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Diffendall G, Claes A, Barcons-Simon A, Nyarko P, Dingli F, Santos MM, Loew D, Claessens A, Scherf A. RNA polymerase III is involved in regulating Plasmodium falciparum virulence. eLife 2024; 13:RP95879. [PMID: 38921824 PMCID: PMC11208047 DOI: 10.7554/elife.95879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
While often undetected and untreated, persistent seasonal asymptomatic malaria infections remain a global public health problem. Despite the presence of parasites in the peripheral blood, no symptoms develop. Disease severity is correlated with the levels of infected red blood cells (iRBCs) adhering within blood vessels. Changes in iRBC adhesion capacity have been linked to seasonal asymptomatic malaria infections, however how this is occurring is still unknown. Here, we present evidence that RNA polymerase III (RNA Pol III) transcription in Plasmodium falciparum is downregulated in field isolates obtained from asymptomatic individuals during the dry season. Through experiments with in vitro cultured parasites, we have uncovered an RNA Pol III-dependent mechanism that controls pathogen proliferation and expression of a major virulence factor in response to external stimuli. Our findings establish a connection between P. falciparum cytoadhesion and a non-coding RNA family transcribed by Pol III. Additionally, we have identified P. falciparum Maf1 as a pivotal regulator of Pol III transcription, both for maintaining cellular homeostasis and for responding adaptively to external signals. These results introduce a novel perspective that contributes to our understanding of P. falciparum virulence. Furthermore, they establish a connection between this regulatory process and the occurrence of seasonal asymptomatic malaria infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen Diffendall
- Institut Pasteur, Universite Paris CitéParisFrance
- Institut Pasteur, Sorbonne Université Ecole doctorale Complexité du VivantParisFrance
| | | | - Anna Barcons-Simon
- Institut Pasteur, Universite Paris CitéParisFrance
- Institut Pasteur, Sorbonne Université Ecole doctorale Complexité du VivantParisFrance
- Institut Pasteur, Biomedical Center, Division of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Prince Nyarko
- Institut Pasteur, Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interaction (LPHI), CNRS, University of MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Florent Dingli
- Institut Pasteur, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre de Recherche, CurieCoreTech Mass Spectrometry ProteomicsParisFrance
| | - Miguel M Santos
- Institut Pasteur, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de LisboaLisboaPortugal
| | - Damarys Loew
- Institut Pasteur, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Centre de Recherche, CurieCoreTech Mass Spectrometry ProteomicsParisFrance
| | - Antoine Claessens
- Institut Pasteur, Laboratory of Pathogen-Host Interaction (LPHI), CNRS, University of MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- Institut Pasteur, LPHI, MIVEGEC, CNRS, INSERM, University of MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Artur Scherf
- Institut Pasteur, Universite Paris CitéParisFrance
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O'Malley SF, Ambikapathi R, Ghosh S, Galvin L, Jeong J, Mosha D, PrayGod G, Mapendo F, Shively G, Murray-Kolb LE, Gunaratna NS. Contribution of Food from Market Purchases and Home Production to Child Nutrient Intake: Evidence from the EFFECTS Study Baseline Data. J Nutr 2024; 154:1907-1916. [PMID: 38608871 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Child undernutrition is prevalent in Tanzania, and households rely primarily on local markets and home production as food sources. However, little is known about the contribution of food market purchases to nutrient intakes among children consuming complementary foods. OBJECTIVES To quantify the relationships between diversity of foods purchased and produced by households and adequate child nutrient intake in Mara, Tanzania. METHODS Cross-sectional baseline dietary and household food source data from the Engaging Fathers for Effective Child Nutrition and Development in Tanzania study were collected from mothers of 586 children aged 9-23 mo clustered in 80 villages in Mara, Tanzania. We conducted mixed effects linear regressions to quantify the association between the diversity of foods consumed at home, from market purchases and home production, and nutrient intake adequacy (based on 24-h food recalls). RESULTS Children had inadequate diets, with fewer than half of children consuming adequate amounts of vitamin A, vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B2 (riboflavin), vitamin B9 (folate), calcium, iron, and zinc. Breastfeeding was associated with higher overall mean adequacy (b = 0.15-0.19 across models, P < 0.001). Diversity of foods purchased was positively associated with the intake of vitamin B12 and calcium (both P < 0.001); this effect was attenuated among breastfed children. Among nonbreastfed children, production diversity was positively associated with vitamin A intake (b=0.04; P < .05) but not with intake of other nutrients. CONCLUSIONS Both household food purchase and food production diversities were positively associated with children's nutrient intake in rural Mara, Tanzania. Nutrition programming should consider the role of food markets in addition to home food production to improve child diets. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03759821, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03759821.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah F O'Malley
- Department of Public Health, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.
| | - Ramya Ambikapathi
- Department of Public Health, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Department of Global Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Susmita Ghosh
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Lauren Galvin
- Global Communities, Program Quality and Accountability Department, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Joshua Jeong
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Dominic Mosha
- Department of Global Health, BeVera Solutions LLC, Riverdale, GA, United States
| | - George PrayGod
- National Institute for Medical Research, Muhimbili Medical Research Centre, Tanzania
| | - Frank Mapendo
- Africa Academy for Public Health, Research and Program Unit, Tanzania
| | - Gerald Shively
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Laura E Murray-Kolb
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Nilupa S Gunaratna
- Department of Public Health, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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Raneri JE, Boedecker J, Fallas Conejo DA, Muir G, Hanley-Cook G, Lachat C. Can common dietary assessment methods be better designed to capture the nutritional contribution of neglected, forest, and wild foods to diets? Front Nutr 2023; 10:1186707. [PMID: 37485381 PMCID: PMC10357295 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1186707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Food systems are the primary cause of biodiversity loss globally. Biodiversity and specifically, the role that wild, forest and neglected and underutilised species (NUS) foods might play in diet quality is gaining increased attention. The narrow focus on producing affordable staples for dietary energy has contributed to largely homogenous and unhealthy diets. To date, evidence to quantify the nutritional contribution of these biodiverse foods is limited. A scoping review was conducted to document the methods used to quantify the contribution of wild, forest and NUS foods. We found 37 relevant articles from 22 different countries, mainly from Africa (45%), the Americas (19%), and Asia (10%). There were 114 different classifications used for the foods, 73% of these were specifically related to wild or forest foods. Most dietary assessments were completed using a single day qualitative or quantitative 24 h open recall (n = 23), or a food frequency questionnaire (n = 12). There were 18 different diet related indicators used, mainly nutrient adequacy (n = 9) and dietary diversity scores (n = 9). Often, no specific nutritionally validated diet metric was used. There were 16 studies that presented results (semi) quantitatively to measure the contribution of wild, forest or NUS foods to dietary intakes. Of these, 38% were aggregated together with broader classifications of 'traditional' or 'local' foods, without definitions provided meaning it was not possible to determine if or to what extend wild, forest of NUS foods were included (or not). In almost all studies there was insufficient detail on the magnitude of the associations between wild, forest or NUS foods and dietary energy or nutrient intakes or the (qualitative) diet recall methodologies that were used inhibited the quantification of the contribution of these foods to diets. A set of six recommendations are put forward to strengthen the evidence on the contribution of wild, NUS, and forest foods to human diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E. Raneri
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Senior Nutrition Sensitive Agriculture Advisor to the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, and Agricultural Development and Food Security Section, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Canberra, NSW, Australia
| | - Julia Boedecker
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Food Environment and Consumer Behaviour Lever, The Alliance of Bioversity International and International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Diego A. Fallas Conejo
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Giulia Muir
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Giles Hanley-Cook
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Carl Lachat
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Bellon MR, Ntandou-Bouzitou G, Lauderdale JE, Caracciolo F. Combining market and nonmarket food sources provides rural households with more options to achieve better diets in Southern Benin. Food Secur 2022; 15:411-422. [PMID: 37016710 PMCID: PMC10066082 DOI: 10.1007/s12571-022-01320-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis study examines the relative contributions to dietary diversity of the diversity of plant and domesticated animal species which rural households produce or collect, i.e., nonmarket food sources, versus the diversity of foods purchased in markets. Although opinions differ in the literature as to their relative importance, clarifying how different sources of food contribute to the dietary diversity of rural households in the developing world is important to inform policies and interventions to improve their food security and dietary quality. This case study was carried out among a random sample of 654 rural households in southern Benin during two seasons: when food is plentiful after harvest; and when food is scarcer between harvests. We collected data on crops, wild plants, and domesticated animals utilized by households, the number of markets they visited, and the diet of a mother in the household, with a structured 24-hour food frequency questionnaire. We hypothesize that the number of markets visited is an indicator of the diversity of foods available in the markets they have access to, and thus shows the contribution of markets as food sources. Results support this hypothesis and show that households that produced more plant and domesticated animal species and those that visited more markets had more diversified diets. Obtaining diverse foods from multiple sources provides households with more options to achieve better diets. These results suggest a need for a more holistic approach that recognizes the complementarities between market and nonmarket sources of foods. This approach should build on the diversity of species rural households already utilize, and on the ways they interact with markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio R. Bellon
- Swette Center for Sustainable Food Systems, Arizona State University, PO Box 878204, 85287-8204 Tempe, AZ USA
| | | | | | - Francesco Caracciolo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici (Na), Italy
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de Quadros VP, Balcerzak A, Allemand P, de Sousa RF, Bevere T, Arsenault J, Deitchler M, Holmes BA. Global Trends in the Availability of Dietary Data in Low and Middle-Income Countries. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142987. [PMID: 35889943 PMCID: PMC9324857 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual-level quantitative dietary data can provide suitably disaggregated information to identify the needs of all population sub-groups, which can in turn inform agricultural, nutrition, food safety, and environmental policies and programs. The purpose of this discussion paper is to provide an overview of dietary surveys conducted in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 1980 to 2019, analyzing their key characteristics to understand the trends in dietary data collection across time. The present study analyzes the information gathered by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization Global Individual Food consumption data Tool (FAO/WHO GIFT). FAO/WHO GIFT is a growing repository of individual-level dietary data and contains information about dietary surveys from around the world, collected through published survey results, literature reviews, and direct contact with data owners. The analysis indicates an important increase in the number of dietary surveys conducted in LMICs in the past four decades and a notable increase in the number of national dietary surveys. It is hoped that this trend continues, together with associated efforts to validate and standardize the dietary methods used. The regular implementation of dietary surveys in LMICs is key to support evidence-based policies for improved nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Padula de Quadros
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 00153 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (P.A.); (R.F.d.S.); (T.B.); (B.A.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Agnieszka Balcerzak
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 00153 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (P.A.); (R.F.d.S.); (T.B.); (B.A.H.)
| | - Pauline Allemand
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 00153 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (P.A.); (R.F.d.S.); (T.B.); (B.A.H.)
| | - Rita Ferreira de Sousa
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 00153 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (P.A.); (R.F.d.S.); (T.B.); (B.A.H.)
| | - Teresa Bevere
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 00153 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (P.A.); (R.F.d.S.); (T.B.); (B.A.H.)
| | - Joanne Arsenault
- Intake—Center for Dietary Assessment, FHI Solutions, Washington, DC 20009, USA; (J.A.); (M.D.)
| | - Megan Deitchler
- Intake—Center for Dietary Assessment, FHI Solutions, Washington, DC 20009, USA; (J.A.); (M.D.)
| | - Bridget Anna Holmes
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 00153 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (P.A.); (R.F.d.S.); (T.B.); (B.A.H.)
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de Medeiros MFA, Silva SGB, Teixeira CD, Lima SCVC, Marchioni DM, Jacob MCM. Assessment of Biodiversity in Food Consumption Studies: A Systematic Review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:832288. [PMID: 35774537 PMCID: PMC9237621 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.832288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The assessment of food biodiversity has gained importance in nutrition due to the positive association between the diversity of foods consumed and the quality of diets. To date, however, we do not know systematically how food consumption studies address food biodiversity. Our objective with this paper was to characterize how food consumption studies address biodiverse foods, both in terms of (i) new methods capable of overcoming the limitations of existing methods, and (ii) indicators capable of measuring the contribution of biodiversity to nutrition. We conducted a systematic review based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA), using four databases: Web of Science, Medline/PubMed (via National Library of Medicine), Scopus, and Google Scholar. We selected papers focused on the consumption of biodiverse foods without time constraints. In addition, we assessed the methodological quality of the studies we selected. We reviewed a total of 22 studies, and summarized the methods and indicators most used. We found that some researchers used biodiversity mapping strategies based on ethnographic approaches before the dietary assessment. Regarding dietary assessment tools, retrospective direct methods were the most used by researchers. We list 23 indicators used by the authors, among them the Dietary Species Richness (DSR), used in 18% of the studies. Studies that used biodiversity mapping strategies based on ethnographic approaches before the dietary assessment portrayed the local availability of biodiverse foods more consistently, i.e., presented lists with local edible species satisfactorily identified. We believe researchers in the future can avoid many of the limitations of current methods by ensuring that teams are interprofessional. We emphasize that most of the indicators we summarized are not sensitive enough to biodiversity since they do not measure edible resources at the species level. In this sense, the DSR is promising, because it fills information gaps, especially in the case of wild or neglected species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carla Djaine Teixeira
- Graduate Program in Social Sciences, Center for Human Sciences, Letters and Arts, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | - Dirce Maria Marchioni
- Nutrition Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sheikhi M, Omidvar N, Tabatabaei SM, Eini-Zinab H. Is nutritional functional diversity in the rural food and nutrition system associated with food security and nutrient adequacy? A case study of rural areas of Zahedan district, Iran. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:751. [PMID: 35421969 PMCID: PMC9008399 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13134-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An overlooked problem in food and nutrition system analysis is assuring adequate diversity for a healthy diet. Little is known about nutrient diversity in food and nutrition systems and how it transmits to dietary diversity. Nutritional functional diversity (NFD) is a metric that describes diversity in providing nutrients from farm to market and the consumption level. The objective of this study is to determine the NFD score at different stages of the rural food and nutrition system, including household's agricultural and home production, domestic food processing, purchased food, and diet. It also aims to explore the association between NFD and nutrient adequacy, food security, and anthropometric indicators. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 321 households in 6 villages of Zahedan district. The NFD score was measured at three subsystems (production, processing, and consumption) of the food and nutrition system. Household food security, mean adequacy ratio (MAR), and anthropometrics of the household's head were measured to assess the association between NFD and food and nutrition indicators. Linear and bivariate statistical techniques were applied to study the associations between variables. RESULTS In the rural food and nutrition system, the food purchased from the city plays the main role in the households NFD score. Their contribution to total NFD was twice that of the food items purchased from the village. The NFD score of homestead production and households food processing was found to be five times less than those of food purchased from cities. The food insecure households had significantly lower NFD scores for food purchased from the city and higher NFD scores for purchased food items from the rural market and native wild vegetable consumption. A strong and positive relationship was observed between NFD of food items purchased from the city and households'MAR. No significant association was found between the NFD score of homestead production, processing, and dependent variables, i.e. food insecurity, MAR, and household head anthropometrics. CONCLUSION NFD score, as a relatively new metric, could help in determining diversity from farm to diet and identifying the gaps to plan appropriate interventions for improving diversity in the local food system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Sheikhi
- Department of Community Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute; and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 7, Hafezi St., Farahzadi Blvd, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Omidvar
- Department of Community Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute; and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 7, Hafezi St., Farahzadi Blvd, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hassan Eini-Zinab
- Department of Community Nutrition, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute; and Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 7, Hafezi St., Farahzadi Blvd, Tehran, Iran.
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8
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Gewa CA, Stabile B, Thomas P, Onyango AC, Angano FO. Agricultural Production, Traditional Foods and Household Food Insecurity in Rural Kenya: Practice, Perception and Predictors. JOURNAL OF HUNGER & ENVIRONMENTAL NUTRITION 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/19320248.2021.1994083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Constance Awuor Gewa
- Department of Nutrition & Food Studies, College of Health & Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Bonnie Stabile
- School of Policy, Government, and International Affairs, George Mason University, Fairfax, Va, USA
| | - Phil Thomas
- School of Policy, Government, and International Affairs, George Mason University, Fairfax, Va, USA
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Eyre RW, House T, Xavier Gómez-Olivé F, Griffiths FE. Bayesian belief network modelling of household food security in rural South Africa. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:935. [PMID: 34001089 PMCID: PMC8130258 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10938-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Achieving food security remains a key challenge for public policy throughout the world. As such, understanding the determinants of food insecurity and the causal relationships between them is an important scientific question. We aim to construct a Bayesian belief network model of food security in rural South Africa to act as a tool for decision support in the design of interventions. Methods Here, we use data from the Agincourt Health and Socio-demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) study area, which is close to the Mozambique border in a low-income region of South Africa, together with Bayesian belief network (BBN) methodology to address this question. Results We find that a combination of expert elicitation and learning from data produces the most credible set of causal relationships, as well as the greatest predictive performance with 10-fold cross validation resulting in a Briers score 0.0846, information reward of 0.5590, and Bayesian information reward of 0.0057. We report the resulting model as a directed acyclic graph (DAG) that can be used to model the expected effects of complex interventions to improve food security. Applications to sensitivity analyses and interventional simulations show ways the model can be applied as tool for decision support for human experts in deciding on interventions. Conclusions The resulting models can form the basis of the iterative generation of a robust causal model of household food security in the Agincourt HDSS study area and in other similar populations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10938-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Eyre
- Spectra Analytics, 70 Gracechurch Street, London, EC3V 0HR, UK
| | - Thomas House
- Department of Mathematics, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - F Xavier Gómez-Olivé
- Medical Research Council/Wits University Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Frances E Griffiths
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK. .,University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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The Nutritional and Micronutrient Status of Urban Schoolchildren with Moderate Anemia is Better than in a Rural Area in Kenya. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010207. [PMID: 31941120 PMCID: PMC7019372 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Low diet quality is a driver of general and micronutrient malnutrition in urban and rural areas. The objective was to compare malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies linked to dietary intake among urban and rural schoolchildren from food insecure settings in Kenya. The cross-sectional study was conducted among urban and rural schoolchildren aged 7–9 years. Height and weight were measured, venous blood samples were assessed and data on dietary intake was collected. After screening out children with hemoglobin >12.2 g/dL and moderate or severe undernutrition, a total of 36 urban and 35 rural children participated. The prevalence of moderate underweight, wasting, and stunting were lower in urban than in rural children, with significant differences in median z-scores for underweight (p < 0.001) and wasting (p < 0.001). Significantly higher values for serum ferritin (p = 0.012) and zinc (p < 0.001) were found in urban children. Yet, the median adequacy ratios were higher for vitamin C (p = 0.045), iron (p = 0.003), and zinc (p = 0.003) in rural than in urban children. General nutritional, iron, and zinc status were significantly better in slightly anemic urban children than in rural ones. Improving the nutrition of schoolchildren in urban and rural settings requires different dietary approaches.
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Sutyawan S, Khomsan A, Sukandar D. Pengembangan Indeks Ketahanan Pangan Rumah Tangga dan Kaitannya dengan Tingkat Kecukupan Zat Gizi dan Status Gizi Anak Balita. AMERTA NUTRITION 2019. [DOI: 10.20473/amnt.v3i4.2019.201-211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Household food insecurity is a underlaying causes on undernutrition problems in children under five years. Household food security especially from food acces dimention is reflected from many indicators that are complex and easier to understand in a composite index. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop a index of household food security and its relationship to nutrient intake level and nutritional status in children under five years. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in four villages in West Bangka Regency in December 2018 until April 2019. The study involved 219 subjects consisting of mothers and children aged 12-59 months. Data were analyzed using Rank Spearman relationship test. Results: The validation results showed that the index score has a negatively correlation (p<0.01) with the proportion of food expenditure and it has a significant correlation with dietary diversity (HDDS Score). In addition, the index score was a significant correlation (p<0.01) with the level of adequacy of energy, protein, fat, calcium, iron, zinc and dietary diversity in children. The index score was a significant associated (p<0.01) with the nutritional status of children based on height for age, weight gor age, and height for wight. Conclusions: The index was developed from this study can be an alternative to evaluate the status of household food security level and stronger marker of food consumption and nutritional status of under five children.ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Kondisi rawan pangan pada rumah tangga merupakan salah satu penyebab masalah kekurangan gizi pada anak berusia di bawah lima tahun. Ketahanan pangan rumah tangga tercermin dari banyak indikator yang kompleks dan lebih mudah dipahami dalam indeks komposit.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan indeks ketahanan pangan rumah tangga serta hubungannya dengan tingkat asupan gizi dan status gizi pada anak balita.Metode: Penelitian cross-sectional ini dilakukan di empat desa di Kabupaten Bangka Barat. Penelitian ini melibatkan 219 subjek yang terdiri dari anak berusia 12-59 bulan dan ibu dari anak. Data dianalis menggunakan uji beda Kruskal Wallis dan uji hubungan Rank Spearman.Hasil: Hasil validasi menunjukkan bahwa skor indeks memiliki perbedaan yang nyata (p<0,05) berdasarkan tingkat kerentanan pangan wilayah dan terdapat hubungan negatif yang kuat (p<0,05) dengan proporsi pengeluaran pangan. Selain itu, skor indeks memiliki keterkaitan yang kuat (p<0,05) dengan tingkat kecukupan energi, protein, lemak, kalsium, besi, seng serta keragaman diet pada balita. Skor indeks juga memiliki hubungan yang nyata (p<0,05) dengan nilai z-score status gizi balita berdasarkan indeks antropometri tinggi badan menurut usia, berat badan menurut umur, dan tinggi badan menurut berat badan.Kesimpulan: Indeks yang dikembangkan dari penelitian ini dapat menjadi alternatif dalam menilai status ketahanan pangan rumah tangga serta prediktor yang kuat dalam melihat gambaran konsumsi pangan dan status gizi balita.
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Local traditional foods contribute to diversity and species richness of rural women's diet in Ecuador. Public Health Nutr 2019; 22:2962-2971. [PMID: 31456535 DOI: 10.1017/s136898001900226x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the dietary diversity and the nutrient contribution of traditional foods (locally cultivated and wild) by conducting a food intake study in rural Ecuador. DESIGN Repeated 24 h recalls over a 14 d interval and frequency of consumption served to simulate the usual diet by the Multiple Source Method. Data on missing visits (n 11) were imputed using multivariate imputation by chained equations. The intakes of three macro- and six micronutrients were reported. Nutrient Adequacy Ratios, Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR), Dietary Species Richness (DSR) and Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women were used as measures of dietary quality. A linear quantile mixed model was used to investigate the association between DSR, local species, MAR, age, education and occupation. SETTING Guasaganda, Cotopaxi (Ecuador). PARTICIPANTS Rural, indigenous adult women, non-pregnant and not breast-feeding. RESULTS The studied diet had MAR of 0·78. Consumption of traditional foods contributed 38·6 % of total energy intake. Daily requirements for protein, carbohydrates, Fe and vitamin C were reached. An extra level of consumption of local species was associated with an increase in median MAR for macronutrients of 0·033 (P < 0·001). On the other hand, an extra level of consumption of local species was associated with an increase in median MAR for micronutrients of 0·052 (P < 0·001). CONCLUSIONS We found statistical evidence that traditional foods contribute to adequate intakes of macro- and micronutrients and dietary diversification in the studied population. Future public health interventions should promote the cultivation and consumption of traditional foods to increase the quality of the local diet.
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Ravaoarisoa L, Rakotonirina J, Randriamanantsaina L, de Dieu Marie Rakotomanga J, Dramaix MW, Donnen P. Food consumption and undernutrition variations among mothers during the post-harvest and lean seasons in Amoron'i Mania Region, Madagascar. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1005. [PMID: 31349840 PMCID: PMC6660682 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7333-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seasonal variation affects nutrition particularly in contexts where people's food consumption depends on their production of food. Assessing the effect of the season on nutrition status can help us to identify strategies to address undernutrition. This study aims to measure the variations in food consumption and the incidence of undernutrition according to season, and to identify the factors associated with the incidence of undernutrition. METHODS A cohort study was conducted among 608 mothers aged between 18 and 45 years living in the Amoron'i Mania Region of Madagascar. Inclusion in the study occurred during the post-harvest season, and mothers were followed until the end of the next lean period (7 months). A dichotomous variable of the frequency of consumption of various foods was used to establish variation in food consumption. Body Mass Index < 18.5 kg/m2 and Middle Upper Arm Circumference < 220 mm were used to measure incidence of undernutrition. A generalized linear model was used to identify factors associated with the incidence of undernutrition and to derive relative risks. RESULTS During the lean season, the frequency of consumption of leafy green vegetables, peanuts, fish, and eggs decreased significantly. In contrast, the frequency of fruit, legumes, and non-leafy green vegetables consumption increased significantly. The prevalence of undernutrition (based on the BMI and/or MUAC) among mothers increased from 19.6% in the post-harvest period to 27.1% in the lean period (p < 0.001). The incidence of undernutrition (based on the BMI and/or MUAC) during the follow-up was 12.2%. The factors related to undernutrition were low and medium score of movable property possession (Adjusted RR = 3.26 [1.33-7.94] and Adjusted RR = 2.48 [1.01-6.10]), no toilet (Adjusted RR = 1.76 [1.07-2.91]), and pregnancy (Adjusted RR = 2.92 [1.42-6.04]) (based on the MUAC only for pregnancy). CONCLUSION This study highlights the variation in the frequency and type of food consumption and subsequent deterioration in mothers' nutritional status during the lean season. Economic, hygiene, and reproductive factors were associated with undernutrition. Analyzing the existing interventions to fight maternal undernutrition is necessary to determine whether or not seasonality is considered and addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lantonirina Ravaoarisoa
- Institut National de Santé Publique et Communautaire Antananarivo Madagascar, Faculté de Médecine d’Antananarivo Madagascar, Ecole de Santé Publique de l’Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julio Rakotonirina
- Institut National de Santé Publique et Communautaire Antananarivo Madagascar, Faculté de Médecine d’Antananarivo Madagascar, Ecole de Santé Publique de l’Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lalhyss Randriamanantsaina
- Institut National de Santé Publique et Communautaire Antananarivo Madagascar, Faculté de Médecine d’Antananarivo Madagascar, Ecole de Santé Publique de l’Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean de Dieu Marie Rakotomanga
- Institut National de Santé Publique et Communautaire Antananarivo Madagascar, Faculté de Médecine d’Antananarivo Madagascar, Ecole de Santé Publique de l’Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michèle Wilmet Dramaix
- Institut National de Santé Publique et Communautaire Antananarivo Madagascar, Faculté de Médecine d’Antananarivo Madagascar, Ecole de Santé Publique de l’Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Donnen
- Institut National de Santé Publique et Communautaire Antananarivo Madagascar, Faculté de Médecine d’Antananarivo Madagascar, Ecole de Santé Publique de l’Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Livelihood strategies, capital assets, and food security in rural Southwest Ethiopia. Food Secur 2019; 11:167-181. [PMID: 30931047 PMCID: PMC6411135 DOI: 10.1007/s12571-018-00883-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Households combine capital assets in a process involving human agency and resourcefulness to construct livelihood strategies and generate well-being outcomes. Here, we (1) characterized types of livelihood strategies; (2) determined how different capital assets are associated with different livelihood strategies; and (3) determined how livelihood strategies differed in food security outcomes. We conducted a survey in southwestern Ethiopia and used principal component and cluster analyses. Five types of livelihood strategies, which differed mainly in food and cash crops comprising the strategy, were identified. These were, in order of decreasing food security: ‘three food crops, coffee and khat’, n = 68; ‘three food crops and khat’, n = 59; ‘two food crops, coffee and khat’, n = 78; ‘two food crops and khat’, n = 88; and ‘one food crop, coffee and khat’, n = 44. The livelihood strategy ‘three food crops, coffee and khat’ was associated with a wide range of capital assets, particularly having larger aggregate farm field size and learning from other farmers. A generalized linear model showed that livelihood strategies were significantly associated with food security outcomes. Particularly, a high number of food crops in a strategy was linked with relatively high food security. In this context, diversified livelihood strategies primarily through having a mix of food crops for subsistence, in combination with cash crops for income, are important for food security. This suggests a need to rethink dominant policy narratives, which have a narrow focus on increasing productivity and commercialization as the primary pathway to food security.
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Oduor FO, Boedecker J, Kennedy G, Mituki-Mungiria D, Termote C. Caregivers' nutritional knowledge and attitudes mediate seasonal shifts in children's diets. MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION 2018; 15:e12633. [PMID: 29968334 PMCID: PMC6859406 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Smallholder farmers dependent on rain‐fed agriculture experience seasonal variations in food and nutrient availability occasioned by seasonality of production patterns. This results in periods of nutrient abundance in the plenty seasons followed closely by periods of nutrient inadequacies and malnutrition. This pattern contributes to a cycle of deteriorating health and nutrition status and deprives children of their ability to realize full developmental potential. This study investigates the role of caregiver's nutritional knowledge and attitudes in mediating effects of seasonality on children's diets. Repeated cross‐sectional surveys were conducted on 151 randomly selected households in the plenty and lean seasons to collect dietary data using two non‐consecutive quantitative 24‐hr recalls and caregiver's nutritional knowledge and attitudes assessed using interviewer administered questionnaire. Sixty‐five percent of the caregivers had attained a primary level education or less. There was a positive modest correlation between caregivers' nutritional knowledge and their attitudes (r = 0.3, P < 0.000, α = 0.01). Children's mean adequacy ratio was significantly higher in the plenty season than in the lean season (0.84 vs. 0.80, P < 0.000). A two‐block hierarchical regression to predict the seasonal changes in dietary quality of children using caregiver's nutritional knowledge and attitude scores while controlling for the effect of sociodemographics and mean adequacy ratio at first season (plenty) found that caregiver's nutritional knowledge (ß = −0.007, SE = 0.003, P = 0.027, 95% CI [−0.013, −0.001] ŋ2 = 0.034) but not attitudes had significant contribution to the prediction. Maternal nutritional knowledge mediates seasonal variation in child nutrient intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Odhiambo Oduor
- Healthy Diets from sustainable food Systems Initiative, Bioversity International, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Julia Boedecker
- Healthy Diets from sustainable food Systems Initiative, Bioversity International, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gina Kennedy
- Healthy Diets from Sustainable Food Systems Initiative, Bioversity International, Rome, Italy
| | - Dorothy Mituki-Mungiria
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Egerton University, Nakuru, Rift Valley, Kenya
| | - Céline Termote
- Healthy Diets from sustainable food Systems Initiative, Bioversity International, Nairobi, Kenya
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Higher agrobiodiversity is associated with improved dietary diversity, but not child anthropometric status, of Mayan Achí people of Guatemala. Public Health Nutr 2018; 21:2128-2141. [PMID: 29611490 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980018000617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Child undernutrition remains one of the greatest challenges for public health nutrition in rural areas in developing countries. Interventions aiming to increase and conserve agrobiodiversity seem to be promising alternatives to improve child nutrition. However, the existing literature on these interventions is not conclusive about their effectiveness in combating child undernutrition. We tested the hypothesis that 'higher agrobiodiversity is associated with greater dietary diversity and better anthropometric status' in rural Guatemala.Design/Setting/SubjectsIn the summer of 2016, we conducted a cross-sectional study with a sample of 154 children (6-60 months). We conducted dietary recalls and structured interviews, measured children's weight and height, and visited food production systems (Milpas, home gardens, coffee plantations). Crop species richness, nutritional functional diversity, dietary diversity scores and anthropometric status were calculated. RESULTS Higher food self-sufficiency, nutritional functional diversity and dietary diversity scores were positively correlated with higher crop and animal species richness. Contrarily, remoteness to the local market was negatively correlated with dietary diversity scores. However, higher dietary diversity scores were not correlated with better child anthropometric status. Better child anthropometric status was positively correlated with improved sanitary conditions and maternal education; and negatively correlated with large household size and frequent child morbidity. CONCLUSIONS Agricultural diversification could diversify diets, increase nutrient availability and improve child anthropometry. However, these interventions need to be accompanied by sanitation improvements, family planning, nutritional education and women's empowerment to strengthen their positive effect on diet and nutrition.
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Madjdian DS, Azupogo F, Osendarp SJ, Bras H, Brouwer ID. Socio-cultural and economic determinants and consequences of adolescent undernutrition and micronutrient deficiencies in LLMICs: a systematic narrative review. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dónya S. Madjdian
- Department of Social Sciences, Sociology of Consumption and Households; Wageningen University and Research; Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Fusta Azupogo
- Department of Human Nutrition, Nutrition and Health over the Life Course; Wageningen University and Research; Wageningen the Netherlands
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture; University for Development Studies; Tamale Ghana
| | - Saskia J.M. Osendarp
- Department of Human Nutrition, Nutrition and Health over the Life Course; Wageningen University and Research; Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Hilde Bras
- Department of Social Sciences, Sociology of Consumption and Households; Wageningen University and Research; Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Inge D. Brouwer
- Department of Human Nutrition, Nutrition and Health over the Life Course; Wageningen University and Research; Wageningen the Netherlands
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Bogard JR, Marks GC, Wood S, Thilsted SH. Measuring nutritional quality of agricultural production systems: Application to fish production. GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY-AGRICULTURE POLICY ECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sibhatu KT, Qaim M. Farm production diversity and dietary quality: linkages and measurement issues. Food Secur 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12571-017-0762-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ntwenya JE, Kinabo J, Msuya J, Mamiro P, Mamiro D, Njoghomi E, Liwei P, Huang M. Rich Food Biodiversity Amid Low Consumption of Food Items in Kilosa District, Tanzania. Food Nutr Bull 2017; 38:501-511. [DOI: 10.1177/0379572117708647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Indigenous foods, which contribute largely to the majority of the households' food basket in rural Tanzanian communities, have not been fully characterized or documented. Objectives: The study aimed to document foods available and consumed in Kilosa District, Tanzania, in an attempt to promote, revive use, and build evidence for sustainable utilization of the rich local biodiversity. Methods: Data were collected from 307 households in 3 agroecological zones in Kilosa District during the beginning of the rainy season (February-May) and immediately after harvest (September-October). A list of food items was generated, and 24-hour recall was performed. Descriptive statistics were calculated and a student t test statistic was used to compare the means of the Food Biodiversity Score between the agricultural seasons. Results: A total of 183 edible food items were reported by households with more reported in the rainy season (n = 82) compared to harvest season (n = 64). The mean number of food items consumed per day during the rainy season was 4.7 (95% CI: 4.5-5.0) compared to 5.9 (95% CI: 5.7-6.1) during harvest season. About 50% of the households mentioned that wild edible foods were less accepted by household members. Conclusion: Despite the rich local food biodiversity, households relied on few food items which may be due to limited awareness and knowledge about the biodiversity of foods in the community. It is important to educate communities on the rich and affordable food base available locally to improve their food diversity, income, and nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius E. Ntwenya
- School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Joyce Kinabo
- Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - John Msuya
- Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Peter Mamiro
- Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | | | | | | | - Megan Huang
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Anderson CL, Reynolds T, Merfeld JD, Biscaye P. Relating Seasonal Hunger and Prevention and Coping Strategies: A Panel Analysis of Malawian Farm Households. THE JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES 2017; 54:1737-1755. [PMID: 30363959 PMCID: PMC6183898 DOI: 10.1080/00220388.2017.1371296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Relative to chronic hunger, seasonal hunger in rural and urban areas of Africa is poorly understood. This paper examines the extent and potential correlates of seasonal hunger in Malawi using panel data from 2011-2013. We find that both urban and rural households report seasonal hunger in the pre-harvest months. Certain strategies to smooth consumption, including crop storage and livestock ownership, are associated with fewer months of hunger. In addition, we find that Malawian households that experience seasonal hunger harvest their crops earlier than average - a short-term coping mechanism that can reduce the crop's yield and nutritional value, possibly perpetuating hunger.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Leigh Anderson
- Evans School of Public Policy and Governance, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Travis Reynolds
- Environmental Studies Program, Colby College, Waterville, ME, USA
| | - Joshua D. Merfeld
- Evans School of Public Policy and Governance, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Pierre Biscaye
- Evans School of Public Policy and Governance, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Abizari AR, Azupogo F, Nagasu M, Creemers N, Brouwer ID. Seasonality affects dietary diversity of school-age children in northern Ghana. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183206. [PMID: 28806418 PMCID: PMC5555613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Dietary diversity score (DDS) is relatively easy to measure and is shown to be a very useful indicator of the probability of adequate micronutrient intake. Dietary diversity, however, is usually assessed during a single period and little is known about the effect of seasonality on it. This study investigates whether dietary diversity is influenced by seasonality. METHODS Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted in two different seasons-dry season (October 2010) and rainy season (May 2011) among the same school-age children (SAC) in two rural schools in northern Ghana. The study population consisted of 228 school-age children. A qualitative 24-hour dietary recall was conducted in both seasons. Based on 13 food groups, a score of 1 was given if a child consumed a food item belonging to a particular food group, else 0. Individual scores were aggregated into DDS for each child. Differences in mean DDS between seasons were compared using linear mixed model analysis. RESULTS The dietary pattern of the SAC was commonly plant foods with poor consumption of animal source foods. The mean DDS was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the rainy season (6.95 ± 0.55) compared to the dry season (6.44 ± 0.55) after adjusting for potential confounders such as age, sex, occupation (household head and mother) and education of household head. The difference in mean DDS between dry and rainy seasons was mainly due to the difference in the consumption of Vitamin A-rich fruits and vegetables between the seasons. While vitamin A-rich fruits (64.0% vs. 0.9%; P < 0.0001) and vitamin A rich dark green leafy vegetables (52.6% vs. 23.3%, P < .0001) were consumed more during the rainy season than the dry season, more children consumed vitamin A-rich deep yellow, orange and red vegetables during the dry season than during the rainy season (73.7% vs. 36.4%, P <0.001). CONCLUSION Seasonality has an effect on DDS and may affect the quality of dietary intake of SAC; in such a context, it would be useful to measure DDS in different seasons. Since DDS is a proxy indicator of micronutrient intake, the difference in DDS may reflect in seasonal differences in dietary adequacy and further studies are needed to establish this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul-Razak Abizari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Allied Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
- * E-mail:
| | - Fusta Azupogo
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Miwako Nagasu
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - Noortje Creemers
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - Inge D. Brouwer
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, The Netherlands
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Harika R, Faber M, Samuel F, Mulugeta A, Kimiywe J, Eilander A. Are Low Intakes and Deficiencies in Iron, Vitamin A, Zinc, and Iodine of Public Health Concern in Ethiopian, Kenyan, Nigerian, and South African Children and Adolescents? Food Nutr Bull 2017; 38:405-427. [PMID: 28682645 DOI: 10.1177/0379572117715818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform a systematic review to evaluate iron, vitamin A, zinc, and iodine status and intakes in children and adolescents (0-19 years) in Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa. METHOD Both national and subnational data published from the year 2005 to 2015 were searched via MEDLINE, Scopus, and national public health websites. For each micronutrient and country, status data from relevant studies and surveys were combined into an average prevalence and weighted by sample size (WAVG). Inadequate intakes were estimated from mean (SD) intakes. RESULTS This review included 55 surveys and studies, 17 from Ethiopia, 11 from Kenya, 12 from Nigeria, and 16 from South Africa. The WAVG prevalence of anemia ranged from 25% to 53%, iron deficiency from 12% to 29%, vitamin A deficiency (VAD) from 14% to 42%, zinc deficiency from 32% to 63%, and iodine deficiency from 15% to 86% in children aged 0 to 19 years from 4 countries. Generally, children <5 years had higher prevalence of anemia (32%-63%), VAD (15%-35%), and zinc deficiency (35%-63%) compared to children aged 5 to 19 years. Studies with intake data indicated that inadequate intakes ranged from 51% to 99% for zinc, 13% to 100% for iron, and 1% to 100% for vitamin A. Households failing to consume adequately iodized (>15 ppm) salt ranged from 2% in Kenya to 96% in Ethiopia. CONCLUSION With large variation within the 4 African countries, our data indicate that anemia and vitamin A, zinc, and iodine deficiencies are problems of public health significance. Effective public health strategies such as dietary diversification and food fortification are needed to improve micronutrient intake in both younger and older children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajwinder Harika
- 1 Unilever Research and Development, Vlaardingen, the Netherlands
| | - Mieke Faber
- 2 Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Folake Samuel
- 3 Department of Human Nutrition, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Afework Mulugeta
- 4 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Judith Kimiywe
- 5 School of Applied Human Sciences, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ans Eilander
- 1 Unilever Research and Development, Vlaardingen, the Netherlands
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Aglago EK, Landais E, Nicolas G, Margetts B, Leclercq C, Allemand P, Aderibigbe O, Agueh VD, Amuna P, Annor GA, El Ati J, Coates J, Colaiezzi B, Compaore E, Delisle H, Faber M, Fungo R, Gouado I, El Hamdouchi A, Hounkpatin WA, Konan AG, Labzizi S, Ledo J, Mahachi C, Maruapula SD, Mathe N, Mbabazi M, Mirembe MW, Mizéhoun-Adissoda C, Nzi CD, Pisa PT, El Rhazi K, Zotor F, Slimani N. Evaluation of the international standardized 24-h dietary recall methodology (GloboDiet) for potential application in research and surveillance within African settings. Global Health 2017; 13:35. [PMID: 28629424 PMCID: PMC5477249 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-017-0260-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Collection of reliable and comparable individual food consumption data is of primary importance to better understand, control and monitor malnutrition and its related comorbidities in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including in Africa. The lack of standardised dietary tools and their related research support infrastructure remains a major obstacle to implement concerted and region-specific research and action plans worldwide. Citing the magnitude and importance of this challenge, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO) launched the "Global Nutrition Surveillance initiative" to pilot test the use of a standardized 24-h dietary recall research tool (GloboDiet), validated in Europe, in other regions. In this regard, the development of the GloboDiet-Africa can be optimised by better understanding of the local specific methodological needs, barriers and opportunities. The study aimed to evaluate the standardized 24-h dietary recall research tool (GloboDiet) as a possible common methodology for research and surveillance across Africa. METHODS A consultative panel of African and international experts in dietary assessment participated in six e-workshop sessions. They completed an in-depth e-questionnaire to evaluate the GloboDiet dietary methodology before and after participating in the e-workshop. RESULTS The 29 experts expressed their satisfaction on the potential of the software to address local specific needs when evaluating the main structure of the software, the stepwise approach for data collection and standardisation concept. Nevertheless, additional information to better describe local foods and recipes, as well as particular culinary patterns (e.g. mortar pounding), were proposed. Furthermore, food quantification in shared-plates and -bowls eating situations and interviewing of populations with low literacy skills, especially in rural settings, were acknowledged as requiring further specific considerations and appropriate solutions. CONCLUSIONS An overall positive evaluation of the GloboDiet methodology by both African and international experts, supports the flexibility and potential applicability of this tool in diverse African settings and sets a positive platform for improved dietary monitoring and surveillance. Following this evaluation, prerequisite for future implementation and/or adaptation of GloboDiet in Africa, rigorous and robust capacity building as well as knowledge transfer will be required to roadmap a stepwise approach to implement this methodology across pilot African countries/regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elom Kouassivi Aglago
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section (NME), International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon, France
| | | | - Geneviève Nicolas
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section (NME), International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Barrie Margetts
- Institute of Human Nutrition, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Catherine Leclercq
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy
| | - Pauline Allemand
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Paul Amuna
- Research Section, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Jennifer Coates
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, USA
| | - Brooke Colaiezzi
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, USA
| | - Ella Compaore
- Department of Biochemistry-Microbiology, UFR-SVT, CRSBAN/University of Ouagadougou I Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Hélène Delisle
- TRANSNUT, Centre Collaborateur OMS sur la transition nutritionnelle et le développement, Département de Nutrition, Faculté of Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Mieke Faber
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Robert Fungo
- School of Food Technology, Nutrition & Bio-Engineering, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Inocent Gouado
- Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Asmaa El Hamdouchi
- Unité mixte de recherche en Nutrition et alimentation; URAC 39; RDC-Nutrition associé à l’AFRA/AIEA (CNESTEN-Université Ibn Tofail), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Waliou Amoussa Hounkpatin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | | | - Saloua Labzizi
- Unité mixte de recherche en Nutrition et alimentation; URAC 39; RDC-Nutrition associé à l’AFRA/AIEA (CNESTEN-Université Ibn Tofail), Rabat, Morocco
- Ministry of Health, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Carol Mahachi
- Department of Physiology, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | | | - Nonsikelelo Mathe
- Faculty of Health Disciplines, Athabasca University, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Muniirah Mbabazi
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mandy Wilja Mirembe
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Karima El Rhazi
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine of Fez, Fez, Morocco
| | - Francis Zotor
- University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Volta Region Ghana
| | - Nadia Slimani
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section (NME), International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon, France
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Hoffman D, Cacciola T, Barrios P, Simon J. Temporal changes and determinants of childhood nutritional status in Kenya and Zambia. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2017; 36:27. [PMID: 28583185 PMCID: PMC5460439 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-017-0095-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of undernutrition is decreasing in many parts of the developing world, but challenges remain in many countries. The objective of this study was to determine factors influencing childhood nutrition status in Kenya and Zambia. The objective of this study is to determine factors associated with temporal changes in childhood nutritional status in two countries in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS Data from national demographic and health surveys from the World Bank for Kenya (1998-2009) and Zambia (1996-2014) were used to select the youngest child of each household with complete data for all variables studied. Multiple linear regression analyses were used for data from 2902 and 11,335 children from Kenya and Zambia, respectively, in each year to determine the relationship between social and economic factors and measures of nutritional status, including wasting, stunting, and overweight. RESULTS There was a decreased prevalence of stunting (35% in Kenya and 40% in Zambia), while the prevalence of wasting was unchanged (6-8% in both countries). From 1998 to 2009, there was a protective effect against stunting for wealthier families and households with electricity, for both countries. Finally, better educated mothers were less likely to have stunted children and girls were less likely to be stunted than boys. CONCLUSIONS Based on the data analyzed, there was a higher risk of stunting in both Kenya and Zambia, for those with lower literacy, less education, no electricity, living in rural areas, no formal toilet, no car ownership, and those with an overall lower wealth index. Improving the education of mothers was also a significant determinant in improving the nutritional status of children in Kenya and Zambia. More broad-based efforts to reduce the prevalence of undernutrition need to focus on reducing the prevalence of undernutrition without promoting excess weight gain. Future economic advances need to consider integrated approaches to improving economic standings of households without increasing the risk for overnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hoffman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
- New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Center for Childhood Nutrition Education and Research, Program in International Nutrition, Rutgers University, 61 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
| | - Thomas Cacciola
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Center for Childhood Nutrition Education and Research, Program in International Nutrition, Rutgers University, 61 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Pamela Barrios
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Center for Childhood Nutrition Education and Research, Program in International Nutrition, Rutgers University, 61 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - James Simon
- New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Center for Childhood Nutrition Education and Research, Program in International Nutrition, Rutgers University, 61 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association between farm production diversity and dietary diversity in rural smallholder households was recently analysed. Most existing studies build on household-level dietary diversity indicators calculated from 7d food consumption recalls. Herein, this association is revisited with individual-level 24 h recall data. The robustness of the results is tested by comparing household- and individual-level estimates. The role of other factors that may influence dietary diversity, such as market access and agricultural technology, is also analysed. DESIGN A survey of smallholder farm households was carried out in Malawi in 2014. Dietary diversity scores are calculated from 24 h recall data. Production diversity scores are calculated from farm production data covering a period of 12 months. Individual- and household-level regression models are developed and estimated. SETTING Data were collected in sixteen districts of central and southern Malawi. SUBJECTS Smallholder farm households (n 408), young children (n 519) and mothers (n 408). RESULTS Farm production diversity is positively associated with dietary diversity. However, the estimated effects are small. Access to markets for buying food and selling farm produce and use of chemical fertilizers are shown to be more important for dietary diversity than diverse farm production. Results with household- and individual-level dietary data are very similar. CONCLUSIONS Further increasing production diversity may not be the most effective strategy to improve diets in smallholder farm households. Improving access to markets, productivity-enhancing inputs and technologies seems to be more promising.
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Bellon MR, Ntandou-Bouzitou GD, Caracciolo F. On-Farm Diversity and Market Participation Are Positively Associated with Dietary Diversity of Rural Mothers in Southern Benin, West Africa. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162535. [PMID: 27606782 PMCID: PMC5015832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to test the extent to which, under different opportunities for market participation, the diversity of plant species rural households grow or collect (on-farm diversity), and the variety of foods mothers purchase (market diversity) are associated with their dietary diversity. METHODS Rural households from three districts in southern Benin were interviewed during dry (n = 472) and wet (n = 482) seasons between 2011 and 2012. Villages within districts and their households were selected randomly according to market accessibility, with a mother selected from each household. Information on on-farm diversity was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Market diversity was obtained through a 7-day food frequency questionnaire that elicited if foods were purchased. Dietary diversity was derived from a quantitative 24-hour food recall. A system of three simultaneous equations via a Generalized Methods of Moments was estimated to address potential endogeneity between dietary diversity and on-farm diversity and market diversity. RESULTS Results show rich on-farm diversity with more than 65 different edible plant species grown or collected by households. More than 70% of foods consumed by mothers were purchased in 55 market places. More than 50% of mothers met minimum dietary diversity with at least 5 food groups consumed. Diagnostic tests indicated the existence of endogeneity. Econometric results showed that on-farm and market diversities were positively associated with mothers' dietary diversity (p < 0.05) once market opportunities, seasonality and other socioeconomic factors were controlled for. CONCLUSION Results provide evidence of a positive relationship between on-farm diversity and dietary diversity among participant mothers. They demonstrate the important contribution of market diversity to their dietary diversity. Links among these three facets of diversity suggest that production for self-consumption and food purchases complement rather than replace each other in their contribution to dietary diversity and thus dietary quality.
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Williams AM, Chantry CJ, Young SL, Achando BS, Allen LH, Arnold BF, Colford JM, Dentz HN, Hampel D, Kiprotich MC, Lin A, Null CA, Nyambane GM, Shahab-Ferdows S, Stewart CP. Vitamin B-12 Concentrations in Breast Milk Are Low and Are Not Associated with Reported Household Hunger, Recent Animal-Source Food, or Vitamin B-12 Intake in Women in Rural Kenya. J Nutr 2016; 146:1125-31. [PMID: 27075905 PMCID: PMC4841927 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.228189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast milk vitamin B-12 concentration may be inadequate in regions in which animal-source food consumption is low or infrequent. Vitamin B-12 deficiency causes megaloblastic anemia and impairs growth and development in children. OBJECTIVE We measured vitamin B-12 in breast milk and examined its associations with household hunger, recent animal-source food consumption, and vitamin B-12 intake. METHODS In a cross-sectional substudy nested within a cluster-randomized trial assessing water, sanitation, hygiene, and nutrition interventions in Kenya, we sampled 286 women 1-6 mo postpartum. Mothers hand-expressed breast milk 1 min into a feeding after 90 min observed nonbreastfeeding. The Household Hunger Scale was used to measure hunger, food intake in the previous week was measured with the use of a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and vitamin B-12 intake was estimated by using 24-h dietary recall. An animal-source food score was based on 10 items from the FFQ (range: 0-70). Breast milk vitamin B-12 concentration was measured with the use of a solid-phase competitive chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay and was modeled with linear regression. Generalized estimating equations were used to account for correlated observations at the cluster level. RESULTS Median (IQR) vitamin B-12 intake was 1.5 μg/d (0.3, 9.7 μg/d), and 60% of women consumed <2.4 μg/d, the estimated average requirement during lactation. Median (IQR) breast milk vitamin B-12 concentration was 113 pmol/L (61, 199 pmol/L); 89% had concentrations <310 pmol/L, the estimated adequate concentration. Moderate or severe hunger prevalence was 27%; the animal-source food score ranged from 0 to 30 item-d/wk. Hunger and recent animal-source food and vitamin B-12 intake were not associated with breast milk vitamin B-12 concentrations. Maternal age was negatively associated with breast milk vitamin B-12 concentrations. CONCLUSION Most lactating Kenyan women consumed less than the estimated average requirement of vitamin B-12 and had low breast milk vitamin B-12 concentrations. We recommend interventions that improve vitamin B-12 intake in lactating Kenyan women to foster maternal health and child development. The main trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01704105.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Williams
- Program in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Caroline J Chantry
- Program in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Sera L Young
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Program in International Nutrition, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Beryl S Achando
- Innovations for Poverty Action, Nairobi, Kenya, and New Haven, CT
| | - Lindsay H Allen
- Program in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; USDA Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA
| | - Benjamin F Arnold
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA; and
| | - John M Colford
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA; and
| | - Holly N Dentz
- Program in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Innovations for Poverty Action, Nairobi, Kenya, and New Haven, CT
| | - Daniela Hampel
- Program in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; USDA Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA
| | | | - Audrie Lin
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA; and
| | - Clair A Null
- Innovations for Poverty Action, Nairobi, Kenya, and New Haven, CT; Mathematica Policy Research, Washington, DC
| | | | - Setti Shahab-Ferdows
- USDA Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA
| | - Christine P Stewart
- Program in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA;
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