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He Y, Bright R, Vasilev K, Zilm P. Development of "Intelligent particles" for the treatment of dental caries. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 202:114374. [PMID: 38942176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Dental caries is one of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases worldwide, mediated by a multispecies biofilm that consists of high levels of acidogenic bacteria which ferment sugar to acid and cause teeth demineralization. Current treatment practice remains insufficient in addressing 1) rapid clearance of therapeutic agents from the oral environment 2) destroying bacteria that contribute to the healthy oral microbiome. In addition, increasing concerns over antibiotic resistance calls for innovative alternatives. In this study, we developed a pH responsive nano-carrier for delivery of polycationic silver nanoparticles. Branched-PEI capped silver nanoparticles (BPEI-AgNPs) were encapsulated in a tannic acid - Fe (III) complex-modified poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) particle (Fe(III)-TA/PLGA@BPEI-AgNPs) to enhance binding to the plaque biofilm and demonstrate "intelligence" by releasing BPEI-AgNPs under acidic conditions that promote dental caries The constructed Fe(III)-TA/PLGA@BPEI-AgNPs (intelligent particles - IPs) exhibited significant binding to an axenic S. mutans biofilm grown on hydroxyapatite. Ag+ ions were released faster from the IPs at pH 4.0 (cariogenic pH) compared to pH 7.4. The antibiofilm results indicated that IPs can significantly reduce S. mutans biofilm volume and viability under acidic conditions. Cytotoxicity on differentiated Caco-2 cells and human gingival fibroblasts indicated that IPs were not cytotoxic. These findings demonstrate great potential of IPs in the treatment of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping He
- Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Richard Bright
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park SA 5042, Australia
| | - Krasimir Vasilev
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park SA 5042, Australia
| | - Peter Zilm
- Adelaide Dental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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2
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Fontes A, Pierson H, Bierła JB, Eberhagen C, Kinschel J, Akdogan B, Rieder T, Sailer J, Reinold Q, Cielecka-Kuszyk J, Szymańska S, Neff F, Steiger K, Seelbach O, Zibert A, Schmidt HH, Hauck SM, von Toerne C, Michalke B, Semrau JD, DiSpirito AM, Ramalho-Santos J, Kroemer G, Polishchuk R, Azul AM, DiSpirito A, Socha P, Lutsenko S, Zischka H. Copper impairs the intestinal barrier integrity in Wilson disease. Metabolism 2024; 158:155973. [PMID: 38986805 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
In Wilson disease (WD), liver copper (Cu) excess, caused by mutations in the ATPase Cu transporting beta (ATP7B), has been extensively studied. In contrast, in the gastrointestinal tract, responsible for dietary Cu uptake, ATP7B malfunction is poorly explored. We therefore investigated gut biopsies from WD patients and compared intestines from two rodent WD models and from human ATP7B knock-out intestinal cells to their respective wild-type controls. We observed gastrointestinal (GI) inflammation in patients, rats and mice lacking ATP7B. Mitochondrial alterations and increased intestinal leakage were observed in WD rats, Atp7b-/- mice and human ATP7B KO Caco-2 cells. Proteome analyses of intestinal WD homogenates revealed profound alterations of energy and lipid metabolism. The intestinal damage in WD animals and human ATP7B KO cells did not correlate with absolute Cu elevations, but likely reflects intracellular Cu mislocalization. Importantly, Cu depletion by the high-affinity Cu chelator methanobactin (MB) restored enterocyte mitochondria, epithelial integrity, and resolved gut inflammation in WD rats and human WD enterocytes, plausibly via autophagy-related mechanisms. Thus, we report here before largely unrecognized intestinal damage in WD, occurring early on and comprising metabolic and structural tissue damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and compromised intestinal barrier integrity and inflammation, that can be resolved by high-affinity Cu chelation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Fontes
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; DCV-Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Hannah Pierson
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joanna B Bierła
- Department of Pathomorphology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Carola Eberhagen
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Kinschel
- Technical University Munich, Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, Munich, Germany
| | - Banu Akdogan
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tamara Rieder
- Technical University Munich, Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, Munich, Germany
| | - Judith Sailer
- Technical University Munich, Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, Munich, Germany
| | - Quirin Reinold
- Technical University Munich, Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, Munich, Germany
| | - Joanna Cielecka-Kuszyk
- Department of Pathomorphology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Szymańska
- Department of Pathomorphology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Katja Steiger
- Comparative Experimental Pathology Department, Institute for General Pathology and Pathological Anatomy, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany
| | - Olga Seelbach
- Comparative Experimental Pathology Department, Institute for General Pathology and Pathological Anatomy, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany
| | - Andree Zibert
- Medizinische Klinik B für Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hartmut H Schmidt
- Medizinische Klinik B für Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Christine von Toerne
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jeremy D Semrau
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2125, USA
| | - Ana M DiSpirito
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
| | - João Ramalho-Santos
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; DCV-Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology of the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France; Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-, HP, Paris, France
| | - Roman Polishchuk
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Anabela Marisa Azul
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; IIIUC-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alan DiSpirito
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
| | - Piotr Socha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Nutritional Disorders and Pediatrics, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Svetlana Lutsenko
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hans Zischka
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University Munich, Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, Munich, Germany.
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Samy EM, Radwan RR, Mosallam FM, Mohamed HA. Ameliorative effect of nano-pregabalin in gastrocnemius muscle of gamma irradiated rats with an experimental model of fibromyalgia: Crosstalk of Sirt3, IL-1β and PARP1 pathways. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 490:117037. [PMID: 39004143 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.117037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complex syndrome with somatic symptoms connected to the operational state of muscles. Although radiotherapy is a cornerstone in cancer treatment, it is implicated in the aggravation of FM. Lately, formulation of medicines in nano-forms become of great prominence due to their prospective applications in medicine. So, this study aimed to assess possible therapeutic benefits of formulating pregabalin in a nono-form (N-PG) for managing FM during exposure to gamma radiation. METHODS Gamma rays administered in fractionated doses (2 Gy/day) to male rats after one hour of s.c. injection of reserpine (1 mL/kg per day) to induce FM, then treated with single daily dose of (30 mg/kg, p.o.) PG or N-PG for ten successive days. Rats were subjected to behavioral tests, then sacrificed to obtain serum and gastrocnemius muscles. RESULTS N-PG significantly antagonized reserpine-induced FM as proved by; the immobility and performance times in forced swim and rotarod performance tests, respectively were restored near to the normal time, serum IL-8 and MCP-1 chemokines were nearby the normal levels, mitigated oxidative stress through increasing total thiol, Sirt3, CAT enzyme and decreasing COX-1, inhibition of inflammation via IL-1β and MIF significant reduction, it possessed anti-apoptotic effect verified by decreasing PARP-1 and increasing Bcl-XL, gastrocnemius muscles had minimal fibrosis levels as seen after Masson trichrome staining. Histopathological results were coincidence with biochemical inspection. CONCLUSION This study identifies N-PG as a novel drug that could be of a value in the management of FM particularly in cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa M Samy
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), P.O. Box 9621, 11787 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Rasha R Radwan
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), P.O. Box 9621, 11787 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Farag M Mosallam
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), P.O. Box 9621, 11787 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba A Mohamed
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), P.O. Box 9621, 11787 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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Erstling JA, Bag N, Gardinier TC, Kohle FFE, DomNwachukwu N, Butler SD, Kao T, Ma K, Turker MZ, Feuer GB, Lee R, Naguib N, Tallman JF, Malarkey HF, Tsaur L, Moore WL, Chapman DV, Aubert T, Mehta S, Cerione RA, Weiss RS, Baird BA, Wiesner UB. Overcoming Barriers Associated with Oral Delivery of Differently Sized Fluorescent Core-Shell Silica Nanoparticles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305937. [PMID: 37689973 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Oral delivery, while a highly desirable form of nanoparticle-drug administration, is limited by challenges associated with overcoming several biological barriers. Here, the authors study how fluorescent and poly(ethylene glycol)-coated (PEGylated) core-shell silica nanoparticles sized 5 to 50 nm interact with major barriers including intestinal mucus, intestinal epithelium, and stomach acid. From imaging fluorescence correlation spectroscopy studies using quasi-total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, diffusion of nanoparticles through highly scattering mucus is progressively hindered above a critical hydrodynamic size around 20 nm. By studying Caco-2 cell monolayers mimicking the intestinal epithelia, it is observed that ultrasmall nanoparticles below 10 nm diameter (Cornell prime dots, [C' dots]) show permeabilities correlated with high absorption in humans from primarily enhanced passive passage through tight junctions. Particles above 20 nm diameter exclusively show active transport through cells. After establishing C' dot stability in artificial gastric juice, in vivo oral gavage experiments in mice demonstrate successful passage through the body followed by renal clearance without protein corona formation. Results suggest C' dots as viable candidates for oral administration to patients with a proven pathway towards clinical translation and may generate renewed interest in examining silica as a food additive and its effects on nutrition and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Erstling
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Nirmalya Bag
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Thomas C Gardinier
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ferdinand F E Kohle
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Naedum DomNwachukwu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Scott D Butler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Teresa Kao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Kai Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Melik Z Turker
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Grant B Feuer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Rachel Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Nada Naguib
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - James F Tallman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Henry F Malarkey
- Department of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Lieihn Tsaur
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - William L Moore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Dana V Chapman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Tangi Aubert
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Saurabh Mehta
- Center for Precision Nutrition and Health, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Richard A Cerione
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Robert S Weiss
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Barbara A Baird
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ulrich B Wiesner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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Wen Y, Yang L, Wang Z, Liu X, Gao M, Zhang Y, Wang J, He P. Blocked conversion of Lactobacillus johnsonii derived acetate to butyrate mediates copper-induced epithelial barrier damage in a pig model. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:218. [PMID: 37777765 PMCID: PMC10542248 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01655-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-copper diets have been widely used to promote growth performance of pigs, but excess copper supplementation can also produce negative effects on ecosystem stability and organism health. High-copper supplementation can damage the intestinal barrier and disturb the gut microbiome community. However, the specific relationship between high-copper-induced intestinal damage and gut microbiota or its metabolites is unclear. OBJECTIVE Using fecal microbiota transplantation and metagenomic sequencing, responses of colonic microbiota to a high-copper diet was profiled. In addition, via comparison of specific bacteria and its metabolites rescue, we investigated a network of bacteria-metabolite interactions involving conversion of specific metabolites as a key mechanism linked to copper-induced damage of the colon. RESULTS High copper induced colonic damage, Lactobacillus extinction, and reduction of SCFA (acetate and butyrate) concentrations in pigs. LefSe analysis and q-PCR results confirmed the extinction of L. johnsonii. In addition, transplanting copper-rich fecal microbiota to ABX mice reproduced the gut characteristics of the pig donors. Then, L. johnsonii rescue could restore decreased SCFAs (mainly acetate and butyrate) and colonic barrier damage including thinner mucus layer, reduced colon length, and tight junction protein dysfunction. Given that acetate and butyrate concentrations exhibited a positive correlation with L. johnsonii abundance, we investigated how L. johnsonii exerted its effects by supplementing acetate and butyrate. L. johnsonii and butyrate administration but not acetate could correct the damaged colonic barrier. Acetate administration had no effects on butyrate concentration, indicating blocked conversion from acetate to butyrate. Furthermore, L. johnsonii rescue enriched a series of genera with butyrate-producing ability, mainly Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, we reveal the microbiota-mediated mechanism of high-copper-induced colonic damage in piglets. A high-copper diet can induce extinction of L. johnsonii which leads to colonic barrier damage and loss of SCFA production. Re-establishment of L. johnsonii normalizes the SCFA-producing pathway and restores colonic barrier function. Mechanistically, Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group mediated conversion of acetate produced by L. johnsonii to butyrate is indispensable in the protection of colonic barrier function. Collectively, these findings provide a feasible mitigation strategy for gut damage caused by high-copper diets. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Luqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Meng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Pingli He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Wang J, Xue X, Miao X. Antioxidant Effects of Quercetin Nanocrystals in Nanosuspension against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress in a Zebrafish Model. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1209. [PMID: 37765017 PMCID: PMC10536595 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin, a flavonoid compound rich in hydroxyl groups, possesses antioxidant properties, whereas its poor water solubility limits its bioavailability. In pursuit of addressing the water solubility of quercetin and comprehending the impact of nanocrystal particle size on antioxidant efficacy, we prepared three different-sized quercetin nanocrystals, namely small (50 nm), medium (140 nm), and large (360 nm), using a nanosuspension method in this study. Within the in vitro setting, assessments employing solubility and radical scavenging assays revealed that quercetin nanocrystals displayed superior solubility (26, 21, and 13 fold corresponding to small, medium, and large particle sizes) and antioxidant performance compared to the coarse quercetin. Furthermore, quercetin nanocrystals of three particle sizes all demonstrated significant protection effects on the survival rate of H2O2-treated zebrafish at 72 h (77.78%, 73.33%, and 66.67% for small, medium, and large particle sizes, respectively), while the coarse quercetin group exhibited a low survival rate (53.3%) similar to the H2O2-treated group (47.8%). Moreover, all quercetin nanocrystals exhibited potent antioxidant capacity on both the antioxidants and enzymatic antioxidant system in H2O2-treated zebrafish to restore zebrafish to a normal state under oxidative stress. For instance, the levels of reactive oxygen species were reduced to 101.10%, 108.83%, and 109.77% of the normal levels for small, medium, and large particle-sized quercetin nanocrystals, respectively. In conclusion, quercetin nanocrystals demonstrated enhanced solubility, robust antioxidant capacity, and protective effects in zebrafish compared to coarse quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (J.W.); (X.X.)
- SDU-ANU Joint Science College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Xinyue Xue
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (J.W.); (X.X.)
| | - Xiaoqing Miao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (J.W.); (X.X.)
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Cary C, Stapleton P. Determinants and mechanisms of inorganic nanoparticle translocation across mammalian biological barriers. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:2111-2131. [PMID: 37303009 PMCID: PMC10540313 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03528-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biological barriers protect delicate internal tissues from exposures to and interactions with hazardous materials. Primary anatomical barriers prevent external agents from reaching systemic circulation and include the pulmonary, gastrointestinal, and dermal barriers. Secondary barriers include the blood-brain, blood-testis, and placental barriers. The tissues protected by secondary barriers are particularly sensitive to agents in systemic circulation. Neurons of the brain cannot regenerate and therefore must have limited interaction with cytotoxic agents. In the testis, the delicate process of spermatogenesis requires a specific milieu distinct from the blood. The placenta protects the developing fetus from compounds in the maternal circulation that would impair limb or organ development. Many biological barriers are semi-permeable, allowing only materials or chemicals, with a specific set of properties, that easily pass through or between cells. Nanoparticles (particles less than 100 nm) have recently drawn specific concern due to the possibility of biological barrier translocation and contact with distal tissues. Current evidence suggests that nanoparticles translocate across both primary and secondary barriers. It is known that the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles can affect biological interactions, and it has been shown that nanoparticles can breach primary and some secondary barriers. However, the mechanism by which nanoparticles cross biological barriers has yet to be determined. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to summarize how different nanoparticle physicochemical properties interact with biological barriers and barrier products to govern translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Cary
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Phoebe Stapleton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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8
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Amma C, Inomata Y, Kohno R, Satake M, Furukawa A, Nagata Y, Sugiyama H, Seto T, Suzuki R. Copper in airborne fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) from urban sites causes the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8 in human lung epithelial A549 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:5879-5891. [PMID: 37179508 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01599-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Fine atmospheric particles, such as PM2.5, are strongly related to the onset and exacerbation of inflammatory responses leading to the development of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. PM2.5 is a complex mixture of tiny particles with different properties (i.e., size, morphology, and chemical components). Moreover, the mechanism by which PM2.5 induces inflammatory responses has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the composition of PM2.5 to identify the main factors causing PM2.5-associated inflammation and diseases. In the present study, we investigated PM2.5 from two sites (Fukue, a remote monitoring site, and Kawasaki, an urban monitoring site) with greatly different environments and PM2.5 compositions. The results of ICP-MS and EDX-SEM indicated that PM2.5 from Kawasaki contained more metals and significantly induced the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine gene IL-8 compared to the PM2.5 from Fukue. We also verified the increased secretion of IL-8 protein from exposure to PM2.5 from Kawasaki. We further investigated their effects on inflammatory response and cytotoxicity using metal nanoparticles (Cu, Zn, and Ni) and ions and found that the Cu nanoparticles caused a dose-dependent increase in IL-8 expression together with significant cell death. We also found that Cu nanoparticles enhanced the secretion of IL-8 protein. These results suggest that Cu in PM2.5 is involved in lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Amma
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yayoi Inomata
- Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Risa Kohno
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Minami Satake
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Atsushi Furukawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yuka Nagata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hironori Sugiyama
- Instrumental Analysis Division, Engineering and Technology Department, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takafumi Seto
- Faculty of Frontier Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-Machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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9
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Susnik E, Balog S, Taladriz-Blanco P, Petri-Fink A, Rothen-Rutishauser B. The Functions of Cholera Toxin Subunit B as a Modulator of Silica Nanoparticle Endocytosis. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:482. [PMID: 37624239 PMCID: PMC10467089 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15080482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is the main target of orally ingested nanoparticles (NPs) and at the same time is exposed to noxious substances, such as bacterial components. We investigated the interaction of 59 nm silica (SiO2) NPs with differentiated Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells in the presence of cholera toxin subunit B (CTxB) and compared the effects to J774A.1 macrophages. CTxB can affect cellular functions and modulate endocytosis via binding to the monosialoganglioside (GM1) receptor, expressed on both cell lines. After stimulating macrophages with CTxB, we observed notable changes in the membrane structure but not in Caco-2 cells, and no secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was detected. Cells were then exposed to 59 nm SiO2 NPs and CtxB sequentially and simultaneously, resulting in a high NP uptake in J774A.1 cells, but no uptake in Caco-2 cells was detected. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the exposure of J774A.1 cells to CTxB resulted in a significant reduction in the uptake of SiO2 NPs. In contrast, the uptake of NPs by highly selective Caco-2 cells remained unaffected following CTxB exposure. Based on colocalization studies, CTxB and NPs might enter cells via shared endocytic pathways, followed by their sorting into different intracellular compartments. Our findings provide new insights into CTxB's function of modulating SiO2 NP uptake in phagocytic but not in differentiated intestine cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Susnik
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (E.S.); (S.B.); (A.P.-F.)
| | - Sandor Balog
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (E.S.); (S.B.); (A.P.-F.)
| | | | - Alke Petri-Fink
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (E.S.); (S.B.); (A.P.-F.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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10
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Sajjad H, Sajjad A, Haya RT, Khan MM, Zia M. Copper oxide nanoparticles: In vitro and in vivo toxicity, mechanisms of action and factors influencing their toxicology. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 271:109682. [PMID: 37328134 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) have received increasing interest due to their distinctive properties, including small particle size, high surface area, and reactivity. Due to these properties, their applications have been expanded rapidly in various areas such as biomedical properties, industrial catalysts, gas sensors, electronic materials, and environmental remediation. However, because of these widespread uses, there is now an increased risk of human exposure, which could lead to short- and long-term toxicity. This review addresses the underlying toxicity mechanisms of CuO NPs in cells which include reactive oxygen species generation, leaching of Cu ion, coordination effects, non-homeostasis effect, autophagy, and inflammation. In addition, different key factors responsible for toxicity, characterization, surface modification, dissolution, NPs dose, exposure pathways and environment are discussed to understand the toxicological impact of CuO NPs. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that CuO NPs cause oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and inflammation in bacterial, algal, fish, rodents, and human cell lines. Therefore, to make CuO NPs a more suitable candidate for various applications, it is essential to address their potential toxic effects, and hence, more studies should be done on the long-term and chronic impacts of CuO NPs at different concentrations to assure the safe usage of CuO NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humna Sajjad
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Anila Sajjad
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Rida Tul Haya
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Zia
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
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11
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Yang C, Merlin D. Challenges to Safe Nanomedicine Treatment. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1171. [PMID: 37049268 PMCID: PMC10096857 DOI: 10.3390/nano13071171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize the field of drug treatment by enabling the targeted delivery and controlled release of drugs at a cellular level [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Yang
- Digestive Disease Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA;
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Didier Merlin
- Digestive Disease Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA;
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
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12
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Di Cristo L, Ude VC, Tsiliki G, Tatulli G, Romaldini A, Murphy F, Wohlleben W, Oomen AG, Pompa PP, Arts J, Stone V, Sabella S. Grouping of orally ingested silica nanomaterials via use of an integrated approach to testing and assessment to streamline risk assessment. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:68. [PMID: 36461106 PMCID: PMC9719179 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00508-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanomaterials can exist in different nanoforms (NFs). Their grouping may be supported by the formulation of hypotheses which can be interrogated via integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATA). IATAs are decision trees that guide the user through tiered testing strategies (TTS) to collect the required evidence needed to accept or reject a grouping hypothesis. In the present paper, we investigated the applicability of IATAs for ingested NFs using a case study that includes different silicon dioxide, SiO2 NFs. Two oral grouping hypotheses addressing local and systemic toxicity were identified relevant for the grouping of these NFs and verified through the application of oral IATAs. Following different Tier 1 and/or Tier 2 in vitro methods of the TTS (i.e., in vitro dissolution, barrier integrity and inflammation assays), we generated the NF datasets. Furthermore, similarity algorithms (e.g., Bayesian method and Cluster analysis) were utilized to identify similarities among the NFs and establish a provisional group(s). The grouping based on Tier 1 and/or Tier 2 testing was analyzed in relation to available Tier 3 in vivo data in order to verify if the read-across was possible and therefore support a grouping decision. RESULTS The measurement of the dissolution rate of the silica NFs in the oro-gastrointestinal tract and in the lysosome identified them as gradually dissolving and biopersistent NFs. For the local toxicity to intestinal epithelium (e.g. cytotoxicity, membrane integrity and inflammation), the biological results of the gastrointestinal tract models indicate that all of the silica NFs were similar with respect to the lack of local toxicity and, therefore, belong to the same group; in vivo data (although limited) confirmed the lack of local toxicity of NFs. For systemic toxicity, Tier 1 data did not identify similarity across the NFs, with results across different decision nodes being inconsistent in providing homogeneous group(s). Moreover, the available Tier 3 in vivo data were also insufficient to support decisions based upon the obtained in vitro results and relating to the toxicity of the tested NFs. CONCLUSIONS The information generated by the tested oral IATAs can be effectively used for similarity assessment to support a grouping decision upon the application of a hypothesis related to toxicity in the gastrointestinal tract. The IATAs facilitated a structured data analysis and, by means of the expert's interpretation, supported read-across with the available in vivo data. The IATAs also supported the users in decision making, for example, reducing the testing when the grouping was well supported by the evidence and/or moving forward to advanced testing (e.g., the use of more suitable cellular models or chronic exposure) to improve the confidence level of the data and obtain more focused information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisana Di Cristo
- grid.25786.3e0000 0004 1764 2907D3 PharmaChemistry, Nanoregulatory Group, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego, 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Victor C. Ude
- grid.9531.e0000000106567444Nano Safety Research Group, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS UK
| | - Georgia Tsiliki
- grid.19843.370000 0004 0393 5688Institute for the Management of Information Systems, Athena Research Center, Marousi, Greece
| | - Giuseppina Tatulli
- grid.25786.3e0000 0004 1764 2907Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego, 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessio Romaldini
- grid.25786.3e0000 0004 1764 2907D3 PharmaChemistry, Nanoregulatory Group, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego, 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Fiona Murphy
- grid.9531.e0000000106567444Nano Safety Research Group, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS UK
| | - Wendel Wohlleben
- grid.3319.80000 0001 1551 0781Department Material Physics and Department of Experimental Toxicology & Ecology, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Agnes G. Oomen
- grid.31147.300000 0001 2208 0118National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands ,grid.7177.60000000084992262Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pier P. Pompa
- grid.25786.3e0000 0004 1764 2907Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego, 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Vicki Stone
- grid.9531.e0000000106567444Nano Safety Research Group, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS UK
| | - Stefania Sabella
- grid.25786.3e0000 0004 1764 2907D3 PharmaChemistry, Nanoregulatory Group, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego, 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
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13
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Chen Q, Riviere JE, Lin Z. Toxicokinetics, dose-response, and risk assessment of nanomaterials: Methodology, challenges, and future perspectives. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 14:e1808. [PMID: 36416026 PMCID: PMC9699155 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The rapid growth of nanomaterial applications has raised safety concerns for human health. A number of studies have been conducted to assess the toxicokinetics, toxicology, dose-response, and risk assessment of different nanomaterials using in vitro and in vivo animal and human models. However, current studies cannot meet the demand for efficient assessment of toxicokinetics, dose-response relationships, or the toxicological risk arising from the rapidly increasing number of newly synthesized nanomaterials. In this article, we review the methods for conducting toxicokinetics, hazard identification, dose-response, exposure, and risk assessment studies of nanomaterials, identify the knowledge gaps, and discuss the challenges remaining. We provide the rationale behind the appropriate design of nanomaterial plasma toxicokinetic and tissue distribution studies, including caveats on the interpretation and correlation of in vitro and in vivo toxicology studies. The potential of using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models to extrapolate toxicokinetic and toxicity findings from in vitro to in vivo and from animals to humans is discussed, and the knowledge gaps of PBPK modeling for nanomaterials are identified. While challenges still exist, there has been progress in the toxicokinetics, hazard identification, and risk assessment of nanomaterials in the past two decades. Recent advancements in the field are highlighted with relevant examples. We also share latest guidelines as well as our perspectives on future studies needed to characterize the toxicokinetics, toxicity, and dose-response relationship in support of nanomaterial risk assessment. This article is categorized under: Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Regulatory and Policy Issues in Nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiran Chen
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jim E. Riviere
- 1Data Consortium, Kansas State University, Olathe, Kansas, USA
- Center for Chemical Toxicology Research and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zhoumeng Lin
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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14
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Wu J, Zhu Z, Liu W, Zhang Y, Kang Y, Liu J, Hu C, Wang R, Zhang M, Chen L, Shao L. How Nanoparticles Open the Paracellular Route of Biological Barriers: Mechanisms, Applications, and Prospects. ACS NANO 2022; 16:15627-15652. [PMID: 36121682 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biological barriers are essential physiological protective systems and obstacles to drug delivery. Nanoparticles (NPs) can access the paracellular route of biological barriers, either causing adverse health impacts on humans or producing therapeutic opportunities. This Review introduces the structural and functional influences of NPs on the key components that govern the paracellular route, mainly tight junctions, adherens junctions, and cytoskeletons. Furthermore, we evaluate their interaction mechanisms and address the influencing factors that determine the ability of NPs to open the paracellular route, which provides a better knowledge of how NPs can open the paracellular route in a safer and more controllable way. Finally, we summarize limitations in the research models and methodologies of the existing research in the field and provide future research direction. This Review demonstrates the in-depth causes for the reversible opening or destruction of the integrity of barriers generated by NPs; more importantly, it contributes insights into the design of NP-based medications to boost paracellular drug delivery efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrong Wu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhenjun Zhu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yiyuan Kang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Chen Hu
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ruolan Wang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Manjin Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou 510515, China
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15
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Chen X, Abdallah MF, Grootaert C, Rajkovic A. Bioenergetic Status of the Intestinal and Hepatic Cells after Short Term Exposure to Fumonisin B1 and Aflatoxin B1. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136945. [PMID: 35805950 PMCID: PMC9267062 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fumonisin B1 (FB1) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) are frequent contaminants of staple foods such as maize. Oral exposure to these toxins poses health hazards by disrupting cellular signaling. However, little is known regarding the multifaced mitochondrial dysfunction-linked toxicity of FB1 and AFB1. Here, we show that after exposure to FB1 and AFB1, mitochondrial respiration significantly decreased by measuring the oxygen consumption rate (OCR), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The current work shows that the integrity of mitochondria (MMP and ROS), that is the central component of cell apoptosis, is disrupted by FB1 and AFB1 in undifferentiated Caco-2 and HepG2 cells as in vitro models for human intestine and liver, respectively. It hypothesizes that FB1 and AFB1 could disrupt the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) to induce mitochondrial dysfunction and break the balance of transferring H+ between the mitochondrial inner membrane and mitochondrial matrix, however, the proton leak is not increasing and, as a result, ATP synthesis is blocked. At the sub-toxic exposure of 1.0 µg/mL for 24 h, i.e., a viability of 95% in Caco-2 and HepG2 cells, the mitochondrial respiration was, however, stimulated. This suggests that the treated cells could reserve energy for mitochondrial respiration with the exposure of FB1 and AFB1, which could be a survival advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Chen
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (X.C.); (M.F.A.); (C.G.)
| | - Mohamed F. Abdallah
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (X.C.); (M.F.A.); (C.G.)
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Charlotte Grootaert
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (X.C.); (M.F.A.); (C.G.)
| | - Andreja Rajkovic
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (X.C.); (M.F.A.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-09-264-99-04
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16
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Mortensen NP, Moreno Caffaro M, Davis K, Aravamudhan S, Sumner SJ, Fennell TR. Investigation of eight cellulose nanomaterials' impact on Differentiated Caco-2 monolayer integrity and cytotoxicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 166:113204. [PMID: 35679974 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The potential applications of cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs) as food additives or in food packaging, present a possible source of human ingestion. While micron- and macro-scale cellulose products are classified as Generally Regarded As Safe, the safety of ingested nano-scale cellulose is largely unknown. Using fully differentiated Caco-2 cells, the perturbation of intestinal barrier function and cytotoxicity was investigated for four nanocellulose crystals (CNCs) and four nanocellulose fibrils (CNFs) following 24 h of exposure at 50 μg/mL. Scanning electron microscope showed some aggregation of both CNCs and CNFs. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses showed that carbon and oxygen were the main elements. The zeta-potential for CNMs formulated in cell culture medium showed a negative surface charge. Two CNMs increased cell membrane permeability and three CNMs decreased the cell metabolic activity. While three CNMs lead to cytotoxic responses, no changes in apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) for dextran or tight junction integrity were found. Our results show that three CNMs induce cytotoxicity in differentiated Caco-2 cells, demonstrating the need to understand the role of size and shape. The interaction between CNMs and the intestinal epithelium needs to be evaluated to understand potential intestinal barrier dysfunction and resulting health implications following CNM ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninell P Mortensen
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Maria Moreno Caffaro
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Klinton Davis
- Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, 2907 East Gate City Blvd, Greensboro, NC, 27401, USA
| | - Shyam Aravamudhan
- Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, 2907 East Gate City Blvd, Greensboro, NC, 27401, USA
| | - Susan J Sumner
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Timothy R Fennell
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
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17
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Condorelli M, Speciale A, Cimino F, Muscarà C, Fazio E, D’Urso L, Corsaro C, Neri G, Mezzasalma AM, Compagnini G, Neri F, Saija A. Nano-Hybrid Au@LCCs Systems Displaying Anti-Inflammatory Activity. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:3701. [PMID: 35629727 PMCID: PMC9143445 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) have received great attention owing to their biocompatible nature, environmental, and widespread biomedical applications. Au NPs are known as capable to regulate inflammatory responses in several tissues and organs; interestingly, lower toxicity in conjunction with anti-inflammatory effects was reported to occur with Au NPs treatment. Several variables drive this benefit-risk balance, including Au NPs physicochemical properties such as their morphology, surface chemistry, and charge. In our research we prepared hybrid Au@LCC nanocolloids by the Pulsed Laser Ablation, which emerged as a suitable chemically clean technique to produce ligand-free or functionalized nanomaterials, with tight control on their properties (product purity, crystal structure selectivity, particle size distribution). Here, for the first time to our knowledge, we have investigated the bioproperties of Au@LCCs. When tested in vitro on intestinal epithelial cells exposed to TNF-α, Au@LCCs sample at the ratio of 2.6:1 showed a significantly reduced TNF gene expression and induced antioxidant heme oxygenase-1 gene expression better than the 1:1 dispersion. Although deeper investigations are needed, these findings indicate that the functionalization with LCCs allows a better interaction of Au NPs with targets involved in the cell redox status and inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Condorelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.C.); (L.D.); (G.C.)
| | - Antonio Speciale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.S.); (F.C.); (C.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Francesco Cimino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.S.); (F.C.); (C.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Claudia Muscarà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.S.); (F.C.); (C.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Enza Fazio
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (E.F.); (C.C.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Luisa D’Urso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.C.); (L.D.); (G.C.)
| | - Carmelo Corsaro
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (E.F.); (C.C.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Giulia Neri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.S.); (F.C.); (C.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Angela Maria Mezzasalma
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (E.F.); (C.C.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Compagnini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (M.C.); (L.D.); (G.C.)
| | - Fortunato Neri
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physical Sciences and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (E.F.); (C.C.); (A.M.M.)
| | - Antonina Saija
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.S.); (F.C.); (C.M.); (G.N.)
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18
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Gupta G, Cappellini F, Farcal L, Gornati R, Bernardini G, Fadeel B. Copper oxide nanoparticles trigger macrophage cell death with misfolding of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:33. [PMID: 35538581 PMCID: PMC9088059 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00467-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles (NPs) are known to trigger cytotoxicity in a variety of cell models, but the mechanism of cell death remains unknown. Here we addressed the mechanism of cytotoxicity in macrophages exposed to CuO NPs versus copper chloride (CuCl2). Methods The mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 was used as an in vitro model. Particle uptake and the cellular dose of Cu were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), respectively. The deposition of Cu in lysosomes isolated from macrophages was also determined by ICP-MS. Cell viability (metabolic activity) was assessed using the Alamar Blue assay, and oxidative stress was monitored by a variety of methods including a luminescence-based assay for cellular glutathione (GSH), and flow cytometry-based detection of mitochondrial superoxide and mitochondrial membrane potential. Protein aggregation was determined by confocal microscopy using an aggresome-specific dye and protein misfolding was determined by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Lastly, proteasome activity was investigated using a fluorometric assay. Results We observed rapid cellular uptake of CuO NPs in macrophages with deposition in lysosomes. CuO NP-elicited cell death was characterized by mitochondrial swelling with signs of oxidative stress including the production of mitochondrial superoxide and cellular depletion of GSH. We also observed a dose-dependent accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins and loss of proteasomal function in CuO NP-exposed cells, and we could demonstrate misfolding and mitochondrial translocation of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), a Cu/Zn-dependent enzyme that plays a pivotal role in the defense against oxidative stress. The chelation of copper ions using tetrathiomolybdate (TTM) prevented cell death whereas inhibition of the cellular SOD1 chaperone aggravated toxicity. Moreover, CuO NP-triggered cell death was insensitive to the pan-caspase inhibitor, zVAD-fmk, and to wortmannin, an inhibitor of autophagy, implying that this was a non-apoptotic cell death. ZnO NPs, on the other hand, triggered autophagic cell death. Conclusions CuO NPs undergo dissolution in lysosomes leading to copper-dependent macrophage cell death characterized by protein misfolding and proteasomal insufficiency. Specifically, we present novel evidence for Cu-induced SOD1 misfolding which accords with the pronounced oxidative stress observed in CuO NP-exposed macrophages. These results are relevant for our understanding of the consequences of inadvertent human exposure to CuO NPs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-022-00467-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govind Gupta
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesca Cappellini
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Lucian Farcal
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rosalba Gornati
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bernardini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, Stockholm, Sweden.
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19
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Artificial Digestion of Polydisperse Copper Oxide Nanoparticles: Investigation of Effects on the Human In Vitro Intestinal Co-Culture Model Caco-2/HT29-MTX. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10030130. [PMID: 35324755 PMCID: PMC8955801 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10030130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NP) are increasingly used in consumer-related products, which may result in increased oral ingestion. Digestion of particles can change their physicochemical properties and toxicity. Therefore, our aim was to simulate the gastrointestinal tract using a static in vitro digestion model. Toxic properties of digested and undigested CuO-NP were compared using an epithelial mono-culture (Caco-2) and a mucus-secreting co-culture model (Caco-2/HT29-MTX). Effects on intestinal barrier integrity, permeability, cell viability and apoptosis were analyzed. CuO-NP concentrations of 1, 10 and 100 µg mL−1 were used. Particle characterization by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy showed similar mean particle sizes before and after digestion, resulting in comparable delivered particle doses in vitro. Only slight effects on barrier integrity and cell viability were detected for 100 µg mL−1 CuO-NP, while the ion control CuCl2 always caused significantly higher adverse effects. The utilized cell models were not significantly different. In summary, undigested and digested CuO-NP show comparable effects on the mono-/co-cultures, which are weaker than those of copper ions. Only in the highest concentration, CuO-NP showed weak effects on barrier integrity and cell viability. Nevertheless, a slightly increased apoptosis rate indicates existing cellular stress, which gives reason for further investigations.
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20
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Kulthong K, Hooiveld GJEJ, Duivenvoorde LPM, Miro Estruch I, Bouwmeester H, van der Zande M. Comparative study of the transcriptomes of Caco-2 cells cultured under dynamic vs. static conditions following exposure to titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanomaterials. Nanotoxicology 2022; 15:1233-1252. [PMID: 35077654 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2021.2012609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Due to the widespread application of food-relevant inorganic nanomaterials, the gastrointestinal tract is potentially exposed to these materials. Gut-on-chip in vitro systems are proposed for the investigation of compound toxicity as they better recapitulate the in vivo human intestinal environment than static models, due to the added shear stresses associated with the flow of the medium. We aimed to compare cellular responses of intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells at the gene expression level upon TiO2 (E171) and ZnO (NM110) nanomaterial exposure when cultured under dynamic and conventionally applied static conditions. Whole-genome transcriptome analyses upon exposure of the cells to TiO2 and ZnO nanomaterials revealed differentially expressed genes and related biological processes that were culture condition specific. The total number of differentially expressed genes (p < 0.01) and affected pathways (p < 0.05 and FDR < 0.25) after nanomaterial exposure was higher under dynamic culture conditions than under static conditions for both nanomaterials. The observed increase in nanomaterial-induced responses in the gut-on-chip model indicates that shear stress might be a major factor in cell susceptibility. This is the first report on the application of a gut-on-chip system in which gene expression responses upon TiO2 and ZnO nanomaterial exposure are evaluated and compared to a static system. It extends current knowledge on nanomaterial toxicity assessment and the influence of a dynamic environment on cellular responses. Application of the gut-on-chip system resulted in higher sensitivity of the cells and might thus be an attractive system for use in the toxicological hazard characterization of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornphimol Kulthong
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Wageningen Food Safety Research, Part of Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.,National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Guido J E J Hooiveld
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Loes P M Duivenvoorde
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Part of Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Hans Bouwmeester
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Meike van der Zande
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Part of Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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21
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Huang CH, Hsieh CY, Wang CW, Tu HP, Chen SC, Hung CH, Kuo CH. Associations and Interactions between Heavy Metals with White Blood Cell and Eosinophil Count. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:331-337. [PMID: 35165518 PMCID: PMC8795800 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.68945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of heavy metals in the body has been associated with an elevated immune response. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations among heavy metals and white blood cell (WBC) and eosinophil count in the general population in southern Taiwan. We also explored the interactions and synergetic effects of heavy metals on WBC and eosinophil count. We conducted a health survey in the general population living in southern Taiwan between June 2016 and September 2018. Seven heavy metals were measured: blood lead (Pb), and urine cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel, arsenic (As), chromium and manganese (Mn). A total of 2,447 participants were enrolled. In multivariable analysis, high concentrations of Pb (log per 1 mg/L; coefficient β, 0.332; p = 0.005) and Cu (log per 1 μg/dL; coefficient β, 0.476; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with a high WBC count. In addition, high concentrations of Pb (log per 1 mg/L; coefficient β, 0.732; p < 0.001), As (log per 1 μg/L; coefficient β, 0.133; p = 0.015), Cu (log per 1 μg/dL; coefficient β, 0.181; p = 0.018), and Cd (log per 1 μg/L; coefficient β, 0.139; p = 0.002) were significantly associated with a high eosinophil count. Further, the effect of interactions between Pb and As (coefficient β, 0.721; p = 0.029) and Mn and Cu (coefficient β, 0.482; p = 0.018) on WBC count, and As and Cu (unstandardized coefficient β, 0.558; p = 0.002) on eosinophil count were statistically significant. In conclusion, the heavy metals Pb, As, Cu, and Cd were associated with WBC and eosinophil count. In addition, synergistic effects of heavy metal poisoning on the association with WBC and eosinophil count were also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Hsin Huang
- Department of post baccalaureate medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Yu Hsieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Hepatobiliary, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Pin Tu
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chia Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsing Hung
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hung Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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22
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Zhang Z, Jiang W, Xie X, Liang H, Chen H, Chen K, Zhang Y, Xu W, Chen M. Recent Developments of Nanomaterials in Hydrogels: Characteristics, Influences, and Applications. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zongzheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University Yantai 264025 China
| | - Wenqing Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University Yantai 264025 China
| | - Xinmin Xie
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University Yantai 264025 China
| | - Haiqing Liang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University Yantai 264025 China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University Yantai 264025 China
| | - Kun Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University Yantai 264025 China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University Yantai 264025 China
| | - Wenlong Xu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University Yantai 264025 China
| | - Mengjun Chen
- School of Qilu Transportation Shandong University Jinan 250002 China
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23
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Bredeck G, Kämpfer AAM, Sofranko A, Wahle T, Büttner V, Albrecht C, Schins RPF. Ingested Engineered Nanomaterials Affect the Expression of Mucin Genes-An In Vitro-In Vivo Comparison. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102621. [PMID: 34685068 PMCID: PMC8537393 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The increasing use of engineered nanomaterials (ENM) in food has fueled the development of intestinal in vitro models for toxicity testing. However, ENM effects on intestinal mucus have barely been addressed, although its crucial role for intestinal health is evident. We investigated the effects of ENM on mucin expression and aimed to evaluate the suitability of four in vitro models of increasing complexity compared to a mouse model exposed through feed pellets. We assessed the gene expression of the mucins MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC13 and MUC20 and the chemokine interleukin-8 in pre-confluent and confluent HT29-MTX-E12 cells, in stable and inflamed triple cultures of Caco-2, HT29-MTX-E12 and THP-1 cells, and in the ileum of mice following exposure to TiO2, Ag, CeO2 or SiO2. All ENM had shared and specific effects. CeO2 downregulated MUC1 in confluent E12 cells and in mice. Ag induced downregulation of Muc2 in mice. Overall, the in vivo data were consistent with the findings in the stable triple cultures and the confluent HT29-MTX-E12 cells but not in pre-confluent cells, indicating the higher relevance of advanced models for hazard assessment. The effects on MUC1 and MUC2 suggest that specific ENM may lead to an elevated susceptibility towards intestinal infections and inflammations.
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24
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Khanna K, Kohli SK, Handa N, Kaur H, Ohri P, Bhardwaj R, Yousaf B, Rinklebe J, Ahmad P. Enthralling the impact of engineered nanoparticles on soil microbiome: A concentric approach towards environmental risks and cogitation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 222:112459. [PMID: 34217114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is an avant-garde field of scientific research that revolutionizes technological advancements in the present world. It is a cutting-edge scientific approach that has undoubtedly a plethora of functions in controlling environmental pollutants for the welfare of the ecosystem. However, their unprecedented utilization and hysterical release led to a huge threat to the soil microbiome. Nanoparticles(NPs) hamper physicochemical properties of soil along with microbial metabolic activities within rhizospheric soils.Here in this review shed light on concentric aspects of NP-biosynthesis, types, toxicity mechanisms, accumulation within the ecosystem. However, the accrual of tiny NPs into the soil system has dramatically influenced rhizospheric activities in terms of soil properties and biogeochemical cycles. We have focussed on mechanistic pathways engrossed by microbes to deal with NPs.Also, we have elaborated the fate and behavior of NPs within soils. Besides, a piece of very scarce information on NPs-toxicity towards environment and rhizosphere communities is available. Therefore, the present review highlights ecological perspectives of nanotechnology and solutions to such implications. We have comprehend certain strategies such as avant-garde engineering methods, sustainable procedures for NP synthesis along with vatious regulatory actions to manage NP within environment. Moreover, we have devised risk management sustainable and novel strategies to utilize it in a rationalized and integrated manner. With this background, we can develop a comprehensive plan about NPs with novel insights to understand the resistance and toxicity mechanisms of NPs towards microbes. Henceforth, the orientation towards these issues would enhance the understanding of researchers for proper recommendation and promotion of nanotechnology in an optimized and sustainable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Khanna
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India.
| | - Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Neha Handa
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Harsimran Kaur
- Plant Protection Division, PG Department of Agriculture, Khalsa College, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Puja Ohri
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India.
| | - Balal Yousaf
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water and Waste Management, Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Guangjin-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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25
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Toxicity of Nanoparticles in Biomedical Application: Nanotoxicology. J Toxicol 2021; 2021:9954443. [PMID: 34422042 PMCID: PMC8376461 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9954443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles are of great importance in development and research because of their application in industries and biomedicine. The development of nanoparticles requires proper knowledge of their fabrication, interaction, release, distribution, target, compatibility, and functions. This review presents a comprehensive update on nanoparticles' toxic effects, the factors underlying their toxicity, and the mechanisms by which toxicity is induced. Recent studies have found that nanoparticles may cause serious health effects when exposed to the body through ingestion, inhalation, and skin contact without caution. The extent to which toxicity is induced depends on some properties, including the nature and size of the nanoparticle, the surface area, shape, aspect ratio, surface coating, crystallinity, dissolution, and agglomeration. In all, the general mechanisms by which it causes toxicity lie on its capability to initiate the formation of reactive species, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and neurotoxicity, among others.
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26
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Song P, Xiao S, Zhang Y, Xie J, Cui X. Mechanism of the Intestinal Absorption of Six Flavonoids from Zizyphi Spinosi Semen Across Caco-2 Cell Monolayer Model. Curr Drug Metab 2021; 21:633-645. [PMID: 32664838 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666200714100455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavonoid compounds are one kind of active ingredients isolated from a traditional Chinese herb Zizyphi spinosae semen (ZSS). Studies have shown that ZSS flavonoids have significant antioxidant effects. METHODS In this study, the Caco-2 cell monolayer model was constructed to investigate the intestinal absorption characteristics and mechanism of Isovitexin (IV), Swertisin (ST), Isovitexin-2''-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (IVG), Spinosin (S), 6'''-p-coumaroylspinosin (6-CS) and 6'''-feruloylspinosin (6-FS). RESULTS The results of the bidirectional transport assay showed that the six flavonoids have good intestinal absorption in a near-neutral and 37°C environment, and the absorbability in descending order was 6-FS>6- CS>IVG>S>IV>ST. The results of carrier inhibition experiments and transport kinetics indicated that the absorption mechanism of six flavonoids was energy-dependent monocarboxylate transporter (MCT)-mediated active transport. In particular, the para-cellular pathway also participated in the transport of IV, ST, IVG and S. Furthermore, the efflux process of six flavonoids was mediated by P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance protein (MRP), which may result in a decrease of bioavailability. CONCLUSION Our findings provide significant information for revealing the relationship between the intestinal absorption mechanism of flavonoids and its structure as well as laying a basis for the research of flavonoid preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Song
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Sa Xiao
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Yanqing Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Junbo Xie
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xusheng Cui
- Shijiazhuang Yiling pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Hebei, 050035, China
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27
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Cao X, Pan X, Couvillion SP, Zhang T, Tamez C, Bramer LM, White JC, Qian WJ, Thrall BD, Ng KW, Hu X, Demokritou P. Fate, cytotoxicity and cellular metabolomic impact of ingested nanoscale carbon dots using simulated digestion and a triculture small intestinal epithelial model. NANOIMPACT 2021; 23:100349. [PMID: 34514184 PMCID: PMC8428805 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2021.100349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are a promising material currently being explored in many industrial applications in the biomedical and agri-food areas; however, studies supporting the environmental health risk assessment of CDs are needed. This study focuses on various CD forms including iron (FeCD) and copper (CuCD) doped CDs synthesized using hydrothermal method, their fate in gastrointestinal tract, and their cytotoxicity and potential changes to cellular metabolome in a triculture small intestinal epithelial model. Physicochemical characterization revealed that 75% of Fe in FeCD and 95% of Cu in CuCD were dissolved during digestion. No significant toxic effects were observed for pristine CDs and FeCDs. However, CuCD induced significant dose-dependent toxic effects including decreases in TEER and cell viability, increases in cytotoxicity and ROS production, and alterations in important metabolites, including D-glucose, L-cysteine, uridine, citric acid and multiple fatty acids. These results support the current understanding that pristine CDs are relatively non-toxic and the cytotoxicity is dependent on the doping molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Cao
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Ave Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiaoyong Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Sneha P. Couvillion
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Tong Zhang
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Carlos Tamez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06504, USA
| | - Lisa M. Bramer
- National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Jason C. White
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06504, USA
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Brian D. Thrall
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Kee Woei Ng
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Ave Boston, MA 02115, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
- Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141
| | - Xiao Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
- Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore 637141
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Ave Boston, MA 02115, USA
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28
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Domenech J, Cortés C, Vela L, Marcos R, Hernández A. Polystyrene Nanoplastics as Carriers of Metals. Interactions of Polystyrene Nanoparticles with Silver Nanoparticles and Silver Nitrate, and Their Effects on Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060859. [PMID: 34207836 PMCID: PMC8227673 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental plastic wastes are continuously degraded to their micro and nanoforms. Since in the environment they coexist with other pollutants, it has been suggested that they could act as vectors transporting different toxic trace elements, such as metals. To confirm this, we have assessed the potential interactions between nanopolystyrene, as a model of nanoplastic debris, and silver compounds (silver nanoparticles and silver nitrate), as models of metal contaminant. Using TEM-EDX methodological approaches, we have been able to demonstrate metal sorption by nanopolystyrene. Furthermore, using Caco-2 cells and confocal microscopy, we have observed the co-localization of nanopolystyrene/nanosilver in different cellular compartments, including the cell nucleus. Although the internalization of these complexes showed no exacerbated cytotoxic effects, compared to the effects of each compound alone, the silver/nanopolystyrene complexes modulate the cell’s uptake of silver and slightly modify some harmful cellular effects of silver, such as the ability to induce genotoxic and oxidative DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefa Domenech
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (J.D.); (C.C.); (L.V.)
| | - Constanza Cortés
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (J.D.); (C.C.); (L.V.)
| | - Lourdes Vela
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (J.D.); (C.C.); (L.V.)
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador
| | - Ricard Marcos
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (J.D.); (C.C.); (L.V.)
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Alba Hernández
- Group of Mutagenesis, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain; (J.D.); (C.C.); (L.V.)
- Correspondence: (R.M.); (A.H.)
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Nabi SU, Ali SI, Rather MA, Sheikh WM, Altaf M, Singh H, Mumtaz PT, Mishra NC, Nazir SU, Bashir SM. Organoids: A new approach in toxicity testing of nanotherapeutics. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:52-72. [PMID: 34060108 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has revolutionized diverse fields, which include agriculture, the consumer market, medicine, and other fields. Widespread use of nanotechnology-based products has led to increased prevalence of these novel formulations in the environment, which has raised concerns regarding their deleterious effects. The application of nanotechnology-based formulations into clinical use is hampered by the lack of the availability of effective in vitro systems, which could accurately assess their in vivo toxic effects. A plethora of studies has shown the hazardous effects of nanoparticle-based formulations in two-dimensional in vitro cell cultures and animal models. These have some associated disadvantages when used for the evaluation of nano-toxicity. Organoid technology fills the space between existing two-dimensional cell line culture and in vivo models. The uniqueness of organoids over other systems for evaluating toxicity caused by nano-drug formulation includes them being a co-culture of diverse cell types, dynamic flow within them that simulates the actual flow of nanoparticles within biological systems, extensive cell-cell, cell-matrix interactions, and a tissue-like morphology. Thus, it mimics the actual tissue microenvironment and, subsequently, provides an opportunity to study drug metabolism and toxico-dynamics of nanotechnology-based novel formulations. The use of organoids in the evaluation of nano-drug toxicity is in its infancy. A limited number of studies conducted so far have shown good predictive value and efficiently significant data correlation with the clinical trials. In this review, we attempt to introduce organoids of the liver, lungs, brain, kidney intestine, and potential applications to evaluate toxicity caused by nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Showkat Ul Nabi
- Large Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics & Jurisprudence, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sofi Imtiyaz Ali
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Muzafar Ahmad Rather
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Wajid Mohammad Sheikh
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mehvish Altaf
- Department of Food Technology, Islamic University of Science & Technology, Awantipora, Pulwama, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Hemant Singh
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Peerzada Tajamul Mumtaz
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Narayan Chandra Mishra
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Sheikh Uzma Nazir
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Showkeen Muzamil Bashir
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Ude VC, Brown DM, Stone V, Johnston HJ. Time dependent impact of copper oxide nanomaterials on the expression of genes associated with oxidative stress, metal binding, inflammation and mucus secretion in single and co-culture intestinal in vitro models. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 74:105161. [PMID: 33839236 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The potential for ingestion of copper oxide nanomaterials (CuO NMs) is increasing due to their increased exploitation. Investigation of changes in gene expression allows toxicity to be detected at an early stage of NM exposure and can enable investigation of the mechanism of toxicity. Here, undifferentiated Caco-2 cells, differentiated Caco-2 cells, Caco-2/HT29-MTX (mucus secreting) and Caco-2/Raji B (M cell model) co-cultures were exposed to CuO NMs and copper sulphate (CuSO4) in order to determine their impacts. Cellular responses were measured in terms of production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the gene expression of an antioxidant (haem oxygenase 1 (HMOX1)), the pro-inflammatory cytokine (interleukin 8 (IL8)), the metal binding (metallothionein 1A and 2A (MT1A and MT2A)) and the mucus secreting (mucin 2 (MUC2)), as well as HMOX-1 protein level. While CuSO4 induced ROS production in cells, no such effect was observed for CuO NMs. However, these particles did induce an increase in the level of HMOX-1 protein and upregulation of HMOX1, MT2A, IL8 and MUC2 genes in all cell models. In conclusion, the expression of HMOX1, IL8 and MT2A were responsive to CuO NMs at 4 to 12 h post exposure when investigating the toxicity of NMs using intestinal in vitro models. These findings can inform the selection of endpoints, timepoints and models when investigating NM toxicity to the intestine in vitro in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor C Ude
- Nano Safety Research Group, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - David M Brown
- Nano Safety Research Group, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Vicki Stone
- Nano Safety Research Group, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Helinor J Johnston
- Nano Safety Research Group, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
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Kämpfer AAM, Busch M, Büttner V, Bredeck G, Stahlmecke B, Hellack B, Masson I, Sofranko A, Albrecht C, Schins RPF. Model Complexity as Determining Factor for In Vitro Nanosafety Studies: Effects of Silver and Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials in Intestinal Models. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2004223. [PMID: 33458953 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the rising interest in the effects of orally ingested engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), much effort is undertaken to develop and advance intestinal in vitro models. The cytotoxic, proinflammatory, and DNA damaging properties of polyvinylpyrrolidone-capped silver (Ag-PVP) and titanium dioxide (TiO2 , P25) ENM in four in vitro models of increasing complexity-from proliferating Caco-2 and HT29-MTX-E12 monocultures to long-term transwell triple cultures including THP-1 macrophages to reproduce the human intestine in healthy versus inflamed-like state-are studied. Results are compared against in vivo effects of the same ENM through intestinal tissue analysis from 28-day oral exposure studies in mice. Adverse responses are only observed in monocultures and suggest toxic potential for both ENM, typically showing stronger effects for Ag-PVP than for TiO2 . By contrast, no adverse effects are observed in either the transwell cultures or the analyzed murine tissues. The data provide further support that monoculture models represent a cost and time efficient tool for early-phase hazard assessment. However, the observed similarities in morphology and ENM effects in murine intestinal tissue and the in vitro triple culture model suggest that advanced multifacetted research questions concerning oral ENM exposure are more adequately addressed by the more complex and time intensive models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela A M Kämpfer
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Mathias Busch
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Veronika Büttner
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Gerrit Bredeck
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Burkhard Stahlmecke
- IUTA - Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology, Bliersheimer Str. 58-60, Duisburg, 47229, Germany
| | - Bryan Hellack
- IUTA - Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology, Bliersheimer Str. 58-60, Duisburg, 47229, Germany
- UBA - German Environment Agency, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 29, Langen, 63225, Germany
| | - Isabelle Masson
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Adriana Sofranko
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Catrin Albrecht
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Roel P F Schins
- IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
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Jin R, Shang J, Teng X, Zhang L, Liao M, Kang J, Meng R, Wang D, Ren H, Liu N. Characterization of DPP-IV Inhibitory Peptides Using an In Vitro Cell Culture Model of the Intestine. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:2711-2718. [PMID: 33629836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Here, we characterize the activities of two depeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory peptides, VLATSGPG and LDKVFER, using the Caco-2 monolayer model for the intestine. VLATSGPG and LDKVFR inhibited the DPP-IV in the cells via a mixed-type inhibition mode, with in situ IC50 values of 207.3 and 148.5 μM, respectively. Furthermore, VLATSGPG and LDKVFR were transported intact across the cells, with Papp values of 2.41 ± 0.16 and 4.23 ± 0.29 × 10-7 cm/s, respectively. Fragmented peptides were identified in the basolateral side of the membrane. Two of these, GPG and VLA, exhibited high inhibitory activities of 83.6 ± 3.3 and 58.5 ± 2.5%, respectively, at 100 μM concentration. Although 3 mM VLATSGPG and LDKVFR were transported across the epithelium in a concentration-dependent manner, their transport did not damage the tight junction proteins, ZO-1 and occludin. This study demonstrates that the two peptides potentially regulate DPP-IV activity in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritian Jin
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Key Lab of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Harbin Tengning Technology Company Ltd., Harbin 150010, China
| | - Jiaqi Shang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Key Lab of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Harbin Tengning Technology Company Ltd., Harbin 150010, China
| | - Xiangyu Teng
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Key Lab of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Harbin Tengning Technology Company Ltd., Harbin 150010, China
| | - Ligang Zhang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Key Lab of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Minhe Liao
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Key Lab of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jiaxin Kang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Key Lab of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Harbin Tengning Technology Company Ltd., Harbin 150010, China
| | - Ran Meng
- Binhai Agricultural Research Institute of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science/Tangshan Key Laboratory of Plant Salt-Tolerance Research, Tangshan 063200, China
| | - Dangfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Haowei Ren
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Key Lab of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ning Liu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Key Lab of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Harbin Tengning Technology Company Ltd., Harbin 150010, China
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Andreani T, Nogueira V, Gavina A, Fernandes S, Rodrigues JL, Pinto VV, Ferreira MJ, Silva AM, Pereira CM, Pereira R. Ecotoxicity to Freshwater Organisms and Cytotoxicity of Nanomaterials: Are We Generating Sufficient Data for Their Risk Assessment? NANOMATERIALS 2020; 11:nano11010066. [PMID: 33396620 PMCID: PMC7824120 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the eco-cytotoxicity of several forms of nanomaterials (NM), such as nano-CuO, nano-TiO2, nano-SiO2 and nano-ZnO, on different aquatic species (Raphidocelis subcapitata, Daphnia magna and Lemna minor) following standard protocols and on human cell lines (Caco-2, SV-80, HepG2 and HaCaT). Predicted no-effect concentrations (PNEC) or hazard concentrations for 5% of the species (HC5) were also estimated based on the compilation of data available in the literature. Most of the NM agglomerated strongly in the selected culture media. For the ecotoxicity assays, nano-CuO and nano-ZnO even in particle agglomeration state were the most toxic NM to the freshwater organisms compared to nano-TiO2 and nano-SiO2. Nano-ZnO was the most toxic NM to R. subcapitata and D. magna, while nano-CuO was found to be very toxic to L. minor. Nano-CuO was very toxic to Caco-2 and HepG2 cells, particularly at the highest tested concentrations, while the other NM showed no toxicity to the different cell lines. The HC5 and PNEC values are still highly protective, due to data limitations. However, the present study provides consistent evidence of the potential risks of both nano-CuO and nano-ZnO against aquatic organisms and also their effects on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Andreani
- Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, CIQUP & Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
- CITAB—Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- GreenUPorto—Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre & Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (A.G.); (S.F.)
- Correspondence: (T.A.); (R.P.); Tel.: +351-220-402-000 (T.A. & R.P.)
| | - Verónica Nogueira
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal;
| | - Ana Gavina
- GreenUPorto—Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre & Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (A.G.); (S.F.)
| | - Saul Fernandes
- GreenUPorto—Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre & Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (A.G.); (S.F.)
| | - José Luís Rodrigues
- Centro Tecnológico do Calçado de Portugal, Rua de Fundões—Devesa Velha, 3700-121 São João Madeira, Portugal; (J.L.R.); (V.V.P.); (M.J.F.)
| | - Vera V. Pinto
- Centro Tecnológico do Calçado de Portugal, Rua de Fundões—Devesa Velha, 3700-121 São João Madeira, Portugal; (J.L.R.); (V.V.P.); (M.J.F.)
| | - Maria José Ferreira
- Centro Tecnológico do Calçado de Portugal, Rua de Fundões—Devesa Velha, 3700-121 São João Madeira, Portugal; (J.L.R.); (V.V.P.); (M.J.F.)
| | - Amélia M. Silva
- CITAB—Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, P-5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Carlos M. Pereira
- Centro de Investigação em Química da Universidade do Porto, CIQUP & Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Ruth Pereira
- GreenUPorto—Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre & Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (A.G.); (S.F.)
- Correspondence: (T.A.); (R.P.); Tel.: +351-220-402-000 (T.A. & R.P.)
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Hempt C, Hirsch C, Hannig Y, Rippl A, Wick P, Buerki-Thurnherr T. Investigating the effects of differently produced synthetic amorphous silica (E 551) on the integrity and functionality of the human intestinal barrier using an advanced in vitro co-culture model. Arch Toxicol 2020; 95:837-852. [PMID: 33319326 PMCID: PMC7904742 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02957-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
E 551, also known as synthetic amorphous silica (SAS), is the second most produced food additive. However, according to the re-evaluation of E 551 by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) in 2018, the amount of available data on the oral toxicity of food grade E 551 is still insufficient for reliable risk assessment. To close this gap, this study aimed to investigate six food-grade SAS with distinct physicochemical properties on their interaction with the intestinal barrier using advanced in vitro intestinal co-cultures and to identify potential structure-activity relationships. A mucus-secreting Caco-2/HT-29/Raji co-culture model was treated with up to 50 µg/ml SAS for 48 h, which represents a dose range relevant to dietary exposure. No effects on cell viability, barrier integrity, microvilli function or the release of inflammatory cytokine were detected after acute exposure. Slight biological responses were observed for few SAS materials on iron uptake and gene expression levels of mucin 1 and G-protein coupled receptor 120 (GPR120). There was no clear correlation between SAS properties (single or combined) and the observed biological responses. Overall, this study provides novel insights into the short-term impact of food-relevant SAS with distinct characteristics on the intestinal epithelium including a range of intestine-specific functional endpoints. In addition, it highlights the importance of using advanced intestinal co-cultures embracing relevant cell types as well as a protective mucus barrier to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the biological response of food additives at the intestinal barrier in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Hempt
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cordula Hirsch
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Yvette Hannig
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Rippl
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Peter Wick
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Tina Buerki-Thurnherr
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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Verdon R, Gillies SL, Brown DM, Henry T, Tran L, Tyler CR, Rossi AG, Stone V, Johnston HJ. Neutrophil activation by nanomaterials in vitro: comparing strengths and limitations of primary human cells with those of an immortalized (HL-60) cell line. Nanotoxicology 2020; 15:1-20. [PMID: 33272088 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2020.1834635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of nanomaterial (NM) induced inflammatory responses has largely relied on rodent testing via measurement of leukocyte accumulation in target organs. Despite observations that NMs activate neutrophil driven inflammatory responses in vivo, a limited number of studies have investigated neutrophil responses to NMs in vitro. We compared responses between the human neutrophil-like HL-60 cell line and human primary neutrophils following exposure to silver (Ag), zinc oxide (ZnO), copper oxide (CuO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) NMs. NM cytotoxicity and neutrophil activation were assessed by measuring cellular metabolic activity, cytokine production, respiratory burst, and release of neutrophil extracellular traps. We observed a similar pattern of response between HL-60 cells and primary neutrophils, however we report that some neutrophil functions are compromised in the cell line. Ag NMs were consistently observed to stimulate neutrophil activation, with CuO NMs inducing similar though weaker responses. TiO2 NMs did not induce a neutrophil response in either cell type. Interestingly, ZnO NMs readily induced activation of HL-60 cells but did not appear to activate primary cells. Our findings are relevant to the development of a tiered testing strategy for NM hazard assessment which promotes the use of non-rodent models. Whilst we acknowledge that HL-60 cells may not be a perfect substitute for primary cells and require further investigation regarding their ability to predict neutrophil activation, we recommend their use for initial screening of NM-induced inflammation. Primary human neutrophils can then be used for more focused assessments of neutrophil activation before progressing to in vivo models where necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Verdon
- Nano-Safety Research Group, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - David M Brown
- Nano-Safety Research Group, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Theodore Henry
- Nano-Safety Research Group, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lang Tran
- Statistics and Toxicology Section, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Charles R Tyler
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Adriano G Rossi
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Vicki Stone
- Nano-Safety Research Group, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
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Javed I, Cui X, Wang X, Mortimer M, Andrikopoulos N, Li Y, Davis TP, Zhao Y, Ke PC, Chen C. Implications of the Human Gut-Brain and Gut-Cancer Axes for Future Nanomedicine. ACS NANO 2020; 14:14391-14416. [PMID: 33138351 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent clinical and pathological evidence have implicated the gut microbiota as a nexus for modulating the homeostasis of the human body, impacting conditions from cancer and dementia to obesity and social behavior. The connections between microbiota and human diseases offer numerous opportunities in medicine, most of which have limited or no therapeutic solutions available. In light of this paradigm-setting trend in science, this review aims to provide a comprehensive and timely summary of the mechanistic pathways governing the gut microbiota and their implications for nanomedicines targeting cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Specifically, we discuss in parallel the beneficial and pathogenic relationship of the gut microbiota along the gut-brain and gut-cancer axes, elaborate on the impact of dysbiosis and the gastrointestinal corona on the efficacy of nanomedicines, and highlight a molecular mimicry that manipulates the universal cross-β backbone of bacterial amyloid to accelerate neurological disorders. This review further offers a forward-looking section on the rational design of cancer and dementia nanomedicines exploiting the gut-brain and gut-cancer axes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Javed
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Xuejing Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Monika Mortimer
- Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Nikolaos Andrikopoulos
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Yuhuan Li
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 111 Yixueyuan Rd, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Thomas P Davis
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Pu Chun Ke
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 111 Yixueyuan Rd, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- GBA Research Innovation Institute for Nanotechnology, Guangdong 510700, China
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Lama S, Merlin-Zhang O, Yang C. In Vitro and In Vivo Models for Evaluating the Oral Toxicity of Nanomedicines. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2177. [PMID: 33142878 PMCID: PMC7694082 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity studies for conventional oral drug formulations are standardized and well documented, as required by the guidelines of administrative agencies such as the US Food & Drug Administration (FDA), the European Medicines Agency (EMA) or European Medicines Evaluation Agency (EMEA), and the Japanese Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA). Researchers tend to extrapolate these standardized protocols to evaluate nanoformulations (NFs) because standard nanotoxicity protocols are still lacking in nonclinical studies for testing orally delivered NFs. However, such strategies have generated many inconsistent results because they do not account for the specific physicochemical properties of nanomedicines. Due to their tiny size, accumulated surface charge and tension, sizeable surface-area-to-volume ratio, and high chemical/structural complexity, orally delivered NFs may generate severe topical toxicities to the gastrointestinal tract and metabolic organs, including the liver and kidney. Such toxicities involve immune responses that reflect different mechanisms than those triggered by conventional formulations. Herein, we briefly analyze the potential oral toxicity mechanisms of NFs and describe recently reported in vitro and in vivo models that attempt to address the specific oral toxicity of nanomedicines. We also discuss approaches that may be used to develop nontoxic NFs for oral drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chunhua Yang
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Digestive Disease Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Petite Science Center, Suite 754, 100 Piedmont Ave SE, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (S.L.); (O.M.-Z.)
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Bertero A, Colombo G, Cortinovis C, Bassi V, Moschini E, Bellitto N, Perego MC, Albonico M, Astori E, Dalle-Donne I, Gedanken A, Perelshtein I, Mantecca P, Caloni F. In vitro copper oxide nanoparticle toxicity on intestinal barrier. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:291-302. [PMID: 33107989 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The use of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) has increased greatly and their potential effects on human health need to be investigated. Differentiated Caco-2 cells were treated from the apical (Ap) and the basolateral (Bl) compartment with different concentrations (0, 10, 50 and 100 μg/mL) of commercial or sonochemically synthesized (sono) CuO NPs. Sono NPs were prepared in ethanol (CuOe) or in water (CuOw), obtaining CuO NPs differing in size and shape. The effects on the Caco-2 cell barrier were assessed via transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) evaluation just before and after 1, 2 and 24 hours of exposure and through the analysis of cytokine release and biomarkers of oxidative damage to proteins after 24 hours. Sono CuOe and CuOw NPs induced a TEER decrease with a dose-dependent pattern after Bl exposure. Conversely, TEER values were not affected by the Ap exposure to commercial CuO NPs and, concerning the Bl exposure, only the lowest concentration tested (10 μg/mL) caused a TEER decrease after 24 hours of exposure. An increased release of interleukin-8 was induced by sono CuO NPs after the Ap exposure to 100 μg/mL and by sono and commercial CuO after the Bl exposure to all the concentrations. No effects of commercial and sono CuO NPs on interleukin-6 (with the only exception of 100 μg/mL Bl commercial CuO) and tumor necrosis factor-α release were observed. Ap treatment with commercial and CuOw NPs was able to induce significant alterations on specific biomarkers of protein oxidative damage (protein sulfhydryl group oxidation and protein carbonylation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Bertero
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Graziano Colombo
- Department of Biosciences (Department of Excellence 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Cortinovis
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety (VESPA), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Virginia Bassi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Moschini
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Research Center POLARIS, Università degli Studi di Milano, Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
| | - Nicholas Bellitto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Perego
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Albonico
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Astori
- Department of Biosciences (Department of Excellence 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Dalle-Donne
- Department of Biosciences (Department of Excellence 2018-2022), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Aharon Gedanken
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Ilana Perelshtein
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Paride Mantecca
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Research Center POLARIS, Università degli Studi di Milano, Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Caloni
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Cao Y, Li S, Chen J. Modeling better in vitro models for the prediction of nanoparticle toxicity: a review. Toxicol Mech Methods 2020; 31:1-17. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2020.1828521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, P. R. China
| | - Jiamao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry Education, Laboratory of Biochemistry, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, P. R. China
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40
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Schneider T, Westermann M, Glei M. Impact of ultrasonication on the delivered dose of metal oxide particle dispersions in vitro. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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41
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Zhu Y, Ding J, Shi Y, Fang Y, Li P, Fan F, Wu J, Hu Q. Deciphering the role of selenium‐enriched rice protein hydrolysates in the regulation of Pb
2+
‐induced cytotoxicity: an
in vitro
Caco‐2 cell model study. Int J Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety Nanjing210023China
| | - Jian Ding
- College of Food Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety Nanjing210023China
| | - Yi Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety Nanjing210023China
| | - Yong Fang
- College of Food Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety Nanjing210023China
| | - Peng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety Nanjing210023China
| | - Fengjiao Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety Nanjing210023China
| | - Jian Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety Nanjing210023China
| | - Qiuhui Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety Nanjing210023China
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42
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Pradhan SH, Mulenos MR, Steele LR, Gibb M, Ede JD, Ong KJ, Shatkin JA, Sayes CM. Physical, chemical, and toxicological characterization of fibrillated forms of cellulose using an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and co-culture model. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2020; 9:290-301. [PMID: 32670560 PMCID: PMC7329166 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrillated cellulose is a next-generation material in development for a variety of applications, including use in food and food-contact materials. An alternative testing strategy including simulated digestion was developed to compare the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of seven different types of fibrillated cellulose, following European Food Safety Authority guidance. Fibrillated forms were compared to a conventional form of cellulose which has been used in food for over 85 years and has Generally Recognized as safe regulatory status in the USA. The physical and chemical characterization of fibrillated celluloses demonstrate that these materials are similar physically and chemically, which composed of the same fundamental molecular structure and exhibit similar morphology, size, size distribution, surface charge, and low levels of impurities. Simulated gastrointestinal and lysosomal digestions demonstrate that these physical and chemical similarities remain following exposure to conditions that mimic the gastrointestinal tract or intracellular lysosomes. A toxicological investigation with an advanced intestinal co-culture model found that exposure to each of the fibrillated and conventional forms of cellulose, in either the pristine or digested form at 0.4% by weight, showed no adverse toxicological effects including cytotoxicity, barrier integrity, oxidative stress, or inflammation. The results demonstrate the physical, chemical, and biological similarities of these materials and provide substantive evidence to support their grouping and ability to read-across data as part of a food safety demonstration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar H Pradhan
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX 76798-7266, USA
| | - Marina R Mulenos
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX 76798-7266, USA
| | - London R Steele
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX 76798-7266, USA
| | - Matthew Gibb
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX 76798-7266, USA
| | - James D Ede
- Vireo Advisors, LLC, Boston, MA, 02130-4323, USA
| | | | | | - Christie M Sayes
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX 76798-7266, USA
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX 76798-7266, USA
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43
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Hempt C, Kaiser JP, Scholder O, Buerki-Thurnherr T, Hofmann H, Rippl A, Schuster TB, Wick P, Hirsch C. The impact of synthetic amorphous silica (E 551) on differentiated Caco-2 cells, a model for the human intestinal epithelium. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 67:104903. [PMID: 32473318 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
For several decades, food-grade synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) have been used as a technological additive to reduce caking of food powders. Human exposure is thus inevitable and safety concerns are taken seriously. The toxicity of silica in general and SAS in particular has been studied extensively. Overall, there is little evidence that food-grade SAS pose any health risks to humans. However, from the available data it was often not clear which type of silica was used. Accordingly, the latest report of the European food safety authority requested additional toxicity data for well-characterised "real food-grade SAS". To close this gap, we screened a panel of ten well-defined, food-grade SAS for potential adverse effects on differentiated Caco-2 cells. Precipitated and fumed SAS with low, intermediate and high specific surface area were included to determine structure-activity relationships. In a physiological dose-range up to 50 μg/ml and 48 h of incubation, none of the materials induced adverse effects on differentiated Caco-2 cells. This held true for endpoints of acute cytotoxicity as well as epithelial specific measures of barrier integrity. These results showed that despite considerable differences in production routes and material characteristics, food-relevant SAS did not elicit acute toxicity responses in intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Hempt
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pierre Kaiser
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Scholder
- Nanoscale Materials Science Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Tina Buerki-Thurnherr
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Heinrich Hofmann
- Institute of Materials, Powder Technology Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Rippl
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Tobias B Schuster
- Evonik Resource Efficiency GmbH, Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, 63457 Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | - Peter Wick
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Cordula Hirsch
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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44
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Kämpfer AAM, Busch M, Schins RPF. Advanced In Vitro Testing Strategies and Models of the Intestine for Nanosafety Research. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:1163-1178. [PMID: 32383381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There is growing concern about the potential adverse effects of oral exposure to engineered nanomaterials (ENM). Recent years have witnessed major developments in and advancement of intestinal in vitro models for nanosafety evaluation. The present paper reviews the key factors that should be considered for inclusion in nonanimal alternative testing approaches to reliably reflect the in vivo dynamics of the physicochemical properties of ENM as well the intestinal physiology and morphology. Currently available models range from simple cell line-based monocultures to advanced 3D systems and organoids. In addition, in vitro approaches exist to replicate the mucous barrier, digestive processes, luminal flow, peristalsis, and interactions of ENM with the intestinal microbiota. However, while the inclusion of a multitude of individual factors/components of particle (pre)treatment, exposure approach, and cell model approximates in vivo-like conditions, such increasing complexity inevitably affects the system's robustness and reproducibility. The selection of the individual modules to build the in vitro testing strategy should be driven and justified by the specific purpose of the study and, not least, the intended or actual application of the investigated ENM. Studies that address health hazards of ingested ENM likely require different approaches than research efforts to unravel the fundamental interactions or toxicity mechanisms of ENM in the intestine. Advanced reliable and robust in vitro models of the intestine, especially when combined in an integrated testing approach, offer great potential to further improve the field of nanosafety research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela A M Kämpfer
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, IUF, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mathias Busch
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, IUF, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roel P F Schins
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, IUF, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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45
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Cui X, Bao L, Wang X, Chen C. The Nano-Intestine Interaction: Understanding the Location-Oriented Effects of Engineered Nanomaterials in the Intestine. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1907665. [PMID: 32347646 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201907665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are used in food additives, food packages, and therapeutic purposes owing to their useful properties, Therefore, human beings are orally exposed to exogenous nanomaterials frequently, which means the intestine is one of the primary targets of nanomaterials. Consequently, it is of great importance to understand the interaction between nanomaterials and the intestine. When nanomaterials enter into gut lumen, they inevitably interact with various components and thereby display different effects on the intestine based on their locations; these are known as location-oriented effects (LOE). The intestinal LOE confer a new biological-effect profile for nanomaterials, which is dependent on the involvement of the following biological processes: nano-mucus interaction, nano-intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) interaction, nano-immune interaction, and nano-microbiota interaction. A deep understanding of NM-induced LOE will facilitate the design of safer NMs and the development of more efficient nanomedicine for intestine-related diseases. Herein, recent progress in this field is reviewed in order to better understand the LOE of nanomaterials. The distant effects of nanomaterials coupling with microbiota are also highlighted. Investigation of the interaction of nanomaterials with the intestine will stimulate other new research areas beyond intestinal nanotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lin Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- GBA Research Innovation Institute for Nanotechnology, Guangdong, 510700, China
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46
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Kubo AL, Vasiliev G, Vija H, Krishtal J, Tõugu V, Visnapuu M, Kisand V, Kahru A, Bondarenko OM. Surface carboxylation or PEGylation decreases CuO nanoparticles' cytotoxicity to human cells in vitro without compromising their antibacterial properties. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:1561-1573. [PMID: 32253467 PMCID: PMC7261733 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02720-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Clinical use of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) as antibacterials can be hampered by their toxicity to human cells. We hypothesized that certain surface functionalizations of CuO NPs may render NPs toxic to bacteria, but still be relatively harmless to human cells. To control this hypothesis, the toxicity of differently functionalized CuO NPs to bacteria Escherichia coli vs human cells (THP-1 macrophages and HACAT keratinocytes) was compared using similar conditions and end points. CuO NPs functionalized with polyethylene glycol (CuO-PEG), carboxyl (CuO-COOH, anionic), ammonium (CuO-NH4+, cationic) and unfunctionalized CuO NPs and CuSO4 (controls) were tested. In general, the toxicity of Cu compounds decreased in the following order: CuO-NH4+ > unfunctionalized CuO > CuSO4 > CuO-COOH > CuO-PEG. Positively charged unfunctionalized CuO and especially CuO-NH4+ proved most toxic (24-h EC50 = 21.7-47 mg/l) and had comparable toxicity to bacterial and mammalian cells. The multivariate analysis revealed that toxicity of these NPs was mostly attributed to their positive zeta potential, small hydrodynamic size, high Cu dissolution, and induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and TNF-α. In contrast, CuO-COOH and CuO-PEG NPs had lower toxicity to human cells compared to bacteria despite efficient uptake of these NPs by human cells. In addition, these NPs did not induce TNF-α and ROS. Thus, by varying the NP functionalization and Cu form (soluble salt vs NPs), it was possible to "target" the toxicity of Cu compounds, whereas carboxylation and PEGylation rendered CuO NPs that were more toxic to bacteria than to human cells envisaging their use in medical antibacterial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Liisa Kubo
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Grigory Vasiliev
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn, Estonia
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, TalTech, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Heiki Vija
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Jekaterina Krishtal
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, TalTech, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Vello Tõugu
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, TalTech, Akadeemia tee 15, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Meeri Visnapuu
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi 1, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vambola Kisand
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, W. Ostwaldi 1, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Anne Kahru
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn, Estonia.
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Olesja M Bondarenko
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn, Estonia.
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47
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Xu R, Karrow NA, Shandilya UK, Sun LH, Kitazawa H. In-Vitro Cell Culture for Efficient Assessment of Mycotoxin Exposure, Toxicity and Risk Mitigation. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E146. [PMID: 32120954 PMCID: PMC7150844 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12030146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary fungal metabolites that commonly contaminate crops and food by-products and thus, animal feed. Ingestion of mycotoxins can lead to mycotoxicosis in both animals and humans, and at subclinical concentrations may affect animal production and adulterate feed and animal by-products. Mycotoxicity mechanisms of action (MOA) are largely unknown, and co-contamination, which is often the case, raises the likelihood of mycotoxin interactions. Mitigation strategies for reducing the risk of mycotoxicity are diverse and may not necessarily provide protection against all mycotoxins. These factors, as well as the species-specific risk of toxicity, collectively make an assessment of exposure, toxicity, and risk mitigation very challenging and costly; thus, in-vitro cell culture models provide a useful tool for their initial assessment. Since ingestion is the most common route of mycotoxin exposure, the intestinal epithelial barrier comprised of epithelial cells (IECs) and immune cells such as macrophages, represents ground zero where mycotoxins are absorbed, biotransformed, and elicit toxicity. This article aims to review different in-vitro IEC or co-culture models that can be used for assessing mycotoxin exposure, toxicity, and risk mitigation, and their suitability and limitations for the safety assessment of animal foods and food by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xu
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (R.X.); (U.K.S.)
| | - Niel A. Karrow
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (R.X.); (U.K.S.)
| | - Umesh K. Shandilya
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (R.X.); (U.K.S.)
| | - Lv-hui Sun
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Haruki Kitazawa
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan;
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
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Rajput V, Minkina T, Sushkova S, Behal A, Maksimov A, Blicharska E, Ghazaryan K, Movsesyan H, Barsova N. ZnO and CuO nanoparticles: a threat to soil organisms, plants, and human health. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:147-158. [PMID: 31111333 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00317-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The progressive increase in nanoparticles (NPs) applications and their potential release into the environment because the majority of them end up in the soil without proper care have drawn considerable attention to the public health, which has become an increasingly important area of research. It is required to understand ecological threats of NPs before applications. Once NPs are released into the environment, they are subjected to translocation and go through several modifications, such as bio/geo-transformation which plays a significant role in determination of ultimate fate in the environment. The interaction between plants and NPs is an important aspect of the risk assessment. The plants growing in a contaminated medium may significantly pose a threat to human health via the food chain. Metal oxide NPs ZnO and CuO, the most important NPs, are highly toxic to a wide range of organisms. Exposure and effects of CuO and ZnO NPs on soil biota and human health are critically discussed in this study. The potential benefits and unintentional dangers of NPs to the environment and human health are essential to evaluate and expected to produce less toxic and more degradable NPs to minimize the environmental risk in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Rajput
- Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia.
| | | | | | - Arvind Behal
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Alexey Maksimov
- Rostov Research Institute of Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, 344037, Russia
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Mortensen NP, Caffaro MM, Patel PR, Uddin MJ, Aravamudhan S, Sumner SJ, Fennell TR. Investigation of Twenty Metal, Metal Oxide, and Metal Sulfide Nanoparticles' Impact on Differentiated Caco-2 Monolayer Integrity. NANOIMPACT 2020; 17:100212. [PMID: 32864507 PMCID: PMC7451203 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2020.100212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in foods and consumer products is rising, increasing the potential for unintentional ingestion. While the cytotoxicity of many ENMs has been investigated, less attention has been given to adverse impact on the intestinal barrier integrity. Chronical disruption of gastrointestinal integrity can have far reaching health implications. Using fully differentiated Caco-2 cells, the perturbation of intestinal barrier function and cytotoxicity were investigated for 20 metal, metal oxide, and metal sulfide ENMs. Caco-2 cells were exposed to 50 μg/mL ENMs for 24 hours. ENM formulations were characterized at 0 and 24 hours, and In Vitro Sedimentation, Diffusion and Dosimetry Modeling was applied to calculate the effective dose of exposure during 24 hours. The apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) was determined for fluorescent labeled dextran (3,000 Da) and tight junction integrity was evaluated by immunofluorescence microscopy. Cytotoxicity was investigated by determining lactate dehydrogenase release (LDH) and cell metabolic activity (tetrazolium based MTS) assays. Four ENMs led to significantly increased Papp, (15.8% w/w% Ag-SiO2 nanoparticle (NP), 60 nm CdS NP, 100 nm V2O5 flakes, and 50 nm ZnO NP), while one ENM (20 nm MgO NP) decreased Papp. With the exception of CdS NP, significantly increased Papp was not connected with cell cytotoxicity. The calculated effective dose concentration was not correlated with increased Papp. Our results illustrate that while many metal, metal oxide, and metal sulfide ENMs do not adversely affect monolayer integrity or induce cytotoxicity in differentiated Caco-2 cells, a subset of ENMs may compromise the intestinal integrity. This study demonstrated the use of differentiated Caco-2 monolayer and Papp as an endpoint to identify and prioritize ENMs that should be investigated further. The interaction between ENMs and the intestinal epithelium needs to be evaluated to understand potential intestinal barrier dysfunction and resulting health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninell P. Mortensen
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
- Corresponding author: Ninell P. Mortensen, Ph. D., Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA,
| | - Maria Moreno Caffaro
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Purvi R. Patel
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Md Jamal Uddin
- Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, 2907 East Gate City Blvd, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA
| | - Shyam Aravamudhan
- Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, 2907 East Gate City Blvd, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA
| | - Susan J. Sumner
- UNC Nutrition Research Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Timothy R. Fennell
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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Cabellos J, Delpivo C, Vázquez-Campos S, Janer G. In vitro assessment of CeO2 nanoparticles effects on intestinal microvilli morphology. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 59:70-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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