline in balance and these same outcomes were 0.5, 0.5, and 0.45, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Almost half the participants with PCC had reduced mobility, and over a third reported deterioration in balance, with associated difficulties with daily functioning. Factors associated with greater decline help identify those most at risk. IMPACT Many people with PCC experience changes in mobility and balance, which can affect functional capacities and lead to physical therapist consultations. Further study should assess specific needs of these patients and determine effective physical therapist interventions to meet these needs. LAY SUMMARY Many persons with post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) experience symptoms resulting in functional problems, such as difficulties with personal care and performing usual activities. This study focused on difficulty in mobility and problems with balance. Almost half of persons with PCC in the study had declines in getting around and over a third had declines in balance. These problems were associated with older age and having other comorbid health conditions and were linked with decline in ability to perform personal care, carry out usual activities, and perceived global health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie Ehrmann Feldman
- École de Réadaptation and École de Santé Publique, Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Réadaptation (CRIR) and Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique (CReSP), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Albert Guillemette
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Juliana Sanzari
- École de Réadaptation Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Barbara Mazer
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, and Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation (CRIR), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Sun D, Zhu X, Bao Z, Lin X. Association between healthy lifestyles and post-COVID-19 syndrome among college students. Ann Thorac Med 2024; 19:139-146. [PMID: 38766372 PMCID: PMC11100468 DOI: 10.4103/atm.atm_219_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-COVID-19 syndrome still occurs in some populations. A healthy lifestyle is widely recognized as a first-line treatment to increase the body's antiviral resistance and tissue repair, but it is unclear whether a healthy lifestyle can promote or alleviate the symptoms of post-COVID-19 syndrome. METHODS A stratified random sampling method was used to select 498 participants from three universities in Fujian as the target of the questionnaire survey. The survey focused on students' healthy lifestyles and the symptoms of fatigue, anxiety, dyspnea, and depression that are common in post-COVID-19 syndrome. RESULTS Two months after developing COVID-19, some students continued to experience fatigue, anxiety, dyspnea, and depression, with fatigue being the most prominent symptom. The results of the study showed that there was a significant negative correlation (P < 0.01) between a healthy lifestyle and fatigue, anxiety, dyspnea, and depression among university students. Furthermore, when analyzing the different subdimensions of healthy lifestyles among university students, it was found that all dimensions showed varying degrees of negative correlation with fatigue, anxiety, dyspnea, and depression, except for health-related behaviors and interpersonal behaviors, which showed no relationship with fatigue (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS By improving healthy lifestyles, long-term COVID-19 symptoms can be reduced and improved and contribute positively to patient recovery, providing a viable rehabilitation option for long-term COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhuo Sun
- Department of Recreation Tourism and Sports Management, Faculty of Education, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Xiangfei Zhu
- Department of Recreation Tourism and Sports Management, Faculty of Education, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Zhonghan Bao
- Department of Recreation Tourism and Sports Management, Faculty of Education, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Xiaoping Lin
- Department of Recreation Tourism and Sports Management, Faculty of Education, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Koonce RM, Martin BC. The association between suspected long-COVID and stimulant prescribing in the United States. Psychiatry Res 2024; 331:115686. [PMID: 38142603 PMCID: PMC10797645 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to determine the association between suspected long-COVID and receipt of a stimulant prescription among persons diagnosed with COVID-19 and to describe clinical and demographic factors associated with receiving a stimulant prescription. METHODS US patients 18 and older who had a COVID-19 diagnosis or a positive COVID-19 PCR test from April 1st, 2020 through December 21st, 2022 recorded in a national electronic health record data set obtained from TriNetX were assessed. Comparison subjects were propensity score matched on baseline covariates to those with a symptom of or diagnosis of long-COVID. A Cox Proportional Hazards models was used to estimate the influence of long-COVID on stimulant prescription receipt. RESULTS Those with long-COVID (n = 65,329) were twice as likely to be prescribed a stimulant as persons with only acute COVID-19 (n = 189,438, HR=2.162; 1.929-2.423). Among persons with long-COVID, persons with new onset ADHD (HR=7.196; 5.749- 9.007), opioid-related disorders (HR=2.140; 1.264-3.621) and mood disorders (HR=1.649; 1.336-2.035) were more likely to be prescribed a stimulant. CONCLUSION Further research describing the risks associated with increased stimulant use among persons with long-COVID is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruston M Koonce
- Division of Pharmaceutical Evaluation and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, United States of America
| | - Bradley C Martin
- Division of Pharmaceutical Evaluation and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, United States of America.
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10
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Sun C, Liu Z, Li S, Wang Y, Liu G. Impact of Long COVID on Health-Related Quality of Life Among Patients After Acute COVID-19 Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study. INQUIRY : A JOURNAL OF MEDICAL CARE ORGANIZATION, PROVISION AND FINANCING 2024; 61:469580241246461. [PMID: 38646896 PMCID: PMC11036910 DOI: 10.1177/00469580241246461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Concerns have been raised globally regarding the long-term effects of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to investigate the impact of long COVID on the health of patients recovering from acute COVID-19 in China. We conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey from 1 February to 9 March 2023. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to understand the differences in health utility values between individuals with and without long COVID. Factors associated with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were determined using a multiple linear regression model. A chi-square test was used to compare differences between the 2 groups for each dimension of the EuroQoL-5 Dimension-5 Level (EQ-5D-5L) scale. In total, 307 participants were included in the analysis, of which 40.39% exhibited at least 1 persistent symptom. The common symptoms of long COVID were fatigue/weakness, coughing, memory decline, poor concentration, and phlegm in the throat. Most patients with long COVID reported mild effects from their symptoms. After propensity score matching, the long-COVID group had lower health utility scores than the non-long-COVID group (0.94 vs 0.97). In the multivariable linear regression analysis, persistent symptoms and low annual household income were associated with lower health utility values (P < .05). Anxiety/depression and pain/discomfort were the major problems experienced by the participants with long COVID. Long-COVID symptoms following acute COVID-19 infection have a serious impact on health-related quality of life. Therefore, it is necessary to implement interventions to improve patient health after the recovery from acute COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyao Sun
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ziwei Liu
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Sixuan Li
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Guoxiang Liu
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Marques FRDM, Laranjeira C, Carreira L, Gallo AM, Baccon WC, Paiano M, Baldissera VDA, Salci MA. Illness Experiences of Brazilian People Who Were Hospitalized Due to COVID-19 and Faced Long COVID Repercussions in Their Daily Life: A Constructivist Grounded Theory Study. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 14:14. [PMID: 38247666 PMCID: PMC10813415 DOI: 10.3390/bs14010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Long COVID is a multisystem condition that has multiple consequences for the physical, mental, and social health of COVID-19 survivors. The impact of the long COVID condition remains unclear, particularly among middle-aged and older adults, who are at greater risk than younger people of persisting symptoms associated with COVID-19. Therefore, we aimed to understand the experiences of middle-aged and older people who had been hospitalized for COVID-19 and the repercussions of long-term COVID symptoms in their daily lives. A qualitative study was carried out, adopting the framework of the constructivist grounded theory (CGT) proposed by Kathy Charmaz. Fifty-six middle-aged and older adult participants from the southern region of Brazil were recruited. Data were gathered from semi-structured telephone interviews. Concomitantly a comparative analysis was performed to identify categories and codes using the MaxQDA® software (version 2022). Three subcategories were identified: (1) experiencing COVID-19 in the acute phase; (2) oscillating between 'good days' and 'bad days' in long COVID; and (3) (re)constructing identity. These concepts interact with each other and converge upon the central category of this study: recasting oneself to the uniqueness of the illness experience of long COVID. Our findings provided insights related to the disruption in the lives of long COVID-19 sufferers who still live with persistent symptoms of the disease, including physical, social, family, emotional and spiritual repercussions. Likewise, this study may aid in developing friendly and welcoming social environments, lowering stigma and prejudice towards patients with long COVID, and fostering prompt and suitable policy support and mental health care for these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francielle Renata Danielli Martins Marques
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790—Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (F.R.D.M.M.); (L.C.); (A.M.G.); (W.C.B.); (M.P.); (V.D.A.B.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Carlos Laranjeira
- School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic University of Leiria, Campus 2, Morro do Lena, Alto do Vieiro, Apartado 4137, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Centre for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), Polytechnic University of Leiria, Rua de Santo André-66-68, Campus 5, 2410-541 Leiria, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), University of Évora, 7000-801 Évora, Portugal
| | - Lígia Carreira
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790—Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (F.R.D.M.M.); (L.C.); (A.M.G.); (W.C.B.); (M.P.); (V.D.A.B.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Adriana Martins Gallo
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790—Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (F.R.D.M.M.); (L.C.); (A.M.G.); (W.C.B.); (M.P.); (V.D.A.B.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Wanessa Cristina Baccon
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790—Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (F.R.D.M.M.); (L.C.); (A.M.G.); (W.C.B.); (M.P.); (V.D.A.B.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Marcelle Paiano
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790—Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (F.R.D.M.M.); (L.C.); (A.M.G.); (W.C.B.); (M.P.); (V.D.A.B.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Vanessa Denardi Antoniassi Baldissera
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790—Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (F.R.D.M.M.); (L.C.); (A.M.G.); (W.C.B.); (M.P.); (V.D.A.B.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Maria Aparecida Salci
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790—Campus Universitário, Maringá 87020-900, PR, Brazil; (F.R.D.M.M.); (L.C.); (A.M.G.); (W.C.B.); (M.P.); (V.D.A.B.); (M.A.S.)
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Vélez-Santamaría R, Fernández-Solana J, Méndez-López F, Domínguez-García M, González-Bernal JJ, Magallón-Botaya R, Oliván-Blázquez B, González-Santos J, Santamaría-Peláez M. Functionality, physical activity, fatigue and quality of life in patients with acute COVID-19 and Long COVID infection. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19907. [PMID: 37963962 PMCID: PMC10645778 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A prominent feature of COVID-19, both in the short and long term, is the reduction in quality of life (QoL) due to low functionality scores and the presence of fatigue, which can hinder daily activities. The main objective of this study is to compare the functional status, level of physical activity, fatigue, and QoL of patients with Long COVID to other COVID-19 patients who did not develop persistent illness, and to determine whether there is a relationship between these variables and QoL. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 170 participants who had been infected with COVID-19 or had developed Long COVID. The main variables studied were functionality, physical activity, QoL and fatigue, measured using the PostCOVID-19 Functional Status Scale (PCFS), International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Short Form 12 (SF-12), and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). The main findings show a significant relationship (p < 0.001) between reduced functionality, lower physical activity levels, increased fatigue severity, and poorer QoL in Long COVID patients. Furthermore, these variables are also related to worse QoL, but only functional status predicts it. In conclusion, our results have shown highly significant correlations between the group with COVID-19 and Long COVID regarding functional status, level of physical activity, QoL, and fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fátima Méndez-López
- Primary Care Research Group, Aragon Health Research Institute (IISA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Domínguez-García
- Primary Care Research Group, Aragon Health Research Institute (IISA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Aragonese Healthcare Service (SALUD), Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Rosa Magallón-Botaya
- Primary Care Research Group, Aragon Health Research Institute (IISA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Bárbara Oliván-Blázquez
- Primary Care Research Group, Aragon Health Research Institute (IISA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Hu Y, Liu Y, Zheng H, Liu L. Risk Factors for Long COVID in Older Adults. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3002. [PMID: 38002002 PMCID: PMC10669899 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
As time has passed following the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 have gradually exhibited a variety of symptoms associated with long COVID in the postacute phase of infection. Simultaneously, in many countries worldwide, the process of population aging has been accelerating. Within this context, the elderly population has not only become susceptible and high-risk during the acute phase of COVID-19 but also has considerable risks when confronting long COVID. Elderly individuals possess specific immunological backgrounds, and during the process of aging, their immune systems can enter a state known as "immunosenescence". This further exacerbates "inflammaging" and the development of various comorbidities in elderly individuals, rendering them more susceptible to long COVID. Additionally, long COVID can inflict both physical and mental harm upon elderly people, thereby reducing their overall quality of life. Consequently, the impact of long COVID on elderly people should not be underestimated. This review seeks to summarize the infection characteristics and intrinsic factors of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a focus on the physical and mental impact of long COVID. Additionally, it aims to explore potential strategies to mitigate the risk of long COVID or other emerging infectious diseases among older adults in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Longding Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systemic Innovative Research on Virus Vaccines, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China; (Y.H.); (Y.L.); (H.Z.)
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Tsekoura M, Fousekis K, Billis E, Dionyssiotis Y, Tsepis E. Cross-cultural adaptation of the Greek version of post-COVID-19 Functional Status Scale: assessment of non-hospitalised post-COVID-19 survivors. Eur J Transl Myol 2023. [PMID: 37345497 PMCID: PMC10388593 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2023.11328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to translate and validate into the Greek language and setting the Post-COVID-19 Functional Status (PCFS) scale. Greeks aged ≥18 years who recovered form COVID-19 (≥ 14 days since diagnosis), were invited to participate. This cross-sectional study followed international guidelines regarding the translation process (forward and backward) and the evaluation of the PCFS. Reliability was assessed by test-retest analyses using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and 95%CI. For the validation, all participants completed the European Quality of Life-5 (EQ-5D-5L), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire. 82 adults (49 females, aged 40.2 ± 6.1) participated in the study. The Greek version of the PCFS demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability, with an ICC of 0.9 (95% CI 0.90- 0.95). The Cronbach's alpha value was 0.9, indicating good internal consistency. The PCFS score was strongly correlated with the EQ-5D-5L (r=0.6, p≤0.001) and weakly correlated with the HADS (r=0.41;p≤0.001). The Greek version of the PCFS was successfully adapted into Greek and is recommended to be used across clinical settings and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tsekoura
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, Rio.
| | - Konstantinos Fousekis
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, Rio.
| | - Evdokia Billis
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, Rio.
| | - Yannis Dionyssiotis
- Medical School, University of Patras, Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Clinic, University General Hospital Patras, Rio Patras.
| | - Elias Tsepis
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, Rio.
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