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Martínez-Alonso E, Escobar-Peso A, Guerra-Pérez N, Roca M, Masjuan J, Alcázar A. Dihydropyrimidinase-Related Protein 2 Is a New Partner in the Binding between 4E-BP2 and eIF4E Related to Neuronal Death after Cerebral Ischemia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098246. [PMID: 37175950 PMCID: PMC10179276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient cerebral ischemia induces neuronal degeneration, followed in time by secondary delayed neuronal death that is strongly correlated with a permanent inhibition of protein synthesis in vulnerable brain regions, while protein translational rates are recovered in resistant areas. In the translation-regulation initiation step, the eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E is a key player regulated by its association with eIF4E-binding proteins (4E-BPs), mostly 4E-BP2 in brain tissue. In a previous work, we identified dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2 (DRP2) as a 4E-BP2-interacting protein. Here, using a proteomic approach in a model of transient cerebral ischemia, a detailed study of DRP2 was performed in order to address the challenge of translation restoration in vulnerable regions. In this report, several DRP2 isoforms that have a specific interaction with both 4E-BP2 and eIF4E were identified, showing significant and opposite differences in this association, and being differentially detected in resistant and vulnerable regions in response to ischemia reperfusion. Our results provide the first evidence of DRP2 isoforms as potential regulators of the 4E-BP2-eIF4E association that would have consequences in the delayed neuronal death under ischemic-reperfusion stress. The new knowledge reported here identifies DRP2 as a new target to promote neuronal survival after cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Martínez-Alonso
- Department of Research, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Proteomics Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Escobar-Peso
- Department of Research, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Guerra-Pérez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcel Roca
- Department of Research, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Masjuan
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Alberto Alcázar
- Department of Research, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Proteomics Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain
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Xu J, Li J, Sun YJ, Quan W, Liu L, Zhang QH, Qin YD, Pei XC, Su H, Chen JJ. Identification of key genes and signaling pathways associated with dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease dementia using bioinformatics. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1029370. [PMID: 36970514 PMCID: PMC10034123 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1029370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveDementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) are collectively known as Lewy body dementia (LBD). Considering the heterogeneous nature of LBD and the different constellations of symptoms with which patients can present, the exact molecular mechanism underlying the differences between these two isoforms is still unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the biomarkers and potential mechanisms that distinguish between PDD and DLB.MethodsThe mRNA expression profile dataset of GSE150696 was acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between 12 DLB and 12 PDD were identified from Brodmann area 9 of human postmortem brains using GEO2R. A series of bioinformatics methods were applied to identify the potential signaling pathways involved, and a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to further investigate the relationship between gene co-expression and different LBD subtypes. Hub genes that are strongly associated with PDD and DLB were obtained from the intersection of DEGs and selected modules by WGCNA.ResultsA total of 1,864 DEGs between PDD and DLB were filtered by the online analysis tool GEO2R. We found that the most significant GO- and KEGG-enriched terms are involved in the establishment of the vesicle localization and pathways of neurodegeneration-multiple diseases. Glycerolipid metabolism and viral myocarditis were enriched in the PDD group. A B-cell receptor signaling pathway and one carbon pool by folate correlated with DLB in the results obtained from the GSEA. We found several clusters of co-expressed genes which we designated by colors in our WGCNA analysis. Furthermore, we identified seven upregulated genes, namely, SNAP25, GRIN2A, GABRG2, GABRA1, GRIA1, SLC17A6, and SYN1, which are significantly correlated with PDD.ConclusionThe seven hub genes and the signaling pathways we identified may be involved in the heterogeneous pathogenesis of PDD and DLB.
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Axonal Regeneration: Underlying Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123186. [PMID: 36551942 PMCID: PMC9775075 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Axons in the peripheral nervous system have the ability to repair themselves after damage, whereas axons in the central nervous system are unable to do so. A common and important characteristic of damage to the spinal cord, brain, and peripheral nerves is the disruption of axonal regrowth. Interestingly, intrinsic growth factors play a significant role in the axonal regeneration of injured nerves. Various factors such as proteomic profile, microtubule stability, ribosomal location, and signalling pathways mark a line between the central and peripheral axons' capacity for self-renewal. Unfortunately, glial scar development, myelin-associated inhibitor molecules, lack of neurotrophic factors, and inflammatory reactions are among the factors that restrict axonal regeneration. Molecular pathways such as cAMP, MAPK, JAK/STAT, ATF3/CREB, BMP/SMAD, AKT/mTORC1/p70S6K, PI3K/AKT, GSK-3β/CLASP, BDNF/Trk, Ras/ERK, integrin/FAK, RhoA/ROCK/LIMK, and POSTN/integrin are activated after nerve injury and are considered significant players in axonal regeneration. In addition to the aforementioned pathways, growth factors, microRNAs, and astrocytes are also commendable participants in regeneration. In this review, we discuss the detailed mechanism of each pathway along with key players that can be potentially valuable targets to help achieve quick axonal healing. We also identify the prospective targets that could help close knowledge gaps in the molecular pathways underlying regeneration and shed light on the creation of more powerful strategies to encourage axonal regeneration after nervous system injury.
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Mu L, Xia D, Cai J, Gu B, Liu X, Friedman V, Liu QS, Zhao L. Treadmill Exercise Reduces Neuroinflammation, Glial Cell Activation and Improves Synaptic Transmission in the Prefrontal Cortex in 3 × Tg-AD Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12655. [PMID: 36293516 PMCID: PMC9604030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise improves memory and cognition in physiological aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we test the hypothesis that Aβ oligomer accumulation, neuroinflammation, and glial cell activation may lead to disruption of synaptic transmission in the prefrontal cortex of 3 × Tg-AD Mice, resulting in impairment of learning and memory. On the other hand, treadmill exercise could prevent the pathogenesis and exert neuroprotective effects. Here, we used immunohistochemistry, western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and slice electrophysiology to analyze the levels of GSK3β, Aβ oligomers (Aβ dimers and trimers), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα), the phosphorylation of CRMP2 at Thr514, and synaptic currents in pyramidal neurons in the prefrontal cortex. We show that 12-week treadmill exercise beginning in three-month-old mice led to the inhibition of GSK3β kinase activity, decreases in the levels of Aβ oligomers, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα), and the phosphorylation of CRMP2 at Thr514, reduction of microglial and astrocyte activation, and improvement of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission of pyramidal neurons in the prefrontal cortex of 3 × Tg-AD Mice. Thus, treadmill exercise reduces neuroinflammation, glial cell activation and improves synaptic transmission in the prefrontal cortex in 3 × Tg-AD mice, possibly related to the inhibition of GSK3β kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianwei Mu
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Dongdong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiajia Cai
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Boya Gu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Vladislav Friedman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Qing-Song Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
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Leung HW, Foo G, VanDongen A. Arc Regulates Transcription of Genes for Plasticity, Excitability and Alzheimer’s Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081946. [PMID: 36009494 PMCID: PMC9405677 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The immediate early gene Arc is a master regulator of synaptic function and a critical determinant of memory consolidation. Here, we show that Arc interacts with dynamic chromatin and closely associates with histone markers for active enhancers and transcription in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Both these histone modifications, H3K27Ac and H3K9Ac, have recently been shown to be upregulated in late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). When Arc induction by pharmacological network activation was prevented using a short hairpin RNA, the expression profile was altered for over 1900 genes, which included genes associated with synaptic function, neuronal plasticity, intrinsic excitability, and signalling pathways. Interestingly, about 100 Arc-dependent genes are associated with the pathophysiology of AD. When endogenous Arc expression was induced in HEK293T cells, the transcription of many neuronal genes was increased, suggesting that Arc can control expression in the absence of activated signalling pathways. Taken together, these data establish Arc as a master regulator of neuronal activity-dependent gene expression and suggest that it plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel Foo
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Antonius VanDongen
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Correspondence:
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Yazawa A, Hensley K, Ohshima T. Effects of Lanthionine Ketimine-5-Ethyl Ester on the α-Synucleinopathy Mouse Model. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:2373-2382. [PMID: 35589915 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03626-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Potentially druggable mechanisms underlying synaptic deficits seen in Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are under intense interrogations. In addition to defective synaptic vesicle trafficking, cytoskeletal disruption, autophagic perturbation, and neuroinflammation, hyperphosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2, also known as DPYSL2) is newly determined to correlate with synaptic deficits in human DLB. The small molecule experimental therapeutic, lanthionine ketimine-5-ethyl ester (LKE), appears to interact with CRMP2 in a host of neurodegenerative mouse models, normalizing its phosphorylation level while promoting healthful autophagy in cell culture models and suppressing the proinflammatory phenotype of activated microglia. Accordingly, this study examined the effect of LKE on α-synuclein A53T transgenic (Tg) mice which were employed as a DLB model. We found that chronic administration of LKE to A53T mice suppressed (1) the accumulation of LBs, (2) neuroinflammatory activation of microglia, (3) impairment of contextual fear memory, and (4) CRMP2 phosphorylation at Thr509 in A53T Tg mice. These results suggest that CRMP2 phosphorylation by GSK3β in the hippocampus is related to pathology and memory impairment in DLB, and LKE may have clinical implications in the treatment of α-synucleinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arina Yazawa
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
| | - Kenneth Hensley
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Science, Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine (ARCOM), Fort Smith, AR, 72916, USA
| | - Toshio Ohshima
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan. .,Laboratory for Molecular Brain Science, Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan.
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Khayachi A, Schorova L, Alda M, Rouleau GA, Milnerwood AJ. Posttranslational modifications & lithium's therapeutic effect-Potential biomarkers for clinical responses in psychiatric & neurodegenerative disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:424-445. [PMID: 33971223 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Several neurodegenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders display aberrant posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of one, or many, proteins. Lithium treatment has been used for mood stabilization for many decades, and is highly effective for large subsets of patients with diverse neurological conditions. However, the differential effectiveness and mode of action are not fully understood. In recent years, studies have shown that lithium alters several protein PTMs, altering their function, and consequently neuronal physiology. The impetus for this review is to outline the links between lithium's therapeutic mode of action and PTM homeostasis. We first provide an overview of the principal PTMs affected by lithium. We then describe several neuropsychiatric disorders in which PTMs have been implicated as pathogenic. For each of these conditions, we discuss lithium's clinical use and explore the putative mechanism of how it restores PTM homeostasis, and thereby cellular physiology. Evidence suggests that determining specific PTM patterns could be a promising strategy to develop biomarkers for disease and lithium responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Khayachi
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - L Schorova
- McGill University Health Center Research Institute, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - M Alda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - G A Rouleau
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - A J Milnerwood
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
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Siino V, Jensen P, James P, Vasto S, Amato A, Mulè F, Accardi G, Larsen MR. Obesogenic Diets Cause Alterations on Proteins and Theirs Post-Translational Modifications in Mouse Brains. Nutr Metab Insights 2021; 14:11786388211012405. [PMID: 34017182 PMCID: PMC8114309 DOI: 10.1177/11786388211012405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity constitutes a major global health threat and is associated with a variety of diseases ranging from metabolic and cardiovascular disease, cancer to neurodegeneration. The hallmarks of neurodegeneration include oxidative stress, proteasome impairment, mitochondrial dysfunction and accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates as well as metabolic alterations. As an example, in post-mortem brain of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), several studies have reported reduction of insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 and insulin receptor and an increase in tau protein and glycogen-synthase kinase-3β compared to healthy controls suggesting an impairment of metabolism in the AD patient’s brain. Given these lines of evidence, in the present study we investigated brains of mice treated with 2 obesogenic diets, high-fat diet (HFD) and high-glycaemic diet (HGD), compared to mice fed with a standard diet (SD) employing a quantitative mass spectrometry-based approach. Moreover, post-translational modified proteins (phosphorylated and N-linked glycosylated) were studied. The aim of the study was to identify proteins present in the brain that are changing their expression based on the diet given to the mice. We believed that some of these changes would highlight pathways and molecular mechanisms that could link obesity to brain impairment. The results showed in this study suggest that, together with cytoskeletal proteins, mitochondria and metabolic proteins are changing their post-translational status in brains of obese mice. Specifically, proteins involved in metabolic pathways and in mitochondrial functions are mainly downregulated in mice fed with obesogenic diets compared to SD. These changes suggest a reduced metabolism and a lower activity of mitochondria in obese mice. Some of these proteins, such as PGM1 and MCT1 have been shown to be involved in brain impairment as well. These results might shed light on the well-studied correlation between obesity and brain damage. The results presented here are in agreement with previous findings and aim to open new perspectives on the connection between diet-induced obesity and brain impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pia Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, PR Group, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter James
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Sweden.,Turku Centre for Biotechnology and Åbo Academy University, Turku, Finland
| | - Sonya Vasto
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology 'Alberto Monroy' CNR, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Amato
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Flavia Mulè
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Accardi
- Department of Biopathology and Medical biotechnologies Pathobiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Martin Røssel Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, PR Group, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Low CYB, Lee JH, Lim FTW, Lee C, Ballard C, Francis PT, Lai MKP, Tan MGK. Isoform-specific upregulation of FynT kinase expression is associated with tauopathy and glial activation in Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body dementias. Brain Pathol 2021; 31:253-266. [PMID: 33128789 PMCID: PMC8017997 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cumulative data suggest the involvement of Fyn tyrosine kinase in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previously, our group has shown increased immunoreactivities of the FynT isoform in AD neocortex (with no change in the alternatively spliced FynB isoform) which associated with neurofibrillary degeneration and reactive astrogliosis. Since both the aforementioned neuropathological features are also variably found in Lewy Body dementias (LBD), we investigated potential perturbations of Fyn expression in the post-mortem neocortex of patients with AD, as well as those diagnosed as having one of the two main subgroups of LBD: Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). We found selective upregulation of FynT expression in AD, PDD, and DLB which also correlated with cognitive impairment. Furthermore, increased FynT expression correlated with hallmark neuropathological lesions, soluble β-amyloid, and phosphorylated tau, as well as markers of microglia and astrocyte activation. In line with the human post-mortem studies, cortical FynT expression in aged mice transgenic for human P301S tau was upregulated and further correlated with accumulation of aggregated phosphorylated tau as well as with microglial and astrocytic markers. Our findings provide further evidence for the involvement of FynT in neurodegenerative dementias, likely via effects on tauopathy and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Y. B. Low
- Department of Clinical Translational ResearchSingapore General HospitalOutramSingapore
| | - Jasinda H. Lee
- Department of PharmacologyYong Loo Lin School of MedicineKent RidgeSingapore
| | - Frances T. W. Lim
- Department of Clinical Translational ResearchSingapore General HospitalOutramSingapore
| | - Chingli Lee
- Department of Clinical Translational ResearchSingapore General HospitalOutramSingapore
| | - Clive Ballard
- Institute for Health ResearchUniversity of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUK
| | - Paul T. Francis
- Institute for Health ResearchUniversity of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUK
- Wolfson Centre for Age‐Related DiseasesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Mitchell K. P. Lai
- Department of PharmacologyYong Loo Lin School of MedicineKent RidgeSingapore
- Institute for Health ResearchUniversity of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUK
- Wolfson Centre for Age‐Related DiseasesKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Michelle G. K. Tan
- Department of Clinical Translational ResearchSingapore General HospitalOutramSingapore
- Department of PharmacologyYong Loo Lin School of MedicineKent RidgeSingapore
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Lyu J, Long X, Xie T, Jiang G, Jiang J, Ye L, Li Q. Copper oxide nanoparticles promote α-synuclein oligomerization and underlying neurotoxicity as a model of Parkinson's disease. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.115051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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11
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Hou ST. The regulatory and enzymatic functions of CRMPs in neuritogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and gene transcription. Neurochem Int 2020; 139:104795. [PMID: 32652266 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs) are ubiquitously expressed in neurons from worms to humans. A cardinal feature of CRMPs is to mediate growth cone collapse in response to Semaphorin-3A signaling through interactions with cytoskeletal proteins. These are critical regulatory roles that CRMPs play during neuritogenesis and neural network formation. Through post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, O-GlcNAcylation, SUMOylation, and proteolytic cleavage, CRMPs participate in synaptic plasticity by modulating NMDA receptors, L- and N-type voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs), thus affecting neurotransmitter release. CRMPs also possess histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, which deacetylates histone H4 during neuronal death. Calcium-dependent proteolytic cleavage of CRMPs results in the truncation of CRMPs, producing a large 54 kD fragment (p54). Translocation of the p54 fragment into the nucleus leads to deacetylation of nuclear histone H4 and de-repression of transcription factor E2F1 expression. Increased expression of E2F1 elevates the expression of genes in cell cycle and death. These new and exciting studies lead to the realization that CRMPs are multifunctional proteins with both regulatory and enzymatic functions. Increasing numbers of studies associate these functions of CRMPs with the development of mental and neurological disorders, such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer's diseases, brain trauma, and stroke. This review focuses on new evidence showing the regulatory and enzymatic functions of CRMPs and highlights recent understandings of CRMPs' roles in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Tao Hou
- Brain Research Centre and Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518055, PR China; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Quach TT, Moutal A, Khanna R, Deems NP, Duchemin AM, Barrientos RM. Collapsin Response Mediator Proteins: Novel Targets for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 77:949-960. [PMID: 32804096 PMCID: PMC7579750 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Numerous experimental and postmortem studies have increasingly reported dystrophic axons and dendrites, and alterations of dendritic spine morphology and density in the hippocampus as prominent changes in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Furthermore, these alterations tend to correlate well with the progressive cognitive decline observed in AD. For these reasons, and because these neurite structures have a capacity to re-grow, re-establish lost connections, and are critical for learning and memory, there is compelling evidence to suggest that therapeutic interventions aimed at preventing their degradation or promoting their regrowth may hold tremendous promise in preventing the progression of AD. In this regard, collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs), a family of phosphoproteins playing a major role in axon guidance and dendritic growth, are especially interesting. The roles these proteins play in neurons and immune cells are reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tam T. Quach
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Aubin Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Nicholas P. Deems
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Duchemin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ruth M. Barrientos
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Chronic Brain Injury Program, Discovery Themes Initiative, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Lin FY, Lin YF, Lin YS, Yang CM, Wang CC, Hsiao YH. Relative D3 vitamin deficiency and consequent cognitive impairment in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease: Potential involvement of collapsin response mediator protein-2. Neuropharmacology 2019; 164:107910. [PMID: 31838171 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) starts with memory impairments that can be observed before the appearance of significant neuropathology; thus, identifying mechanisms to stop AD progression is an urgent priority. Epidemiological and clinical data show that the consequences of vitamin D deficiency are relevant to disease risk and can be observed in the progression of many diseases, especially AD, whereas higher serum levels of vitamin D are associated with better cognitive test performance. However, the potential therapeutic strategy and underlying mechanisms of vitamin D supplementation against AD still need to be further investigated. In the present study, we found that 3xTg-AD mice with vitamin D supplementation exhibited an increase in serum vitamin D concentrations and improved cognition. We measured serum vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) concentrations and found that serum VDBP levels were increased in 3xTg-AD mice compared to B6129S control mice, but there was no significant difference between control- and vitamin D-treated 3xTg-AD groups. The vitamin D-mediated memory improvement may be accompanied by the suppression of increased hippocampal collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP2) phosphorylation, and the restoration of CRMP2 phosphorylation by okadaic acid (OA) could abolish the beneficial effects of vitamin D. In addition, we found that CRMP2 was associated with NR2B and PSD-95 in 3xTg-AD mice with vitamin D supplementation. This CRMP2-NR2B interaction could be disrupted by a TAT-CBD3 peptide or OA, leading to attenuated memory protection in vitamin D-treated 3xTg-AD mice. Therefore, CRMP2 may be involved in vitamin D-mediated memory improvement in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Yu Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fen Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Shuen Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Yang
- Department of Neurology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Clinical Competency Center, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Che-Chuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Center for General Education, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hsin Hsiao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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14
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Moutal A, White KA, Chefdeville A, Laufmann RN, Vitiello PF, Feinstein D, Weimer JM, Khanna R. Dysregulation of CRMP2 Post-Translational Modifications Drive Its Pathological Functions. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:6736-6755. [PMID: 30915713 PMCID: PMC6728212 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1568-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Collapsin response mediator proteins (CRMPs) are a family of ubiquitously expressed, homologous phosphoproteins best known for coordinating cytoskeletal formation and regulating cellular division, migration, polarity, and synaptic connection. CRMP2, the most studied of the five family members, is best known for its affinity for tubulin heterodimers and function in regulating the microtubule network. These functions are tightly regulated by post-translational modifications including phosphorylation, SUMOylation, oxidation, and O-GlcNAcylation. While CRMP2's physiological functions rely mostly on its non-phosphorylated state, dysregulation of CRMP2 phosphorylation and SUMOylation has been reported to be involved in the pathophysiology of multiple diseases including cancer, chronic pain, spinal cord injury, neurofibromatosis type 1, and others. Here, we provide a consolidated update on what is known about CRMP2 signaling and function, first focusing on axonal growth and neuronal polarity, then illustrating the link between dysregulated CRMP2 post-translational modifications and diseases. We additionally discuss the roles of CRMP2 in non-neuronal cells, both in the CNS and regions of the periphery. Finally, we offer thoughts on the therapeutic implications of modulating CRMP2 function in a variety of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubin Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Drive, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Katherine A White
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, 2301 E 60th St N, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Aude Chefdeville
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Drive, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Rachel N Laufmann
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, 2301 E 60th St N, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA
| | - Peter F Vitiello
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Drive, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Douglas Feinstein
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jill M Weimer
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Drive, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Drive, P.O. Box 245050, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
- Pediatrics and Rare Diseases Group, Sanford Research, 2301 E 60th St N, Sioux Falls, SD, 57104, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- The Center for Innovation in Brain Sciences, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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15
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Yang Z, Kuboyama T, Tohda C. Naringenin promotes microglial
M2
polarization and
Aβ
degradation enzyme expression. Phytother Res 2019; 33:1114-1121. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyou Yang
- Division of Neuromedical Science, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural MedicineUniversity of Toyama Toyama Japan
- Research Institute and Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and TechnologyGuangdong Ocean University Zhanjiang China
| | - Tomoharu Kuboyama
- Division of Neuromedical Science, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural MedicineUniversity of Toyama Toyama Japan
| | - Chihiro Tohda
- Division of Neuromedical Science, Department of Bioscience, Institute of Natural MedicineUniversity of Toyama Toyama Japan
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16
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Francis PT, Hayes GM, Costello H, Whitfield DR. Brains for Dementia Research: The Importance of Cohorts in Brain Banking. Neurosci Bull 2019; 35:289-294. [PMID: 30604278 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-018-0327-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Francis
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Gillian M Hayes
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Helen Costello
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - David R Whitfield
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
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17
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Moutal A, Kalinin S, Kowal K, Marangoni N, Dupree J, Lin SX, Lis K, Lisi L, Hensley K, Khanna R, Feinstein DL. Neuronal Conditional Knockout of Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 2 Ameliorates Disease Severity in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis. ASN Neuro 2019; 11:1759091419892090. [PMID: 31795726 PMCID: PMC6893573 DOI: 10.1177/1759091419892090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that treatment with lanthionine ketimine ethyl ester (LKE) reduced disease severity and axonal damage in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of multiple sclerosis and increased neuronal maturation and survival in vitro . A major target of LKE is collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2), suggesting this protein may mediate LKE actions. We now show that conditional knockout of CRMP2 from neurons using a CamK2a promoter to drive Cre recombinase expression reduces disease severity in the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35–55 EAE model, associated with decreased spinal cord axonal damage, and less glial activation in the cerebellum, but not the spinal cord. Immunohistochemical staining and quantitative polymerase chain reaction show CRMP2 depletion from descending motor neurons in the motor cortex, but not from spinal cord neurons, suggesting that the benefits of CRMP2 depletion on EAE may stem from effects on upper motor neurons. In addition, mice in which CRMP2 S522 phosphorylation was prevented by substitution for an alanine residue also showed reduced EAE severity. These results show that modification of CRMP2 expression and phosphorylation can influence the course of EAE and suggests that treatment with CRMP2 modulators such as LKE act in part by reducing CRMP2 S522 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kinga Lis
- University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lucia Lisi
- Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome,
Italy
| | - Kenneth Hensley
- Arkansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Smith,
AR, USA
| | | | - Douglas L. Feinstein
- University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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18
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Fujiwara H, Yoshida J, Dibwe DF, Awale S, Hoshino H, Kohama H, Arai H, Kudo Y, Matsumoto K. Orengedokuto and san'oshashinto improve memory deficits by inhibiting aging-dependent activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β. J Tradit Complement Med 2018; 9:328-335. [PMID: 31453129 PMCID: PMC6702137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim The aging-dependent activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) has been suggested to be important in the onset of dementia. To discover novel therapeutic Kampo medicines for dementia, we examined the effects of orengedokuto (OGT; 黃連解毒湯 huáng lián jiědú tāng) and san'oshashinto (SST; 三黃瀉心湯 sān huáng xiè xīn tāng) on memory deficits and GSK-3β activity in senescence-accelerated prone mice (SAMP8). Experimental procedure The object recognition test (ORT) and conditioned fear memory test (CFT) were employed to elucidate short-term working memory and long-term fear memory. The activity of GSK-3β and the phosphorylation of related molecules were measured using a kinase assay and Western blotting. Results and conclusion OGT and SST attenuated memory deficits in SAMP8 in ORT, but not in CFT. In ex vivo experiments, cortical GSK-3β activity was significantly stronger in SAMP8 than in SAMR1. The enhanced cortical GSK-3β activity in SAMP8 was accompanied by a significant increase in the level of phosphorylated collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP2), an important factor that is involved in the regulation of microtubule stability. OGT and SST attenuated not only increases in cortical GSK-3β activity, but also the levels of phosphorylated CRMP2 in SAMP8. In vitro experiments, flavonoids contained in these kampo medicines, inhibited GSK-3β activity in concentration-dependent manners. These results suggest that OGT and SST prevent aging-induced short-term working memory deficits by inhibiting aging-dependent elevations in the cortical GSK-3β activity and subsequent CRMP2 phosphorylation. OGT and SST attenuated short-term working memory deficits in SAMP8. Age-dependent cortical GSK-3β activation was suppressed by OGT and SST. OGT and SST also attenuated the levels of phosphorylated CRMP2 in SAMP8.
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Key Words
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- Alzheimer's disease
- BPSD, behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia
- CFT, conditioned fear memory test
- CRMP2, collapsin response mediator protein-2
- Collapsin response mediator protein-2
- GSK-3β, glycogen synthase kinase-3β
- Glycogen synthase kinase-3β
- OGT, orengedokuto
- ORT, object recognition test
- Orengedokuto
- SAMP8, senescence-accelerated prone mice 8
- SAMR1, senescence-accelerated prone mice-resistant
- SST, san'oshashinto
- san'oshashinto
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Yoshida
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Dya Fita Dibwe
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Suresh Awale
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Haruka Hoshino
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kohama
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Arai
- Department of Geriatric and Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukitsuka Kudo
- Department of Geriatric and Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kinzo Matsumoto
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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19
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Brekk OR, Makridakis M, Mavroeidi P, Vlahou A, Xilouri M, Stefanis L. Impairment of chaperone-mediated autophagy affects neuronal homeostasis through altered expression of DJ-1 and CRMP-2 proteins. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 95:1-12. [PMID: 30562574 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a substrate-specific mode of lysosomal proteolysis, with multiple lines of evidence connecting its dysfunction to both ageing and disease. We have recently shown that CMA impairment through knock-down of the lysosomal receptor LAMP2A is detrimental to neuronal viability in vivo; however, it is not clear which subset of proteins regulated by the CMA pathway mediate such changes. In this study, we have manipulated CMA function through alterations of LAMP2A abundance in primary rat cortical neurons, to identify potential changes to the neuronal proteome occurring prior to neurotoxic effects. We have identified a list of proteins with significant, >2-fold change in abundance following our manipulations, of which PARK7/DJ-1 - an anti-oxidant implicated in hereditary forms of Parkinson's Disease (PD), and DPYSL2/CRMP-2 - a microtubule-binding phosphoprotein involved in schizophrenia pathogenesis - were both found to have measurable effects on neuronal homeostasis and phenotype. Taken together, this study describes alterations in the abundance of neuronal proteins involved in neuropsychiatric disorders upon CMA manipulation, and suggests that such alterations may in part be responsible for the neurodegeneration observed upon CMA impairment in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oeystein Roed Brekk
- Center of Clinical Research, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece; University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Manousos Makridakis
- Biotechnology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Mavroeidi
- Center of Clinical Research, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Biotechnology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Xilouri
- Center of Clinical Research, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Leonidas Stefanis
- Center of Clinical Research, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece; Second Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.
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20
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Corneal myofibroblasts inhibit regenerating nerves during wound healing. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12945. [PMID: 30154512 PMCID: PMC6113331 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30964-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal nerve regeneration often follows corneal injury, predisposing patients to pain, dry eye and vision loss. Yet, we lack a mechanistic understanding of this process. A key event in corneal wounds is the differentiation of keratocytes into fibroblasts and scar-forming myofibroblasts. Here, we show for the first time that regenerating nerves avoid corneal regions populated by myofibroblasts in vivo. Recreating this interaction in vitro, we find neurite outgrowth delayed when myofibroblasts but not fibroblasts, are co-cultured with sensory neurons. After neurites elongated sufficiently, contact inhibition was observed with myofibroblasts, but not fibroblasts. Reduced neurite outgrowth in vitro appeared mediated by transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) secreted by myofibroblasts, which increased phosphorylation of collapsin response mediating protein 2 (CRMP2) in neurons. The significance of this mechanism was further tested by applying Mitomycin C after photorefractive keratectomy to decrease myofibroblast differentiation. This generated earlier repopulation of the ablation zone by intra-epithelial and sub-basal nerves. Our findings suggest that attaining proper, rapid corneal nerve regeneration after injury may require blocking myofibroblast differentiation and/or TGF-β during wound healing. They also highlight hitherto undefined myofibroblast-neuron signaling processes capable of restricting neurite outgrowth in the cornea and other tissues where scars and nerves co-exist.
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21
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Abstract
This article reviews current treatment strategies and recent advances for the Lewy body dementias (LBDs). Current available symptom treatment strategies are based on monoaminergic, cholinergic and glutaminergic neurotransmitter systems. Relatively robust evidence exists for cholinesterase inhibitors for cognitive impairment in LBD and in Parkinson's disease for antidepressants, clozapine and recently pimavanserin for psychosis. interpidine (RVT 101) and nelotanserin are currently under investigation. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as cognitive stimulation, physical exercises and neuromodulation strategies, may be useful in Parkinson's disease but have not yet been tested in dementias. Disease-modifying approaches are aimed at preventing, slowing or ameliorating the production, aggregation and deposition of pathological proteins, including immunotherapy targeting α-synuclein and an ongoing trial using ambroxol which increases glucocerebrosidase activity to lower the levels of the protein alpha-synuclein. Other disease-modifying clinical trials are using agents to augment insulin signalling, stem cell therapy, reducing amyloid pathology and gene therapy.
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22
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Chong JR, Chai YL, Lee JH, Howlett D, Attems J, Ballard CG, Aarsland D, Francis PT, Chen CP, Lai MKP. Increased Transforming Growth Factor β2 in the Neocortex of Alzheimer's Disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies is Correlated with Disease Severity and Soluble Aβ42 Load. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 56:157-166. [PMID: 27911312 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Of the three transforming growth factor (TGF)-β isoforms known, TGFβ1 deficits have been widely reported in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and studied as a potential therapeutic target. In contrast, the status of TGFβ2, which has been shown to mediate amyloid-β (Aβ)-mediated neuronal death, are unclear both in AD and in Lewy body dementias (LBD) with differential neuritic plaque and neurofibrillary tangle burden. OBJECTIVE To measure neocortical TGFβ2 levels and their correlations with neuropathological and clinical markers of disease severity in a well-characterized cohort of AD as well as two clinical subtypes of LBD, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), known to manifest relatively high and low Aβ plaque burden, respectively. METHODS Postmortem samples from temporal cortex (BA21) were measured for TGFβ2 using a Luminex-based platform, and correlated with scores for neuritic plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, α-synuclein pathology, dementia severity (as measured by annual decline of Mini-Mental State Examination scores) as well as soluble and total fractions of brain Aβ42. RESULTS TGFβ2 was significantly increased in AD and DLB, but not in PDD. TGFβ2 also correlated with scores for neurofibrillary tangles, Lewy bodies (within the LBD group), dementia severity, and soluble Aβ42 concentration, but not with neuritic plaque scores, total Aβ42, or monomeric α-synuclein immunoreactivity. CONCLUSIONS TGFβ2 is increased in the temporal cortex of AD and DLB, and its correlations with neuropathological and clinical markers of disease severity as well as with soluble Aβ42 load suggest a potential pathogenic role in mediating the neurotoxicity of non-fibrillar Aβ. Our study also indicates the potential utility of targeting TGFβ2 in pharmacotherapeutic approaches to AD and DLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce R Chong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuek Ling Chai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jasinda H Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Howlett
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Johannes Attems
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Clive G Ballard
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Department of Neurobiology, Ward Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Paul T Francis
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher P Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mitchell K P Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
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23
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Mokhtar SH, Kim MJ, Magee KA, Aui PM, Thomas S, Bakhuraysah MM, Alrehaili AA, Lee JY, Steer DL, Kenny R, McLean C, Azari MF, Birpanagos A, Lipiec E, Heraud P, Wood B, Petratos S. Amyloid-beta-dependent phosphorylation of collapsin response mediator protein-2 dissociates kinesin in Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:1066-1080. [PMID: 29926835 PMCID: PMC6022475 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.233451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Prior to the development of these characteristic pathological hallmarks of AD, anterograde axonal transport is impaired. However, the key proteins that initiate these intracellular impairments remain elusive. The collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP-2) plays an integral role in kinesin-1-dependent axonal transport and there is evidence that phosphorylation of CRMP-2 releases kinesin-1. Here, we tested the hypothesis that amyloid-beta (Aβ)-dependent phosphorylation of CRMP-2 disrupts its association with the kinesin-1 (an anterograde axonal motor transport protein) in AD. We found that brain sections and lysates from AD patients demonstrated elevated phosphorylation of CRMP-2 at the T555 site. Additionally, in the transgenic Tg2576 mouse model of familial AD (FAD) that exhibits Aβ accumulation in the brain with age, we found substantial co-localization of pT555CRMP-2 and dystrophic neurites. In SH-SY5Y differentiated neuronal cultures, Aβ-dependent phosphorylation of CRMP-2 at the T555 site was also elevated and this reduced the CRMP-2 association with kinesin-1. The overexpression of an unphosphorylatable form of CRMP-2 in neurons promoted the re-establishment of CRMP-2-kinesin association and axon elongation. These data suggest that Aβ-dependent phosphorylation of CRMP-2 at the T555 site may directly impair anterograde axonal transport protein function, leading to neuronal defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara H Mokhtar
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
| | - Min Joung Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kylie A Magee
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pei Mun Aui
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
| | - Speros Thomas
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maha M Bakhuraysah
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amani A Alrehaili
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jae Young Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
| | - David L Steer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel Kenny
- Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catriona McLean
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael F Azari
- Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton; School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Antonis Birpanagos
- Division of Animal and Human Physiology, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Ilisia, Athens, Greece
| | - Ewlina Lipiec
- The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Applied Spectroscopy, Radzikowskiego, Krakow, Poland
| | - Philip Heraud
- Centre for Biospectroscopy and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bayden Wood
- Centre for Biospectroscopy and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven Petratos
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Prahran, Victoria, Australia
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24
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Colom-Cadena M, Pegueroles J, Herrmann AG, Henstridge CM, Muñoz L, Querol-Vilaseca M, Martín-Paniello CS, Luque-Cabecerans J, Clarimon J, Belbin O, Núñez-Llaves R, Blesa R, Smith C, McKenzie CA, Frosch MP, Roe A, Fortea J, Andilla J, Loza-Alvarez P, Gelpi E, Hyman BT, Spires-Jones TL, Lleó A. Synaptic phosphorylated α-synuclein in dementia with Lewy bodies. Brain 2017; 140:3204-3214. [PMID: 29177427 PMCID: PMC5841145 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia with Lewy bodies is characterized by the accumulation of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites in the CNS, both of which are composed mainly of aggregated α-synuclein phosphorylated at Ser129. Although phosphorylated α-synuclein is believed to exert toxic effects at the synapse in dementia with Lewy bodies and other α-synucleinopathies, direct evidence for the precise synaptic localization has been difficult to achieve due to the lack of adequate optical microscopic resolution to study human synapses. In the present study we applied array tomography, a microscopy technique that combines ultrathin sectioning of tissue with immunofluorescence allowing precise identification of small structures, to quantitatively investigate the synaptic phosphorylated α-synuclein pathology in dementia with Lewy bodies. We performed array tomography on human brain samples from five patients with dementia with Lewy bodies, five patients with Alzheimer's disease and five healthy control subjects to analyse the presence of phosphorylated α-synuclein immunoreactivity at the synapse and their relationship with synapse size. Main analyses were performed in blocks from cingulate cortex and confirmed in blocks from the striatum of cases with dementia with Lewy bodies. A total of 1 318 700 single pre- or postsynaptic terminals were analysed. We found that phosphorylated α-synuclein is present exclusively in dementia with Lewy bodies cases, where it can be identified in the form of Lewy bodies, Lewy neurites and small aggregates (<0.16 µm3). Between 19% and 25% of phosphorylated α-synuclein deposits were found in presynaptic terminals mainly in the form of small aggregates. Synaptic terminals that co-localized with small aggregates of phosphorylated α-synuclein were significantly larger than those that did not. Finally, a gradient of phosphorylated α-synuclein aggregation in synapses (pre > pre + post > postsynaptic) was observed. These results indicate that phosphorylated α-synuclein is found at the presynaptic terminals of dementia with Lewy bodies cases mainly in the form of small phosphorylated α-synuclein aggregates that are associated with changes in synaptic morphology. Overall, our data support the notion that pathological phosphorylated α-synuclein may disrupt the structure and function of the synapse in dementia with Lewy bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martí Colom-Cadena
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Pegueroles
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Abigail G Herrmann
- The University of Edinburgh, UK Dementia Research Institute, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Neuroscience, Euan MacDonald Centre, and Centre for Dementia Prevention, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Christopher M Henstridge
- The University of Edinburgh, UK Dementia Research Institute, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Neuroscience, Euan MacDonald Centre, and Centre for Dementia Prevention, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Laia Muñoz
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Querol-Vilaseca
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carla San Martín-Paniello
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Luque-Cabecerans
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Clarimon
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Olivia Belbin
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Núñez-Llaves
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Blesa
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Colin Smith
- University of Edinburgh, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Matthew P Frosch
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Allyson Roe
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Juan Fortea
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Andilla
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Loza-Alvarez
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ellen Gelpi
- Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobanc-Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS, Barcelona Spain
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Tara L Spires-Jones
- The University of Edinburgh, UK Dementia Research Institute, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Neuroscience, Euan MacDonald Centre, and Centre for Dementia Prevention, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau - Hospital de Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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Collapsin response mediator protein 2: high-resolution crystal structure sheds light on small-molecule binding, post-translational modifications, and conformational flexibility. Amino Acids 2017; 49:747-759. [PMID: 28044206 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2376-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP-2) is a neuronal protein involved in axonal pathfinding. Intense research is focusing on its role in various neurological diseases. Despite a wealth of studies, not much is known about the molecular mechanisms of CRMP-2 function in vivo. The detailed structure-function relationships of CRMP-2 have also largely remained unknown, in part due to the fact that the available crystal structures lack the C-terminal tail, which is known to be a target for many post-translational modifications and protein interactions. Although CRMP-2, and other CRMPs, belong to the dihydropyrimidinase family, they have lost the enzymatic active site. Drug candidates for CRMP-2-related processes have come up during the recent years, but no reports of CRMP-2 complexes with small molecules have emerged. Here, CRMP-2 was studied at 1.25-Å resolution using X-ray crystallography. In addition, ligands were docked into the homotetrameric structure, and the C-terminal tail of CRMP-2 was produced recombinantly and analyzed. We have obtained the human CRMP-2 crystal structure at atomic resolution and could identify small-molecule binding pockets in the protein. Structures obtained in different crystal forms highlight flexible regions near possible ligand-binding pockets. We also used the CRMP-2 structure to analyze known or suggested post-translational modifications at the 3D structural level. The high-resolution CRMP-2 structure was also used for docking experiments with the sulfur amino acid metabolite lanthionine ketimine and its ester. We show that the C-terminal tail is intrinsically disordered, but it has conserved segments that may act as interaction sites. Our data provide the most accurate structural data on CRMPs to date and will be useful in further computational and experimental studies on CRMP-2, its function, and its binding to small-molecule ligands.
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