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Ferreira NB, Dias CT, Chaaban AFA, Beserra-Filho JIA, Ribeiro AM, Lambertucci RH, Mendes-da-Silva C. Improving dietary patterns in obese mice: Effects on body weight, adiposity, anhedonia-like behavior, pro-BDNF expression and 5-HT system. Brain Res 2024; 1838:148996. [PMID: 38744387 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The excessive fat accumulation in obesity, resulting from an unbalanced diet, can lead to metabolic and neurological disorders and increase the risk of developing anxiety and depression. AIM Assess the impact of dietary intervention (DI) on the serotonergic system, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and behaviors of obese mice. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice, 5 weeks old, received a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks for the induction of obesity. After this period, for 8 weeks, half of these animals received a control diet (CD), group obese (OB) + control diet (OB + CD, n = 10), and another half continued being fed HFD, group obese + HFD (OB + HFD, n = 10). At the end of the eighth week of intervention, behavioral tests were performed (sucrose preference test, open field, novel object recognition, elevated plus maze and tail suspension). Body weight and food intake were assessed weekly. Visceral adiposity, the hippocampal and hypothalamic protein expression of BDNF, 5-HT1A (5-HT1A serotonin receptor) and TPH2 (key enzyme in serotonin synthesis), were evaluated after euthanasia. RESULTS The dietary intervention involved changing from a HFD to a CD over an 8-week period, effectively reduced body weight gain, adiposity, and anhedonia-like behavior. In the OB + HFD group, we saw a lower sucrose preference and shorter traveled distance in the open field, along with increased pro-BDNF expression in the hypothalamus compared to the OB + CD mice. However, the levels of TPH2 and 5-HT1A remained unchanged. CONCLUSION The HFD model induced both obesity and anhedonia, but the dietary intervention successfully improved these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoly Bédia Ferreira
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Nutrition, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo/UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Tavares Dias
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Nutrition, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo/UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Alves Chaaban
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Nutrition, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo/UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - José Ivo Araújo Beserra-Filho
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Bioprospecting of Natural Products, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo/UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Mussi Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Bioprospecting of Natural Products, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo/UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Herling Lambertucci
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Nutrition, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo/UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Mendes-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Nutrition, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo/UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil.
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Nowicka G. Obesity and Obesity-Related Disorders-Editorial. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7954. [PMID: 39063196 PMCID: PMC11276991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and obesity-related complications, including various metabolic diseases and cancers, are significant health problems in developed and developing countries [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Grażyna Nowicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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Włodarczyk M, Nowicka G. DNA damage, obesity and obesity-related health complications: what are new data telling us? Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2024; 27:325-330. [PMID: 38652557 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000001038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obesity is associated with increased DNA damage, which may in turn contribute to the development of obesity-related complications. DNA damage can also affect adipocyte biology, resulting in increased adiposity. Carefully managed weight loss programs can reverse this process. This article surveys new data that support these contentions. RECENT FINDINGS Whole exome sequencing analyses have identified rare variants linked to high BMI and adiposity. Two of the identified genes are linked to DNA damage and DNA repair, suggesting that DNA damage itself may play a role in the cause of obesity. It has also been recognized that obesity increases DNA damage in breast tissue of carriers of BRCA mutations and rates of tumour formation in BRCA1+ mice, indicating effect of obesity on cancer development in high-risk populations. In addition, obesity promotes cancer cell chemoresistance by decreasing fatty acid oxidation involved in cellular DNA damage response, leading to apoptotic cellular death. Obesity is also associated with a reduced capacity of oocytes to repair sperm DNA damage, leading to lower in-vitro fertilization rates in women with obesity. SUMMARY DNA damage and cellular responses to DNA damage can be both the result and the cause of obesity and can strongly influence the development and treatment of obesity-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Włodarczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, and the Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Proença AB, Medeiros GR, Reis GDS, Losito LDF, Ferraz LM, Bargut TCL, Soares NP, Alexandre-Santos B, Campagnole-Santos MJ, Magliano DC, Nobrega ACLD, Santos RAS, Frantz EDC. Adipose tissue plasticity mediated by the counterregulatory axis of the renin-angiotensin system: Role of Mas and MrgD receptors. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31265. [PMID: 38577921 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is an endocrine system composed of two main axes: the classical and the counterregulatory, very often displaying opposing effects. The classical axis, primarily mediated by angiotensin receptors type 1 (AT1R), is linked to obesity-associated metabolic effects. On the other hand, the counterregulatory axis appears to exert antiobesity effects through the activation of two receptors, the G protein-coupled receptor (MasR) and Mas-related receptor type D (MrgD). The local RAS in adipose organ has prompted extensive research into white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue (BAT), with a key role in regulating the cellular and metabolic plasticity of these tissues. The MasR activation favors the brown plasticity signature in the adipose organ by improve the thermogenesis, adipogenesis, and lipolysis, decrease the inflammatory state, and overall energy homeostasis. The MrgD metabolic effects are related to the maintenance of BAT functionality, but the signaling remains unexplored. This review provides a summary of RAS counterregulatory actions triggered by Mas and MrgD receptors on adipose tissue plasticity. Focus on the effects related to the morphology and function of adipose tissue, especially from animal studies, will be given targeting new avenues for treatment of obesity-associated metabolic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz Proença
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Rodrigues Medeiros
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Dos Santos Reis
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiza da França Losito
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiza Mazzali Ferraz
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thereza Cristina Lonzetti Bargut
- Department of Basic Sciences, Nova Friburgo Health Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nícia Pedreira Soares
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Alexandre-Santos
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Jose Campagnole-Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - D'Angelo Carlo Magliano
- Department of Morphology, Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Lucas da Nobrega
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Robson Augusto Souza Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, National Institute of Science and Technology in Nanobiopharmaceutics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eliete Dalla Corte Frantz
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Research Center on Morphology and Metabolism, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Li YY, Madduri SS, Rezeli ET, Santos C, Freeman III H, Peng J, McRitchie SL, Pathmasiri W, Hursting SD, Sumner SJ, Stewart DA. Macronutrient-differential dietary pattern impacts on body weight, hepatic inflammation, and metabolism. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1356038. [PMID: 38868554 PMCID: PMC11168494 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1356038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity is a multi-factorial disease frequently associated with poor nutritional habits and linked to many detrimental health outcomes. Individuals with obesity are more likely to have increased levels of persistent inflammatory and metabolic dysregulation. The goal of this study was to compare four dietary patterns differentiated by macronutrient content in a postmenopausal model. Dietary patterns were high carbohydrate (HC), high fat (HF), high carbohydrate plus high fat (HCHF), and high protein (HP) with higher fiber. Methods Changes in body weight and glucose levels were measured in female, ovariectomized C57BL/6 mice after 15 weeks of feeding. One group of five mice fed the HCHF diet was crossed over to the HP diet on day 84, modeling a 21-day intervention. In a follow-up study comparing the HCHF versus HP dietary patterns, systemic changes in inflammation, using an 80-cytokine array and metabolism, by untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS)-based metabolomics were evaluated. Results Only the HF and HCHF diets resulted in obesity, shown by significant differences in body weights compared to the HP diet. Body weight gains during the two-diet follow-up study were consistent with the four-diet study. On Day 105 of the 4-diet study, glucose levels were significantly lower for mice fed the HP diet than for those fed the HC and HF diets. Mice switched from the HCHF to the HP diet lost an average of 3.7 grams by the end of the 21-day intervention, but this corresponded with decreased food consumption. The HCHF pattern resulted in dramatic inflammatory dysregulation, as all 80 cytokines were elevated significantly in the livers of these mice after 15 weeks of HCHF diet exposure. Comparatively, only 32 markers changed significantly on the HP diet (24 up, 8 down). Metabolic perturbations in several endogenous biological pathways were also observed based on macronutrient differences and revealed dysfunction in several nutritionally relevant biosynthetic pathways. Conclusion Overall, the HCHF diet promoted detrimental impacts and changes linked to several diseases, including arthritis or breast neoplasms. Identification of dietary pattern-specific impacts in this model provides a means to monitor the effects of disease risk and test interventions to prevent poor health outcomes through nutritional modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-yuan Li
- Metabolomics and Exposome Laboratory, Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Supradeep S. Madduri
- Metabolomics and Exposome Laboratory, Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Erika T. Rezeli
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Charlene Santos
- Animal Studies Core Lab, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Herman Freeman III
- Metabolomics and Exposome Laboratory, Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Susan L. McRitchie
- Metabolomics and Exposome Laboratory, Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Wimal Pathmasiri
- Metabolomics and Exposome Laboratory, Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Stephen D. Hursting
- Metabolomics and Exposome Laboratory, Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Susan J. Sumner
- Metabolomics and Exposome Laboratory, Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Delisha A. Stewart
- Metabolomics and Exposome Laboratory, Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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6
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Lim A, Elias S, Benjasirisan C, Byiringiro S, Chen Y, Turkson‐Ocran R, Dennison Himmelfarb CR, Commodore‐Mensah Y, Koirala B. Heterogeneity in the Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors by Ethnicity and Birthplace Among Asian Subgroups: Evidence From the 2010 to 2018 National Health Interview Survey. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e031886. [PMID: 38420759 PMCID: PMC10944060 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.031886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asian people in the United States have different sociodemographic and health-related characteristics that might affect cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk by ethnicity and birthplace. However, they are often studied as a monolithic group in health care research. This study aimed to examine heterogeneity in CVD risk factors on the basis of birthplace among the 3 largest Asian subgroups (Chinese, Asian Indian, and Filipino) compared with US-born non-Hispanic White (NHW) adults. METHODS AND RESULTS A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using the 2010 to 2018 National Health Interview Survey data from 125 008 US-born and foreign-born Chinese, Asian Indian, Filipino, and US-born NHW adults. Generalized linear models with Poisson distribution were used to examine the prevalence and prevalence ratios of self-reported hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, physical inactivity, smoking, and overweight/obesity among Asian subgroups compared with US-born NHW adults. The study included 118 979 US-born NHW and 6029 Asian adults who self-identified as Chinese (29%), Asian Indian (33%), and Filipino (38%). Participants' mean (±SD) age was 49±0.1 years, and 53% were females. In an adjusted analysis, foreign-born Asian Indians had significantly higher prevalence of diabetes, physical inactivity, and overweight/obesity; foreign-born Chinese had higher prevalence of physical inactivity, and foreign-born Filipinos had higher prevalence of all 5 CVD risk factors except smoking compared with NHW adults. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed significant heterogeneity in the prevalence of CVD risk factors among Asian subgroups by ethnicity and birthplace, stressing the necessity of disaggregating Asian subgroup data. Providers should consider this heterogeneity in CVD risk factors and establish tailored CVD prevention plans for Asian subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arum Lim
- Johns Hopkins School of NursingBaltimoreMDUSA
| | | | | | | | - Yuling Chen
- Johns Hopkins School of NursingBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Ruth‐Alma Turkson‐Ocran
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Division of General MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Cheryl R. Dennison Himmelfarb
- Johns Hopkins School of NursingBaltimoreMDUSA
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
- Johns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Yvonne Commodore‐Mensah
- Johns Hopkins School of NursingBaltimoreMDUSA
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
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Jesin JA, Walton DM. Cortisol as a Marker of Pain and Distress After Acute Musculoskeletal Trauma. Clin J Pain 2024; 40:157-164. [PMID: 38168023 DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0000000000001188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The best available predictors of chronic pain development broadly encompass baseline metrics of cognition (ie, beliefs/expectations) about the trauma and resulting symptoms. In the context of musculoskeletal trauma, we have previously shown the Traumatic Injuries Distress Scale (TIDS) capable of risk-stratifying cohorts for chronic pain development. Here, we explore whether the physiological marker cortisol shows meaningful associations with cognitions predictive of pain outcomes. METHODS Data for these cross-sectional analyses were drawn from an observational study that recruited 130 participants presenting to the hospital with pain related to a recent noncatastrophic Musculoskeletal trauma. Cortisol was measured from the participant's hair, saliva, and blood. In addition to pain and distress questionnaires, metadata such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), adverse childhood events, pretrauma stress levels, and pre-existing physical/psychological comorbidities were collected. RESULTS We found no significant associations between cortisol levels and pain or distress in isolation. When stratified by person-level variables, associations were revealed with distress (TIDS) in young age and low pretrauma stress subgroups (hair cortisol) and low BMI (blood cortisol). Through hierarchical regression analysis, we found the "cortisol X age" or "cortisol X stress" interaction terms significantly improved TIDS prediction beyond either variable in isolation (Age: ∆ R2 =15.1%; pretrauma stress: ∆ R2 =9.1%). DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that while linear correlations between pain-related distress and cortisol may be overly simplistic, certain person-level variables such as age, pretrauma stress, and BMI are worthy of consideration for experimental design or confounder characterization in future studies of pain and distress following musculoskeletal injuries especially when "trait" (hair) cortisol is the predictor variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Jesin
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - David M Walton
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- School of Physical Therapy, Western University, London ON, Canada
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Lima Oliveira M, Biggers A, Oddo VM, Naylor KB, Chen Z, Hamm A, Pezley L, Peñalver Bernabé B, Gabel K, Sharp LK, Tussing-Humphreys LM. Design of a Remote Time-Restricted Eating and Mindfulness Intervention to Reduce Risk Factors Associated with Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer Development among Young Adults. Nutrients 2024; 16:504. [PMID: 38398828 PMCID: PMC10893350 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) is defined as a diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) in individuals younger than 50 years of age. While overall CRC rates in the United States (US) decreased between 2001 and 2018, EOCRC rates have increased. This research project aims to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of Time-Restricted Eating (TRE), Mindfulness, or TRE combined with Mindfulness among young to middle-aged adults at risk of EOCRC. Forty-eight participants will be randomly assigned to one of four groups: TRE, Mindfulness, TRE and Mindfulness, or Control. Data on feasibility, adherence, and acceptability will be collected. Measures assessed at baseline and post-intervention will include body weight, body composition, dietary intake, physical activity, sleep behavior, circulating biomarkers, hair cortisol, and the gut microbiome. The effects of the intervention on the following will be examined: (1) acceptability and feasibility; (2) body weight, body composition, and adherence to TRE; (3) circulating metabolic, inflammation, and oxidative stress biomarkers; (4) intestinal inflammation; and (5) the gut microbiome. TRE, combined with Mindfulness, holds promise for stress reduction and weight management among individuals at risk of EOCRC. The results of this pilot study will inform the design and development of larger trials aimed at preventing risk factors associated with EOCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoela Lima Oliveira
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (V.M.O.); (A.H.); (K.G.)
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.B.N.)
| | - Alana Biggers
- College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Vanessa M. Oddo
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (V.M.O.); (A.H.); (K.G.)
| | - Keith B. Naylor
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.B.N.)
- College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Zhengjia Chen
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.B.N.)
| | - Alyshia Hamm
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (V.M.O.); (A.H.); (K.G.)
| | - Lacey Pezley
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (V.M.O.); (A.H.); (K.G.)
| | | | - Kelsey Gabel
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (V.M.O.); (A.H.); (K.G.)
| | - Lisa K. Sharp
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.B.N.)
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Lisa Marie Tussing-Humphreys
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (V.M.O.); (A.H.); (K.G.)
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (K.B.N.)
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Szalanczy AM, Fitzpatrick M, Beeson A, Bui T, Dyson C, Eller S, Landry J, Scott C, Grzybowski M, Klotz J, Geurts AM, Weiner JL, Redei EE, Solberg Woods LC. Chronic stress from adolescence to adulthood increases adiposity and anxiety in rats with decreased expression of Krtcap3. Front Genet 2024; 14:1247232. [PMID: 38323241 PMCID: PMC10844407 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1247232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
We previously identified Keratinocyte-associated protein 3, Krtcap3, as a novel adiposity gene, but subsequently found that its impact on adiposity may depend on environmental stress. To more thoroughly understand the connection between Krtcap3, adiposity, and stress, we exposed wild-type (WT) and Krtcap3 knock-out (KO) rats to chronic stress then measured adiposity and behavioral outcomes. We found that KO rats displayed lower basal stress than WT rats under control conditions and exhibited metabolic and behavioral responses to chronic stress exposure. Specifically, stress-exposed KO rats gained more weight, consumed more food when socially isolated, and displayed more anxiety-like behaviors relative to control KO rats. Meanwhile, there were minimal differences between control and stressed WT rats. At study conclusion stress-exposed KO rats had increased corticosterone (CORT) relative to control KO rats with no differences between WT rats. In addition, KO rats, independent of prior stress exposure, had an increased CORT response to removal of their cage-mate (psychosocial stress), which was only seen in WT rats when exposed to chronic stress. Finally, we found differences in expression of the glucocorticoid receptor, Nr3c1, in the pituitary and colon between control and stress-exposed KO rats that were not present in WT rats. These data support that Krtcap3 expression affects stress response, potentially via interactions with Nr3c1, with downstream effects on adiposity and behavior. Future work is necessary to more thoroughly understand the role of Krtcap3 in the stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria M. Szalanczy
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Mackenzie Fitzpatrick
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Angela Beeson
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Trangdai Bui
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Christina Dyson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Seth Eller
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Julia Landry
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Christina Scott
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Michael Grzybowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Jason Klotz
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Aron M. Geurts
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Jeff L. Weiner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Eva E. Redei
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Leah C. Solberg Woods
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
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Jang S, Jang S, Kim J, Park W. Multi-tissue transcriptome analysis to identify candidate genes associated with weight regulation in Hanwoo cattle. Front Genet 2024; 14:1304638. [PMID: 38264212 PMCID: PMC10803631 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1304638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
While genetic markers related to meat production traits have been identified in many other cattle breeds, research on weight in Hanwoo cattle (Korean native cattle) is still insufficient. In this study, we performed expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis and differential gene expression analysis to detect candidate genes influencing the weight characteristics of 32 castrated Hanwoo cattle across 22 tissues and, we identified variants that affect gene expression levels. In total, we identified a total of 3,298 differentially expressed genes, among which we discovered key genes such as UBD, RGS2, FASN, and SCD that have functions related to adipogenesis, body weight, obesity, and lipid metabolism. Gene-set enrichment analysis revealed that candidate genes in adipose tissue are involved in metabolic pathways linked to obesity-related traits, adipose metabolism, and lipid metabolism. Additionally, we found that decreased expression of TRIM31 contributes to weight gain which can be explained by the associated candidate cis-eQTL genotypes for TRIM31 and their effect on differential gene expression between the lower and higher weight groups. Our findings revealed candidate genes associated with the weight of Hanwoo cattle and perhaps can provide comprehensive insights into the association of weight with various tissues beyond adipose tissue and muscle, indicating the potential for expanding the focus of livestock trait research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subin Jang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunsik Jang
- Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woncheoul Park
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea
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11
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Odetayo AF, Akhigbe RE, Bassey GE, Hamed MA, Olayaki LA. Impact of stress on male fertility: role of gonadotropin inhibitory hormone. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1329564. [PMID: 38260147 PMCID: PMC10801237 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1329564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies have implicated oxidative stress-sensitive signaling in the pathogenesis of stress-induced male infertility. However, apart from oxidative stress, gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (GnIH) plays a major role. The present study provides a detailed review of the role of GnIH in stress-induced male infertility. Available evidence-based data revealed that GnIH enhances the release of corticosteroids by activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. GnIH also mediates the inhibition of the conversion of thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) by suppressing the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroidal axis. In addition, GnIH inhibits gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), thus suppressing the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis, and by extension testosterone biosynthesis. More so, GnIH inhibits kisspeptin release. These events distort testicular histoarchitecture, impair testicular and adrenal steroidogenesis, lower spermatogenesis, and deteriorate sperm quality and function. In conclusion, GnIH, via multiple mechanisms, plays a key role in stress-induced male infertility. Suppression of GnIH under stressful conditions may thus be a beneficial prophylactic and/or therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeyemi F. Odetayo
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Health Sciences, Ila Orangun, Nigeria
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Roland E. Akhigbe
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria
- Department of Physiology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | | | - Moses A. Hamed
- Reproductive Biology and Toxicology Research Laboratory, Oasis of Grace Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
- The Brainwill Laboratories and Biomedical Services, Osogbo, Nigeria
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12
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Yi X, Wan X, Khan MA, Sun X, Wang Z, Chen K, Peng L. Expression Analysis of circRNAs in Human Adipogenesis. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:45-54. [PMID: 38192493 PMCID: PMC10771721 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s381603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Adipogenesis is one of the major pathways for generating obesity or overweight that can cause a range of metabolic disorders. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a specific type of RNAs, have a significant influence on metabolic disorders. This study aims to find differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs) during human subcutaneous adipose tissue (SATs) adipogenesis. Patients and Methods The human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (hADSCs) were isolated from human SATs (n = 3), and then induced into adipocytes. Total RNAs were extracted from hADSCs and adipocytes, and he DECs were detected using circRNA microarray. The GO and KEGG pathways of DECs were analyzed by bioinformatic methods, and partial DECs were further validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results Our study detected a total of 1987 DECs, among which, 1134 were found upregulated and 853 were downregulated. GO analysis showed that the upregulated DECs have catalytic activity in intracellular organelle and cytoplasms, whereas downregulated DECs are enriched in organelle lumen, and are involved in positive regulation of developmental process. In addition, pathway results demonstrated that upregulated DECs are involved in platinum drug resistance and cellular senescence, and downregulated DECs are enriched in proteoglycans in cancer and focal adhesion pathway. Two circRNAs, namely has_circ_0001600 and has_circ_0001947 were validated to be significantly upregulated in adipocytes compared to hADSCs. Conclusion Our study explored DECs between hADSCs derived from SATs and adipocytes, and report that two circRNAs named has_circ_0001600 and has_circ_0001947 might be important factors involved in human adipogenesis, however, the molecular mechanism should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yi
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinxing Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Md Asaduzzaman Khan
- Research Division, Nature Study Society of Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
- Pulmonary Department, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Xiaoying Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhouqi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Peng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Ghasemzadeh-Hasankolaei M, Elcombe CS, Powls S, Lea RG, Sinclair KD, Padmanabhan V, Evans NP, Bellingham M. Preconceptional and in utero exposure of sheep to a real-life environmental chemical mixture disrupts key markers of energy metabolism in male offspring. J Neuroendocrinol 2024; 36:e13358. [PMID: 38087451 PMCID: PMC10841670 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Over recent decades, an extensive array of anthropogenic chemicals have entered the environment and have been implicated in the increased incidence of an array of diseases, including metabolic syndrome. The ubiquitous presence of these environmental chemicals (ECs) necessitates the use of real-life exposure models to the assess cumulative risk burden to metabolic health. Sheep that graze on biosolids-treated pastures are exposed to a real-life mixture of ECs such as phthalates, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and metabolites thereof, and this EC exposure can result in metabolic disorders in their offspring. Using this model, we evaluated the effects of gestational exposure to a complex EC mixture on plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations and metabolic and epigenetic regulatory genes in tissues key to energy regulation and storage, including the hypothalamus, liver, and adipose depots of 11-month-old male offspring. Our results demonstrated a binary effect of EC exposure on gene expression particularly in the hypothalamus. Principal component analysis revealed two subsets (B-S1 [n = 6] and B-S2 [n = 4]) within the biosolids group (B, n = 10), relative to the controls (C, n = 11). Changes in body weight, TG levels, and in gene expression in the hypothalamus, and visceral and subcutaneous fat were apparent between biosolid and control and the two subgroups of biosolids animals. These findings demonstrate that gestational exposure to an EC mixture results in differential regulation of metabolic processes in adult male offspring. Binary effects on hypothalamic gene expression and altered expression of lipid metabolism genes in visceral and subcutaneous fat, coupled with phenotypic outcomes, point to differences in individual susceptibility to EC exposure that could predispose vulnerable individuals to later metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ghasemzadeh-Hasankolaei
- School of Biodiversity One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Chris S Elcombe
- School of Biodiversity One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Samantha Powls
- School of Biodiversity One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Richard G Lea
- University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
| | - Kevin D Sinclair
- University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
| | | | - Neil P Evans
- School of Biodiversity One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michelle Bellingham
- School of Biodiversity One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Carullo N, Zicarelli M, Michael A, Faga T, Battaglia Y, Pisani A, Perticone M, Costa D, Ielapi N, Coppolino G, Bolignano D, Serra R, Andreucci M. Childhood Obesity: Insight into Kidney Involvement. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17400. [PMID: 38139229 PMCID: PMC10743690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This review examines the impact of childhood obesity on the kidney from an epidemiological, pathogenetic, clinical, and pathological perspective, with the aim of providing pediatricians and nephrologists with the most current data on this topic. The prevalence of childhood obesity and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is steadily increasing worldwide, reaching epidemic proportions. While the impact of obesity in children with CKD is less pronounced than in adults, recent studies suggest a similar trend in the child population. This is likely due to the significant association between obesity and the two leading causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD): diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension. Obesity is a complex, systemic disease that reflects interactions between environmental and genetic factors. A key mechanism of kidney damage is related to metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. Therefore, we can speculate about an adipose tissue-kidney axis in which neurohormonal and immunological mechanisms exacerbate complications resulting from obesity. Adipose tissue, now recognized as an endocrine organ, secretes cytokines called adipokines that may induce adaptive or maladaptive responses in renal cells, leading to kidney fibrosis. The impact of obesity on kidney transplant-related outcomes for both donors and recipients is also significant, making stringent preventive measures critical in the pre- and post-transplant phases. The challenge lies in identifying renal involvement as early as possible, as it is often completely asymptomatic and not detectable through common markers of kidney function. Ongoing research into innovative technologies, such as proteomics and metabolomics, aims to identify new biomarkers and is constantly evolving. Many aspects of pediatric disease progression in the population of children with obesity still require clarification. However, the latest scientific evidence in the field of nephrology offers glimpses into various new perspectives, such as genetic factors, comorbidities, and novel biomarkers. Investigating these aspects early could potentially improve the prognosis of these young patients through new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Hence, the aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive exploration of the pathogenetic mechanisms and prevalent pathological patterns of kidney damage observed in children with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazareno Carullo
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.C.); (M.Z.); (A.M.); (T.F.); (G.C.)
| | - Mariateresa Zicarelli
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.C.); (M.Z.); (A.M.); (T.F.); (G.C.)
| | - Ashour Michael
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.C.); (M.Z.); (A.M.); (T.F.); (G.C.)
| | - Teresa Faga
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.C.); (M.Z.); (A.M.); (T.F.); (G.C.)
| | - Yuri Battaglia
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy;
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Department of Public Health, University Federico II of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Maria Perticone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.P.); (D.C.); (D.B.)
| | - Davide Costa
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.P.); (D.C.); (D.B.)
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), “Magna Graecia” University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Nicola Ielapi
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), “Magna Graecia” University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Disease, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Coppolino
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.C.); (M.Z.); (A.M.); (T.F.); (G.C.)
| | - Davide Bolignano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.P.); (D.C.); (D.B.)
| | - Raffaele Serra
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.P.); (D.C.); (D.B.)
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), “Magna Graecia” University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Michele Andreucci
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (N.C.); (M.Z.); (A.M.); (T.F.); (G.C.)
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15
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Mitra S, Mitra M, Nandi P, Pandey M, Chakrabarty M, Saha M, Nandi DK. Efficacy of Yoga for COVID-19 Stress Prophylaxis. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:1034-1042. [PMID: 37625797 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global COVID-19 lockdown restricted daily routines due to the psychological fear of infection, which imposed an unknown universal threat on female college students, affecting physiological health and well-being. However, scant information concerning the efficacy of yogic practice on female college students during the stressful COVID-19 pandemic situation is available. METHODS In a randomized controlled trial (n = 74, age = 21.65 [4.05] y), a study was conducted with a well-conceptualized yogic module for 5 days/week for 3 months (40 min daily in the morning) among yogic volunteers. Pre-post analysis of anthropometric, physiological, and biochemical indices in pandemic-stressed female college students was done for the control and yoga groups. RESULTS After 3 months of yogic practice, significant reduction (P < .05) in heart rate (d = 0.64, meandiff = 5.43), systolic blood pressure (d = 0.59, meandiff = 5.32), cortisol (d = 0.59, meandiff = 6.354), and triglycerides (P < .01, d = 0.45, meandiff = 13.95) was observed. After yogic follow-up significant improvement (P < .01) in high-frequency (d = 0.56, meandiff = -7.3), total power (d = 0.46, meandiff = -1150) and time domain parameters of heart rate variability led to ameliorate the stress index. Superoxide dismutase (P < .01, d = 0.78, meandiff = 0.69), catalase (P < .05, d = 0.48, meandiff = -7.37), glutathione (P < .001, d = 0.83, meandiff = -4.15), high-density lipoprotein (P < .05, d = 0.48, meandiff = -11.07), and dopamine (P < .001, d = 0.97, meandiff = -135.4) values along with inflammatory markers (P < .001) significantly improved among yogic volunteers after regular practice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that a 3-month well-conceptualized yogic intervention during COVID-19 may be considered as a prophylactic tool to improve female college students' universal psychophysiological health by ameliorating autonomic functions, cardiometabolic risk factors, and immune metabolisms in an economical and environment-friendly manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeep Mitra
- Laboratory of Human Performance, PG Department of Human Physiology & BMLT, Raja Narendra Lal Khan Women's College (Autonomous), Midnapore,India
| | - Mousumi Mitra
- Laboratory of Human Performance, PG Department of Human Physiology & BMLT, Raja Narendra Lal Khan Women's College (Autonomous), Midnapore,India
| | - Purna Nandi
- Laboratory of Human Performance, PG Department of Human Physiology & BMLT, Raja Narendra Lal Khan Women's College (Autonomous), Midnapore,India
| | - Madhumita Pandey
- Laboratory of Human Performance, PG Department of Human Physiology & BMLT, Raja Narendra Lal Khan Women's College (Autonomous), Midnapore,India
| | - Mousumi Chakrabarty
- Laboratory of Human Performance, PG Department of Human Physiology & BMLT, Raja Narendra Lal Khan Women's College (Autonomous), Midnapore,India
| | - Mantu Saha
- Work Physiology & Yoga Laboratory, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Delhi,India
| | - Dilip Kumar Nandi
- Laboratory of Human Performance, PG Department of Human Physiology & BMLT, Raja Narendra Lal Khan Women's College (Autonomous), Midnapore,India
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Szalanczy AM, Giorgio G, Goff E, Seshie O, Grzybowski M, Klotz J, Geurts AM, Redei EE, Solberg Woods LC. Changes in environmental stress over COVID-19 pandemic likely contributed to failure to replicate adiposity phenotype associated with Krtcap3. Physiol Genomics 2023; 55:452-467. [PMID: 37458463 PMCID: PMC10642928 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00019.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously identified keratinocyte-associated protein 3, Krtcap3, as an obesity-related gene in female rats where a whole body Krtcap3 knockout (KO) led to increased adiposity compared to wild-type (WT) controls when fed a high-fat diet (HFD). We sought to replicate this work to better understand the function of Krtcap3 but were unable to reproduce the adiposity phenotype. In the current work, WT female rats ate more compared to WT in the prior study, with corresponding increases in body weight and fat mass, while there were no changes in these measures in KO females between the studies. The prior study was conducted before the COVID-19 pandemic, while the current study started after initial lockdown orders and was completed during the pandemic in a generally less stressful environment. We hypothesize that the environmental changes impacted stress levels and may explain the failure to replicate our results. Analysis of corticosterone (CORT) at euthanasia showed a significant study-by-genotype interaction where WT had significantly higher CORT relative to KO in study 1, with no differences in study 2. These data suggest that decreasing Krtcap3 expression may alter the environmental stress response to influence adiposity. We also found that KO rats in both studies, but not WT, experienced a dramatic increase in CORT after their cage mate was removed, suggesting a separate connection to social behavioral stress. Future work is necessary to confirm and elucidate the finer mechanisms of these relationships, but these data indicate the possibility of Krtcap3 as a novel stress gene.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Obesity is linked to both genetics and environmental factors such as stress. Krtcap3 has previously been identified as a gene associated with adiposity, and our work here demonstrates that environmental stress may influence the role of Krtcap3 on both food intake and adiposity. Obesity is strongly influenced by stress in humans, so the identification of novel genes that link stress and obesity will greatly advance our understanding of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria M Szalanczy
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States
| | - Gina Giorgio
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States
| | - Emily Goff
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States
| | - Osborne Seshie
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States
| | - Michael Grzybowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Jason Klotz
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Aron M Geurts
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Eva E Redei
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Leah C Solberg Woods
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States
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17
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Zhu Q, Cai Y, Xiao C, Kong L, Pan X, Song B, Song Z. RNA sequencing transcriptomics and metabolomics in three poultry breeds. Sci Data 2023; 10:594. [PMID: 37679362 PMCID: PMC10484955 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02505-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chickens are remarkably versatile animals that are used as model organisms for biomedical research. Here, we performed metabolomic and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) transcriptomic analyses of the hypothalamus, liver tissue and serum of poultry with different genetic backgrounds, providing detailed information for hypothalamus and liver tissue at the transcriptional level and for liver tissue and serum at the metabolite level. We present two datasets generated from 36 samples from three poultry breeds using high-throughput RNA-Seq and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry acquisition (LC/MS). The transcriptomic and metabolomic data obtained for poultry of different genetic backgrounds will be a valuable resource for further studies on this model organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qidong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Nongrain Feed Resources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yuanli Cai
- College of Life Science, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250200, China
| | - Chuanpi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Nongrain Feed Resources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, 5030, Belgium
| | - Linglian Kong
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Nongrain Feed Resources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xue Pan
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Nongrain Feed Resources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Bochen Song
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Nongrain Feed Resources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Zhigang Song
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Nongrain Feed Resources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China.
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Sousa S, Pestana D, Faria G, Delerue-Matos C, Calhau C, Fernandes Domingues V. Adipose tissue fatty acids as biomarkers for metabolic dysfunction in obese females: Implication of menopause and ageing. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2023; 195:102581. [PMID: 37494765 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2023.102581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FA) are biomarkers of metabolic dysfunction. Adipose tissue is the largest reservoir of FA and acts differently in obese individuals. Menopause by itself significantly alters metabolism, lipid metabolism dysregulation, and adipose tissue distribution. How adipose tissue FA alters an obese individual's metabolism depending on a female's menopausal status is yet poorly understood. Hence, the subcutaneous (scAT) and visceral adipose tissue (vAT) FA profile for 173 obese premenopausal and postmenopausal women was measured and associated with biochemical parameters. scAT and vAT FA profiles were distinct by themselves and in menopause. In total 816 associations were found with biochemical parameters, where only 58 were independent of the menopausal status. The associations found to emphasize the importance of assessing the adipose tissue FA profile and how their behavior changes with menopause. The FA are crucial in metabolic processes and can be helpful biomarkers in the prevention/treatment and follow-up of female obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sousa
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diogo Pestana
- Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; Nutrição e Metabolismo NOVA Medical School Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gil Faria
- Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal
| | - Conceição Calhau
- Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; Nutrição e Metabolismo NOVA Medical School Faculdade de Ciências Médicas Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria 130, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
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19
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Szalanczy AM, Giorgio G, Goff E, Seshie O, Grzybowski M, Klotz J, Geurts AM, Redei EE, Solberg Woods LC. Changes in Environmental Stress over COVID-19 Pandemic Likely Contributed to Failure to Replicate Adiposity Phenotype Associated with Krtcap3. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.15.532439. [PMID: 36993361 PMCID: PMC10055176 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.15.532439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
We previously identified Keratinocyte-associated protein 3, Krtcap3, as an obesity-related gene in female rats where a whole-body Krtcap3 knock-out (KO) led to increased adiposity compared to wild-type (WT) controls when fed a high-fat diet (HFD). We sought to replicate this work to better understand the function of Krtcap3 but were unable to reproduce the adiposity phenotype. In the current work, WT female rats ate more compared to WT in the prior study, with corresponding increases in body weight and fat mass, while there were no changes in these measures in KO females between the studies. The prior study was conducted before the COVID-19 pandemic, while the current study started after initial lock-down orders and was completed during the pandemic with a generally less stressful environment. We hypothesize that the environmental changes impacted stress levels and may explain the failure to replicate our results. Analysis of corticosterone (CORT) at euthanasia showed a significant study by genotype interaction where WT had significantly higher CORT relative to KO in Study 1, with no differences in Study 2. These data suggest that decreasing Krtcap3 expression may alter the environmental stress response to influence adiposity. We also found that KO rats in both studies, but not WT, experienced a dramatic increase in CORT after their cage mate was removed, suggesting a separate connection to social behavioral stress. Future work is necessary to confirm and elucidate the finer mechanisms of these relationships, but these data indicate the possibility of Krtcap3 as a novel stress gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria M Szalanczy
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC USA
| | - Gina Giorgio
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC USA
| | - Emily Goff
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC USA
| | - Osborne Seshie
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC USA
| | - Michael Grzybowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jason Klotz
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Aron M Geurts
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Eva E Redei
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Leah C Solberg Woods
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC USA
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20
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Ersig AL, Young EE, Brown RL, Malecki K. Genetic Variation, Stress, and Physiological Stress Response in Adults With Food Allergy or Celiac Disease. Biol Res Nurs 2023; 25:300-309. [PMID: 36280595 DOI: 10.1177/10998004221134826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistently high chronic stress can lead to maladaptive psychological, behavioral, and physiological stress responses and poor mental and physical health, highlighting the importance of identifying individuals at increased risk. Chronic health condition diagnosis and genetics are 2 characteristics that can influence stress, stress response, and health outcomes. PURPOSE Food allergy (FA) and celiac disease (CD) require constant vigilance in daily life and can lead to increased stress. The purpose of this exploratory analysis was to examine the association of variants in selected stress-related genes with stress exposures, stress, clinical measures of physiological stress response, and mental health symptoms in adults with and without FA or CD. METHODS We compared stress exposures, symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and stress, BMI, and waist-hip ratio between cases and controls. We analyzed the association of SNPs in genes with known or hypothesized associations with stress-related measures in 124 cases and 124 matched controls: CRHBP (rs7718461, rs10474485), CRHR1 (rs242940) and OXTR (rs2268490). For this exploratory study, p-values ≤ 0.10 were considered suggestive. RESULTS For cases and controls, rs7718461 was associated with stress symptoms, rs2268490 with symptoms of stress and PTSD, and rs242940 with symptoms of stress, PTSD, anxiety, and depression. Further analyses found that stress-related outcomes in individuals with FA or CD may be influenced by SNP genotype. CONCLUSIONS Given these suggestive findings, larger prospective studies should examine similar relationships in individuals with other chronic health conditions, incorporating factors such as environmental exposures, individual experiences, and epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L Ersig
- 5228University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Nursing, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Erin E Young
- 12251University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Roger L Brown
- 5228University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Nursing, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kristen Malecki
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, 14681University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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21
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Stefanaki C, Paltoglou G, Mastorakos G, Chrousos GP. Chronic Stress and Steatosis of Muscles, Bones, Liver, and Pancreas: A Review. Horm Res Paediatr 2023; 96:66-73. [PMID: 35144259 DOI: 10.1159/000522540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic stress is a recognized risk factor for poor health, body composition disequilibrium, impaired mental health, and deterioration of quality of life. Chronic stress-related cortisol oversecretion and circadian dysregulation and associated systemic low grade, injurious inflammation ("para-inflammation") contribute to steatosis in various metabolically active solid organs, affecting both their structure and function. The aim of this review was to summarize current knowledge on the impact of chronic stress and associated para-inflammation on skeletal muscle, bone, liver, and pancreas, leading to their steatosis. Current management of these maladaptive conditions is also included and underscored in this review. SUMMARY Steatosis of metabolically active solid organs is involved in various metabolic processes and considered a risk factor for chronic noncommunicable diseases, yet its role in chronic stress physiology and pathophysiology has been overlooked. KEY MESSAGES Chronic stress-associated steatosis of several solid organs is generally disregarded in current clinical practice. Physicians should be alert for these steatoses and should address them adequately so as to provide appropriate medical care. New guidelines generated by learned societies are needed, along with large observational studies, to offer novel solutions to this old problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charikleia Stefanaki
- Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus, and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Aretaieion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Paltoglou
- Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus, and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Aretaieion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Mastorakos
- Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus, and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Aretaieion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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22
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Liu X, Zhang H, Zhang S, Mao W, Liu L, Deng C, Hu CH. Olanzapine-induced decreases of FGF21 in brown adipose tissue via histone modulations drive UCP1-dependent thermogenetic impairment. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 122:110692. [PMID: 36509252 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Long-term olanzapine treatment has been associated with serious metabolism disorders, such as abnormal body weight gain, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. Recently, accumulated evidence points to a link between the metabolic disorders caused by olanzapine and thermogenetic impairment. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a pleiotropic protein, is a potent stimulator of thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT). However, the relationship between autocrine FGF21 in BAT and thermogenetic impairment induced by olanzapine has not been investigated. In this study, C57BL/6 mice and C3H10T1/2 (a brown adipocyte cell line) were used to investigate the role of FGF21 in modulating thermogenetic impairments caused by olanzapine. Our data found a fall in BAT temperature, with a decrease in the protein levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and FGF21 in olanzapine-treatment mice. Olanzapine-induced deficits of mitochondrial activity and the expression of UCP1 and related thermogenetic factors could be improved by FGF21-overexpression in brown adipocytes. Furthermore, ChIP-sequencing showed the H3K9me3 modification in Fgf21 was dramatically increased in BAT of mice with olanzapine treatment. Lysine-specific demethylase 4a (KDM4a), a histone demethylase responsible for site-specific erasure of H3K9me3, was decreased in olanzapine-treated C3H10T1/2 cells, whereas FGF21 and UCP1 expression and thermogenesis were upregulated in KMD2a-overexpressing brown adipocyte. We concluded that FGF21 was a crucial regulator mediating UCP1-dependent thermogenetic impairments by olanzapine-modulating histone methylations. Our results also provide novel insights into identifying a new therapeutic target for treating metabolic side effects caused by the antipsychotic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Haotian Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Shimei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Wenxing Mao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, Chongqing 401121, PR China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Chao Deng
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Antipsychotic Research Laboratory, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong 2522, NSW, Australia
| | - Chang-Hua Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
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23
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Sahu B, Bal NC. Adipokines from white adipose tissue in regulation of whole body energy homeostasis. Biochimie 2023; 204:92-107. [PMID: 36084909 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diseases originating from altered energy homeostasis including obesity, and type 2 diabetes are rapidly increasing worldwide. Research in the last few decades on animal models and humans demonstrates that the white adipose tissue (WAT) is critical for energy balance and more than just an energy storage site. WAT orchestrates the whole-body metabolism through inter-organ crosstalk primarily mediated by cytokines named "Adipokines". The adipokines influence metabolism and fuel selection of the skeletal muscle and liver thereby fine-tuning the load on WAT itself in physiological conditions like starvation, exercise and cold. In addition, adipokine secretion is influenced by various pathological conditions like obesity, inflammation and diabetes. In this review, we have surveyed the current state of knowledge on important adipokines and their significance in regulating energy balance and metabolic diseases. Furthermore, we have summarized the interplay of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory adipokines in the modulation of pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijayashree Sahu
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
| | - Naresh C Bal
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
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24
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Gonzalez-Nahm S, Marchesoni J, Maity A, Maguire RL, House JS, Tucker R, Atkinson T, Murphy SK, Hoyo C. Maternal Mediterranean Diet Adherence and Its Associations with Maternal Prenatal Stressors and Child Growth. Curr Dev Nutr 2022; 6:nzac146. [PMID: 36406812 PMCID: PMC9665863 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzac146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Psychosocial and physiologic stressors, such as depression and obesity, during pregnancy can have negative consequences, such as increased systemic inflammation, contributing to chronic disease for both mothers and their unborn children. These conditions disproportionately affect racial/ethnic minorities. The effects of recommended dietary patterns in mitigating the effects of these stressors remain understudied. Objectives We aimed to evaluate the relations between maternal Mediterranean diet adherence (MDA) and maternal and offspring outcomes during the first decade of life in African Americans, Hispanics, and Whites. Methods This study included 929 mother-child dyads from the NEST (Newborn Epigenetics STudy), a prospective cohort study. FFQs were used to estimate MDA in pregnant women. Weight and height were measured in children between birth and age 8 y. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine associations between maternal MDA, inflammatory cytokines, and pregnancy and postnatal outcomes. Results More than 55% of White women reported high MDA during the periconceptional period compared with 22% of Hispanic and 18% of African American women (P < 0.05). Higher MDA was associated with lower likelihood of depressive mood (β = -0.45; 95% CI: -0.90, -0.18; P = 0.02) and prepregnancy obesity (β = -0.29; 95% CI: -0.57, -0.0002; P = 0.05). Higher MDA was also associated with lower body size at birth, which was maintained to ages 3-5 and 6-8 y-this association was most apparent in White children (3-5 y: β = -2.9, P = 0.02; 6-8 y: β = -3.99, P = 0.01). Conclusions If replicated in larger studies, our data suggest that MDA provides a potent avenue by which effects of prenatal stressors on maternal and fetal outcomes can be mitigated to reduce ethnic disparities in childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gonzalez-Nahm
- Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Joddy Marchesoni
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Arnab Maity
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Rachel L Maguire
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - John S House
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rachel Tucker
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Tamara Atkinson
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Susan K Murphy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cathrine Hoyo
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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25
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Chacko TP, Toole JT, Richman S, Spink GL, Reinhard MJ, Brewster RC, Costanzo ME, Broderick G. Mapping the network biology of metabolic response to stress in posttraumatic stress disorder and obesity. Front Psychol 2022; 13:941019. [PMID: 35959009 PMCID: PMC9362840 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.941019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The co-occurrence of stress-induced posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and obesity is common, particularly among military personnel but the link between these conditions is unclear. Individuals with comorbid PTSD and obesity manifest other physical and psychological problems, which significantly diminish their quality of life. Current understanding of the pathways connecting stress to PTSD and obesity is focused largely on behavioral mediators alone with little consideration of the biological regulatory mechanisms that underlie their co-occurrence. In this work, we leverage prior knowledge to systematically highlight such bio-behavioral mechanisms and inform on the design of confirmatory pilot studies. We use natural language processing (NLP) to extract documented regulatory interactions involved in the metabolic response to stress and its impact on obesity and PTSD from over 8 million peer-reviewed papers. The resulting network describes the propagation of stress to PTSD and obesity through 34 metabolic mediators using 302 documented regulatory interactions supported by over 10,000 citations. Stress jointly affected both conditions through 21 distinct pathways involving only two intermediate metabolic mediators out of a total of 76 available paths through this network. Moreover, oxytocin (OXT), Neuropeptide-Y (NPY), and cortisol supported an almost direct propagation of stress to PTSD and obesity with different net effects. Although stress upregulated both NPY and cortisol, the downstream effects of both markers are reported to relieve PTSD severity but exacerbate obesity. The stress-mediated release of oxytocin, however, was found to concurrently downregulate the severity of both conditions. These findings highlight how a network-informed approach that leverages prior knowledge might be used effectively in identifying key mediators like OXT though experimental verification of signal transmission dynamics through each path will be needed to determine the actual likelihood and extent of each marker’s participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P. Chacko
- Center for Clinical Systems Biology, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, United States
- Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - J. Tory Toole
- Center for Clinical Systems Biology, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, United States
- Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Spencer Richman
- Center for Clinical Systems Biology, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Garry L. Spink
- Rochester Regional Behavioral Health, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Matthew J. Reinhard
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Ryan C. Brewster
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Michelle E. Costanzo
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Gordon Broderick
- Center for Clinical Systems Biology, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Gordon Broderick,
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26
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Takic M, Pokimica B, Petrovic-Oggiano G, Popovic T. Effects of Dietary α-Linolenic Acid Treatment and the Efficiency of Its Conversion to Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acids in Obesity and Related Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144471. [PMID: 35889342 PMCID: PMC9317994 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The essential fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is present in high amounts in oils such as flaxseed, soy, hemp, rapeseed, chia, and perilla, while stearidonic acid is abundant in echium oil. ALA is metabolized to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by desaturases and elongases in humans. The conversion of ALA to EPA and DHA is limited, and these long-chain n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are mainly provided from dietary sources (fish and seafood). This review provides an overview of studies that explored the effects of dietary supplementation with ALA in obesity and related diseases. The obesity-associated changes of desaturase and elongase activities are summarized, as they could influence the metabolic conversion of ALA. Generally, supplementation with ALA or ALA-rich oils leads to an increase in EPA levels and has no effect on DHA or omega-3 index. According to the literature data, stearidonic acid could enhance conversion of ALA to long-chain n−3 PUFA in obesity. Recent studies confirm that EPA and DHA intake should be considered as a primary dietary treatment strategy for improving the omega-3 index in obesity and related diseases.
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27
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Joseph-Lemon L, Thompson H, Verostick L, Shizuka Oura H, Jolles DR. Outcomes of Cannabis Use During Pregnancy Within the American Association of Birth Centers Perinatal Data Registry 2007-2020: Opportunities Within Midwifery-Led Care. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs 2022; 36:264-273. [PMID: 35894723 DOI: 10.1097/jpn.0000000000000668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare providers require data on associations between perinatal cannabis use and birth outcomes. METHODS This observational secondary analysis come from the largest perinatal data registry in the United States related to the midwifery-led birth center model care (American Association of Birth Centers Perinatal Data Registry; N = 19 286). Births are planned across all birth settings (home, birth center, hospital); care is provided by midwives and physicians. RESULTS Population data show that both early and persistent self-reports of cannabis use were associated with higher rates of preterm birth, low-birth-weight, lower 1-minute Apgar score, gestational weight gain, and postpartum hemorrhage. Once controlled for medical and social risk factors using logistic regression, differences for childbearing people disappeared except that the persistent use group was less likely to experience "no intrapartum complications" (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.32-0.76; P < .01), more likely to experience an indeterminate fetal heart rate in labor (aOR = 3.218; 95% CI, 2.23-4.65; P < .05), chorioamnionitis (aOR = 2.8; 95% CI, 1.58-5.0; P < .01), low-birth-weight (aOR = 1.8; 95% CI, 1.08-3.05; P < .01), and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission (aOR = 2.4; 95% CI, 1.30-4.69; P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Well-controlled data demonstrate that self-reports of persistent cannabis use through the third trimester are associated with an increased risk of low-birth-weight and NICU admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lodz Joseph-Lemon
- El Rio Health, Tucson, Arizona (Ms Joseph-Lemon); Elephant Circle, Palisade, Colorado (Dr Thompson); Conemaugh OB/Gyne Associates, Duke Life Point Conemaugh, Johnstown, Pennsylvania (Dr Verostick); Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, the University of Arizona, Tucson (Ms Shizuka Oura); and Frontier Nursing University, Versailles, Kentucky (Dr Jolles)
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28
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Current Knowledge and Novel Therapeutic Approaches Based on Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Stress-Induced Pathology. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58070839. [PMID: 35888559 PMCID: PMC9318175 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58070839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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29
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Burgermaster M, Rodriguez VA. Psychosocial-Behavioral Phenotyping: A Novel Precision Health Approach to Modeling Behavioral, Psychological, and Social Determinants of Health Using Machine Learning. Ann Behav Med 2022; 56:1258-1271. [PMID: 35445699 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The context in which a behavioral intervention is delivered is an important source of variability and systematic approaches are needed to identify and quantify contextual factors that may influence intervention efficacy. Machine learning-based phenotyping methods can contribute to a new precision health paradigm by informing personalized behavior interventions. Two primary goals of precision health, identifying population subgroups and highlighting behavioral intervention targets, can be addressed with psychosocial-behavioral phenotypes. We propose a method for psychosocial-behavioral phenotyping that models social determinants of health in addition to individual-level psychological and behavioral factors. PURPOSE To demonstrate a novel application of machine learning for psychosocial-behavioral phenotyping, the identification of subgroups with similar combinations of psychosocial characteristics. METHODS In this secondary analysis of psychosocial and behavioral data from a community cohort (n = 5,883), we optimized a multichannel mixed membership model (MC3M) using Bayesian inference to identify psychosocial-behavioral phenotypes and used logistic regression to determine which phenotypes were associated with elevated weight status (BMI ≥ 25kg/m2). RESULTS We identified 20 psychosocial-behavioral phenotypes. Phenotypes were conceptually consistent as well as discriminative; most participants had only one active phenotype. Two phenotypes were significantly positively associated with elevated weight status; four phenotypes were significantly negatively associated. Each phenotype suggested different contextual considerations for intervention design. CONCLUSIONS By depicting the complexity of psychological and social determinants of health while also providing actionable insight about similarities and differences among members of the same community, psychosocial-behavioral phenotypes can identify potential intervention targets in context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Burgermaster
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.,Department of Population Health, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Victor A Rodriguez
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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30
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Merabet N, Lucassen PJ, Crielaard L, Stronks K, Quax R, Sloot PMA, la Fleur SE, Nicolaou M. How exposure to chronic stress contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes: A complexity science approach. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 65:100972. [PMID: 34929260 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress contributes to the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D), yet the underlying etiological mechanisms are not fully understood. Responses to stress are influenced by earlier experiences, sex, emotions and cognition, and involve a complex network of neurotransmitters and hormones, that affect multiple biological systems. In addition, the systems activated by stress can be altered by behavioral, metabolic and environmental factors. The impact of stress on metabolic health can thus be considered an emergent process, involving different types of interactions between multiple variables, that are driven by non-linear dynamics at different spatiotemporal scales. To obtain a more comprehensive picture of the links between chronic stress and T2D, we followed a complexity science approach to build a causal loop diagram (CLD) connecting the various mediators and processes involved in stress responses relevant for T2D pathogenesis. This CLD could help develop novel computational models and formulate new hypotheses regarding disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Merabet
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Advanced Study, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 GC, the Netherlands; Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 GC, the Netherlands
| | - Paul J Lucassen
- Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 GC, the Netherlands; Brain Plasticity Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, the Netherlands
| | - Loes Crielaard
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Advanced Study, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 GC, the Netherlands
| | - Karien Stronks
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Advanced Study, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 GC, the Netherlands; Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 GC, the Netherlands
| | - Rick Quax
- Institute for Advanced Study, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 GC, the Netherlands; Computational Science Lab, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, the Netherlands
| | - Peter M A Sloot
- Institute for Advanced Study, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 GC, the Netherlands; Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 GC, the Netherlands; Computational Science Lab, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, the Netherlands; National Centre of Cognitive Research, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Susanne E la Fleur
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism & Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Metabolism and Reward Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Mary Nicolaou
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Advanced Study, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 GC, the Netherlands; Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 GC, the Netherlands.
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Early unhealthy eating habits underlie morpho-functional changes in the liver and adipose tissue in male rats. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 157:657-669. [PMID: 35344087 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02092-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Early-life consumption of high-fat and sugar-rich foods is recognized as a major contributor for the onset of metabolic dysfunction and its related disorders, including diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The lifelong impact of early unhealthy eating habits that start at younger ages remains unclear. Therefore, to better understand the effects of diet, it is essential to evaluate the structural and functional changes induced in metabolic organs and potential mechanisms underlying those changes. To investigate the long-term effects of eating habits, young male rats were exposed to high-sugar and high-energy diets. After 14 weeks, body composition was assessed, and histopathological changes were analyzed in the liver and adipose tissue. Serum biochemical parameters were also determined. Expression of inflammatory markers in the liver was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Our results revealed that serum levels of glucose, creatinine, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and lipid profile were increased in rats red high-sugar and high-energy diets. Histopathological alterations were observed, including abnormal hepatocyte organization and lipid droplet accumulation in the liver, and abnormal structure of adipocytes. In both unhealthy diet groups, hepatic expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and E-selectin were increased, as well as a biomarker of oxidative stress. Together, our data demonstrated that unhealthy diets induced functional and structural changes in the metabolic organs, suggesting that proinflammatory and oxidative stress mechanisms trigger the hepatic alterations and metabolic dysfunction.
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El-Zawawy HT, El-Aghoury AA, Katri KM, El-Sharkawy EM, Gad SMS. Cortisol/DHEA ratio in morbidly obese patients before and after bariatric surgery: Relation to metabolic parameters and cardiovascular performance. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:381-392. [PMID: 34725442 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00997-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bariatric surgery (BS) is the most effective therapy for morbid obesity. Cortisol and DHEA are steroid hormones with opposing effects, thus using Cortisol/DHEA ratio (C/D) rather than the use of either hormone alone has been found to predict health outcomes more reliably. It was interesting to study C/D as an indicator of favorable metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes after BS. OBJECTIVE To assess C/D in morbidly obese patients before and after BS in relation to metabolic parameters and cardiovascular performance. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty morbidly obese patients were followed prospectively for 1 year after BS. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FI), C/D, lipid profile, high-sensitive CRP (hs-CRP), and echocardiography were done before BS and at 3 months and 1 year post BS. RESULTS A total of 40 morbidly obese patients undergone sleeve gastrectomy. Blood pressure, FBG, FI, hs-CRP, C/D were significantly decreased after BS (p < 0.001). At 1 year post BS; significant reduction in left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPW) (p < 0.001), left ventricular mass (LVM) (p = 0.003), relative wall thickness (RWT) (p < 0.001) with a significant improvement in early diastolic velocity (E) (p < 0.001), early diastolic velocity/late diastolic velocity (E/A) (p = 0.01). After BS; C/D significantly positively correlated with FBG (p = 0.019), hs-CRP (p = 0.008), interventricular septum thickness (IVS) (p = 0.028), LVPW (p = 0.028), relative wall thickness (RWT) (p = 0.022), early diastolic velocity /early diastolic velocity (E') measured by pulsed tissue Doppler imaging (E/E') (p = 0.001), and significantly negatively correlated with E' (p = 0.032). C/D was the single significant independent variable affecting E' and E/E' post BS. CONCLUSION C/D can be used as a surrogate marker of the improved FBG and the resolution of inflammation post BS. C/D is an independent predictor of diastolic function improvement post BS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Tarek El-Zawawy
- Internal Medicine department, Endocrinology division, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Aliaa Aly El-Aghoury
- Internal Medicine department, Endocrinology division, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Khaled Mohamed Katri
- Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eman Mohamed El-Sharkawy
- Cardiology and Angiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Samar Mohamed Samy Gad
- Internal Medicine department, Endocrinology division, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Sánchez-Iñigo L, Navarro-González D, Martinez-Urbistondo D, Pastrana JC, Fernandez-Montero A, Martinez JA. Repercussions of absolute and time-rated BMI "yo-yo" fluctuations on cardiovascular stress-related morbidities within the vascular-metabolic CUN cohort. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1087554. [PMID: 36699029 PMCID: PMC9868691 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1087554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The association between body mass index (BMI) fluctuation and BMI fluctuation rate with cardiovascular stress morbidities in a Caucasian European cohort was evaluated to ascertain the impact of weight cycling. METHODS A total of 4,312 patients of the Vascular-Metabolic CUN cohort (VMCUN cohort) were examined and followed up during 9.35 years ( ± 4.39). Cox proportional hazard ratio analyses were performed to assess the risk of developing cardiovascular stress-related diseases (CVDs) across quartiles of BMI fluctuation, measured as the average successive variability (ASV) (ASV = |BMIt0 - BMIt1| + |BMIt1 - BMIt2| + |BMIt2-BMIt3| +…+ |BMItn - 1 - BMItn|/n - 1), and quartiles of BMI fluctuation rate (ASV/year). RESULTS There were 436 incident cases of CVD-associated events involving 40,323.32 person-years of follow-up. A progressively increased risk of CVD in subjects with greater ASV levels was found. Also, a higher level of ASV/year was significantly associated with an increased risk of developing CVD stress independent of confounding factors with a value of 3.71 (95% CI: 2.71-5.07) for those in the highest quartile and 1.82 (95% CI: 1.33-2.50) for those in the third quartile. CONCLUSIONS The BMI fluctuation rate seems to be a better predictor than BMI fluctuation of the potential development of cardiovascular stress morbidities. The time-rated weight fluctuations are apparently more determinant in increasing the risk of a CVD than the weight fluctuation itself, which is remarkable in subjects under "yo-yo" weight patterns for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sánchez-Iñigo
- Department of Primary Health Care of Osasunbidea, Pamplona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Laura Sánchez-Iñigo,
| | | | | | - J. C. Pastrana
- Internal Medicine Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Fernandez-Montero
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - J. A. Martinez
- Department Physiology and Nutrition, University of Navarra (UNAV), Pamplona, Spain
- Madrid Institutes of Advanced Studies (IMDEA) Food and Health Sciences, Madrid, Spain
- Centre of Biomedical Research in Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
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Yim HE, Yoo KH. Obesity and chronic kidney disease: prevalence, mechanism, and management. Clin Exp Pediatr 2021; 64:511-518. [PMID: 33831296 PMCID: PMC8498012 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2021.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing worldwide at an alarming rate. While obesity is known to increase a variety of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, it also acts as a risk factor for the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). During childhood and adolescence, severe obesity is associated with an increased prevalence and incidence of the early stages of kidney disease. Importantly, children born to obese mothers are also at increased risk of developing obesity and CKD later in life. The potential mechanisms underlying the association between obesity and CKD include hemodynamic factors, metabolic effects, and lipid nephrotoxicity. Weight reduction via increased physical activity, caloric restriction, treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and judicious bariatric surgery can be used to control obesity and obesity-related kidney disease. Preventive strategies to halt the obesity epidemic in the healthcare community are needed to reduce the widespread deleterious consequences of obesity including CKD development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Eun Yim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Kee Hwan Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Chamorro-Garcia R, Veiga-Lopez A. The new kids on the block: Emerging obesogens. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2021; 92:457-484. [PMID: 34452694 PMCID: PMC8941623 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The current obesity epidemic is calling for action in the determination of contributing factors. Although social and life-style factors have been traditionally associated with metabolic disruption, a subset of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), called obesogens are garnering increasing attention for their ability to promote adipose tissue differentiation and accumulation. For some chemicals, such as tributyltin, there is conclusive evidence regarding their ability to promote adipogenesis and their mechanism of action. In recent years, the list of chemicals that exert obesogenic potential is increasing. In this chapter, we review current knowledge of the most recent developments in the field of emerging obesogens with a specific focus on food additives, surfactants, and sunscreens, for which the mechanism of action remains unclear. We also review new evidence relative to the obesogenic potential of environmentally relevant chemical mixtures and point to potential therapeutic approaches to minimize the detrimental effects of obesogens. We conclude by discussing the available tools to investigate new obesogenic chemicals, strategies to maximize reproducibility in adipogenic studies, and future directions that will help propel the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Chamorro-Garcia
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States.
| | - Almudena Veiga-Lopez
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; The ChicAgo Center for Health and Environment, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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Abstract
The neural regulation of feeding behaviour, as an essential factor for survival, is an important research area today. Feeding behaviour and other lifestyle habits play a major role in optimising health and obesity control. Feeding behaviour is physiologically controlled through processes associated with energy and nutrient needs. Different brain nuclei are involved in the neural regulation of feeding behaviours. Therefore, understanding the function of these brain nuclei helps develop feeding control methods. Among important brain nuclei, there is scant literature on the central amygdala (CeA) nucleus and feeding behaviour. The CeA is one of the critical brain regions that play a significant role in various physiological and behavioural responses, such as emotional states, reward processing, energy balance and feeding behaviour. It contains γ-aminobutyric acid neurons. Also, it is the major output region of the amygdaloidal complex. Moreover, the CeA is also involved in multiple molecular and biochemical factors and has extensive connections with other brain nuclei and their neurotransmitters, highlighting its role in feeding behaviour. This review aims to highlight the significance of the CeA nucleus on food consumption by its interaction with the performance of reward, digestive and emotional systems.
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The Potential Role of Exosomes in Child and Adolescent Obesity. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8030196. [PMID: 33800718 PMCID: PMC7999028 DOI: 10.3390/children8030196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Child and adolescent obesity constitute one of the greatest contemporary public health menaces. The enduring disproportion between calorie intake and energy consumption, determined by a complex interaction of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors, finally leads to the development of overweight and obesity. Child and adolescent overweight/obesity promotes smoldering systemic inflammation (“para-inflammation”) and increases the likelihood of later metabolic and cardiovascular complications, including metabolic syndrome and its components, which progressively deteriorate during adulthood. Exosomes are endosome-derived extracellular vesicles that are secreted by a variety of cells, are naturally taken-up by target cells, and may be involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Over the last decade, intensive research has been conducted regarding the special role of exosomes and the non-coding (nc) RNAs they contain (primarily micro (mi) RNAs, long (l) non-coding RNAs, messenger (m) RNAs and other molecules) in inter-cellular communications. Through their action as communication mediators, exosomes may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity and associated disorders. There is increasing evidence that exosomal miRNAs and lncRNAs are involved in pivotal processes of adipocyte biology and that, possibly, play important roles in gene regulation linked to human obesity. This review aims to improve our understanding of the roles of exosomes and their cargo in the development of obesity and related metabolic and inflammatory disorders. We examined their potential roles in adipose tissue physiology and reviewed the scarce data regarding the altered patterns of circulating miRNAs and lncRNAs observed in obese children and adolescents, compared them to the equivalent, more abundant existing findings of adult studies, and speculated on their proposed mechanisms of action. Exosomal miRNAs and lncRNAs could be applied as cardiometabolic risk biomarkers, useful in the early diagnosis and prevention of obesity. Furthermore, the targeting of crucial circulating exosomal cargo to tissues involved in the pathogenesis and maintenance of obesity could provide a novel therapeutic approach to this devastating and management-resistant pandemic.
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