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Goñi I, García-Alonso A, Alba C, Rodríguez JM, Sánchez-Mata MC, Guillén-Bejarano R, Redondo-Cuenca A. Composition and Functional Properties of the Edible Spear and By-Products from Asparagus officinalis L. and Their Potential Prebiotic Effect. Foods 2024; 13:1154. [PMID: 38672827 PMCID: PMC11049112 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Asparagus is a healthy food appreciated for its organoleptic characteristics, nutritional composition and physiological properties. During its industrial processing, a large amount of by-products are generated, since only the apical part of the vegetable is considered edible and a large amount of by-products are generated that could be of nutritional interest. Therefore, the nutritional composition of the edible part and the two by-products of the plant (root and stem) was evaluated, including dietary fiber, inulin, low-molecular-weight carbohydrates, low-molecular-weight polyphenols and macromolecular polyphenols. The hydration properties, oil retention capacity, glucose retardation index and impact on bacterial growth of both probiotic bacteria and pathogenic strains were determined. All samples were high in fiber (>22 g/100 g dw), fructans (>1.5 g/100 g dw) and polyphenolic compounds (>3 g/100 g dw) and had good water-, oil- and glucose-binding capacity. In addition, they promoted the growth of probiotic strains but not pathogenic ones. The effects were more pronounced in the spear by-product samples and appear to be related to the components of dietary fiber. The results indicate that edible spear has potential beneficial effects on host health and microbiota when ingested as part of a healthy diet, while the by-products could be used as supplements and/or as natural ingredients in fiber-enriched foods that require emulsification and are intended to achieve a prebiotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Goñi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.G.); (C.A.); (J.M.R.); (M.C.S.-M.); (A.R.-C.)
| | - Alejandra García-Alonso
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.G.); (C.A.); (J.M.R.); (M.C.S.-M.); (A.R.-C.)
| | - Claudio Alba
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.G.); (C.A.); (J.M.R.); (M.C.S.-M.); (A.R.-C.)
| | - Juan Miguel Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.G.); (C.A.); (J.M.R.); (M.C.S.-M.); (A.R.-C.)
| | - María Cortes Sánchez-Mata
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.G.); (C.A.); (J.M.R.); (M.C.S.-M.); (A.R.-C.)
| | - Rafael Guillén-Bejarano
- Phytochemicals and Food Quality Group, Instituto de la Grasa, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 41013 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Araceli Redondo-Cuenca
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.G.); (C.A.); (J.M.R.); (M.C.S.-M.); (A.R.-C.)
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2
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Orozco-Flores L, Salas E, Rocha-Gutiérrez B, Peralta-Pérez MD, González-Sánchez G, Ballinas-Casarrubias L. Determination of Polyphenolic Profile of Apple Pomace ( Malus domestica Golden Delicious Variety) by HPLC-MS. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:196-203. [PMID: 38222520 PMCID: PMC10785061 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Apple (Malus domestica Borkh) is an appreciated source of polyphenols. Phenolic compounds are known as natural antioxidants and have a wide range of applications in different industries. Apple pomace has the potential of being an alternative source of polyphenols. To determine the polyphenolic profile of apple pomace, samples from the skin at two different stages of ripening were extracted with 80-20% EtOH-water/acetic acid 5% (S1) and 20-80% EtOH-water/acetic acid 5% (S2) in order to determine the solvent system. Ripe skins extracted with S1 showed a higher total polyphenol content or TPC (1.21 g of polyphenols per 100 g of fresh weight (FW)) than unripe apple skin, being the most effective system tested and a mean degree of polymerization of 2.47. Commercial apple pomace was extracted with S1, resulting in a TPC of 0.5615 ± 0.007 g of polyphenols per 100 g of FW. Meanwhile, the RP-HPLC-MS analysis led to the tentative identification of several polyphenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura
A. Orozco-Flores
- Facultad
de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad
Autónoma de Chihuahua (UACH), Circuito Universitario Campus II, Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico
| | - Erika Salas
- Facultad
de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad
Autónoma de Chihuahua (UACH), Circuito Universitario Campus II, Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Rocha-Gutiérrez
- Facultad
de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad
Autónoma de Chihuahua (UACH), Circuito Universitario Campus II, Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico
| | - María Del
R. Peralta-Pérez
- Facultad
de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad
Autónoma de Chihuahua (UACH), Circuito Universitario Campus II, Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico
| | - Guillermo González-Sánchez
- Departamento
de Medio Ambiente y Energía, Centro
de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados (CIMAV), Miguel de Cervantes 120 Complejo
Industrial Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31136, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Ballinas-Casarrubias
- Facultad
de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad
Autónoma de Chihuahua (UACH), Circuito Universitario Campus II, Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico
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3
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Sha SP, Modak D, Sarkar S, Roy SK, Sah SP, Ghatani K, Bhattacharjee S. Fruit waste: a current perspective for the sustainable production of pharmacological, nutraceutical, and bioactive resources. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1260071. [PMID: 37942074 PMCID: PMC10628478 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1260071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruits are crucial components of a balanced diet and a good source of natural antioxidants, that have proven efficacy in various chronic illnesses. Various kinds of waste generated from fruit industries are considered a global concern. By utilizing this fruit waste, the international goal of "zero waste" can be achieved by sustainable utilization of these waste materials as a rich source of secondary metabolites. Moreover, to overcome this waste burden, research have focused on recovering the bioactive compounds from fruit industries and obtaining a new strategy to combat certain chronic diseases. The separation of high-value substances from fruit waste, including phytochemicals, dietary fibers, and polysaccharides which can then be used as functional ingredients for long-term health benefits. Several novel extraction technologies like ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) could provide an alternative approach for successful extraction of the valuable bioactives from the fruit waste for their utilization as nutraceuticals, therapeutics, and value-added products. Most of these waste-derived secondary metabolites comprise polyphenols, which have been reported to have anti-inflammatory, insulin resistance-treating, cardiovascular disease-maintaining, probiotics-enhancing, or even anti-microbial and anti-viral capabilities. This review summarizes the current knowledge of fruit waste by-products in pharmacological, biological, and probiotic applications and highlights several methods for identifying efficacious bioactive compounds from fruit wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Prasad Sha
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Kurseong College, Kurseong, India
| | - Debabrata Modak
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, India
| | - Sourav Sarkar
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, India
| | - Sudipta Kumar Roy
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, India
| | - Sumit Prasad Sah
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Kurseong College, Kurseong, India
| | - Kriti Ghatani
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Technology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, India
| | - Soumen Bhattacharjee
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, India
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Gurev A, Cesko T, Dragancea V, Ghendov-Mosanu A, Pintea A, Sturza R. Ultrasound- and Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Pectin from Apple Pomace and Its Effect on the Quality of Fruit Bars. Foods 2023; 12:2773. [PMID: 37509865 PMCID: PMC10379369 DOI: 10.3390/foods12142773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The article investigates the process of pectin extraction using ultrasonic and microwave techniques from apple pomace generated during juice production in the context of circular bioeconomy. The extraction yield, equivalent mass, content of methoxyl groups, content of anhydrogalacturonic acid, and degree of esterification of pectin were investigated. These indicators varied depending on the parameters and extraction method. The resulting pectin displayed a co-extracted total polyphenol content (TPC) ranging from 2.16 to 13.05 mg GAE/g DW and a DPPH radical inhibition capacity of 4.32-18.86 μmol TE/g. It was found that the antioxidant activity of raw pectin is correlated with TPC and with the content of terminal groups released during the polysaccharide degradation process. The extracted pectin was used as a binding and coating agent for dried fruit bars. Evaluation of water activity (aw), TPC and total flavonoid content (TFC), together with sensory and microbiological analyses of the fruit bars over a period of 360 days, revealed a protective effect of pectin: reducing moisture loss, minimizing the degradation of bioactive compounds during storage, and maintaining the potential antioxidant activity of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Gurev
- Faculty of Food Technology, Technical University of Moldova, 9/9 Studentilor St., MD-2045 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Tatiana Cesko
- Faculty of Food Technology, Technical University of Moldova, 9/9 Studentilor St., MD-2045 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Veronica Dragancea
- Faculty of Food Technology, Technical University of Moldova, 9/9 Studentilor St., MD-2045 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Aliona Ghendov-Mosanu
- Faculty of Food Technology, Technical University of Moldova, 9/9 Studentilor St., MD-2045 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Adela Pintea
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Manasturs St., 4003724 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rodica Sturza
- Faculty of Food Technology, Technical University of Moldova, 9/9 Studentilor St., MD-2045 Chisinau, Moldova
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5
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Zhuang WB, Li YH, Shu XC, Pu YT, Wang XJ, Wang T, Wang Z. The Classification, Molecular Structure and Biological Biosynthesis of Flavonoids, and Their Roles in Biotic and Abiotic Stresses. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083599. [PMID: 37110833 PMCID: PMC10147097 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
With the climate constantly changing, plants suffer more frequently from various abiotic and biotic stresses. However, they have evolved biosynthetic machinery to survive in stressful environmental conditions. Flavonoids are involved in a variety of biological activities in plants, which can protect plants from different biotic (plant-parasitic nematodes, fungi and bacteria) and abiotic stresses (salt stress, drought stress, UV, higher and lower temperatures). Flavonoids contain several subgroups, including anthocyanidins, flavonols, flavones, flavanols, flavanones, chalcones, dihydrochalcones and dihydroflavonols, which are widely distributed in various plants. As the pathway of flavonoid biosynthesis has been well studied, many researchers have applied transgenic technologies in order to explore the molecular mechanism of genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis; as such, many transgenic plants have shown a higher stress tolerance through the regulation of flavonoid content. In the present review, the classification, molecular structure and biological biosynthesis of flavonoids were summarized, and the roles of flavonoids under various forms of biotic and abiotic stress in plants were also included. In addition, the effect of applying genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis on the enhancement of plant tolerance under various biotic and abiotic stresses was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Bing Zhuang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yu-Hang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Shu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yu-Ting Pu
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
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6
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Teixeira JD, Soares Mateus AR, Sanchez C, Parpot P, Almeida C, Sanches Silva A. Antioxidant Capacity and Phenolics Profile of Portuguese Traditional Cultivars of Apples and Pears and Their By-Products: On the Way to Newer Applications. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071537. [PMID: 37048358 PMCID: PMC10094612 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pears (Pyrus communis L.) and apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) are two of the most popular fruits worldwide. The phenolic compounds they offer are associated with human health benefits due to their antioxidant properties. Since these fruits’ by-products are not yet fully exploited, it is important to characterize them, especially in terms of their antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to determine the antioxidant properties of old traditional cultivars, six regional pear cultivars and five regional apple cultivars grown in the Alcobaça region (Portugal). Antioxidant capacity assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant properties. Generally, the antioxidant capacity, total phenolics content (TPC), and total flavonoids content (TFC) of fruit byproducts (both seeds and peels) were higher than the corresponding mesocarp, indicating their potential as sources of beneficial antioxidant compounds. Moreover, a UHPLC-ToF-MS method was optimized and validated in order to quantify 21 distinct phenolics in these fruit samples. The analytical method’s suitability for quantifying phenolic compounds was demonstrated by an evaluation of linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision and accuracy. This method was used to determine the phenolic composition of samples of regional (local) cultivars. The phenolics in the fruit samples with the highest concentrations were phlorizin and chlorogenic acid. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to separate distinct fruit species while emphasizing their similarities and differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- João David Teixeira
- National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Rua dos Lágidos, Lugar da Madalena, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal
- Center for Study in Animal Science (CECA), ICETA, University of Porto, 4050-453 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Soares Mateus
- National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Rua dos Lágidos, Lugar da Madalena, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal
- Center for Study in Animal Science (CECA), ICETA, University of Porto, 4050-453 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Stª Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAVQ, R. D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4501-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Claudia Sanchez
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., 2460-059 Alcobaça, Portugal
- GREEN-IT—Bioresources for Sustainability R&D Unit, ITQB NOVA, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Pier Parpot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, 4704-553 Braga, Portugal
- Center of Biological Chemistry, University of Minho, 4704-553 Braga, Portugal
| | - Carina Almeida
- National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Rua dos Lágidos, Lugar da Madalena, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- AliCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Sanches Silva
- National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Rua dos Lágidos, Lugar da Madalena, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal
- Center for Study in Animal Science (CECA), ICETA, University of Porto, 4050-453 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Stª Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (Al4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
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Malik F, Iqbal A, Zia S, Ranjha MMAN, Khalid W, Nadeem M, Selim S, Hadidi M, Moreno A, Manzoor MF, Kowalczewski PŁ, Aadil RM. Role and mechanism of fruit waste polyphenols in diabetes management. OPEN CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2022-0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Among various diseases in humans, diabetes is one of the most complicated disorders resulting either from the malfunctioning of β cells, causing a poor discharge of insulin from them, or poor functioning of the liberated insulin. A wide array of chemical compounds so-called secondary metabolites are present in plants. These phytochemicals are produced as by-products of metabolism and play a key role in plant protection. However, in humans, they offer several beneficial functions. Polyphenols are an important class of phytochemicals and apart from fruits, they are also found in their major wastes mainly including the peel, pomace, and seed. The current review is aimed to focus on the potential sources, distribution, and extraction/isolation of polyphenols from major fruit wastes along with highlighting their medicinal and therapeutic benefits, especially in the management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiqa Malik
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha , Sargodha , Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Iqbal
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha , Sargodha , Pakistan
| | - Sabika Zia
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha , Sargodha , Pakistan
| | | | - Waseem Khalid
- Department of Food Science, Government College University Faisalabad , Faisalabad , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha , Sargodha , Pakistan
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University , Sakaka 72341 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Milad Hadidi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha , 13071 , Ciudad Real , Spain
| | - Andres Moreno
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha , 13071 , Ciudad Real , Spain
| | - Muhammad Faisal Manzoor
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Food Manufacturing, Foshan University , Foshan , China
| | | | - Rana Muhammad Aadil
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , 38000 , Pakistan
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8
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Hobbi P, Okoro OV, Hajiabbas M, Hamidi M, Nie L, Megalizzi V, Musonge P, Dodi G, Shavandi A. Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity and Cytocompatibility of Polyphenolic Compounds Extracted from Food Industry Apple Waste: Potential in Biomedical Application. Molecules 2023; 28:675. [PMID: 36677733 PMCID: PMC9864418 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Apple pomace (AP) from the food industry is a mixture of different fractions containing bioactive polyphenolic compounds. This study provides a systematic approach toward the recovery and evaluation of the physiochemical and biological properties of polyphenolic compounds from AP. We studied subcritical water extraction (SCW) and solvent extraction with ethanol from four different AP fractions of pulp, peel, seed, core, and stem (A), peel (B), seed and core (C), and pulp and peel (D). The subcritical water method at the optimum condition resulted in total polyphenolic compounds (TPC) of 39.08 ± 1.10 mg GAE per g of AP on a dry basis compared to the ethanol extraction with TPC content of 10.78 ± 0.94 mg GAE/g db. Phloridzin, chlorogenic acid, and quercetin were the main identified polyphenolics in the AP fractions using HPLC. DPPH radical scavenging activity of fraction B and subcritical water (SW) extracts showed comparable activity to ascorbic acid while all ethanolic extracts were cytocompatible toward human fibroblast (3T3-L1) and salivary gland acinar cells (NS-SV-AC). Our results indicated that AP is a rich source of polyphenolics with the potential for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Hobbi
- École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 3BIO-BioMatter, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Oseweuba Valentine Okoro
- École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 3BIO-BioMatter, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maryam Hajiabbas
- École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 3BIO-BioMatter, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, Blg G/E CP 611, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Masoud Hamidi
- École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 3BIO-BioMatter, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht 41887-94755, Iran
| | - Lei Nie
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University (XYNU), Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Véronique Megalizzi
- Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis & Drug Discovery Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paul Musonge
- Institute of Systems Science, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa
- Faculty of Engineering, Mangosuthu University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Gianina Dodi
- Advanced Centre for Research-Development in Experimental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Amin Shavandi
- École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 3BIO-BioMatter, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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9
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Oleszek M, Kowalska I, Bertuzzi T, Oleszek W. Phytochemicals Derived from Agricultural Residues and Their Valuable Properties and Applications. Molecules 2023; 28:342. [PMID: 36615534 PMCID: PMC9823944 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Billions of tons of agro-industrial residues are produced worldwide. This is associated with the risk of pollution as well as management and economic problems. Simultaneously, non-edible portions of many crops are rich in bioactive compounds with valuable properties. For this reason, developing various methods for utilizing agro-industrial residues as a source of high-value by-products is very important. The main objective of the paper is a review of the newest studies on biologically active compounds included in non-edible parts of crops with the highest amount of waste generated annually in the world. The review also provides the newest data on the chemical and biological properties, as well as the potential application of phytochemicals from such waste. The review shows that, in 2020, there were above 6 billion tonnes of residues only from the most popular crops. The greatest amount is generated during sugar, oil, and flour production. All described residues contain valuable phytochemicals that exhibit antioxidant, antimicrobial and very often anti-cancer activity. Many studies show interesting applications, mainly in pharmaceuticals and food production, but also in agriculture and wastewater remediation, as well as metal and steel industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Oleszek
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Iwona Kowalska
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Terenzio Bertuzzi
- DIANA, Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via E. Parmense, 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Wiesław Oleszek
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
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10
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Redondo-Cuenca A, García-Alonso A, Rodríguez-Arcos R, Castro I, Alba C, Miguel Rodríguez J, Goñi I. Nutritional composition of green asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.), edible part and by-products, and assessment of their effect on the growth of human gut-associated bacteria. Food Res Int 2023; 163:112284. [PMID: 36596190 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Asparagus is considered a healthy food with a high content of bioactive compounds. In this study, the proximate and mineral composition, non-digestible carbohydrates and bioactive compounds of edible spear, spear by-product and root have been evaluated. Their activity on the growth of human gut-associated bacteria has been studied. The results support the high nutritional and functional value of the asparagus, including its by-products, highlighting the potential of the non-edible parts to be used as prebiotics. A remarkable content in xylose, inulin, flavonoids and saponins has been found. It has been shown that the spear by-product can be selectively used to promote the growth of commensal or probiotic lactobacilli and bifidobacteria strains. It has been confirmed that any part of the asparagus has a potential future as a healthy food or as health-promoting ingredients, however more work is required to identify the compounds able to modulate the human gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Redondo-Cuenca
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy. Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandra García-Alonso
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy. Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rocio Rodríguez-Arcos
- Phytochemicals and Food Quality Group, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Pablo de Olavide Universitary Campus, Building 46, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Irma Castro
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy. Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudio Alba
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy. Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy. Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Goñi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy. Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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11
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Nakhate KT, Badwaik H, Choudhary R, Sakure K, Agrawal YO, Sharma C, Ojha S, Goyal SN. Therapeutic Potential and Pharmaceutical Development of a Multitargeted Flavonoid Phloretin. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173638. [PMID: 36079895 PMCID: PMC9460114 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phloretin is a flavonoid of the dihydrogen chalcone class, present abundantly in apples and strawberries. The beneficial effects of phloretin are mainly associated with its potent antioxidant properties. Phloretin modulates several signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms to exhibit therapeutic benefits against various diseases including cancers, diabetes, liver injury, kidney injury, encephalomyelitis, ulcerative colitis, asthma, arthritis, and cognitive impairment. It ameliorates the complications associated with diabetes such as cardiomyopathy, hypertension, depression, memory impairment, delayed wound healing, and peripheral neuropathy. It is effective against various microbial infections including Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Considering the therapeutic benefits, it generated interest for the pharmaceutical development. However, poor oral bioavailability is the major drawback. Therefore, efforts have been undertaken to enhance its bioavailability by modifying physicochemical properties and molecular structure, and developing nanoformulations. In the present review, we discussed the pharmacological actions, underlying mechanisms and molecular targets of phloretin. Moreover, the review provides insights into physicochemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics, and approaches to promote the pharmaceutical development of phloretin for its therapeutic applications in the future. Although convincing experimental data are reported, human studies are not available. In order to ascertain its safety, further preclinical studies are needed to encourage its pharmaceutical and clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik T. Nakhate
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hemant Badwaik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Shankaracharya Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bhilai 490020, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Rajesh Choudhary
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Shankaracharya College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bhilai 490020, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Kalyani Sakure
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bhilai 490024, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Yogeeta O. Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (S.O.); (S.N.G.)
| | - Sameer N. Goyal
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India
- Correspondence: (S.O.); (S.N.G.)
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12
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Bar M, Binduga UE, Szychowski KA. Methods of Isolation of Active Substances from Garlic ( Allium sativum L.) and Its Impact on the Composition and Biological Properties of Garlic Extracts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1345. [PMID: 35883836 PMCID: PMC9312217 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is widely used in the human diet and in scientific research due to its biological properties. Various factors, e.g., temperature, pressure, extraction method, type of solvent, size, and territorial origin of garlic, affect the amount and type of bioactive compounds obtained from garlic extracts. In turn, the content of bioactive compounds correlates with the biological activity of the extracts. Therefore, the aim of this review was to summarize the current state of knowledge of the methods and effectiveness of isolation of active substances from garlic and their impact on the garlic extract composition and, consequently, biological properties. According to the literature, extracts obtained using water as a solvent are mainly responsible for antimicrobial properties, which is related to, inter alia, the high content of allicin. The use of alcohols, such as methanol or ethanol, is associated with the outstanding antioxidant power of extracts resulting from the presence of phenolic compounds. In turn, due to the presence of diallyl disulfide and disulfide trisulfide, garlic oil has anticancer potential. Acetone is the most effective organic solvent; however, it is not suitable for immediate consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Bar
- Department of Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Urszula E. Binduga
- Department of Lifestyle Disorders and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Konrad A. Szychowski
- Department of Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland;
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13
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Liu T, Gong T, Wang F, Zhou X, Yang Y, Guo Y. Antibacteria activities of phenolics from "Jinshiji" thinned-young apple on halitosis-related bacteria. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Sun X, Wang J, Li C, Zheng M, Zhang Q, Xiang W, Tang J. The Use of γ-Aminobutyric Acid-Producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae SC125 for Functional Fermented Beverage Production from Apple Juice. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091202. [PMID: 35563926 PMCID: PMC9102084 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of functional fermented beverages enriched with γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been pursued because of the health benefits of GABA; however, few studies have described GABA production by yeast. Therefore, this study aimed to produce fermented apple beverages enriched with GABA produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae SC125. Golden Delicious apples were fermented by S. cerevisiae SC125 to produce a novel functional beverage; commercial yeast was used as the control. The GABA, organic acid, and volatile compound content during the fermentation process was investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography and headspace solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A yield of 898.35 ± 10.10 mg/L GABA was achieved by the efficient bioconversion of L-monosodium glutamate. Notably, the S. cerevisiae SC125-fermented beverage produced several unique volatile compounds, such as esters, alcohols, 6-decenoic acid, and 3-hydroxy−2-butanone, and showed significantly enhanced contents of organic acids, including malic acids, citric acid, and quinic acid. Sensory analysis demonstrated that the S. cerevisiae SC125-fermented apple beverage had improved aroma, flavor, and overall acceptability. In conclusion, a fermented functional apple beverage containing GABA was efficiently produced using S. cerevisiae SC125.
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15
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Analysis of Fatty Acids, Amino Acids and Volatile Profile of Apple By-Products by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061987. [PMID: 35335349 PMCID: PMC8955822 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Apple industrial by-products are a promising source of bioactive compounds with direct implications on human health. The main goal of the present work was to characterize the Jonathan and Golden Delicious by-products from their fatty acid, amino acid, and volatile aroma compounds’ point of view. GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) and ITEX/GC-MS methods were used for the by-products characterization. Linoleic and oleic were the main fatty acids identified in all samples, while palmitic and stearic acid were the representant of saturated ones. With respect to amino acids, from the essential group, isoleucine was the majority compound identified in JS (Jonathan skin) and GS (Golden skin) samples, lysine was the representant of JP (Jonathan pomace), and valine was mainly identified in GP (Golden pomace). A total number of 47 aroma volatile compounds were quantified in all samples, from which the esters groups ranged from 41.55–53.29%, aldehydes 29.75–43.99%, alcohols from 4.15 to 6.37%, ketones 4.14–5.72%, and the terpenes and terpenoids group reached values between 2.27% and 4.61%. Moreover, the by-products were valorized in biscuits manufacturing, highlighting their importance in enhancing the volatile aroma compounds, color, and sensorial analysis of the final baked goods.
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16
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Fan Y, Li C, Li Y, Huang R, Guo M, Liu J, Sun T, Ge Y. Postharvest melatonin dipping maintains quality of apples by mediating sucrose metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 174:43-50. [PMID: 35123260 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Senescence is a pivotal factor that causes quality breakdown and economic loss of fruit after harvest. In this study, 'Golden Delicious' apples were used as the materials to investigate the effect of melatonin dipping on quality parameters and sucrose metabolism during room temperature storage. Postharvest melatonin treatment inhibited respiratory intensity and ethylene release, increased flesh firmness, soluble sugar, ascorbic acid, and soluble solid contents, and titratable acid in apples. Furthermore, melatonin treatment inhibited acid invertase and neutral invertase activities, increased sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase activities, and repressed the activities of sorbitol dehydrogenase, sorbitol oxidase and sucrose synthase cleavage in apple fruit. All these findings suggest that exogenous application of melatonin could maintain quality of 'Golden Delicious' apples by mediating the enzyme activity in sucrose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Fan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China
| | - Canying Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China.
| | - Yihan Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China
| | - Rui Huang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China
| | - Mi Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China
| | - Tong Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China
| | - Yonghong Ge
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, PR China.
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17
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Liu T, Shen H, Wang F, Zhou X, Zhao P, Yang Y, Guo Y. Thinned-Young Apple Polyphenols Inhibit Halitosis-Related Bacteria Through Damage to the Cell Membrane. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:745100. [PMID: 35281303 PMCID: PMC8905352 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.745100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The thinned young apple is a by-product and is generally discarded in the orchard during fruit thinning. The polyphenol content of thinned young apples is about 10 times more than that of ripe apples. In our study, the antibacterial effect of thinned young apple polyphenols (YAP) on the halitosis-related bacteria including Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedius, and Fusobacterium nucleatum was investigated. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of YAP against P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, and F. nucleatum were 8.0, 8.0, and 12.0 mg/ml, while the minimum bactericidal concentrations were 10.0, 10.0, and 14.0 mg/ml, respectively. The scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses showed that after YAP treatment, the membrane surface of halitosis-related bacterial cells was coarse and the cell wall and membrane were separated and eventually ruptured. The integrity of the cell membrane was determined by flow cytometry, indicating that the cells with the integrity membrane significantly reduced as the YAP concentration treatment increased. The release of proteins and nucleic acids into the cell suspension significantly increased, and the membrane potential reduced after the YAP treatment. This research illustrated the antibacterial mechanism of YAP against halitosis-related bacteria and provided a scientific basis of utilizing the polyphenols from the discarded thinned young apples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- National Research and Development Center of Apple Processing Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Hailiang Shen
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Furong Wang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- National Research and Development Center of Apple Processing Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Xueru Zhou
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- National Research and Development Center of Apple Processing Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Pengtao Zhao
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- National Research and Development Center of Apple Processing Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Yali Yang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- National Research and Development Center of Apple Processing Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Yurong Guo
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- National Research and Development Center of Apple Processing Technology, Xi’an, China
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18
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Kamdi SP, Badwaik HR, Raval A, Ajazuddin, Nakhate KT. Ameliorative potential of phloridzin in type 2 diabetes-induced memory deficits in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 913:174645. [PMID: 34800467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes associated oxidative stress and impaired cholinergic neurotransmission causes cognitive deficits. Although phloridzin shows antioxidant- and insulin sensitizing-activities, its ameliorative potential in diabetes-induced memory dysfunction remains unexplored. In the present study, type 2 diabetes (T2D) was induced by streptozotocin (35 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) in rats on ad libitum high-fat diet. Diabetic animals were treated orally with phloridzin (10 and 20 mg/kg) for four weeks. Memory functions were evaluated by passive avoidance test (PAT) and novel object recognition (NOR) test. Brains of rats were subjected to biochemical analysis of glutathione (GSH), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), malonaldehyde (MDA) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Role of cholinergic system in the effects of phloridzin was evaluated by scopolamine pre-treatment in behavioral studies. While diabetic rats showed a significant decrease in step through latency in PAT, and exploration time and discrimination index in NOR test; a substantial increase in all parameters was observed following phloridzin treatment. Phloridzin reversed abnormal levels of GSH, BDNF, MDA and AChE in the brain of diabetic animals. Moreover, in silico molecular docking study revealed that phloridzin acts as a potent agonist at M1 receptor as compared to acetylcholine. Viewed collectively, reversal of T2D-induced memory impairment by phloridzin might be attributed to upregulation of neurotrophic factors, reduced oxidative stress and increased cholinergic signaling in the brain. Therefore, phloridzin may be a promising molecule in the management of cognitive impairment comorbid with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandesh P Kamdi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pacific Academy of Higher Education and Research University, Udaipur, 313001, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Hemant R Badwaik
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bhilai, 490024, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Amit Raval
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pacific Academy of Higher Education and Research University, Udaipur, 313001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ajazuddin
- School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Shirpur, 425405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kartik T Nakhate
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bhilai, 490024, Chhattisgarh, India; Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule, 424001, Maharashtra, India
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19
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Nile A, Nile SH, Shin J, Park G, Oh JW. Quercetin-3-Glucoside Extracted from Apple Pomace Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis by Increasing Intracellular ROS Levels. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10749. [PMID: 34639090 PMCID: PMC8509831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a life-threatening disease and the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide. Apple pomace is a multifunctional phenolic compound possessing effective biological activity against cervical cancer cells. This study aimed to investigate the anticancer effects of quercetin-3-glucoside (Q3G) extracted from apple pomace in HeLa cell lines and analyze its molecular mechanisms. High-performance liquid chromatography revealed that Q3G, coumaric acid, phloridzin, quercetin, and phloretin are the major polyphenolic compounds constituting apple pomace. Among them, Q3G possessed the greatest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and exhibited significant cytotoxic effects in HeLa cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that Q3G induced cell cycle arrest at the S phase in a time-dependent manner by altering cyclin-dependent kinase 2. Moreover, it induced apoptosis via chromosomal DNA degradation and increased reactive oxygen species generation. Furthermore, Q3G treatment altered the apoptosis-associated protein expression in the cells by activating caspase-9/-3, downregulating anti-apoptosis protein B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2 expressions and up regulating the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2-associated X protein. BH3-interacting domain death agonist cleavage occurred prior to the degradation of an anti-apoptotic Mu-2-related death-inducing gene involved in cell death signaling. Consequently, apple pomace Q3G holds promise as an anti-inflammatory and anticancer agent for treating cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Nile
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (A.N.); (J.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Shivraj Hariram Nile
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China;
| | - Juhyun Shin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (A.N.); (J.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Gyunseok Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (A.N.); (J.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Jae-Wook Oh
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (A.N.); (J.S.); (G.P.)
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20
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The effect of different pressurized fluids on the extraction of anthocyanins and total phenolics from cranberry pomace. J Supercrit Fluids 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2021.105279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Arraibi AA, Liberal Â, Dias MI, Alves MJ, Ferreira ICFR, Barros L, Barreira JCM. Chemical and Bioactive Characterization of Spanish and Belgian Apple Pomace for Its Potential Use as a Novel Dermocosmetic Formulation. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081949. [PMID: 34441726 PMCID: PMC8394917 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is a general trend towards reutilizing industrial by-products that would otherwise be discarded or considered as waste, aiming to explore them as alternative sources of valuable compounds. The apple pomace remaining from cider and apple juice industries represents a high-potential source of bioactive compounds with putative application in food or pharmaceutical-related products. Accordingly, the work reported herein was conducted to characterize the phenolic compounds in apple pomace from Belgium and Spain, as well as to evaluate its chemical composition and particular types of bioactivity. As a proof of concept, a new hydrogel was prepared, incorporated with the bioactive compounds and pectin extracted from apple pomace, aiming to obtain the most organic formulation possible. Independently of the extracting agent, it became evident that using lyophilization as the drying step is a better choice than thermal processes as it yielded a richer phenolic profile (fifteen individual compounds), with 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid as the major compound (66 to 114 mg/100 g dw) in Belgian samples. In general, the hydroethanolic extracts showed the strongest antioxidant and antimicrobial (particularly against Propionibacterium acnes: MIC = 2.5 mg/mL) activities. This result, together with the lipid nature of human skin, led it to be chosen as the extract type to be incorporated in the hydrogel. In general, apple pomace stood out as a valuable source of bioactive compounds, especially polyphenols and pectin, with good potential to be incorporated in dermal formulations.
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22
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Bio-based films prepared with apple pomace: Volatiles compound composition and mechanical, antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Efficacy of the Aqueous Extract of Azadirachta indica Against the Marine Parasitic Leech and Its Phytochemical Profiling. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071908. [PMID: 33805254 PMCID: PMC8037938 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Zeylanicobdella arugamensis (Hirudinea), a marine parasitic leech, not only resulted in the mortality of the host fish (Groupers) but also caused economic losses. The current study aimed to elucidate the antiparasitic efficacy of the aqueous extract of the Azadirachta indica leaves against Z. arugamensis and to profile the composition via LC-Q Exactive HF Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Different concentrations (25, 50 and 100 mg/mL) of A. indica extract were prepared and tested on the parasitic leeches. The total mortality of leeches was noticed with an exposure to the A. indica aqueous extract. The average times required for the aqueous extract at concentrations of 25, 50 and 100 mg/mL to kill the leeches were 42.65 ± 9.20, 11.69 ± 1.11 and 6.45 ± 0.45 min, respectively, in a dose-dependent manner. The Orbitrap mass spectrometry analysis indicated the presence of five flavonoids (myricetin 3-O-galactoside, trifolin, isorhamnetin, quercetin and kaempferol), four aromatics (4-methoxy benzaldehyde, scopoletin, indole-3-acrylic acid and 2,4-quinolinediol), three phenolics (p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and phloretin) and two terpenoids (pulegone and caryophyllene oxide). Thus, our study indicates that A. indica aqueous extract is a good source of metabolites with the potential to act as a biocontrol agent against the marine parasitic leech in aquaculture.
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Varietal influence on phenolic constituents and nutritive characteristics of pomace obtained from apples grown in western Himalayas. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2021; 58:166-174. [PMID: 33505061 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04526-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Apple fruit processing is not variety specific in India, which affect the overall quality of the final processed product. The present study was aimed at elucidation of the nutritive value, phenolic content, antioxidant activity and bioactive phenolic constituents of five widely used apple varieties (Royal Delicious, Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, Red Chief and Red Gold) of western Himalayas. The pomace obtained from different varieties was evaluated to assess the fruit quality. Royal Delicious pomace had significantly high (p < 0.05) total dietary fibre content (42.63 ± 1.26%) together with soluble (8.25 ± 0.95%) and insoluble fibre (32.90 ± 0.89%), as compared to other apple varieties. The pomace samples were extracted with 70% aqueous methanol to obtain polyphenol enriched extracts. The results of Folin-Ciocalteau assay showed that hydroalcoholic extract of Royal Delicious pomace exhibit higher phenolic content as compared to other varieties and ranged between 2.19 ± 0.09 and 4.59 ± 0.47 mg GAE/g. Royal Delicious pomace also possess higher antioxidant capacity i.e. 3.35 ± 0.10 mg/g, 2.71 ± 0.10 mg/g and 4.67 ± 0.03 mg/g as measured by DPPH, ABTS free radical scavenging assay and FRAP reducing assay, respectively. The higher phenolic content in Royal Delicious pomace was also confirmed by RP-HPLC-DAD analysis. Results of HPLC analysis revealed the presence of phloridzin (487.07 ± 0.04 µg/g), quercetin (241.18 ± 0.03 µg/g), quercitrin (178.34 ± 0.02 µg/g) and quercetin-3-glucoside (195.21 ± 0.05 µg/g) as major constituents. Present results indicate that Royal Delicious variety is rich in dietary fibre and phenolic compounds that might be used by the food sector as a source of bioactive health promoting constituents/dietary supplements.
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Attachment and survival of bacteria on apples with the creation of a kinetic mathematical model. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:837-846. [PMID: 33484470 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00425-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The estimation of growth or inactivation of bacterial population in fruits during preservation and storage provides useful information for the improvement of the safety of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables. This paper addressed the attachment to the surface and the growth in the flesh of apple fruits of four bacterial cultures (Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The growth of the bacterial cultures in apple flesh was monitored at particular time intervals, and Gompertz parameters, i.e. maximum number of bacteria (Pm), the maximum growth rate of bacteria rp,m, and lag time tl, were used to determine the growth kinetics. After the immersion, the highest number of P. aeruginosa and the lowest number of B. cereus adhered to the apples. After washing and swabbing, E. coli was reduced from the surface of apples to the highest extent (by 3.34 log cfu g-1), while the number of B. cereus was reduced to the lowest extent (1.66 log cfu g-1). Fitted curves of the Gompertz model corresponded quite well to the measured values of the number of microorganisms with R2 = 0.92-0.98. The values of the standard error (0.17-0.37) and extremely low p values of the Fischer test (p < 0.0001) indicated strict dependence between the model predicted and the maximum population density. The predicted values of the maximum number of microorganisms (Pm) correspond almost exactly to the actual values. A similar conclusion can be drawn for the maximum growth rate of microorganisms (rp,m), with the measured value being slightly higher than predicted values.
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Gaber Ahmed GH, Fernández-González A, Díaz García ME. Nano-encapsulation of grape and apple pomace phenolic extract in chitosan and soy protein via nanoemulsification. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.105806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Malus domestica: A Review on Nutritional Features, Chemical Composition, Traditional and Medicinal Value. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111408. [PMID: 33105724 PMCID: PMC7690411 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Fruit-derived bioactive substances have been spotlighted as a regulator against various diseases due to their fewer side effects compared to chemical drugs. Among the most frequently consumed fruits, apple is a rich source of nutritional molecules and contains high levels of bioactive compounds. The main structural classes of apple constituents include polyphenols, polysaccharides (pectin), phytosterols, and pentacyclic triterpenes. Also, vitamins and trace elements complete the nutritional features of apple fruit. There is now considerable scientific evidence that these bioactive substances present in apple and peel have the potential to improve human health, for example contributing to preventing cardiovascular disease, diabetes, inflammation, and cancer. This review will focus on the current knowledge of bioactive substances in apple and their medicinal value for human health.
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Koshelev VN, Primerova OV, Vorobyev SV, Ivanova LV. Synthesis, Redox Properties and Antibacterial Activity of Hindered Phenols Linked to Heterocycles. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102370. [PMID: 32443779 PMCID: PMC7287627 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of benzotriazole, cyclic amides and pyrimidine derivatives, containing 2,6-di-tert-butyl-phenol fragments, were synthesized. The redox properties of obtained compounds were studied using the cyclic voltammetry on a platinum electrode in acetonitrile. The oxidation potentials of all substances were comparable to those of BHT. The obtained compounds were tested for their antibacterial activity, and N-(2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxoethyl)isatin (32 μg/mL) exerted good activity against Staphylococcus aureus.
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Gorjanović S, Micić D, Pastor F, Tosti T, Kalušević A, Ristić S, Zlatanović S. Evaluation of Apple Pomace Flour Obtained Industrially by Dehydration as a Source of Biomolecules with Antioxidant, Antidiabetic and Antiobesity Effects. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050413. [PMID: 32408574 PMCID: PMC7278621 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Apple pomace flour (APF) obtained at industrial scale level by the application of innovative technological process (dehydration (5 h, T ≤ 55 °C), grinding (300 µm)) was evaluated as a source of bioactive compounds with antioxidative, antiobesity and antidiabetic effects. Proximate composition, individual (HPLC–DAD–MS/MS) and total phenols (TPC) as well as flavonoids content (TFC), antioxidant (AO) activity (DPPH, ABTS, HPMC), water and oil holding capacity (WHC and OHC) of APFs obtained from apple pomace from mixed and individual apple cultivars grown conventionally and organically were compared. The effect of APF supplementation on the glycaemic status and glucose tolerance (oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)) of C57BL/6J mice exposed to high-fat and sucrose diet was examined. High K content (4.2–6.4 g/kg), dietary fibres (35–45 g/100 g), TPC (4.6–8.1 mg GAE/g), TFC (18.6–34.6 mg QE/g), high water and oil holding capacity (4.7–6.4 and 1.3–1.6 g/g) were observed in the APFs. Content of major phenols (phlorizin, chlorogenic acid, quercetin), TPC and TFC correlated highly with prominent AO activity. APF supplementation lowered the increase of body weight gain and blood glucose, and improved glucose tolerance significantly. Health-promoting biomolecules, AO activity, functional properties and prevention of diet-driven glucose metabolism disorders pave the way to APF exploitation in human nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislava Gorjanović
- Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, P.O. Box 45, 11158 Belgrade 118, Serbia;
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (S.Z.); Tel.: +381-612439803 (S.G.); +381-641119641 (S.Z.)
| | - Darko Micić
- Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, P.O. Box 45, 11158 Belgrade 118, Serbia;
| | - Ferenc Pastor
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (F.P.); (T.T.)
| | - Tomislav Tosti
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (F.P.); (T.T.)
| | - Ana Kalušević
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Kaćanskog 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Slavica Ristić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Snežana Zlatanović
- Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, P.O. Box 45, 11158 Belgrade 118, Serbia;
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (S.Z.); Tel.: +381-612439803 (S.G.); +381-641119641 (S.Z.)
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Zardo DM, Alberti A, Zielinski AAF, Prestes AA, Esmerino LA, Nogueira A. Influence of solvents in the extraction of phenolic compounds with antibacterial activity from apple pomace. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2020.1744652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline Alberti
- Food Science and Technology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda Alves Prestes
- Food Science and Technology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Luis Antonio Esmerino
- Department of Clinical Analysis, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Nogueira
- Food Science and Technology, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
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Takó M, Kerekes EB, Zambrano C, Kotogán A, Papp T, Krisch J, Vágvölgyi C. Plant Phenolics and Phenolic-Enriched Extracts as Antimicrobial Agents against Food-Contaminating Microorganisms. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E165. [PMID: 32085580 PMCID: PMC7070704 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds and extracts with bioactive properties can be obtained from many kinds of plant materials. These natural substances have gained attention in the food research as possible growth inhibitors of foodborne pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. Many phenolic-enriched plant extracts and individual phenolics have promising anti-quorum sensing potential as well and can suppress the biofilm formation and toxin production of food-related pathogens. Various studies have shown that plant phenolics can substitute or support the activity of synthetic food preservatives and disinfectants, which, by the way, can provoke serious concerns in consumers. In this review, we will provide a brief insight into the bioactive properties, i.e., the antimicrobial, anti-quorum sensing, anti-biofilm and anti-enterotoxin activities, of plant phenolic extracts and compounds, with special attention to pathogen microorganisms that have food relation. Carbohydrase aided applications to improve the antimicrobial properties of phenolic extracts are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Takó
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (E.B.K.); (C.Z.); (A.K.); (T.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Erika Beáta Kerekes
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (E.B.K.); (C.Z.); (A.K.); (T.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Carolina Zambrano
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (E.B.K.); (C.Z.); (A.K.); (T.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Alexandra Kotogán
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (E.B.K.); (C.Z.); (A.K.); (T.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Tamás Papp
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (E.B.K.); (C.Z.); (A.K.); (T.P.); (C.V.)
- MTA-SZTE “Lendület” Fungal Pathogenicity Mechanisms Research Group, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Judit Krisch
- Institute of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Mars tér 7, H-6724 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (E.B.K.); (C.Z.); (A.K.); (T.P.); (C.V.)
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Blondeau D, St‐Pierre A, Bourdeau N, Bley J, Lajeunesse A, Desgagné‐Penix I. Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of white birch (Betula papyrifera Marshall) bark extracts. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:e00944. [PMID: 31580010 PMCID: PMC6957409 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracts from white birch have been reported to possess antimicrobial properties, but no study has linked the chemical composition of bark extract with antimicrobial activity. This study aimed to identify white birch (Betula papyrifera Marshall) bark extracts with antimicrobial activity and elucidate its composition. In order to obtain the highest extraction yield, bark residues >3 mm were retained for extraction. A total of 10 extraction solvents were used to determine the extraction yield of each of them. Methanol and ethanol solvents extracted a greater proportion of molecules. When tested on eight microorganism species, the water extract proved to have the best antimicrobial potential followed by the methanol extract. The water extract inhibited all microorganisms at low concentration with minimal inhibitory concentration between 0.83 and 1.67 mg/ml. Using ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to a time-of-flight quadrupole mass spectrometer, several molecules that have already been studied for their antimicrobial properties were identified in water and methanol extracts. Catechol was identified as one of the dominant components in white birch bark water extract, and its antimicrobial activity has already been demonstrated, suggesting that catechol could be one of the main components contributing to the antimicrobial activity of this extract. Thus, extractives from forestry wastes have potential for new applications to valorize these residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Blondeau
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and PhysicsUniversity of Québec at Trois‐RivièresTrois‐RivièresQCCanada
| | - Annabelle St‐Pierre
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and PhysicsUniversity of Québec at Trois‐RivièresTrois‐RivièresQCCanada
| | | | - Julien Bley
- InnofibreCégep of Trois‐RivièresTrois‐RivièresQCCanada
| | - André Lajeunesse
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and PhysicsUniversity of Québec at Trois‐RivièresTrois‐RivièresQCCanada
| | - Isabel Desgagné‐Penix
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and PhysicsUniversity of Québec at Trois‐RivièresTrois‐RivièresQCCanada
- Groupe de Recherche en Biologie VégétaleUniversity of Québec at Trois‐RivièresTrois‐RivièresQCCanada
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33
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Zhang Y, Wei J, Qiu Y, Niu C, Song Z, Yuan Y, Yue T. Structure-Dependent Inhibition of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia by Polyphenol and Its Impact on Cell Membrane. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2646. [PMID: 31798564 PMCID: PMC6863799 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As natural occurring antimicrobial substances, phenolic compounds have been used to inhibit various bacteria. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 4–1, a strain isolated from food, exhibited spoilage potential in vitro with proteolysis and lipolysis at 25°C. The present study evaluated the antibacterial properties of 13 polyphenols on S. maltophilia 4–1, and selected 6 compounds (ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, (−)-epigallocatechin, and phloretin) for binary combination treatments. The results revealed that antibacterial activities of polyphenols were structure-dependent, and cinnamic acid showed strong inhibitory effects, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.125 mg/mL. Importantly, we did not observe any obvious synergistic effects across all binary combinations. The antibacterial mechanism of cinnamic acid was related to membrane damage, caused by the loss of cell membrane integrity and alteration of cell morphology. These findings suggest that cinnamic acid is a promising candidate for the control of spoilage bacteria in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Agriculture Integration Test, Yangling, China
| | - Jianping Wei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Agriculture Integration Test, Yangling, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Agriculture Integration Test, Yangling, China
| | - Chen Niu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zihan Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Agriculture Integration Test, Yangling, China
| | - Yahong Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Agriculture Integration Test, Yangling, China
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Agriculture Integration Test, Yangling, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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Vorobyova V, Shakun A, Chygyrynets’ O, Skiba M. Determination of the Chemical Composition of the Extract of Apricot Pomace (Prunus armeniaca L.). CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.23939/chcht13.03.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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35
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Bioactive and functional compounds in apple pomace from juice and cider manufacturing: Potential use in dermal formulations. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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36
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Nile SH, Nile A, Liu J, Kim DH, Kai G. Exploitation of apple pomace towards extraction of triterpenic acids, antioxidant potential, cytotoxic effects, and inhibition of clinically important enzymes. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 131:110563. [PMID: 31199992 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Apple pomace (AP) utilised for analysis of triterpenic acids (TTAs) using HPLC-MS/MS. The methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts showed high phenolic content with significant antioxidant activity compared to chloroform and n-hexane. AP TTAs; ursolic acid, betulinic acid and maslinic acid showed potent antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory effects. The IC50 values were 13.2-30.8 μg/mL (tyrosinase), 19.6-42.5 μg/mL (xanthine oxidase) and 16.6-38.6 μg/mL (urease) for AP extracts and 8.4-25.8 μg/mL (tyrosinase), 12.6-30.2 μg/mL (xanthine oxidase) and 10.1-28.6 μg/mL (urease) for TTAs, compared to the positive controls; kojic acid (10.4 ± 0.06 μg/mL), allopurinol (9.6 ± 0.04 μg/mL) and thiourea (8.9 ± 0.02 μg/mL) towards respective enzymes. UA showed a competitive type of inhibition for tyrosinase, while BA showed a noncompetitive type of inhibition towards xanthine oxidase. In addition, the AP extracts and TTAs exerted significant cytotoxic effects towards the proliferation of cancer cell lines. AP methanol extract (IC50 of 38.5 ± 4.1, 47.1 ± 3.5, 70.6 ± 2.3, and 50.5 ± 3.9 μg/mL) and ursolic acid (IC50 of 6.5 ± 0.7, 15.5 ± 1.4, 20.8 ± 1.3, and 5.6 ± 0.8 μg/mL) showed prominent anticancer activity on Hela, Skov-3, Caski, and NCL cancer cell lines, respectively. Thus, this study shows that the AP & TTAs could be utilized for functional food development and as a potent antioxidant, anticancer, skin whitening, and anti-urolithic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivraj Hariram Nile
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, PR China.
| | - Arti Nile
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Junqiu Liu
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, PR China
| | - Doo Hwan Kim
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, PR China.
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Wang J, Fang J, Wei L, Zhang Y, Deng H, Guo Y, Hu C, Meng Y. Decrease of microbial community diversity, biogenic amines formation, and lipid oxidation by phloretin in Atlantic salmon fillets. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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38
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Phenolic composition of apple products and by-products based on cold pressing technology. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2019; 56:1389-1397. [PMID: 30956318 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-03614-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cold pressing technology is a new technology using during the apple juice processing, which involved peeling and deseeding of apples at low temperature. The phenolics of apple juice, apple vinegar and apple pomace generated by cold pressing and traditional process were investigated. The results showed that the total phenols and flavanols of cold pressing apple juice were lower than those of traditional process. The total phenols content of peel pomace extract was significantly higher than that of the pulp pomace by almost tenfold, which showed that the peels and seeds were valuable sources of phenolic compounds. The total phenols of apple vinegars were significantly different. The predominant compounds in apple products were phloridzin and chlorogenic acid, while the apple pomaces based on cold pressing technology had significantly high content of phenolic compounds, indicating that the cold pressing technology could facilitated the use of apple pomace for bioactive compounds.
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Antimicrobial activity of grape, apple and pitahaya residue extracts after carbohydrase treatment against food-related bacteria. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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40
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Identification of active compound combination contributing to anti-inflammatory activity of Xiao-Cheng-Qi Decoction via human intestinal bacterial metabolism. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 16:513-524. [PMID: 30080651 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(18)30088-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Human intestinal bacteria play an important role in the metabolism of herbal medicines, leading to the variations in their pharmacological profile. The present study aimed to investigate the metabolism of Xiao-Cheng-Qi decoction (XCQD) by human intestinal bacteria and to discover active component combination (ACC) contributing to the anti-inflammatory activity of XCQD. The water extract of XCQD was anaerobically incubated with human intestinal bacteria suspensions for 48 h at 37 °C. A liquid chromatography-hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF/MS) method was performed for identification of the metabolites. In addition, the anti-inflammatory effects of XCQD and biotransformed XCQD (XCQD-BT) were evaluated in vitro with cytokines in RAW264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A total of 51 compounds were identified in XCQD and XCQD-BT. Among them, 20 metabolites were proven to be transformed by human intestinal bacteria. Significantly, a combination of 14 compounds was identified as ACC from XCQD-BT, which was as effective as XCQD in cell models of inflammation. In conclusion, this study provided an applicable method, based on intestinal bacterial metabolism, for identifying combinatory compounds responsible for a certain pharmacological activity of herbal medicines.
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Martelli G, Giacomini D. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities for natural and synthetic dual-active compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 158:91-105. [PMID: 30205261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is widely recognized as a grave threat to global health in the 21st century, since the past decades have seen a dramatic increase in human-pathogenic bacteria that are resistant to one or multiple antibiotics. New antimicrobial agents are urgently required, particularly in the treatment of chronic infections such as cystic fibrosis, often associated with persistent colonization by drug-resistant pathogens and epithelial damage by pulmonary oxidative stress. In such events, it would be favourable to find agents that could have antioxidant and antibacterial activities combined in one molecule. The discovery of compounds that can show a dual-target activity considerably increased in the last years, reflecting the growing confidence that this new approach could lead to better therapeutic solutions for complex multigenic diseases. The aim of this review is to report those natural and synthetic compounds displaying significant antioxidant and antibacterial activities. In recent years there has been a growing attention on plant-derived antimicrobials as an alternative to antibiotics, for their efficacy and low tendency in developing bacterial resistance. Moreover, it was found that some natural products could enhance the activity of common antibiotics displaying a synergistic effect. We then report some selected synthetic compounds with an in-built capacity to act on two targets or with the combination in a single structure of two pharmacophores with antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Recent literature instances were screened and the most promising examples of dual-active antibacterial-antioxidant molecules were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Martelli
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daria Giacomini
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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Abstract
With the advent of the global antimicrobial resistance (AMR) crisis, our arsenal of effective antibiotics is diminishing. The widespread use and misuse of antibiotics in human and veterinary medicine, compounded by the lack of novel classes of antibiotic in the pharmaceutical pipeline, has left a hole in our antibiotic armamentarium. Thus, alternatives to traditional antibiotics are being investigated, including two major groups of antibacterial agents, which have been extensively studied, phytochemicals and metals. Within these groups, there are several subclasses of compound/elements, including polyphenols and metal nanoparticles, which could be used to complement traditional antibiotics, either to increase their potency or extend their spectrum of activity. Alone or in combination, these antibacterial agents have been shown to be effective against a vast array of human and animal bacterial pathogens, including those resistant to licensed antibacterials. These alternative antibacterial agents could be a key element in our fight against AMR and provide desperately needed options, to veterinary and medical clinicians alike.
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Navarro M, Moreira I, Arnaez E, Quesada S, Azofeifa G, Vargas F, Alvarado D, Chen P. Polyphenolic Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Malus domestica and Prunus domestica Cultivars from Costa Rica. Foods 2018; 7:E15. [PMID: 29385709 PMCID: PMC5848119 DOI: 10.3390/foods7020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenolic composition of skin and flesh from Malus domestica apples (Anna cultivar) and Prunus domestica plums (satsuma cultivar) commercial cultivars in Costa Rica, was studied using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-DAD-ESI-MS) on enriched-phenolic extracts, with particular emphasis in proanthocyanidin and flavonoids characterization. A total of 52 compounds were identified, including 21 proanthocyanidins ([(+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin]) flavan-3-ols monomers, five procyanidin B-type dimers and two procyanidin A-type dimers, five procyanidin B-type trimers and two procyanidin A-type trimers, as well as one procyanidin B-type tetramer, two procyanidin B-type pentamers, and two flavan-3-ol gallates); 15 flavonoids (kaempferol, quercetin and naringenin derivatives); nine phenolic acids (protochatechuic, caffeoylquinic, and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives); five hydroxychalcones (phloretin and 3-hydroxyphloretin derivatives); and two isoprenoid glycosides (vomifoliol derivatives). These findings constitute the first report of such a high number and diversity of compounds in skins of one single plum cultivar and of the presence of proanthocyanidin pentamers in apple skins. Also, it is the first time that such a large number of glycosylated flavonoids and proanthocyanidins are reported in skins and flesh of a single plum cultivar. In addition, total phenolic content (TPC) was measured with high values observed for all samples, especially for fruits skins with a TPC of 619.6 and 640.3 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract respectively for apple and plum. Antioxidant potential using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhidrazyl (DPPH) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) methods were evaluated, with results showing also high values for all samples, especially again for fruit skins with IC50 of 4.54 and 5.19 µg/mL (DPPH) and 16.8 and 14.6 mmol TE/g (ORAC) respectively for apple and plum, indicating the potential value of these extracts. Significant negative correlation was found for both apple and plum samples between TPC and DPPH antioxidant values, especially for plum fruits (R = -0.981, p < 0.05) as well as significant positive correlation between TPC and ORAC, also especially for plum fruits (R = 0.993, p < 0.05) and between both, DPPH and ORAC antioxidant methods (R = 0.994, p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirtha Navarro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Costa Rica (UCR), Rodrigo Facio Campus, San Pedro Montes Oca, San Jose 2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Ileana Moreira
- Department of Biology, Technological University of Costa Rica (TEC), Cartago 7050, Costa Rica.
| | - Elizabeth Arnaez
- Department of Biology, Technological University of Costa Rica (TEC), Cartago 7050, Costa Rica.
| | - Silvia Quesada
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Costa Rica (UCR), Rodrigo Facio Campus, San Pedro Montes Oca, San Jose 2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Gabriela Azofeifa
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Costa Rica (UCR), Rodrigo Facio Campus, San Pedro Montes Oca, San Jose 2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Felipe Vargas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Costa Rica (UCR), Rodrigo Facio Campus, San Pedro Montes Oca, San Jose 2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Diego Alvarado
- Department of Biology, University of Costa Rica (UCR), Rodrigo Facio Campus, San Pedro Montes Oca, San Jose 2060, Costa Rica.
| | - Pei Chen
- Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, MD 20705, USA.
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Dulf FV, Vodnar DC, Dulf EH, Pintea A. Phenolic compounds, flavonoids, lipids and antioxidant potential of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) pomace fermented by two filamentous fungal strains in solid state system. Chem Cent J 2017; 11:92. [PMID: 29086904 PMCID: PMC5608653 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-017-0323-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of agricultural and food by-products is an economical solution to industrial biotechnology. The apricot press residues are abounding by-products from juice industry which can be used as substrates in solid state fermentation process (SSF), thus allowing a liberation and increase of content from various biomolecules with high added value. Methods The evolutions of phenolic levels (by colorimetric assays and high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC–MS) and antioxidant activities (by DPPH assay) during SSF of apricot pomaces with Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus oligosporus were investigated. The changes in fatty acid compositions of oils in apricot kernels during SSFs were also analyzed by gas chromatography (GC–MS). Results The results showed that the levels of total phenolics increased by over 70% for SSF with R. oligosporus and by more than 30% for SSF with A. niger. A similar trend was observed in the amounts of total flavonoids (increases of 38, and 12% were recorded for SSF by R. oligosporus and A. niger, respectively). Free radical scavenging capacities of methanolic extracts were also significantly enhanced. The main phenolic compounds identified through HPLC–MS in fermented apricot press residues were chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, rutin, and quercetin 3-acetyl- glucoside. This work also demonstrated that the SSF with filamentous fungal strains not only helped in higher lipid recovery from apricot kernels, but also resulted in oils with better quality attributes (high linoleic acid content). Conclusion The utilization of apricot by-products resulting from the juice industry as waste could provide an extra income and at the same time can help in solving solid waste management problemsChanges in phenolic compositions, antioxidant activities and total lipid contents during solid state fermentation (SSF) of apricot pomaces from juice industry with Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus oligosporus ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisc Vasile Dulf
- Department of Environmental and Plant Protection, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Eva-Henrietta Dulf
- Faculty of Automation and Computer Science, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Adela Pintea
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Development of an enzymatic synthesis approach to produce phloridzin using Malus x domestica glycosyltransferase in engineered Pichia pastoris GS115. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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46
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Liu XY, Fan ML, Wang HY, Yu BY, Liu JH. Metabolic profile and underlying improved bio-activity of Fructus aurantii immaturus by human intestinal bacteria. Food Funct 2017; 8:2193-2201. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01851c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fructus aurantii immaturus (FAI) is the dried young fruit of Citrus aurantium L. or Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
- China
| | - Meng Lin Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
- China
| | - Huai You Wang
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- China
| | - Bo yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Ji Hua Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
- China
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47
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Zhang T, Liang J, Wang P, Xu Y, Wang Y, Wei X, Fan M. Purification and characterization of a novel phloretin-2'-O-glycosyltransferase favoring phloridzin biosynthesis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35274. [PMID: 27731384 PMCID: PMC5059724 DOI: 10.1038/srep35274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Phloretin-2'-O-glycosyltransferase (P2'GT) catalyzes the last glycosylation step in the biosynthesis of phloridzin that contributes to the flavor, color and health benefits of apples and processed apple products. In this work, a novel P2'GT of Malus x domestica (MdP2'GT) with a specific activity of 46.82 μkat/Kg protein toward phloretin and uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) at an optimal temperature of 30 °C and pH 8.0 was purified from the engineered Pichia pastoris broth to homogeneity by anion exchange chromatography, His-Trap affinity chromatography and gel filtration. The purified MdP2'GT was low N-glycosylated and secreted as a stable dimer with a molecular mass of 70.7 kDa in its native form. Importantly, MdP2'GT also exhibited activity towards quercetin and adenosine diphosphate glucose (ADPG), kaempferol and UDPG, quercetin and UDP-galactose, isoliquiritigenin and UDPG, and luteolin and UDPG, producing only one isoquercitrin, astragalin, hyperoside, isoliquiritin, or cynaroside, respectively. This broad spectrum of activities make MdP2'GT a promising biocatalyst for the industrial preparation of the corresponding polyphenol glycosides, preferably for their subsequent isolation and purification. Besides, MdP2'GT displayed the lowest Km and the highest kcat/Km for phloretin and UDPG compared to all previously reported P2'GTs, making MdP2'GT favor phloridzin synthesis the most.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjing Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yang ling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jianqiang Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Panxue Wang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA01003, USA
| | - Ying Xu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science &Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Yutang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yang ling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xinyuan Wei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yang ling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Mingtao Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yang ling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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