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Mochel JP, Ward JL, Blondel T, Kundu D, Merodio MM, Zemirline C, Guillot E, Giebelhaus RT, de la Mata P, Iennarella-Servantez CA, Blong A, Nam SL, Harynuk JJ, Suchodolski J, Tvarijonaviciute A, Cerón JJ, Bourgois-Mochel A, Zannad F, Sattar N, Allenspach K. Preclinical modeling of metabolic syndrome to study the pleiotropic effects of novel antidiabetic therapy independent of obesity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20665. [PMID: 39237601 PMCID: PMC11377553 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71202-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health reflects the interactions between metabolic risk factors, chronic kidney disease, and the cardiovascular system. A growing body of literature suggests that metabolic syndrome (MetS) in individuals of normal weight is associated with a high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and an increased mortality. The aim of this study was to establish a non-invasive preclinical model of MetS in support of future research focusing on the effects of novel antidiabetic therapies beyond glucose reduction, independent of obesity. Eighteen healthy adult Beagle dogs were fed an isocaloric Western diet (WD) for ten weeks. Biospecimens were collected at baseline (BAS1) and after ten weeks of WD feeding (BAS2) for measurement of blood pressure (BP), serum chemistry, lipoprotein profiling, blood glucose, glucagon, insulin secretion, NT-proBNP, angiotensins, oxidative stress biomarkers, serum, urine, and fecal metabolomics. Differences between BAS1 and BAS2 were analyzed using non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank testing. The isocaloric WD model induced significant variations in several markers of MetS, including elevated BP, increased glucose concentrations, and reduced HDL-cholesterol. It also caused an increase in circulating NT-proBNP levels, a decrease in serum bicarbonate, and significant changes in general metabolism, lipids, and biogenic amines. Short-term, isocaloric feeding with a WD in dogs replicated key biological features of MetS while also causing low-grade metabolic acidosis and elevating natriuretic peptides. These findings support the use of the WD canine model for studying the metabolic effects of new antidiabetic therapies independent of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Mochel
- Precision One Health Initiative, Department of Pathology, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
- SMART Pharmacology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011-1250, USA.
| | - Jessica L Ward
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011-1250, USA
| | | | - Debosmita Kundu
- SMART Pharmacology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011-1250, USA
| | - Maria M Merodio
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011-1250, USA
| | | | | | - Ryland T Giebelhaus
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, T6G 2G2, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Paulina de la Mata
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, T6G 2G2, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - April Blong
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011-1250, USA
| | - Seo Lin Nam
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, T6G 2G2, Edmonton, Canada
| | - James J Harynuk
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, T6G 2G2, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jan Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Joaquín Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n, Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Agnes Bourgois-Mochel
- Precision One Health Initiative, Department of Pathology, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- SMART Pharmacology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011-1250, USA
| | - Faiez Zannad
- Université de Lorraine, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques Plurithématique 1433 and Inserm U1116, CHRU Nancy, FCRIN INI-CRCT, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Naveed Sattar
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, Scotland, UK
| | - Karin Allenspach
- Precision One Health Initiative, Department of Pathology, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 501 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- SMART Pharmacology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011-1250, USA
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Alharithi YJ, Phillips EA, Wilson TD, Couvillion SP, Nicora CD, Darakjian P, Rakshe S, Fei SS, Counts B, Metz TO, Searles R, Kumar S, Maloyan A. Metabolomic and transcriptomic remodeling of bone marrow myeloid cells in response to maternal obesity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.20.608809. [PMID: 39229218 PMCID: PMC11370391 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.20.608809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Maternal obesity puts the offspring at high risk of developing obesity and cardio-metabolic diseases in adulthood. Here, using a mouse model of maternal high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, we show that whole body fat content of the offspring of HFD-fed mothers (Off-HFD) increases significantly from very early age when compared to the offspring regular diet-fed mothers (Off-RD). We have previously shown significant metabolic and immune perturbations in the bone marrow of newly-weaned offspring of obese mothers. Therefore, we hypothesized that lipid metabolism is altered in the bone marrow Off-HFD in newly-weaned offspring of obese mothers when compared to the Off-RD. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the lipidomic profile of bone marrow cells collected from three-week-old offspring of regular and high fat diet-fed mothers. Diacylgycerols (DAGs), triacylglycerols (TAGs), sphingolipids and phospholipids, including plasmalogen, and lysophospholipids were remarkably different between the groups, independent of fetal sex. Levels of cholesteryl esters were significantly decreased in offspring of obese mothers, suggesting reduced delivery of cholesterol to bone marrow cells. This was accompanied by age-dependent progression of mitochondrial dysfunction in bone marrow cells. We subsequently isolated CD11b+ myeloid cells from three-week-old mice and conducted metabolomics, lipidomics, and transcriptomics analyses. The lipidomic profiles of these bone marrow myeloid cells were largely similar to that seen in bone marrow cells and included increases in DAGs and phospholipids alongside decreased TAGs, except for long-chain TAGs, which were significantly increased. Our data also revealed significant sex-dependent changes in amino acids and metabolites related to energy metabolism. Transcriptomic analysis revealed altered expression of genes related to major immune pathways including macrophage alternative activation, B-cell receptor signaling, TGFβ signaling, and communication between the innate and adaptive immune systems. All told, this study revealed lipidomic, metabolomic, and gene expression abnormalities in bone marrow cells broadly, and in bone marrow myeloid cells particularly, in the newly-weaned offspring of obese mothers, which might at least partially explain the progression of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases in their adulthood.
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Won YS, Bak SG, Chandimali N, Park EH, Lim HJ, Kwon HS, Park SI, Lee SJ. 7-MEGA™ inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and suppresses obesity in high-fat-diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:192. [PMID: 38909257 PMCID: PMC11193219 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02175-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight, often known as obesity, is the abnormal and excessive accumulation of fat that exposes the health of a person at risk by increasing the likelihood that they may experience many chronic conditions. Consequently, obesity has become a global health threat, presenting serious health issues, and attracting a lot of attention in the healthcare profession and the scientific community. METHOD This study aims to explore the anti-adipogenic properties of 7-MEGA™ in an attempt to address obesity, using both in vitro and in vivo research. The effects of 7MEGA™ at three distinct concentrations were investigated in obese mice who were given a high-fat diet (HFD) and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. RESULTS 7MEGA™ decreased the total fat mass, overall body weight, and the perirenal and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (PWAT and SWAT) contents in HFD mice. Additionally, 7MEGA™ showed promise in improving the metabolic health of individuals with obesity and regulate the levels of insulin hormone, pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines. Furthermore, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) α and γ, Uncoupling Protein 1 (UCP-1), Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein 1 (SREBP-1), Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 4 (FABP4), Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS), Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC), Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-1 (SCD-1) and CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein (C/EBPα) were among the adipogenic regulators that 7MEGA™ could regulate. CONCLUSION In summary, this study uncovered that 7MEGA™ demonstrates anti-adipogenic and anti-obesity effects, suggesting its potential in combating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-Seon Won
- Division of Research Management, Department of Bioresource Industrialization, Honam National Institute of Biological Resource, Mokpo, 58762, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Gyeong Bak
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-Gil, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Nisansala Chandimali
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-Gil, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hyun Park
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-Gil, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jin Lim
- Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuck Se Kwon
- R&D Team, Food & Supplement Health Claims, Vitech, Jeonju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ik Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Jae Lee
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-Gil, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Applied Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Wang X, Cui S, Liu J, Ye Z, Xu Y, Wang Z, Tang M, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Huang W. The same species, different nutrients: Lipidomics analysis of muscle in mud crabs (Scylla paramamosain) fed with lard oil and fish oil. Food Chem 2024; 440:138174. [PMID: 38160593 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Aiming to assess the effects of lard oil (LO) and fish oil (FO) on the nutritional value of mud crabs (Scylla paramamosain), non-targeted lipidomics analysis was performed on the muscle of crabs after eight weeks of feeding trail. Compared to FO, dietary LO reduced the content of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS) with 18:0 bound at sn-1/3 site, the content of ether phospholipids containing 20:5n-3 (EPA) and 22:6n-3 (DHA) combined at sn-2 site, and increased the content of ether PE containing 18:0 and 18:1n-9. Furthermore, the deposition of 16:0, 16:1n-7, 18:2n-6, 18:3n-3, 20:4n-6, EPA and DHA at each site of PE, PS, phosphatidylcholine and/or triacylglycerols were reduced by dietary LO, while the DHA content at the sn-2 position of PE was increased. In conclusion, the nutritional value of mud crabs was reduced by dietary LO with the manifestation of variation in FA composition and positional distribution on phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Special Aquatic Formula Feed of Fujian Province, Fujian Tianma Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd., Fuzhou 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Jimei University), P.R.China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Biotechnology (Ningbo University), Ministry of Education, P.R.China.
| | - Shihui Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jinjin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zihao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yifang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mengyao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ziping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Breeding, Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Mindong Aquatic Product Deep-Processing, Ningde 352100, China
| | - Weiqing Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Mindong Aquatic Product Deep-Processing, Ningde 352100, China
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Easton ZJW, Sarr O, Zhao L, Buzatto AZ, Luo X, Zhao S, Li L, Regnault TRH. An Integrated Multi-OMICS Approach Highlights Elevated Non-Esterified Fatty Acids Impact BeWo Trophoblast Metabolism and Lipid Processing. Metabolites 2023; 13:883. [PMID: 37623828 PMCID: PMC10456680 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are linked with impaired placental function and early onset of non-communicable cardiometabolic diseases in offspring. Previous studies have highlighted that the dietary non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) palmitate (PA) and oleate (OA), key dietary metabolites associated with maternal obesity and GDM, are potential modulators of placental lipid processing. Using the BeWo cell line model, the current study integrated transcriptomic (mRNA microarray), metabolomic, and lipidomic readouts to characterize the underlying impacts of exogenous PA and OA on placental villous trophoblast cell metabolism. Targeted gas chromatography and thin-layer chromatography highlighted that saturated and monounsaturated NEFAs differentially impact BeWo cell lipid profiles. Furthermore, cellular lipid profiles differed when exposed to single and multiple NEFA species. Additional multi-omic analyses suggested that PA exposure is associated with enrichment in β-oxidation pathways, while OA exposure is associated with enrichment in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways. Overall, this study further demonstrated that dietary PA and OA are important regulators of placental lipid metabolism. Encouraging appropriate dietary advice and implementing dietary interventions to maintain appropriate placental function by limiting excessive exposure to saturated NEFAs remain crucial in managing at-risk obese and GDM pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. W. Easton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, Medical Sciences Building Room 216, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (Z.J.W.E.); (O.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Ousseynou Sarr
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, Medical Sciences Building Room 216, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (Z.J.W.E.); (O.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, Medical Sciences Building Room 216, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (Z.J.W.E.); (O.S.); (L.Z.)
| | - Adriana Zardini Buzatto
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre (TMIC), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada; (A.Z.B.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Xian Luo
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre (TMIC), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada; (A.Z.B.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Shuang Zhao
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre (TMIC), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada; (A.Z.B.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Liang Li
- The Metabolomics Innovation Centre (TMIC), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada; (A.Z.B.); (X.L.); (S.Z.); (L.L.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Timothy R. H. Regnault
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, Medical Sciences Building Room 216, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada; (Z.J.W.E.); (O.S.); (L.Z.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Western University, B2-401 London Health Science Centre-Victoria Hospital, 800 Commissioners Rd E, London, ON N6H 5W9, Canada
- Children’s Health Research Institute, 800 Commissioners Rd E, London, ON N6C 2V5, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, 750 Base Line Rd E, London, ON N6C 2R5, Canada
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Mlyczyńska E, Bongrani A, Rame C, Węgiel M, Maślanka A, Major P, Zarzycki P, Ducluzeau PH, De Luca A, Bourbao-Tournois C, Froment P, Rak A, Dupont J. Concentration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Human Serum and Adipose Tissues and Stimulatory Effect of Naphthalene in Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021455. [PMID: 36674971 PMCID: PMC9861916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one of the most prevalent classes of environmental pollutants. Some evidence shows that PAHs could be involved in human obesity. However, little is known about the distribution patterns of PAHs in human adipose tissue (AT) and the role of PAHs on adipogenesis/lipogenesis. The aims of this pilot study were to determine concentrations of 16 PAHs defined as high-priority pollutants in the plasma and adipose tissue of French and Polish bariatric patients, as well as their correlation with body mass index (BMI), plasma and AT adipokines expression levels. We finally investigated the role of naphthalene on cell proliferation, viability, and differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The concentration of most PAHs was similar in the three types of AT and it was significantly higher in AT as compared to plasma, suggesting bioaccumulation. Polish patients had higher PAH levels in AT than French ones. Only the concentration of naphthalene in AT was positively correlated with the BMI and serum or adipose chemerin, adiponectin and resistin expression, in French but not in Polish patients, who had significantly higher BMIs. Moreover, naphthalene exposure increased the cell proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and lipogenesis, and increased the expression of genes involved in adipogenesis after cell differentiation. Taken together, PAHs and more particularly naphthalene could be an obesogenic molecule and increase the risk of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Mlyczyńska
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Alice Bongrani
- INRAE UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
- CNRS UMR 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
- Department of Animal Physiology, Université de Tours, 37041 Tours, France
| | - Christelle Rame
- INRAE UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
- CNRS UMR 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
- Department of Animal Physiology, Université de Tours, 37041 Tours, France
| | - Małgorzata Węgiel
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24 Street, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Anna Maślanka
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24 Street, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Piotr Major
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Macieja Jakubowskiego 2 Street, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Zarzycki
- 2nd Department of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Macieja Jakubowskiego 2 Street, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Pierre-Henri Ducluzeau
- INRAE UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
- CNRS UMR 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
- Department of Animal Physiology, Université de Tours, 37041 Tours, France
- CHRU of Tours, Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology and Nutrition, 37032 Tours, France
| | - Arnaud De Luca
- CHRU of Tours, Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology and Nutrition, 37032 Tours, France
- Nutrition, Growth and Cancer (N2C) UMR 1069, University of Tours, INSERM, 37032 Tours, France
| | | | - Pascal Froment
- INRAE UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
- CNRS UMR 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
- Department of Animal Physiology, Université de Tours, 37041 Tours, France
| | - Agnieszka Rak
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9 Street, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- INRAE UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
- CNRS UMR 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, 37380 Nouzilly, France
- Department of Animal Physiology, Université de Tours, 37041 Tours, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-2-47-42-77-89; Fax: +33-2-47-42-77-43
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D’Souza GM, Dias Batista LF, Norris AB, Tedeschi LO. Effect of live yeast supplementation on energy partitioning and ruminal fermentation characteristics of steers fed a grower-type diet in heat-stress conditions. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skac320. [PMID: 36181501 PMCID: PMC9683489 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this trial was to determine the influence of live yeast supplementation (LY), environmental condition (ENV), and their interaction (TRT) on energy partitioning, nitrogen metabolism, and ruminal fermentation dynamics of steers receiving a grower-type diet. The effects of LY and ENV were investigated using a 2 × 2 crossover design that spanned five periods. Eight Angus-crossbred steers were randomly split into pairs and housed in four outdoor pens outfitted with an individualized feeding system. Animals were limit-fed a grower diet (DIET) at 1.2% shrunk body weight (SBW) with no live yeast supplementation (NOY) or a grower diet top-dressed with 10 g LY/d for 14 d (1.2 × 1012 CFU/d). On days 13 and 14, animals were subjected to one of two ENV conditions, thermoneutral (TN; 18.4 ± 1.1 °C, 57.6 ± 2.8% relative humidity [RH]) or heat stress (HS; 33.8 ± 0.6 °C, 55.7 ± 2.7% RH), in two side-by-side, single-stall open-circuit, indirect respiration calorimetry chambers. Data were analyzed using a random coefficients model. Carryover effects were examined and removed from the model if not significant. Gross (GE), digestible, metabolizable, heat, and retained energies were not influenced by DIET, ENV, or TRT (P ≥ 0.202). Gaseous energy, as a percentage of GE, tended to increase during HS (P = 0.097). The only carryover effect in the study was for oxygen consumption (P = 0.031), which could be attributed to the tendency of NOY (P = 0.068) to have greater oxygen consumption. DIET, ENV, or TRT (P ≥ 0.154) had no effects on total animal methane or carbon dioxide emissions. Similarly, DIET, ENV, or TRT (P ≥ 0.157) did not affect ruminal pH, redox, protozoa enumeration, ruminal ammonia concentrations, and acetate-to-propionate ratio. Propionate concentrations were the greatest in animals in TN conditions receiving LY (P = 0.034) compared to the other TRT. This effect is mirrored by TN-LY tending to have greater acetate concentrations (P = 0.076) and total VFA concentrations (P = 0.065). Butyrate concentrations tended to be greater for animals fed LY (P = 0.09). There was a tendency for LY to have elevated numbers of Fusobacterium necrophorum (P = 0.053). Although this study lacked effects of LY on energy partitioning, nitrogen metabolism, and some ruminal parameters during HS, further research should be completed to understand if LY is a plausible mitigation technique to enhance beef animals' performance in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve M D’Souza
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA
| | | | - Aaron B Norris
- Department of Natural Resources Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Luis O Tedeschi
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA
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Thomaz FM, de Jesus Simão J, da Silva VS, Machado MMF, Oyama LM, Ribeiro EB, Alonso Vale MIC, Telles MM. Ginkgo biloba Extract Stimulates Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101294. [PMID: 36297406 PMCID: PMC9610090 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Smaller adipocytes are related to the reversal of metabolic disorders, suggesting that molecules that can act in the adipogenesis pathway are of great interest. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) in modulating the differentiation in preadipocytes. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated for 7 days into adipocytes without (control group) and with GbE at 1.0 mg/mL. Lipid content and gene expression were analyzed on day 7 (D7) by Oil Red O staining and PCR Array Gene Expression. Western blotting analysis of the key adipogenesis markers was evaluated during the differentiation process at days 3 (D3), 5 (D5), and 7 (D7). GbE increased lipid content and raised the gene expression of the main adipogenesis markers. Key proteins of the differentiation process were modulated by GbE, since C/EBPβ levels were decreased, while C/EBPα levels were increased at D7. Regarding the mature adipocytes’ markers, GbE enhanced the levels of both FABP4 at D5, and perilipin at D3 and D5. In summary, the present findings showed that GbE modulated the adipogenesis pathway suggesting that the treatment could accelerate the preadipocyte maturation, stimulating the expression of mature adipocyte proteins earlier than expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Malanconi Thomaz
- Post-Graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, Diadema 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Jussara de Jesus Simão
- Post-Graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, Diadema 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Viviane Simões da Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, Diadema 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Meira Maria Forcelini Machado
- Post-Graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, Diadema 09972-270, Brazil
| | - Lila Missae Oyama
- Discipline of Nutrition Physiology, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Eliane Beraldi Ribeiro
- Discipline of Nutrition Physiology, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Cardoso Alonso Vale
- Post-Graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, Diadema 09972-270, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Monica Marques Telles
- Post-Graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, Diadema 09972-270, Brazil
- Discipline of Nutrition Physiology, Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo—UNIFESP, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil
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9
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Simão JJ, Cruz MM, Abdala FM, Bolsoni-Lopes A, Armelin-Correa L, Alonso-Vale MIC. Palmitoleic Acid Acts on Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells and Promotes Anti-Hypertrophic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Obese Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1194. [PMID: 36297306 PMCID: PMC9609051 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) secretes adipokines, modulators of low-grade chronic inflammation in obesity. Molecules that induce the emergence of new and functional adipocytes in AT can alleviate or prevent inflammatory and metabolic disorders. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of palmitoleic acid (n7) in 3T3-L1 and primary pre-adipocyte differentiation and AT inflammation. C57BL/6j mice were submitted to a control or high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks, and treated with n7 for 4 weeks. Mice consuming a HFD presented an increase in body weight, epididymal (Epi) fat mass, and Epi adipocytes size. N7 treatment attenuated the body weight gain and completely prevented the hypertrophy of Epi adipocytes, but not the increment in Epi mass induced by the HFD, suggesting a greater adipocytes hyperplasia in animals treated with n7. It was agreed that n7 increased 3T3-L1 proliferation and differentiation, as well as the expression of genes involved in adipogenesis, such as Cebpa, Pparg, aP2, Perilipin, and Scl2a4. Furthermore, n7 decreased the inflammatory cytokines Mcp1, Tnfa, Il6, Cxcl10, and Nos2 genes in Epi vascular stromal cells, but not in the whole AT. These findings show that n7 exerts anti-hypertrophic effects in adipocytes which influence the surrounding cells by attenuating the overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines triggered by a HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussara J. Simão
- Post-Graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Maysa M. Cruz
- Post-Graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M. Abdala
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Andressa Bolsoni-Lopes
- Department of Nursing, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria 29075-910, ES, Brazil
| | - Lucia Armelin-Correa
- Post-Graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel C. Alonso-Vale
- Post-Graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil
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10
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Roles of Palmitoleic Acid and Its Positional Isomers, Hypogeic and Sapienic Acids, in Inflammation, Metabolic Diseases and Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142146. [PMID: 35883589 PMCID: PMC9319324 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, the monounsaturated hexadecenoic fatty acids are being increasingly considered as biomarkers of health with key functions in physiology and pathophysiology. Palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7) and sapienic acid (16:1n-10) are synthesized from palmitic acid by the action of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 and fatty acid desaturase 2, respectively. A third positional isomer, hypogeic acid (16:1n-9) is produced from the partial β-oxidation of oleic acid. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of the effects of palmitoleic acid and, where available, sapienic acid and hypogeic acid, on metabolic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cancer. The results have shown diverse effects among studies in cell lines, animal models and humans. Palmitoleic acid was described as a lipokine able to regulate different metabolic processes such as an increase in insulin sensitivity in muscle, β cell proliferation, prevention of endoplasmic reticulum stress and lipogenic activity in white adipocytes. Numerous beneficial effects have been attributed to palmitoleic acid, both in mouse models and in cell lines. However, its role in humans is not fully understood, and is sometimes controversial. Regarding sapienic acid and hypogeic acid, studies on their biological effects are still scarce, but accumulating evidence suggests that they also play important roles in metabolic regulation. The multiplicity of effects reported for palmitoleic acid and the compartmentalized manner in which they often occur, may suggest the overlapping actions of multiple isomers being present at the same or neighboring locations.
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11
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Longitudinal associations between blood lysophosphatidylcholines and skeletal muscle mitochondrial function. GeroScience 2022; 44:2213-2221. [PMID: 35389191 PMCID: PMC9616971 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00548-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) are phospholipids critical in the synthesis of cardiolipin, an essential component of mitochondrial membranes. Lower plasma LPCs have been cross-sectionally associated with lower skeletal muscle mitochondrial function, but whether lower LPCs and their decline over time are longitudinally associated with an accelerated decline of mitochondria function is unknown. We analyzed data from 184 participants in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (mean age: 74.5 years, 57% women, 25% black) who had repeated measures of plasma LPCs (16:0, 16:1, 17:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, 20:3, 20:4, 24:0, and 28:1) by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and repeated measures of skeletal muscle oxidative capacity (kPCr) assessed by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy over an average of 2.4 years. Rates of change in kPCr and each LPC were first estimated using simple linear regression. In multivariable linear regression models adjusted for baseline demographics and PCr % depletion, lower baseline LPC 16:1 and faster rates of decline in LPC 16:1 and 18:1 were significantly associated with a faster rate of decline in kPCr (B = - 0.169, 95% CI: - 0.328, - 0.010, p = 0.038; B = 0.209, 95% CI: 0.065, 0.352, p = 0.005; B = 0.156, 95% CI: 0.011, 0.301, p = 0.035, respectively). Rates of change in other LPCs were not significantly associated with change in kPCr (all p > 0.05). Lower baseline concentrations and faster decline in selected plasma lysophosphatidylcholines over time are associated with faster decline in skeletal muscle mitochondrial function. Strategies to prevent the decline of plasma LPCs at an early stage may slow down mitochondrial function decline and impairment during aging.
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12
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Terluk MR, Tieu J, Sahasrabudhe SA, Moser A, Watkins PA, Raymond GV, Kartha RV. Nervonic Acid Attenuates Accumulation of Very Long-Chain Fatty Acids and is a Potential Therapy for Adrenoleukodystrophy. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:1007-1017. [PMID: 35378685 PMCID: PMC9294126 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01226-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is an X-linked inherited peroxisomal disorder due to mutations in the ALD protein and characterized by accumulation of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA), specifically hexacosanoic acid (C26:0). This can trigger other pathological processes such as mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation, which if involves the brain tissues can result in a lethal form of the disease called childhood cerebral ALD. With the recent addition of ALD to the Recommended Uniform Screening Panel, there is an increase in the number of individuals who are identified with ALD. However, currently, there is no approved treatment for pre-symptomatic individuals that can arrest or delay symptom development. Here, we report our observations investigating nervonic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid as a potential therapy for ALD. Using ALD patient-derived fibroblasts, we examined whether nervonic acid can reverse VLCFA accumulation similar to erucic acid, the active ingredient in Lorenzo's oil, a dietary intervention believed to alter disease course. We have shown that nervonic acid can reverse total lipid C26:0 accumulation in a concentration-dependent manner in ALD cell lines. Further, we show that nervonic acid can protect ALD fibroblasts from oxidative insults, presumably by increasing intracellular ATP production. Thus, nervonic acid can be a potential therapeutic for individuals with ALD, which can alter cellular biochemistry and improve its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia R Terluk
- Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, McGuire Translational Research Facility, 2001 6th St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Julianne Tieu
- Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, McGuire Translational Research Facility, 2001 6th St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Siddhee A Sahasrabudhe
- Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, McGuire Translational Research Facility, 2001 6th St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Ann Moser
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Paul A Watkins
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Gerald V Raymond
- Department of Neurology, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Reena V Kartha
- Center for Orphan Drug Research, University of Minnesota, McGuire Translational Research Facility, 2001 6th St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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13
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Maternal Fructose Intake Causes Developmental Reprogramming of Hepatic Mitochondrial Catalytic Activity and Lipid Metabolism in Weanling and Young Adult Offspring. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020999. [PMID: 35055185 PMCID: PMC8780605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess dietary fructose is a major public health concern, yet little is known about its influence on offspring development and later-life disease when consumed in excess during pregnancy. To determine whether increased maternal fructose intake could have long-term consequences on offspring health, we investigated the effects of 10% w/v fructose water intake during preconception and pregnancy in guinea pigs. Female Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs were fed a control diet (CD) or fructose diet (FD; providing 16% of total daily caloric intake) ad libitum 60 days prior to mating and throughout gestation. Dietary interventions ceased at day of delivery. Offspring were culled at day 21 (D21) (weaning) and at 4 months (4 M) (young adult). Fetal exposure to excess maternal fructose intake significantly increased male and female triglycerides at D21 and 4 M and circulating palmitoleic acid and total omega-7 through day 0 (D0) to 4 M. Proteomic and functional analysis of significantly differentially expressed proteins revealed that FD offspring (D21 and 4 M) had significantly increased mitochondrial metabolic activities of β-oxidation, electron transport chain (ETC) and oxidative phosphorylation and reactive oxygen species production compared to the CD offspring. Western blotting analysis of both FD offspring validated the increased protein abundances of mitochondrial ETC complex II and IV, SREBP-1c and FAS, whereas VDAC1 expression was higher at D21 but lower at 4 M. We provide evidence demonstrating offspring programmed hepatic mitochondrial metabolism and de novo lipogenesis following excess maternal fructose exposure. These underlying asymptomatic programmed pathways may lead to a predisposition to metabolic dysfunction later in life.
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14
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Son YJ, Jung DS, Shin JM, Erdenebileg S, Nho CW. Heracleum dissectum Ledeb. ethanol extract attenuates metabolic syndrome symptoms in high-fat diet-induced obese mice by activating adiponectin/AMPK signaling. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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15
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Drag J, Knapik-Czajka M, Gawedzka A, Gdula-Argasinska J, Jaskiewicz J. Impact of High-Sucrose Diet on the mRNA Levels for Elongases and Desaturases and Estimated Protein Activity in Rat Adipose Tissue. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2021; 86:525-532. [PMID: 33993857 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921050011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) present in the adipose tissue (AT) can be modified by elongases and desaturases. These enzymes are regulated by different factors including nutrients. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of high-sucrose diet (HSD; 68% sucrose) on the levels of mRNAs for elongases (Elovl2, Elovl5, Elovl6) and desaturases (Fads1, Fads2, Scd) and on the activity of the corresponding proteins in the rat AT. Male Wistar rats were randomized into two study groups: fed with an HSD and with a standard diet (ST). The mRNA levels were determined by a semi-quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. FA composition was analyzed by gas chromatography, and FA ratios were used to estimate the activity of the enzymes. In the HSD rats, the levels of Elovl5, Elovl6, Fads1, and Scd mRNAs were higher, while the level of Fads2 mRNA was lower than in the ST group. Higher levels of Elovl5 and Elovl6 mRNAs corresponded to higher relative activities of these enzymes, while downregulation of the Fads2 mRNA was associated with the lower activity of this desaturase. In contrast, an increase in the level of Scd mRNA was accompanied by a decrease in the enzyme activity. Less monounsaturated FAs were detected in the AT of HSD rats than in the ST group. The composition of individual FAs differed between the groups. This study supports the notion that the regulation of mRNA levels and activity of both elongases and desaturases play an important role in managing the AT lipid composition in response to changes in the dietary status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagoda Drag
- Department of Biochemical Analytics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, 30-688, Poland.
| | - Malgorzata Knapik-Czajka
- Department of Biochemical Analytics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, 30-688, Poland.
| | - Anna Gawedzka
- Department of Biochemical Analytics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, 30-688, Poland.
| | - Joanna Gdula-Argasinska
- Department of Radioligands, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, 30-688, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Jaskiewicz
- Department of Biochemical Analytics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, 30-688, Poland.
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16
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Mori H, Dugan CE, Nishii A, Benchamana A, Li Z, Cadenhead TS, Das AK, Evans CR, Overmyer KA, Romanelli SM, Peterson SK, Bagchi DP, Corsa CA, Hardij J, Learman BS, El Azzouny M, Coon JJ, Inoki K, MacDougald OA. The molecular and metabolic program by which white adipocytes adapt to cool physiologic temperatures. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3000988. [PMID: 33979328 PMCID: PMC8143427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although visceral adipocytes located within the body's central core are maintained at approximately 37°C, adipocytes within bone marrow, subcutaneous, and dermal depots are found primarily within the peripheral shell and generally exist at cooler temperatures. Responses of brown and beige/brite adipocytes to cold stress are well studied; however, comparatively little is known about mechanisms by which white adipocytes adapt to temperatures below 37°C. Here, we report that adaptation of cultured adipocytes to 31°C, the temperature at which distal marrow adipose tissues and subcutaneous adipose tissues often reside, increases anabolic and catabolic lipid metabolism, and elevates oxygen consumption. Cool adipocytes rely less on glucose and more on pyruvate, glutamine, and, especially, fatty acids as energy sources. Exposure of cultured adipocytes and gluteal white adipose tissue (WAT) to cool temperatures activates a shared program of gene expression. Cool temperatures induce stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) expression and monounsaturated lipid levels in cultured adipocytes and distal bone marrow adipose tissues (BMATs), and SCD1 activity is required for acquisition of maximal oxygen consumption at 31°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Mori
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Colleen E. Dugan
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Akira Nishii
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ameena Benchamana
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ziru Li
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Thomas S. Cadenhead
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Arun K. Das
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Charles R. Evans
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Katherine A. Overmyer
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Steven M. Romanelli
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sydney K. Peterson
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Devika P. Bagchi
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Callie A. Corsa
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Julie Hardij
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Brian S. Learman
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Mahmoud El Azzouny
- Agilent Technologies, Inc., Santa Clara, California, United States of America
| | - Joshua J. Coon
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- National Center for Quantitative Biology of Complex Systems, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ken Inoki
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ormond A. MacDougald
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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17
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Pinterić M, Podgorski II, Popović Hadžija M, Tartaro Bujak I, Tadijan A, Balog T, Sobočanec S. Chronic High Fat Diet Intake Impairs Hepatic Metabolic Parameters in Ovariectomized Sirt3 KO Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084277. [PMID: 33924115 PMCID: PMC8074326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High fat diet (HFD) is an important factor in the development of metabolic diseases, with liver as metabolic center being highly exposed to its influence. However, the effect of HFD-induced metabolic stress with respect to ovary hormone depletion and sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) is not clear. Here we investigated the effect of Sirt3 in liver of ovariectomized and sham female mice upon 10 weeks of feeding with standard-fat diet (SFD) or HFD. Liver was examined by Folch, gas chromatography and lipid hydroperoxide analysis, histology and oil red staining, RT-PCR, Western blot, antioxidative enzyme and oxygen consumption analyses. In SFD-fed WT mice, ovariectomy increased Sirt3 and fatty acids synthesis, maintained mitochondrial function, and decreased levels of lipid hydroperoxides. Combination of ovariectomy and Sirt3 depletion reduced pparα, Scd-1 ratio, MUFA proportions, CII-driven respiration, and increased lipid damage. HFD compromised CII-driven respiration and activated peroxisomal ROS scavenging enzyme catalase in sham mice, whereas in combination with ovariectomy and Sirt3 depletion, increased body weight gain, expression of NAFLD- and oxidative stress-inducing genes, and impaired response of antioxidative system. Overall, this study provides evidence that protection against harmful effects of HFD in female mice is attributed to the combined effect of female sex hormones and Sirt3, thus contributing to preclinical research on possible sex-related therapeutic agents for metabolic syndrome and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Pinterić
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.P.); (I.I.P.); (M.P.H.); (A.T.); (T.B.)
| | - Iva I. Podgorski
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.P.); (I.I.P.); (M.P.H.); (A.T.); (T.B.)
| | - Marijana Popović Hadžija
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.P.); (I.I.P.); (M.P.H.); (A.T.); (T.B.)
| | - Ivana Tartaro Bujak
- Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Ana Tadijan
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.P.); (I.I.P.); (M.P.H.); (A.T.); (T.B.)
| | - Tihomir Balog
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.P.); (I.I.P.); (M.P.H.); (A.T.); (T.B.)
| | - Sandra Sobočanec
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.P.); (I.I.P.); (M.P.H.); (A.T.); (T.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1-4561-172
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18
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Jo D, Yoon G, Song J. Role of Exendin-4 in Brain Insulin Resistance, Mitochondrial Function, and Neurite Outgrowth in Neurons under Palmitic Acid-Induced Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010078. [PMID: 33435277 PMCID: PMC7827489 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone produced by the gut and brain, and is currently being used as a therapeutic drug for type 2 diabetes and obesity, suggesting that it regulates abnormal appetite patterns, and ameliorates impaired glucose metabolism. Many researchers have demonstrated that GLP-1 agonists and GLP-1 receptor agonists exert neuroprotective effects against brain damage. Palmitic acid (PA) is a saturated fatty acid, and increases the risk of neuroinflammation, lipotoxicity, impaired glucose metabolism, and cognitive decline. In this study, we investigated whether or not Exentin-4 (Ex-4; GLP-1 agonist) inhibits higher production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in an SH-SY5Y neuronal cell line under PA-induced apoptosis conditions. Moreover, pre-treatment with Ex-4 in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells prevents neural apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction through several cellular signal pathways. In addition, insulin sensitivity in neurons is improved by Ex-4 treatment under PA-induced insulin resistance. Additionally, our imaging data showed that neuronal morphology is improved by EX-4 treatment, in spite of PA-induced neuronal damage. Furthermore, we identified that Ex-4 inhibits neuronal damage and enhanced neural complexity, such as neurite length, secondary branches, and number of neurites from soma in PA-treated SH-SY5Y. We observed that Ex-4 significantly increases neural complexity, dendritic spine morphogenesis, and development in PA treated primary cortical neurons. Hence, we suggest that GLP-1 administration may be a crucial therapeutic solution for improving neuropathology in the obese brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danbi Jo
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea; (D.J.); (G.Y.)
- BK21 PLUS Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-757, Korea
| | - Gwangho Yoon
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea; (D.J.); (G.Y.)
- BK21 PLUS Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-757, Korea
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea; (D.J.); (G.Y.)
- BK21 PLUS Center for Creative Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-757, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+82-61-379-2706; Fax: +82-61-375-5834
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Farokh Nezhad R, Nourbakhsh M, Razzaghy-Azar M, Sharifi R, Yaghmaei P. The effect of trans-palmitoleic acid on cell viability and sirtuin 1 gene expression in hepatocytes and the activity of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-alpha. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 25:105. [PMID: 33824670 PMCID: PMC8019128 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_16_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Accumulation of fatty acids in liver causes lipotoxicity which is followed by nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The association between intakes of trans-fatty acids with metabolic diseases is still controversial. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of trans-palmitoleic acid (tPA) and palmitic acid (PA) on lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, focusing on the gene expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) as well as the transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells were cultured and treated with various concentrations of tPA and PA (C16:0). The accumulation of triglyceride in the cells was measured by enzymatic method. Gene expression was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The activity of PPARα was assessed by luciferase reporter assay after transfection of human embryonic kidney 293T cells by a vector containing the PPAR response element. Results: While concentration >1 mM for PA and cis-PA (cPA) reduced the viability of hepatocytes, tPA revealed an opposite effect and increased cell survival. Lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells after treatment with tPA was significantly lower than that in cells treated with PA. In addition, tPA at physiological concentration had no effect on the expression of SIRT1 while at high concentration significantly augmented its expression. There was a modest increase in PPARα activity at low concentration of tPA. Conclusion: tPA causes less lipid accumulation in hepatocytes with no detrimental effect on cell viability and might be beneficial for liver cells by the activation of SIRT1 and induction of PPARα activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Farokh Nezhad
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Nourbakhsh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Razzaghy-Azar
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,H. Aliasghar Children's Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Sharifi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parichehreh Yaghmaei
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Parasitic Chytrids Upgrade and Convey Primary Produced Carbon During Inedible Algae Proliferation. Protist 2020; 171:125768. [PMID: 33126022 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2020.125768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Microbial parasites have only recently been included in planktonic food web studies, but their functional role in conveying dietary energy still remains to be elucidated. Parasitic fungi (chytrids) infecting phytoplankton may constitute an alternative trophic link and promote organic matter transfer through the production of dissemination zoospores. Particularly, during proliferation of inedible or toxic algal species, such as large Cyanobacteria fostered by global warming, parasites can constitute an alternative trophic link providing essential dietary nutrients that support somatic growth and reproduction of consumers. Using phytoplankton-parasites associations grown under laboratory controlled conditions we assessed the fatty acids and biochemical composition of species with different nutritional quality and followed the metabolic pathway from the algal host and their parasites zoospores using compound-specific stable isotope analysis. This study demonstrated that chytrids are trophic upgraders able to retain essential nutrients that can be transferred to upper trophic levels both in terms of organic matter quantity and nutritional quality. Through the production of zoospores, nutritionally important long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids that can be consequently assimilated by consumers. We conclude that parasitism at the base of aquatic food webs may represent a crucial trophic link for dietary nutrients and essential biomolecules alternative to herbivory or bacterivory, which can be particularly crucial during the proliferation of inedible or nutritionally inadequate algal species fostered by climate change.
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21
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Alarcón P, Manosalva C, Quiroga J, Belmar I, Álvarez K, Díaz G, Taubert A, Hermosilla C, Carretta MD, Burgos RA, Hidalgo MA. Oleic and Linoleic Acids Induce the Release of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps via Pannexin 1-Dependent ATP Release and P2X1 Receptor Activation. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:260. [PMID: 32582772 PMCID: PMC7291836 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) such as oleic acid (OA) and linoleic acid (LA) are associated with a higher incidence of infectious diseases such as metritis and mastitis during the bovine peripartum. Fatty acids can induce an increase in the release of ATP, and changes in the expression levels of purinergic receptors in bovine polymorphonuclears (PMN) during peripartum have also been reported. PMN respond to inflammatory processes with production of ROS, release of proteolytic and bactericidal proteins, and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs formation is known to require ATP production through glycolysis. Studies have shown that the above-mentioned metabolic changes alter innate immune responses, particularly in PMN. We hypothesized that NEFAs induce the formation of NETs through ATP release by Pannexin 1 and activation of purinergic receptors. In this study, we found that OA and LA induce NET formation and extracellular ATP release. Carbenoxolone, a pannexin-1 (PANX1) inhibitor, reduced OA- and LA-induced ATP release. We also found that P2X1, P2X4, P2X5, P2X7, and PANX1 were expressed at the mRNA level in bovine PMN. Additionally, NEFA-induced NET formation was completely abolished with exposure to NF449, a P2X1 antagonist, and partially inhibited by treatment with etomoxir, an inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Our results suggest that OA and LA induce NET formation and ATP release via PANX1 and activation of P2X1. These new data contribute to explaining the effects of NEFA high concentrations during the transition period of dairy cattle and further understanding of pro-inflammatory effects and outcome of postpartum diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Alarcón
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carolina Manosalva
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Pharmacy, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - John Quiroga
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Isidora Belmar
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Karina Álvarez
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Gustavo Díaz
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Anja Taubert
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Carlos Hermosilla
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - María D Carretta
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rafael A Burgos
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - María A Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Inflammation Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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22
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Cruz MM, Simão JJ, de Sá RDCC, Farias TSM, da Silva VS, Abdala F, Antraco VJ, Armelin-Correa L, Alonso-Vale MIC. Palmitoleic Acid Decreases Non-alcoholic Hepatic Steatosis and Increases Lipogenesis and Fatty Acid Oxidation in Adipose Tissue From Obese Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:537061. [PMID: 33117273 PMCID: PMC7561405 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.537061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that palmitoleic acid (C16:1n7), a monounsaturated fatty acid, increases the metabolic and oxidative capacity of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Herein, the effect of 16:1n7 supplementation on metabolic parameters on white adipose tissue (WAT) and liver of obese mice induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) was addressed by analyzing metabolic (dys)function and altered genes expression in adipose tissue, as well as liver and serum biochemistry analysis. For this purpose, mice were induced to obesity for 8 weeks, and from the 5th week, they received 16:1n7 (300 mg/kg per day) or water for 30 days, by gavage. Subcutaneous inguinal (ING) and epididymal (EPI) WAT were removed for analysis of metabolic, (anti)inflammatory, adipogenic, and thermogenic genes expression by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, metabolic activities of isolated adipocytes, such as glucose uptake, lipogenesis (triacylglycerol esterification), β-oxidation, and lipolysis in ING adipocytes, were also assessed. Despite the higher fat intake, the HFD group showed lower food intake but higher body weight, increased glucose, significant dyslipidemia, and increased liver and adipose depot mass, accompanied by liver steatosis. The 16:1n7 supplementation slowed down the body mass gain and prevented the increase of lipids in the liver. HFD+n7 animals presented increased fatty acid oxidation and lipogenesis compared to control, but no effect was observed on lipolysis and glucose uptake in ING isolated adipocytes. Besides, 16:1n7 increased the content of the mRNA encoding FABP4, but partially prevented the expression of genes encoding ATGL, HSL, perilipin, lipin, C/EBP-α, PPAR-γ, C/EBP-β, CPT1, NRF1, TFAM, PRDM16, and nitric oxide synthase 2 in ING depot from HFD group of animals. Finally, HFD increased Mcp1 and Tnfα expression, and 16:1n7 promoted a more marked increase in it. In summary, the data show that palmitoleic acid promotes metabolic changes and partially prevents the increase in gene expression on adipocytes triggered by obesity, suggesting that HFD+n7 animals do not require the same magnitude of metabolic adaptation to cope with energy demand from the HFD. In the long term, the effects of 16:1n7 may be more evident and beneficial for the function/dysfunction of WAT from an obese organism, with relevant repercussions in the systemic metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysa M. Cruz
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology – Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Jussara J. Simão
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology – Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Roberta D. C. C. de Sá
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology – Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Talita S. M. Farias
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology – Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Viviane S. da Silva
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology – Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Abdala
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Vitor J. Antraco
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology – Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Lucia Armelin-Correa
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology – Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel C. Alonso-Vale
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology – Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Maria Isabel C. Alonso-Vale
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23
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Hernández-Saavedra D, Stanford KI. The Regulation of Lipokines by Environmental Factors. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2422. [PMID: 31614481 PMCID: PMC6835582 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a highly metabolically-active tissue that senses and secretes hormonal and lipid mediators that facilitate adaptations to metabolic tissues. In recent years, the role of lipokines, which are lipid species predominantly secreted from adipose tissue that act as hormonal regulators in many metabolic tissues, has been an important area of research for obesity and diabetes. Previous studies have identified that these secreted lipids, including palmitoleate, 12,13-diHOME, and fatty acid-hydroxy-fatty acids (FAHFA) species, are important regulators of metabolism. Moreover, environmental factors that directly affect the secretion of lipokines such as diet, exercise, and exposure to cold temperatures constitute attractive therapeutic strategies, but the mechanisms that regulate lipokine stimulation have not been thoroughly reviewed. In this study, we will discuss the chemical characteristics of lipokines that position them as attractive targets for chronic disease treatment and prevention and the emerging roles of lipokines as regulators of inter-tissue communication. We will define the target tissues of lipokines, and explore the ability of lipokines to prevent or delay the onset and development of chronic diseases. Comprehensive understanding of the lipokine synthesis and lipokine-driven regulation of metabolic outcomes is instrumental for developing novel preventative and therapeutic strategies that harness adipose tissue-derived lipokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Hernández-Saavedra
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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24
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Bikulčienė I, Golubevaitė O, Žėkas V, Radzevičius M, Karčiauskaitė D, Matuzevičienė R, Hendrixson V, Mažeikienė A, Burokienė N, Kaminskas A, Kučinskienė ZA. Association of Platelet Membrane Fatty Acid Composition with Markers of Oxidative Stress in Healthy Men. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:6405-6416. [PMID: 31448759 PMCID: PMC6726356 DOI: 10.12659/msm.915111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Platelet membranes are extremely susceptible to peroxidation, forming a variety of lipid peroxides, including malondialdehyde (MDA), which has been implicated in the etiology of cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, platelet-leukocyte aggregates (PLAs) are known to contribute to advanced endothelial injury and atherogenesis. Material/Methods Fatty acid (FA) methyl esters of the platelet membranes of 79 apparently healthy men without any acute clinical condition at the time of the study were identified by GC/MS. MDA was measured by HPLC in blood serum, and PLAs were analyzed by whole-blood flow cytometry. Individuals were divided into quartiles according to MDA concentration and percentage of PLAs formation. The composition of platelet membrane FAs was compared to MDA concentration and the percentage of PLAs formation in apparently healthy individuals. Results In quartiles (Q) with higher MDA concentration, percentage of C 16: 1ω7 (Q1vs. Q3, p=0.021), C 20: 1ω9 (Q2vs. Q4, p=0.028) and C 20: 5ω3 (Q2vs. Q4, p=0.046) was lower. However, C 22: 5ω3 (Q1vs. Q4, p=0.038) and total ω3 (Q1vs. Q2, p=0.024) were higher. Conclusions MDA and the formation of platelet-monocyte aggregates stimulate the incorporation of monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids in platelet phospholipid membranes, which may be a hallmark for a changed level of biologically active compounds required for the activation of future platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Bikulčienė
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Orinta Golubevaitė
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Žėkas
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mantas Radzevičius
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dovilė Karčiauskaitė
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rėda Matuzevičienė
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vaiva Hendrixson
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Asta Mažeikienė
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Neringa Burokienė
- Clinics of Internal Diseases, Family Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arvydas Kaminskas
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Zita Aušrelė Kučinskienė
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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25
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Zhong Y, Zeng L, Deng J, Duan Y, Li F. β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) improves mitochondrial function in myocytes through pathways involving PPARβ/δ and CDK4. Nutrition 2019; 60:217-226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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26
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The effect of ELOVL6 fatty acid elongase inhibition on the expression of genes associated with the metastasis of breast cancer. Russ Chem Bull 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-018-2374-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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Gerphagnon M, Agha R, Martin‐Creuzburg D, Bec A, Perriere F, Rad‐Menéndez C, Gachon CM, Wolinska J. Comparison of sterol and fatty acid profiles of chytrids and their hosts reveals trophic upgrading of nutritionally inadequate phytoplankton by fungal parasites. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:949-958. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Gerphagnon
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) Germany
| | - Ramsy Agha
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) Germany
| | - Dominik Martin‐Creuzburg
- Limnological Institute, Department of Biology, University of Constance Mainaustrasse 252, 78464 Constance Germany
| | - Alexandre Bec
- Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement‐Université Clermont Auvergne France
| | - Fanny Perriere
- Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement‐Université Clermont Auvergne France
| | - Cecilia Rad‐Menéndez
- Culture Collection of Algae and ProtozoaScottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute UK
| | - Claire M.M. Gachon
- Culture Collection of Algae and ProtozoaScottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute UK
| | - Justyna Wolinska
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) Germany
- Department of BiologyChemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Germany
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28
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de Farias TDSM, Cruz MM, de Sa RCDC, Severi I, Perugini J, Senzacqua M, Cerutti SM, Giordano A, Cinti S, Alonso-Vale MIC. Melatonin Supplementation Decreases Hypertrophic Obesity and Inflammation Induced by High-Fat Diet in Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:750. [PMID: 31749764 PMCID: PMC6848267 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity results from critical periods of positive energy balance characterized by caloric intake greater than energy expenditure. This disbalance promotes adipose tissue dysfunction which is related to other comorbidities. Melatonin is a low-cost therapeutic agent and studies indicate that its use may improve obesity-related disorders. To evaluate if the melatonin is efficient in delaying or even blocking the damages caused by excessive ingestion of a high-fat diet (HFD) in mice, as well as improving the inflammatory profile triggered by obesity herein, male C57BL/6 mice of 8 weeks were induced to obesity by a HFD and treated for 10 weeks with melatonin. The results demonstrate that melatonin supplementation attenuated serum triglyceride levels and total and LDL cholesterol and prevented body mass gain through a decreased lipogenesis rate and increased lipolytic capacity in white adipocytes, with a concomitant increment in oxygen consumption and Pgc1a and Prdm16 expression. Altogether, these effects prevented adipocyte hypertrophy caused by HFD and reflected in decreased adiposity. Finally, melatonin supplementation reduced the crown-like-structure (CLS) formation, characteristic of the inflammatory process by macrophage infiltration into white adipose tissue of obese subjects, as well as decreased the gene expression of inflammation-related factors, such as leptin and MCP1. Thus, the melatonin can be considered a potential therapeutic agent to attenuate the metabolic and inflammatory disorders triggered by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita da Silva Mendes de Farias
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Maysa Mariana Cruz
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Roberta Cavalcante da Cunha de Sa
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Ilenia Severi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Ancona (Politecnica Delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
- Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica Delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
| | - Jessica Perugini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Ancona (Politecnica Delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
- Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica Delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
| | - Martina Senzacqua
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Ancona (Politecnica Delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
- Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica Delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
| | - Suzete Maria Cerutti
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Ancona (Politecnica Delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
- Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica Delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Ancona (Politecnica Delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
- Center of Obesity, University of Ancona (Politecnica Delle Marche), Ancona, Italy
| | - Maria Isabel Cardoso Alonso-Vale
- Post-graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Maria Isabel Cardoso Alonso-Vale
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Therapeutic targeting of lipid synthesis metabolism for selective elimination of cancer stem cells. Arch Pharm Res 2018; 42:25-39. [PMID: 30536027 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-018-1098-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are believed to have an essential role in tumor resistance and metastasis; however, no therapeutic strategy for the selective elimination of CSCs has been established. Recently, several studies have shown that the metabolic regulation for ATP synthesis and biological building block generation in CSCs are different from that in bulk cancer cells and rather similar to that in normal tissue stem cells. To take advantage of this difference for CSC elimination therapy, many studies have tested the effect of blocking these metabolism. Two specific processes for lipid biosynthesis, i.e., fatty acid unsaturation and cholesterol biosynthesis, have been shown to be very effective and selective for CSC targets. In this review, lipid metabolism specific to CSCs are summarized. In addition, how monounsaturated fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis may contribute to CSC maintenance are discussed. Specifically, the molecular mechanism required for lipid synthesis and essential for stem cell biology is highlighted. The limit and preview of the lipid metabolism targeting for CSCs are also discussed.
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Pan Y, Zhao W, Zhao D, Wang C, Yu N, An T, Mo F, Liu J, Miao J, Lv B, Gu Y, Gao S, Jiang G. Salvianolic Acid B Improves Mitochondrial Function in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes Through a Pathway Involving PPARγ Coactivator-1α (PGC-1α). Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:671. [PMID: 30072891 PMCID: PMC6060424 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Mitochondrial dysfunction in adipose tissue has emerged as key to the development of obesity and diabetes. Salvianolic acid B (SalB) is a water-soluble ingredient derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza that has been shown to possess potential anti-obese and anti-diabetic activities. However, the cellular mechanism of SalB on mitochondrial function with respect to these metabolic disorders has not been elucidated. Therefore, we aim to investigate the effects of SalB on mitochondrial function in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and analyze the underlying molecular mechanism. Methods: The effects of SalB on adipocyte differentiation, glucose uptake, and glycerol release were evaluated in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Differentiated adipocytes were treated with SalB (50 μM) with or without PPARγ antagonist (GW9662, 20 μM) for 48 h, and mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) as well as extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) were assessed using an XF Extracellular Flux Analyzer. The mitochondrial distribution of adipocytes was assessed using Mito Tracker Green (MTG) and observed under a fluorescent microscope. In addition, the mRNA expression levels of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ/α (PPARγ/α), CCAAT/enhancer binding proteinα (C/EBPα), Nuclear respiratory factor 1/2 (NRF1/2), Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), and phosphofructokinase 2/fructose-2, 6-bisphosphatase 2 (PFKFB2) were detected by RT-PCR. Finally, changes in the protein levels of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) were determined by western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis. Results: Treatment with SalB increased glucose uptake and mitochondrial respiration, reduced glycerol release and promoted adipocyte differentiation by increasing mRNA expression of adipogenic transcription factors including PPARγ, C/EBPα, and PPARα. Furthermore, SalB enhanced adipocytes mitochondrial content, mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis capacity, which had been attenuated by GW9662 treatment through the increased expression of PGC-1α. Conclusion: Our results provide novel insights into the role of PGC-1α and mitochondria as probable mediators of SalB activity in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun Pan
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoyang Wang
- College of Acupuncture, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Na Yu
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian An
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Mo
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxian Liu
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jianan Miao
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bohan Lv
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Gu
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Sihua Gao
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guangjian Jiang
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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