1
|
Bi S, Xu Z, Wang Z, Liu Y, Yu B, Tian J, Liu C, Qiao L, Zhang Y. Polydatin from Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix regulates glucolipid metabolism in the liver of diabetic rats: Multiscale analysis of network pharmacology and multiomics. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 134:155992. [PMID: 39216300 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix (Huzhang in Chinese), refers to the root and rhizome of Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. Huzhang is commonly used in clinical practice for the prevention and treatment of diabetes and its complications, but its active components and regulatory mechanisms have not yet been thoroughly analyzed. PURPOSE The network pharmacology combined with multi-omics analysis will be employed to dissect the substance basis and action mechanism of Huzhang in exerting its anti-diabetic activity. METHODS This study employed phenotypic indicators for baseline assessment, followed by integrated analysis using network pharmacology, metabolomics, transcriptomics, and qPCR technology to elucidate the active components and pharmacological mechanisms of Huzhang. RESULTS The analysis of network pharmacology revealed that polydatin is a potential active component responsible for the anti-T2DM pharmacological effects of Huzhang. In vivo experimental results demonstrated that polydatin significantly regulates blood glucose, lipid levels, liver function, and liver pathological damage in diabetic rats. Analysis results from transcriptomics, metabolomics, and qPCR validation showed that polydatin comprehensively regulates glucose and lipid metabolism in T2DM by modulating bile acid metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and lipogenesis. CONCLUSION Polydatin is a key component of Huzhang in treating T2DM, and its regulatory mechanisms are diverse, indicating significant development potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Bi
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xu
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Zewen Wang
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yanxia Liu
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jiaye Tian
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Chaoqun Liu
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Liansheng Qiao
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gong W, Zhang N, Sun X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Lv D, Luo H, Liu Y, Chen Z, Lei Q, Zhao G, Bai L, Jiao Q. Cardioprotective effects of polydatin against myocardial injury in HFD/stz and high glucose-induced diabetes via a Caveolin 1-dependent mechanism. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 135:156055. [PMID: 39326140 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.156055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is defined as cardiac dysfunction involving changes in structure, function, and metabolism in the absence of coronary artery disease, which eventually developed into heart failure. There is still a lack of effective drugs for the treatment of DCM, while the ameliorative effects of traditional herbs on DCM have been commonly reported. Polydatin (PD) is a glucoside derivative of traditional herbs of resveratrol, which has been shown to ameliorate the pathological development of DCM. However, the cardioprotective effect and mechanism of PD in the improvement of myocardial injury are still unclear. AIM OF STUDY This study aimed to investigate the cardio-protective role of PD on DCM and reveal the critical effect of Cav1 in PD' regulation of DCM. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Cav1-/- and Cav1+/+mice and H9C2 cells were used to induce DCM models and then given PD treatment (150 mg/kg) or not. The cardiac functions of all mice were checked via echocardiography, and myocardial histological changes were measured by H&E, periodic acid-schiff (PAS) and Masson staining. The markers expression of heart fibrosis and inflammation, and hypertrophic factors were detected using western blotting. The NF-κB signaling activation was performed by confocal, immunohistochemical, Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and western blotting. RESULTS Here, we found that PD significantly improved the cardiac function and injury of diabetic Cav1+/+ mice, and enhanced the expression of Cav1 in the cardiac tissues of diabetic Cav1+/+ mice and HG-induced H9C2 cells. Further investigation showed that when Cav1 was knocked down, PD no longer plays the cardioprotective effect and inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway activation in HFD/stz-treated diabetic mice and HG-induced H9C2 cells. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that PD inhibited the hyperglycemia-induced myocardial injury and inflammatory fibrosis of DCM models in vivo and in vitro, and targeting Cav1 may provide a novel understanding the mechanism of the treatment of PD in DCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Gong
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310000, PR China.
| | - Ningzhi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Geriatric Medical Center, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518026, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasonic Center, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, PR China
| | - Dongxin Lv
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310000, PR China.
| | - Yingying Liu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310000, PR China.
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310000, PR China
| | - Qingqing Lei
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310000, PR China.
| | - Gangfeng Zhao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310000, PR China.
| | - Lin Bai
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medical Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, PR China
| | - Qibin Jiao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310000, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aguchem RN, Okagu IU, Okorigwe EM, Uzoechina JO, Nnemolisa SC, Ezeorba TPC. Role of CETP, PCSK-9, and CYP7-alpha in cholesterol metabolism: Potential targets for natural products in managing hypercholesterolemia. Life Sci 2024; 351:122823. [PMID: 38866219 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of mortality worldwide, primarily affecting the heart and blood vessels, with atherosclerosis being a major contributing factor to their onset. Epidemiological and clinical studies have linked high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) emanating from distorted cholesterol homeostasis as its major predisposing factor. Cholesterol homeostasis, which involves maintaining the balance in body cholesterol level, is mediated by several proteins or receptors, transcription factors, and even genes, regulating cholesterol influx (through dietary intake or de novo synthesis) and efflux (by their conversion to bile acids). Previous knowledge about CVDs management has evolved around modulating these receptors' activities through synthetic small molecules/antibodies, with limited interest in natural products. The central roles of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), and cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 (CYP7A1), among other proteins or receptors, have fostered growing scientific interests in understanding more on their regulatory activities and potential as drug targets. We present up-to-date knowledge on the contributions of CETP, PCSK9, and CYP7A1 toward CVDs, highlighting the clinical successes and failures of small molecules/antibodies to modulate their activities. In recommendation for a new direction to improve cardiovascular health, we have presented recent findings on natural products (including functional food, plant extracts, phytochemicals, bioactive peptides, and therapeutic carbohydrates) that also modulate the activities of CETP, PCSK-9, and CYP7A1, and emphasized the need for more research efforts redirected toward unraveling more on natural products potentials even at clinical trial level for CVD management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Ngozi Aguchem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria
| | - Innocent Uzochukwu Okagu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria
| | - Ekezie Matthew Okorigwe
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Sciences, University of Notre Dame, 46556 Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Jude Obiorah Uzoechina
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, PR China
| | | | - Timothy Prince Chidike Ezeorba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria; Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria; Department of Environmental Health and Risk Management, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liang L, Zeng J, Liu R, Zheng Z, Lyu D, Zhang X, Wen M, Li M, Xiao H, Sun X, Li M, Huang H. Polydatin attenuates diabetic renal inflammatory fibrosis via the inhibition of STING pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 226:116373. [PMID: 38885772 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a complication of diabetes and is mainly characterized by renal fibrosis, which could be attributed to chronic kidney inflammation. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING), a linker between immunity and metabolism, could ameliorate various metabolic and inflammatory diseases. However, the regulatory role of STING in DN remains largely unexplored. In this study, knockdown of STING decreased extracellular matrix (ECM), pro-inflammatory, and fibrotic factors in high glucose (HG)-induced glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs), whereas overexpression of STING triggered the inflammatory fibrosis process, suggesting that STING was a potential target for DN. Polydatin (PD) is a glucoside of resveratrol and has been reported to ameliorate DN by inhibiting inflammatory responses. Nevertheless, whether PD improved DN via STING remains unclear. Here, transcriptomic profiling implied that the STING/NF-κB pathway might be an important target for PD. We further found that PD decreased the protein expression of STING, and subsequently suppressed the activation of downstream targets including TBK1 phosphorylation and NF-κB nuclear translocation, and eventually inhibited the production of ECM, pro-inflammatory and fibrotic factors in HG-induced GMCs. Notably, results of molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulations, surface plasmon resonance, cellular thermal shift assay and Co-immunoprecipitation assay indicated that PD directly bound to STING and restored the declined proteasome-mediated degradation of STING induced by HG. In diabetic mice, PD also inhibited the STING pathway and improved the pathological changes of renal inflammatory fibrosis. Our study elucidated the regulatory role of STING in DN, and the novel mechanism of PD treating DN via inhibiting STING expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyin Liang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510801, China
| | - Jingran Zeng
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Renbin Liu
- Bao'an Center Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518100, China
| | - Zhihua Zheng
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dongxin Lyu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xuting Zhang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Min Wen
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haiming Xiao
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen 518026, China.
| | - Min Li
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Heqing Huang
- Guangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510801, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Khayatan D, Zare K, Khanahmadi M, Momtaz S, Butler AE, Jamialahmadi T, Almahmeed W, Abdolghaffari AH, Sahebkar A. The role of natural products as PCSK9 modulators: A review. Phytother Res 2024; 38:4081-4098. [PMID: 38899632 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
A variety of mechanisms and drugs have been shown to attenuate cardiovascular disease (CVD) onset and/or progression. Recent researchers have identified a potential role of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) in modulating lipid metabolism and reducing plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. PCSK9 is the central protein in the metabolism of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) owing to its major function in LDL receptor (LDLR) degradation. Due to the close correlation of cardiovascular disease with lipid levels, many in vivo and in vitro investigations are currently underway studying the physiological role of PCSK9. Furthermore, many studies are actively investigating the mechanisms of various compounds that influence lipid associated-disorders and their associated cardiovascular diseases. PCSK9 inhibitors have been shown to have significant impact in the prevention of emerging cardiovascular diseases. Natural products can effectively be used as PCSK9 inhibitors to control lipid levels through various mechanisms. In this review, we evaluate the role of phytochemicals and natural products in the regulation of PCSK9, and their ability to prevent cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, we describe their mechanisms of action, which have not to date been delineated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danial Khayatan
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimia Zare
- School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Maryam Khanahmadi
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, and Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Wael Almahmeed
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shah R, Zhong J, Massier L, Tanriverdi K, Hwang SJ, Haessler J, Nayor M, Zhao S, Perry AS, Wilkins JT, Shadyab AH, Manson JE, Martin L, Levy D, Kooperberg C, Freedman JE, Rydén M, Murthy VL. Targeted Proteomics Reveals Functional Targets for Early Diabetes Susceptibility in Young Adults. CIRCULATION. GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2024; 17:e004192. [PMID: 38323454 PMCID: PMC10940209 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.123.004192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The circulating proteome may encode early pathways of diabetes susceptibility in young adults for surveillance and intervention. Here, we define proteomic correlates of tissue phenotypes and diabetes in young adults. METHODS We used penalized models and principal components analysis to generate parsimonious proteomic signatures of diabetes susceptibility based on phenotypes and on diabetes diagnosis across 184 proteins in >2000 young adults in the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study; mean age, 32 years; 44% women; 43% Black; mean body mass index, 25.6±4.9 kg/m2), with validation against diabetes in >1800 individuals in the FHS (Framingham Heart Study) and WHI (Women's Health Initiative). RESULTS In 184 proteins in >2000 young adults in CARDIA, we identified 2 proteotypes of diabetes susceptibility-a proinflammatory fat proteotype (visceral fat, liver fat, inflammatory biomarkers) and a muscularity proteotype (muscle mass), linked to diabetes in CARDIA and WHI/FHS. These proteotypes specified broad mechanisms of early diabetes pathogenesis, including transorgan communication, hepatic and skeletal muscle stress responses, vascular inflammation and hemostasis, fibrosis, and renal injury. Using human adipose tissue single cell/nuclear RNA-seq, we demonstrate expression at transcriptional level for implicated proteins across adipocytes and nonadipocyte cell types (eg, fibroadipogenic precursors, immune and vascular cells). Using functional assays in human adipose tissue, we demonstrate the association of expression of genes encoding these implicated proteins with adipose tissue metabolism, inflammation, and insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS A multifaceted discovery effort uniting proteomics, underlying clinical susceptibility phenotypes, and tissue expression patterns may uncover potentially novel functional biomarkers of early diabetes susceptibility in young adults for future mechanistic evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Shah
- Vanderbilt Translational & Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN
| | - Jiawei Zhong
- Dept of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lucas Massier
- Dept of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kahraman Tanriverdi
- Vanderbilt Translational & Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Matthew Nayor
- Sections of Preventive Medicine & Epidemiology & Cardiovascular Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Dept of Epidemiology, Boston University Schools of Medicine & Public Health, Boston, MA & Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA
| | | | - Andrew S. Perry
- Vanderbilt Translational & Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Aladdin H. Shadyab
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health & Human Longevity Science, Univ of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Dept of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lisa Martin
- George Washington Univ School of Medicine & Health Sciences
| | - Daniel Levy
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Jane E. Freedman
- Vanderbilt Translational & Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Dept of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ouyang Z, Ma M, Zhang Z, Wu H, Xue Y, Jian Y, Yin K, Yu S, Zhao C, Guo W, Gu X. Targeted Degradation of PCSK9 In Vivo by Autophagy-Tethering Compounds. J Med Chem 2024; 67:433-449. [PMID: 38112492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 (PCSK9), a secreted protein that is synthesized and spontaneously cleaved in the endoplasmic reticulum, has become a hot lipid-lowering target chased by pharmaceutical companies in recent years. Autophagosome-tethering compounds (ATTECs) represent a new strategy to degrade targeted biomolecules. Here, we designed and synthesized PCSK9·ATTECs that are capable of lowering PCSK9 levels via autophagy in vivo, providing the first report of the degradation of a secreted protein by ATTECs. OY3, one of the PCSK9·ATTECs synthesized, shows greater potency to reduce plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and improve atherosclerosis symptoms than treatment with the same dose of simvastatin. OY3 also significantly reduces the high expression of PCSK9 caused by simvastatin administration in atherosclerosis model mice and subsequently increases the level of low-density lipoprotein receptor, promoting simvastatin to clear plasma LDL-C and alleviate atherosclerosis symptoms. Thus, we developed a new candidate compound to treat atherosclerosis that could also promote statin therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong Ouyang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201301, China
| | - Muye Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201301, China
| | - Ziwen Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201301, China
| | - Hongyu Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201301, China
| | - Yongxing Xue
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201301, China
| | - Yuting Jian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201301, China
| | - Kai Yin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201301, China
| | - Shaokun Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201301, China
| | - Chunchang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201301, China
| | - Xianfeng Gu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201301, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang L, Yan Y, Wu L, Peng J. Natural products in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): Novel lead discovery for drug development. Pharmacol Res 2023; 196:106925. [PMID: 37714392 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
With changing lifestyles, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most prevalent liver disease worldwide. A substantial increase in the incidence, mortality, and associated burden of NAFLD-related advanced liver disease is expected. Currently, the initial diagnosis of NAFLD is still based on ultrasound and there is no approved treatment method. Lipid-lowering drugs, vitamin supplementation, and lifestyle improvement treatments are commonly used in clinical practice. However, most lipid-lowering drugs can produce poor patient compliance and specific adverse effects. Therefore, the exploration of bio-diagnostic markers and active lead compounds for the development of innovative drugs is urgently needed. More and more studies have reported the anti-NAFLD effects and mechanisms of natural products (NPs), which have become an important source for new drug development to treat NAFLD due to their high activity and low side effects. At present, berberine and silymarin have been approved by the US FDA to enter clinical phase IV studies, demonstrating the potential of NPs against NAFLD. Studies have found that the regulation of lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation-related pathways may play important roles in the process. With the continuous updating of technical means and scientific theories, in-depth research on the targets and mechanisms of NPs against NAFLD can provide new possibilities to find bio-diagnostic markers and innovative drugs. As we know, FXR agonists, PPARα agonists, and dual CCR2/5 inhibitors are gradually coming on stage for the treatment of NAFLD. Whether NPs can exert anti-NAFLD effects by regulating these targets or some unknown targets remains to be further studied. Therefore, the study reviewed the potential anti-NAFLD NPs and their targets. Some works on the discovery of new targets and the docking of active lead compounds were also discussed. It is hoped that this review can provide some reference values for the development of non-invasive diagnostic markers and new drugs against NAFLD in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Yonghuan Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Linfang Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhou Q, Tang H, Li S. Protective effect of evolocumab on Müller cells in the rat retina under hyperglycaemic and hypoxic conditions. J Diabetes Complications 2023; 37:108593. [PMID: 37717351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In this study, rat retinal Müller cells (RMCs) were cultured in vitro to investigate the protective mechanism of evolocumab on rat RMCs in diabetes mellitus (DM) and the expression of relevant inflammatory factors. METHODS The expression of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) in the retinal tissues of diabetic rats was detected by immunohistochemistry. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats at 5-7 d of life were selected as the source of RMCs and divided equally into three groups of 12 rats/24 eyes each. The effect of CoCl2 and evolocumab on the cellular activity of RMCs was determined by CCK-8 assay. The effect of CoCl2 and evolocumab on the migration level of RMCs after 72 h was measured by scratch test and the expression of various proteins after 72 h was measured by Western blot. RESULTS In STZ rats, the expression of PCSK9 was significantly upregulated in the retina, especially in the inner nuclear layer, which is mainly composed of RMCs. High glucose and CoCl2 stimulation markedly elevated PCSK9 and GFAP expression at the protein level in RMCs (P < 0.05). Evolocumab treatment (100 μg/ml) reduced the expression and secretion of inflammatory factors in stimulated RMCs (P < 0.05). Furthermore, evolocumab downregulates toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) levels and inhibited nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) phosphorylation in RMCs (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Evolocumab protects against inflammation in RMCs, at least in part, by negatively regulating the activation of the TLR-4/NF-κB signalling pathway. Evolocumab may be a promising anti-inflammatory therapy for ocular fundus diseases, such as DR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Huan Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changzhou, China
| | - Shuting Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lu F, Li E, Yang X. The association between circulatory, local pancreatic PCSK9 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: The effects of antidiabetic drugs on PCSK9. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19371. [PMID: 37809924 PMCID: PMC10558357 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a potent modulator of cholesterol metabolism and plays a crucial role in the normal functioning of pancreatic islets and the progression of diabetes. Islet autocrine PCSK9 deficiency can lead to the enrichment of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR) and excessive LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) uptake, subsequently impairing the insulin secretion in β-cells. Circulatory PCSK9 levels are primarily attributed to hepatocyte secretion. Notably, anti-PCSK9 strategies proposed for individuals with hypercholesterolemia chiefly target liver-derived PCSK9; however, these anti-PCSK9 strategies have been associated with the risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus (NODM). In the current review, we highlight a new direction in PCSK9 inhibition therapy strategies: screening candidates for anti-PCSK9 from the drugs used in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatment. We explored the association between circulating, local pancreatic PCSK9 and T2DM, as well as the relationship between PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies and NODM. We discussed the emergence of artificial and natural drugs in recent years, exhibiting dual benefits of antidiabetic activity and PCSK9 reduction, confirming that the diverse effects of these drugs may potentially impact the progression of diabetes and associated disorders, thereby introducing novel avenues and methodologies to enhance disease prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Lu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, China
| | - En Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 450001, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Feng Z, Liao X, Peng J, Quan J, Zhang H, Huang Z, Yi B. PCSK9 causes inflammation and cGAS/STING pathway activation in diabetic nephropathy. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23127. [PMID: 37561547 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300342rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Our previous research revealed that an increase in PCSK9 is linked to aggravated inflammation in the kidneys of mice affected by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (HFD/STZ) or in HGPA-induced HK-2 cells. Furthermore, the cGAS/STING pathway has been reported to be involved in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Therefore, in this study, we aimed to examine the correlation between the proinflammatory effect of PCSK9 and the cGAS/STING pathway in DN. We used PCSK9 mAbs to inhibit PCSK9 in vivo and PCSK9 siRNA in vitro and measured the inflammatory phenotype in HFD/STZ-treated mice or HGPA-induced HK-2 cells, and observed decreased blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, UACR, and kidney injury in response to the PCSK9 mAb in HFD/STZ-treated mice. Moreover, IL-1 β, MCP-1, and TNF-α levels were reduced by the PCSK9 mAb in vivo and PCSK9 siRNA in vitro. We observed increased mtDNA damage and activation of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway during DN, as well as the downstream targets p-TBK1, p-NF-κB p65, and IL-1β. In a further experiment with an HGPA-induced DN model in HK-2 cells, we revealed that mtDNA damage was increased, which led to the activation of the cGAS/STING system and its downstream targets. Notably, the cGAS-STING signaling pathway was inhibited by the PCSK9 mAb in vivo and PCSK9 siRNA in vitro. In addition, inhibition of STING with C-176 in HGPA-induced HK-2 cells markedly blocked inflammation. In conclusion, we report for the first time that PCSK9 triggers mitochondrial DNA damage and activates the cGAS-STING pathway in DN, which leads to a series of inflammation cascades. PCSK9-targeted intervention can effectively reduce DN inflammation and delay its progression. Moreover, the inhibition of STING significantly abrogated the inflammation triggered by HGPA in HK-2 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhicai Feng
- Department of Nephrology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Critical Kidney Disease Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangyu Liao
- Department of Nephrology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Critical Kidney Disease Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Peng
- Department of Nephrology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Critical Kidney Disease Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingjing Quan
- Department of Nephrology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Critical Kidney Disease Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Critical Kidney Disease Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhijun Huang
- Department of Nephrology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Furong Laboratory, Changsha, China
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Yi
- Department of Nephrology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- The Critical Kidney Disease Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cherian S, Hacisayidli KM, Kurian R, Mathews A. Therapeutically important bioactive compounds of the genus Polygonum L. and their possible interventions in clinical medicine. J Pharm Pharmacol 2023; 75:301-327. [PMID: 36757388 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increasing literature data have suggested that the genus Polygonum L. possesses pharmacologically important plant secondary metabolites. These bioactive compounds are implicated as effective agents in preclinical and clinical practice due to their pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, antiaging, neuroprotective or immunomodulatory properties among many others. However, elaborate pharmacological and clinical data concerning the bioavailability, tissue distribution pattern, dosage and pharmacokinetic profiles of these compounds are still scanty. KEY FINDINGS The major bioactive compounds implicated in the therapeutic effects of Polygonum genus include phenolic and flavonoid compounds, anthraquinones and stilbenes, such as quercetin, resveratrol, polydatin and others, and could serve as potential drug leads or as adjuvant agents. Data from in-silico network pharmacology and computational molecular docking studies are also highly helpful in identifying the possible drug target of pathogens or host cell machinery. SUMMARY We provide an up-to-date overview of the data from pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic profiles and preclinical (in-vitro and in-vivo) investigations and the available clinical data on some of the therapeutically important compounds of genus Polygonum L. and their medical interventions, including combating the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sam Cherian
- Indian Society for Plant Physiology, New Delhi, India
| | - Kushvar Mammadova Hacisayidli
- Department of Hygiene and Food Safety, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Azerbaijan State Agricultural University, Ganja City, Azerbaijan
| | - Renju Kurian
- Department of Pathology, Manipal University College, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Allan Mathews
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Quest International University Perak, Ipoh, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhao X, Song L, Li J, Zhou J, Li N, Yan S, Chen R, Wang Y, Liu C, Zhou P, Sheng Z, Chen Y, Zhao H, Yan H. Effect of Triglyceride-Glucose Indices and Circulating PCSK9-Associated Cardiovascular Risk in STEMI Patients with Primary Percutaneous Coronary Artery Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:269-282. [PMID: 36713050 PMCID: PMC9875734 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s389778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims This study aimed to determine whether convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9)-associated cardiovascular risk is modulated by triglyceride-glucose (TyG) in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients with primary percutaneous coronary disease (PCI). Methods A total of 1541 patients with STEMI (aged ≥18 years) undergoing primary PCI were consecutively enrolled between March 2017 and March 2019. Outcomes When stratifying the overall population according to TyG indices less than or greater than the median (TyG median = 9.07) as well as according to quartiles of PCSK9 levels, higher TyG index levels were significantly associated with all-cause mortality only when TyG levels were 9.07 or higher (ie, relative to quartile 1 [Q1], the adjusted HR for all-cause mortality was 3.20 [95% CI, 0.54-18.80] for Q2, p = 0.199; 7.89 [95% CI, 1.56-40.89] for Q3, p = 0.013; and 5.61 [95% CI, 1.04-30.30] for Q4, p = 0.045. During a median follow-up period of 1.96 years, the HR for all-cause mortality was higher in the subset of patients with TyG ≥median and PCSK9 ≥median (p for trend = 0.023) among those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, there were no statistically significant differences among the subgroups. Among T2DM patients with a TyG index greater than the median, the Kaplan-Meier curve showed that patients with the highest PCSK9 levels had an increased risk of all-cause mortality (log-rank p = 0.017) and cardiac-cause mortality (log-rank p = 0.037) compared with lower PCSK9 quartile levels. Conclusion Elevated PCSK9 levels are related to all-cause mortality and cardiac-related mortality when TyG levels are greater than the median, but not when levels are less than the median. This suggests a potential benefit of lowering circulating PCSK9 levels in STEMI patients with insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Song
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinying Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaodi Yan
- Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Runzhen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxue Sheng
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanjun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,Hanjun Zhao, Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 167, Beijing, 100037, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-15210020808, Email
| | - Hongbing Yan
- Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Hongbing Yan, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 12 Langshan Road, Shenzhen, 518000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-13701339287, Email
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jin W, Fan M, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Jing C, Jiang R, Piao C, Sun L. Polydatin prevents lipotoxicity-induced dysfunction in pancreatic β-cells by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and excessive autophagy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 106:154410. [PMID: 36030747 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronically elevated free fatty acid levels can adversely affect pancreatic β-cells, leading to insulin resistance and eventually type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Polydatin (PD) from Polygonum cuspidatum has been shown to regulate blood lipid content and lower cholesterol levels. However, there have been no reports on the potential therapeutic effects and actions of PD on lipotoxicity in β-cells. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of PD on palmitate (PA)-treated INS-1 insulinoma cells and diabetic mice. METHODS Cells were incubated with PA and varying concentrations of PD for 24 h. Viability assays, morphological observations, flow cytometric analysis, western blotting, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to assess the effects of PD on PA-induced lipotoxicity. Western blotting was used to measure the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and the levels of autophagy-related factors after incubation with inducers and inhibitors of ERS and autophagy. Diabetic mice were treated with intragastric PD for 6 weeks followed by the measurement of their physiological and blood lipid indices and assessment of the results of histological and immunofluorescence analyses. RESULTS Treatment with PD after PA exposure enhanced insulin secretion and the expression of diabetes-associated genes. PD promoted β-cell function by reducing the levels of proteins associated with ERS and autophagy while also attenuating ERS triggered by tunicamycin. PD also reduced tunicamycin-induced autophagy, indicating that it regulated ERS-mediated autophagy and reduced PA-induced cellular dysfunction. In addition, treatment of db/db mice with PD substantially reduced body weight gain, alleviated dyslipidemia, improved β-cell function, and reduced insulin resistance. CONCLUSION These results suggest that PD protects β-cells from lipotoxicity-induced dysfunction and apoptosis by inhibiting ERS and preventing excessive autophagy. Our study provides a new basis for exploring the potential of PD against β-cell lipotoxicity and T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Jin
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China; College of pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Meiling Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Chenxu Jing
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Chunli Piao
- Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, China.
| | - Liwei Sun
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Cross-regional Cooperation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Product Research and Development, Changchun, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Karami A, Fakhri S, Kooshki L, Khan H. Polydatin: Pharmacological Mechanisms, Therapeutic Targets, Biological Activities, and Health Benefits. Molecules 2022; 27:6474. [PMID: 36235012 PMCID: PMC9572446 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Polydatin is a natural potent stilbenoid polyphenol and a resveratrol derivative with improved bioavailability. Polydatin possesses potential biological activities predominantly through the modulation of pivotal signaling pathways involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Various imperative biological activities have been suggested for polydatin towards promising therapeutic effects, including anticancer, cardioprotective, anti-diabetic, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, anti-microbial, as well as health-promoting roles on the renal system, the respiratory system, rheumatoid diseases, the skeletal system, and women's health. In the present study, the therapeutic targets, biological activities, pharmacological mechanisms, and health benefits of polydatin are reviewed to provide new insights to researchers. The need to develop further clinical trials and novel delivery systems of polydatin is also considered to reveal new insights to researchers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Karami
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415153, Iran
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Leila Kooshki
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415153, Iran
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jia F, Fei SF, Tong DB, Xue C, Li JJ. Sex difference in circulating PCSK9 and its clinical implications. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:953845. [PMID: 36160427 PMCID: PMC9490038 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.953845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a proprotein convertase that increases plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels by triggering the degradation of LDL receptors (LDLRs). Beyond the regulation of circulating LDL-C, PCSK9 also has direct atherosclerotic effects on the vascular wall and is associated with coronary plaque inflammation. Interestingly, emerging data show that women have higher circulating PCSK9 concentrations than men, suggesting that the potential roles of PCSK9 may have different impacts according to sex. In this review, we summarize the studies concerning sex difference in circulating levels of PCSK9. In addition, we report on the sex differences in the relations of elevated circulating PCSK9 levels to the severity and prognosis of coronary artery disease, the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and neurological damage after cardiac arrest and liver injury, as well as inflammatory biomarkers and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Moreover, sex difference in the clinical efficacy of PCSK9 inhibitors application are reviewed. Finally, the underlying mechanisms of sex difference in circulating PCSK9 concentrations and the clinical implications are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Jia
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Si-Fan Fei
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - De-Bing Tong
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Cong Xue
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Cong Xue, ; Jian-Jun Li,
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- Cardio-Metabolic Center, Fu Wai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Cong Xue, ; Jian-Jun Li,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Luo J, Chen S, Wang L, Zhao X, Piao C. Pharmacological effects of polydatin in the treatment of metabolic diseases: A review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 102:154161. [PMID: 35636169 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic diseases (MDs), a series of chronic disorders, severely decreases the quality of life for patients but also cause a heavy economic burden. Emerging evidence suggests that Polydatin (PD), an important glucoside of resveratrol, is widely distributed in many plants and has shown good therapeutic potential in metabolic diseases. PURPOSE To review the PD discovered before 2021 and their potential to treat metabolic diseases. The activities against diabetes, Obesity, atherosclerosis, NAFLD, NASH, hyperlipidemia, and gout with special emphasis on pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action, possible roles in current medicine, and future perspectives are discussed. METHODS A comprehensive search of published literature was conducted to locate original publications pertaining to polydatin and MDs through the end of 2021 using MEDLINE, Elsevier, Springer, PubMed, Scholar, and CNKI databases. The main inquiry used was for the presence of the following keywords in various combinations in the abstracts: 'Polydatin', 'Metabolic diseases', 'Pharmacology', 'Toxicology', 'Pharmacokinetics', 'Diabetes', 'Obesity', 'Atherosclerosis', 'Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease', 'Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis', 'Hyperlipidemia', and 'Gout'. RESULTS The search yielded 987 articles, of which 33 articles were included in this review. Studies have revealed that PD can promote insulin secretion, alleviate insulin resistance, regulate glucose and lipid metabolism, reduce liver lipid deposition, inhibit inflammation, oxidative stress, and decrease uric acid deposition in preclinical experiments. The underlying mechanisms of PD in treatment MDs may be attributed to the regulation of multiple signaling pathways, including. NF-κB, AGEs/RAGE, MAPK/ERK, AMPK/LDLR, IRS1/PI3K/AKT, LKB1/AMPK, PPARβ-NO, SIRT1-PGC-1α-SOD2, PKC, etc., The pharmacokinetic profiles of PD provide valuable information on therapeutic efficacy in treating metabolic diseases. CONCLUSION This review summarizes the available reports and evidence which support the use of PD as a potential candidate in the treatment of MDs and provides an overview of the modulatory effects of PD in metabolic diseases and cell signaling pathways, which may have important implications in its future clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinli Luo
- Institution of Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Institution of Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institution of Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhao
- Institution of Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Chunli Piao
- Institution of Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, 518000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Huang YW, Zhang M, Wang LT, Nie Y, Yang JB, Meng WL, Wang XJ, Sheng J. 20( S)-Protopanaxadiol decreases atherosclerosis in ApoE KO mice by increasing the levels of LDLR and inhibiting its binding with PCSK9. Food Funct 2022; 13:7020-7028. [PMID: 35723202 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00392a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chinese medicinal and edible plants such as Panax notoginseng and ginseng are widely used for the treatment of atherosclerosis (AS). AS is the main pathological basis of cardiac-cerebral vascular disease, which seriously threatens human health and quality of life. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is the main pathogenic factor of AS. The LDL receptor (LDLR) is an important protein that functions to mediate the uptake and degradation of plasma LDL. Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) can mediate the internalization and degradation of LDLR. So, increasing the LDLR level by inhibiting PCSK9 is an important means of prevention and treatment of AS. In this study, by combining interaction technology (surface plasmon resonance, SPR) of small molecule compounds with membrane receptor proteins, cell experiments, and in vivo experiments, it is proved for the first time that 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD), as a hydrolytic product of Panax notoginseng saponins in the intestinal tract, can bind to the extracellular domain of LDLR and inhibit the role of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) in mediating LDLR degradation. The results showed that PPD significantly reduced aortic plaques and hepatic steatosis in HFD-fed ApoE KO mice. LDLR protein levels were elevated in the liver tissues isolated from PPD-treated HFD-fed ApoE KO mice and PPD-treated HepG2 cells. Our findings demonstrated that PPD significantly increased LDLR levels and reduced AS in the HFD-fed ApoE KO mice on account of LDLR degradation being inhibited by PPD inhibiting the interaction between PCSK9 and LDLR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China. .,College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China. .,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Li-Tian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China. .,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yan Nie
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China. .,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jin-Bo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China. .,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Wen-Luer Meng
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China. .,College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Xuan-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China. .,College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jun Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China. .,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Kunming, 650201, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Waiz M, Alvi SS, Khan MS. Potential dual inhibitors of PCSK-9 and HMG-R from natural sources in cardiovascular risk management. EXCLI JOURNAL 2022; 21:47-76. [PMID: 35221836 PMCID: PMC8859648 DOI: 10.17179/excli2021-4453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) stands amongst the leading causes of mortality worldwide and has attracted the attention of world's leading pharmaceutical companies in order to tackle such mortalities. The low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) is considered the most prominent biomarker for the assessment of ASCVD risk. Distinct inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-R), the chief hepatic cholesterogenic enzyme, are being used since last seven decades to manage hypercholesterolemia. On the other hand, discovery and the association of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 (PCSK-9) with increased ASCVD risk have established PCSK-9 as a novel therapeutic target in cardiovascular medicine. PCSK-9 is well reckoned to facilitate the LDL-receptor (LDL-R) degradation and compromised LDL-C clearance leading to the arterial atherosclerotic plaque formation. The currently available HMG-R inhibitors (statins) and PCSK-9 inhibitors (siRNA, anti-sense oligonucleotides, and monoclonal antibodies) have shown great promises in achieving LDL-C lowering goals, however, their life long prescriptions have raised significant concerns. These deficits associated with the synthetic HMG-R and PCSK-9 inhibitors called for the discovery of alternative therapeutic candidates with potential dual HMG-R and PCSK-9 inhibitory activities from natural origins. Therefore, this report firstly describes the mechanistic insights into the cholesterol homeostasis through HMG-R, PCSK-9, and LDL-R functionality and then compiles the pharmacological effects of natural secondary metabolites with special emphasis on their dual HMG-R and PCSK-9 inhibitory action. In conclusion, various natural products exhibit atheroprotective effects via targeting HMG-R and PCSK-9 activities and lipoprotein metabolism, however, further clinical assessments are still warranted prior their approval for ASCVD risk management in hypercholesterolemic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Waiz
- IIRC-5, Clinical Biochemistry and Natural Product Research Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, U.P. 226026, India
| | - Sahir Sultan Alvi
- IIRC-5, Clinical Biochemistry and Natural Product Research Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, U.P. 226026, India
| | - M Salman Khan
- IIRC-5, Clinical Biochemistry and Natural Product Research Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, U.P. 226026, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tang D, Zhang Q, Duan H, Ye X, Liu J, Peng W, Wu C. Polydatin: A Critical Promising Natural Agent for Liver Protection via Antioxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9218738. [PMID: 35186191 PMCID: PMC8853764 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9218738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polydatin, one of the natural active small molecules, was commonly applied in protecting and treating liver disorders in preclinical studies. Oxidative stress plays vital roles in liver injury caused by various factors, such as alcohol, viral infections, dietary components, drugs, and other chemical reagents. It is reported that oxidative stress might be one of the main reasons in the progressive development of alcohol liver diseases (ALDs), nonalcoholic liver diseases (NAFLDs), liver injury, fibrosis, hepatic failure (HF), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this paper, we comprehensively summarized the pharmacological effects and potential molecular mechanisms of polydatin for protecting and treating liver disorders via regulation of oxidative stress. According to the previous studies, polydatin is a versatile natural compound and exerts significantly protective and curative effects on oxidative stress-associated liver diseases via various molecular mechanisms, including amelioration of liver function and insulin resistance, inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines, lipid accumulation, endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy, regulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), as well as increase of antioxidant enzymes (such as catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)). In addition, polydatin acts as a free radical scavenger against reactive oxygen species (ROS) by its phenolic and ethylenic bond structure. However, further clinical investigations are still needed to explore the comprehensive molecular mechanisms and confirm the clinical treatment effect of polydatin in liver diseases related to regulation of oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Huxinyue Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xun Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Wei Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Chunjie Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Avenue, Chengdu 611137, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Polydatin Alleviates Diabetes-Induced Hyposalivation through Anti-Glycation Activity in db/db Mouse. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:pharmaceutics14010051. [PMID: 35056946 PMCID: PMC8777620 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Polydatin (resveratrol-3-O-β-mono-D-glucoside) is a polyphenol that can be easily accessed from peanuts, grapes, and red wine, and is known to have antiglycation, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. Diabetes mellitus is a very common disease, and diabetic complications are very common complications. The dry mouth symptom is one of the most common oral complaints in patients with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is thought to promote hyposalivation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the improvement effect of polydatin on diabetes-induced hyposalivation in db/db mouse model of type 2 diabetes. We examined salivary flow rate, TUNEL assay, PAS staining, and immunohistochemical staining for AGEs, RAGE, HMGB1, 8-OHdG, and AQP5 to evaluate the efficacy of polydatin in the submandibular salivary gland. Diabetic db/db mice had a decreased salivary flow rate and salivary gland weight. The salivary gland of the vehicle-treated db/db mice showed an increased apoptotic cell injury. The AGEs were highly accumulated, and its receptor, RAGE expression was also enhanced. Expressions of HMGB1, an oxidative cell damage marker, and 8-OHdG, an oxidative DNA damage marker, increased greatly. However, polydatin ameliorated this hypofunction of the salivary gland and inhibited diabetes-related salivary cell injury. Furthermore, polydatin improved mucin accumulation, which is used as a damage marker for salivary gland acinar cells, and decreased expression of water channel AQP5 was improved by polydatin. In conclusion, polydatin has a potent protective effect on diabetes-related salivary gland hypofunction through its antioxidant and anti-glycation activities, and its AQP5 upregulation. This result suggests the possibility of the use of polydatin as a therapeutic drug to improve hyposalivation caused by diabetes.
Collapse
|
22
|
Ye P, Wu H, Jiang Y, Xiao X, Song D, Xu N, Ma X, Zeng J, Guo Y. Old dog, new tricks: Polydatin as a multitarget agent for current diseases. Phytother Res 2021; 36:214-230. [PMID: 34936712 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Polydatin (PD) is a natural single-crystal product that is primarily extracted from the traditional plant Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. Early research showed that PD exhibited a variety of biological activities. PD has attracted increasing research interest since 2014, but no review comprehensively summarized the new findings. A great gap between its biological activities and drug development remains. It is necessary to summarize new findings on the pharmacological effects of PD on current diseases. We propose that PD will most likely be used in cardiac and cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion-related diseases and atherosclerosis in the future. The present work classified these new findings according to diseases and summarized the main effects of PD via specific mechanisms of action. In summary, we found that PD played a therapeutic role in a variety of diseases, primarily via five mechanisms: antioxidative effects, antiinflammatory effects, regulation of autophagy and apoptosis, maintenance of mitochondrial function, and lipid regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hefei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinxiao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolin Xiao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Nuo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaoguang Guo
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sun P, Zhao L, Zhang N, Zhou J, Zhang L, Wu W, Ji B, Zhou F. Bioactivity of Dietary Polyphenols: The Role in LDL-C Lowering. Foods 2021; 10:2666. [PMID: 34828946 PMCID: PMC8617782 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of the death around the world. An elevation of the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. To achieve optimal plasma LDL-C levels, clinal therapies were investigated which targeted different metabolism pathways. However, some therapies also caused various adverse effects. Thus, there is a need for new treatment options and/or combination therapies to inhibit the LDL-C level. Dietary polyphenols have received much attention in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases due to their potential LDL-C lowering effects. However, the effectiveness and potential mechanisms of polyphenols in lowering LDL-C is not comprehensively summarized. This review focused on dietary polyphenols that could reduce LDL-C and their mechanisms of action. This review also discussed the limitations and suggestions regarding previous studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.S.); (N.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.J.)
| | - Liang Zhao
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China;
| | - Nanhai Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.S.); (N.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.J.)
| | - Jingxuan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.S.); (N.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.J.)
| | - Liebing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.S.); (N.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.J.)
| | - Wei Wu
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Baoping Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.S.); (N.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.J.)
| | - Feng Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.S.); (N.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mohamed SH, Hassaan MMM, Ibrahim BA, Sabbah NA. PCSK9 E670G (rs505151) Variant and Coronary Artery Disease Risk Among Diabetics. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2021; 25:615-623. [PMID: 34550777 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2021.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is an enzyme in the family of proprotein convertases implicated in lipid metabolism and is a significant genetic risk factor in cardiovascular diseases among various populations. Aim of the Study: This study explored the correlation between the alleles of the rs505151 (E670G) locus of the PCSK9 gene and its expression levels with coronary artery disease (CAD) risk in Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Subjects and Methods: A case-control study was performed on 112 lean subjects compared to 100 T2DM patients without CAD and 84 T2DM patients with CAD to investigate the relationships among PCSK9 expression levels, the E670G (rs505151) gene variant, lipid concentrations, and CAD risk in an Egyptian diabetic population. A restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used to assess the gene polymorphism, and PCSK9 mRNA expression was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Results: The prevalence of the E670G (rs505151) AG genotype in diabetics with CAD was significantly greater than the other two groups. The PCSK9 gene expression levels in diabetics with CAD were significantly greater than the other two groups. G allele carriers (AG+GG) had a higher relative PCSK9 expression than A allele carriers. Conclusion: PCSK9 relative expression levels and the E670G (rs505151) AG genotype are CAD risk factors among Egyptian diabetics and are linked positively to the atherogenic index of plasma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samy H Mohamed
- Medical Biochemistry Department, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Zagazig, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M M Hassaan
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zagazig, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Basma A Ibrahim
- Medical Biochemistry Department, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Zagazig, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Norhan A Sabbah
- Medical Biochemistry Department, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Zagazig, Zagazig, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abd El-Hameed AM, Yousef AI, Abd El-Twab SM, El-Shahawy AAG, Abdel-Moneim A. Hepatoprotective Effects of Polydatin-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles in Diabetic Rats: Modulation of Glucose Metabolism, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation Biomarkers. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:179-189. [PMID: 33832416 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921020061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Polydatin (PD) has a broad range of pharmacological activities; however, its effects on diabetic liver damage are poorly studies. This work is aimed to explore possible protective effects of polydatin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (PD-CSNPs) or PD against liver damage associated with diabetes. Diabetes was induced in rats using nicotinamide/streptozotocin treatment. Diabetic rats were then divided into six groups: normal control rats, diabetic control rats, and rats orally treated with PD, PD-CSNPs, equivalent unloaded CSNPs, or metformin daily for 4 weeks. Treatment with PD and PD-CSNPs significantly reduced the blood glucose content, lipid peroxidation in the liver, and activities of serum transaminases and carbohydrate metabolism enzymes (including succinate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase); by contrast, liver glycogen content, glutathione concentration, and activities of the antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) were markedly increased compared with the control diabetic rats. Furthermore, expression of the tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-1β mRNAs was significantly downregulated, while expression of glucose transporter 2 and glucokinase mRNAs was strongly upregulated vs. control diabetic rats. We concluded that PD-CSNPs and PD ameliorate diabetic liver damage by modulating glucose transporter 2 expression, affecting the activity of carbohydrate metabolism enzymes, and suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation, PD-CSNPs being more efficient than PD, probably due to higher bioavailability and prolonged release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abeer M Abd El-Hameed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, 30002, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed I Yousef
- Molecular Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt.
| | - Sanaa M Abd El-Twab
- Molecular Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed A G El-Shahawy
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt.
| | - Adel Abdel-Moneim
- Molecular Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Quagliariello V, Berretta M, Buccolo S, Iovine M, Paccone A, Cavalcanti E, Taibi R, Montopoli M, Botti G, Maurea N. Polydatin Reduces Cardiotoxicity and Enhances the Anticancer Effects of Sunitinib by Decreasing Pro-Oxidative Stress, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines, and NLRP3 Inflammasome Expression. Front Oncol 2021; 11:680758. [PMID: 34178667 PMCID: PMC8226180 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.680758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents the main renal tumors and are highly metastatic. Sunitinib, a recently-approved, multi-targeted Tyrosine Kinases Inhibitor (TKi), prolongs survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumors, however a dose related cardiotoxicity was well described. Polydatin (3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene-3-β-d-glucoside) is a monocrystalline compound isolated from Polygonum cuspidatum with consolidated anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, however no studies investigated on its putative cardioprotective and chemosensitizing properties during incubation with sunitinib. We investigated on the effects of polydatin on the oxidative stress, NLRP3 inflammasome and Myd88 expression, highlighting on the production of cytokines and chemokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, CXCL-12 and TGF-β) during treatment with sunitinib. Exposure of cardiomyocytes and cardiomyoblasts (AC-16 and H9C2 cell lines) and human renal adenocarcinoma cells (769-P and A498) to polydatin combined to plasma-relevant concentrations of sunitinib reduces significantly iROS, MDA and LTB4 compared to only sunitinib-treated cells (P<0.001). In renal cancer cells and cardiomyocytes polydatin reduces expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines involved in myocardial damages and chemoresistance and down-regulates the signaling pathway of NLRP3 inflammasome, MyD88 and NF-κB. Data of the present study, although in vitro, indicate that polydatin, besides reducing oxidative stress, reduces key chemokines involved in cancer cell survival, chemoresistance and cardiac damages of sunitinib through downregulation of NLRP3-MyD88 pathway, applying as a potential nutraceutical agent in preclinical studies of preventive cardio-oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Quagliariello
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori –IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Berretta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Simona Buccolo
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori –IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Martina Iovine
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori –IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Andrea Paccone
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori –IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Ernesta Cavalcanti
- Laboratory Medicine Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosaria Taibi
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Gruppo Oncologico Ricercatori Italiani, GORI, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Monica Montopoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Scientific Direction, Istituto Nazionale Tumori- IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Nicola Maurea
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori –IRCCS- Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chávez-Castillo M, Ortega Á, Duran P, Pirela D, Marquina M, Cano C, Salazar J, Gonzalez MC, Bermúdez V, Rojas-Quintero J, Velasco M. Phytotherapy for Cardiovascular Disease: A Bench-to-Bedside Approach. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:4410-4429. [PMID: 32310044 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200420160422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
At present, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and global trends suggest that this panorama will persist or worsen in the near future. Thus, optimization of treatment strategies and the introduction of novel therapeutic alternatives for CVD represent key objectives in contemporary biomedical research. In recent years, phytotherapy-defined as the therapeutic use of whole or minimally modified plant components-has ignited large scientific interest, with a resurgence of abundant investigation on a wide array of medicinal herbs (MH) for CVD and other conditions. Numerous MH have been observed to intervene in the pathophysiology of CVD via a myriad of molecular mechanisms, including antiinflammatory, anti-oxidant, and other beneficial properties, which translate into the amelioration of three essential aspects of the pathogenesis of CVD: Dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. Although the preclinical data in this scenario is very rich, the true clinical impact of MH and their purported mechanisms of action is less clear, as large-scale robust research in this regard is in relatively early stages and faces important methodological challenges. This review offers a comprehensive look at the most prominent preclinical and clinical evidence currently available concerning the use of MH in the treatment of CVD from a bench-to-bedside approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mervin Chávez-Castillo
- Psychiatric Hospital of Maracaibo, Maracaibo, Venezuela,Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Ángel Ortega
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Pablo Duran
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Daniela Pirela
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - María Marquina
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Climaco Cano
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Juan Salazar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | | | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Universidad Simón Bolívar, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Joselyn Rojas-Quintero
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Department, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Manuel Velasco
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine José María Vargas, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas,
Venezuela
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Peng J, Zhu CG, Li JJ. The predictive utility of circulating PCSK9 levels on diabetes mellitus. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:45. [PMID: 33581713 PMCID: PMC7881449 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-021-01226-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing data including ours have suggested that proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a novel regulator of cholesterol metabolism, may also play an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is associated with clinical outcomes in diabetic patients. Previous studies revealed that elevated plasma PCSK9 levels had a higher incidence of new-onset T2DM. Moreover, the results of available epidemiological, preclinical, and clinical studies have indicated that plasma PCSK9 concentration is correlated with glycemic parameters and can predict the adverse cardiovascular events in diabetic patients with coronary artery disease. However, there is currently no general agreement about the association of PCSK9 with T2DM. The usefulness of the circulating PCSK9 concentration as a predictor for the risk of new-onset T2DM should be clinically prudential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No 167 BeiLiShi Road, XiCheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Cheng-Gang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No 167 BeiLiShi Road, XiCheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No 167 BeiLiShi Road, XiCheng District, Beijing, 100037, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mostafa F, Abdel-Moneim A, Abdul-Hamid M, Galaly SR, Mohamed HM. Polydatin and polydatin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles attenuate diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:135-152. [PMID: 33389430 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is associated with impairment of heart function. The current study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of polydatin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (PD-CSNPs), polydatin (PD) and metformin (MET) on diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats. Rats divided into six groups; normal-control, diabetic-control, diabetic + CSNPs (diabetic rats treated with 50 mg/kg blank chitosan nanoparticles), diabetic + PD-CSNPs (diabetic rats treated with PD-CSNPs equivalent to 50 mg/kg of polydatin), diabetic + PD (diabetic rats given 50 mg/kg polydatin), diabetic + MET (diabetic rats given 100 mg/kg metformin), orally and daily for 4 weeks. Treatment of diabetic rats with PD-CSNPs, PD and MET showed a significant reduction in the values of glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin with improvement in heart function biomarkers through decreasing serum creatine kinase and creatine kinase myocardial band activities compared to diabetic control. The treatment agents also suppressed the elevated lipid peroxidation product, increased values of glutathione content, superoxide dismutase, superoxide peroxidase, and catalase activities in the heart of diabetic treated rats. Furthermore, PD-CSNPs, PD and MET decreased heart tissue levels of a pro-inflammatory cytokine; tumor necrosis factor-alpha and nuclear factor-kappa β, upregulation of heart gene expressions; nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1. Histological and ultrastructural examinations revealed the ameliorative effect of PD-CSNPs, PD and MET against the harmful of diabetic cardiomyopathy by reducing the cardiac fibers, necrotic cardiac myocytes, inflammatory cell infiltration, and the arrangement of the myofibrils and intercalated discs. In conclusion, the new formula of PD-CSNPs was more effective than PD and MET in amelioration the diabetic cardiomyopathy through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and prolonged-release properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Mostafa
- Histology and Cytology Division, Faculty of Science, Zoology Department, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Adel Abdel-Moneim
- Molecular Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Zoology Department, Beni-Suef University, Salah Salem St, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt.
| | - Manal Abdul-Hamid
- Histology and Cytology Division, Faculty of Science, Zoology Department, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Sanaa R Galaly
- Histology and Cytology Division, Faculty of Science, Zoology Department, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hanaa M Mohamed
- Genetic and Molecular Genetic Division, Faculty of Science, Zoology Department, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yousef AI, Shawki HH, El-Shahawy AA, El-Twab SMA, Abdel-Moneim A, Oishi H. Polydatin mitigates pancreatic β-cell damage through its antioxidant activity. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 133:111027. [PMID: 33249283 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Several reports have been shown the pivotal role of oxidative stress in the progression of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Polydatin (PD), a natural phytochemical, has wide range of pharmacological actions, however, the underlying beneficial effects in pancreas was not clarified. In the current study, using in vivo and in vitro models, we investigated the possible protective effects of PD against oxidative damage in pancreatic β-cells. Diabetic rats were examined after oral administration with PD (50 mg/kg b.wt.) for 28 days. Results revealed that PD significantly enhanced glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in the bloodstream of diabetic rats as well as lipid metabolism. Interestingly, in vivo results indicated that PD decreased the lipid peroxidation, improved the antioxidant status, and inhibited the inflammation in pancreas. Alongside, we artificially induced oxidative stress by exposing the insulin-producing RINm5F cells to hydrogen peroxide in the presence or absence of PD. The co-treatment with PD preserved cell viability, reduced ROS accumulation, as well as enhanced the anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, and cell function markers. To conclude, PD exhibited potential action in preserving β-cell function and inhibiting oxidative damage probably through its antioxidant properties. Thus, PD could be a possible therapeutic agent for diabetic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I Yousef
- Molecular Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt; Department of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Hossam H Shawki
- Department of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan; Department of Animal Genetic Resources, National Gene Bank, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A El-Shahawy
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Sanaa M Abd El-Twab
- Molecular Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Adel Abdel-Moneim
- Molecular Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt.
| | - Hisashi Oishi
- Department of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tan YY, Chen LX, Fang L, Zhang Q. Cardioprotective effects of polydatin against myocardial injury in diabetic rats via inhibition of NADPH oxidase and NF-κB activities. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:378. [PMID: 33308195 PMCID: PMC7733248 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03177-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a main cause of the increased morbidity in diabetic patients, no effective treatment is available so far. Polydatin, a resveratrol glucoside isolated from the Polygonum cuspidatum, was found by our and others have antioxidant and cardioprotective activities. Therapeutic effects of polydatin on diabetic cardiomyopathy and the possible mechanisms remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effects and underlying mechanisms of polydatin on myocardial injury induced by hyperglycemia. Methods Diabetes in rats was made by high-fat diet combined with multiple low doses of streptozotocin, and then treated with polydatin (100 mg·kg-1·day-1, by gavage) for 8 weeks. Cardiac function was examined by echocardiography. Myocardial tissue and blood samples were collected for histology, protein and metabolic characteristics analysis. In cultured H9c2 cells with 30 mM of glucose, the direct effects of polydatin on myocyte injury were also observed. Results In diabetic rats, polydatin administration significantly improved myocardial dysfunction and attenuated histological abnormalities, as evidenced by elevating left ventricular shortening fraction and ejection fraction, as well as reducing cardiac hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis. In cultured H9c2 cells, pretreatment of polydatin dose-dependently inhibited high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte injury. Further observation evidenced that polydatin suppressed the increase in the reactive oxygen species levels, NADPH oxidase activity and inflammatory cytokines production induced by hyperglycemia in vivo and in vitro. Polydatin also prevented the increase expression of NOX4, NOX2 and NF-κB in the high glucose -stimulated H9c2 cells and diabetic hearts. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that the cardioprotective effect of polydatin against hyperglycemia-induced myocardial injury is mediated by inhibition of NADPH oxidase and NF-κB activity. The findings may provide a novel understanding the mechanisms of the polydatin to be a potential treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-020-03177-y.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Tan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Century Avenue, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712046, P. R. China.,Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712046, P. R. China
| | - Lei-Xin Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712046, P. R. China
| | - Ling Fang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Century Avenue, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712046, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Century Avenue, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712046, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Shi J, Zhang W, Niu Y, Lin N, Li X, Zhang H, Hu R, Ning G, Fan J, Qin L, Su Q, Yang Z. Association of circulating proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 levels and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes in subjects with prediabetes: a population-based cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020; 19:209. [PMID: 33302966 PMCID: PMC7726879 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-020-01185-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) regulates cholesterol metabolism by targeting the low-density lipoprotein receptor. Recent studies have shown that circulating PCSK9 is associated with glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to examine the association of circulating PCSK9 levels and risk for the development of type 2 diabetes in individuals with prediabetes. METHODS A population-based prospective study was conducted among 4205 Chinese subjects with prediabetes (average age 56.1 ± 7.5 years). Incident type 2 diabetes was diagnosed according to 2010 American Diabetes Association criteria. Circulating PCSK9 levels were measured using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The association of circulating PCSK9 levels with the risk of incident type 2 diabetes was assessed by Cox regression analysis. RESULTS During a median follow-up period of 3.1 years, 568 subjects developed type 2 diabetes. Baseline circulating PCSK9 levels were significantly higher in female subjects developing incident type 2 diabetes than in those not developing incident type 2 diabetes (p < 0.001). In female subjects, the risk of incident type 2 diabetes was significantly higher in the highest PCSK9 quartile group (hazard ratio 2.16; 95% confidence interval 1.16-4.04) than in the lowest quartile group after adjustments for age, body mass index, waist circumference, C-reactive protein, γ-glutamyltransferase, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance score. No significant association was observed between PCSK9 and incident type 2 diabetes in male subjects. CONCLUSION Elevated circulating PCSK9 levels are associated with an increased incidence of type 2 diabetes in female subjects with prediabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixin Niu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Renming Hu
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ning
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of PR China, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangao Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Digestion and Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Insights into pharmacological mechanisms of polydatin in targeting risk factors-mediated atherosclerosis. Life Sci 2020; 254:117756. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
34
|
Wu M, Li X, Wang S, Yang S, Zhao R, Xing Y, Liu L. Polydatin for treating atherosclerotic diseases: A functional and mechanistic overview. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 128:110308. [PMID: 32480216 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advancement of science and technology, the living standards of human beings have continuously improved, but the incidence and mortality from atherosclerosis worldwide have also increased by year. Although interventional surgery and the continuous development of new drugs have significant therapeutic effects, their side effects cannot be ignored. Polydatin, an active ingredient isolated from the natural medicine Polygonum cuspidatum, has been shown to have a prominent role in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Polydatin treats atherosclerosis mainly from three aspects: anti-inflammatory, regulating lipid metabolism and anti-oxidative stress. This article will review the pharmacological mechanism of polydatin in anti-atherosclerosis, the biological characteristics of Polygonum cuspidatum, the toxicology and pharmacokinetics of polydatin and will provide ideas for further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoya Li
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Songzi Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengjie Yang
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei Xing
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Longtao Liu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Naturally Occurring PCSK9 Inhibitors. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051440. [PMID: 32429343 PMCID: PMC7284437 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic, epidemiological and pharmacological data have led to the conclusion that antagonizing or inhibiting Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) reduces cardiovascular events. This clinical outcome is mainly related to the pivotal role of PCSK9 in controlling low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. The absence of oral and affordable anti-PCSK9 medications has limited the beneficial effects of this new therapeutic option. A possible breakthrough in this field may come from the discovery of new naturally occurring PCSK9 inhibitors as a starting point for the development of oral, small molecules, to be used in combination with statins in order to increase the percentage of patients reaching their LDL-cholesterol target levels. In the present review, we have summarized the current knowledge on natural compounds or extracts that have shown an inhibitory effect on PCSK9, either in experimental or clinical settings. When available, the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles of the listed compounds are described.
Collapse
|
36
|
Xu LN, Yin LH, Jin Y, Qi Y, Han X, Xu YW, Liu KX, Zhao YY, Peng JY. Effect and possible mechanisms of dioscin on ameliorating metabolic glycolipid metabolic disorder in type-2-diabetes. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 67:153139. [PMID: 31881477 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study revealed that microRNA-125a-5p plays a crucial role in regulating hepatic glycolipid metabolism by targeting STAT3 in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Dioscin, a major active ingredient in Dioscoreae nipponicae rhizomes, displays various pharmacological activities, but its role in T2DM has not been reported. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dioscin on T2DM and elucidate its potential mechanism. METHODS The effect of dioscin on glycolipid metabolic disorder in insulin-induced HepG2 cells, palmitic acid-induced AML12 cells, high-fat diet- and streptozotocin- induced T2DM rats, and spontaneous T2DM KK-Ay mice were evaluated. Then, the possible mechanisms of dioscin were comprehensively evaluated. RESULTS Dioscin markedly alleviated the dysregulation of glycolipid metabolism in T2DM by reducing hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, improving insulin resistance, increasing hepatic glycogen content, and attenuating lipid accumulation. When the mechanism was investigated, dioscin was found to markedly elevate miR-125a-5p level and decrease STAT3 expression. Consequently, dioscin increased phosphorylation levels of STAT3, PI3K, AKT, GSK-3β, and FoxO1 and decreased gene levels of PEPCK, G6Pase, SREBP-1c, FAS, ACC, and SCD1, leading to an increase in glycogen synthesis and a decrease in gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis. The effects of dioscin on regulating miR-125a-5p/STAT3 pathway were verified by miR-125a-5p overexpression and STAT3 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS Dioscin showed potent anti-T2DM activity by improving the inhibitory effect of miR-125a-5p on STAT3 signaling to alleviate glycolipid metabolic disorder of T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L-N Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis of Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - L-H Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis of Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Y Jin
- Key Laboratory for Basic and Applied Research on Pharmacodynamic Substances of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Y Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis of Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - X Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis of Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Y-W Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis of Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - K-X Liu
- Key Laboratory for Basic and Applied Research on Pharmacodynamic Substances of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Y-Y Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis of Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - J-Y Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis of Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China; Key Laboratory for Basic and Applied Research on Pharmacodynamic Substances of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Novel polydatin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles for safe and efficient type 2 diabetes therapy: In silico, in vitro and in vivo approaches. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 154:1496-1504. [PMID: 31758992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Polydatin (PD) has many pharmacological activities; however, its bioavailability is still a critical cornerstone issue. The present investigation aimed to develop a novel oral formula of polydatin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (PD-CSNPs) to improve PD therapeutic potential against type 2 diabetes. The interaction mechanism between PD and CSNPs was studied via Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations. The formula was prepared and characterized by FTIR, XRD, TEM, and dynamic light scattering. The release profile of PD was studied in vitro, as well as the cytotoxicity effect versus Vero cell line and antidiabetic activity in type 2 diabetic rats were investigated. The practical results verified the formation of PD-CSNPs with entrapment efficiency of about 96.74 ± 0.39%, size average 144.25 ± 3.37 nm, and the prolonged release pattern was less than 20% after 12 hrs. The cytotoxicity study confirmed the safety of the formula at low and high doses. Moreover, the in vivo study revealed that PD-CSNPs exhibited highly significant antidiabetic efficacy in diabetic rats compared to free PD. To conclude, the current investigation proved that CSNPs are promising nanocarriers for nontoxic and effective PD delivery against type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
|
38
|
Polydatin Inhibits Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Ameliorates Lipid Metabolism in High-Fat-Fed Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:7196535. [PMID: 31828124 PMCID: PMC6885157 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7196535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Polydatin (PD), an active component of Chinese herbs, is reported to have many biological functions, such as cardioprotective actions, anti-inflammatory activities, and antitumor effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of PD on body weight control, glucose and lipid metabolic regulation, and anti-inflammation in a high-fat-diet- (HFD-) induced obese mice model. After treatment of PD (100 mg/kg/d for 4 weeks), HFD mice reduced body weight, retroperitoneal fat mass, and adipose cell sizes; significantly lowered serum total cholesterol triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels; and increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels compared with the HFD control mice. Further studies showed that PD downregulated the mRNA and protein expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a transcription factor involving in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation, in the retroperitoneal fat of HFD mice. Additionally, PD significantly upregulated the mRNA and protein expressions of leptin, an adipocyte-derived anorexic hormone that regulates food intake and energy expenditure, in the adipose tissues of HFD mice. Moreover, PD reduced the expression levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the retroperitoneal and epididymal tissues of HFD mice, suggesting that PD prevented adipose tissue inflammation. In conclusion, PD may serve as a pharmaceutic candidate for obesity-related lipid metabolism, anti-inflammation, and body weight loss.
Collapse
|
39
|
Winston-McPherson GN, Xie H, Yang K, Li X, Shu D, Tang W. Discovery of 2,3'-diindolylmethanes as a novel class of PCSK9 modulators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:2345-2348. [PMID: 31227343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) promotes the degradation of low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). Anti-PCSK9 agents have been approved for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. We recently discovered a series of small-molecule PCSK9 modulators that contains a relatively small pharmacophore of 2,3'-diindolylmethane with molecular weights around only 250. These molecules can significantly lower the amount of PCSK9 protein in a cell-based phenotypic assay. Our SAR studies yielded compound 16 with a IC50-value of 200 nM. No obvious cytotoxicity was observed at concentrations below 50 µM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Haibo Xie
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Ka Yang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Xiaoxun Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Dongxu Shu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Weiping Tang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Oranje P, Gouka R, Burggraaff L, Vermeer M, Chalet C, Duchateau G, van der Pijl P, Geldof M, de Roo N, Clauwaert F, Vanpaeschen T, Nicolaï J, de Bruyn T, Annaert P, IJzerman AP, van Westen GJP. Novel natural and synthetic inhibitors of solute carriers SGLT1 and SGLT2. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2019; 7:e00504. [PMID: 31384471 PMCID: PMC6664820 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective analogs of the natural glycoside phloridzin are marketed drugs that reduce hyperglycemia in diabetes by inhibiting the active sodium glucose cotransporter SGLT2 in the kidneys. In addition, intestinal SGLT1 is now recognized as a target for glycemic control. To expand available type 2 diabetes remedies, we aimed to find novel SGLT1 inhibitors beyond the chemical space of glycosides. We screened a bioactive compound library for SGLT1 inhibitors and tested primary hits and additional structurally similar molecules on SGLT1 and SGLT2 (SGLT1/2). Novel SGLT1/2 inhibitors were discovered in separate chemical clusters of natural and synthetic compounds. These have IC50-values in the 10-100 μmol/L range. The most potent identified novel inhibitors from different chemical clusters are (SGLT1-IC50 Mean ± SD, SGLT2-IC50 Mean ± SD): (+)-pteryxin (12 ± 2 μmol/L, 9 ± 4 μmol/L), (+)-ε-viniferin (58 ± 18 μmol/L, 110 μmol/L), quinidine (62 μmol/L, 56 μmol/L), cloperastine (9 ± 3 μmol/L, 9 ± 7 μmol/L), bepridil (10 ± 5 μmol/L, 14 ± 12 μmol/L), trihexyphenidyl (12 ± 1 μmol/L, 20 ± 13 μmol/L) and bupivacaine (23 ± 14 μmol/L, 43 ± 29 μmol/L). The discovered natural inhibitors may be further investigated as new potential (prophylactic) agents for controlling dietary glucose uptake. The new diverse structure activity data can provide a starting point for the optimization of novel SGLT1/2 inhibitors and support the development of virtual SGLT1/2 inhibitor screening models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Oranje
- Unilever Research & DevelopmentVlaardingenThe Netherlands
| | - Robin Gouka
- Unilever Research & DevelopmentVlaardingenThe Netherlands
| | - Lindsey Burggraaff
- Division of Drug Discovery & Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug ResearchLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Mario Vermeer
- Unilever Research & DevelopmentVlaardingenThe Netherlands
| | - Clément Chalet
- Unilever Research & DevelopmentVlaardingenThe Netherlands
| | - Guus Duchateau
- Unilever Research & DevelopmentVlaardingenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Marian Geldof
- Unilever Research & DevelopmentVlaardingenThe Netherlands
| | - Niels de Roo
- Unilever Research & DevelopmentVlaardingenThe Netherlands
| | - Fenja Clauwaert
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological SciencesKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Toon Vanpaeschen
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological SciencesKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Johan Nicolaï
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological SciencesKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Tom de Bruyn
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological SciencesKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Pieter Annaert
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological SciencesKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Adriaan P. IJzerman
- Division of Drug Discovery & Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug ResearchLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Gerard J. P. van Westen
- Division of Drug Discovery & Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug ResearchLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
PAQR3 regulates phosphorylation of FoxO1 in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells via NF-κB signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res 2019; 381:301-310. [PMID: 31095939 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a significant feature of type 2 diabetes mellitus and glucose and lipid metabolism disorders. Activation of NF-κB signaling pathway plays an important role in the formation of insulin resistance. FoxO1 plays a major role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as insulin signaling pathway. Previous studies have shown that Progestin and AdipoQ Receptor 3 (PAQR3) suppresses the activity of PI3K/Akt, which is an upstream pathway of FoxO1, and additionally promotes the pathological process of diabetic renal inflammatory fibrosis via activating NF-κB pathway. On this basis, it has caused us great concern whether NF-κB is involved in PAQR3 regulation of FoxO1 under insulin resistance. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether PAQR3 regulates phosphorylation of FoxO1 via NF-κB pathway in palmitic acid (PA)-induced insulin-resistant HepG2 cells, thereby causing glucose and lipid metabolism disorders. We found that PA stimulation and PAQR3 overexpression decreased the phosphorylation of FoxO1 and the expressions of glucokinase (GCK) and low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), in addition, promoted the nuclear accumulation of NF-κB. Inhibition of NF-κB pathway increased the phosphorylation of FoxO1 and the expressions of GCK and LDLR which were downregulated by PA stimulation and PAQR3 overexpression. Taken together, in PA-induced insulin-resistant HepG2 cells, PAQR3 might regulate the phosphorylation of FoxO1 and the expressions of GCK and LDLR through NF-κB pathway, thereby regulating the glucose and lipid metabolism disorders induced by insulin resistance.
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death globally, with hypercholesterolemia being an important risk factor. The PCSK9 represents an attractive therapeutic target for hypercholesterolemia treatment and is currently in the spotlight of the scientific community. After autocatalytic activation in the hepatocyte endoplasmic reticulum, this convertase binds to the LDLR and channels it to the degradation pathway. This review gives an overview on the latest developments in the inhibition of PCSK9, including disruption of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) between PCSK9 and LDLR by peptidomimetics, adnectins and monoclonal antibodies and the suppression of PCSK9 expression by small molecules, siRNA and genome editing techniques. In addition, we discuss alternative approaches, such as anti-PCSK9 active vaccination and heparin mimetics.
Collapse
|
43
|
Xu F, Xiao H, Liu R, Yang Y, Zhang M, Chen L, Chen Z, Liu P, Huang H. Paeonol Ameliorates Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Experimental Diabetes by Activating Akt. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:261. [PMID: 30941042 PMCID: PMC6433795 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study proved that paeonol (Pae) could lower blood glucose levels of diabetic mice. There are also a few reports of its potential use for diabetes treatment. However, the role of Pae in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetes remains largely unknown. Considering the critical role of serine/threonine kinase B (Akt) in glucose and lipid metabolism, we explored whether Pae could improve glucose and lipid metabolism disorders via Akt. Here, we found that Pae attenuated fasting blood glucose, glycosylated serum protein, serum cholesterol and triglyceride (TG), hepatic glycogen, cholesterol and TG in diabetic mice. Moreover, Pae enhanced glucokinase (GCK) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) protein expressions, and increased the phosphorylation of Akt. In insulin-resistant HepG2 cells, Pae increased glucose uptake and decreased lipid accumulation. What’s more, Pae elevated LDLR and GCK expressions as well as Akt phosphorylation, which was consistent with the in vivo results. Knockdown and inhibition experiments of Akt revealed that Pae regulated LDLR and GCK expressions through activation of Akt. Finally, molecular docking assay indicated the steady hydrogen bond was formed between Pae and Akt2. Experiments above suggested that Pae ameliorated glucose and lipid metabolism disorders and the underlying mechanism was closely related to the activation of Akt.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Futian Xu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiming Xiao
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renbin Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihao Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiquan Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heqing Huang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Aggrey MO, Li HH, Wang WQ, Wang Y, Xuan LJ. Indole alkaloid from Nauclea latifolia promotes LDL uptake in HepG2 cells by inhibiting PCSK9. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 55:264-268. [PMID: 30668438 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has been found to play a major role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) by promoting hyperlipidemia. Its inhibition has therefore emerged as a viable drug target for improving the outcome of ASCVD. However, current monoclonal antibody PCSK9 inhibitors are considered cost ineffective and there is the need to discover new effective and cheaper small molecule alternatives. PURPOSE The methanolic and ethanolic crude extracts of Nauclea latifolia have been shown to possess anti-hyperlipidemic activity, but the chemical component(s) responsible for this activity and the mechanism of action have remained unknown. The objective of this study was therefore to identify N. latifolia constituents with anti-hyperlipidemic activity and to investigate the inhibition of PCSK9 as a probable mechanism of action. METHOD In the present study, compounds were isolated from the ethanolic extract of the stem of N. latifolia. The alkaloids were evaluated for their DiI-LDL uptake promoting activity in HepG2 cell. The most active compound was further assessed for its effect on low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and PCSK9 protein expressions by western blot. RESULTS 3R-3,14-dihydroangustoline (5), showed a relatively good activity in promoting LDL uptake (1.26-fold). It further increased LDLR protein expression and decreased the protein expression of PCSK9 in a dose dependent manner (1-50 µM). CONCLUSION Alkaloids from N. latifolia may serve as a source of new PCSK9 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mike Okweesi Aggrey
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Qiong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Jiang Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ghasemi F, Sarabi PZ, Athari SS, Esmaeilzadeh A. Therapeutics strategies against cancer stem cell in breast cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 109:76-81. [PMID: 30772480 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is known as a most prevalent cancer and second deadly cancer, among women worldwide. Due to the high incidence rate of breast cancer and limitations of conventional therapy it seemed essential to look for new targets in cancer cells and directly target them such as target therapy on breast cancer stem cells. In this review we indicate some of therapeutic uses of cancer stem cells in breast cancer. Some strategies are targeting surface specific markers and activated signaling pathways in their microenvironment such as Notch, Hedgehog, Wnt/b-catenin, PI3K/Akt, NF-kB, BMP and TGF-β and their maintenance and drug resistance, using various miRNAs, enhancement of CSCs apoptosis, differentiation therapy, blocking epithelial to mesenchymal transition and using different natural compounds. Recent studies have shown that cancer stem cells play major roles in target therapy on breast cancer. The new manipulation approaches of cancer stem cells can be used as target therapy of breast cancer that were highlighted for immunotherapy of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Ghasemi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Zia Sarabi
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Seyyed Shamsadin Athari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center (CGRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Small molecules as inhibitors of PCSK9: Current status and future challenges. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 162:212-233. [PMID: 30448414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) plays an important role in regulating lipoprotein metabolism by binding to low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLRs), leading to their degradation. LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering drugs that operate through the inhibition of PCSK9 are being pursued for the management of hypercholesterolemia and reducing its associated atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Two PCSK9-blocking monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), alirocumab and evolocumab, were approved in 2015. However, the high costs of PCSK9 antibody drugs impede their prior authorization practices and reduce their long-term adherence. Given the potential of small-molecule drugs, the development of small-molecule PCSK9 inhibitors has attracted considerable attention. This article provides an overview of the recent development of small-molecule PCSK9 inhibitors disclosed in the literature and patent applications, and different approaches that have been pursued to modulate the functional activity of PCSK9 using small molecules are described. Challenges and potential strategies in developing small-molecule PCSK9 inhibitors are also discussed.
Collapse
|
47
|
Resveratrol, Metabolic Syndrome, and Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111651. [PMID: 30400297 PMCID: PMC6266067 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a polyphenol which has been shown to have beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome-related alterations in experimental animals, including glucose and lipid homeostasis improvement and a reduction in fat mass, blood pressure, low-grade inflammation, and oxidative stress. Clinical trials have been carried out to address its potential; however, results are still inconclusive. Even though resveratrol is partly metabolized by gut microbiota, the relevance of this “forgotten organ” had not been widely considered. However, in the past few years, data has emerged suggesting that the therapeutic potential of this compound may be due to its interaction with gut microbiota, reporting changes in bacterial composition associated with beneficial metabolic outcomes. Even though data is still scarce and for the most part observational, it is promising nevertheless, suggesting that resveratrol supplementation could be a useful tool for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and its associated conditions.
Collapse
|
48
|
Li L, Shen C, Huang YX, Li YN, Liu XF, Liu XM, Liu JH. A New Strategy for Rapidly Screening Natural Inhibitors Targeting the PCSK9/LDLR Interaction In Vitro. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092397. [PMID: 30235833 PMCID: PMC6225438 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) is a promising target for the treatment of hyperc-holesterolemia. In this study, a new method based on competitive affinity and tag detection was developed, which aimed to evaluate potent natural inhibitors preventing the interaction of PCSK9/LDLR directly. Herein, natural compounds with efficacy in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia were chosen to investigate their inhibitory activities on the PCSK9/LDLR interaction. Two of them, polydatin (1) and tetrahydroxydiphenylethylene-2-O-glucoside (2), were identified as potential inhibitors for the PCSK9/LDLR interaction and were proven to prevent PCSK9-mediated LDLR degradation in HepG2 cells. The results suggested that this strategy could be applied for evaluating potential bioactive compounds inhibiting the interaction of PCSK9/LDLR and this strategy could accelerate the discovery of new drug candidates for the treatment of PCSK9-mediated hypercholesterolemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Chen Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Ya-Xuan Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Ya-Nan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Xiu-Feng Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Xu-Ming Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Ji-Hua Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hao J, Huang K, Chen C, Liang Y, Wang Y, Zhang X, Huang H. Polydatin Improves Glucose and Lipid Metabolisms in Insulin-Resistant HepG2 Cells through the AMPK Pathway. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:891-898. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-01027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hao
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
| | - Kaipeng Huang
- Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University
| | | | - Yan Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University
| | - Heqing Huang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University
- Laboratory Animal Center, Sun Yat-sen University
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Yang SH, Xu RX, Cui CJ, Wang Y, Du Y, Chen ZG, Yao YH, Ma CY, Zhu CG, Guo YL, Wu NQ, Sun J, Chen BX, Li JJ. Liraglutide downregulates hepatic LDL receptor and PCSK9 expression in HepG2 cells and db/db mice through a HNF-1a dependent mechanism. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:48. [PMID: 29618348 PMCID: PMC5885408 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0689-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a major regulator of cholesterol homeostasis, is associated with glucose metabolism. Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, can increase insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner and lower blood glucose. We aimed to investigate the relationship between liraglutide and PCSK9. Methods At the cellular level, the expressions of PCSK9 and hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha (HNF1α) protein in HepG2 cells stimulated by liraglutide was examined using Western blot. Seven-week old db/db mice and wild type (WT) mice were administered either liraglutide (200 μg/kg) or equivoluminal saline subcutaneously, twice daily for 7 weeks. Fasting glucose level, food intake and body weight were measured every week. After the 7-week treatment, the blood was collected for lipid and PCSK9 levels detection and the liver was removed from the mice for oil red O staining, immunohistochemical analysis, immunofluorescence test and Western bolt. Results Firstly, liraglutide suppressed both PCSK9 and HNF1α expression in HepG2 cells in a time and concentration dependent manner. Secondly, liraglutide induced weight loss in WT and db/db mice, decreased serum PCSK9, glucose and lipid levels and improved hepatic accumulation in db/db but not WT mice. Thirdly, liraglutide reduced both hepatic PCSK9 and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) expression with a decrease in HNF1α in db/db mice but not in WT mice. Conclusions Liraglutide suppressed PCSK9 expression through HNF1α-dependent mechanism in HepG2 cells and db/db mice, and decreased LDLR possibly via PCSK9-independent pathways in db/db mice. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12933-018-0689-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Hua Yang
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing, 100037, China.,Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Rui-Xia Xu
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Chuan-Jue Cui
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Ying Du
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Chen
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yu-Hong Yao
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Chun-Yan Ma
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Cheng-Gang Zhu
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yuan-Lin Guo
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Na-Qiong Wu
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Bu-Xing Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, BeiLiShi Road 167, Beijing, 100037, China.
| |
Collapse
|