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Liu S, Zhou S. Lactate: A New Target for Brain Disorders. Neuroscience 2024; 552:100-111. [PMID: 38936457 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Lactate in the brain is produced endogenously and exogenously. The primary functional cells that produce lactate in the brain are astrocytes. Astrocytes release lactate to act on neurons, thereby affecting neuronal function, through a process known as the astrocyte-neuron shuttle. Lactate affects microglial function as well and inhibits microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. Lactate also provides energy, acts as a signaling molecule, and promotes neurogenesis. This article summarizes the role of lactate in cells, animals, and humans. Lactate is a protective molecule against stress in healthy organisms and in the early stages of brain disorders. Thus, lactate may be a potential therapeutic target for brain disorders. Further research on the role of lactate in microglia may have great prospects. This article provides a new perspective and research direction for the study of lacate in brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunfeng Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China; Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Shouhong Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China; Basic Medical College, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, China.
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2
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Peng X, He Z, Yuan D, Liu Z, Rong P. Lactic acid: The culprit behind the immunosuppressive microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024:189164. [PMID: 39096976 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
As a solid tumor with high glycolytic activity, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) produces excess lactic acid and increases extracellular acidity, thus forming a unique immunosuppressive microenvironment. L-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) play a very important role in glycolysis. LDH is the key enzyme for lactic acid (LA) production, and MCT is responsible for the cellular import and export of LA. The synergistic effect of the two promotes the formation of an extracellular acidic microenvironment. In the acidic microenvironment of HCC, LA can not only promote the proliferation, survival, transport and angiogenesis of tumor cells but also have a strong impact on immune cells, ultimately leading to an inhibitory immune microenvironment. This article reviews the role of LA in HCC, especially its effect on immune cells, summarizes the progress of LDH and MCT-related drugs, and highlights the potential of immunotherapy targeting lactate combined with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopei Peng
- Department of Radiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; Molecular Imaging Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Zhenhu He
- Department of Radiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; Molecular Imaging Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Dandan Yuan
- Department of Radiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; Molecular Imaging Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Pengfei Rong
- Department of Radiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; Molecular Imaging Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.
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3
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Tassinari ID, Rodrigues FDS, Bertram C, Mendes-da-Cruz DA, Guedes RP, Paz AH, Bambini-Junior V, de Fraga LS. Lactate Protects Microglia and Neurons from Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1762-1781. [PMID: 38551797 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Lactate has received attention as a potential therapeutic intervention for brain diseases, particularly those including energy deficit, exacerbated inflammation, and disrupted redox status, such as cerebral ischemia. However, lactate roles in metabolic or signaling pathways in neural cells remain elusive in the hypoxic and ischemic contexts. Here, we tested the effects of lactate on the survival of a microglial (BV-2) and a neuronal (SH-SY5Y) cell lines during oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) or OGD followed by reoxygenation (OGD/R). Lactate signaling was studied by using 3,5-DHBA, an exogenous agonist of lactate receptor GPR81. Inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) or monocarboxylate transporters (MCT), using oxamate or 4-CIN, respectively, was performed to evaluate the impact of lactate metabolization and transport on cell viability. The OGD lasted 6 h and the reoxygenation lasted 24 h following OGD (OGD/R). Cell viability, extracellular lactate concentrations, microglial intracellular pH and TNF-ɑ release, and neurite elongation were evaluated. Lactate or 3,5-DHBA treatment during OGD increased microglial survival during reoxygenation. Inhibition of lactate metabolism and transport impaired microglial and neuronal viability. OGD led to intracellular acidification in BV-2 cells, and reoxygenation increased the release of TNF-ɑ, which was reverted by lactate and 3,5-DHBA treatment. Our results suggest that lactate plays a dual role in OGD, acting as a metabolic and a signaling molecule in BV-2 and SH-SY5Y cells. Lactate metabolism and transport are vital for cell survival during OGD. Moreover, lactate treatment and GPR81 activation during OGD promote long-term adaptations that potentially protect cells against secondary cell death during reoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora D'Ávila Tassinari
- Graduate Program in Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, 90050-003, Brazil
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Fernanda da Silva Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Craig Bertram
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Daniella Arêas Mendes-da-Cruz
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Renata Padilha Guedes
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Ana Helena Paz
- Graduate Program in Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, 90050-003, Brazil
| | - Victorio Bambini-Junior
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Luciano Stürmer de Fraga
- Graduate Program in Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, 90050-003, Brazil.
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Bastola T, Perkins GA, Huu VAN, Ju S, Kim KY, Shen Z, Skowronska-Krawczyk D, Weinreb RN, Ju WK. Administration of Bicarbonate Protects Mitochondria, Rescues Retinal Ganglion Cells, and Ameliorates Visual Dysfunction Caused by Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:743. [PMID: 38929182 PMCID: PMC11200884 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key factor causing mitochondrial dysfunction and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death in glaucomatous neurodegeneration. The cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway is involved in mitochondrial protection, promoting RGC survival. Soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) is a key regulator of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway, which is known to protect mitochondria and promote RGC survival. However, the precise molecular mechanisms connecting the sAC-mediated signaling pathway with mitochondrial protection in RGCs against oxidative stress are not well characterized. Here, we demonstrate that sAC plays a critical role in protecting RGC mitochondria from oxidative stress. Using mouse models of oxidative stress induced by ischemic injury and paraquat administration, we found that administration of bicarbonate, as an activator of sAC, protected RGCs, blocked AMP-activated protein kinase activation, inhibited glial activation, and improved visual function. Moreover, we found that this is the result of preserving mitochondrial dynamics (fusion and fission), promoting mitochondrial bioenergetics and biogenesis, and preventing metabolic stress and apoptotic cell death. Notably, the administration of bicarbonate ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction in RGCs by enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis, preserving mitochondrial structure, and increasing ATP production in oxidatively stressed RGCs. These findings suggest that activating sAC enhances the mitochondrial structure and function in RGCs to counter oxidative stress, consequently promoting RGC protection. We propose that modulation of the sAC-mediated signaling pathway has therapeutic potential acting on RGC mitochondria for treating glaucoma and other retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonking Bastola
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (T.B.); (V.A.N.H.); (Z.S.); (R.N.W.)
| | - Guy A. Perkins
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA (S.J.); (K.-Y.K.)
| | - Viet Anh Nguyen Huu
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (T.B.); (V.A.N.H.); (Z.S.); (R.N.W.)
| | - Saeyeon Ju
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA (S.J.); (K.-Y.K.)
| | - Keun-Young Kim
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA (S.J.); (K.-Y.K.)
| | - Ziyao Shen
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (T.B.); (V.A.N.H.); (Z.S.); (R.N.W.)
| | - Dorota Skowronska-Krawczyk
- Center for Translational Vision Research, Department of Physiology, Biophysics & Ophthalmology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
| | - Robert N. Weinreb
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (T.B.); (V.A.N.H.); (Z.S.); (R.N.W.)
| | - Won-Kyu Ju
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (T.B.); (V.A.N.H.); (Z.S.); (R.N.W.)
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5
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Morgan AB, Fan Y, Inman DM. The ketogenic diet and hypoxia promote mitophagy in the context of glaucoma. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1409717. [PMID: 38841201 PMCID: PMC11150683 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1409717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial homeostasis includes balancing organelle biogenesis with recycling (mitophagy). The ketogenic diet protects retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) from glaucoma-associated neurodegeneration, with a concomitant increase in mitochondrial biogenesis. This study aimed to determine if the ketogenic diet also promoted mitophagy. MitoQC mice that carry a pH-sensitive mCherry-GFP tag on the outer mitochondrial membrane were placed on a ketogenic diet or standard rodent chow for 5 weeks; ocular hypertension (OHT) was induced via magnetic microbead injection in a subset of control or ketogenic diet animals 1 week after the diet began. As a measure of mitophagy, mitolysosomes were quantified in sectioned retina immunolabeled with RBPMS for RGCs or vimentin for Müller glia. Mitolysosomes were significantly increased as a result of OHT and the ketogenic diet (KD) in RGCs. Interestingly, the ketogenic diet increased mitolysosome number significantly higher than OHT alone. In contrast, OHT and the ketogenic diet both increased mitolysosome number in Müller glia to a similar degree. To understand if hypoxia could be a stimulus for mitophagy, we quantified mitolysosomes after acute OHT, finding significantly greater mitolysosome number in cells positive for pimonidazole, an adduct formed in cells exposed to hypoxia. Retinal protein analysis for BNIP3 and NIX showed no differences across groups, suggesting that these receptors were equivocal for mitophagy in this model of OHT. Our data indicate that OHT and hypoxia stimulate mitophagy and that the ketogenic diet is an additive for mitophagy in RGCs. The different response across RGCs and Müller glia to the ketogenic diet may reflect the different metabolic needs of these cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Denise M. Inman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
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Knecht KT, Chiriac G, Guan HD. The potential impact of a vegetarian diet on glaucoma. Surv Ophthalmol 2024:S0039-6257(24)00048-1. [PMID: 38768761 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma has centered on the lowering of intraocular pressure that damages the optic nerve; however, this strategy is not uniformly successful, especially in normal tension glaucoma, and there is interest in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other neuroprotective strategies. Vegetarian diets are known to be rich in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory components and have a number of established health benefits. Thus, it would be reasonable to assume that vegetarian diets would be beneficial in glaucoma, but this approach has not been well studied. We examine the possible role of vegetarian diets and their components in the incidence and progression of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn T Knecht
- Loma Linda University School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Gabriela Chiriac
- Loma Linda University School of Public Health, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Howard D Guan
- Loma Linda University Eye Institute, Loma Linda, California, USA.
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7
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Fang Y, Li Z, Yang L, Li W, Wang Y, Kong Z, Miao J, Chen Y, Bian Y, Zeng L. Emerging roles of lactate in acute and chronic inflammation. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:276. [PMID: 38755659 PMCID: PMC11097486 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01624-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, lactate has been considered a 'waste product' of cellular metabolism. Recent findings have shown that lactate is a substance that plays an indispensable role in various physiological cellular functions and contributes to energy metabolism and signal transduction during immune and inflammatory responses. The discovery of lactylation further revealed the role of lactate in regulating inflammatory processes. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the paradoxical characteristics of lactate metabolism in the inflammatory microenvironment and highlight the pivotal roles of lactate homeostasis, the lactate shuttle, and lactylation ('lactate clock') in acute and chronic inflammatory responses from a molecular perspective. We especially focused on lactate and lactate receptors with either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects on complex molecular biological signalling pathways and investigated the dynamic changes in inflammatory immune cells in the lactate-related inflammatory microenvironment. Moreover, we reviewed progress on the use of lactate as a therapeutic target for regulating the inflammatory response, which may provide a new perspective for treating inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunda Fang
- School of First Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhengjun Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- College of Health Economics Management, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jingwen Library, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wen Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, ·School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, ·School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ziyang Kong
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, ·School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jia Miao
- School of First Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yanqi Chen
- School of First Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yaoyao Bian
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, ·School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- TCM Rehabilitation Center, Jiangsu Second Chinese Medicine Hospital, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Li Zeng
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of TCM External Medication Development and Application, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China.
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8
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Bastola T, Perkins GA, Huu VAN, Ju S, Kim KY, Shen Z, Skowronska-Krawczyk D, Weinreb RN, Ju WK. Activating soluble adenylyl cyclase protects mitochondria, rescues retinal ganglion cells, and ameliorates visual dysfunction caused by oxidative stress. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.04.583371. [PMID: 38496531 PMCID: PMC10942326 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.04.583371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key factor causing mitochondrial dysfunction and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death in glaucomatous neurodegeneration. The cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway is involved in mitochondrial protection, promoting RGC survival. Soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) is one of the key regulators of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the sAC-mediated signaling pathway and mitochondrial protection in RGCs that counter oxidative stress are not well characterized. Here, we demonstrate that sAC plays a critical role in protecting RGC mitochondria from oxidative stress. Using mouse models of oxidative stress, we found that activating sAC protected RGCs, blocked AMP-activated protein kinase activation, inhibited glial activation, and improved visual function. Moreover, we found that this is the result of preserving mitochondrial dynamics (fusion and fission), promoting mitochondrial bioenergetics and biogenesis, and preventing metabolic stress and apoptotic cell death in a paraquat oxidative stress model. Notably, sAC activation ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction in RGCs by enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis, preserving mitochondrial structure, and increasing ATP production in oxidatively stressed RGCs. These findings suggest that activating sAC enhances the mitochondrial structure and function in RGCs to counter oxidative stress, consequently promoting RGC protection. We propose that modulation of the sAC-mediated signaling pathway has therapeutic potential acting on RGC mitochondria for treating glaucoma and other retinal diseases.
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9
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Neudorf H, Little JP. Impact of fasting & ketogenic interventions on the NLRP3 inflammasome: A narrative review. Biomed J 2024; 47:100677. [PMID: 37940045 PMCID: PMC10821592 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2023.100677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Overactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is implicated in chronic low-grade inflammation associated with various disease states, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Emerging evidence, mostly from cell and animal models of disease, supports a role for ketosis in general, and the main circulating ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) in particular, in reducing NLRP3 inflammasome activation to improve chronic inflammation. As a result, interventions that can induce ketosis (e.g., fasting, intermittent fasting, time-restricted feeding/eating, very low-carbohydrate high-fat ketogenic diets) and/or increase circulating BHB (e.g., exogenous ketone supplementation) have garnered increasing interest for their therapeutic potential. The purpose of the present review is to summarize our current understanding of the literature on how ketogenic interventions impact the NLRP3 inflammasome across human, rodent and cell models. Overall, there is convincing evidence that ketogenic interventions, likely acting through multiple interacting mechanisms in a cell-, disease- and context-specific manner, can reduce NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The evidence supports a direct effect of BHB, although it is important to consider the myriad of other metabolic responses to fasting or ketogenic diet interventions (e.g., elevated lipolysis, low insulin, stable glucose, negative energy balance) that may also impact innate immune responses. Future research is needed to translate promising findings from discovery science to clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Neudorf
- University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Jonathan P Little
- University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada.
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Choi S, Choi SH, Bastola T, Park Y, Oh J, Kim KY, Hwang S, Miller YI, Ju WK. AIBP: A New Safeguard against Glaucomatous Neuroinflammation. Cells 2024; 13:198. [PMID: 38275823 PMCID: PMC10814024 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a group of ocular diseases that cause irreversible blindness. It is characterized by multifactorial degeneration of the optic nerve axons and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), resulting in the loss of vision. Major components of glaucoma pathogenesis include glia-driven neuroinflammation and impairment of mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics, leading to retinal neurodegeneration. In this review article, we summarize current evidence for the emerging role of apolipoprotein A-I binding protein (AIBP) as an important anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective factor in the retina. Due to its association with toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), extracellular AIBP selectively removes excess cholesterol from the plasma membrane of inflammatory and activated cells. This results in the reduced expression of TLR4-associated, cholesterol-rich lipid rafts and the inhibition of downstream inflammatory signaling. Intracellular AIBP is localized to mitochondria and modulates mitophagy through the ubiquitination of mitofusins 1 and 2. Importantly, elevated intraocular pressure induces AIBP deficiency in mouse models and in human glaucomatous retina. AIBP deficiency leads to the activation of TLR4 in Müller glia, triggering mitochondrial dysfunction in both RGCs and Müller glia, and compromising visual function in a mouse model. Conversely, restoring AIBP expression in the retina reduces neuroinflammation, prevents RGCs death, and protects visual function. These results provide new insight into the mechanism of AIBP function in the retina and suggest a therapeutic potential for restoring retinal AIBP expression in the treatment of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghwan Choi
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.C.); (T.B.); (Y.P.)
| | - Soo-Ho Choi
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Tonking Bastola
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.C.); (T.B.); (Y.P.)
| | - Younggun Park
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.C.); (T.B.); (Y.P.)
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghyun Oh
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.C.); (T.B.); (Y.P.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Young Kim
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sinwoo Hwang
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.C.); (T.B.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yury I. Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Won-Kyu Ju
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (S.C.); (T.B.); (Y.P.)
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11
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Ju WK, Ha Y, Choi S, Kim KY, Bastola T, Kim J, Weinreb RN, Zhang W, Miller YI, Choi SH. Restoring AIBP expression in the retina provides neuroprotection in glaucoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.16.562633. [PMID: 37905114 PMCID: PMC10614877 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.16.562633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease manifested in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death and irreversible blindness. While lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only proven therapeutic strategy in glaucoma, it is insufficient for preventing disease progression, thus justifying the recent focus on targeting retinal neuroinflammation and preserving RGCs. We have identified apolipoprotein A-I binding protein (AIBP) as the protein regulating several mechanisms of retinal neurodegeneration. AIBP controls excessive cholesterol accumulation via upregulating the cholesterol transporter ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 (ABCA1) and reduces inflammatory signaling via toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and mitochondrial dysfunction. ABCA1, TLR4 and oxidative phosphorylation components are genetically linked to primary open-angle glaucoma. Here we demonstrated that AIBP and ABCA1 expression was decreased, while TLR4, interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta), and the cholesterol content increased in the retina of patients with glaucoma and in mouse models of glaucoma. Restoring AIBP expression by a single intravitreal injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-AIBP protected RGCs in glaucomatous DBA/2J mice, in mice with microbead-induced chronic IOP elevation, and optic nerve crush. In addition, AIBP expression attenuated TLR4 and IL-1 beta expression, localization of TLR4 to lipid rafts, reduced cholesterol accumulation, and ameliorated visual dysfunction. These studies collectively indicate that restoring AIBP expression in the glaucomatous retina reduces neuroinflammation and protects RGCs and Muller glia, suggesting the therapeutic potential of AAV-AIBP in human glaucoma.
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12
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Rombaut A, Brautaset R, Williams PA, Tribble JR. Glial metabolic alterations during glaucoma pathogenesis. FRONTIERS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY 2023; 3:1290465. [PMID: 38983068 PMCID: PMC11182098 DOI: 10.3389/fopht.2023.1290465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness. Current treatment options are limited and often only slow disease progression. Metabolic dysfunction has recently been recognized as a key early and persistent mechanism in glaucoma pathophysiology. Several intrinsic metabolic dysfunctions have been identified and treated in retinal ganglion cells to provide neuroprotection. Growing pre-clinical and clinical evidence has confirmed that metabolic alterations in glaucoma are widespread, occurring across visual system tissues, in ocular fluids, in blood/serum, and at the level of genomic and mitochondrial DNA. This suggests that metabolic dysfunction is not constrained to retinal ganglion cells and that metabolic alterations extrinsic to retinal ganglion cells may contribute to their metabolic compromise. Retinal ganglion cells are reliant on glial metabolic support under normal physiological conditions, but the implications of metabolic dysfunction in glia are underexplored. We highlight emerging evidence that has demonstrated metabolic alterations occurring within glia in glaucoma, and how this may affect neuro-glial metabolic coupling and the metabolic vulnerability of retinal ganglion cells. In other neurodegenerative diseases which share features with glaucoma, several other glial metabolic alterations have been identified, suggesting that similar mechanisms and therapeutic targets may exist in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pete A. Williams
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - James R. Tribble
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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de Souza PB, de Araujo Borba L, Castro de Jesus L, Valverde AP, Gil-Mohapel J, Rodrigues ALS. Major Depressive Disorder and Gut Microbiota: Role of Physical Exercise. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16870. [PMID: 38069198 PMCID: PMC10706777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) has a high prevalence and is a major contributor to the global burden of disease. This psychiatric disorder results from a complex interaction between environmental and genetic factors. In recent years, the role of the gut microbiota in brain health has received particular attention, and compelling evidence has shown that patients suffering from depression have gut dysbiosis. Several studies have reported that gut dysbiosis-induced inflammation may cause and/or contribute to the development of depression through dysregulation of the gut-brain axis. Indeed, as a consequence of gut dysbiosis, neuroinflammatory alterations caused by microglial activation together with impairments in neuroplasticity may contribute to the development of depressive symptoms. The modulation of the gut microbiota has been recognized as a potential therapeutic strategy for the management of MMD. In this regard, physical exercise has been shown to positively change microbiota composition and diversity, and this can underlie, at least in part, its antidepressant effects. Given this, the present review will explore the relationship between physical exercise, gut microbiota and depression, with an emphasis on the potential of physical exercise as a non-invasive strategy for modulating the gut microbiota and, through this, regulating the gut-brain axis and alleviating MDD-related symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Borges de Souza
- Center of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88037-000, SC, Brazil; (P.B.d.S.); (L.d.A.B.); (L.C.d.J.); (A.P.V.)
| | - Laura de Araujo Borba
- Center of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88037-000, SC, Brazil; (P.B.d.S.); (L.d.A.B.); (L.C.d.J.); (A.P.V.)
| | - Louise Castro de Jesus
- Center of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88037-000, SC, Brazil; (P.B.d.S.); (L.d.A.B.); (L.C.d.J.); (A.P.V.)
| | - Ana Paula Valverde
- Center of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88037-000, SC, Brazil; (P.B.d.S.); (L.d.A.B.); (L.C.d.J.); (A.P.V.)
| | - Joana Gil-Mohapel
- Island Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Ana Lúcia S. Rodrigues
- Center of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88037-000, SC, Brazil; (P.B.d.S.); (L.d.A.B.); (L.C.d.J.); (A.P.V.)
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14
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Yang J, Yuan S, Jian Y, Lei Y, Hu Z, Yang Q, Yan X, Zheng L, Li J, Liu W. Aerobic exercise regulates GPR81 signal pathway and mediates complement- microglia axis homeostasis on synaptic protection in the early stage of Alzheimer's disease. Life Sci 2023; 331:122042. [PMID: 37634815 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Memory impairment is a major clinical manifestation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, while regular exercise may prevent and delay degenerative changes in memory functions, and our aim is to explore the influence and molecular mechanisms of aerobic exercise on the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. MAIN METHODS 3-month-old male APP/PS1 transgenic AD mice and C57BL/6J wild-type mice were randomly divided into four groups: wild-type and APP/PS1 mice with sedentary (WT-SED, AD-SED), and running (WT-RUN, AD-RUN) for 12-weeks. The spatial learning and memory function, RNA-sequencing, spine density, synaptic associated protein, mRNA and protein expression involved in G protein-coupled receptor 81 (GPR81) signaling pathway, and complement factors in brain were measured. KEY FINDINGS Aerobic exercise improved spatial learning and memory in APP/PS1 mice, potentially attributed to increased dendritic spine density. Subsequently, potential underlying mechanisms were identified through RNA sequencing: regular aerobic exercise could activate the cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) cAMP/PKA signaling pathway and upregulate synaptic function-related proteins to promote synaptic growth, possibly by modulating GPR81. Notably, regular aerobic exercise inhibited microglial activation, reversed the microglial phenotype, reduced the production of initiation factor C1q and central factor C3 in the complement cascade in the brain, prevented the colocalization of microglia and PSD-95, and thus prevented synaptic loss. SIGNIFICANCE Physical exercise could play a critical role in improving cognitive function in AD by promoting synaptic growth and preventing synaptic loss, which may be related to the regulation of the GPR81/cAMP/PKA signaling pathway and inhibition of complement-mediated microglial phagocytosis of synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialun Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Shunling Yuan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Ye Jian
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Yong Lei
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Zelin Hu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Qiming Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Xinjun Yan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Lan Zheng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- College of Physical Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Wenfeng Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China; Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
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15
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Venanzi AW, Carmy-Bennun T, Marino FS, Ribeiro M, Hackam AS. Context-Dependent Effects of the Ketogenic Diet on Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival and Axonal Regeneration After Optic Nerve Injury. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2023; 39:509-518. [PMID: 37172141 PMCID: PMC10616950 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2023.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: There is increasing interest in nonpharmacologic approaches to protect retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) after injury and enhance the efficacy of therapeutic molecules. Accumulating evidence demonstrates neuroprotection by the high-fat low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (KD) in humans and animal models of neurologic diseases. However, no studies to date have examined whether the KD protects RGCs and promotes axonal regrowth after traumatic injury to the optic nerve (ON) or whether it increases efficacy of experimental proregenerative molecules. In this study, we investigated whether the KD promoted RGC survival and axonal regeneration after ON injury in the presence and absence of neuroprotective Wnt3a ligand. Methods: Adult mice were placed on a KD or control diet before ON crush injury and remained on the diet until the end of the experiment. Nutritional ketosis was confirmed by measuring serum beta-hydroxybutyrate levels. Mice were intravitreally injected with Wnt3a ligand or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and RGC survival, function, axonal regeneration, and inflammatory responses were measured. Results: Mice fed the KD showed increased RGC survival and reduced inflammatory cells in PBS-injected mice. Also, mice fed the KD had increased RGC functional responses but not increased RGC numbers in the presence of Wnt3a, indicating that the KD did not enhance the prosurvival effect of Wnt3a. The KD did not promote axonal regeneration in the presence or absence of Wnt3a. Conclusions: The KD has a complex protective effect after ON injury and cotreatment with Wnt3a. This work sets the foundation for studies identifying underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W. Venanzi
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Tal Carmy-Bennun
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Felicia S. Marino
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Marcio Ribeiro
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Abigail S. Hackam
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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16
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Kolotyeva NA, Gilmiyarova FN, Averchuk AS, Baranich TI, Rozanova NA, Kukla MV, Tregub PP, Salmina AB. Novel Approaches to the Establishment of Local Microenvironment from Resorbable Biomaterials in the Brain In Vitro Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14709. [PMID: 37834155 PMCID: PMC10572431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of brain in vitro models requires the application of novel biocompatible materials and biopolymers as scaffolds for controllable and effective cell growth and functioning. The "ideal" brain in vitro model should demonstrate the principal features of brain plasticity like synaptic transmission and remodeling, neurogenesis and angiogenesis, and changes in the metabolism associated with the establishment of new intercellular connections. Therefore, the extracellular scaffolds that are helpful in the establishment and maintenance of local microenvironments supporting brain plasticity mechanisms are of critical importance. In this review, we will focus on some carbohydrate metabolites-lactate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, malate-that greatly contribute to the regulation of cell-to-cell communications and metabolic plasticity of brain cells and on some resorbable biopolymers that may reproduce the local microenvironment enriched in particular cell metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frida N. Gilmiyarova
- Department of Fundamental and Clinical Biochemistry with Laboratory Diagnostics, Samara State Medical University, 443099 Samara, Russia
| | - Anton S. Averchuk
- Brain Science Institute, Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana I. Baranich
- Brain Science Institute, Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Maria V. Kukla
- Brain Science Institute, Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel P. Tregub
- Brain Science Institute, Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Pathophysiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alla B. Salmina
- Brain Science Institute, Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia
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17
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Bima A, Eldakhakhny B, Alamoudi AA, Awan Z, Alnami A, Abo-Elkhair SM, Sakr H, Ghoneim FM, Elsamanoudy A. Molecular Study of the Protective Effect of a Low-Carbohydrate, High-Fat Diet against Brain Insulin Resistance in an Animal Model of Metabolic Syndrome. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1383. [PMID: 37891752 PMCID: PMC10605073 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain insulin resistance is linked to metabolic syndrome (MetS). A low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) diet has been proposed to have a protective effect. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the brain insulin resistance markers in a rat animal model of MetS and the protective effects of the LCHF diet. Four groups of male rats (10/group) were created. Group I (Control) was fed a regular diet. Groups II-IV were injected with dexamethasone (DEX) to induce MetS. Group II received DEX with a regular diet. Group III (DEX + LCHF) rates were fed a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet, while Group IV (DEX + HCLF) rats were fed a high-carbohydrate, low-fat (HCLF) diet. At the end of the four-week experiment, HOMA-IR was calculated. Moreover, cerebral gene expression analysis of S-100B, BDNF, TNF-α, IGF-1, IGF-1 R, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-5, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 was carried out. In the DEX group, rats showed a significant increase in the HOMA-IR and a decrease in the gene expression of IGF-1, IGF-1 R, IGFBP-2, IGFBP-5, BDNF, and Bcl2, with a concomitant rise in S100B, TNF-α, Bax, and caspase-3. The LCHF diet group showed a significantly opposite effect on all parameters. In conclusion, MetS is associated with dysregulated cerebral gene expression of BDNF, S100B, and TNF-α and disturbed IGF-1 signaling, with increased apoptosis and neuroinflammation. Moreover, the LCHF diet showed a protective effect, as evidenced by preservation of the investigated biochemical and molecular parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhadi Bima
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (B.E.); (A.A.A.); (Z.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Basmah Eldakhakhny
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (B.E.); (A.A.A.); (Z.A.); (A.A.)
- Food, Nutrition, and Lifestyle Research Unit, King Fahd for Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aliaa A. Alamoudi
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (B.E.); (A.A.A.); (Z.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Zuhier Awan
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (B.E.); (A.A.A.); (Z.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Abrar Alnami
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (B.E.); (A.A.A.); (Z.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Salwa Mohamed Abo-Elkhair
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Hussein Sakr
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman;
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Fatma Mohamed Ghoneim
- Faculty Development Unit, Physiological Science and Medical Education Department, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah 23323, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ayman Elsamanoudy
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.); (B.E.); (A.A.A.); (Z.A.); (A.A.)
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
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18
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Tribble JR, Hui F, Quintero H, El Hajji S, Bell K, Di Polo A, Williams PA. Neuroprotection in glaucoma: Mechanisms beyond intraocular pressure lowering. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 92:101193. [PMID: 37331129 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a common, complex, multifactorial neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive dysfunction and then loss of retinal ganglion cells, the output neurons of the retina. Glaucoma is the most common cause of irreversible blindness and affects ∼80 million people worldwide with many more undiagnosed. The major risk factors for glaucoma are genetics, age, and elevated intraocular pressure. Current strategies only target intraocular pressure management and do not directly target the neurodegenerative processes occurring at the level of the retinal ganglion cell. Despite strategies to manage intraocular pressure, as many as 40% of glaucoma patients progress to blindness in at least one eye during their lifetime. As such, neuroprotective strategies that target the retinal ganglion cell and these neurodegenerative processes directly are of great therapeutic need. This review will cover the recent advances from basic biology to on-going clinical trials for neuroprotection in glaucoma covering degenerative mechanisms, metabolism, insulin signaling, mTOR, axon transport, apoptosis, autophagy, and neuroinflammation. With an increased understanding of both the basic and clinical mechanisms of the disease, we are closer than ever to a neuroprotective strategy for glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Tribble
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Flora Hui
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Optometry & Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Heberto Quintero
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Sana El Hajji
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Katharina Bell
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Australia; Eye ACP Duke-NUS, Singapore
| | - Adriana Di Polo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Pete A Williams
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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19
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Kong D, Sun JX, Yang JQ, Li YS, Bi K, Zhang ZY, Wang KH, Luo HY, Zhu M, Xu Y. Ketogenic diet: a potential adjunctive treatment for substance use disorders. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1191903. [PMID: 37575322 PMCID: PMC10414993 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1191903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUD) can lead to serious health problems, and there is a great interest in developing new treatment methods to alleviate the impact of substance abuse. In recent years, the ketogenic diet (KD) has shown therapeutic benefits as a dietary therapy in a variety of neurological disorders. Recent studies suggest that KD can compensate for the glucose metabolism disorders caused by alcohol use disorder by increasing ketone metabolism, thereby reducing withdrawal symptoms and indicating the therapeutic potential of KD in SUD. Additionally, SUD often accompanies increased sugar intake, involving neural circuits and altered neuroplasticity similar to substance addiction, which may induce cross-sensitization and increased use of other abused substances. Reducing carbohydrate intake through KD may have a positive effect on this. Finally, SUD is often associated with mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, inflammation, glia dysfunction, and gut microbial disorders, while KD may potentially reverse these abnormalities and serve a therapeutic role. Although there is much indirect evidence that KD has a positive effect on SUD, the small number of relevant studies and the fact that KD leads to side effects such as metabolic abnormalities, increased risk of malnutrition and gastrointestinal symptoms have led to the limitation of KD in the treatment of SUD. Here, we described the organismal disorders caused by SUD and the possible positive effects of KD, aiming to provide potential therapeutic directions for SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshenyue Kong
- General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Nanjing, China
- Yunnan Technological Innovation Centre of Drug Addiction Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jia-xue Sun
- Yunnan Technological Innovation Centre of Drug Addiction Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ji-qun Yang
- Third People’s Hospital of Kunming City/Drug Rehabilitation Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, China
| | - Yuan-sen Li
- Yunnan Technological Innovation Centre of Drug Addiction Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ke Bi
- Yunnan Technological Innovation Centre of Drug Addiction Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zun-yue Zhang
- Yunnan Technological Innovation Centre of Drug Addiction Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Kun-hua Wang
- Yunnan Technological Innovation Centre of Drug Addiction Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Hua-you Luo
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Mei Zhu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yu Xu
- General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Nanjing, China
- Yunnan Technological Innovation Centre of Drug Addiction Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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20
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Ju WK, Perkins GA, Kim KY, Bastola T, Choi WY, Choi SH. Glaucomatous optic neuropathy: Mitochondrial dynamics, dysfunction and protection in retinal ganglion cells. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 95:101136. [PMID: 36400670 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide and is characterized by a slow, progressive, and multifactorial degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons, resulting in vision loss. Despite its high prevalence in individuals 60 years of age and older, the causing factors contributing to glaucoma progression are currently not well characterized. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only proven treatable risk factor. However, lowering IOP is insufficient for preventing disease progression. One of the significant interests in glaucoma pathogenesis is understanding the structural and functional impairment of mitochondria in RGCs and their axons and synapses. Glaucomatous risk factors such as IOP elevation, aging, genetic variation, neuroinflammation, neurotrophic factor deprivation, and vascular dysregulation, are potential inducers for mitochondrial dysfunction in glaucoma. Because oxidative phosphorylation stress-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with structural and functional impairment of mitochondria in glaucomatous RGCs, understanding the underlying mechanisms and relationship between structural and functional alterations in mitochondria would be beneficial to developing mitochondria-related neuroprotection in RGCs and their axons and synapses against glaucomatous neurodegeneration. Here, we review the current studies focusing on mitochondrial dynamics-based structural and functional alterations in the mitochondria of glaucomatous RGCs and therapeutic strategies to protect RGCs against glaucomatous neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Kyu Ju
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Guy A Perkins
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Keun-Young Kim
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Tonking Bastola
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Woo-Young Choi
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Department of Plastic Surgery, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwang-ju, South Korea
| | - Soo-Ho Choi
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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Taoulost S, Rasgon N, Ferretti CJ, Hollander E. The role of ketogenic therapy in developmental disorders. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 161:307-309. [PMID: 36989905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samia Taoulost
- Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Natalie Rasgon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Casara Jean Ferretti
- Psychiatric Research Institute of Montefiore Einstein (PRIME), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Eric Hollander
- Psychiatric Research Institute of Montefiore Einstein (PRIME), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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22
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Grande de França NA, Rolland Y, Guyonnet S, de Souto Barreto P. The role of dietary strategies in the modulation of hallmarks of aging. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101908. [PMID: 36905962 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
The hallmarks of aging constitute an interconnected network of basic mechanisms that modulate aging and can be modulated by lifestyle factors, including dietary strategies. This narrative review aimed to summarize the evidence on promoting dietary restriction or adherence to specific dietary patterns on hallmarks of aging. Studies with preclinical models or humans were considered. Dietary restriction (DR), usually operationalized as a reduction in caloric intake, is the main strategy applied to study the axis diet-hallmarks of aging. DR has been shown to modulate mainly genomic instability, loss of proteostasis, deregulating nutrient sensing, cellular senescence, and altered intercellular communication. Much less evidence exists on the role of dietary patterns, with most of the studies evaluating the Mediterranean Diet and other similar plant-based diets, and the ketogenic diet. Potential benefits are described in genomic instability, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and altered intercellular communication. Given the predominant place of food in human life, it is imperative to determine the impact of nutritional strategies on the modulation of lifespan and healthspan, considering applicability, long-term adherence, and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha A Grande de França
- Gérontopôle of Toulouse, Institute on Aging, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France.
| | - Yves Rolland
- Gérontopôle of Toulouse, Institute on Aging, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France; Maintain Aging Researchteam, CERPOP, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Guyonnet
- Gérontopôle of Toulouse, Institute on Aging, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France; Maintain Aging Researchteam, CERPOP, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Philipe de Souto Barreto
- Gérontopôle of Toulouse, Institute on Aging, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France; Maintain Aging Researchteam, CERPOP, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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23
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Wang M, Fan Z, Chen D, Yu B, He J, Yu J, Mao X, Huang Z, Luo Y, Luo J, Yan H, Zheng P. Dietary lactate supplementation can alleviate DSS-induced colitis in piglets. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114148. [PMID: 36580723 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Colitis is a common and complex intestinal inflammatory disease in which lactate, a metabolite of anaerobic glycolysis, plays a crucial role. Our study aimed to investigate the alleviated effect of lactate in colitis, and to provide a nutritional measure to alleviate colitis injury. The variations in colonic lactate in piglets with DSS-induced colitis were investigated in Experiment 1 (Exp.1). Thirty weaned pigs were allotted into three groups and sampled at different stages of DSS-induced colitis (days 0, 5, and 7). The colonic level of lactate and interleukin 10 (IL-10) was significantly decreased on day 5 when compared to day 0. Colonic lactate, IL-10, and G protein receptor 81 (GPR81) levels were significantly increased on day 7 when compared to day 5. Sixty weaned piglets were assigned to control (basal diet), DSS (basal diet with DSS gavage), or lactate (2% lactate supplementation diet with DSS gavage) groups to investigate the effects of lactate on DSS-induced colitis in Experiment 2 (Exp.2). Lactate reduced the disease activity index (DAI), DSS-induced impairment of colonic structure in response to the critical inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and interleukin 18 (IL-18) when compared with the DSS group. Furthermore, GPR-81 levels, colonic M2 macrophages, and IL-10 levels, the colonic antioxidant capacity, colonic butyrate levels were increased, and eventually improved growth performance post-colitis. The results of this study show that lactate was decreased at the peak of colitis, accumulated in subsidized colitis. Furthermore, dietary lactate supplementation helped to alleviate DSS-induced colitis injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, and Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130 Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zequn Fan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, and Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130 Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, and Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130 Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, and Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130 Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, and Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130 Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, and Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130 Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, and Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130 Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, and Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130 Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, and Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130 Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, and Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130 Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, and Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130 Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, and Key laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu 611130 Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Musolf AM, Haarman AEG, Luben RN, Ong JS, Patasova K, Trapero RH, Marsh J, Jain I, Jain R, Wang PZ, Lewis DD, Tedja MS, Iglesias AI, Li H, Cowan CS, Biino G, Klein AP, Duggal P, Mackey DA, Hayward C, Haller T, Metspalu A, Wedenoja J, Pärssinen O, Cheng CY, Saw SM, Stambolian D, Hysi PG, Khawaja AP, Vitart V, Hammond CJ, van Duijn CM, Verhoeven VJM, Klaver CCW, Bailey-Wilson JE. Rare variant analyses across multiethnic cohorts identify novel genes for refractive error. Commun Biol 2023; 6:6. [PMID: 36596879 PMCID: PMC9810640 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04323-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Refractive error, measured here as mean spherical equivalent (SER), is a complex eye condition caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Individuals with strong positive or negative values of SER require spectacles or other approaches for vision correction. Common genetic risk factors have been identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS), but a great part of the refractive error heritability is still missing. Some of this heritability may be explained by rare variants (minor allele frequency [MAF] ≤ 0.01.). We performed multiple gene-based association tests of mean Spherical Equivalent with rare variants in exome array data from the Consortium for Refractive Error and Myopia (CREAM). The dataset consisted of over 27,000 total subjects from five cohorts of Indo-European and Eastern Asian ethnicity. We identified 129 unique genes associated with refractive error, many of which were replicated in multiple cohorts. Our best novel candidates included the retina expressed PDCD6IP, the circadian rhythm gene PER3, and P4HTM, which affects eye morphology. Future work will include functional studies and validation. Identification of genes contributing to refractive error and future understanding of their function may lead to better treatment and prevention of refractive errors, which themselves are important risk factors for various blinding conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M Musolf
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Annechien E G Haarman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert N Luben
- MRC Epidemiology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Jue-Sheng Ong
- Statistical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Karina Patasova
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rolando Hernandez Trapero
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joseph Marsh
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ishika Jain
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Riya Jain
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul Zhiping Wang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Deyana D Lewis
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Milly S Tedja
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriana I Iglesias
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hengtong Li
- Data Science Unit, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cameron S Cowan
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ginevra Biino
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alison P Klein
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Priya Duggal
- The Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David A Mackey
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Toomas Haller
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Juho Wedenoja
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olavi Pärssinen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Central Hospital of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, DUKE-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Ocular Epidemiology Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seang-Mei Saw
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Health Systems, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Myopia Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dwight Stambolian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pirro G Hysi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anthony P Khawaja
- MRC Epidemiology, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christopher J Hammond
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Virginie J M Verhoeven
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Institute for Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Joan E Bailey-Wilson
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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25
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Zou GP, Wang T, Xiao JX, Wang XY, Jiang LP, Tou FF, Chen ZP, Qu XH, Han XJ. Lactate protects against oxidative stress-induced retinal degeneration by activating autophagy. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 194:209-219. [PMID: 36493984 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration is a common cause of blindless among the aged, which can mainly be attributed to oxidative stress and dysregulated autophagy in retinal pigment epithelium cells. Lactate was reported to act as a signaling molecule and exerted beneficial effect against oxidative stress. This study aims to investigate the protective effect of lactate against oxidative stress-induced retinal degeneration. Here, H2O2-induced oxidative stress cell model and sodium iodate-induced mice retinal degeneration model were established. It was found that H2O2 inhibited cell viability in ARPE-19 cells and sodium iodate induced deterioration of retinal pigment epithelium as well as apoptosis in retina. Pretreatment with lactate alleviated oxidative stress-induced cell death and retinal degeneration. Molecularly, lactate activated autophagy by up-regulating the ratio of LC3II/I, increased formation of LC3 puncta and autophagic vacuole. Further, lactate prevented H2O2-induced mitochondrial fission and maintained mitochondrial function by alleviating H2O2-induced mitochondrial membrane potential disruption and intracellular ROS generation. In contrast, application of 3-methyladenine, an inhibitor of autophagy, effectively weakened the protective effect of lactate against oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, all data in this study indicate that lactate protects against oxidative stress-induced retinal degeneration and preserves mitochondrial function by activating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Ping Zou
- Institute of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital & The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China; Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital & The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Jin-Xing Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yu Wang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital & The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Li-Ping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Fang-Fang Tou
- Institute of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital & The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Zhi-Ping Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital & The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Xin-Hui Qu
- Institute of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital & The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China; The Second Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital & The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Jian Han
- Institute of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital & The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China; Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China; The Second Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital & The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China.
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26
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Aminzadeh-Gohari S, Kofler B, Herzog C. Dietary restriction in senolysis and prevention and treatment of disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:5242-5268. [PMID: 36484738 PMCID: PMC7616065 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2153355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging represents a key risk factor for a plethora of diseases. Targeting detrimental processes which occur during aging, especially before onset of age-related disease, could provide drastic improvements in healthspan. There is increasing evidence that dietary restriction (DR), including caloric restriction, fasting, or fasting-mimicking diets, extend both lifespan and healthspan. This has sparked interest in the use of dietary regimens as a non-pharmacological means to slow aging and prevent disease. Here, we review the current evidence on the molecular mechanisms underlying DR-induced health improvements, including removal of senescent cells, metabolic reprogramming, and epigenetic rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Aminzadeh-Gohari
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabollism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening Institute, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Research Institute for Biomedical Ageing, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Kofler
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabollism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Chiara Herzog
- European Translational Oncology Prevention and Screening Institute, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Research Institute for Biomedical Ageing, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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27
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Nuwaylati D, Eldakhakhny B, Bima A, Sakr H, Elsamanoudy A. Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diet: A SWOC Analysis. Metabolites 2022; 12:1126. [PMID: 36422267 PMCID: PMC9695571 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) plays a role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. The ketogenic diet (KD) is a low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet that arose in the 1920s as an effective treatment for seizure control. Since then, the KD has been studied as a therapeutic approach for various IR-related disorders with successful results. To date, the use of the KD is still debatable regarding its safety. Some studies have acknowledged its usefulness, while others do not recommend its long-term implementation. In this review, we applied a SWOC (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Challenges) analysis that revealed the positive, constructive strengths of the KD, its potential complications, different conditions that can make used for it, and the challenges faced by both physicians and subjects throughout a KD. This SWOC analysis showed that the KD works on the pathophysiological mechanism of IR-related disorders such as chronic inflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial stress. Furthermore, the implementation of the KD as a potential adjuvant therapy for many diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, polycystic ovary syndrome, and pain management was proven. On the other hand, the short and long-term possible undesirable KD-related effects, including nutritional deficiencies, growth retardation and nephrolithiasis, should be considered and strictly monitored. Conclusively, this review provides a context for decision-makers, physicians, researchers, and the general population to focus on this dietary intervention in preventing and treating diseases. Moreover, it draws the attention of scientists and physicians towards the opportunities and challenges associated with the KD that requires attention before KD initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dena Nuwaylati
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basmah Eldakhakhny
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhadi Bima
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussein Sakr
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ayman Elsamanoudy
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21465, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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28
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Tao Y, Leng SX, Zhang H. Ketogenic Diet: An Effective Treatment Approach for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:2303-2319. [PMID: 36043794 PMCID: PMC9890290 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220830102628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the effects and mechanisms of a ketogenic diet on neurodegenerative diseases on the basis of available evidence. A ketogenic diet refers to a high-fat, mediumprotein, and low-carbohydrate diet that leads to a metabolic shift to ketosis. This review systematically summarizes the scientific literature supporting this effective treatment approach for neurodegenerative diseases, including effects on mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, neuronal apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and the microbiota-gut-brain axis. It also highlights the clinical evidence for the effects of the ketogenic diet in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and motor neuron disease. Finally, it discusses the common adverse effects of ketogenic therapy. Although the complete mechanism of the ketogenic diet in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases remains to be elucidated, its clinical efficacy has attracted many new followers. The ketogenic diet is a good candidate for adjuvant therapy, but its specific applicability depends on the type and the degree of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Sean X Leng
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle - Room 1A.38A, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
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29
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Certo M, Llibre A, Lee W, Mauro C. Understanding lactate sensing and signalling. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:722-735. [PMID: 35999109 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Metabolites generated from cellular and tissue metabolism have been rediscovered in recent years as signalling molecules. They may act as cofactor of enzymes or be linked to proteins as post-translational modifiers. They also act as ligands for specific receptors, highlighting that their neglected functions have, in fact, a long standing in evolution. Lactate is one such metabolite that has been considered for long time a waste product of metabolism devoid of any biological function. However, in the past 10 years, lactate has gained much attention in several physio-pathological processes. Mechanisms of sensing and signalling have been discovered and implicated in a broad range of diseases, from cancer to inflammation and fibrosis, providing opportunities for novel therapeutic avenues. Here, we review some of the most recently discovered mechanisms of lactate sensing and signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelangelo Certo
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alba Llibre
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Claudio Mauro
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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30
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Pedersen ZO, Holm-Yildiz S, Dysgaard T. Nutritional Interventions for Patients with Mitochondrial POLG-Related Diseases: A Systematic Review on Efficacy and Safety. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810658. [PMID: 36142570 PMCID: PMC9502393 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketogenic diet is recommended as a treatment to reduce seizure frequency in patients with intractable epilepsy. The evidence and safety results are sparse for diet interventions in patients with pathogenic polymerase gamma (POLG) variants and intractable epilepsy. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the efficacy of diet treatment on seizure frequency, clinical symptoms, and potential deleterious effect of liver involvement in patients with mitochondrial diseases caused by pathogenic POLG variants. Literature was searched in PubMed, Embase; and Cochrane in April 2022; no filter restrictions were imposed. The reference lists of retrieved studies were checked for additional literature. Eligibility criteria included verified pathogenic POLG variant and diet treatment. Overall, 880 studies were identified, providing eight case-reports representing nine patients eligible for inclusion. In eight of nine cases, clinical symptoms were improved; six out of nine cases reported improvements in seizure frequency. However, increasing levels of liver enzymes after initiating ketogenic diet were found in four of the nine cases, with one case revealing decreased levels of liver enzymes after initiating long-chain triglyceride restriction. Viewed together, the studies imply that ketogenic diet can have a positive impact on seizure frequency, but may induce progression of liver impairment in patients with pathogenic POLG variants.
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Xue X, Liu B, Hu J, Bian X, Lou S. The potential mechanisms of lactate in mediating exercise-enhanced cognitive function: a dual role as an energy supply substrate and a signaling molecule. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:52. [PMID: 35907984 PMCID: PMC9338682 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00687-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactate has previously been considered a metabolic waste and is mainly involved in exercise-induced fatigue. However, recent studies have found that lactate may be a mediator of the beneficial effects of exercise on brain health. Lactate plays a dual role as an energy supply substrate and a signaling molecule in this process. On the one hand, astrocytes can uptake circulating glucose or degrade glycogen for glycolysis to produce lactate, which is released into the extracellular space. Neurons can uptake extracellular lactate as an important supplement to their energy metabolism substrates, to meet the demand for large amounts of energy when synaptic activity is enhanced. Thus, synaptic activity and energy transfer show tight metabolic coupling. On the other hand, lactate acts as a signaling molecule to activate downstream signaling transduction pathways by specific receptors, inducing the expression of immediate early genes and cerebral angiogenesis. Moderate to high-intensity exercise not only increases lactate production and accumulation in muscle and blood but also promotes the uptake of skeletal muscle-derived lactate by the brain and enhances aerobic glycolysis to increase brain-derived lactate production. Furthermore, exercise regulates the expression or activity of transporters and enzymes involved in the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle to maintain the efficiency of this process; exercise also activates lactate receptor HCAR1, thus affecting brain plasticity. Rethinking the role of lactate in cognitive function and the regulatory effect of exercise is the main focus and highlights of the review. This may enrich the theoretical basis of lactate-related to promote brain health during exercise, and provide new perspectives for promoting a healthy aging strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangli Xue
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.,Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical College, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Jingyun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xuepeng Bian
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Shujie Lou
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China. .,Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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Chen M, Rong R, Xia X. Spotlight on pyroptosis: role in pathogenesis and therapeutic potential of ocular diseases. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:183. [PMID: 35836195 PMCID: PMC9281180 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02547-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a programmed cell death characterized by swift plasma membrane disruption and subsequent release of cellular contents and pro-inflammatory mediators (cytokines), including IL‐1β and IL‐18. It differs from other types of programmed cell death such as apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and NETosis in terms of its morphology and mechanism. As a recently discovered form of cell death, pyroptosis has been demonstrated to be involved in the progression of multiple diseases. Recent studies have also suggested that pyroptosis is linked to various ocular diseases. In this review, we systematically summarized and discussed recent scientific discoveries of the involvement of pyroptosis in common ocular diseases, including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, AIDS-related human cytomegalovirus retinitis, glaucoma, dry eye disease, keratitis, uveitis, and cataract. We also organized new and emerging evidence suggesting that pyroptosis signaling pathways may be potential therapeutic targets in ocular diseases, hoping to provide a summary of overall intervention strategies and relevant multi-dimensional evaluations for various ocular diseases, as well as offer valuable ideas for further research and development from the perspective of pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meini Chen
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Rong
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Xia
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Vohra R, Sanz-Morello B, Tams ALM, Mouhammad ZA, Freude KK, Hannibal J, Aldana BI, Bergersen LH, Kolko M. Prevention of Cell Death by Activation of Hydroxycarboxylic Acid Receptor 1 (GPR81) in Retinal Explants. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132098. [PMID: 35805182 PMCID: PMC9265426 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) dysfunction and death are common characteristics of retinal neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCA1R, GPR81) was identified as a key modulator of mitochondrial function and cell survival. Thus, we aimed to test whether activation of HCA1R with 3,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) also promotes RGC survival and improves energy metabolism in mouse retinas. Methods: Retinal explants were treated with 5 mM of the HCA1R agonist, 3,5-DHBA, for 2, 4, 24, and 72 h. Additionally, explants were also treated with 15 mM of L-glutamate to induce toxicity. Tissue survival was assessed through lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) viability assays. RGC survival was measured through immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Total ATP levels were quantified through bioluminescence assays. Energy metabolism was investigated through stable isotope labeling and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Lactate and nitric oxide levels were measured through colorimetric assays. Results: HCA1R activation with 3,5-DHBAincreased retinal explant survival. During glutamate-induced death, 3,5-DHBA treatment also increased survival. IHC analysis revealed that 3,5-DHBA treatment promoted RGC survival in retinal wholemounts. 3,5-DHBA treatment also enhanced ATP levels in retinal explants, whereas lactate levels decreased. No effects on glucose metabolism were observed, but small changes in lactate metabolism were found. Nitric oxide levels remained unaltered in response to 3,5-DHBA treatment. Conclusion: The present study reveals that activation of HCA1R with 3,5-DHBA treatment has a neuroprotective effect specifically on RGCs and on glutamate-induced retinal degeneration. Hence, HCA1R agonist administration may be a potential new strategy for rescuing RGCs, ultimately preventing visual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupali Vohra
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (B.S.-M.); (A.L.M.T.); (Z.A.M.); (B.I.A.)
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
- Correspondence: (R.V.); (M.K.)
| | - Berta Sanz-Morello
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (B.S.-M.); (A.L.M.T.); (Z.A.M.); (B.I.A.)
| | - Anna Luna Mølgaard Tams
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (B.S.-M.); (A.L.M.T.); (Z.A.M.); (B.I.A.)
| | - Zaynab Ahmad Mouhammad
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (B.S.-M.); (A.L.M.T.); (Z.A.M.); (B.I.A.)
| | - Kristine Karla Freude
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark;
| | - Jens Hannibal
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Blanca Irene Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (B.S.-M.); (A.L.M.T.); (Z.A.M.); (B.I.A.)
| | - Linda Hildegaard Bergersen
- Brain Energy Muscle Group, University of Oslo, NO-0318 Oslo, Norway;
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Miriam Kolko
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (B.S.-M.); (A.L.M.T.); (Z.A.M.); (B.I.A.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
- Correspondence: (R.V.); (M.K.)
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Taylor MK, Sullivan DK, Keller JE, Burns JM, Swerdlow RH. Potential for Ketotherapies as Amyloid-Regulating Treatment in Individuals at Risk for Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:899612. [PMID: 35784855 PMCID: PMC9243383 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.899612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition characterized by clinical decline in memory and other cognitive functions. A classic AD neuropathological hallmark includes the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, which may precede onset of clinical symptoms by over a decade. Efforts to prevent or treat AD frequently emphasize decreasing Aβ through various mechanisms, but such approaches have yet to establish compelling interventions. It is still not understood exactly why Aβ accumulates in AD, but it is hypothesized that Aβ and other downstream pathological events are a result of impaired bioenergetics, which can also manifest prior to cognitive decline. Evidence suggests that individuals with AD and at high risk for AD have functional brain ketone metabolism and ketotherapies (KTs), dietary approaches that produce ketone bodies for energy metabolism, may affect AD pathology by targeting impaired brain bioenergetics. Cognitively normal individuals with elevated brain Aβ, deemed “preclinical AD,” and older adults with peripheral metabolic impairments are ideal candidates to test whether KTs modulate AD biology as they have impaired mitochondrial function, perturbed brain glucose metabolism, and elevated risk for rapid Aβ accumulation and symptomatic AD. Here, we discuss the link between brain bioenergetics and Aβ, as well as the potential for KTs to influence AD risk and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K. Taylor
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Fairway, KS, United States
- *Correspondence: Matthew K. Taylor,
| | - Debra K. Sullivan
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Fairway, KS, United States
| | - Jessica E. Keller
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Jeffrey M. Burns
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Fairway, KS, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Russell H. Swerdlow
- University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Fairway, KS, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
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Player JK, Riordan SM, Duncan RS, Koulen P. Analysis of Glaucoma Associated Genes in Response to Inflammation, an Examination of a Public Data Set Derived from Peripheral Blood from Patients with Hepatitis C. Clin Ophthalmol 2022; 16:2093-2103. [PMID: 35770250 PMCID: PMC9236525 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s364739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide and despite its prevalence, there are still many unanswered questions related to its pathogenesis. There is evidence that oxidative stress and inflammation play a major role in disease progression. Glaucoma patients from several studies showed altered gene expression in leukocytes, revealing the possibility of using peripheral biomarkers to diagnose or stage glaucoma. The fact that glaucoma is associated with gene expression changes in tissues distant from the retina underscores the possible involvement of systemic oxidative stress and inflammation as potential contributing or compounding factors in glaucoma. Methods We assembled a list of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers related to glaucoma based on a review of the literature. In addition, we utilized publicly available data sets of gene expression values collected from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and macrophages from two patient groups: those chronically infected by the hepatitis C virus and those who have cleared it. Activation of the innate immune response can render cells or tissues more responsive to a second delayed proinflammatory stimulus. Additional gene expression data from these cells after subsequent polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid treatment, used to elicit an acute inflammatory response, allowed for the investigation of the acute inflammatory response in these groups. We used fold-change comparison values between the two patient groups to identify genes of interest. Results A comparison analysis identified 17 glaucoma biomarkers that were differentially expressed in response to HCV-mediated inflammation. Of these 17, six had significant p-values in the baseline vs treated values. Expression data of these genes were compared between patients who had cleared the Hepatitis C virus versus those who had not and identified three genes of interest for further study. Discussion These results support our hypothesis that inflammation secondary to Hepatitis C virus infection affects the expression of glaucoma biomarker genes related to the antioxidant response and inflammation. In addition, they provide several potential targets for further research into understanding the relationship between innate responses to viral infection and inflammatory aspects of glaucoma and for potential use as a predictive biomarker or pharmacological intervention in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob K Player
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri – Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Sean M Riordan
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri – Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - R Scott Duncan
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri – Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Peter Koulen
- Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri – Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri – Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
- Correspondence: Peter Koulen, Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri – Kansas City, 2411 Holmes Street, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA, Tel +1 816-235-6773, Email
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Tribble JR, Kastanaki E, Uslular AB, Rutigliani C, Enz TJ, Williams PA. Valproic Acid Reduces Neuroinflammation to Provide Retinal Ganglion Cell Neuroprotection in the Retina Axotomy Model. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:903436. [PMID: 35646919 PMCID: PMC9135180 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.903436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a critical and targetable pathogenic component of neurodegenerative diseases, including glaucoma, the leading cause of irreversible blindness. Valproic acid has previously been demonstrated to reduce neuroinflammation and is neuroprotective in a number of experimental settings. To determine whether valproic acid can limit retinal neuroinflammation and protect retinal neurons we used an ex vivo retina explant (axotomy) model to isolate resident glial responses from blood-derived monocytes. Neuroinflammatory status was defined using high resolution confocal imaging with 3D morphological reconstruction and cytokine protein arrays. Valproic acid significantly reduced microglia and astrocyte morphological changes, consistent with a reduction in pro-inflammatory phenotypes. Cytokine profiling demonstrated that valproic acid significantly attenuated or prevented expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in injured retina. This identifies that the retinal explant model as a useful tool to explore resident neuroinflammation in a rapid timescale whilst maintaining a complex system of cell interactions and valproic acid as a useful drug to further explore anti-neuroinflammatory strategies in retinal disease.
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Cai M, Wang H, Song H, Yang R, Wang L, Xue X, Sun W, Hu J. Lactate Is Answerable for Brain Function and Treating Brain Diseases: Energy Substrates and Signal Molecule. Front Nutr 2022; 9:800901. [PMID: 35571940 PMCID: PMC9099001 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.800901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Research to date has provided novel insights into lactate's positive role in multiple brain functions and several brain diseases. Although notable controversies and discrepancies remain, the neurobiological role and the metabolic mechanisms of brain lactate have now been described. A theoretical framework on the relevance between lactate and brain function and brain diseases is presented. This review begins with the source and route of lactate formation in the brain and food; goes on to uncover the regulatory effect of lactate on brain function; and progresses to gathering the application and concentration variation of lactate in several brain diseases (diabetic encephalopathy, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, traumatic brain injury, and epilepsy) treatment. Finally, the dual role of lactate in the brain is discussed. This review highlights the biological effect of lactate, especially L-lactate, in brain function and disease studies and amplifies our understanding of past research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Cai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbiao Wang
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haihan Song
- Central Lab, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoyu Yang
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyan Wang
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangli Xue
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanju Sun
- Central Lab, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Wanju Sun
| | - Jingyun Hu
- Central Lab, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Jingyun Hu
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Enders J, Swanson T, Ryals J, Wright D. A ketogenic diet reduces mechanical allodynia and improves epidermal innervation in diabetic mice. Pain 2022; 163:682-689. [PMID: 34252910 PMCID: PMC10067134 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Dietary interventions are promising approaches to treat pain associated with metabolic changes because they impact both metabolic and neural components contributing to painful neuropathy. Here, we tested whether consumption of a ketogenic diet could affect sensation, pain, and epidermal innervation loss in type 1 diabetic mice. C57Bl/6 mice were rendered diabetic using streptozotocin and administered a ketogenic diet at either 3 weeks (prevention) or 9 weeks (reversal) of uncontrolled diabetes. We quantified changes in metabolic biomarkers, sensory thresholds, and epidermal innervation to assess impact on neuropathy parameters. Diabetic mice consuming a ketogenic diet had normalized weight gain, reduced blood glucose, elevated blood ketones, and reduced hemoglobin-A1C levels. These metabolic biomarkers were also improved after 9 weeks of diabetes followed by 4 weeks of a ketogenic diet. Diabetic mice fed a control chow diet developed rapid mechanical allodynia of the hind paw that was reversed within a week of consumption of a ketogenic diet in both prevention and reversal studies. Loss of thermal sensation was also improved by consumption of a ketogenic diet through normalized thermal thresholds. Finally, diabetic mice consuming a ketogenic diet had normalized epidermal innervation, including after 9 weeks of uncontrolled diabetes and 4 weeks of consumption of the ketogenic diet. These results suggest that, in mice, a ketogenic diet can prevent and reverse changes in key metabolic biomarkers, altered sensation, pain, and axon innervation of the skin. These results identify a ketogenic diet as a potential therapeutic intervention for patients with painful diabetic neuropathy and/or epidermal axon loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Enders
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Taylor Swanson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Janelle Ryals
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Douglas Wright
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
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Zhang L, Shi J, Du D, Niu N, Liu S, Yang X, Lu P, Shen X, Shi N, Yao L, Zhang R, Hu G, Lu G, Zhu Q, Zeng T, Liu T, Xia Q, Huang W, Xue J. Ketogenesis acts as an endogenous protective programme to restrain inflammatory macrophage activation during acute pancreatitis. EBioMedicine 2022; 78:103959. [PMID: 35339899 PMCID: PMC8960978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Innate immunity and metabolites link to the pathogenesis and severity of acute pancreatitis (AP). However, liver metabolism and its role in immune response and AP progression remain elusive. We investigated the function of liver metabolism in the pathogenesis of AP. Methods Circulating ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (βOHB) levels were determined in AP clinical cohorts and caerulein-induced AP (CER-AP) mouse models receiving seven (Cer*7) or twelve (Cer*12) injection regimens at hourly intervals. Liver transcriptomics and metabolomics were compared between CER-AP (Cer*7) and CER-AP (Cer*12). Inhibition of fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO)-ketogenesis, or supplementation of βOHB was performed in mouse models of AP. The effect and mechanism of βOHB were examined in vitro. Findings Elevated circulating βOHB was observed in patients with non-severe AP (SAP) but not SAP. These findings were replicated in CER-AP (Cer*7) and CER-AP (Cer*12), which manifested as limited and hyperactive immune responses, respectively. FAO-ketogenesis was activated in CER-AP (Cer*7), while impaired long-chain FAO and mitochondrial function were observed in the liver of CER-AP (Cer*12). Blockage of FAO-ketogenesis (Cpt1a antagonism or Hmgcs2 knockdown) worsened, while supplementation of βOHB or its precursor 1,3-butanediol alleviated the severity of CER-AP. Mechanistically, βOHB had a discernible effect on pancreatic acinar cell damage, instead, it greatly attenuated the activation of pancreatic and systemic proinflammatory macrophages via class I histone deacetylases. Interpretation Our findings reveal that hepatic ketogenesis is activated as an endogenous protective programme to restrain AP progression, indicating its potential therapeutic value. Funding This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Shanghai Youth Talent Support Programme, and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission-Gaofeng Clinical Medicine Grant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Stem Cell Research Centre, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Juanjuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Stem Cell Research Centre, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Dan Du
- Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China; Advanced Mass Spectrometry Centre, Research Core Facility, Frontiers Science Centre for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ningning Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Stem Cell Research Centre, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaotong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Stem Cell Research Centre, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Ping Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Stem Cell Research Centre, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Xuqing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Stem Cell Research Centre, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Na Shi
- Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Linbo Yao
- Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruling Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Guoyong Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Institute of Pancreatic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Guotao Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pancreatic Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Qingtian Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pancreatic Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Zhangjiang Laboratory, Institute of Brain-Intelligence Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department and Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu 610041, China; Institutes for Systems Genetics & Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Centre for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Jing Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Stem Cell Research Centre, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Rd, Shanghai 200127 China.
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Molecular regulation of neuroinflammation in glaucoma: Current knowledge and the ongoing search for new treatment targets. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022; 87:100998. [PMID: 34348167 PMCID: PMC8803988 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.100998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation relying on the inflammatory responses of glial cells has emerged as an impactful component of the multifactorial etiology of neurodegeneration in glaucoma. It has become increasingly evident that despite early adaptive and reparative features of glial responses, prolonged reactivity of the resident glia, along with the peripheral immune cells, create widespread toxicity to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons, somas, and synapses. As much as the synchronized responses of astrocytes and microglia to glaucoma-related stress or neuron injury, their bi-directional interactions are critical to build and amplify neuroinflammation and to dictate the neurodegenerative outcome. Although distinct molecular programs regulate somatic and axonal degeneration in glaucoma, inhibition of neurodegenerative inflammation can provide a broadly beneficial treatment strategy to rescue RGC integrity and function. Since inflammatory toxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction are converging etiological paths that can boost each other and feed into a vicious cycle, anti-inflammatory treatments may also offer a multi-target potential. This review presents an overview of the current knowledge on neuroinflammation in glaucoma with particular emphasis on the cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic factors involved in the reciprocal regulation of glial responses, the interdependence between inflammatory and mitochondrial routes of neurodegeneration, and the research aspects inspiring for prospective immunomodulatory treatments. With the advent of powerful technologies, ongoing research on molecular and functional characteristics of glial responses is expected to accumulate more comprehensive and complementary information and to rapidly move the field forward to safe and effective modulation of the glial pro-inflammatory activities, while restoring or augmenting the glial immune-regulatory and neurosupport functions.
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Manosalva C, Quiroga J, Hidalgo AI, Alarcón P, Anseoleaga N, Hidalgo MA, Burgos RA. Role of Lactate in Inflammatory Processes: Friend or Foe. Front Immunol 2022; 12:808799. [PMID: 35095895 PMCID: PMC8795514 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.808799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During an inflammatory process, shift in the cellular metabolism associated with an increase in extracellular acidification are well-known features. This pH drop in the inflamed tissue is largely attributed to the presence of lactate by an increase in glycolysis. In recent years, evidence has accumulated describing the role of lactate in inflammatory processes; however, there are differences as to whether lactate can currently be considered a pro- or anti-inflammatory mediator. Herein, we review these recent advances on the pleiotropic effects of lactate on the inflammatory process. Taken together, the evidence suggests that lactate could exert differential effects depending on the metabolic status, cell type in which the effects of lactate are studied, and the pathological process analyzed. Additionally, various targets, including post-translational modifications, G-protein coupled receptor and transcription factor activation such as NF-κB and HIF-1, allow lactate to modulate signaling pathways that control the expression of cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, and several enzymes associated with immune response and metabolism. Altogether, this would explain its varied effects on inflammatory processes beyond its well-known role as a waste product of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Manosalva
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Pharmacy, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - John Quiroga
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Graduate School, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Alejandra I Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pablo Alarcón
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Nicolás Anseoleaga
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Graduate School, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - María Angélica Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rafael Agustín Burgos
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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Wang L, Wei X. T Cell-Mediated Autoimmunity in Glaucoma Neurodegeneration. Front Immunol 2022; 12:803485. [PMID: 34975917 PMCID: PMC8716691 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.803485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma as the leading neurodegenerative disease leads to blindness in 3.6 million people aged 50 years and older worldwide. For many decades, glaucoma therapy has primarily focused on controlling intraocular pressure (IOP) and sound evidence supports its role in delaying the progress of retinal ganglial cell (RGC) damage and protecting patients from vision loss. Meanwhile, accumulating data point to the immune-mediated attack of the neural retina as the underlying pathological process behind glaucoma that may come independent of raised IOP. Recently, some scholars have suggested autoimmune aspects in glaucoma, with autoreactive T cells mediating the chief pathogenic process. This autoimmune process, as well as the pathological features of glaucoma, largely overlaps with other neurodegenerative diseases in the central nervous system (CNS), including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis. In addition, immune modulation therapy, which is regarded as a potential solution for glaucoma, has been boosted in trials in some CNS neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, novel insights into the T cell-mediated immunity and treatment in CNS neurodegenerative diseases may serve as valuable inspirations for ophthalmologists. This review focuses on the role of T cell-mediated immunity in the pathogenesis of glaucoma and discusses potential applications of relevant findings of CNS neurodegenerative diseases in future glaucoma research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Shangjin Nanfu Hospital, Chengdu, China
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Transcriptomic Analysis Identifies Differentially Expressed Genes Associated with Vascular Cuffing and Chronic Inflammation Mediating Early Thrombosis in Arteriovenous Fistula. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020433. [PMID: 35203642 PMCID: PMC8962355 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is vascular access created for hemodialysis in end-stage renal disease patients. AVF creation causes increased blood flow in the outflow vein with increased pressure. Increased blood flow, blood volume, and shear stress causes outward remodeling so that the outflow vein can withstand the increased pressure. Outward remodeling of the vein involved in AVF is necessary for AVF maturation, however, inward remodeling due to excessive neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) and chronic inflammation may end up with vessel thrombosis and AVF maturation failure. Early thrombosis of the vessel may be due to the luminal factors including NIH and chronic inflammation or due to chronic inflammation of the adventitial due to perivascular cuffing. Inflammation may either be due to an immune response to the vascular injury during AVF creation or injury to the surrounding muscles and fascia. Several studies have discussed the role of inflammation in vascular thrombosis due to intimal injury during AVF creation, but there is limited information on the role of inflammation due to surrounding factors like a muscle injury. The concept of perivascular cuffing has been reported in the nervous system, but there is no study of perivascular cuffing in AVF early thrombosis. We performed the bulk RNA sequencing of the femoral arterial tissue and contralateral arteries as we found thrombosed arteries after AVF creation. RNA sequencing revealed several significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to chronic inflammation and perivascular cuffing, including tripartite motif-containing protein 55 (TRIM55). Additionally, DEGs like myoblast determination protein 1 (MYOD1) increased after muscle injury and relates to skeletal muscle differentiation, and network analysis revealed regulation of various genes regulating inflammation via MYOD1. The findings of this study revealed multiple genes with increased expression in the AVF femoral artery and may provide potential therapeutic targets or biomarkers of early thrombosis in AVF maturation failure. Thus, not only the luminal factors but also the surrounding factors mediating vascular cuffing contribute to vessel thrombosis and AVF failure via early thrombosis, and targeting the key regulatory factors may have therapeutic potential.
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Treatment of Glaucoma with Natural Products and Their Mechanism of Action: An Update. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030534. [PMID: 35276895 PMCID: PMC8840399 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness. It is generally caused by increased intraocular pressure, which results in damage of the optic nerve and retinal ganglion cells, ultimately leading to visual field dysfunction. However, even with the use of intraocular pressure-lowering eye drops, the disease still progresses in some patients. In addition to mechanical and vascular dysfunctions of the eye, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and excitotoxicity have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Hence, the use of natural products with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties may represent an alternative approach for glaucoma treatment. The present review highlights recent preclinical and clinical studies on various natural products shown to possess neuroprotective properties for retinal ganglion cells, which thereby may be effective in the treatment of glaucoma. Intraocular pressure can be reduced by baicalein, forskolin, marijuana, ginsenoside, resveratrol and hesperidin. Alternatively, Ginkgo biloba, Lycium barbarum, Diospyros kaki, Tripterygium wilfordii, saffron, curcumin, caffeine, anthocyanin, coenzyme Q10 and vitamins B3 and D have shown neuroprotective effects on retinal ganglion cells via various mechanisms, especially antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis mechanisms. Extensive studies are still required in the future to ensure natural products' efficacy and safety to serve as an alternative therapy for glaucoma.
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Shukal DK, Malaviya PB, Sharma T. Role of the AMPK signalling pathway in the aetiopathogenesis of ocular diseases. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271211063165. [PMID: 35196887 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211063165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a precise role as a master regulator of cellular energy homeostasis. AMPK is activated in response to the signalling cues that exhaust cellular ATP levels such as hypoxia, ischaemia, glucose depletion and heat shock. As a central regulator of both lipid and glucose metabolism, AMPK is considered to be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of various diseases, including eye disorders. OBJECTIVE To review all the shreds of evidence concerning the role of the AMPK signalling pathway in the pathogenesis of ocular diseases. METHOD Scientific data search and review of available information evaluating the influence of AMPK signalling on ocular diseases. RESULTS Review highlights the significance of AMPK signalling in the aetiopathogenesis of ocular diseases, including cataract, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, retinoblastoma, age-related macular degeneration, corneal diseases, etc. The review also provides the information on the AMPK-associated pathways with reference to ocular disease, which includes mitochondrial biogenesis, autophagy and regulation of inflammatory response. CONCLUSION The study concludes the role of AMPK in ocular diseases. There is growing interest in the therapeutic utilization of the AMPK pathway for ocular disease treatment. Furthermore, inhibition of AMPK signalling might represent more pertinent strategy than AMPK activation for ocular disease treatment. Such information will guide the development of more effective AMPK modulators for ocular diseases.[Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhaval K Shukal
- 534329Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Centre, Memnagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.,76793Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Pooja B Malaviya
- 534329Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Centre, Memnagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.,76793Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Tusha Sharma
- 534329Iladevi Cataract and IOL Research Centre, Memnagar, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Mugisho OO, Green CR. The NLRP3 inflammasome in age-related eye disease: Evidence-based connexin hemichannel therapeutics. Exp Eye Res 2021; 215:108911. [PMID: 34958779 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The inflammasome pathway is a fundamental component of the innate immune system, playing a key role especially in chronic age-related eye diseases (AREDs). The inflammasome is of particular interest because it is a common disease pathway that once instigated, can amplify and perpetuate itself leading to chronic inflammation. With aging, it becomes more difficult to shut down inflammation after an insult but the common pathway means that a shared solution may be feasible that could be effective across multiple disease indications. This review focusses on the NLRP3 inflammasome, the most studied and characterized inflammasome in the eye. It describes the two-step signalling required for NLRP3 inflammasome complex activation, and provides evidence for its role in AREDs. In the final section, the article gives an overview of potential NLRP3 inflammasome targeting therapies, before presenting evidence for connexin hemichannel regulators as upstream blockers of inflammasome activation. These have shown therapeutic efficacy in multiple ocular disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odunayo O Mugisho
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Colin R Green
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, New Zealand
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47
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Hu X, Zhao GL, Xu MX, Zhou H, Li F, Miao Y, Lei B, Yang XL, Wang Z. Interplay between Müller cells and microglia aggravates retinal inflammatory response in experimental glaucoma. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:303. [PMID: 34952606 PMCID: PMC8705189 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02366-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glaucoma, the leading cause of irreversible blindness, is a retinal neurodegenerative disease, which results from progressive apoptotic death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Although the mechanisms underlying RGC apoptosis in glaucoma are extremely complicated, an abnormal cross-talk between retinal glial cells and RGCs is generally thought to be involved. However, how interaction of Müller cells and microglia, two types of glial cells, contributes to RGC injury is largely unknown. Methods A mouse chronic ocular hypertension (COH) experimental glaucoma model was produced. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR), transwell co-culture of glial cells, flow cytometry assay, ELISA, Ca2+ image, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) techniques were employed to investigate the interaction of Müller cells and microglia, and its underlying mechanisms in COH retina. Results We first showed that Müller cell activation in mice with COH induced microglia activation through the ATP/P2X7 receptor pathway. The activation of microglia resulted in a significant increase in mRNA and protein levels of pro-inflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6. These inflammatory factors in turn caused the up-regulation of mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory factors in Müller cells through a positive feedback manner. Conclusions These findings provide robust evidence, for the first time, that retinal inflammatory response may be aggravated by an interplay between activated two types of glial cells. These results also suggest that to reduce the interplay between Müller cells and microglia could be a potential effective strategy for preventing the loss of RGCs in glaucoma. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02366-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guo-Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Meng-Xi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Han Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yanying Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bo Lei
- Institute of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Xiong-Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Zhongfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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48
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Gough SM, Casella A, Ortega KJ, Hackam AS. Neuroprotection by the Ketogenic Diet: Evidence and Controversies. Front Nutr 2021; 8:782657. [PMID: 34888340 PMCID: PMC8650112 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.782657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat low-carbohydrate diet that has been used for decades as a non-pharmacologic approach to treat metabolic disorders and refractory pediatric epilepsy. In recent years, enthusiasm for the KD has increased in the scientific community due to evidence that the diet reduces pathology and improves various outcome measures in animal models of neurodegenerative disorders, including multiple sclerosis, stroke, glaucoma, spinal cord injury, retinal degenerations, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Clinical trials also suggest that the KD improved quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, the major ketone bodies BHB and ACA have potential neuroprotective properties and are now known to have direct effects on specific inflammatory proteins, transcription factors, reactive oxygen species, mitochondria, epigenetic modifications and the composition of the gut microbiome. Neuroprotective benefits of the KD are likely due to a combination of these cellular processes and other potential mechanisms that are yet to be confirmed experimentally. This review provides a comprehensive summary of current evidence for the effectiveness of the KD in humans and preclinical models of various neurological disorders, describes molecular mechanisms that may contribute to its beneficial effects, and highlights key controversies and current gaps in knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Gough
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Alicia Casella
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Kristen Jasmin Ortega
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Abigail S Hackam
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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Chang MY, Tsai TI, Chou LF, Hsu SH, Yang HY, Hung CC, Tian YC, Ong ACM, Yang CW. Metformin induces lactate accumulation and accelerates renal cyst progression in Pkd1-deficient mice. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:1560-1573. [PMID: 34957500 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a potential treatment strategy for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Metformin has been shown to inhibit the early stages of cyst formation in animal models. However, metformin can lead to lactic acidosis in diabetic patients with advanced chronic kidney disease, and its efficacy in ADPKD is still not fully understood. Here, we investigated the effect of metformin in an established hypomorphic mouse model of PKD that presents stable and heritable knockdown of Pkd1. The Pkd1 miRNA transgenic mice of both genders were randomized to receive metformin or saline injections. Metformin was administrated through daily intraperitoneal injection from postnatal day 35 for 4 weeks. Unexpectedly, metformin treatment at a concentration of 150 mg/kg increased disease severity, including kidney-to-body weight ratio, cystic index and plasma BUN levels, and was associated with increased renal tubular cell proliferation and plasma lactate levels. Functional enrichment analysis for cDNA microarrays from kidney samples revealed significant enrichment of several pro-proliferative pathways including β-catenin, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, protein kinase Cα and Notch signaling pathways in the metformin-treated mutant mice. The plasma metformin concentrations were still within the recommended therapeutic range for type 2 diabetic patients. Short-term metformin treatment in a second Pkd1 hypomorphic model (Pkd1RC/RC) was however neutral. These results demonstrate that metformin may exacerbate late-stage cyst growth associated with the activation of lactate-related signaling pathways in Pkd1 deficiency. Our findings indicate that using metformin in the later stage of ADPKD might accelerate disease progression and call for the cautious use of metformin in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yang Chang
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Inn Tsai
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Li-Fang Chou
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Hsing Hsu
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Yu Yang
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Hung
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chung Tian
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Albert C M Ong
- Academic Nephrology Unit, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Chih-Wei Yang
- Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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50
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Wang HQ, Song KY, Feng JZ, Huang SY, Guo XM, Zhang L, Zhang G, Huo YC, Zhang RR, Ma Y, Hu QZ, Qin XY. Caffeine Inhibits Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome via Autophagy to Attenuate Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 72:97-112. [PMID: 34478049 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01894-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The activation of microglia is an important cause of central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory cell infiltration and inflammatory demyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Furthermore, the proinflammatory response induced by the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome can be amplified in microglia after NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Autophagy is closely related to the inflammatory response. Caffeine exerts anti-inflammatory and autophagy-stimulating effects, but the specific mechanism remains unclear. This study examined the mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effect of caffeine on EAE. In this study, C57BL/6 mice were immunized to induce EAE and treated with caffeine to observe its effect on prognosis. The effects of caffeine on autophagy and inflammation were also analysed in mouse primary microglia (PM) and the BV2 cell line. The data demonstrated that caffeine reduced the clinical score, the infiltration of inflammatory cells, the demyelination level, and the activation of microglia in EAE mice. Furthermore, caffeine increased the LC3-II/LC3-I levels and decreased the NLRP3 and P62 levels in EAE mice, whereas the autophagy inhibitor 3-methylamine (3-MA) blocked these effects. In vitro, caffeine promoted autophagy by suppressing the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and inhibited activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. However, autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5)-specific siRNA abolished the anti-inflammatory effect of caffeine treatment in PM and BV2 cells. Taken together, these data suggest that caffeine exerts a newly discovered effect on EAE by reducing NLRP3 inflammasome activation via the induction of autophagy in microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qi Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Kai-Yi Song
- Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jin-Zhou Feng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Si-Yuan Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiu-Ming Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Cerebravascular Disease Department. Number 98, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi, (The third affiliated hospital of Zunyi Medical University), Fenghuang Road, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
| | - Ying-Chao Huo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Rong-Rong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qing-Zhe Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xin-Yue Qin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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