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Huckestein BR, Antos D, Manni ML, Zeng K, Miller LM, Parenteau KL, Gelhaus SL, Mullett SJ, Shoemaker JE, Alcorn JF. Sex-based differences in persistent lung inflammation following influenza infection of juvenile outbred mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 327:L189-L202. [PMID: 38810239 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00407.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Children are susceptible to influenza infections and can experience severe disease presentation due to a lack of or limited pre-existing immunity. Despite the disproportionate impact influenza has on this population, there is a lack of focus on pediatric influenza research, particularly when it comes to identifying the pathogenesis of long-term outcomes that persist beyond the point of viral clearance. In this study, juvenile outbred male and female mice were infected with influenza and analyzed following viral clearance to determine how sex impacts the persistent inflammatory responses to influenza. It was found that females maintained a broader cytokine response in the lung following clearance of influenza, with innate, type I and type II cytokine signatures in almost all mice. Males, on the other hand, had higher levels of IL-6 and other macrophage-related cytokines, but no evidence of a type I or type II response. The immune landscape was similar in the lungs between males and females postinfection, but males had a higher regulatory T cell to TH1 ratio compared with female mice. Cytokine production positively correlated with the frequency of TH1 cells and exudate macrophages, as well as the number of cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Furthermore, female lungs were enriched for metabolites involved in the glycolytic pathway, suggesting glycolysis is higher in female lungs compared with males after viral clearance. These data suggest juvenile female mice have persistent and excessive lung inflammation beyond the point of viral clearance, whereas juvenile males had a more immunosuppressive phenotype.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study identifies sex-based differences in persistent lung inflammation following influenza infection in an outbred, juvenile animal model of pediatric infection. These findings indicate the importance of considering sex and age as variable in infectious disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brydie R Huckestein
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Danielle Antos
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Michelle L Manni
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Kelly Zeng
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Leigh M Miller
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Kristen L Parenteau
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Stacy L Gelhaus
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Steven J Mullett
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jason E Shoemaker
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - John F Alcorn
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
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Brogaard L, Heegaard PMH, Larsen LE, Skovgaard K. Pulmonary MicroRNA expression after heterologous challenge with swine influenza A virus (H1N2) in immunized and non-immunized pigs. Virology 2024; 596:110117. [PMID: 38797064 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to post-transcriptional modulation of the host response during influenza A virus (IAV) infection and may be involved in shaping disease severity. Differential disease severity was achieved in two groups of pigs by immunization of one group with a commercial swine IAV vaccine prior to heterologous IAV (H1N2) challenge of both groups. Lung tissue was harvested 1, 3, and 14 days after challenge and miRNA expression was quantified. Gene Ontology term enrichment analysis was employed to examine the functional relevance of genes potentially regulated by differentially expressed miRNAs in pigs with varying degrees of disease severity following IAV infection. Results suggested that the miRNA response associated with less severe disease may modulate host mechanisms essential for viral life cycle, e.g. transcription, translation, and protein trafficking. During more severe disease, miRNA-mediated regulation may focus on dampening virus-specific processes e.g. virion assembly and viral protein processing, and controlling host metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Brogaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Peter M H Heegaard
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lars E Larsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Kerstin Skovgaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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3
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Marchal A, Cirulli ET, Neveux I, Bellos E, Thwaites RS, Schiabor Barrett KM, Zhang Y, Nemes-Bokun I, Kalinova M, Catchpole A, Tangye SG, Spaan AN, Lack JB, Ghosn J, Burdet C, Gorochov G, Tubach F, Hausfater P, Dalgard CL, Zhang SY, Zhang Q, Chiu C, Fellay J, Grzymski JJ, Sancho-Shimizu V, Abel L, Casanova JL, Cobat A, Bolze A. Lack of association between classical HLA genes and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. HGG ADVANCES 2024; 5:100300. [PMID: 38678364 PMCID: PMC11215417 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2024.100300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Human genetic studies of critical COVID-19 pneumonia have revealed the essential role of type I interferon-dependent innate immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conversely, an association between the HLA-B∗15:01 allele and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in unvaccinated individuals was recently reported, suggesting a contribution of pre-existing T cell-dependent adaptive immunity. We report a lack of association of classical HLA alleles, including HLA-B∗15:01, with pre-omicron asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in unvaccinated participants in a prospective population-based study in the United States (191 asymptomatic vs. 945 symptomatic COVID-19 cases). Moreover, we found no such association in the international COVID Human Genetic Effort cohort (206 asymptomatic vs. 574 mild or moderate COVID-19 cases and 1,625 severe or critical COVID-19 cases). Finally, in the Human Challenge Characterisation study, the three HLA-B∗15:01 individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 developed symptoms. As with other acute primary infections studied, no classical HLA alleles favoring an asymptomatic course of SARS-CoV-2 infection were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Marchal
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France; University Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | | | - Iva Neveux
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Evangelos Bellos
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ryan S Thwaites
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ivana Nemes-Bokun
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Stuart G Tangye
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - András N Spaan
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Justin B Lack
- NIAID Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jade Ghosn
- Infection, Antimicrobials, Modelling, Evolution (IAME), INSERM, UMR1137, University Paris Cité, Paris, France; AP-HP, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Paris, France
| | - Charles Burdet
- Infection, Antimicrobials, Modelling, Evolution (IAME), INSERM, UMR1137, University Paris Cité, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, INSERM CIC 1425, Paris, France; Département Epidémiologie, Biostatistiques et Recherche Clinique, Hôpital Bichat, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Guy Gorochov
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Département d'immunologie Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Florence Tubach
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Santé Publique, Unitéde Recherche Clinique PSL-CFX, CIC-1901, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Hausfater
- Emergency Department, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP-Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; GRC-14 BIOSFAST Sorbonne Université, UMR INSERM 1135, CIMI, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Clifton L Dalgard
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shen-Ying Zhang
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France; University Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qian Zhang
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France; University Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Chiu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jacques Fellay
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland; Precision Medicine Unit, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joseph J Grzymski
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA; Renown Health, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Vanessa Sancho-Shimizu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK; Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Laurent Abel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France; University Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France; University Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aurélie Cobat
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France; University Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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Mørup SB, Leung P, Reilly C, Sherman BT, Chang W, Milojevic M, Milinkovic A, Liappis A, Borgwardt L, Petoumenos K, Paredes R, Mistry SS, MacPherson CR, Lundgren J, Helleberg M, Reekie J, Murray DD. The association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms within type 1 interferon pathway genes and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 viral load in antiretroviral-naïve participants. AIDS Res Ther 2024; 21:27. [PMID: 38698440 PMCID: PMC11067292 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-024-00610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human genetic contribution to HIV progression remains inadequately explained. The type 1 interferon (IFN) pathway is important for host control of HIV and variation in type 1 IFN genes may contribute to disease progression. This study assessed the impact of variations at the gene and pathway level of type 1 IFN on HIV-1 viral load (VL). METHODS Two cohorts of antiretroviral (ART) naïve participants living with HIV (PLWH) with either early (START) or advanced infection (FIRST) were analysed separately. Type 1 IFN genes (n = 17) and receptor subunits (IFNAR1, IFNAR2) were examined for both cumulated type 1 IFN pathway analysis and individual gene analysis. SKAT-O was applied to detect associations between the genotype and HIV-1 study entry viral load (log10 transformed) as a proxy for set point VL; P-values were corrected using Bonferroni (P < 0.0025). RESULTS The analyses among those with early infection included 2429 individuals from five continents. The median study entry HIV VL was 14,623 (IQR 3460-45100) copies/mL. Across 673 SNPs within 19 type 1 IFN genes, no significant association with study entry VL was detected. Conversely, examining individual genes in START showed a borderline significant association between IFNW1, and study entry VL (P = 0.0025). This significance remained after separate adjustments for age, CD4+ T-cell count, CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratio and recent infection. When controlling for population structure using linear mixed effects models (LME), in addition to principal components used in the main model, this was no longer significant (p = 0.0244). In subgroup analyses stratified by geographical region, the association between IFNW1 and study entry VL was only observed among African participants, although, the association was not significant when controlling for population structure using LME. Of the 17 SNPs within the IFNW1 region, only rs79876898 (A > G) was associated with study entry VL (p = 0.0020, beta = 0.32; G associated with higher study entry VL than A) in single SNP association analyses. The findings were not reproduced in FIRST participants. CONCLUSION Across 19 type 1 IFN genes, only IFNW1 was associated with HIV-1 study entry VL in a cohort of ART-naïve individuals in early stages of their infection, however, this was no longer significant in sensitivity analyses that controlled for population structures using LME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bohnstedt Mørup
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity, and Infections, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Preston Leung
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity, and Infections, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cavan Reilly
- Division of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Brad T Sherman
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Weizhong Chang
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Maja Milojevic
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity, and Infections, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ana Milinkovic
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Angelike Liappis
- Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center and The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Line Borgwardt
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kathy Petoumenos
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roger Paredes
- Department of Infectious Diseases and IrsiCaixa, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Shweta S Mistry
- Division of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Cameron R MacPherson
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity, and Infections, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institut Roche, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Jens Lundgren
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity, and Infections, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Helleberg
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity, and Infections, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joanne Reekie
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity, and Infections, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel D Murray
- Centre of Excellence for Health, Immunity, and Infections, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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5
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Lu YH, Wang M, Lin JQ, Wang MY, Zhou LY, He SH, Yi YT, Wei X, Huang QJ, Su ZH, Yang J, Guo HW, He RR, Luo Z. Fufang Luohanguo Qingfei granules reduces influenza virus susceptibility via MAVS-dependent type I interferon antiviral signaling. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 324:117780. [PMID: 38278377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fufang Luohanguo Qingfei granules (LQG) is a Chinese patent medicine, clinically used to treat flu-like symptoms including cough with yellow phlegm, impeded phlegm, dry throat and tongue. However, the protective activity of LQG against influenza infection is indeterminate. AIM OF THE STUDY This study is to investigate the therapeutic effect of LQG on influenza infection and elucidate its underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo: A viral susceptible mouse model induced by restraint stress was established to investigate LQG's beneficial effects on influenza susceptibility. MAVS knockout (Mavs-/-) mice were used to verify the potential mechanism of LQG. In vitro: Corticosteroid (CORT)-treated A549 cells were employed to identify the active ingredients in LQG. Mice morbidity and mortality were monitored daily for 21 days. Histopathologic changes and inflammatory cytokines in lung tissues were examined by H&E staining and ELISA. RNA-seq was used to explore the signaling pathway influenced by LQG and further confirmed by qPCR. Immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to determine the protein levels. CO-IP and DARTS were applied to detect protein-protein interaction and compound-protein interaction, respectively. RESULTS LQG effectively attenuated the susceptibility of restrained mice to H1N1 infection. LQG significantly boosted the production of IFN-β transduced by mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS), while MAVS deficiency abrogated its protective effects on restrained mice infected with H1N1. Moreover, in vitro studies further revealed that mogroside Ⅱ B, amygdalin, and luteolin are potentially active components of LQG. CONCLUSION These results suggested that LQG inhibited the mitofusin 2 (Mfn2)-mediated ubiquitination of MAVS by impeding the E3 ligase synoviolin 1 (SYVN1) recruitment, thereby enhancing IFN-β antiviral response. Overall, our work elaborates a potential regimen for influenza treatment through reduction of stress-induced susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hui Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Precision Detection and Screening, Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening of Guangxi Education Department, China
| | - Min Wang
- Hainan General Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Haikou, 570311, China
| | - Jin-Quan Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Mu-Yang Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Li-Ying Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Song-Hua He
- Guangxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yu-Ting Yi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xia Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Qiu-Ju Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Precision Detection and Screening, Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening of Guangxi Education Department, China
| | - Zhi-Heng Su
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Hong-Wei Guo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Rong-Rong He
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine & Disease Susceptibility, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 612505, China.
| | - Zhuo Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules Research and Evaluation, College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Precision Detection and Screening, Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoscale Bioanalysis and Drug Screening of Guangxi Education Department, China.
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6
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Du S, Wang Y, Wang J, Ma Y, Xu W, Shi X, Li L, Hao P, Liu Q, Liao M, Zhou B, Jin N, Wong YK, Hu L, Wang J, Liu W, Li C. IFITM3 inhibits severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus entry and interacts with viral Gc protein. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29491. [PMID: 38402626 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne hemorrhagic fever disease with high fatality rate of 10%-20%. Vaccines or specific therapeutic measures remain lacking. Human interferon inducible transmembrane protein 3 (hIFITM3) is a broad-spectrum antiviral factor targeting viral entry. However, the antiviral activity of hIFITM3 against SFTS virus (SFTSV) and the functional mechanism of IFITM3 remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that endogenous IFITM3 provides protection against SFTSV infection and participates in the anti-SFTSV effect of type Ⅰ and Ⅲ interferons (IFNs). IFITM3 overexpression exhibits anti-SFTSV function by blocking Gn/Gc-mediated viral entry and fusion. Further studies showed that IFITM3 binds SFTSV Gc directly and its intramembrane domain (IMD) is responsible for this interaction and restriction of SFTSV entry. Mutation of two neighboring cysteines on IMD weakens IFITM3-Gc interaction and attenuates the antiviral activity of IFITM3, suggesting that IFITM3-Gc interaction may partly mediate the inhibition of SFTSV entry. Overall, our data demonstrate for the first time that hIFITM3 plays a critical role in the IFNs-mediated anti-SFTSV response, and uncover a novel mechanism of IFITM3 restriction of SFTSV infection, highlighting the potential of clinical intervention on SFTS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouwen Du
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Yuhang Wang
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Jiamin Wang
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Yidan Ma
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Wang Xu
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoshuang Shi
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Letian Li
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Hao
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Quan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ming Liao
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Boping Zhou
- Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Yin K Wong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lifen Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Jigang Wang
- Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Chang Li
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China
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7
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Souquette A, Thomas PG. Variation in the basal immune state and implications for disease. eLife 2024; 13:e90091. [PMID: 38275224 PMCID: PMC10817719 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Analysis of pre-existing immunity and its effects on acute infection often focus on memory responses associated with a prior infectious exposure. However, memory responses occur in the context of the overall immune state and leukocytes must interact with their microenvironment and other immune cells. Thus, it is important to also consider non-antigen-specific factors which shape the composite basal state and functional capacity of the immune system, termed here as I0 ('I naught'). In this review, we discuss the determinants of I0. Utilizing influenza virus as a model, we then consider the effect of I0 on susceptibility to infection and disease severity. Lastly, we outline a mathematical framework and demonstrate how researchers can build and tailor models to specific needs. Understanding how diverse factors uniquely and collectively impact immune competence will provide valuable insights into mechanisms of immune variation, aid in screening for high-risk populations, and promote the development of broadly applicable prophylactic and therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Souquette
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisUnited States
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisUnited States
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8
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Marchal A, Cirulli ET, Neveux I, Bellos E, Thwaites RS, Schiabor Barrett KM, Zhang Y, Nemes-Bokun I, Kalinova M, Catchpole A, Tangye SG, Spaan AN, Lack JB, Ghosn J, Burdet C, Gorochov G, Tubach F, Hausfater P, Dalgard CL, Zhang SY, Zhang Q, Chiu C, Fellay J, Grzymski JJ, Sancho-Shimizu V, Abel L, Casanova JL, Cobat A, Bolze A. Lack of association between HLA and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.12.06.23299623. [PMID: 38168184 PMCID: PMC10760282 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.06.23299623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Human genetic studies of critical COVID-19 pneumonia have revealed the essential role of type I interferon-dependent innate immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conversely, an association between the HLA-B*15:01 allele and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in unvaccinated individuals was recently reported, suggesting a contribution of pre-existing T cell-dependent adaptive immunity. We report a lack of association of classical HLA alleles, including HLA-B*15:01, with pre-omicron asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in unvaccinated participants in a prospective population-based study in the US (191 asymptomatic vs. 945 symptomatic COVID-19 cases). Moreover, we found no such association in the international COVID Human Genetic Effort cohort (206 asymptomatic vs. 574 mild or moderate COVID-19 cases and 1,625 severe or critical COVID-19 cases). Finally, in the Human Challenge Characterisation study, the three HLA-B*15:01 individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 developed symptoms. As with other acute primary infections, no classical HLA alleles favoring an asymptomatic course of SARS-CoV-2 infection were identified. These findings suggest that memory T-cell immunity to seasonal coronaviruses does not strongly influence the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in unvaccinated individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Marchal
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France, EU
- University Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France, EU
| | | | - Iva Neveux
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Evangelos Bellos
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan S. Thwaites
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ivana Nemes-Bokun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Stuart G. Tangye
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - András N. Spaan
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands, EU
| | - Justin B. Lack
- NIAID Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jade Ghosn
- Infection, Antimicrobials, Modelling, Evolution (IAME), INSERM, UMR1137, University of Paris, Paris, France, EU
- AP-HP, Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Paris, France, EU
| | - Charles Burdet
- Infection, Antimicrobials, Modelling, Evolution (IAME), INSERM, UMR1137, University of Paris, Paris, France, EU
- Epidémiologie clinique du Centre d’Investigation Clinique (CIC-EP), INSERM CIC 1425, Hôpital Bichat, 75018 Paris, France, EU
- Département Epidémiologie, Biostatistiques et Recherche Clinique, Hôpital Bichat, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75018 Paris, France, EU
| | - Guy Gorochov
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Département d’immunologie Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France, EU
| | - Florence Tubach
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Département de Santé Publique, Unité de Recherche Clinique PSL-CFX, CIC-1901, Paris, France, EU
| | - Pierre Hausfater
- Emergency Department, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, APHP-Sorbonne Université, Paris, France, EU
- GRC-14 BIOFAST Sorbonne Université, UMR INSERM 1135, CIMI, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France, EU
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Clifton L. Dalgard
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shen-Ying Zhang
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France, EU
- University Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France, EU
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qian Zhang
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France, EU
- University Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France, EU
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Chiu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacques Fellay
- School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Precision Medicine Unit, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joseph J. Grzymski
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
- Renown Health, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Vanessa Sancho-Shimizu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Laurent Abel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France, EU
- University Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France, EU
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France, EU
- University Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France, EU
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aurélie Cobat
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Paris, France, EU
- University Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France, EU
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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9
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Liao Q, Shen J, Chen Y, Shu Y. Mendelian randomization study on the causal effect of serum IgA levels on H7N9 avian influenza A virus susceptibility. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29266. [PMID: 38009617 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Avian influenza A viruses (IAVs) that cross the species barrier to infect humans have the potential to initiate a new pandemic. However, the host factors influencing avian IAV infection remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis by integrating our in-house genome-wide association study (GWAS) of avian IAV H7N9 susceptibility (with 217 cases and 116 controls) with the largest GWAS of serum IgA levels to date (sample size 41 263). Using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, we discovered that genetically decreased serum IgA levels were associated with an increased risk of H7N9 infection (β = -2.528, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -4.572 to -0.484; p = 0.015). Consistent results were obtained from three other MR methods, including robust IVW estimation (β = -2.506, 95% CI: -4.109 to -0.902; p = 0.002), generalized summary-data-based MR (GSMR) (β = -2.238, 95% CI: -4.106 to -0.602; p = 0.019), and MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) (β = -2.528, 95% CI: -4.396 to -0.892; p = 0.026). In conclusion, our analysis provided compelling evidence support a causal relationship between genetically predicted serum IgA levels and avian IAV H7N9 susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijun Liao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Shen
- BGI Research, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongkun Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuelong Shu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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10
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Zhao J, He X, Min J, Yao RSY, Chen Y, Chen Z, Huang Y, Zhu Z, Gong Y, Xie Y, Li Y, Luo W, Shi D, Xu J, Shen A, Wang Q, Sun R, He B, Lin Y, Shen N, Cao B, Yang L, She D, Shi Y, Zhou J, Su X, Zhou H, Ma Z, Fan H, Lin Y, Ye F, Nie X, Zhang Q, Tian X, Lai G, Zhou M, Ma J, Zhang J, Qu J. A multicenter prospective study of comprehensive metagenomic and transcriptomic signatures for predicting outcomes of patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia. EBioMedicine 2023; 96:104790. [PMID: 37708700 PMCID: PMC10507133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP) results in high mortality as well as massive economic burden worldwide, yet limited knowledge of the bio-signatures related to prognosis has hindered the improvement of clinical outcomes. Pathogen, microbes and host are three vital elements in inflammations and infections. This study aims to discover the specific and sensitive biomarkers to predict outcomes of SCAP patients. METHODS In this study, we applied a combined metagenomic and transcriptomic screening approach to clinical specimens gathered from 275 SCAP patients of a multicentre, prospective study. FINDINGS We found that 30-day mortality might be independent of pathogen category or microbial diversity, while significant difference in host gene expression pattern presented between 30-day mortality group and the survival group. Twelve outcome-related clinical characteristics were identified in our study. The underlying host response was evaluated and enrichment of genes related to cell activation, immune modulation, inflammatory and metabolism were identified. Notably, omics data, clinical features and parameters were integrated to develop a model with six signatures for predicting 30-day mortality, showing an AUC of 0.953 (95% CI: 0.92-0.98). INTERPRETATION In summary, our study linked clinical characteristics and underlying multi-omics bio-signatures to the differential outcomes of patients with SCAP. The establishment of a comprehensive predictive model will be helpful for future improvement of treatment strategies and prognosis with SCAP. FUNDING National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 82161138018), Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty (shslczdzk02202), Shanghai Top-Priority Clinical Key Disciplines Construction Project (2017ZZ02014), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases (20dz2261100).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyan He
- Clin Lab, BGI Genomics, Shenzhen 518083, China; PathoGenesis, BGI Genomics, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Jiumeng Min
- Clin Lab, BGI Genomics, Shenzhen 518083, China; PathoGenesis, BGI Genomics, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Rosary Sin Yu Yao
- Clin Lab, BGI Genomics, Shenzhen 518083, China; PathoGenesis, BGI Genomics, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhonglin Chen
- Clin Lab, BGI Genomics, Shenzhen 518083, China; PathoGenesis, BGI Genomics, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongyi Zhu
- Clin Lab, BGI Genomics, Shenzhen 518083, China; PathoGenesis, BGI Genomics, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Yanping Gong
- Clin Lab, BGI Genomics, Shenzhen 518083, China; PathoGenesis, BGI Genomics, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Yusang Xie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuping Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital Wenzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiwei Luo
- Clin Lab, BGI Genomics, Shenzhen 518083, China; PathoGenesis, BGI Genomics, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Dongwei Shi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinfu Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ao Shen
- Clin Lab, BGI Genomics, Shenzhen 518083, China; PathoGenesis, BGI Genomics, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Qiuyue Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruixue Sun
- Clin Lab, BGI Genomics, Shenzhen 518083, China; PathoGenesis, BGI Genomics, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Bei He
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Lin
- Clin Lab, BGI Genomics, Shenzhen 518083, China; PathoGenesis, BGI Genomics, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Ning Shen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Cao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Yang
- Clin Lab, BGI Genomics, Shenzhen 518083, China; PathoGenesis, BGI Genomics, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Danyang She
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiali Zhou
- Clin Lab, BGI Genomics, Shenzhen 518083, China; PathoGenesis, BGI Genomics, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenzi Ma
- Clin Lab, BGI Genomics, Shenzhen 518083, China; PathoGenesis, BGI Genomics, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Hong Fan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongquan Lin
- Clin Lab, BGI Genomics, Shenzhen 518083, China; PathoGenesis, BGI Genomics, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliate Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xifang Nie
- Clin Lab, BGI Genomics, Shenzhen 518083, China; PathoGenesis, BGI Genomics, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinlun Tian
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guoxiang Lai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jinmin Ma
- Clin Lab, BGI Genomics, Shenzhen 518083, China; PathoGenesis, BGI Genomics, Shenzhen 518083, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jieming Qu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Emergency Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Bauer L, Rijsbergen LC, Leijten L, Benavides FF, Noack D, Lamers MM, Haagmans BL, de Vries RD, de Swart RL, van Riel D. The pro-inflammatory response to influenza A virus infection is fueled by endothelial cells. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201837. [PMID: 37072183 PMCID: PMC10114347 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Morbidity and mortality from influenza are associated with high levels of systemic inflammation. Endothelial cells play a key role in systemic inflammatory responses during severe influenza A virus (IAV) infections, despite being rarely infected in humans. How endothelial cells contribute to systemic inflammatory responses is unclear. Here, we developed a transwell system in which airway organoid-derived differentiated human lung epithelial cells were co-cultured with primary human lung microvascular endothelial cells (LMECs). We compared the susceptibility of LMECs to pandemic H1N1 virus and recent seasonal H1N1 and H3N2 viruses and assessed the associated pro-inflammatory responses. Despite the detection of IAV nucleoprotein in LMEC mono-cultures, there was no evidence for productive infection. In epithelial-endothelial co-cultures, abundant IAV infection of epithelial cells resulted in the breakdown of the epithelial barrier, but infection of LMECs was rarely detected. We observed a significantly higher secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in LMECs when co-cultured with IAV-infected epithelial cells than LMEC mono-cultures exposed to IAV. Taken together, our data show that LMECs are abortively infected by IAV but can fuel the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Bauer
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lonneke Leijten
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Danny Noack
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mart M Lamers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart L Haagmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rory D de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rik L de Swart
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Debby van Riel
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Moianos D, Prifti GM, Makri M, Zoidis G. Targeting Metalloenzymes: The "Achilles' Heel" of Viruses and Parasites. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:901. [PMID: 37375848 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metalloenzymes are central to the regulation of a wide range of essential viral and parasitic functions, including protein degradation, nucleic acid modification, and many others. Given the impact of infectious diseases on human health, inhibiting metalloenzymes offers an attractive approach to disease therapy. Metal-chelating agents have been expansively studied as antivirals and antiparasitics, resulting in important classes of metal-dependent enzyme inhibitors. This review provides the recent advances in targeting the metalloenzymes of viruses and parasites that impose a significant burden on global public health, including influenza A and B, hepatitis B and C, and human immunodeficiency viruses as well as Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Moianos
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia-Myrto Prifti
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Makri
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Grigoris Zoidis
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
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13
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Chen X, Pacis A, Aracena KA, Gona S, Kwan T, Groza C, Lin YL, Sindeaux R, Yotova V, Pramatarova A, Simon MM, Pastinen T, Barreiro LB, Bourque G. Transposable elements are associated with the variable response to influenza infection. CELL GENOMICS 2023; 3:100292. [PMID: 37228757 PMCID: PMC10203045 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) infections are frequent every year and result in a range of disease severity. Here, we wanted to explore the potential contribution of transposable elements (TEs) to the variable human immune response. Transcriptome profiling in monocyte-derived macrophages from 39 individuals following IAV infection revealed significant inter-individual variation in viral load post-infection. Using transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq), we identified a set of TE families with either enhanced or reduced accessibility upon infection. Of the enhanced families, 15 showed high variability between individuals and had distinct epigenetic profiles. Motif analysis showed an association with known immune regulators (e.g., BATFs, FOSs/JUNs, IRFs, STATs, NFkBs, NFYs, and RELs) in stably enriched families and with other factors in variable families, including KRAB-ZNFs. We showed that TEs and host factors regulating TEs were predictive of viral load post-infection. Our findings shed light on the role TEs and KRAB-ZNFs may play in inter-individual variation in immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Chen
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Alain Pacis
- Canadian Center for Computational Genomics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | | | - Saideep Gona
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tony Kwan
- Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine at McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Cristian Groza
- Quantitative Life Science, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1E3, Canada
| | - Yen Lung Lin
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Renata Sindeaux
- Centre de Recherche, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Vania Yotova
- Centre de Recherche, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Albena Pramatarova
- Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine at McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Marie-Michelle Simon
- Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine at McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Tomi Pastinen
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children’s Mercy Hospital and Research Institute, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Luis B. Barreiro
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Guillaume Bourque
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Canadian Center for Computational Genomics, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
- Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine at McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
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14
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Zhou B, Wang L, Yang S, Liang Y, Zhang Y, Pan X, Li J. Diosmetin alleviates benzo[ a]pyrene-exacerbated H1N1 influenza virus-induced acute lung injury and dysregulation of inflammation through modulation of the PPAR-γ-NF-κB/P38 MAPK signaling axis. Food Funct 2023; 14:3357-3378. [PMID: 36942763 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02590f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The severity of a viral respiratory illness was greatly exacerbated after exposure to a contaminant containing benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). Flavonoid-rich fruit intake has gained intense interest due to their health-promoting benefits for viral respiratory diseases, including influenza viruses. In our study, diosmetin (3',5,7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone), a naturally occurring hydroxylated methoxyflavone that is abundant in Citrus fruits, was explored for its effects on B[a]P-exacerbated H1N1 influenza virus-mediated inflammation and lung injury. Initially, in vivo results demonstrated that diosmetin protected against H1N1 virus-elicited acute lung injury. Simultaneously, H1N1 virus or B[a]P-stimulated A549 cells treated with diosmetin inhibited NF-κB and P-P38 activation, resulting in suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis. Interestingly, diosmetin obviously promoted the expression of PPAR-γ as well as nuclear translocation of PPAR-γ, whereas, PPAR-γ inhibition by GW9662 weakened the inhibitory effects of diosmetin on H1N1 virus or B[a]P-mediated activation of NF-κB and P-P38, elevated expression of pro-inflammatory mediators as well as apoptosis. Furthermore, it was surprising to discover that mice exposed to both B[a]P and H1N1 viruses contributed to exacerbated acute lung injury, which were significantly ameliorated by diosmetin administration. In vitro studies showed that A549 cells with the combination of B[a]P and H1N1 virus augmented NF-κB and P-P38 activation, accompanied by higher levels of pro-inflammatory mediators and apoptosis, all of which were also significantly reduced by diosmetin treatment. Repressing PPAR-γ abrogated the inhibitory effects of diosmetin on B[a]P-exacerbated H1N1 virus-mediated NF-κB and P-P38 activation, inflammation, and apoptosis in A549 cells. Our findings suggest that diosmetin protected against B[a]P-exacerbated H1N1 virus-mediated lung injury by suppressing the exacerbation of NF-κB and P38 kinase activation in a PPAR-γ-dependent manner, suggesting potential benefits for B[a]P-exacerbated influenza-related illness therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beixian Zhou
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou 525200, China
| | | | - Sushan Yang
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou 525200, China
| | - Yueyun Liang
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou 525200, China
| | - Yuehan Zhang
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou 525200, China
| | | | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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15
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Fatal cases after Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 infection: Results of an autopsy study. Int J Infect Dis 2023; 128:51-57. [PMID: 36584746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Omicron lineages BA.1/2 are considered to cause mild clinical courses. Nevertheless, fatal cases after those infections are recognized but little is known about risk factors. METHODS A total of 23 full and three partial autopsies in deceased with known Omicron BA.1/2 infections have been consecutively performed. The investigations included histology, blood analyses, and molecular virus detection. RESULTS COVID-19-associated diffuse alveolar damage was found in only eight cases (31%). This rate is significantly lower compared with previous studies, including non-Omicron variants, where rates between 69% and 92% were observed. Neither vaccination nor known risk factors were significantly associated with a direct cause of death by COVID-19. Only those patients who were admitted to the clinic because of COVID-19 but not for other reasons had a significant association with a direct COVID-19 -caused death (P >0.001). CONCLUSION Diffuse alveolar damage still occurred in the Omicron BA.1/BA.2 era but at a considerably lower frequency than seen with previous variants of concern. None of the known risk factors discriminated the cases with COVID-19-caused death from those that died because of a different disease. Therefore, the host's genomics might play a key role in this regard. Further studies should elucidate the existence of such a genomic risk factor.
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16
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Zhu Z, Chen X, Wang C, Zhang S, Yu R, Xie Y, Yuan S, Cheng L, Shi L, Zhang X. An integrated strategy to identify COVID-19 causal genes and characteristics represented by LRRC37A2. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28585. [PMID: 36794676 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association study (GWAS) could identify host genetic factors associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The genes or functional DNA elements through which genetic factors affect COVID-19 remain uncharted. The expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) provides a path to assess the correlation between genetic variations and gene expression. Here, we firstly annotated GWAS data to describe genetic effects, obtaining genome-wide mapped genes. Subsequently, the genetic mechanisms and characteristics of COVID-19 were investigated by an integrated strategy that included three GWAS-eQTL analysis approaches. It was found that 20 genes were significantly associated with immunity and neurological disorders, including prior and novel genes such as OAS3 and LRRC37A2. The findings were then replicated in single-cell datasets to explore the cell-specific expression of causal genes. Furthermore, associations between COVID-19 and neurological disorders were assessed as a causal relationship. Finally, the effects of causal protein-coding genes of COVID-19 were discussed using cell experiments. The results revealed some novel COVID-19-related genes to emphasize disease characteristics, offering a broader insight into the genetic architecture underlying the pathophysiology of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Zhu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Sainan Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Rui Yu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yubin Xie
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shuofeng Yuan
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lei Shi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- 3McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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17
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Russell CD, Lone NI, Baillie JK. Comorbidities, multimorbidity and COVID-19. Nat Med 2023; 29:334-343. [PMID: 36797482 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-02156-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The influence of comorbidities on COVID-19 outcomes has been recognized since the earliest days of the pandemic. But establishing causality and determining underlying mechanisms and clinical implications has been challenging-owing to the multitude of confounding factors and patient variability. Several distinct pathological mechanisms, not active in every patient, determine health outcomes in the three different phases of COVID-19-from the initial viral replication phase to inflammatory lung injury and post-acute sequelae. Specific comorbidities (and overall multimorbidity) can either exacerbate these pathological mechanisms or reduce the patient's tolerance to organ injury. In this Review, we consider the impact of specific comorbidities, and overall multimorbidity, on the three mechanistically distinct phases of COVID-19, and we discuss the utility of host genetics as a route to causal inference by eliminating many sources of confounding. Continued research into the mechanisms of disease-state interactions will be crucial to inform stratification of therapeutic approaches and improve outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clark D Russell
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nazir I Lone
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK.
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - J Kenneth Baillie
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, UK.
- Baillie Gifford Pandemic Science Hub, Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK.
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, UK.
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18
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Tang J, Xu Q, Tang K, Ye X, Cao Z, Zou M, Zeng J, Guan X, Han J, Wang Y, Yang L, Lin Y, Jiang K, Chen X, Zhao Y, Tian D, Li C, Shen W, Du X. Susceptibility identification for seasonal influenza A/H3N2 based on baseline blood transcriptome. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1048774. [PMID: 36713410 PMCID: PMC9878565 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1048774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Influenza susceptibility difference is a widely existing trait that has great practical significance for the accurate prevention and control of influenza. Methods Here, we focused on the human susceptibility to the seasonal influenza A/H3N2 of healthy adults at baseline level. Whole blood expression data for influenza A/H3N2 susceptibility from GEO were collected firstly (30 symptomatic and 19 asymptomatic). Then to explore the differences at baseline, a suite of systems biology approaches - the differential expression analysis, co-expression network analysis, and immune cell frequencies analysis were utilized. Results We found the baseline condition, especially immune condition between symptomatic and asymptomatic, was different. Co-expression module that is positively related to asymptomatic is also related to immune cell type of naïve B cell. Function enrichment analysis showed significantly correlation with "B cell receptor signaling pathway", "immune response-activating cell surface receptor signaling pathway" and so on. Also, modules that are positively related to symptomatic are also correlated to immune cell type of neutrophils, with function enrichment analysis showing significantly correlations with "response to bacterium", "inflammatory response", "cAMP-dependent protein kinase complex" and so on. Responses of symptomatic and asymptomatic hosts after virus exposure show differences on resisting the virus, with more effective frontline defense for asymptomatic hosts. A prediction model was also built based on only baseline transcription information to differentiate symptomatic and asymptomatic population with accuracy of 0.79. Discussion The results not only improve our understanding of the immune system and influenza susceptibility, but also provide a new direction for precise and targeted prevention and therapy of influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China,School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiumei Xu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang Tang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China,School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zicheng Cao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Min Zou
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China,School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinfeng Zeng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China,School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyan Guan
- Department of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Guangming District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinglin Han
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China,School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China,School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan Yang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yishan Lin
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China,School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaiao Jiang
- Palos Verdes Peninsula High School, Rancho Palos Verdes, CA, United States
| | - Xiaoliang Chen
- Department of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen Guangming District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China,School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dechao Tian
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China,School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunwei Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Xiangjun Du, ; Wei Shen,
| | - Xiangjun Du
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China,School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Xiangjun Du, ; Wei Shen,
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19
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Akter S, Roy AS, Tonmoy MIQ, Islam MS. Deleterious single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of human IFNAR2 gene facilitate COVID-19 severity in patients: a comprehensive in silico approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:11173-11189. [PMID: 34355676 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1957714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In humans, the dimeric receptor complex IFNAR2-IFNAR1 accelerates cellular response triggered by type I interferon (IFN) family proteins in response to viral infection including Coronavirus infection. Studies have revealed the association of the IFNAR2 gene with severe illness in Coronavirus infection and indicated the association of genomic variants, i.e. single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). However, comprehensive analysis of SNPs of the IFNAR2 gene has not been performed in both coding and non-coding region to find the causes of loss of function of IFNAR2 in COVID-19 patients. In this study, we have characterized coding SNPs (nsSNPs) of IFNAR2 gene using different bioinformatics tools and identified deleterious SNPs. We found 9 nsSNPs as pathogenic and disease-causing along with a decrease in protein stability. We employed molecular docking analysis that showed 5 nsSNPs to decrease binding affinity to IFN. Later, MD simulations showed that P136R mutant may destabilize crucial binding with the IFN molecule in response to COVID-19. Thus, P136R is likely to have a high impact on disrupting the structure of the IFNAR2 protein. GTEx portal analysis predicted 14 sQTLs and 5 eQTLs SNPs in lung tissues hampering the post-transcriptional modification (splicing) and altering the expression of the IFNAR2 gene. sQTLs and eQTLs SNPs potentially explain the reduced IFNAR2 production leading to severe diseases. These mutants in the coding and non-coding region of the IFNAR2 gene can help to recognize severe illness due to COVID 19 and consequently assist to develop an effective drug against the infection.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamima Akter
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Arpita Singha Roy
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Sajedul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Barishal, Barishal, Bangladesh
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20
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Thromboembolic Events in Patients with Influenza: A Scoping Review. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122817. [PMID: 36560821 PMCID: PMC9785394 DOI: 10.3390/v14122817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Influenza is an acute respiratory infection that usually causes a short-term and self-limiting illness. However, in high-risk populations, this can lead to several complications, with an increase in mortality. Aside from the well-known extrapulmonary complications, several studies have investigated the relationship between influenza and acute cardio and cerebrovascular events. Reviews of the thromboembolic complications associated with influenza are lacking. OBJECTIVES the study aims to conduct a scoping review to analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients suffering from influenza and thromboembolic complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS A computerized search of historical published cases using PubMed and the terms "influenza" or "flu" and "thrombosis", "embolism", "thromboembolism", "stroke", or "infarct" for the last twenty-five years was conducted. Only articles reporting detailed data on patients with thromboembolic complications of laboratory-confirmed influenza were considered eligible for inclusion in the scoping review. RESULTS Fifty-eight cases with laboratory documented influenza A or B and a related intravascular thrombosis were retrieved. Their characteristics were analyzed along with those of a patient who motivated our search. The localizations of thromboembolic events were pulmonary embolism 21/58 (36.2%), DVT 12/58 (20.6%), DVT and pulmonary embolism 3/58 (5.1%), acute ischemic stroke 11/58 (18.9%), arterial thrombosis 4/58 (6.8%), and acute myocardial infarction 5/58 (8.6%). DISCUSSION Our findings are important in clarifying which thromboembolic complications are more frequent in adults and children with influenza. Symptoms of pulmonary embolism and influenza can be very similar, so a careful clinical evaluation is required for proper patient management, possible instrumental deepening, and appropriate pharmacological interventions, especially for patients with respiratory failure.
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21
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Zhang J, Nian X, Li X, Huang S, Duan K, Li X, Yang X. The Epidemiology of Influenza and the Associated Vaccines Development in China: A Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1873. [PMID: 36366381 PMCID: PMC9692979 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza prevention and control has been one of the biggest challenges encountered in the public health domain. The vaccination against influenza plays a pivotal role in the prevention of influenza, particularly for the elderly and small children. According to the epidemiology of influenza in China, the nation is under a heavy burden of this disease. Therefore, as a contribution to the prevention and control of influenza in China through the provision of relevant information, the present report discusses the production and batch issuance of the influenza vaccine, analysis of the vaccination status and vaccination rate of the influenza vaccine, and the development trend of the influenza vaccine in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayou Zhang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Xuanxuan Nian
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Xuedan Li
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Shihe Huang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Kai Duan
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Xinguo Li
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan 430207, China
- Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430207, China
- China National Biotech Group Company Ltd., Beijing 100029, China
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22
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Upadhyai P, Shenoy PU, Banjan B, Albeshr MF, Mahboob S, Manzoor I, Das R. Exome-Wide Association Study Reveals Host Genetic Variants Likely Associated with the Severity of COVID-19 in Patients of European Ancestry. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1300. [PMID: 36143338 PMCID: PMC9504138 DOI: 10.3390/life12091300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Host genetic variability plays a pivotal role in modulating COVID-19 clinical outcomes. Despite the functional relevance of protein-coding regions, rare variants located here are less likely to completely explain the considerable numbers of acutely affected COVID-19 patients worldwide. Using an exome-wide association approach, with individuals of European descent, we sought to identify common coding variants linked with variation in COVID-19 severity. Herein, cohort 1 compared non-hospitalized (controls) and hospitalized (cases) individuals, and in cohort 2, hospitalized subjects requiring respiratory support (cases) were compared to those not requiring it (controls). 229 and 111 variants differed significantly between cases and controls in cohorts 1 and 2, respectively. This included FBXO34, CNTN2, and TMCC2 previously linked with COVID-19 severity using association studies. Overall, we report SNPs in 26 known and 12 novel candidate genes with strong molecular evidence implicating them in the pathophysiology of life-threatening COVID-19 and post-recovery sequelae. Of these few notable known genes include, HLA-DQB1, AHSG, ALOX5AP, MUC5AC, SMPD1, SPG7, SPEG,GAS6, and SERPINA12. These results enhance our understanding of the pathomechanisms underlying the COVID-19 clinical spectrum and may be exploited to prioritize biomarkers for predicting disease severity, as well as to improve treatment strategies in individuals of European ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Upadhyai
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Pooja U. Shenoy
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Bhavya Banjan
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Mohammed F. Albeshr
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Mahboob
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfan Manzoor
- Department of Biology, The College of Arts and Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Ranajit Das
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, India
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23
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Soltani-Zangbar MS, Parhizkar F, Ghaedi E, Tarbiat A, Motavalli R, Alizadegan A, Aghebati-Maleki L, Rostamzadeh D, Yousefzadeh Y, Jadideslam G, Farid SS, Roshangar L, Mahmoodpoor A, Heris JA, Miahipour A, Yousefi M. A comprehensive evaluation of the immune system response and type-I Interferon signaling pathway in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:106. [PMID: 35842705 PMCID: PMC9287826 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00903-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has become the world's main life-threatening challenge in the third decade of the twenty-first century. Numerous studies have been conducted on SARS-CoV2 virus structure and pathogenesis to find reliable treatments and vaccines. The present study aimed to evaluate the immune-phenotype and IFN-I signaling pathways of COVID-19 patients with mild and severe conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 100 COVID-19 patients (50 with mild and 50 with severe conditions) were enrolled in this study. The frequency of CD4 + T, CD8 + T, Th17, Treg, and B lymphocytes beside NK cells was evaluated using flow cytometry. IFN-I downstream signaling molecules, including JAK-1, TYK-2, STAT-1, and STAT-2, and Interferon regulatory factors (IRF) 3 and 7 expressions at RNA and protein status were investigated using real-time PCR and western blotting techniques, respectively. Immune levels of cytokines (e.g., IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α, IL-2R, IL-10, IFN-α, and IFN-β) and the existence of anti-IFN-α autoantibodies were evaluated via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Immune-phenotyping results showed a significant decrease in the absolute count of NK cells, CD4 + T, CD8 + T, and B lymphocytes in COVID-19 patients. The frequency of Th17 and Treg cells showed a remarkable increase and decrease, respectively. All signaling molecules of the IFN-I downstream pathway and IRFs (i.e., JAK-1, TYK-2, STAT-1, STAT-2, IRF-3, and IRF-7) showed very reduced expression levels in COVID-19 patients with the severe condition compared to healthy individuals at both RNA and protein levels. Of 50 patients with severe conditions, 14 had anti-IFN-α autoantibodies in sera. Meanwhile, this result was 2 and 0 for patients with mild symptoms and healthy controls, respectively. CONCLUSION Our results indicate a positive association of the existence of anti-IFN-α autoantibodies and immune cells dysregulation with the severity of illness in COVID-19 patients. However, comprehensive studies are necessary to find out more about this context. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sadegh Soltani-Zangbar
- grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Forough Parhizkar
- grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Ghaedi
- grid.78028.350000 0000 9559 0613Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ali Tarbiat
- grid.412763.50000 0004 0442 8645Department of Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Roza Motavalli
- grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amin Alizadegan
- grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leili Aghebati-Maleki
- grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Davoud Rostamzadeh
- grid.413020.40000 0004 0384 8939Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Yousef Yousefzadeh
- grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Golamreza Jadideslam
- grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sima Shahmohammadi Farid
- grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Roshangar
- grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ata Mahmoodpoor
- grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Ahmadian Heris
- grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Pediatric Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Miahipour
- grid.411705.60000 0001 0166 0922Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- grid.412888.f0000 0001 2174 8913Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Days of Flooding Associated with Increased Risk of Influenza. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2022:8777594. [PMID: 35692665 PMCID: PMC9187473 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8777594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Influenza typically causes mild infection but can lead to severe outcomes for those with compromised lung health. Flooding, a seasonal problem in Iowa, can expose many Iowans to molds and allergens shown to alter lung inflammation, leading to asthma attacks and decreased viral clearance. Based on this, the hypothesis for this research was that there would be geographically specific positive associations in locations with flooding with influenza diagnosis. An ecological study was performed using influenza diagnoses and positive influenza polymerase chain reaction tests from a de-identified large private insurance database and Iowa State Hygienic Lab. After adjustment for multiple confounding factors, Poisson regression analysis resulted in a consistent 1% associated increase in influenza diagnoses per day above flood stage (95% confidence interval: 1.00–1.04). This relationship remained after removal of the 2009–2010 influenza pandemic year. There was no associated risk between flooding and influenza-like illness as a nonspecific diagnosis. Associated risks between flooding and increased influenza diagnoses were geographically specific, with the greatest risk in the most densely populated areas. This study indicates that populations who live, work, or volunteer in flooded environments should consider preventative measures to avoid environmental exposures to mitigate illness from influenza in the following year.
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Mutation in Hemagglutinin Antigenic Sites in Influenza A pH1N1 Viruses from 2015–2019 in the United States Mountain West, Europe, and the Northern Hemisphere. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050909. [PMID: 35627294 PMCID: PMC9141826 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
H1N1 influenza A virus is a respiratory pathogen that undergoes antigenic shift and antigenic drift to improve viral fitness. Tracking the evolutionary trends of H1N1 aids with the current detection and the future response to new viral strains as they emerge. Here, we characterize antigenic drift events observed in the hemagglutinin (HA) sequence of the pandemic H1N1 lineage from 2015–2019. We observed the substitutions S200P, K147N, and P154S, together with other mutations in structural, functional, and/or epitope regions in 2015–2019 HA protein sequences from the Mountain West region of the United States, the larger United States, Europe, and other Northern Hemisphere countries. We reconstructed multiple phylogenetic trees to track the relationships and spread of these mutations and tested for evidence of selection pressure on HA. We found that the prevalence of amino acid substitutions at positions 147, 154, 159, 200, and 233 significantly changed throughout the studied geographical regions between 2015 and 2019. We also found evidence of coevolution among a subset of these amino acid substitutions. The results from this study could be relevant for future epidemiological tracking and vaccine prediction efforts. Similar analyses in the future could identify additional sequence changes that could affect the pathogenicity and/or infectivity of this virus in its human host.
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26
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Salazar RA, Field SS. Factors Influencing Frequency of Pediatric Clinically Distinguishable Influenza: A 2 Season Case-Control Study. Clin Med Insights Pediatr 2022; 16:11795565221084159. [PMID: 35355882 PMCID: PMC8958712 DOI: 10.1177/11795565221084159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Little is known about the individual differences in susceptibility to, or lifetime frequency of clinically distinguishable influenza in children. Methods: Rapid enzyme linked immunoassay-confirmed influenza pediatric cases (n = 96) in season 1 (2017-2018) were compared to age-matched (mean 7.7 years) controls (n = 171) with no evidence of influenza in season 1. The 2 cohorts were again studied in season 2 (2018-2019) for influenza outcomes and influences. Medical records, questionnaires, and interviews were used to determine past influenza disease and vaccine histories. Results: After season 2, known lifetime influenza illnesses per year of age averaged 22.6% in cases and 5.6% in controls, with 62% of controls still having never experienced known influenza. Having had prior influenza was marginally significant as a risk for season 1 influenza in cases versus controls (P = .055), yet a significant risk factor in controls for season 2 (P = .018). Influenza vaccine rates were significantly higher in controls than in cases for season 1, with a greater female vaccine benefit. Lack of previous influenza had greater calculated effectiveness (52%) than vaccination (17%-26%) in escaping season 2 influenza. Lifetime rates of vaccination did not correlate with lifetime rates of known influenza in either cohort. Conclusions: Lifetime clinically distinguishable influenza rates varied among children, with many escaping it for years even without being immunized against it. Findings of less than expected clinical influenza, no correlation between vaccination frequency and disease frequency, sex differences, and an association between past clinical influenza and current risk, point to innate differences in individual influenza experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Salazar
- University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine (Medical Student), Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Scott S Field
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Huntsville Campus (Adjunct Faculty), Huntsville, AL, USA
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27
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Li P, Zhang Y, Shen W, Shi S, Zhao Z. dbGSRV: A manually curated database of genetic susceptibility to respiratory virus. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262373. [PMID: 35298480 PMCID: PMC8929643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human genetics has been proposed to play an essential role in inter-individual differences in respiratory virus infection occurrence and outcomes. To systematically understand human genetic contributions to respiratory virus infection, we developed the database dbGSRV, a manually curated database that integrated the host genetic susceptibility and severity studies of respiratory viruses scattered over literatures in PubMed. At present, dbGSRV contains 1932 records of genetic association studies relating 1010 unique variants and seven respiratory viruses, manually curated from 168 published articles. Users can access the records by quick searching, batch searching, advanced searching and browsing. Reference information, infection status, population information, mutation information and disease relationship are provided for each record, as well as hyperlinks to public databases in convenient of users accessing more information. In addition, a visual overview of the topological network relationship between respiratory viruses and associated genes is provided. Therefore, dbGSRV offers a convenient resource for researchers to browse and retrieve genetic associations with respiratory viruses, which may inspire future studies and provide new insights in our understanding and treatment of respiratory virus infection. Database URL: http://www.ehbio.com/dbGSRV/front/
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlong Shen
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Shi
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihu Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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28
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Lovell-Read FA, Shen S, Thompson RN. Estimating local outbreak risks and the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions in age-structured populations: SARS-CoV-2 as a case study. J Theor Biol 2022; 535:110983. [PMID: 34915042 PMCID: PMC8670853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) including school closures, workplace closures and social distancing policies have been employed worldwide to reduce transmission and prevent local outbreaks. However, transmission and the effectiveness of NPIs depend strongly on age-related factors including heterogeneities in contact patterns and pathophysiology. Here, using SARS-CoV-2 as a case study, we develop a branching process model for assessing the risk that an infectious case arriving in a new location will initiate a local outbreak, accounting for the age distribution of the host population. We show that the risk of a local outbreak depends on the age of the index case, and we explore the effects of NPIs targeting individuals of different ages. Social distancing policies that reduce contacts outside of schools and workplaces and target individuals of all ages are predicted to reduce local outbreak risks substantially, whereas school closures have a more limited impact. In the scenarios considered here, when different NPIs are used in combination the risk of local outbreaks can be eliminated. We also show that heightened surveillance of infectious individuals reduces the level of NPIs required to prevent local outbreaks, particularly if enhanced surveillance of symptomatic cases is combined with efforts to find and isolate nonsymptomatic infected individuals. Our results reflect real-world experience of the COVID-19 pandemic, during which combinations of intense NPIs have reduced transmission and the risk of local outbreaks. The general modelling framework that we present can be used to estimate local outbreak risks during future epidemics of a range of pathogens, accounting fully for age-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Shen
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Pembroke College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Robin N Thompson
- Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; The Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Infectious diseases emerge via many routes and may need to overcome stepwise bottlenecks to burgeon into epidemics and pandemics. About 60% of human infections have animal origins, whereas 40% either co-evolved with humans or emerged from non-zoonotic environmental sources. Although the dynamic interaction between wildlife, domestic animals, and humans is important for the surveillance of zoonotic potential, exotic origins tend to be overemphasized since many zoonoses come from anthropophilic wild species (for example, rats and bats). We examine the equivocal evidence of whether the appearance of novel infections is accelerating and relate technological developments to the risk of novel disease outbreaks. Then we briefly compare selected epidemics, ancient and modern, from the Plague of Athens to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin A Weiss
- Division of Infection & Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Neeraja Sankaran
- The Descartes Centre for the History and Philosophy of the Sciences and the Humanities, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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30
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Ng JW, Chong ETJ, Lee PC. An Updated Review on the Role of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in COVID-19 Disease Severity: A Global Aspect. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2022; 23:1596-1611. [DOI: 10.2174/1389201023666220114162347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and recently has become a serious global pandemic. Age, gender, and comorbidities are known to be common risk factors for severe COVID-19 but are not enough to fully explain the magnitude of their effect on the risk of severity of the disease. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in several genes have been reported as a genetic factor contributing to COVID-19 severity. This comprehensive review focuses on the association between SNPs in four important genes and COVID-19 severity in a global aspect. We discuss a total of 39 SNPs in this review: five SNPs in the ABO gene, nine SNPs in the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) gene, 19 SNPs in the transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) gene, and six SNPs in the toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) gene. These SNPs data could assist in monitoring an individual's risk of severe COVID-19 disease, and therefore personalized management and pharmaceutical treatment could be planned in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wei Ng
- Biotechnology Programme, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia, Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Eric Tzyy Jiann Chong
- Biotechnology Programme, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia, Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Ping-Chin Lee
- Biotechnology Programme, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia, Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia;
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
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31
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Wang G, Lv C, Liu C, Shen W. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a potential biomarker in predicting influenza susceptibility. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1003380. [PMID: 36274727 PMCID: PMC9583527 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1003380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human population exposed to influenza viruses exhibited wide variation in susceptibility. The ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes (NLR) has been examined to be a marker of systemic inflammation. We sought to investigate the relationship between influenza susceptibility and the NLR taken before influenza virus infection. METHODS We investigated blood samples from five independent influenza challenge cohorts prior to influenza inoculation at the cellular level by using digital cytometry. We used multi-cohort gene expression analysis to compare the NLR between the symptomatic infected (SI) and asymptomatic uninfected (AU) subjects. We then used a network analysis approach to identify host factors associated with NLR and influenza susceptibility. RESULTS The baseline NLR was significantly higher in the SI group in both discovery and validation cohorts. The NLR achieved an AUC of 0.724 on the H3N2 data, and 0.736 on the H1N1 data in predicting influenza susceptibility. We identified four key modules that were not only significantly correlated with the baseline NLR, but also differentially expressed between the SI and AU groups. Genes within these four modules were enriched in pathways involved in B cell-mediated immune responses, cellular metabolism, cell cycle, and signal transduction, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study identified the NLR as a potential biomarker for predicting disease susceptibility to symptomatic influenza. An elevated NLR was detected in susceptible hosts, who may have defects in B cell-mediated immunity or impaired function in cellular metabolism, cell cycle or signal transduction. Our work can serve as a comparative model to provide insights into the COVID-19 susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyun Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Shenzhen Qianhai Shekou Free Trade Zone Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cheng Lv
- Department of Bioinformatics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Computer Science, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou, China
| | - Wenjun Shen
- Department of Bioinformatics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenjun Shen
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32
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Van Goethem N, Danwang C, Bossuyt N, Van Oyen H, Roosens NHC, Robert A. A systematic review and meta-analysis of host genetic factors associated with influenza severity. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:912. [PMID: 34930124 PMCID: PMC8686082 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08240-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The severity of influenza disease can range from mild symptoms to severe respiratory failure and can partly be explained by host genetic factors that predisposes the host to severe influenza. Here, we aimed to summarize the current state of evidence that host genetic variants play a role in the susceptibility to severe influenza infection by conducting a systematic review and performing a meta-analysis for all markers with at least three or more data entries. RESULTS A total of 34 primary human genetic association studies were identified that investigated a total of 20 different genes. The only significant pooled ORs were retrieved for the rs12252 polymorphism: an overall OR of 1.52 (95% CI [1.06-2.17]) for the rs12252-C allele compared to the rs12252-T allele. A stratified analysis by ethnicity revealed opposite effects in different populations. CONCLUSION With exception for the rs12252 polymorphism, we could not identify specific genetic polymorphisms to be associated with severe influenza infection in a pooled meta-analysis. This advocates for the use of large, hypothesis-free, genome-wide association studies that account for the polygenic nature and the interactions with other host, pathogen and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Van Goethem
- Scientific Directorate of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Faculty of Public Health, Université Catholique de Louvain, Clos Chapelle-aux-champs 30, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Célestin Danwang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Faculty of Public Health, Université Catholique de Louvain, Clos Chapelle-aux-champs 30, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Bossuyt
- Scientific Directorate of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Herman Van Oyen
- Scientific Directorate of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nancy H. C. Roosens
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Annie Robert
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Faculty of Public Health, Université Catholique de Louvain, Clos Chapelle-aux-champs 30, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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33
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Du Q, Huang W, Zhao J, Zeng J, Zhang W, Huang X, Chen R, Jiang H, Xie Y, Wang Y, Zhong N, Wang X, Yang Z. Lianhuaqingwen capsule inhibits influenza-induced bacterial adhesion to respiratory epithelial cells through down-regulation of cell adhesion molecules. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:114128. [PMID: 33872750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Influenza virus infection is widely believed to cause mild symptoms, but can lead to high mortality and severe disease complicated by secondary bacterial pneumonia. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been proposed as a promising agent to treat respiratory viral infections. A herbal formula Lianhuaqingwen capsule (LHQW) comprising two prescriptions: Maxing Shigan decoction and Yinqiao San, has been used clinically to treat respiratory infection with immune regulatory effects. However, little is known about the capacity of LHQW against influenza-induced secondary bacterial pneumonia. AIM OF STUDY This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and underlying mechanism of LHQW on influenza A virus A/PR/8/34 (PR8) secondary methicillin-resistant Staphy-lococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. METHODS The anti-adhesion activity of LHQW against PR8-induced MRSA infection was assessed in human lung epithelial (A549) cells and the effect of LHQW on the expression of intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) was detected. Also, the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in PR8-infected A549 cells were determined. The body weight change, survivals, viral titers, colonies and the pathological parameters after LHQW treatment in severe pneumonia model have all been systematically determined. RESULTS LHQW significantly reduced the adhesion of MRSA to PR8-infected A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner by suppressing the up-regulation of bacterial receptors. LHQW also markedly declined the overexpression of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α induced by LPS stimulated-A549 cells following influenza virus infection. Furthermore, the abnormal changes of lung index in dual-infection mice were relieved after administered with LHQW in preventive and therapeutic mode, but with no significantly difference (P > 0.05). LHQW could not effectively improve survival rate or prolong the survival time of mice (P > 0.05). LHQW (1000 mg/kg/d) administered prophylactically significantly decreased the lung viral titers (P < 0.05), slightly downregulated IL-6 but TNF-α, IL-1β levels and improved lung pathological inflammation including neutrophil infiltration, necrosis, which is consistent with the expression of inflammatory factors. CONCLUSIONS LHQW inhibited influenza-induced bacterial adhesion by down-regulating the adhesion molecules with the improvement trend on severe pneumonia, indicating that it can be used as an adjuvant medication in severe viral-bacterial pneumonia therapy rather than as a single medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Du
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, PR China; Department of Intensive Care Unit, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Wenbo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, PR China
| | - Jin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, PR China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, PR China
| | - Ruifeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, PR China
| | - Haiming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, PR China
| | - Yuqi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, PR China
| | - Yutao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, PR China
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, PR China
| | - Xinhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, PR China.
| | - Zifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, PR China; Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, KingMed College of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
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34
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Pullen KM, Atyeo C, Collier ARY, Gray KJ, Belfort MB, Lauffenburger DA, Edlow AG, Alter G. Selective functional antibody transfer into the breastmilk after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109959. [PMID: 34739850 PMCID: PMC8531199 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody transfer via breastmilk represents an evolutionary strategy to boost immunity in early life. Although severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific antibodies have been observed in the breastmilk, the functional quality of these antibodies remains unclear. Here, we apply systems serology to characterize SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in maternal serum and breastmilk to compare the functional characteristics of antibodies in these fluids. Distinct SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses are observed in the serum and breastmilk of lactating individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2, with a more dominant transfer of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgM into breastmilk. Although IgGs are present in breastmilk, they are functionally attenuated. We observe preferential transfer of antibodies capable of eliciting neutrophil phagocytosis and neutralization compared to other functions, pointing to selective transfer of certain functional antibodies to breastmilk. These data highlight the preferential transfer of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA and IgM to breastmilk, accompanied by select IgG subpopulations, positioned to create a non-pathologic but protective barrier against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista M Pullen
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Caroline Atyeo
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; PhD Program in Virology, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ai-Ris Y Collier
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn J Gray
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mandy B Belfort
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andrea G Edlow
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Risk Factors of Influenza-Associated Respiratory Illnesses Reported to a Sentinel Hospital of Lahore, Pakistan: 2015-2016. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 2021:2460553. [PMID: 34745395 PMCID: PMC8566087 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2460553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological data about determinants of influenza A virus (IAV) in the Pakistani population is scarce. We aimed to conduct a prospective hospital-based active surveillance study from October 2015 to May 2016 to identify potential risk factors associated with IAV infection among patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory illness (SARI). Surveillance was conducted in Lahore General Hospital, selected as a sentinel site in Lahore District, Pakistan. Nasal/throat samples were collected along with epidemiological and clinical data from enrolled patients. Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) was performed to identify IAV and its subtypes (H1N1pdm09, H3N2). Data were analyzed to determine risk factors and risk markers associated with IAV infections. A total of 311 suspected ILI and SARI cases were enrolled in the study, and among these 50 were IAV-positive. Of these 50 confirmed cases of IAV, 14 were subtyped as H1N1pdm09 and 15 were H3N2; the remaining 21 were untyped. A final multivariable model identified four independent risk factors/markers for IAV infection: exposure history to ILI patients within last 7 days and gender being male were identified as risk factors of IAV infection, while use of antibiotics prior to hospital consultation and presence of fever were identified as risk markers. We concluded that adopting nonpharmaceutical interventions like hand hygiene, masks, social distancing, and where possible, avoiding identified risk factors could decrease the risk of IAV infection and may prevent imminent outbreaks of IAV in the community.
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Murillo-Zamora E, Trujillo X, Huerta M, Ríos-Silva M, Guzmán-Esquivel J, Benites-Godínez V, Mendoza-Cano O. Survival in influenza virus-related pneumonia by viral subtype: 2016-2020. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 112:288-293. [PMID: 34547495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza remains a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and viral subtype-related differences in disease outcomes have been documented. OBJECTIVE To characterize the survival experience of adult inpatients with influenza virus-associated pneumonia by viral subtype during five consecutive flu seasons. METHOD We performed a retrospective cohort study; data from 4,678 adults were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. A multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model was fitted. RESULTS The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 25.0 per 1,000 hospital days. The survival probabilities from pneumonia patients went from 93.4% (95% CI 92.6-94.1%) by day three to 43.3% (95% CI 39.2-47.4%) by day 30 from hospital admission. In general, the lowest survival rates were observed in patients with AH1N1 infection. In multiple models, after adjusting for comorbidities and when compared with A non-subtyped virus, pneumonia patients with AH3N2 or B strains had a significantly decreased risk of a non-favorable disease outcome. The association of other strains was not significant. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the survival of inpatients with influenza virus-associated pneumonia varies according to the pathogenic viral subtype; the lowest survival rates were observed in patients with AH1N1 infection. This effect was independent of the patients' gender, age, and the analyzed underlying health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrén Murillo-Zamora
- Departamento de Epidemiología, Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 19, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. Javier Mina 301, Col. Centro, C.P. 28000, Colima, Colima, México; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Colima, Av. Universidad 333, Col. L as Víboras, C.P. 28040, Colima, Colima, México.
| | - Xóchitl Trujillo
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Av. 25 de julio 965, Col. Villas San Sebastián, C.P. 28045 Colima, México.
| | - Miguel Huerta
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Av. 25 de julio 965, Col. Villas San Sebastián, C.P. 28045 Colima, México.
| | - Mónica Ríos-Silva
- Universidad de Colima - CONACyT, Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Av. 25 de julio 965, Col. Villas San Sebastián, C.P. 28045 Colima, México
| | - José Guzmán-Esquivel
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Colima, Av. Universidad 333, Col. L as Víboras, C.P. 28040, Colima, Colima, México; Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Av. de los Maestros 149, Col. Centro, CP 28000, Colima, México.
| | - Verónica Benites-Godínez
- Coordinación de Educación en Salud, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Calzada del Ejercito Nacional 14, Col. Fray Junípero Serra, C.P. 63160, Tepic, Nayarit; Unidad Académica de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Ciudad de la Cultura Amado Nervo, C.P. 631555, Tepic, Nayarit , México Tel +523112118800.
| | - Oliver Mendoza-Cano
- Facultad de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad de Colima, km. 9 carretera Colima-Coquimatlán, Coquimatlán, C.P. 28400, Colima, México..
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Tagde P, Tagde S, Tagde P, Bhattacharya T, Monzur SM, Rahman MH, Otrisal P, Behl T, ul Hassan SS, Abdel-Daim MM, Aleya L, Bungau S. Nutraceuticals and Herbs in Reducing the Risk and Improving the Treatment of COVID-19 by Targeting SARS-CoV-2. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091266. [PMID: 34572452 PMCID: PMC8468567 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide transmission of acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a deadly or devastating disease is known to affect thousands of people every day, many of them dying all over the planet. The main reason for the massive effect of COVID-19 on society is its unpredictable spread, which does not allow for proper planning or management of this disease. Antibiotics, antivirals, and other prescription drugs, necessary and used in therapy, obviously have side effects (minor or significant) on the affected person, there are still not clear enough studies to elucidate their combined effect in this specific treatment, and existing protocols are sometimes unclear and uncertain. In contrast, it has been found that nutraceuticals, supplements, and various herbs can be effective in reducing the chances of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but also in alleviating COVID-19 symptoms. However, not enough specific details are yet available, and precise scientific studies to validate the approved benefits of natural food additives, probiotics, herbs, and nutraceuticals will need to be standardized according to current regulations. These alternative treatments may not have a direct effect on the virus or reduce the risk of infection with it, but these products certainly stimulate the human immune system so that the body is better prepared to fight the disease. This paper aims at a specialized literary foray precisely in the field of these “cures” that can provide real revelations in the therapy of coronavirus infection
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti Tagde
- Bhabha Pharmacy Research Institute, Bhabha University, Bhopal 462026, India
- PRISAL Foundation, Pharmaceutical Royal International Society, Bhopal 462042, India;
- Correspondence: (P.T.); (M.H.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Sandeep Tagde
- PRISAL Foundation, Pharmaceutical Royal International Society, Bhopal 462042, India;
| | - Pooja Tagde
- Practice of Medicine Department, Government Homeopathic Medical College, Bhopal 462003, India;
| | - Tanima Bhattacharya
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Hubei 430062, China;
- Techno India NJR Institute of Technology, Udaipur 313003, India
| | | | - Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Jagannath University, Sadarghat, Dhaka 1100, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (P.T.); (M.H.R.); (S.B.)
| | - Pavel Otrisal
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, 77111 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India;
| | - Syed Shams ul Hassan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jedah 21442, Saudi Arabia;
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment CNRS 6249, Université de Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France;
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence: (P.T.); (M.H.R.); (S.B.)
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Ali A, Ali K, Fatah M, Tawfeeq H, Rostam H. SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in patients negative for immunoglobulin G following recovery from COVID-19. New Microbes New Infect 2021; 43:100926. [PMID: 34367645 PMCID: PMC8327640 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2021.100926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
While many patients infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) eventually produce neutralising antibodies, the degree of susceptibility of previously infected individuals to reinfection by SARS-CoV-2 is currently unknown. To better understand the impact of the immunoglobulin (IgG) level on reinfection in recovered coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, anti-nucleocapsid IgG levels against SARS-CoV-2 were measured in 829 patients with a previously confirmed infection just after their recovery. Notably, 87 of these patients had no detectable IgG concentration. While there was just one case of asymptomatic reinfection 4.5 months after the initial recovery amongst patients with detectable anti-nucleocapsid IgG levels, 25 of the 87 patients negative for anti-nucleocapsid IgG were reinfected within one to three months after their first infection. Therefore, patients who recover from COVID-19 with no detectable anti-nucleocapsid IgG concentration appear to remain more susceptible to reinfection by SARS-CoV-2, with no apparent immunity. Also, although our results suggest the chance is lower, the possibility for recovered patients with positive anti-nucleocapsid IgG findings to be reinfected similarly exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.M. Ali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Garmian, Kalar, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
- COVID-19 Laboratory, Qala Hospital, Garmian General Directorate of Health, Ministry of Health, Kalar, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - K.M. Ali
- Medical Lab Technology Department, Kalar Technical College, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Kalar, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - M.H. Fatah
- Medical Lab Technology Department, Kalar Technical College, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Kalar, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - H.M. Tawfeeq
- Medical Lab Technology Department, Kalar Technical College, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Kalar, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - H.M. Rostam
- Immunology & Immuno-bioengineering Group, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- College of Medicine, University of Garmian, Kalar, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
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Kawamoto M, Tanaka H, Sakurai A, Otagiri H, Karasawa I, Yamada SI, Kurita H. Exploration of correlation of oral hygiene and condition with influenza infection. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254981. [PMID: 34407097 PMCID: PMC8372885 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses are known to be infected through epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tract. The oral cavity is in close anatomical proximity to the upper respiratory tract, and it is conceivable that the viruses could pass through the oral cavity and infect to the upper respiratory tract. Several researchers have suggested that colonization of certain pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pneumoniae might affect the risk of influenza viral disease, indicating that oral hygiene and/or condition might play an important role in respiratory viral infection. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether an oral hygiene/condition might impact influenza infection. We conducted a retrospective observational study of Japanese citizens' regional cohort (N = 2,904) consisting of National Health Insurance beneficiaries who underwent annual health/dental examination with data entries in the Kokuho database (KDB). Trained dentists checked the oral hygiene/condition, and saliva specimens were examined using the LION dental saliva multi-test (SMT) kit. Influenza infection was identified from the diagnosis recorded in the KDB. The correlations between influenza infection and oral hygiene, dryness of the mouth, or various salivary test results were examined by a multivariate analysis adjusting for confounding factors such as gender, age, recent smoking, alcohol drinking, BMI, HbA1c, RBC for influenza infection. The logistic regression model showed that age significantly correlated with influenza infection. In addition, oral hygiene status had a nearly significant impact on influenza infection (p = 0.061), whereby, the subjects with poor oral hygiene had a higher risk of influenza infection than those with good oral hygiene (odds ratio: 1.63, 95% confidence interval: 0.89-2.95). Further, the prevalence of influenza infection was lower in the subjects with saliva weakly acidic and/or containing higher protein level. The results of this study suggested that the maintenance of oral health conditions might be one of the pivotal factors for preventing and reducing influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Kawamoto
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tanaka
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Akinari Sakurai
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Otagiri
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Imahito Karasawa
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Yamada
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kurita
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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Van Goethem N, Robert A, Bossuyt N, Van Poelvoorde LAE, Quoilin S, De Keersmaecker SCJ, Devleesschauwer B, Thomas I, Vanneste K, Roosens NHC, Van Oyen H. Evaluation of the added value of viral genomic information for predicting severity of influenza infection. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:785. [PMID: 34376182 PMCID: PMC8353062 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06510-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The severity of an influenza infection is influenced by both host and viral characteristics. This study aims to assess the relevance of viral genomic data for the prediction of severe influenza A(H3N2) infections among patients hospitalized for severe acute respiratory infection (SARI), in view of risk assessment and patient management. METHODS 160 A(H3N2) influenza positive samples from the 2016-2017 season originating from the Belgian SARI surveillance were selected for whole genome sequencing. Predictor variables for severity were selected using a penalized elastic net logistic regression model from a combined host and genomic dataset, including patient information and nucleotide mutations identified in the viral genome. The goodness-of-fit of the model combining host and genomic data was compared using a likelihood-ratio test with the model including host data only. Internal validation of model discrimination was conducted by calculating the optimism-adjusted area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (AUC) for both models. RESULTS The model including viral mutations in addition to the host characteristics had an improved fit ([Formula: see text]=12.03, df = 3, p = 0.007). The optimism-adjusted AUC increased from 0.671 to 0.732. CONCLUSIONS Adding genomic data (selected season-specific mutations in the viral genome) to the model containing host characteristics improved the prediction of severe influenza infection among hospitalized SARI patients, thereby offering the potential for translation into a prospective strategy to perform early season risk assessment or to guide individual patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Van Goethem
- Scientific Directorate of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Faculty of Public Health, Université Catholique de Louvain, Clos Chapelle-aux-champs 30, 1200, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium.
| | - Annie Robert
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Faculty of Public Health, Université Catholique de Louvain, Clos Chapelle-aux-champs 30, 1200, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Bossuyt
- Scientific Directorate of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laura A E Van Poelvoorde
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Quoilin
- Scientific Directorate of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Brecht Devleesschauwer
- Scientific Directorate of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Thomas
- National Reference Center Influenza, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kevin Vanneste
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nancy H C Roosens
- Transversal Activities in Applied Genomics, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Herman Van Oyen
- Scientific Directorate of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sciensano, J. Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Kucher AN, Babushkina NP, Sleptcov AA, Nazarenko MS. Genetic Control of Human Infection with SARS-CoV-2. RUSS J GENET+ 2021; 57:627-641. [PMID: 34248311 PMCID: PMC8254434 DOI: 10.1134/s1022795421050057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 beta-coronavirus, which caused a pandemic of severe acute respiratory viral infection COVID-19 (from COronaVIrus Disease 2019), was first detected. The susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and the nature of the course of the COVID-19 clinical picture are determined by many factors, including genetic characteristics of both the pathogen and the human. The SARS-CoV-2 genome has a similarity to the genomes of other coronaviruses, which are pathogenic for humans and cause a severe course of infection: 79% to the SARS-CoV genome and 50% to the MERS-CoV genome. The most significant differences between SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses are recorded in the structure of the gene of the S protein, a key protein responsible for the virus binding to the receptor of the host organism cells. In particular, substitutions in the S protein of SARS-CoV-2, leading to the formation of the furin cleavage site that is absent in other SARS-like coronaviruses, were identified, which may explain the high pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2. In humans, the genes that are significant for the initial stages of infection include ACE2, ANPEP, DPP4 (encode receptors for coronavirus binding); TMPRSS2, FURIN, TMPRSS11D, CTSL, CTSB (encode proteases involved in the entry of the coronavirus into the cell); DDX1 (the gene of ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX1, which promotes replication of coronaviruses); and IFITM1, IFITM2, and IFITM3 (encode interferon-induced transmembrane proteins with an antiviral effect). These genes are expressed in many tissues (including those susceptible to the effects of SARS-CoV-2); rare and frequent variants that affect the structure of the encoded protein and its properties and expression level are described in them. A number of common genetic variants with proven functional significance are characterized by the variability in the allele frequency in the world's populations, which can determine interpopulation differences in the prevalence of COVID-19 and in the clinical features of the course of this pathology. The expression level of genes that are important for the formation of the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 is affected by epigenetic modifications, comorbidities at the time of infection, taking medications, and bad habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. N. Kucher
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - N. P. Babushkina
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - A. A. Sleptcov
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - M. S. Nazarenko
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
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Yates T, Zaccardi F, Islam N, Razieh C, Gillies CL, Lawson CA, Chudasama Y, Rowlands A, Davies MJ, Docherty AB, Openshaw PJM, Baillie JK, Semple MG, Khunti K. Obesity, Ethnicity, and Risk of Critical Care, Mechanical Ventilation, and Mortality in Patients Admitted to Hospital with COVID-19: Analysis of the ISARIC CCP-UK Cohort. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1223-1230. [PMID: 33755331 PMCID: PMC8251439 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the association of obesity with in-hospital coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes in different ethnic groups. METHODS Patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 in the United Kingdom through the Clinical Characterisation Protocol UK (CCP-UK) developed by the International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infections Consortium (ISARIC) were included from February 6 to October 12, 2020. Ethnicity was classified as White, South Asian, Black, and other minority ethnic groups. Outcomes were admission to critical care, mechanical ventilation, and in-hospital mortality, adjusted for age, sex, and chronic diseases. RESULTS Of the participants included, 54,254 (age = 76 years; 45.0% women) were White, 3,728 (57 years; 41.1% women) were South Asian, 2,523 (58 years; 44.9% women) were Black, and 5,427 (61 years; 40.8% women) were other ethnicities. Obesity was associated with all outcomes in all ethnic groups, with associations strongest for black ethnicities. When stratified by ethnicity and obesity status, the odds ratios for admission to critical care, mechanical ventilation, and mortality in black ethnicities with obesity were 3.91 (3.13-4.88), 5.03 (3.94-6.63), and 1.93 (1.49-2.51), respectively, compared with White ethnicities without obesity. CONCLUSIONS Obesity was associated with an elevated risk of in-hospital COVID-19 outcomes in all ethnic groups, with associations strongest in Black ethnicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Yates
- Diabetes Research CentreUniversity of LeicesterLeicester General HospitalLeicesterUK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC)University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of LeicesterLeicesterUK
| | - Francesco Zaccardi
- Diabetes Research CentreUniversity of LeicesterLeicester General HospitalLeicesterUK
- Leicester Real World Evidence UnitDiabetes Research CentreUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
| | - Nazrul Islam
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU)Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Cameron Razieh
- Diabetes Research CentreUniversity of LeicesterLeicester General HospitalLeicesterUK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC)University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of LeicesterLeicesterUK
| | - Clare L. Gillies
- Diabetes Research CentreUniversity of LeicesterLeicester General HospitalLeicesterUK
- Leicester Real World Evidence UnitDiabetes Research CentreUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
| | - Claire A. Lawson
- Diabetes Research CentreUniversity of LeicesterLeicester General HospitalLeicesterUK
| | - Yogini Chudasama
- Leicester Real World Evidence UnitDiabetes Research CentreUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
| | - Alex Rowlands
- Diabetes Research CentreUniversity of LeicesterLeicester General HospitalLeicesterUK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC)University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of LeicesterLeicesterUK
| | - Melanie J. Davies
- Diabetes Research CentreUniversity of LeicesterLeicester General HospitalLeicesterUK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC)University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of LeicesterLeicesterUK
| | - Annemarie B. Docherty
- Centre for Medical InformaticsUsher InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Intensive Care UnitRoyal Infirmary EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | | | - Malcolm G. Semple
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections and Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health and Life SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- Respiratory MedicineAlder Hey Children’s HospitalInstitute in The ParkUniversity of LiverpoolAlder Hey Children’s HospitalLiverpoolUK
| | | | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research CentreUniversity of LeicesterLeicester General HospitalLeicesterUK
- Leicester Real World Evidence UnitDiabetes Research CentreUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration – East Midlands (ARC‐EM)University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of LeicesterLeicesterUK
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Harpur CM, Le Page MA, Tate MD. Too young to die? How aging affects cellular innate immune responses to influenza virus and disease severity. Virulence 2021; 12:1629-1646. [PMID: 34152253 PMCID: PMC8218692 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1939608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a respiratory viral infection that causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The innate immune cell response elicited during influenza A virus (IAV) infection forms the critical first line of defense, which typically is impaired as we age. As such, elderly individuals more commonly succumb to influenza-associated complications, which is reflected in most aged animal models of IAV infection. Here, we review the important roles of several major innate immune cell populations in influenza pathogenesis, some of which being deleterious to the host, and the current knowledge of how age-associated numerical, phenotypic and functional cell changes impact disease development. Further investigation into age-related modulation of innate immune cell responses, using appropriate animal models, will help reveal how immunity to IAV may be compromised by aging and inform the development of novel therapies, tailored for use in this vulnerable group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Harpur
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Mélanie A Le Page
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Michelle D Tate
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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44
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Abstract
COVID-19 is characterized by a wide range of clinical manifestations, from asymptomatic to extremely severe. At the onset of the pandemic, it became clear that old age and chronic illness were the major risk factors. However, they do not fully explain the variety of symptoms and complications of the SARS-COV-2 coronavirus infection. The research on genetic risk factors for COVID-19 is still at its early stages. A number of mutations and polymorphisms have been identified that affect the structure and stability of proteins factors of susceptibility to SARS-COV-2 infection, as well as a predisposition to the development of respiratory failure and the need for intensive care. Most of the identified genetic factors are related to the function of the immune system. On the other hand, the genetic polymorphism of the virus itself affects the COVID-19 spread and severity of its course . The genome of the virus accumulates mutations and evolves towards increasing contagiousness, replicative ability and evasion from the host's immune system. Genetic determinants of the COVID-19 infection are potential therapeutic targets. Studying them will provide information for the development of drugs and vaccines to combat the pandemic.
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45
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Mettelman RC, Thomas PG. Human Susceptibility to Influenza Infection and Severe Disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021; 11:cshperspect.a038711. [PMID: 31964647 PMCID: PMC8091954 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a038711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Influenza viruses are a persistent threat to global human health. Increased susceptibility to infection and the risk factors associated with progression to severe influenza-related disease are determined by a multitude of viral, host, and environmental conditions. Decades of epidemiologic research have broadly defined high-risk groups, while new genomic association studies have identified specific host factors impacting an individual's response to influenza. Here, we review and highlight both human susceptibility to influenza infection and the conditions that lead to severe influenza disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Mettelman
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
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46
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Javanian M, Barary M, Ghebrehewet S, Koppolu V, Vasigala V, Ebrahimpour S. A brief review of influenza virus infection. J Med Virol 2021; 93:4638-4646. [PMID: 33792930 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Influenza is an acute viral respiratory infection that affects all age groups and is associated with high mortality during pandemics, epidemics, and sporadic outbreaks. Nearly 10% of the world's population is affected by influenza annually, with about half a million deaths each year. Influenza vaccination is the most effective method for preventing influenza infection and its complications. The influenza vaccine's efficacy varies each season based on the circulating influenza strains and vaccine uptake rates. Currently, three antiviral drugs targeting the influenza virus surface glycoprotein neuraminidase are available for treatment and prophylaxis of disease. Given the significant burden of influenza infection globally, this review is focused on the latest findings in the etiology, epidemiology, transmission, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Javanian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Barary
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sam Ghebrehewet
- Cheshire and Merseyside Health Protection Team, Public Health England North West, Liverpool, UK
| | - Veerendra Koppolu
- Scientist, Department of Analytical Biotechnology, MedImmune/AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20878, USA
| | - VeneelaKrishnaRekha Vasigala
- Department of General Medicine, Rangaraya Medical College, NTR University of Health Sciences, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Soheil Ebrahimpour
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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47
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Pairo-Castineira E, Clohisey S, Klaric L, Bretherick AD, Rawlik K, Pasko D, Walker S, Parkinson N, Fourman MH, Russell CD, Furniss J, Richmond A, Gountouna E, Wrobel N, Harrison D, Wang B, Wu Y, Meynert A, Griffiths F, Oosthuyzen W, Kousathanas A, Moutsianas L, Yang Z, Zhai R, Zheng C, Grimes G, Beale R, Millar J, Shih B, Keating S, Zechner M, Haley C, Porteous DJ, Hayward C, Yang J, Knight J, Summers C, Shankar-Hari M, Klenerman P, Turtle L, Ho A, Moore SC, Hinds C, Horby P, Nichol A, Maslove D, Ling L, McAuley D, Montgomery H, Walsh T, Pereira AC, Renieri A, Shen X, Ponting CP, Fawkes A, Tenesa A, Caulfield M, Scott R, Rowan K, Murphy L, Openshaw PJM, Semple MG, Law A, Vitart V, Wilson JF, Baillie JK. Genetic mechanisms of critical illness in COVID-19. Nature 2021; 591:92-98. [PMID: 33307546 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-03065-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 819] [Impact Index Per Article: 273.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Host-mediated lung inflammation is present1, and drives mortality2, in the critical illness caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Host genetic variants associated with critical illness may identify mechanistic targets for therapeutic development3. Here we report the results of the GenOMICC (Genetics Of Mortality In Critical Care) genome-wide association study in 2,244 critically ill patients with COVID-19 from 208 UK intensive care units. We have identified and replicated the following new genome-wide significant associations: on chromosome 12q24.13 (rs10735079, P = 1.65 × 10-8) in a gene cluster that encodes antiviral restriction enzyme activators (OAS1, OAS2 and OAS3); on chromosome 19p13.2 (rs74956615, P = 2.3 × 10-8) near the gene that encodes tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2); on chromosome 19p13.3 (rs2109069, P = 3.98 × 10-12) within the gene that encodes dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9); and on chromosome 21q22.1 (rs2236757, P = 4.99 × 10-8) in the interferon receptor gene IFNAR2. We identified potential targets for repurposing of licensed medications: using Mendelian randomization, we found evidence that low expression of IFNAR2, or high expression of TYK2, are associated with life-threatening disease; and transcriptome-wide association in lung tissue revealed that high expression of the monocyte-macrophage chemotactic receptor CCR2 is associated with severe COVID-19. Our results identify robust genetic signals relating to key host antiviral defence mechanisms and mediators of inflammatory organ damage in COVID-19. Both mechanisms may be amenable to targeted treatment with existing drugs. However, large-scale randomized clinical trials will be essential before any change to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erola Pairo-Castineira
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sara Clohisey
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lucija Klaric
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew D Bretherick
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Konrad Rawlik
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - Nick Parkinson
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Clark D Russell
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - James Furniss
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anne Richmond
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Elvina Gountouna
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicola Wrobel
- Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David Harrison
- Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Bo Wang
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yang Wu
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alison Meynert
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhijian Yang
- Biostatistics Group, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ranran Zhai
- Biostatistics Group, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenqing Zheng
- Biostatistics Group, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Graeme Grimes
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - Barbara Shih
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sean Keating
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marie Zechner
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Chris Haley
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David J Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jian Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Julian Knight
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Manu Shankar-Hari
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lance Turtle
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit for Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Antonia Ho
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Shona C Moore
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit for Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Charles Hinds
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Peter Horby
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alistair Nichol
- Clinical Research Centre at St Vincent's University Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Intensive Care Unit, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Maslove
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Queen's University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lowell Ling
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Danny McAuley
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Hugh Montgomery
- UCL Centre for Human Health and Performance, University College London, London, UK
| | - Timothy Walsh
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alexandre C Pereira
- Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Heart Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Renieri
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Xia Shen
- Biostatistics Group, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chris P Ponting
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Angie Fawkes
- Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Albert Tenesa
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark Caulfield
- Genomics England, London, UK
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Richard Scott
- Genomics England, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kathy Rowan
- Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Lee Murphy
- Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter J M Openshaw
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust London, London, UK
| | - Malcolm G Semple
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit for Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Institute in The Park, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrew Law
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - James F Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Kenneth Baillie
- Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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48
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Gross CJ, Porter JJ, Lipsett SC, Monuteaux MC, Hirsch AW, Neuman MI. Variation in Management and Outcomes of Children With Complicated Pneumonia. Hosp Pediatr 2021; 11:207-214. [PMID: 33579749 DOI: 10.1542/hpeds.2020-001800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the characteristics of children hospitalized with complicated pneumonia at US children's hospitals and compare these characteristics with those of children hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). METHODS We identified children hospitalized with complicated pneumonia (parapneumonic effusion, empyema, necrotizing pneumonia, or lung abscess) or CAP across 34 hospitals between 2011 and 2019. We evaluated differences in patient characteristics, antibiotic selection, and outcomes between children with complicated pneumonia and CAP. We, also, assessed seasonal variability in the frequency of these 2 conditions and evaluated the prevalence of complicated pneumonia over the 9-year study period. RESULTS Compared with children hospitalized with CAP (n = 75 702), children hospitalized with complicated pneumonia (n = 6402) were older (a median age of 6.1 vs 3.4 years; P < .001), with 59.4% and 35.2% of patients ≥5 years of age, respectively. Patients with complicated pneumonia had higher rates of antibiotic therapy targeted against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (46.3% vs 12.2%; P < .001) and Pseudomonas (8.6% vs 6.7%; P < .001), whereas differences in rates of coverage against mycoplasma were not clinically significant. Children with complicated pneumonia had a longer median hospital length of stay and higher rates of ICU admissions, mechanical ventilation, 30-day readmissions, and costs. Seasonal variation existed in both complicated pneumonia and CAP, with 42.7% and 46.0% of hospitalizations occurring during influenza season. The proportion of pneumonia hospitalizations due to complicated pneumonia increased over the study period (odds ratio 1.04, 95% confidence interval: 1.02-1.06). CONCLUSIONS Complicated pneumonia more frequently occurs in older children and accounts for higher rates of resource use, compared to CAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J Gross
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts; and.,Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John J Porter
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Emergency Medicine and
| | - Susan C Lipsett
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts; and.,Division of Emergency Medicine and
| | - Michael C Monuteaux
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts; and.,Division of Emergency Medicine and
| | - Alexander W Hirsch
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts; and.,Division of Emergency Medicine and
| | - Mark I Neuman
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; .,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts; and.,Division of Emergency Medicine and
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49
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Forbester JL, Humphreys IR. Genetic influences on viral-induced cytokine responses in the lung. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:14-25. [PMID: 33184476 PMCID: PMC7658619 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-00355-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Infection with respiratory viruses such as influenza, respiratory syncytial virus and coronavirus provides a difficult immunological challenge for the host, where a balance must be established between controlling viral replication and limiting damage to the delicate lung structure. Although the genetic architecture of host responses to respiratory viral infections is not yet understood, it is clear there is underlying heritability that influences pathogenesis. Immune control of virus replication is essential in respiratory infections, but overt activation can enhance inflammation and disease severity. Cytokines initiate antiviral immune responses but are implicated in viral pathogenesis. Here, we discuss how host genetic variation may influence cytokine responses to respiratory viral infections and, based on our current understanding of the role that cytokines play in viral pathogenesis, how this may influence disease severity. We also discuss how induced pluripotent stem cells may be utilised to probe the mechanistic implications of allelic variation in genes in virus-induced inflammatory responses. Ultimately, this could help to design better immune modulators, stratify high risk patients and tailor anti-inflammatory treatments, potentially expanding the ability to treat respiratory virus outbreaks in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Forbester
- Division of Infection and Immunity/Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
| | - Ian R Humphreys
- Division of Infection and Immunity/Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
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50
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Khan MS, Shahid I, Anker SD, Solomon SD, Vardeny O, Michos ED, Fonarow GC, Butler J. Cardiovascular implications of COVID-19 versus influenza infection: a review. BMC Med 2020; 18:403. [PMID: 33334360 PMCID: PMC7746485 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01816-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the overlapping clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and influenza, parallels are often drawn between the two diseases. Patients with pre-existing cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are at a higher risk for severe manifestations of both illnesses. Considering the high transmission rate of COVID-19 and with the seasonal influenza approaching in late 2020, the dual epidemics of COVID-19 and influenza pose serious cardiovascular implications. This review highlights the similarities and differences between influenza and COVID-19 and the potential risks associated with coincident pandemics. MAIN BODY COVID-19 has a higher mortality compared to influenza with case fatality rate almost 15 times more than that of influenza. Additionally, a significantly increased risk of adverse outcomes has been noted in patients with CVD, with ~ 15 to 70% of COVID-19 related deaths having an underlying CVD. The critical care need have ranged from 5 to 79% of patients hospitalized due to COVID-19, a proportion substantially higher than with influenza. Similarly, the frequency of vascular thrombosis including deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism is markedly higher in COVID-19 patients compared with influenza in which vascular complications are rarely seen. Unexpectedly, while peak influenza season is associated with increased cardiovascular hospitalizations, a decrease of ~ 50% in cardiovascular hospitalizations has been observed since the first diagnosed case of COVID-19, owing in part to deferred care. CONCLUSION In the coming months, increasing efforts towards evaluating new interventions will be vital to curb COVID-19, especially as peak influenza season approaches. Currently, not enough data exist regarding co-infection of COVID-19 with influenza or how it would progress clinically, though it may cause a significant burden on an already struggling health care system. Until an effective COVID-19 vaccination is available, high coverage of influenza vaccination should be of utmost priority.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Izza Shahid
- Department of Medicine, Ziauddin Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology (CVK), and Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Scott D Solomon
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Heart & Vascular Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Erin D Michos
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gregg C Fonarow
- Division of Cardiology, Ronald Reagan-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Javed Butler
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
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