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Govindaraju T, Man M, Owen AJ, Carroll M, Borg BM, Smith CL, Gao CX, Brown D, Poland D, Allgood S, Ikin JF, Abramson MJ, McCaffrey TA, Lane TJ. Does diet quality moderate the long-term effects of discrete but extreme PM 2.5 exposure on respiratory symptoms? A study of the Hazelwood coalmine fire. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:119014. [PMID: 38685296 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
In 2014, a fire at an open cut coalmine in regional Victoria, Australia burned for 6 weeks. Residents of the nearby town of Morwell were exposed to smoke, which included high levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). We investigated whether the long-term effects of PM2.5 on respiratory health were moderated by diet quality. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted of data collected 8.5 years after the mine fire from 282 residents of Morwell and 166 residents from the nearby unexposed town of Sale. Primary outcomes were respiratory symptoms. Exposure was coalmine fire-related PM2.5 and diet quality was assessed as Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS) derived using the Australian Eating Survey (AES). The moderating effect of diet quality on respiratory outcomes associated with PM2.5 was assessed using logistic regression models, adjusting for potential confounders. Diet quality was poor in this sample, with 60% in the lowest category of overall diet quality. Overall diet quality and fruit and vegetable quality significantly attenuated the association between PM2.5 and prevalence of chronic cough and phlegm. Sauce/condiment intake was associated with a greater effect of PM2.5 on COPD prevalence. No other moderating effects were significant. The moderating effects of overall diet quality and vegetable and fruit intake aligned with a priori hypotheses, suggesting potential protective benefits. While more evidence is needed to confirm these findings, improving diets, especially fruit and vegetable intake, may provide some protection against the effects of smoke exposure from fire events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thara Govindaraju
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martin Man
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Alice J Owen
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew Carroll
- Monash Rural Health Churchill, Monash University, Churchill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brigitte M Borg
- Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine L Smith
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Caroline X Gao
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Brown
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Poland
- Monash Rural Health Churchill, Monash University, Churchill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shantelle Allgood
- Monash Rural Health Churchill, Monash University, Churchill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jillian F Ikin
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael J Abramson
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tracy A McCaffrey
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tyler J Lane
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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2
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Ilaghi M, Kafi F, Shafiei M, Zangiabadian M, Nasiri MJ. Dietary supplementations to mitigate the cardiopulmonary effects of air pollution toxicity: A systematic review of clinical trials. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304402. [PMID: 38870164 PMCID: PMC11175466 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a consistent association between exposure to air pollution and elevated rates of cardiopulmonary illnesses. As public health activities emphasize the paramount need to reduce exposure, it is crucial to examine strategies like the antioxidant diet that could potentially protect individuals who are unavoidably exposed. METHODS A systematic search was performed in PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov up to March 31, 2023, for clinical trials assessing dietary supplements against cardiovascular (blood pressure, heart rate, heart rate variability, brachial artery diameter, flow-mediated dilation, and lipid profile) or pulmonary outcomes (pulmonary function and airway inflammation) attributed to air pollution exposure. RESULTS After reviewing 4681 records, 18 studies were included. There were contradictory findings on the effects of fish oil and olive oil supplementations on cardiovascular outcomes. Although with limited evidence, fish oil offered protection against pulmonary dysfunction induced by pollutants. Most studies on vitamin C did not find protective cardiovascular effects; however, the combination of vitamin C and E offered protective effects against pulmonary dysfunction but showed conflicting results for cardiovascular outcomes. Other supplements like sulforaphane, L-arginine, n-acetylcysteine, and B vitamins showed potential beneficial effects but need further research due to the limited number of existing trials. CONCLUSIONS Although more research is needed to determine the efficacy and optimal dose of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant dietary supplements against air pollution toxicity, this low-cost preventative strategy has the potential to offer protection against outcomes of air pollution exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Ilaghi
- Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kafi
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Shafiei
- Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Moein Zangiabadian
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Nasiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Zhang Y, Liu H, Niu M, Wang Y, Xu R, Guo Y, Zhang C. Roles of long noncoding RNAs in human inflammatory diseases. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:235. [PMID: 38750059 PMCID: PMC11096177 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemokines, cytokines, and inflammatory cells mediate the onset and progression of many diseases through the induction of an inflammatory response. LncRNAs have emerged as important regulators of gene expression and signaling pathways. Increasing evidence suggests that lncRNAs are key players in the inflammatory response, making it a potential therapeutic target for various diseases. From the perspective of lncRNAs and inflammatory factors, we summarized the expression level and regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs in human inflammatory diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, osteoarthritis, sepsis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, acute lung injury, diabetic retinopathy, and Parkinson's disease. We also summarized the functions of lncRNAs in the macrophages polarization and discussed the potential applications of lncRNAs in human inflammatory diseases. Although our understanding of lncRNAs is still in its infancy, these data will provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Min Niu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Rong Xu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Yujia Guo
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Chunming Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
- Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China.
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Ziegler AK, Jensen JK, Jiménez-Gallardo L, Rissler J, Gudmundsson A, Nilsson JÅ, Isaksson C. Dietary fatty acids modulate oxidative stress response to air pollution but not to infection. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1391806. [PMID: 38784118 PMCID: PMC11112072 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1391806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic changes to the environment expose wildlife to many pollutants. Among these, tropospheric ozone is of global concern and a highly potent pro-oxidant. In addition, human activities include several other implications for wildlife, e.g., changed food availability and changed distribution of pathogens in cities. These co-occurring habitat changes may interact, thereby modulating the physiological responses and costs related to anthropogenic change. For instance, many food items associated with humans (e.g., food waste and feeders for wild birds) contain relatively more ω6-than ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Metabolites derived from ω6-PUFAs can enhance inflammation and oxidative stress towards a stimulus, whereas the opposite response is linked to ω3-derived metabolites. Hence, we hypothesized that differential intake of ω6-and ω3-PUFAs modulates the oxidative stress state of birds and thereby affects the responses towards pro-oxidants. To test this, we manipulated dietary ω6:ω3 ratios and ozone levels in a full-factorial experiment using captive zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). Additionally, we simulated an infection, thereby also triggering the immune system's adaptive pro-oxidant release (i.e., oxidative burst), by injecting lipopolysaccharide. Under normal air conditions, the ω3-diet birds had a lower antioxidant ratio (GSH/GSSG ratio) compared to the ω6-diet birds. When exposed to ozone, however, the diet effect disappeared. Instead, ozone exposure overall reduced the total concentration of the key antioxidant glutathione (tGSH). Moreover, the birds on the ω6-rich diet had an overall higher antioxidant capacity (OXY) compared to birds fed a ω3-rich diet. Interestingly, only the immune challenge increased oxidative damage, suggesting the oxidative burst of the immune system overrides the other pro-oxidative processes, including diet. Taken together, our results show that ozone, dietary PUFAs, and infection all affect the redox-system, but in different ways, suggesting that the underlying responses are decoupled despite that they all increase pro-oxidant exposure or generation. Despite lack of apparent cumulative effect in the independent biomarkers, the combined single effects could together reduce overall cellular functioning and efficiency over time in wild birds exposed to pathogens, ozone, and anthropogenic food sources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johan Kjellberg Jensen
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science (CEC), Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lucía Jiménez-Gallardo
- Department of Biodiversity, Ecology and Evolution, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jenny Rissler
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Bioeconomy and Health, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Gudmundsson
- Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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5
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Peno-Mazzarino L, Radionov N, Merino M, González S, Mullor JL, Jones J, Caturla N. Protective Potential of a Botanical-Based Supplement Ingredient against the Impact of Environmental Pollution on Cutaneous and Cardiopulmonary Systems: Preclinical Study. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:1530-1555. [PMID: 38392217 PMCID: PMC10887869 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is a growing threat to human health. Airborne pollution effects on respiratory, cardiovascular and skin health are well-established. The main mechanisms of air-pollution-induced health effects involve oxidative stress and inflammation. The present study evaluates the potential of a polyphenol-enriched food supplement ingredient comprising Lippia citriodora, Olea europaea, Rosmarinus officinalis, and Sophora japonica extracts in mitigating the adverse effects of environmental pollution on skin and cardiopulmonary systems. Both in vitro and ex vivo studies were used to assess the blend's effects against pollution-induced damage. In these studies, the botanical blend was found to reduce lipid peroxidation, inflammation (by reducing IL-1α), and metabolic alterations (by regulating MT-1H, AhR, and Nrf2 expression) in human skin explants exposed to a mixture of pollutants. Similar results were also observed in keratinocytes exposed to urban dust. Moreover, the ingredient significantly reduced pollutant-induced ROS production in human endothelial cells and lung fibroblasts, while downregulating the expression of apoptotic genes (bcl-2 and bax) in lung fibroblasts. Additionally, the blend counteracted the effect of urban dust on the heart rate in zebrafish embryos. These results support the potential use of this supplement as an adjuvant method to reduce the impact of environmental pollution on the skin, lungs, and cardiovascular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikita Radionov
- Laboratoire BIO-EC, Chemin de Saulxier 1, 91160 Longjumeau, France
| | - Marián Merino
- Bionos Biotech, S.L. Biopolo La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sonia González
- Bionos Biotech, S.L. Biopolo La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - José L Mullor
- Bionos Biotech, S.L. Biopolo La Fe, Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Nuria Caturla
- Monteloeder SA, Miguel Servet 16, 03203 Elche, Spain
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6
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Yang H, Zhang P, Zheng Q, Hameed MU, Raza S. Synthesis of cellulose cotton-based UiO-66 MOFs for the removal of rhodamine B and Pb(II) metal ions from contaminated wastewater. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126986. [PMID: 37739285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The presence of pollutants in drinking water has become a significant concern recently. Various substances, including activated carbon, membranes, biochar, etc., are used to remove these pollutants. In the present study, a new composite comprising cotton fabric and a mixture of Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) was synthesized and used as an adsorbent for eliminating pollutants from wastewater. At first, the UiO-66 MOFs were prepared by a simple method of reacting Zirconium (IV) chloride (ZrCl4) and p-Phthalic acid (PTA) after successful preparation of UiO-66 then modified its surface with amino functional groups by reacting with APTES to obtain UiO-66-NH2. Moreover, the cellulose cotton fabric (CF) surface was modified with Polydopamine (PDA) and obtained CF@PDA. Further, with the help of EDC-HCl and NHS, the UiO-66-NH2 grafted on the surface of the CF@PDA and finally obtained CF@PDA/UiO-66-NH2. In addition, the adsorption study was performed toward RhB dye and Pb(II) metal ion pollutants. The maximum adsorption toward RhB dye was 68.5 mg/g, while toward Pb(II) metal ions was 65 mg/g. In addition, the kinetic study was also conducted and the result favoured the Pseudo-second order kinetic study. The adsorption isotherm was also studied and the Langmuir model was more fitted as compared with the Freundlich model. Moreover, the material has excellent regeneration and recycling ability after ten cycles. The significant adsorption ability, the novel combination of cotton and MOFs, and the recycling feature make our material CF@PDA/UiO-66-NH2 a promising potential absorbent material for wastewater treatment and even in other important areas of water research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanggen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, PR China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, PR China.
| | - Qi Zheng
- Guangxi Key Lab of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, PR China.
| | - Muhammad Usman Hameed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Poonch Rawalakot, 12350, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Saleem Raza
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, Zhejiang, PR China.
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7
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Lovins HB, Bathon BE, Shaikh SR, Gowdy KM. Inhaled toxicants and pulmonary lipid metabolism: biological consequences and therapeutic interventions. Toxicol Sci 2023; 196:141-151. [PMID: 37740395 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhaled toxicants drive the onset of and exacerbate preexisting chronic pulmonary diseases, however, the biological mechanisms by which this occurs are largely unknown. Exposure to inhaled toxicants, both environmental and occupational, drives pulmonary inflammation and injury. Upon activation of the inflammatory response, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are metabolized into predominately proinflammatory lipid mediators termed eicosanoids which recruit immune cells to the site of injury, perpetuating inflammation to clear the exposed toxicants. Following inflammation, lipid mediator class-switching occurs, a process that leads to increased metabolism of hydroxylated derivates of PUFAs. These mediators, which include mono-hydroxylated PUFA derivatives and specialized proresolving lipid mediators, initiate an active process of inflammation resolution by inhibiting the inflammatory response and activating resolution pathways to return the tissue to homeostasis. Exposure to inhaled toxicants leads to alterations in the synthesis of these proinflammatory and proresolving lipid mediator pathways, resulting in greater pulmonary inflammation and injury, and increasing the risk for the onset of chronic lung diseases. Recent studies have begun utilizing supplementation of PUFAs and their metabolites as potential therapeutics for toxicant-induced pulmonary inflammation and injury. Here we will review the current understanding of the lipid mediators in pulmonary inflammation and resolution as well as the impact of dietary fatty acid supplementation on lipid mediator-driven inflammation following air pollution exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah B Lovins
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Brooke E Bathon
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Saame Raza Shaikh
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kymberly M Gowdy
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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8
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McDonald VM, Archbold G, Beyene T, Brew BK, Franklin P, Gibson PG, Harrington J, Hansbro PM, Johnston FH, Robinson PD, Sutherland M, Yates D, Zosky GR, Abramson MJ. Asthma and landscape fire smoke: A Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand position statement. Respirology 2023; 28:1023-1035. [PMID: 37712340 PMCID: PMC10946536 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Landscape fires are increasing in frequency and severity globally. In Australia, extreme bushfires cause a large and increasing health and socioeconomic burden for communities and governments. People with asthma are particularly vulnerable to the effects of landscape fire smoke (LFS) exposure. Here, we present a position statement from the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand. Within this statement we provide a review of the impact of LFS on adults and children with asthma, highlighting the greater impact of LFS on vulnerable groups, particularly older people, pregnant women and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. We also highlight the development of asthma on the background of risk factors (smoking, occupation and atopy). Within this document we present advice for asthma management, smoke mitigation strategies and access to air quality information, that should be implemented during periods of LFS. We promote clinician awareness, and the implementation of public health messaging and preparation, especially for people with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa M. McDonald
- College of Health, Medicine and WellbeingUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
- Asthma and Breathing Research ProgramThe Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI)New LambtonNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Sleep and Respiratory MedicineHunter New England Local Health DistrictNewcastleNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Gregory Archbold
- Asthma and Breathing Research ProgramThe Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI)New LambtonNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Tesfalidet Beyene
- College of Health, Medicine and WellbeingUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
- Asthma and Breathing Research ProgramThe Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI)New LambtonNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Bronwyn K. Brew
- National Perinatal Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Centre for Big Data Research in Health, Discipline of Women's Health, Faculty of MedicineUNSWSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Peter Franklin
- School of Population and Global HealthThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Peter G. Gibson
- College of Health, Medicine and WellbeingUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
- Asthma and Breathing Research ProgramThe Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI)New LambtonNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Sleep and Respiratory MedicineHunter New England Local Health DistrictNewcastleNew South WalesAustralia
| | - John Harrington
- Asthma and Breathing Research ProgramThe Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI)New LambtonNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Sleep and Respiratory MedicineHunter New England Local Health DistrictNewcastleNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Philip M. Hansbro
- Centre for InflammationCentenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of ScienceSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Immune HealthHunter Medical Research Institute and The University of NewcastleCallaghanNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Fay H. Johnston
- Menzies Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Paul D. Robinson
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep MedicineQueensland Children's HospitalBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Children's Health and Environment Program, Child Health Research CentreUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | | | - Deborah Yates
- Department of Thoracic MedicineSt Vincent's HospitalDarlinghurstNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Clinical MedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Graeme R. Zosky
- Menzies Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
- Tasmanian School of MedicineUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Michael J. Abramson
- School of Public Health & Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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9
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Townsend JR, Kirby TO, Sapp PA, Gonzalez AM, Marshall TM, Esposito R. Nutrient synergy: definition, evidence, and future directions. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1279925. [PMID: 37899823 PMCID: PMC10600480 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1279925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrient synergy refers to the concept that the combined effects of two or more nutrients working together have a greater physiological impact on the body than when each nutrient is consumed individually. While nutrition science traditionally focuses on isolating single nutrients to study their effects, it is recognized that nutrients interact in complex ways, and their combined consumption can lead to additive effects. Additionally, the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) provide guidelines to prevent nutrient deficiencies and excessive intake but are not designed to assess the potential synergistic effects of consuming nutrients together. Even the term synergy is often applied in different manners depending on the scientific discipline. Considering these issues, the aim of this narrative review is to investigate the potential health benefits of consuming different nutrients and nutrient supplements in combination, a concept we define as nutrient synergy, which has gained considerable attention for its impact on overall well-being. We will examine how nutrient synergy affects major bodily systems, influencing systemic health. Additionally, we will address the challenges associated with promoting and conducting research on this topic, while proposing potential solutions to enhance the quality and quantity of scientific literature on nutrient synergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy R. Townsend
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV, United States
- Health & Human Performance, Concordia University Chicago, River Forest, IL, United States
| | - Trevor O. Kirby
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV, United States
| | - Philip A. Sapp
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV, United States
| | - Adam M. Gonzalez
- Department of Allied Health and Kinesiology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Tess M. Marshall
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV, United States
| | - Ralph Esposito
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV, United States
- Department of Nutrition, Food Studies, and Public Health, New York University-Steinhardt, New York, NY, United States
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10
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Fekete M, Csípő T, Fazekas-Pongor V, Bálint M, Csizmadia Z, Tarantini S, Varga JT. The Possible Role of Food and Diet in the Quality of Life in Patients with COPD-A State-of-the-Art Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3902. [PMID: 37764686 PMCID: PMC10536642 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet has been described as a modifiable risk factor for the development and progression of chronic diseases, and emerging evidence increasingly points to its preventive and therapeutic role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). While the relationship between the underlying disease and diet is natural in conditions such as metabolic disorders, obesity, diabetes, etc., the direct effect is not so evident in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Poor diet quality and the development of nutrient deficiencies in respiratory diseases, including COPD, can be associated with disease-specific factors such as the exacerbation of respiratory symptoms. These symptoms can be improved by dietary interventions, leading to positive changes in the pathogenesis of the disease and the quality of life of patients. Therefore, our aim was to review the latest randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of dietary interventions in chronic respiratory patients and describe their effects on respiratory function, physical activity, systemic inflammatory parameters, and quality of life. We conducted a literature search on dietary interventions for COPD patients in the PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases, focusing on publications from 1 July 2018 to 1 July 2023. We used specific keywords and MESH terms, focusing on RCTs. A total of 26 articles and 1811 COPD patients were included in this review. On the basis of our findings, dietary interventions, in particular components of the Mediterranean diet such as protein, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and vegetables, appear to have beneficial effects in patients with chronic respiratory diseases, and their application is beneficial. However, long-term follow-up studies are still needed to examine the effects of dietary interventions in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónika Fekete
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (M.F.); (T.C.); (V.F.-P.); (M.B.)
| | - Tamás Csípő
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (M.F.); (T.C.); (V.F.-P.); (M.B.)
| | - Vince Fazekas-Pongor
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (M.F.); (T.C.); (V.F.-P.); (M.B.)
| | - Madarász Bálint
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (M.F.); (T.C.); (V.F.-P.); (M.B.)
| | - Zoltán Csizmadia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, 7621 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Oklahoma Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - János Tamás Varga
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
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11
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Vijay B, Diwan B, Devkumar P, Shankar P, Vishnuprasad CN, Singh G, Kataria D, Shankar D. Nasal application of sesame oil-based Anu taila as 'biological mask' for respiratory health during COVID-19. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2023; 14:100773. [PMID: 37660545 PMCID: PMC10692365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This article narrates the potential role of sesame oil-based Anu taila for respiratory health and the prevention of COVID-19. Ayurveda recommends the use of sesame oil and A. taila as a part of daily routine (dinacharya) for oral gargling and transnasal application (Nasya) for preventing upper respiratory tract infections. Recent studies on COVID-19 have elucidated the activity of certain fatty acids in restricting viral binding. Based on the evidence gathered from in-silico, pre-clinical, and pharmacological studies as well as references from classical textbooks of Ayurveda, this article infers that the transnasal application of sesame oil and/or A. taila could provide resilience/protection to the respiratory system. It can act as a 'biological mask' to prevent respiratory infections like COVID-19. Detailed pharmacological study can give fuller confirmation of our informed "inference" that A. taila offers a cost-effective intervention for the prevention of COVID-19 like infections of the upper respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavya Vijay
- Centre for Clinical Research and Education, The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology, Bangalore, India
| | - Batul Diwan
- Centre for Ayurveda Biology and Holistic Nutrition, The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology, Bangalore, India
| | - Poornima Devkumar
- Centre for Clinical Research and Education, The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology, Bangalore, India
| | - Prasan Shankar
- Centre for Clinical Research and Education, The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology, Bangalore, India
| | - Chethala N Vishnuprasad
- Centre for Ayurveda Biology and Holistic Nutrition, The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology, Bangalore, India.
| | - Gurmeet Singh
- Centre for Ayurveda Biology and Holistic Nutrition, The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology, Bangalore, India
| | - Deepshikha Kataria
- Centre for Clinical Research and Education, The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology, Bangalore, India; Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, F4, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | - Darshan Shankar
- The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology, Bangalore, India
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Han L, Wang Q. Associations of brominated flame retardants exposure with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A US population-based cross-sectional analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1138811. [PMID: 36969665 PMCID: PMC10036799 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1138811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundsWhether there existed an association between brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) prevalence in humans is still a mystery.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between serum single or mixture BFRs and COPD prevalence.MethodsData of 7,591 participants from NHANES 2007–2016 was utilized. Serum BFRs, including PBDE-28, PBDE-47, PBDE-85, PBDE-99, PBDE-100, PBDE-154, PBDE-183, PBDE-209, and PBB-153 were enrolled. The survey-weighted generalized logistic regression model, restricted cubic splines (RCS), weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, and quantile-based g-computation (QGC) analysis were performed.ResultsAfter adjustment for all confounding factors, log-transformed continuous serum PBDE-28 (OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.10–1.85; P = 0.01), PBDE-47 (OR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.11–1.75; P = 0.005), PBDE-85 (OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.09–1.57; P = 0.005), PBDE-99 (OR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.05–1.54; P = 0.02), PBDE-100 (OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.08–1.66; P = 0.01), PBDE-154 (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.07–1.55; P = 0.01), PBDE-183 (OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.04–1.66; P = 0.02), and PBB-153 (OR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.03–1.53; P = 0.03) were positively correlated with the prevalence of COPD. Restricted cubic splines curves displayed that PBDE-209 was significantly associated with CPOD in an inverted U-shape (P = 0.03). A significant interaction between being male and a high prevalence of COPD was observed for PBDE-28 (P for interaction <0.05), PBDE-47 (P for interaction <0.05), PBDE-85 (P for interaction <0.05), PBDE-99 (P for interaction <0.05), PBDE-100 (P for interaction <0.05), and PBB-153 (P for interaction < 0.05). Mixture BFRs exposure was positively associated with COPD prevalence in WQS regression (OR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.14–1.72, P = 0.002) and in QGC analysis (OR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.27–1.74, P < 0.001).ConclusionsOur study confirms that individual and mixture BFRs had positive associations with COPD, and further studies are required in larger-scale populations.
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Liang H, Zhou X, Zhu Y, Li D, Jing D, Su X, Pan P, Liu H, Zhang Y. Association of outdoor air pollution, lifestyle, genetic factors with the risk of lung cancer: A prospective cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 218:114996. [PMID: 36481370 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The effect of air pollution exposure on incident lung cancer remains uncertain, and the modifying role of lifestyle and genetic susceptibility in association between air pollution and lung cancer is ambiguous. METHODS A total of 367,623 participants from UK biobank cohort were enrolled in the analysis. The concentrations of particle matter (PM2.5, PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and nitrogen oxides (NOx), were evaluated by land-use regression model. Cox proportional hazard model was applied to assess the associations between air pollution and incident lung cancer. A lifestyle risk score and a polygenic risk score were established to investigate whether lifestyle and heritable risk could modify the effect of air pollution on lung cancer risk. RESULTS Per interquartile range (IQR) increment in annual concentrations of PM2.5 (HR = 1.22, 95% CI, 1.15∼1.30), NO2 (HR = 1.19, 95% CI, 1.10∼1.27), and NOx (HR = 1.14, 95% CI, 1.09∼1.20) were associated with increased risk of lung cancer. We observed an additive interaction between air pollution including PM2.5 and NOx and lifestyle or genetic risk. Individuals with high air pollution exposure, poor lifestyle and high genetic risk had the highest risk of incident lung cancer. CONCLUSION Long-term exposures to air pollution is associated with increased risk of lung cancer, and this effect was modified by lifestyle or genetic risk. Integrated interventions for environmental pollution by government and adherence to healthy lifestyle by individuals are advocated for lung cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaying Liang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China; Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China; Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China; Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China; Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yiqun Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China; Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China; Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Dianwu Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China; Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China; Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Danrong Jing
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoli Su
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China; Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China; Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Pinhua Pan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China; Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China; Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Hong Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China; Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China; Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China; Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China; Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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Kalia V, Kulick ER, Vardarajan B, Gu Y, Manly JJ, Elkind MS, Kaufman JD, Jones DP, Baccarelli AA, Mayeux R, Kioumourtzoglou MA, Miller GW. Linking Air Pollution Exposure to Blood-Based Metabolic Features in a Community-Based Aging Cohort with and without Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:1025-1040. [PMID: 37927256 PMCID: PMC10741333 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term exposure to air pollution has been associated with changes in levels of metabolites measured in the peripheral blood. However, most research has been conducted in ethnically homogenous, young or middle-aged populations. OBJECTIVE To study the relationship between the plasma metabolome and long-term exposure to three air pollutants: particulate matter (PM) less than 2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5), PM less than 10μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in an ethnically diverse, older population. METHODS Plasma metabolomic profiles of 107 participants of the Washington Heights and Inwood Community Aging Project in New York City, collected from 1995-2015, including non-Hispanic white, Caribbean Hispanic, and non-Hispanic Black older adults were used. We estimated the association between each metabolic feature and predicted annual mean exposure to the air pollutants using three approaches: 1) A metabolome wide association study framework; 2) Feature selection using elastic net regression; and 3) A multivariate approach using partial-least squares discriminant analysis. RESULTS 79 features associated with exposure to PM2.5 but none associated with PM10 or NO2. PM2.5 exposure was associated with altered amino acid metabolism, energy production, and oxidative stress response, pathways also associated with Alzheimer's disease. Three metabolites were associated with PM2.5 exposure through all three approaches: cysteinylglycine disulfide, a diglyceride, and a dicarboxylic acid. The relationship between several features and PM2.5 exposure was modified by diet and metabolic diseases. CONCLUSIONS These relationships uncover the mechanisms through which PM2.5 exposure can lead to altered metabolic outcomes in an older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrinda Kalia
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erin R. Kulick
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Temple University College of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Badri Vardarajan
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yian Gu
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer J. Manly
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mitchell S.V. Elkind
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joel D. Kaufman
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Medicine, and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dean P. Jones
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrea A. Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Gary W. Miller
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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15
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Recent advances in respiratory diseases: Dietary carotenoids as choice of therapeutics. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113786. [PMID: 36271564 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Marzec JM, Nadadur SS. Inflammation resolution in environmental pulmonary health and morbidity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 449:116070. [PMID: 35618031 PMCID: PMC9872158 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and resolution are dynamic processes comprised of inflammatory activation and neutrophil influx, followed by mediator catabolism and efferocytosis. These critical pathways ensure a return to homeostasis and promote repair. Over the past decade research has shown that diverse mediators play a role in the active process of resolution. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), biosynthesized from fatty acids, are released during inflammation to facilitate resolution and are deficient in a variety of lung disorders. Failed resolution results in remodeling and cellular deposition through pro-fibrotic myofibroblast expansion that irreversibly narrows the airways and worsens lung function. Recent studies indicate environmental exposures may perturb and deregulate critical resolution pathways. Environmental xenobiotics induce lung inflammation and generate reactive metabolites that promote oxidative stress, injuring the respiratory mucosa and impairing gas-exchange. This warrants recognition of xenobiotic associated molecular patterns (XAMPs) as new signals in the field of inflammation biology, as many environmental chemicals generate free radicals capable of initiating the inflammatory response. Recent studies suggest that unresolved, persistent inflammation impacts both resolution pathways and endogenous regulatory mediators, compromising lung function, which over time can progress to chronic lung disease. Chronic ozone (O3) exposure overwhelms successful resolution, and in susceptible individuals promotes asthma onset. The industrial contaminant cadmium (Cd) bioaccumulates in the lung to impair resolution, and recurrent inflammation can result in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Persistent particulate matter (PM) exposure increases systemic cardiopulmonary inflammation, which reduces lung function and can exacerbate asthma, COPD, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). While recurrent inflammation underlies environmentally induced pulmonary morbidity and may drive the disease process, our understanding of inflammation resolution in this context is limited. This review aims to explore inflammation resolution biology and its role in chronic environmental lung disease(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqui M Marzec
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Srikanth S Nadadur
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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Yong SB, Gau SY, Guo YC, Wei JCC. Allergy from perspective of environmental pollution effects: from an aspect of atopic dermatitis, immune system, and atmospheric hazards-a narrative review of current evidences. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:57091-57101. [PMID: 35759095 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21582-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution has become more diversified in recent years as technologies for urbanization is increasingly more advanced. Several environmental factors such as air and water pollutants have been linked to allergic symptoms. For instance, because of industrialization for city development in many countries, polluted soil or tiny particles in the air could result in an even more hazardous environment for people to reside. Aside from the aspects of environmental issues, other newly emerging factors such as the electromagnetic field (EMF) also require further investigation. Here, in this narrative review, we focused on allergens from atmospheric and water pollution, hygiene improvement, changes in food trend, and residential environmental pollution. Current evidences regarding the association between various pollutants and the potential clinical diseases could be induced. For people with high skin exposure to air pollutants such as PM 2.5, PM 10, or sulfur dioxide, potential onset of dermatological allergic events should be alerted. The mechanisms involved in allergic diseases are being discussed and summarized. Interactions between immunological mechanisms and clinical implications could potentially provide clearer view to the association between allergic status and pollutants. Moreover, understanding the mechanistic role of allergens can raise awareness to global environment and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Boon Yong
- Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, Rheumatology, Lin-Shin Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shuo-Yan Gau
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Chen Guo
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - James Cheng-Chung Wei
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South District, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Bondonno NP, Parmenter BH, Dalgaard F, Murray K, Rasmussen DB, Kyrø C, Cassidy A, Bondonno CP, Lewis JR, Croft KD, Gislason G, Scalbert A, Tjønneland A, Overvad K, Olsen A, Hodgson JM. Flavonoid intakes inversely associate with COPD in smokers. Eur Respir J 2022; 60:2102604. [PMID: 35058251 PMCID: PMC9363846 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02604-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Higher flavonoid intakes are beneficially associated with pulmonary function parameters; however, their association with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is unknown. This study aimed to examine associations between intakes of 1) total flavonoids, 2) flavonoid subclasses and 3) major flavonoid compounds with incident COPD in participants from the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health study. METHODS This prospective cohort included 55 413 men and women without COPD, aged 50-65 years at recruitment. Habitual flavonoid intakes at baseline were estimated from a food frequency questionnaire using Phenol-Explorer. Danish nationwide registers were used to identify incident cases of COPD. Associations were modelled using restricted cubic splines within Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS During 23 years of follow-up, 5557 participants were diagnosed with COPD. Of these, 4013 were current smokers, 1062 were former smokers and 482 were never-smokers. After multivariable adjustments, participants with the highest total flavonoid intakes had a 20% lower risk of COPD than those with the lowest intakes (quintile 5 versus quintile 1: HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.74-0.87); a 6-22% lower risk was observed for each flavonoid subclass. The inverse association between total flavonoid intake and COPD was present in both men and women but only in current smokers (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.70-0.84) and former smokers (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.69-0.97), not never-smokers. Furthermore, higher flavonoid intakes appeared to lessen, but not negate, the higher risk of COPD associated with smoking intensity. CONCLUSION Dietary flavonoids may be important for partially mitigating the risk of smoking-related COPD. However, smoking cessation should remain the highest priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola P. Bondonno
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- The Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Benjamin H. Parmenter
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Frederik Dalgaard
- Dept of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kevin Murray
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Daniel Bech Rasmussen
- Respiratory Research Unit Zealand, Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Naestved Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Naestved, Denmark
- Dept of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Kyrø
- The Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aedin Cassidy
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Catherine P. Bondonno
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Perth, Australia
| | - Joshua R. Lewis
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Perth, Australia
| | - Kevin D. Croft
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Gunnar Gislason
- Dept of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- The Danish Heart Foundation, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Anne Tjønneland
- The Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Dept of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Overvad
- Dept of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anja Olsen
- The Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Dept of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jonathan M. Hodgson
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Perth, Australia
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Finicelli M, Di Salle A, Galderisi U, Peluso G. The Mediterranean Diet: An Update of the Clinical Trials. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142956. [PMID: 35889911 PMCID: PMC9317652 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) is a term used to identify a dietary pattern originating from the unique multi-millennial interplay between natural food resources and the eating practices of people living in the Mediterranean basin. Scientific evidence has described the healthy properties of the MedDiet and its beneficial role in several pathological conditions. Nevertheless, current socio-economic trends have moved people away from this healthy lifestyle. Thus, clinical and biological evidence supporting the benefits of the MedDiet is needed to overcome these limitations. Clinical nutrition research examines the effects of dietary interventions on biological or health-related outcomes in a determined study population. The evidence produced by these studies is useful for dietary guidance and public health messaging. We provided an update of the clinical trials registered on the database clinicaltrials.gov evaluating the effects of the MedDiet on health and specific diseases. Our findings revealed an increased number of clinical trials in the last decade and found that most disease-related studies focused on cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, and cancer. The majority of MedDiet’s beneficial effects could be primarily related to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties as well as the effectiveness of this dietary pattern in controlling waist circumference and obesity. Moreover, strict and long-lasting adherence to the MedDiet as well as the beneficial effects of specific components (e.g., olive oil or its polyphenols) seem to emerge as useful insights for interventional improvements. These findings present further insights into the MedDiet’s resources and how it could strengthen overall public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Finicelli
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (G.P.); Tel.: +39-081-6132-553 (M.F.); +39-081-6132-280 (G.P.)
| | - Anna Di Salle
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Umberto Galderisi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Santa Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Gianfranco Peluso
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via di Sant’Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.F.); (G.P.); Tel.: +39-081-6132-553 (M.F.); +39-081-6132-280 (G.P.)
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20
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Sun HZ, Yu P, Lan C, Wan MW, Hickman S, Murulitharan J, Shen H, Yuan L, Guo Y, Archibald AT. Cohort-based long-term ozone exposure-associated mortality risks with adjusted metrics: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Innovation (N Y) 2022; 3:100246. [PMID: 35519514 PMCID: PMC9065904 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2022.100246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term ozone (O3) exposure may lead to non-communicable diseases and increase mortality risk. However, cohort-based studies are relatively rare, and inconsistent exposure metrics impair the credibility of epidemiological evidence synthetization. To provide more accurate meta-estimations, this study updates existing systematic reviews by including recent studies and summarizing the quantitative associations between O3 exposure and cause-specific mortality risks, based on unified exposure metrics. Cross-metric conversion factors were estimated linearly by decadal observations during 1990-2019. The Hunter-Schmidt random-effects estimator was applied to pool the relative risks. A total of 25 studies involving 226,453,067 participants (14 unique cohorts covering 99,855,611 participants) were included in the systematic review. After linearly unifying the inconsistent O3 exposure metrics , the pooled relative risks associated with every 10 nmol mol-1 (ppbV) incremental O3 exposure, by mean of the warm-season daily maximum 8-h average metric, were as follows: 1.014 with 95% confidence interval (CI) ranging 1.009-1.019 for all-cause mortality; 1.025 (95% CI: 1.010-1.040) for respiratory mortality; 1.056 (95% CI: 1.029-1.084) for COPD mortality; 1.019 (95% CI: 1.004-1.035) for cardiovascular mortality; and 1.074 (95% CI: 1.054-1.093) for congestive heart failure mortality. Insignificant mortality risk associations were found for ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular diseases, and lung cancer. Adjustment for exposure metrics laid a solid foundation for multi-study meta-analysis, and widening coverage of surface O3 observations is expected to strengthen the cross-metric conversion in the future. Ever-growing numbers of epidemiological studies supported the evidence for considerable cardiopulmonary hazards and all-cause mortality risks from long-term O3 exposure. However, evidence of long-term O3 exposure-associated health effects was still scarce, so more relevant studies are needed to cover more populations with regional diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitong Zhe Sun
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK
| | - Pei Yu
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Changxin Lan
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Michelle W.L. Wan
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Sebastian Hickman
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Jayaprakash Murulitharan
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Huizhong Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Le Yuan
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Yuming Guo
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Alexander T. Archibald
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
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21
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Wang L, Xie J, Hu Y, Tian Y. Air pollution and risk of chronic obstructed pulmonary disease: The modifying effect of genetic susceptibility and lifestyle. EBioMedicine 2022; 79:103994. [PMID: 35417845 PMCID: PMC9018147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of long-term exposure to air pollution on the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is still controversial, and the role of the interactions of air pollution with genetic risk and lifestyle in COPD risk is unclear. METHODS We included 452762 participants derived from the UK Biobank. Annual concentrations of air pollutions, including particle matter (PM2.5, PM10), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), were assessed using land-use regression model. We applied Cox proportional hazard model to evaluate the associations between air pollution and COPD risk. In addition, we constructed a polygenic risk score and a lifestyle score, and assessed whether genetic susceptibility and lifestyle modified the effect of air pollution on the COPD risk. FINDINGS Each interquartile range (IQR) increase in annual concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, NOx, and NO2 was associated with 1.17 (95% CI: 1.15,1.19), 1.05 (95% CI: 1.03,1.06), 1.13 (95% CI: 1.11,1.14), and 1.19 (95% CI: 1.16,1.21) times the risk of COPD, respectively. We observed an additive interaction between PM2.5 and genetic risk (P-interact=0.095), and a negative interaction between PM2.5 and lifestyle (P-interact=0.062). The HRs for each IQR increase in PM2.5 were 1.21, (95% CI: 1.16-1.25) and 1.24, (95% CI: 1.21-1.26) in individuals with healthy and unfavourable lifestyle, respectively; and 1.16, (95% CI: 1.13-1.19) and 1.19, (95% CI: 1.16-1.22) in those with low genetic risk and high genetic risk, respectively. Participants with high air pollution exposure, high genetic risk and unfavourable lifestyle showed the highest risk of COPD. INTERPRETATION Long-term exposure to air pollution was associated with increased risk of COPD, especially in those with high genetic risk and unfavourable lifestyle. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulin Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Junqing Xie
- Center for Statistics in Medicine, NDORMS, University of Oxford, The Botnar Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Yonghua Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yaohua Tian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China.
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22
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Bougault V, Adami PE, Sewry N, Fitch K, Carlsten C, Villiger B, Schwellnus M, Schobersberger W. Environmental factors associated with non-infective acute respiratory illness in athletes: A systematic review by a subgroup of the IOC consensus group on “acute respiratory illness in the athlete”. J Sci Med Sport 2022; 25:466-473. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Porro C, La Torre ME, Tartaglia N, Benameur T, Santini M, Ambrosi A, Messina G, Cibelli G, Fiorelli A, Polito R, Messina G. The Potential Role of Nutrition in Lung Cancer Establishment and Progression. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020270. [PMID: 35207557 PMCID: PMC8877211 DOI: 10.3390/life12020270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a devastating disease with a high incidence and low survival rates, so recent studies have focused on analyzing the risk factors that might prevent this disease from developing or have protective/therapeutic effects. Nutrition is an important key factor in the prevention and treatment of lung cancer. Various factors appear to be involved in the development of the latter, such as cigarette smoking or certain external environmental factors. The increase in oxidative stress is therefore an integral part of the carcinogenesis process. The biological role of bioactive factors derived from adipose tissue, mainly adipokines, is implicated in various cancers, and an increasing body of evidence has shown that certain adipocytokines contribute to the development, progression and prognosis of lung cancer. Not all adipokines stimulate tumor growth; in fact, adiponectin inhibits carcinogenesis by regulating both cell growth and the levels of inflammatory cytokines. Adiponectin expression is deregulated in several cancer types. Many nutritional factors have been shown to increase adiponectin levels and therefore could be used as a new therapeutic strategy for combating lung cancer. In addition, foods with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties play a key role in the prevention of many human diseases, including lung cancer. The purpose of this review is to analyze the role of diet in lung cancer in order to recommend dietary habit and lifestyle changes to prevent or treat this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Porro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (C.P.); (M.E.L.T.); (G.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Maria Ester La Torre
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (C.P.); (M.E.L.T.); (G.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Nicola Tartaglia
- Department of Medical Additionally, Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (N.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Tarek Benameur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mario Santini
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Antonio Ambrosi
- Department of Medical Additionally, Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy; (N.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (C.P.); (M.E.L.T.); (G.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Cibelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (C.P.); (M.E.L.T.); (G.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Alfonso Fiorelli
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.S.); (G.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.F.); or (R.P.)
| | - Rita Polito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (C.P.); (M.E.L.T.); (G.M.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.F.); or (R.P.)
| | - Gaetana Messina
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.S.); (G.M.)
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Chiu YHM, Carroll KN, Coull BA, Kannan S, Wilson A, Wright RJ. Prenatal Fine Particulate Matter, Maternal Micronutrient Antioxidant Intake, and Early Childhood Repeated Wheeze: Effect Modification by Race/Ethnicity and Sex. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:366. [PMID: 35204249 PMCID: PMC8868511 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) potentiates in utero oxidative stress influencing fetal development while antioxidants have potential protective effects. We examined associations among prenatal PM2.5, maternal antioxidant intake, and childhood wheeze in an urban pregnancy cohort (n = 530). Daily PM2.5 exposure over gestation was estimated using a satellite-based spatiotemporally resolved model. Mothers completed the modified Block98 food frequency questionnaire. Average energy-adjusted percentile intake of β-carotene, vitamins (A, C, E), and trace minerals (zinc, magnesium, selenium) constituted an antioxidant index (AI). Maternal-reported child wheeze was ascertained up to 4.1 ± 2.8 years. Bayesian distributed lag interaction models (BDLIMs) were used to examine time-varying associations between prenatal PM2.5 and repeated wheeze (≥2 episodes) and effect modification by AI, race/ethnicity, and child sex. Covariates included maternal age, education, asthma, and temperature. Women were 39% Black and 33% Hispanic, 36% with ≤high school education; 21% of children had repeated wheeze. Higher AI was associated with decreased wheeze in Blacks (OR = 0.37 (0.19-0.73), per IQR increase). BDLIMs identified a sensitive window for PM2.5 effects on wheeze among boys born to Black mothers with low AI (at 33-40 weeks gestation; OR = 1.74 (1.19-2.54), per µg/m3 increase in PM2.5). Relationships among prenatal PM2.5, antioxidant intake, and child wheeze were modified by race/ethnicity and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Hsiu Mathilda Chiu
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, P.O. Box 1057, New York, NY 10029, USA; (Y.-H.M.C.); (K.N.C.)
- Kravis Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kecia N. Carroll
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, P.O. Box 1057, New York, NY 10029, USA; (Y.-H.M.C.); (K.N.C.)
- Kravis Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Brent A. Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Srimathi Kannan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA;
| | - Ander Wilson
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
| | - Rosalind J. Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, P.O. Box 1057, New York, NY 10029, USA; (Y.-H.M.C.); (K.N.C.)
- Kravis Children’s Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- The Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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25
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Mu N, Wang H, Chen D, Wang F, Ji L, Zhang C, Li M, Lu P. A Novel Rat Model of Dry Eye Induced by Aerosol Exposure of Particulate Matter. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:39. [PMID: 35089331 PMCID: PMC8802024 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.1.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to introduce a novel dry eye rat model induced by aerosol exposure of particulate matter (PM). Methods A total of 30 female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats divided into 3 groups: the control group, the low-level exposed group, and the high-level exposed group. The rats in the experience groups were directly exposed to PM samples in the exposure chamber over 14 days. The clinical observation, including tear volume, corneal fluorescein staining, breakup time (BUT), inflammation index, corneal irregularity score, and corneal confocal microscopy. Eyeballs were collected on day 14 for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and PAS staining. TUNEL assay, CD45, and Ki67 immunostaining was performed and corneal ultrastructural changes were detected by electron microscopy. IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and NF-κB Western blot analysis were used to observe the possible pathogenesis. Results In the PM-treated groups, the number of layers in the corneal epithelium and corneal nerve fiber length were significantly decreased compared with that of the control group. The number of corneal epithelial microvilli and chondriosome/desmosomes were drastically reduced in PM-treated groups. Confocal microscopy and CD45 immunohistochemistry showed inflammatory cell infiltration in the PM-treated groups. PM caused apoptosis of corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells while leading to abnormal epithelial cell proliferation, meanwhile, conjunctival goblet cells in the PM-treated group were also significantly reduced. PM significantly increased the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and p-NF-κB-p65 in the cornea. Conclusions Aerosol exposure of PM can reduce the stability of tear film and cause the change of ocular surface, which is similar to the performance of human dry eye, suggesting a novel animal model of dry eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Mu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, , Jiangsu Province, P.R. China.,Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of XuZhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of XuZhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Dongyan Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of XuZhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of XuZhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Ling Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of XuZhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Can Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of XuZhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Mingxin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of XuZhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Peirong Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, , Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
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26
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Marín-Hinojosa C, Eraso CC, Sanchez-Lopez V, Hernández LC, Otero-Candelera R, Lopez-Campos JL. Nutriepigenomics and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: potential role of dietary and epigenetics factors in disease development and management. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:1894-1906. [PMID: 34477827 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over recent decades, a number of studies have revealed the possible role of different types of diets, as well as the nutritional elements they are made up of, in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To date, dietary factors have been identified to play a role in the prevention of COPD, with evidence from antioxidant nutrients, vitamins, and fiber intake. Additionally, certain dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet, together with other Western diets, provide evidence of the influence on COPD development, promoting lung health through nutritional approaches, and giving us an opportunity for intervention. The effect of diet on COPD is conveyed by 3 mechanisms: regulation of inflammation, oxidative stress, and carbon dioxide produced/oxygen intake. Current advances have begun to highlight the possible role of diet in modifying gene expression in certain individuals that predisposes them to COPD through epigenetic modifications. The relation between dietary intake and epigenetic factors has therefore outlined nutriepigenomics as a possible missing link in the relation between environmental exposure to smoke and the appearance of a subsequent chronic bronchial obstruction. This review summarizes the evidence regarding the influence of dietary patterns and nutrients and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms on COPD development and prevention with the aim of encouraging clinical research on the impact of dietary modifications on COPD-related clinical outcomes. This review highlights the importance of proposing and carrying out future studies focused on the modulating effects of certain nutrients on epigenetic changes in patients with specific COPD phenotypes (bronchiectasis, emphysema, asthma/COPD, chronic bronchitis), and their individual responses to cigarette smoking, environmental pollution, or other noxious particles. The objectives of these future studies must be directed to the development of novel therapeutic approaches and personalized management of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Marín-Hinojosa
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Candelaria Caballero Eraso
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Veronica Sanchez-Lopez
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Carrasco Hernández
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Remedios Otero-Candelera
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Lopez-Campos
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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27
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Shen Q, Jiang Y, Chen J, Wang X, Zheng J. A Novel Curcumin-Based Drug Powder Inhalation Medicine for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2021; 2021:8001787. [PMID: 34880911 PMCID: PMC8648444 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8001787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The dry powder inhaler is a new form of drug delivery that is widely used as an alternative to traditional drug delivery methods, addressing the shortcomings of traditional drug delivery methods and obtaining better therapeutic results. This mode of delivery is also one of the most rational ways to treat pulmonary diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Curcumin, a natural polyphenol, has been shown to be effective in the treatment of COPD. In this study, different concentrations of curcumin ethanol solution were spray dried with mannitol as a carrier to obtain dry powder particles with different particle size distribution for the preparation of curcumin dry powder inhaler. The solubility and physicochemical properties were further characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy. The characterization results showed that the product obtained in the experiment had reasonable particle size distribution and excellent solubility properties, which were positive for the treatment of COPD or other pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Shen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha 410005, China
| | - Yongjie Jiang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Zhengzhou Big Bridge Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha 410005, China
| | - Xueling Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Lung Function Room, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha 410005, China
| | - Jiao Zheng
- Drug Clinical Trial Institution Department, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First-Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha 410005, China
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Mendez AD, Escobar M, Romero M, Wojcicki JM. Overcrowding and exposure to secondhand smoke increase risk for COVID-19 infection among Latinx families in the greater San Francisco Bay Area. Tob Induc Dis 2021; 19:79. [PMID: 34712109 PMCID: PMC8507798 DOI: 10.18332/tid/140827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Environmental risk factors, including community level pollution burden and exposure to smoking and secondhand smoke, have not been evaluated in relation to risk for infection with COVID-19 in high risk, urban Latinx families. METHODS We evaluated risk factors for COVID-19 infection in three, preexisting, longitudinal, Latinx family cohorts in the San Francisco Bay Area from May through September 2020 (N=383 households, 1875 people). All households were previously recruited before the pandemic. For the COVID-19 sub-study, participants responded to a telephone interview where we assessed food consumption patterns, housing and employment status, and history of COVID-19 infection. Secondhand smoke exposure was based on previously collected selfreported data, and environmental pollution exposure was determined from census tract residence. Non-parametric tests and multiple logistic regression were used to assess independent predictors of COVID-19 infection. RESULTS Larger household size increased risk for infection (OR=1.58; 95% CI: 1.12–2.23, p<0.01) as did increasing number of children in household (OR=3.79; 95% CI: 1.51–9.56). Any exposure to secondhand smoke was also associated with increased risk for COVID infection (OR 4.69; 95% CI: 1.01–21.85) and having a greater number of family members eating at home was protective against infection (OR=0.10; 95% CI: 0.02–0.52, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Crowding, as indicated by larger household size, increases risk for COVID-19 infection in Latinx families, as does exposure to secondhand smoke. Public policy and health interventions need to ensure that multiunit residential complexes do not allow exposure to secondhand smoke between units, that individuals eat in the home environment, and that large households can safely separate individuals exposed to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea DeCastro Mendez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Milagro Escobar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Maria Romero
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Janet M Wojcicki
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
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Salamanca-González P, Valls-Zamora RM, Pedret-Figuerola A, Sorlí-Aguilar M, Santigosa-Ayala A, Catalin RE, Pallejà-Millán M, Solà-Alberich R, Martin-Lujan F. Effectiveness of a Motivational Nutritional Intervention through Social Networks 2.0 to Increase Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Improve Lung Function in Active Smokers: The DIET Study, a Randomized, Controlled and Parallel Clinical Trial in Primary Care. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103597. [PMID: 34684600 PMCID: PMC8538243 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diet can help preserve lung function in smokers, as well as aid individuals who avoid smoking. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a nutritional intervention, using the Social Networks 2.0 tool, to increase adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and improve lung function in smokers without prior respiratory disease. Methods: A randomized controlled parallel design was used. The participants were assigned to either the intervention or control group. Data from representative smokers without respiratory disease (n = 77) aged 18–70 years were analyzed. The participants completed a validated semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire, and their adherence to the diet was evaluated by using the questionnaire called the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Score (MEDAS, with 14 items), which considers ≥9 points to indicate high adherence. The lung function was assessed by spirometry. Associations among variables were determined by logistic regression. Results: A comparison of the variables at the end of the study between the control and intervention groups showed that the intervention significantly increased adherence to the MD based on the MEDAS questionnaire (0.69 (2.1) vs. 2.05 (2.03); p = 0.009). Specifically, the consumption of fruits was increased after two years in both groups; however, a more significant increase was detected in the intervention group (121 (178) vs. 12.7 (167) in the control group; p-value = 0.008). In the unadjusted analysis, the intervention only showed a statistical significant increase in the score of adherence to the MD (β: 1.36; 95% CI 0.35; 2.3; p = 0.009), and this increase was maintained after adjusting for age and sex (β: 1.15; 95% CI 0.05; 2.2; p = 0.040) and after adjusting for various sociodemographic, lifestyle and anthropometric variables (β: 1.17; 95% CI 0.02; 2.31; p = 0.046). The pulmonary function parameters improved more in the intervention group; however, no significant differences were observed between the two groups. Conclusions: A nutritional intervention based on a dietetic-nutritional education program resulted in a significant increase in adherence to the MD. However, some evidence suggests that an MD dietary intervention can improve lung function, but in our study, we were not able to demonstrate this. Further research is needed to obtain more robust data and confirm a possible benefit of the program before it can be extended to general practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Salamanca-González
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-SALUT), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de La Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç, 21, 43201 Reus, Spain; (P.S.-G.); (R.M.V.-Z.); (A.P.-F.); (R.S.-A.)
- CENIT Research Group, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP JGol), Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes, 587, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.-A.); (A.S.-A.); (R.-E.C.)
| | - Rosa Maria Valls-Zamora
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-SALUT), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de La Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç, 21, 43201 Reus, Spain; (P.S.-G.); (R.M.V.-Z.); (A.P.-F.); (R.S.-A.)
| | - Anna Pedret-Figuerola
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-SALUT), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de La Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç, 21, 43201 Reus, Spain; (P.S.-G.); (R.M.V.-Z.); (A.P.-F.); (R.S.-A.)
| | - Mar Sorlí-Aguilar
- CENIT Research Group, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP JGol), Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes, 587, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.-A.); (A.S.-A.); (R.-E.C.)
| | - Antoni Santigosa-Ayala
- CENIT Research Group, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP JGol), Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes, 587, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.-A.); (A.S.-A.); (R.-E.C.)
- Department of Primary Care Camp de Tarragona, Institut Català de la Salut, Doctor Mallafré Guach, 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina i Ciències de La Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç, 21, 43201 Reus, Spain;
| | - Roxana-Elena Catalin
- CENIT Research Group, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP JGol), Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes, 587, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.-A.); (A.S.-A.); (R.-E.C.)
- Department of Primary Care Camp de Tarragona, Institut Català de la Salut, Doctor Mallafré Guach, 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Pallejà-Millán
- Departament de Medicina i Ciències de La Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç, 21, 43201 Reus, Spain;
- Research Support Unit Camp of Tarragona, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP JGol), Camí de Riudoms, 53-55, 43202 Reus, Spain
| | - Rosa Solà-Alberich
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-SALUT), Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de La Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç, 21, 43201 Reus, Spain; (P.S.-G.); (R.M.V.-Z.); (A.P.-F.); (R.S.-A.)
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari Sant Joan XXIII, Doctor Mallafré Guasch, 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francisco Martin-Lujan
- CENIT Research Group, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP JGol), Gran Via de les Corts Catalanes, 587, 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (M.S.-A.); (A.S.-A.); (R.-E.C.)
- Department of Primary Care Camp de Tarragona, Institut Català de la Salut, Doctor Mallafré Guach, 4, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Medicina i Ciències de La Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç, 21, 43201 Reus, Spain;
- Research Support Unit Camp of Tarragona, Institut Universitari d’Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP JGol), Camí de Riudoms, 53-55, 43202 Reus, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Song Y, Walters EH, Abramson MJ, Bowatte G, Bui DS, Perret J, Feather I, Knibbs LD, Wilson R, Nichols DS, Dharmage SC, Zosky GR. Protein levels, air pollution and vitamin D deficiency: links with allergy. ERJ Open Res 2021; 7:00237-2021. [PMID: 34616834 PMCID: PMC8488218 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00237-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study provides novel insights into mechanisms of traffic-related air pollution-induced allergy by down-regulation via complement regulators (CFI, PROS1 and PLG) and its interaction with vitamin D deficiency via the complement inhibitor PLG https://bit.ly/3x0jYOw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Song
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - E Haydn Walters
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.,Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Michael J Abramson
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gayan Bowatte
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.,Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Peradeniya, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka.,Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka
| | - Dinh S Bui
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer Perret
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Iain Feather
- Gold Coast Hospital, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Luke D Knibbs
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Richard Wilson
- Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - David S Nichols
- Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Shyamali C Dharmage
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graeme R Zosky
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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31
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Mechanisms, Pathophysiology and Currently Proposed Treatments of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14100979. [PMID: 34681202 PMCID: PMC8539950 DOI: 10.3390/ph14100979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading global causes of morbidity and mortality. A hallmark of COPD is progressive airflow obstruction primarily caused by cigarette smoke (CS). CS exposure causes an imbalance favoring pro- over antioxidants (oxidative stress), leading to transcription factor activation and increased expression of inflammatory mediators and proteases. Different cell types, including macrophages, epithelial cells, neutrophils, and T lymphocytes, contribute to COPD pathophysiology. Alteration in cell functions results in the generation of an oxidative and inflammatory microenvironment, which contributes to disease progression. Current treatments include inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilator therapy. However, these therapies do not effectively halt disease progression. Due to the complexity of its pathophysiology, and the risk of exacerbating symptoms with existing therapies, other specific and effective treatment options are required. Therapies directly or indirectly targeting the oxidative imbalance may be promising alternatives. This review briefly discusses COPD pathophysiology, and provides an update on the development and clinical testing of novel COPD treatments.
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The cardiovascular effects of air pollution: Prevention and reversal by pharmacological agents. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 232:107996. [PMID: 34571110 PMCID: PMC8941724 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution is associated with staggering levels of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Airborne particulate matter (PM), in particular, has been associated with a wide range of detrimental cardiovascular effects, including impaired vascular function, raised blood pressure, alterations in cardiac rhythm, blood clotting disorders, coronary artery disease, and stroke. Considerable headway has been made in elucidating the biological processes underlying these associations, revealing a labyrinth of multiple interacting mechanistic pathways. Several studies have used pharmacological agents to prevent or reverse the cardiovascular effects of PM; an approach that not only has the advantages of elucidating mechanisms, but also potentially revealing therapeutic agents that could benefit individuals that are especially susceptible to the effects of air pollution. This review gathers investigations with pharmacological agents, offering insight into the biology of how PM, and other air pollutants, may cause cardiovascular morbidity.
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Park HJ, Lee HY, Suh CH, Kim HC, Kim HC, Park YJ, Lee SW. The Effect of Particulate Matter Reduction by Indoor Air Filter Use on Respiratory Symptoms and Lung Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2021; 13:719-732. [PMID: 34486257 PMCID: PMC8419638 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2021.13.5.719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exposure to particulate matter (PM) is a key public health issue, but effective intervention has not yet been established. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis has been conducted to assess the relationship between the use of air filters, one of the most commonly studied interventions, and respiratory outcomes in patients with chronic respiratory diseases. METHODS We systematically reviewed intervention studies on PM using PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases up to September 2019. Studies that included data on PM concentration changes and respiratory symptoms or lung function in patients with respiratory diseases were eligible for inclusion. Effect estimates were quantified separately using the random-effects model. RESULTS Six studies were included in the quantitative analysis. Air filter use reduced indoor PM2.5 by 11.45 µg/m3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.88, 16.01 µg/m3). Air filter use was not associated with improvements in respiratory symptoms in 5 of the 6 studies or significant changes in the predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (mean change, -1.77%; 95% CI, -8.25%, 4.71%). Air filter use was associated with improved peak expiratory flow rate by 5.86 (95% CI, 3.5, 8.19 of standardized difference). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this systematic review suggest that air filters may reduce indoor PM and increase peak expiratory rate in asthmatic patients. However, most studies showed no significant effects of air filters on respiratory symptoms or FEV1. Further studies in regions with high-density PM may provide additional information on this issue. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO Identifier: CRD42020156258.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Jun Park
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Young Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Chong Hyun Suh
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Cheol Kim
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwan Cheol Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Young-Jun Park
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sei Won Lee
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Elgamal Z, Singh P, Geraghty P. The Upper Airway Microbiota, Environmental Exposures, Inflammation, and Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57080823. [PMID: 34441029 PMCID: PMC8402057 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57080823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Along with playing vital roles in pathogen exclusion and immune system priming, the upper airways (UAs) and their microbiota are essential for myriad physiological functions such as conditioning and transferring inhaled air. Dysbiosis, a microbial imbalance, is linked with various diseases and significantly impedes the quality of one’s life. Daily inhaled exposures and/or underlying conditions contribute to adverse changes to the UA microbiota. Such variations in the microbial community exacerbate UA and pulmonary disorders via modulating inflammatory and immune pathways. Hence, exploring the UA microbiota’s role in maintaining homeostasis is imperative. The microbial composition and subsequent relationship with airborne exposures, inflammation, and disease are crucial for strategizing innovating UA diagnostics and therapeutics. The development of a healthy UA microbiota early in life contributes to normal respiratory development and function in the succeeding years. Although different UA cavities present a unique microbial profile, geriatrics have similar microbes across their UAs. This lost community segregation may contribute to inflammation and disease, as it stimulates disadvantageous microbial–microbial and microbial–host interactions. Varying inflammatory profiles are associated with specific microbial compositions, while the same is true for many disease conditions and environmental exposures. A shift in the microbial composition is also detected upon the administration of numerous therapeutics, highlighting other beneficial and adverse side effects. This review examines the role of the UA microbiota in achieving homeostasis, and the impact on the UAs of environmental airborne pollutants, inflammation, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyad Elgamal
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Centre, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Pratyush Singh
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada;
| | - Patrick Geraghty
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Centre, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-718-270-3141
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Song WM, Liu Y, Zhang QY, Liu SQ, Xu TT, Li SJ, An QQ, Liu JY, Tao NN, Liu Y, Yu CB, Yu CX, Li YF, Li HC. Ambient air pollutants, diabetes and risk of newly diagnosed drug-resistant tuberculosis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 219:112352. [PMID: 34044311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB), diabetes and exposure to air pollution are thought to be important threat to human health, but no studies have explored the effects of ambient air pollutants on DR-TB when adjusting diabetes status so far. METHODS We performed a study among 3759 newly diagnosed TB cases with drug-susceptibility testing results, diabetes status, and individual air pollution data in Shandong from 2015 to 2019. Generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) including three models (Model 1: without covariates, Model 2: adjusted by diabetes status only, Model 3: with all covariates) were applied. RESULTS Of 3759 TB patients enrolled, 716 (19.05%) were DR-TB, and 333 (8.86%) had diabetes. High exposure to O3 was associated with an increased risk of RFP-resistance (Model 2 or 3: odds ratio (OR) = 1.008, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.002-1.014), ethambutol-resistance (Model 3: OR = 1.015, 95%CI: 1.004-1.027) and any rifampicin+streptomycin resistance (Model 1,2,3: OR = 1.01, 95%CI: 1.002-1.018) at 90 days. In contrast, NO2 was associated with a reduced risk of DR-TB (Model 3: OR = 0.99, 95%CI: 0.981-0.999) and multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) (Model 3: OR = 0.977, 95%CI: 0.96-0.994) at 360 days. Additionally, SO2 (Model 1, 2, 3: OR = 0.987, 95%CI: 0.977-0.998) showed a protective effect on MDR-TB at 90 days. PM2.5 (90 days, Model 2: OR = 0.991, 95%CI: 0.983-0.999), PM10 (360 days, Model 2: OR = 0.992, 95%CI: 0.985-0.999) had protective effects on any RFP+SM resistance. CONCLUSIONS O3 contributed to an elevated risk of TB resistance but PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2 showed an inverse effect. Air pollutants may affect the development of drug resistance among TB cases by adjusting the status of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Mei Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021 Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Yun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021 Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Qi Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021 Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021 Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Jin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021 Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Qi An
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021 Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Yue Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, 100191 Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning-Ning Tao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, 100730 Beijing, People's Republic of China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100730, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021 Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021 Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Bao Yu
- Katharine Hsu International Research Center of Human Infectious Diseases, Shandong Provincial Chest Hospital, 250013 Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui-Xiang Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250014 Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Fan Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021 Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021 Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huai-Chen Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021 Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021 Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 250355 Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Call to action: Air pollution, asthma, and allergy in the exposome era. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:70-72. [PMID: 34238507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Dietary Antiplatelets: A New Perspective on the Health Benefits of the Water-Soluble Tomato Concentrate Fruitflow ®. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072184. [PMID: 34201950 PMCID: PMC8308204 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of platelet functionality has undergone a sea change in the last decade. No longer are platelets viewed simply as regulators of haemostasis; they are now acknowledged to be pivotal in coordinating the inflammatory and immune responses. This expanded role for platelets brings new opportunities for controlling a range of health conditions, targeting platelet activation and their interactions with other vascular cells. Antiplatelet drugs may be of wider utility than ever expected but often cause platelet suppression too strong to be used out of clinical settings. Dietary antiplatelets represent a nutritional approach that can be efficacious while safe for general use. In this review, we discuss potential new uses for dietary antiplatelets outside the field of cardiovascular health, with specific reference to the water-soluble tomato extract Fruitflow®. Its uses in different aspects of inflammation and immune function are discussed, highlighting exercise-induced inflammation, mediating the effects of air pollution, and controlling thrombotic aspects of the immune response. Potential future developments in women’s health, erectile dysfunction, and the allergic response indicate how broad the utility of dietary antiplatelets can be.
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Sulforaphane attenuates oxidative stress and inflammation induced by fine particulate matter in human bronchial epithelial cells. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Abstract
Ambient air pollution is produced by sources including vehicular traffic, coal-fired power plants, hydraulic fracturing, agricultural production, and forest fires. It consists of primary pollutants generated by combustion and secondary pollutants formed in the atmosphere from precursor gases. Air pollution causes and exacerbates climate change, and climate change worsens health effects of air pollution. Infants and children are uniquely sensitive to air pollution, because their organs are developing and they have higher air per body weight intake. Health effects linked to air pollution include not only exacerbations of respiratory diseases but also reduced lung function development and increased asthma incidence. Additional outcomes of concern include preterm birth, low birth weight, neurodevelopmental disorders, IQ loss, pediatric cancers, and increased risks for adult chronic diseases. These effects are mediated by oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, endocrine disruption, and genetic and epigenetic mechanisms across the life span. Natural experiments demonstrate that with initiatives such as increased use of public transportation, both air quality and community health improve. Similarly, the Clean Air Act has improved air quality, although exposure inequities persist. Other effective strategies for reducing air pollution include ending reliance on coal, oil, and gas; regulating industrial emissions; reducing exposure with attention to proximity of residences, schools, and child care facilities to traffic; and a greater awareness of the Air Quality Index. This policy reviews both short- and long-term health consequences of ambient air pollution, especially in relation to developmental exposures. It examines individual, community, and legislative strategies to mitigate air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Brumberg
- Division of Neonatology, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital, Westchester Medical Center and Departments of Pediatrics and Public Health, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York; and
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Predictors of oxylipins in a healthy pediatric population. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:1530-1540. [PMID: 32726799 PMCID: PMC7855434 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-1084-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxylipins are formed from oxidation of omega-6 (n6) and omega-3 (n3) fatty acids (FAs). Evidence for inflammatory effects comes mostly from adults. METHODS Oxylipins from n6 FA (27 n6-oxylipins) and n3 FA (12 n3-oxylipins) were measured through ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in plasma from 111 children at risk of type 1 diabetes (age 1-17 years) studied longitudinally. Oxylipin precursor FAs (arachidonic acid, linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid) were measured in red blood cell (RBC) membrane and plasma. Precursor FAs dietary intake was measured through food frequency questionnaire and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) through questionnaires. Linear mixed models were used to test oxylipins with predictors. RESULTS Age associated with 15 n6- and 6 n3-oxylipins; race/ethnicity associated with 3 n6- and 1 n3-oxylipins; sex associated with 2 n6-oxylipins. ETS associated with lipoxin-A4. Oxylipins associated with precursor FAs in plasma more often than RBC. RBC levels and dietary intake of precursor FAs more consistently associated with n3-oxylipins than with n6-oxylipins. CONCLUSIONS In healthy children, oxylipin levels change with age. Oxylipins associated with precursor FAs more often in plasma than RBC or diet, suggesting that inflammatory regulation leading to FA release into plasma may also be a determinant of oxylipin generation. IMPACT This is the first study to examine predictors of oxylipins in healthy children at risk of type 1 diabetes. In healthy children at risk of type 1 diabetes, many oxylipins change with age, and most oxylipins do not differ by sex or race/ethnicity. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure was associated with the presence of lipoxin A4. Omega-6- and omega-3-related oxylipin levels were consistently associated with their respective precursor fatty acid levels measured in the plasma. Proportionally more omega-3 compared to omega-6 oxylipins were associated with dietary intake and red blood cell membrane levels of the respective precursor fatty acid.
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Bielory L, Bowers L, Marcus R, Dunk R. The influence of sea breeze on mold spore dispersion. Allergy Asthma Proc 2021; 42:222-227. [PMID: 33980335 DOI: 10.2500/aap.2021.42.210010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Many allergists consider the ocean breeze to be free of allergens and recommend visits to the coast for relief; however, the coast may perpetuate an allergenic environment. Objective: This study investigated the sea breeze's impact on spore dispersion between coastal and inland sites, and the potential implications of sea breeze on human health and coastal resources. Methods: Spore sampling occurred during 2006 by using pollen samplers. Samplers were located at the Rutgers University Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences Marine Field Station and the Rutgers University Pinelands Field Station. Statistical analysis was performed on the spore data to compare concentrations from the various locations. The effect of sea breeze circulation on particulate matter was analyzed from meteorological data collected in 2006. Sea breeze data were collected from simulations, Doppler radar, and meteorological towers at varying heights. Results: There was no significant difference between the total spore concentration at the New Jersey coast and the New Jersey Pinelands canopy. Conclusion: Sea breeze has been shown to favor aerobiologic transfers from coastal seawater to land, but the immediate environment (floor) still remains a primary determinant of affecting an individual's allergic airway disease. Results of some studies have shown that coastal environments may favor the onset allergic airway, but in our study this seemed to be equivalent to the floor (or immediate locale) of an individual affected with allergy. However, the sea breeze effect seemed to have the ability to impact allergic airway disease (AAD) populations not only living along the coasts but of those living up to 130 km inland and potentially those living in the Philadelphia metropolitan area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Bielory
- From the Medicine and Ophthalmology, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, New Jersey; Rutgers University, Center for Environmental Prediction, New Brunswick, New Jersey; Kean University, New Jersey Center for Science, Technology
and Mathematics, Union, New Jersey, USA
| | - Louis Bowers
- Rutgers University, Center for Ocean Observation Leadership, New Brunswick and Little Egg Harbor, New Jersey, USA; and
| | - Rivka Marcus
- Starx Allergy and Asthma Center, LLC - Springfield, New Jersey, USA
| | - Rich Dunk
- Rutgers University, Center for Ocean Observation Leadership, New Brunswick and Little Egg Harbor, New Jersey, USA; and
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Trushna T, Tripathi AK, Rana S, Tiwari RR. Nutraceuticals with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties as intervention for reducing the health effects of fine particulate matter: Potential and Prospects. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2021; 25:1639-1660. [PMID: 33845731 DOI: 10.2174/1386207324666210412121226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution, especially particulate matter pollution adversely affects human health. A growing pool of evidence has emerged which underscores the potential of individual-level nutritional interventions in attenuating the adverse health impact of exposure to PM2.5. Although controlling emission and reducing the overall levels of air pollution remains the ultimate objective globally, the sustainable achievement of such a target and thus consequent protection of human health will require a substantial amount of time and concerted efforts worldwide. In the meantime, smaller-scale individual-level interventions that can counter the inflammatory or oxidative stress effects triggered by exposure to particulate matter may be utilized to ameliorate the health effects of PM2.5 pollution. One such intervention is incorporation of nutraceuticals in the diet. Here, we present a review of the evidence generated from various in vitro, in vivo and human studies regarding the effects of different anti-inflammatory and antioxidant nutraceuticals in ameliorating the health effects of particulate matter air pollution. The studies discussed in this review suggest that these nutraceuticals when consumed as a part of the diet, or as additional supplementation, can potentially negate the cellular level adverse effects of exposure to particulate pollution. The potential benefits of adopting a non-pharmacological diet-based approach to air pollution-induced disease management have also been discussed. We argue that before a nutraceuticals-based approach can be used for widespread public adoption, further research, especially human clinical trials, is essential to confirm the beneficial action of relevant nutraceuticals and to explore the safe limits of human supplementation and the risk of side effects. Future research should focus on systematically translating bench-based knowledge regarding nutraceuticals gained from in-vitro and in-vivo studies into clinically usable nutritional guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanwi Trushna
- Department of Environmental Health and Epidemiology, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal- 462030. India
| | - Amit K Tripathi
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal- 462030. India
| | - Sindhuprava Rana
- Department of Bioinformatics, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal- 462030. India
| | - Rajnarayan R Tiwari
- ICMR- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health (NIREH), Bhopal-462030, Madhya Pradesh. India
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Lim N, Kim KH, Byun YT. Preparation of defected SWCNTs decorated with en-APTAS for application in high-performance nitric oxide gas detection. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:6538-6544. [PMID: 33885533 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08919b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate highly sensitive and selective chemiresistive-type NO gas detection using defected single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) decorated with N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylene diamine (en-APTAS) molecules. The defected SWCNTs were prepared via furnace annealing at 700 °C and confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. A single en-APTAS molecule has two amine groups acting as adsorption sites for NO gas, which can improve the NO response. The NO response was further enhanced when the defected SWCNTs were utilized because NO sensing reactions could occur on both the inner and outer walls of the defected SWCNTs. The en-APTAS decoration improved the NO response of the SWCNT-based gas sensing devices by 2.5 times; when the defected SWCNTs were used, the NO response was further improved by 3 times. Meanwhile, the recovery performance in a time-resolved response curve was significantly improved (45 times) via a simple rinsing process with ethanol. Specifically, the fabricated device did not respond to carbon monoxide (CO) or BTEX gas (i.e., a mixture of benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylene), indicating its high selectivity to NO gas. The results show the possibility of a high-performance SWCNT-based NO gas sensor applicable to healthcare fields requiring ppb-level detection, such as in vitro diagnostics (IVDs) of respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namsoo Lim
- Sensor System Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
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Dwivedi S, Kushalan S, Paithankar JG, D'Souza LC, Hegde S, Sharma A. Environmental toxicants, oxidative stress and health adversities: interventions of phytochemicals. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 74:516-536. [PMID: 33822130 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oxidative stress is the most common factor mediating environmental chemical-induced health adversities. Recently, an exponential rise in the use of phytochemicals as an alternative therapeutics against oxidative stress-mediated diseases has been documented. Due to their free radical quenching property, plant-derived natural products have gained substantial attention as a therapeutic agent in environmental toxicology. The present review aimed to describe the therapeutic role of phytochemicals in mitigating environmental toxicant-mediated sub-cellular and organ toxicities via controlling cellular antioxidant response. METHODS The present review has covered the recently related studies, mainly focussing on the free radical scavenging role of phytochemicals in environmental toxicology. KEY FINDINGS In vitro and in vivo studies have reported that supplementation of antioxidant-rich compounds can ameliorate the toxicant-induced oxidative stress, thereby improving the health conditions. Improving the cellular antioxidant pool has been considered as a mode of action of phytochemicals. However, the other cellular targets of phytochemicals remain uncertain. CONCLUSIONS Knowing the therapeutic value of phytochemicals to mitigate the chemical-induced toxicity is an initial stage; mechanistic understanding needs to decipher for development as therapeutics. Moreover, examining the efficacy of phytochemicals against mixer toxicity and identifying the bioactive molecule are major challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwangi Dwivedi
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, India
| | - Sharanya Kushalan
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Bioresource and Biotechnology, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, India
| | - Jagdish Gopal Paithankar
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, India
| | - Leonard Clinton D'Souza
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, India
| | - Smitha Hegde
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Bioresource and Biotechnology, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, India
| | - Anurag Sharma
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, India
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Nobile V, Schiano I, Peral A, Giardina S, Spartà E, Caturla N. Antioxidant and reduced skin-ageing effects of a polyphenol-enriched dietary supplement in response to air pollution: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Food Nutr Res 2021; 65:5619. [PMID: 33889065 PMCID: PMC8035891 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v65.5619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Air pollution exposure is one of the major threats to skin health and accelerates skin ageing mainly through oxidative stress mechanisms. Since it is difficult to minimize skin exposure to air pollutants, especially in urban areas, strategies to protect the skin are needed. Plant phenolic compounds have been found to be effective in attenuating cellular oxidative stress and inflammation induced by different air pollutants and a dietary approach based on these compounds could provide an efficient protection measure. Objective Here we investigated the efficacy of a commercially available polyphenol-enriched dietary supplement (Zeropollution®) in reducing pollution-induced oxidative stress and in improving different skin parameters related to skin ageing of Caucasian and Asian subjects exposed to air pollution. Zeropollution is composed of four standardized herbal extracts: Olea europaea leaf, Lippia citriodora, Rosmarinus officinalis, and Sophora japonica. Design A double-blind randomized, parallel group study was carried out on 100 outdoor workers living in a polluted urban European area (Milan) to assess the efficacy of the dietary supplement. The total antioxidant capacity on saliva (FRAP), the oxidative damage on skin (lipoperoxides content), skin moisturization (corneometer), transepidermal water loss (tewameter), skin radiance and colour (spectrophotometer), skin elasticity (cutometer), skin sebum content (sebumeter), and the skin roughness (image analysis) were measured. Results Both inter-group and intra-group analysis proved that the dietary supplement improved all clinical and biochemical-monitored parameters, in both Caucasian and Asian individuals. Some of the positive effects such as decreased wrinkle depth, increased elasticity and firmness, improved skin moisturization and transepidermal water loss, and reduced dark spots pigmentation were statistically significant as early as 2 weeks of product consumption. Conclusions The results of the study indicate reduced oxidative stress-induced skin damage in both Asian and Caucasian women living in a polluted urban area. Therefore, the oral intake of this four-plant based supplement could be considered a complementary nutrition strategy to avoid the negative effects of environmental pollution exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Peral
- Complife Italia Srl, San Martino Siccomario, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Nuria Caturla
- Complife Italia Srl, San Martino Siccomario, Pavia, Italy
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Pulmonary Effects Due to Physical Exercise in Polluted Air: Evidence from Studies Conducted on Healthy Humans. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11072890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Physical inactivity has caused serious effects on the health of the population, having an impact on the quality of life and the cost of healthcare for many countries. This has motivated government and private institutions to promote regular physical activity, which, paradoxically, can involve health risks when it is carried out in areas with poor air quality. This review collects information from studies conducted on healthy humans related to the pulmonary effects caused by the practice of physical activity when there is poor air quality. In addition, several challenges related to the technological and educational areas, as well as to applied and basic research, have been identified to facilitate the rational practice of exercise in poor air quality conditions.
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Aesculetin Inhibits Airway Thickening and Mucus Overproduction Induced by Urban Particulate Matter through Blocking Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Involving TLR4 and EGFR. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030494. [PMID: 33809902 PMCID: PMC8004275 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is a mixture of solid and liquid air pollutant particles suspended in the air, varying in composition, size, and physical features. PM is the most harmful form of air pollution due to its ability to penetrate deep into the lungs and blood streams, causing diverse respiratory diseases. Aesculetin, a coumarin derivative present in the Sancho tree and chicory, is known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in the vascular and immune system. However, its effect on PM-induced airway thickening and mucus hypersecretion is poorly understood. The current study examined whether naturally-occurring aesculetin inhibited airway thickening and mucus hypersecretion caused by urban PM10 (uPM10, particles less than 10 μm). Mice were orally administrated with 10 mg/kg aesculetin and exposed to 6 μg/mL uPM10 for 8 weeks. To further explore the mechanism(s) involved in inhibition of uPM10-induced mucus hypersecretion by aesculetin, bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells were treated with 1–20 µM aesculetin in the presence of 2 μg/mL uPM10. Oral administration of aesculetin attenuated collagen accumulation and mucus hypersecretion in the small airways inflamed by uPM10. In addition, aesculetin inhibited uPM10-evoked inflammation and oxidant production in lung tissues. Further, aesculetin accompanied the inhibition of induction of bronchial epithelial toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EFGR) elevated by uPM10. The inhibition of TLR4 and EGFR accompanied bronchial mucus hypersecretion in the presence of uPM10. Oxidative stress was responsible for the epithelial induction of TLR4 and EGFR, which was disrupted by aesculetin. These results demonstrated that aesculetin ameliorated airway thickening and mucus hypersecretion by uPM10 inhalation by inhibiting pulmonary inflammation via oxidative stress-stimulated TLR4 and EGFR. Therefore, aesculetin may be a promising agent for treating airway mucosa-associated disorders elicited by urban coarse particulates.
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Vitamin C deficiency and risk of metabolic complications among adults with chronic respiratory diseases: A case-control study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 43:448-455. [PMID: 34024554 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic respiratory disease (CRD) is an airflow limitation that represents a wide array of serious diseases. The aim of this study is to examine the influence of vitamin C deficiency on metabolic health-related quality in individuals with and without chronic respiratory disease in the Gaza Strip. METHODS A matched case-control study including 52 cases of CRD and 52 controls of healthy participants were matched by age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumferences (WC). The study was conducted at the Ministry of Health secondary health-care centers in Gaza strip, Palestine. The biochemical data included Protein Carbonyl (PC), high sensitivity C reactive protein (CRP), vitamin C, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and markers of the lipid profile. RESULTS By the qualitative estimation of vitamin C consumption, there was a significantly lower consumption of foods that are rich in vitamin C by CRD patients than the matched controls. By comparing the results between both groups, CRD patients had significantly lower plasma concentrations of vitamins C than the control group (18.43 ± 11.93 μgm/ml vs. 24.06 ± 11.19 μgm/ml, P = 0.025), but significantly higher in PC (3.86 ± 4.21 μgm/ml vs. 2.11 ± 0.97 μgm/ml, P = 0.005), CRP (5.98 ± 8.84 mg/l vs. 1.87 ± 1.96 mg/l, P = 0.001), and FBG (102.46 ± 15.09 mg/dl vs. 95.92 ± 10.88 mg/dl, P = 0.017). The results revealed that CRD patients had significantly lower blood oxygen saturation than the control group (96.36 ± 3.81 vs. 98.51 ± 0.75, P < 0.001), whereas no significant differences were observed regarding the lipid profiles markers. CONCLUSION CRD patients have lower levels of vitamin C in their plasma and their diet than do healthy matched people; they also have higher oxidative stress and inflammatory markers than healthy people, which are risk factors for predicting metabolic complications.
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Asthma and air pollution: recent insights in pathogenesis and clinical implications. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2021; 26:10-19. [PMID: 31724961 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000000644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Air pollution has adverse effects on the onset and morbidity of respiratory diseases, including asthma. In this review, we discuss recent insights into the effects of air pollution on the incidence and exacerbation of asthma. We focus on epidemiological studies that describe the association between air pollution exposure and development, mortality, persistence and exacerbations of asthma among different age groups. Moreover, we also provide an update on translational studies describing the mechanisms behind this association. RECENT FINDINGS Mechanisms linking air pollutants such as particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone to the development and exacerbation of asthma include the induction of both eosinophilic and neutrophilic inflammation driven by stimulation of airway epithelium and increase of pro-inflammatory cytokine production, oxidative stress and DNA methylation changes. Although exposure during foetal development is often reported as a crucial timeframe, exposure to air pollution is detrimental in people of all ages, thus influencing asthma onset as well as increase in asthma prevalence, mortality, persistence and exacerbation. SUMMARY In conclusion, this review highlights the importance of reducing air pollution levels to avert the progressive increase in asthma incidence and morbidity.
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Islam MT, Quispe C, Martorell M, Docea AO, Salehi B, Calina D, Reiner Ž, Sharifi-Rad J. Dietary supplements, vitamins and minerals as potential interventions against viruses: Perspectives for COVID-19. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2021; 92:49-66. [DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing COVID-19 disease pandemic has infected millions of people and caused more than thousands of deaths in many countries across the world. The number of infected cases is increasing day by day. Unfortunately, we do not have a vaccine and specific treatment for it. Along with the protective measures, respiratory and/or circulatory supports and some antiviral and retroviral drugs have been used against SARS-CoV-2, but there are no more extensive studies proving their efficacy. In this study, the latest publications in the field have been reviewed, focusing on the modulatory effects on the immunity of some natural antiviral dietary supplements, vitamins and minerals. Findings suggest that several dietary supplements, including black seeds, garlic, ginger, cranberry, orange, omega-3 and -6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins (e.g., A, B vitamins, C, D, E), and minerals (e.g., Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, Se, Zn) have anti-viral effects. Many of them act against various species of respiratory viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronaviruses. Therefore, dietary supplements, including vitamins and minerals, probiotics as well as individual nutritional behaviour can be used as adjuvant therapy together with antiviral medicines in the management of COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Life Science Faculty, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Bangladesh
| | - Cristina Quispe
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Chile
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Universidad de Concepción, Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico (UDT), Concepción, Chile
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Bahare Salehi
- Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Željko Reiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
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