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Dimri I, Roguin A, Hamuda N, Abu Fanne R, Barel M, Leshem E, Kobo O, Margolis G. The Trends in Atrial Fibrillation-Related Mortality before, during, and after the COVID-19 Pandemic Peak in the United States. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4813. [PMID: 39200954 PMCID: PMC11355373 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13164813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: During the first months of the COVID-19 outbreak, an increase was observed in atrial fibrillation (AF)-related mortality in the United States (U.S). We aimed to investigate AF-related mortality trends in the U.S. before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic peak, stratified by sociodemographic factors. Methods: using the Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, we compared the AF-related age-adjusted mortality rate (AAMR) among different subgroups in the two years preceding, during, and following the pandemic peak (2018-2019, 2020-2021, 2022-2023). Result: By analyzing a total of 1,267,758 AF-related death cases, a significant increase of 24.8% was observed in AF-related mortality during the pandemic outbreak, followed by a modest significant decrease of 1.4% during the decline phase of the pandemic. The most prominent increase in AF-related mortality was observed among males, among individuals younger than 65 years, and among individuals of African American and Hispanic descent, while males, African American individuals, and multiracial individuals experienced a non-statistically significant decrease in AF-related mortality during the pandemic decline period. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that in future healthcare crises, targeted healthcare policies and interventions to identify AF, given its impact on patients' outcomes, should be developed while addressing disparities among different patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inon Dimri
- Department of Cardiology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Centre, Hadera 3820302, Israel; (I.D.); (R.A.F.); (E.L.)
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel
| | - Ariel Roguin
- Department of Cardiology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Centre, Hadera 3820302, Israel; (I.D.); (R.A.F.); (E.L.)
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel
| | - Nashed Hamuda
- Department of Cardiology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Centre, Hadera 3820302, Israel; (I.D.); (R.A.F.); (E.L.)
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel
| | - Rami Abu Fanne
- Department of Cardiology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Centre, Hadera 3820302, Israel; (I.D.); (R.A.F.); (E.L.)
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel
| | - Maguli Barel
- Department of Cardiology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Centre, Hadera 3820302, Israel; (I.D.); (R.A.F.); (E.L.)
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel
| | - Eran Leshem
- Department of Cardiology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Centre, Hadera 3820302, Israel; (I.D.); (R.A.F.); (E.L.)
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel
| | - Ofer Kobo
- Department of Cardiology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Centre, Hadera 3820302, Israel; (I.D.); (R.A.F.); (E.L.)
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel
| | - Gilad Margolis
- Department of Cardiology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Centre, Hadera 3820302, Israel; (I.D.); (R.A.F.); (E.L.)
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel
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Indrati AR, Horian E, Dewi NS, Suraya N, Tiara MR, Djauhari H, Alisjahbana B. The Protection Level of S-RBD SARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulin G Antibodies Using the Chemiluminescent Immunoassay Compared to the Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test Method. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1776. [PMID: 39202264 PMCID: PMC11353806 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14161776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 infection in high-risk populations is fatal and has a poor prognosis, necessitating a test to determine the protectiveness of immune response. Antibody testing is necessary to determine the body's immune response to COVID-19 infection and also vaccination strategies. Among the various methods available, the chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) test is more widely used and accessible to determine antibody levels. This study aimed to determine the protection level of S-RBD SARS-CoV-2 IgG using CLIA compared to the Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test (SVNT). The population of this study comprised all healthcare professionals who experienced S-RBD SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody level examinations. S-RBD SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels were examined using CLIA and SVNT. The cut-off was determined using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and area under the curve (AUC) measurements were evaluated. The result showed a strong positive correlation between S-RBD SARS-CoV-2 IgG CLIA and SVNT, with a value of r = 0.933 and p < 0.001. The value ≥ 37.29 BAU/mL was determined as the cut-off based on SVNT 30% inhibition level with sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 96.5%, 90.9%, 96.5%, and 90.9%, respectively. A titer of antibodies greater than or equal to 37.29 BAU/mL with CLIA showed the presence of protective antibodies compared to SVNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Rengga Indrati
- Departement of Clinical Pathology, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, West Java, Indonesia; (E.H.); (N.S.D.); (N.S.)
- Research Center for Care and Control of Infectious Disease, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, West Java, Indonesia; (M.R.T.); (H.D.); (B.A.)
| | - Erinca Horian
- Departement of Clinical Pathology, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, West Java, Indonesia; (E.H.); (N.S.D.); (N.S.)
| | - Nina Susana Dewi
- Departement of Clinical Pathology, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, West Java, Indonesia; (E.H.); (N.S.D.); (N.S.)
| | - Nida Suraya
- Departement of Clinical Pathology, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, West Java, Indonesia; (E.H.); (N.S.D.); (N.S.)
| | - Marita Restie Tiara
- Research Center for Care and Control of Infectious Disease, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, West Java, Indonesia; (M.R.T.); (H.D.); (B.A.)
| | - Hofiya Djauhari
- Research Center for Care and Control of Infectious Disease, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, West Java, Indonesia; (M.R.T.); (H.D.); (B.A.)
| | - Bachti Alisjahbana
- Research Center for Care and Control of Infectious Disease, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, West Java, Indonesia; (M.R.T.); (H.D.); (B.A.)
- Departement of Internal Medicine, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40161, West Java, Indonesia
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De Lorenzo R, Loré NI, Finardi A, Mandelli A, Calesella F, Palladini M, Cirillo DM, Tresoldi C, Ciceri F, Rovere-Querini P, Manfredi AA, Mazza MG, Benedetti F, Furlan R. Inflammatory Markers Predict Blood Neurofilament Light Chain Levels in Acute COVID-19 Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8259. [PMID: 39125829 PMCID: PMC11311410 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is paralleled by a rise in the peripheral levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL), suggesting early nervous system damage. In a cohort of 103 COVID-19 patients, we studied the relationship between the NfL and peripheral inflammatory markers. We found that the NfL levels are significantly predicted by a panel of circulating cytokines/chemokines, including CRP, IL-4, IL-8, IL-9, Eotaxin, and MIP-1ß, which are highly up-regulated during COVID-19 and are associated with clinical outcomes. Our findings show that peripheral cytokines influence the plasma levels of the NfL, suggesting a potential role of the NfL as a marker of neuronal damage associated with COVID-19 inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca De Lorenzo
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (R.D.L.); (N.I.L.); (P.R.-Q.); (A.A.M.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Nicola I. Loré
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (R.D.L.); (N.I.L.); (P.R.-Q.); (A.A.M.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Annamaria Finardi
- Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (A.F.); (A.M.); (R.F.)
| | - Alessandra Mandelli
- Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (A.F.); (A.M.); (R.F.)
| | - Federico Calesella
- Faculty of Psychology, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (M.P.)
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Mariagrazia Palladini
- Faculty of Psychology, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (M.P.)
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Daniela M. Cirillo
- Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Cristina Tresoldi
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Fabio Ciceri
- Faculty of Medicine, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy;
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Rovere-Querini
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (R.D.L.); (N.I.L.); (P.R.-Q.); (A.A.M.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Angelo A. Manfredi
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (R.D.L.); (N.I.L.); (P.R.-Q.); (A.A.M.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Mario G. Mazza
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- Faculty of Medicine, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy;
- Faculty of Psychology, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (F.C.); (M.P.)
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Roberto Furlan
- Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy; (A.F.); (A.M.); (R.F.)
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Sleziak J, Pilarczyk K, Matysiak M, Duszynska W. Pneumonia Characteristics in an Intensive Care Unit Setting during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic-A Single-Center Prospective Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2824. [PMID: 38792365 PMCID: PMC11121790 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13102824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: During and after the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a suspicion of varying rates of respiratory tract infections (RTIs), particularly pneumonia (PN). Methods: This research evaluated epidemiological indicators of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) in the COVID-19 pandemic and post-pandemic period, including pathogens, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), selected risk factors, and PN mortality. Results: At 1740 patients, throughout the 22,774 patient-days (Pt-D) and 18,039 ventilation days (Vt-D), there were 681 PN cases (39.14%): CAP 336 (19.31%) and HAP 345 (19.83%). CAP caused by SARS-CoV-2 was diagnosed in 257/336 (76.49%) patients. The clinical manifestations of PNs were CAP with 336/681 (49.34%), VAP with 232/681 (34.07%), and non-ventilator HAP (NV-HAP) with 113/681 cases (16.59%). The incidence rate of CAP/1000 Pt-D has been over 3 times higher in the pandemic period of 2020-2021 (20.25) than in the post-pandemic period of 2022 (5.86), p = 0.000. Similarly, higher incidence rates of VAP/1000 Pt-D were found in the pandemic period (p = 0.050). For NV-HAP, this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.585). VAP occurred more frequently in the group of patients with PN in the course of COVID-19 compared to patients without COVID-19 (52/234 [22.2%] vs. 180/1506 [11.95%]); (p = 0.000). The most common CAP pathogen (during the pandemic) was SARS CoV-2 234/291 (80.4%), followed by MSSA/MRSA 8/291 (2.75%), whereas the most common VAP/NV-HAP pathogen was Acinetobacter baumannii XDR/MDR. The highest PN mortality was found in the patients with CAP caused by SARS-CoV-2 159/257 (61.87%). Conclusions: Pneumonias were diagnosed in nearly 40% of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients. Surveillance of pneumonias during the specific observation period was beneficial in the epidemiological and microbiological analysis of the ICU patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Sleziak
- The Students Scientific Association by Department and Clinic of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, L. Pasteura Street 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.S.); (K.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Katarzyna Pilarczyk
- The Students Scientific Association by Department and Clinic of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, L. Pasteura Street 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.S.); (K.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Michal Matysiak
- The Students Scientific Association by Department and Clinic of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, L. Pasteura Street 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.S.); (K.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Wieslawa Duszynska
- Department and Clinic of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, L. Pasteura Street 1, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
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Miceli R, Eriksson H, Lo Russo G, Alfieri S, Moksnes Bjaanæs M, Pietrantonio F, De Cecco L, Prelaj A, Proto C, Franzén J, McDonnell D, Berenguer Pina JJ, Beninato T, Mazzeo L, Giannatempo P, Verzoni E, Crown J, Helland Å, Eustace A. Gender Difference in sidE eFfects of ImmuNotherapy: a possible clue to optimize cancEr tReatment (G-DEFINER): study protocol of an observational prospective multicenter study. Acta Oncol 2024; 63:213-219. [PMID: 38647024 PMCID: PMC11332465 DOI: 10.2340/1651-226x.2024.24179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significantly improved outcomes in various cancers. ICI treatment is associated with the incidence of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) which can affect any organ. Data on irAEs occurrence in relation to sex- differentiation and their association with gender-specific factors are limited. AIMS The primary objective of the G-DEFINER study is to compare the irAEs incidence in female and male patients who undergo ICI treatment. Secondary objectives are: to compare the irAEs incidence in pre- and postmenopausal female patients; to compare the irAEs incidence in female and male patients according to different clinical and gender-related factors (lifestyle, psychosocial, and behavioral factors). Exploratory objectives of the study are to compare and contrast hormonal, gene-expression, SNPs, cytokines, and gut microbiota profiles in relation to irAEs incidence in female and male patients. METHODS AND RESULTS The patients are recruited from Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Italy, St Vincent's University Hospital, Ireland, Oslo University Hospital, Norway, and Karolinska Insitutet/Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden. The inclusion of patients was delayed due to the Covid pandemic, leading to a total of 250 patients recruited versus a planned number of 400 patients. Clinical and translational data will be analyzed. INTERPRETATION The expected outcomes are to improve the management of cancer patients treated with ICIs, leading to more personalized clinical approaches that consider potential toxicity profiles. The real world nature of the trial makes it highly applicable for timely irAEs diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Miceli
- Unit of Biostatistics for Clinical Research, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
| | - Hanna Eriksson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Theme Cancer, unit of Head-Neck-, Lung-, and Skin Cancer Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Giuseppe Lo Russo
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Alfieri
- Head and Neck Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Filippo Pietrantonio
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Loris De Cecco
- Integrated biology of rare tumors, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Arsela Prelaj
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Proto
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Johan Franzén
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Theme Cancer, unit of Head-Neck-, Lung-, and Skin Cancer Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Deirdre McDonnell
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Teresa Beninato
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Mazzeo
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Giannatempo
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Verzoni
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - John Crown
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Åslaug Helland
- Radium Hospital/Oncology, University of Oslo, Institute of Clinical medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexander Eustace
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Megasari NLA, Khairunisa SQ, Arizandy RY, Wijaksana IKE, Wungu CDK. Cytokine profiles of mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 infected and recovered pre-vaccinated individuals residing in Indonesia. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17257. [PMID: 38646483 PMCID: PMC11032655 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence suggests the involvement of cytokine-mediated inflammation, in clinical severity and death related to SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially among pre-vaccinated individuals. An increased risk of death was also described among SARS-CoV-2 recovered individuals, which might be correlated with prolonged inflammatory responses. Despite being among the countries with the highest cumulative deaths due to COVID-19, evidence regarding cytokine profiles among SARS-CoV-2 infected and recovered pre-vaccinated individuals in Indonesia is scarce. Thus, this study aimed to describe the cytokines profiles of pre-vaccinated individuals residing in Indonesia, with mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection and those who recovered. Methods Sixty-one sera from 24 hospitalized patients with mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection, 24 individuals recovered from asymptomatic-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection, and 13 healthy controls unexposed to SARS-CoV-2 were used in this study. Quantification of serum cytokine levels, including IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, TNF-α, CCL-2, CCL-3, CCL-4, and CXCL-13, was performed using a Luminex multi-analyte-profiling (xMAP)-based assay. Results The levels of IL-8 along with CCL-2 and CCL-4, were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.01) in hospitalized patients with mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection and recovered individuals compared to healthy controls. However, no significant difference was observed in these cytokine levels between infected and recovered individuals. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in several other cytokine levels, including IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, CCL-3, and CXCL-13, among all groups. Conclusion IL-8, CCL-2, and CCL-4 were significantly elevated in pre-vaccinated Indonesian individuals with mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection and those who recovered. The cytokine profiles described in this study might indicate inflammatory responses not only among SARS-CoV-2 infected, but also recovered individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Luh Ayu Megasari
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Postgraduate School, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | | | - I. Komang Evan Wijaksana
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Citrawati Dyah Kencono Wungu
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Department of Physiology and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Kelkar NS, Goldberg BS, Dufloo J, Bruel T, Schwartz O, Hessell AJ, Ackerman ME. Sex- and species-associated differences in complement-mediated immunity in humans and rhesus macaques. mBio 2024; 15:e0028224. [PMID: 38385704 PMCID: PMC10936177 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00282-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The complement system can be viewed as a "moderator" of innate immunity, "instructor" of humoral immunity, and "regulator" of adaptive immunity. While sex is known to affect humoral and cellular immune systems, its impact on complement in humans and rhesus macaques, a commonly used non-human primate model system, has not been well studied. To address this knowledge gap, we analyzed serum samples from 90 humans and 72 rhesus macaques for the abundance and activity of the complement system components. While sequences of cascade proteins were highly conserved, dramatically different levels were observed between species. Whereas the low levels detected in rhesus samples raised questions about the suitability of the test for use with macaque samples, differences in levels of complement proteins were observed in male and female humans. Levels of total and antibody-dependent deposition of C1q and C3b on a glycosylated antigen differed between humans and rhesus, suggesting differential recognition of glycans and balance between classical and alternative activation pathways. Functional differences in complement-mediated lysis of antibody-sensitized cells were observed in multiple assays and showed that human females frequently exhibited higher lytic activity than human males or rhesus macaques, which typically did not exhibit such sex-associated differences. Other differences between species and sexes were observed in more narrow contexts-for only certain antibodies, antigens, or assays. Collectively, these results expand knowledge of sex-associated differences in the complement system in humans, identifying differences absent from rhesus macaques.IMPORTANCEThe complement system is a critical part of host defense to many bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. In parallel, rich epidemiological, clinical, and biomedical research evidence demonstrates that sex is an important biological variable in immunity, and many sex-specific differences in immune system are intimately tied with disease outcomes. This study focuses on the intersection of these two factors to define the impact of sex on complement pathway components and activities. This work expands our knowledge of sex-associated differences in the complement system in humans and also identifies the differences that appear to be absent in rhesus macaques, a popular non-human primate model. Whereas differences between species suggest potential limitations in the ability of macaque model to recapitulate human biology, knowledge of sex-based differences in humans has the potential to inform clinical research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha S. Kelkar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | | | - Jérémy Dufloo
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France
| | - Timothée Bruel
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Ann J. Hessell
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Margaret E. Ackerman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
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8
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Khodanovich M, Naumova A, Kamaeva D, Obukhovskaya V, Vasilieva S, Schastnyy E, Kataeva N, Levina A, Kudabaeva M, Pashkevich V, Moshkina M, Tumentceva Y, Svetlik M. Neurocognitive Changes in Patients with Post-COVID Depression. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1442. [PMID: 38592295 PMCID: PMC10933987 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Depression and cognitive impairment are recognized complications of COVID-19. This study aimed to assess cognitive performance in clinically diagnosed post-COVID depression (PCD, n = 25) patients using neuropsychological testing. Methods: The study involved 71 post-COVID patients with matched control groups: recovered COVID-19 individuals without complications (n = 18) and individuals without prior COVID-19 history (n = 19). A post-COVID depression group (PCD, n = 25) was identified based on psychiatric diagnosis, and a comparison group (noPCD, n = 46) included participants with neurological COVID-19 complications, excluding clinical depression. Results: The PCD patients showed gender-dependent significant cognitive impairment in the MoCA, Word Memory Test (WMT), Stroop task (SCWT), and Trail Making Test (TMT) compared to the controls and noPCD patients. Men with PCD showed worse performances on the SCWT, in MoCA attention score, and on the WMT (immediate and delayed word recall), while women with PCD showed a decline in MoCA total score, an increased processing time with less errors on the TMT, and worse immediate recall. No differences between groups in Sniffin's stick test were found. Conclusions: COVID-related direct (post-COVID symptoms) and depression-mediated (depression itself, male sex, and severity of COVID-19) predictors of decline in memory and information processing speed were identified. Our findings may help to personalize the treatment of depression, taking a patient's gender and severity of previous COVID-19 disease into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Khodanovich
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Research Institute of Biology and Biophysics, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenina Ave., Tomsk 634050, Russia; (D.K.); (V.O.); (N.K.); (A.L.); (M.K.); (V.P.); (M.M.); (Y.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Anna Naumova
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, South Lake Union Campus, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA;
| | - Daria Kamaeva
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Research Institute of Biology and Biophysics, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenina Ave., Tomsk 634050, Russia; (D.K.); (V.O.); (N.K.); (A.L.); (M.K.); (V.P.); (M.M.); (Y.T.); (M.S.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Aleutskaya Street, Tomsk 634014, Russia
| | - Victoria Obukhovskaya
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Research Institute of Biology and Biophysics, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenina Ave., Tomsk 634050, Russia; (D.K.); (V.O.); (N.K.); (A.L.); (M.K.); (V.P.); (M.M.); (Y.T.); (M.S.)
- Department of Fundamental Psychology and Behavioral Medicine, Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moskovskiy Trakt, Tomsk 6340505, Russia
| | - Svetlana Vasilieva
- Department of Affective States, Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Aleutskaya Street, Tomsk 634014, Russia; (S.V.); (E.S.)
| | - Evgeny Schastnyy
- Department of Affective States, Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Aleutskaya Street, Tomsk 634014, Russia; (S.V.); (E.S.)
| | - Nadezhda Kataeva
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Research Institute of Biology and Biophysics, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenina Ave., Tomsk 634050, Russia; (D.K.); (V.O.); (N.K.); (A.L.); (M.K.); (V.P.); (M.M.); (Y.T.); (M.S.)
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Siberian State Medical University, 2 Moskovskiy Trakt, Tomsk 6340505, Russia
| | - Anastasia Levina
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Research Institute of Biology and Biophysics, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenina Ave., Tomsk 634050, Russia; (D.K.); (V.O.); (N.K.); (A.L.); (M.K.); (V.P.); (M.M.); (Y.T.); (M.S.)
- Medica Diagnostic and Treatment Center, 86 Sovetskaya Street, Tomsk 634510, Russia
| | - Marina Kudabaeva
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Research Institute of Biology and Biophysics, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenina Ave., Tomsk 634050, Russia; (D.K.); (V.O.); (N.K.); (A.L.); (M.K.); (V.P.); (M.M.); (Y.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Valentina Pashkevich
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Research Institute of Biology and Biophysics, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenina Ave., Tomsk 634050, Russia; (D.K.); (V.O.); (N.K.); (A.L.); (M.K.); (V.P.); (M.M.); (Y.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Marina Moshkina
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Research Institute of Biology and Biophysics, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenina Ave., Tomsk 634050, Russia; (D.K.); (V.O.); (N.K.); (A.L.); (M.K.); (V.P.); (M.M.); (Y.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Yana Tumentceva
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Research Institute of Biology and Biophysics, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenina Ave., Tomsk 634050, Russia; (D.K.); (V.O.); (N.K.); (A.L.); (M.K.); (V.P.); (M.M.); (Y.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Mikhail Svetlik
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Research Institute of Biology and Biophysics, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenina Ave., Tomsk 634050, Russia; (D.K.); (V.O.); (N.K.); (A.L.); (M.K.); (V.P.); (M.M.); (Y.T.); (M.S.)
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9
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Zeng G, Jin YZ, Huang Y, Hu JS, Li MF, Tian M, Lu J, Huang R. Transcriptomic Analysis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Combined with Lower Extremity Atherosclerotic Occlusive Disease. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:997-1011. [PMID: 38435631 PMCID: PMC10909374 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s432698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The pathological damage mechanism of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and macroangiopathy is extremely complex, and T2D and arteriosclerosis obliterans have different biological behaviors and clinical features. To explore the mechanism of lower extremity arteriosclerosis occlusion (LEAOD) in T2D patients, we utilized RNA-seq to identify unique gene expression signatures of T2D and LEAOD through transcriptomic analysis. Methods We obtained blood samples and performed RNA sequencing from four patients with T2D, five of whom had LEAOD. Another six age- and gender-matched blood samples from healthy volunteers were used for control. By exploring the general and specific differential expression analysis after transcriptome sequencing, specific gene expression patterns of T2D and LEAOD were verified. Results Transcriptome analysis found differentially expressed genes in T2D, and T2D + LEAOD (vs normal) separately, of which 35/486 (T2D/T2D + LEAOD) were up-regulated and 1290/2970 (T2D/T2D + LEAOD) were down-regulated. A strong overlap of 571 genes across T2D, LEAOD, and coexisting conditions was mainly involved in extracellular exosomes and the transcription process. By exploring the sex difference gene expression features between T2D, T2D + LEAOD, and healthy controls, we noticed that sex chromosome-associated genes do not participate in the sexual dimorphism gene expression profiles of T2D and LEAOD. Protein-Protein Interaction Network analysis and drug target prediction provided the drug candidates to treat T2D and LEAOD. Conclusion This study provides some evidence at the transcript level to uncover the association of T2D with LEAOD. The screened hub genes and predicted target drugs may be therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Zeng
- Department of General Surgery, Putuo Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Zhi Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Putuo Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Putuo Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun-Sheng Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Putuo Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng-Fan Li
- Department of General Surgery, LiQun Hospital, Shanghai, 200333, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Tian
- Department of Burn, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Putuo Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Putuo Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Li K, Verma A, Li P, Ortiz ME, Hawkins GM, Schnicker NJ, Szachowicz PJ, Pezzulo AA, Wohlford-Lenane CL, Kicmal T, Meyerholz DK, Gallagher T, Perlman S, McCray PB. Adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2 H353K mice reveals new spike residues that drive mouse infection. J Virol 2024; 98:e0151023. [PMID: 38168680 PMCID: PMC10804960 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01510-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to cause extraordinary loss of life and economic damage. Animal models of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are needed to better understand disease pathogenesis and evaluate preventive measures and therapies. While mice are widely used to model human disease, mouse angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) does not bind the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to mediate viral entry. To overcome this limitation, we "humanized" mouse Ace2 using CRISPR gene editing to introduce a single amino acid substitution, H353K, predicted to facilitate S protein binding. While H353K knockin Ace2 (mACE2H353K) mice supported SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication, they exhibited minimal disease manifestations. Following 30 serial passages of ancestral SARS-CoV-2 in mACE2H353K mice, we generated and cloned a more virulent virus. A single isolate (SARS2MA-H353K) was prepared for detailed studies. In 7-11-month-old mACE2H353K mice, a 104 PFU inocula resulted in diffuse alveolar disease manifested as edema, hyaline membrane formation, and interstitial cellular infiltration/thickening. Unexpectedly, the mouse-adapted virus also infected standard BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice and caused severe disease. The mouse-adapted virus acquired five new missense mutations including two in spike (K417E, Q493K), one each in nsp4, nsp9, and M and a single nucleotide change in the 5' untranslated region. The Q493K spike mutation arose early in serial passage and is predicted to provide affinity-enhancing molecular interactions with mACE2 and further increase the stability and affinity to the receptor. This new model and mouse-adapted virus will be useful to evaluate COVID-19 disease and prophylactic and therapeutic interventions.IMPORTANCEWe developed a new mouse model with a humanized angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) locus that preserves native regulatory elements. A single point mutation in mouse ACE2 (H353K) was sufficient to confer in vivo infection with ancestral severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 virus. Through in vivo serial passage, a virulent mouse-adapted strain was obtained. In aged mACE2H353K mice, the mouse-adapted strain caused diffuse alveolar disease. The mouse-adapted virus also infected standard BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice, causing severe disease. The mouse-adapted virus acquired five new missense mutations including two in spike (K417E, Q493K), one each in nsp4, nsp9, and M and a single nucleotide change in the 5' untranslated region. The Q493K spike mutation arose early in serial passage and is predicted to provide affinity-enhancing molecular interactions with mACE2 and further increase the stability and affinity to the receptor. This new model and mouse-adapted virus will be useful to evaluate COVID-19 disease and prophylactic and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Abhishek Verma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Miguel E. Ortiz
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Grant M. Hawkins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Peter J. Szachowicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | | | - Tom Kicmal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Tom Gallagher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Stanley Perlman
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Paul B. McCray
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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11
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Vaivode K, Saksis R, Litvina HD, Niedra H, Spriņģe ML, Krūmiņa U, Kloviņš J, Rovite V. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Alterations in Patient Immune Cells with Pulmonary Long COVID-19 Complications. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:461-468. [PMID: 38248331 PMCID: PMC10814809 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, the effects of SARS-CoV-2 have been extensively researched. While much is already known about the acute phase of the infection, increasing attention has turned to the prolonged symptoms experienced by a subset of individuals, commonly referred to as long COVID-19 patients. This study aims to delve deeper into the immune landscape of patients with prolonged symptoms by implementing single-cell mRNA analysis. A 71-year-old COVID-19 patient presenting with persistent viral pneumonia was recruited, and peripheral blood samples were taken at 3 and 2 years post-acute infection onset. Patients and control peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and single-cell sequenced. Immune cell population identification was carried out using the ScType script. Three months post-COVID-19 patients' PBMCs contained a significantly larger immature neutrophil population compared to 2-year and control samples. However, the neutrophil balance shifted towards a more mature profile after 18 months. In addition, a notable increase in the CD8+ NKT-like cells could be observed in the 3-month patient sample as compared to the later one and control. The subsequent change in these cell populations over time may be an indicator of an ongoing failure to clear the SARS-CoV-2 infection and, thus, lead to chronic COVID-19 complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jānis Kloviņš
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia (M.L.S.)
| | - Vita Rovite
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia (M.L.S.)
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12
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Ho M, Levy TJ, Koulas I, Founta K, Coppa K, Hirsch JS, Davidson KW, Spyropoulos AC, Zanos TP. Longitudinal dynamic clinical phenotypes of in-hospital COVID-19 patients across three dominant virus variants in New York. Int J Med Inform 2024; 181:105286. [PMID: 37956643 PMCID: PMC10843635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2023.105286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is a challenging disease to characterize given its wide-ranging heterogeneous symptomatology. Several studies have attempted to extract clinical phenotypes but often relied on data from small patient cohorts, usually limited to only one viral variant and utilizing a static snapshot of patient data. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify clinical phenotypes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients and investigate their longitudinal dynamics throughout the pandemic, with the goal to relate these phenotypes to clinical outcomes and treatment strategies. METHODS We utilized routinely collected demographic and clinical data throughout the hospitalization of 38,077 patients admitted between 3/2020 to 5/2022, in 12 New York hospitals. Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection and agglomerative hierarchical clustering were used to derive the clusters, followed by exploratory data analysis to compare the prevalence of comorbidities and treatments per cluster. RESULTS 4 distinct clinical phenotypes remained robust in multi-site validation and were associated with different mortality rates. The temporal progression of these phenotypes throughout the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated increased variability across the waves of the three dominant viral variants (alpha, delta, omicron). Longitudinal analysis evaluating changes in clinical phenotypes of each patient throughout the course of a 4-week hospital stay exemplified the dynamic nature of the disease progression. Factors such as sex, race/ethnicity and specific treatment modalities revealed significant and clinically relevant differences between the observed phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS Our proposed methodology has the potential of enabling clinicians and policy makers to draw evidence-based conclusions for guiding treatment modalities in a dynamic fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ho
- Institute of Health Systems Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030; Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, Hempstead, NY 11549
| | - Todd J Levy
- Institute of Health Systems Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030; Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030
| | - Ioannis Koulas
- Institute of Health Systems Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030
| | - Kyriaki Founta
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, Hempstead, NY 11549
| | - Kevin Coppa
- Department of Clinical Digital Solutions, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY 11042
| | - Jamie S Hirsch
- Institute of Health Systems Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, Hempstead, NY 11549; Department of Clinical Digital Solutions, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY 11042
| | - Karina W Davidson
- Institute of Health Systems Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, Hempstead, NY 11549
| | - Alex C Spyropoulos
- Institute of Health Systems Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, Hempstead, NY 11549
| | - Theodoros P Zanos
- Institute of Health Systems Science, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030; Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, Hempstead, NY 11549.
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13
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Wang Y, Dang Z, Wang X, Chen Y, Dong P, Liu G, Tan W, Gui Z, Bu F, Lin F, Liang C. Obacunone alleviates chronic pelvic pain and pro-inflammatory depolarization of macrophage induced by experimental autoimmune prostatitis in mice. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 36:101565. [PMID: 37965064 PMCID: PMC10641089 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) is a common complication of prostatitis, which was associated with the pathological depolarization of macrophage and the neuroinflammation. However, its underlying reason is far from clear and few effective treatments is applicable. In this study, we tested the effect of obacunone (Oba), a highly oxygenated triterpenoid, on CPPS. The experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) was induced by subcutaneous injection of heterologous prostate homogenate in mice. We found that EAP led to prostatodynia, neuronal activation of spinal dorsal horn, and the pro-inflammatory depolarization of macrophage within prostate, which was significantly alleviated by oral administration of Oba in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, EAP-induced production of IL-6 on prostatic macrophage was suppressed by Oba. Moreover, co-administration of Oba and MIF inhibitor ISO-1 did not lead to additive effect when compared with either alone. In summary, we conclude that Oba prevents the production of macrophage-derived pro-inflammatory factors by inhibiting MIF, which eventually alleviates CPPS after prostatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
| | - Zhaohui Dang
- Department of Neurology & Psychology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Neurology & Psychology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Neurology & Psychology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
| | - Peng Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
| | - Weibin Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
| | - Zhong Gui
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
| | - Fan Bu
- Department of Neurology & Psychology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
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14
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Kelkar NS, Goldberg BS, Dufloo J, Bruel T, Schwartz O, Hessell AJ, Ackerman ME. Sex and species associated differences in Complement-mediated immunity in Humans and Rhesus macaques. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.23.563614. [PMID: 37961263 PMCID: PMC10634758 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.23.563614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The complement system can be viewed as a 'moderator' of innate immunity, 'instructor' of humoral immunity, and 'regulator' of adaptive immunity. While sex and aging are known to affect humoral and cellular immune systems, their impact on the complement pathway in humans and rhesus macaques, a commonly used non-human primate model system, have not been well-studied. To address this knowledge gap, we analyzed serum samples from 90 humans and 75 rhesus macaques for the abundance and activity of the complement system components. While sequences of cascade proteins were highly conserved, dramatically different levels were observed between species. Whereas the low levels detected in rhesus samples raised questions about the suitability of the test, differences in levels of complement proteins were observed in male and female humans. Levels of total and antibody-dependent deposition of C1q and C3b on a glycosylated antigen differed between human and rhesus, suggesting differential recognition of glycans. Functional differences in complement-mediated lysis of antibody-sensitized cells were observed in multiple assays and showed that human females frequently exhibited higher lytic activity than human males or rhesus macaques, which typically did not exhibit such sexual dimorphism. Other differences between species and sexes were observed in more narrow contexts-for only certain antibodies, antigens, or assays. Collectively, these results expand our knowledge of sexual dimorphism in the complement system in humans, identifying differences that appear to be absent from rhesus macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha S. Kelkar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Benjamin S. Goldberg
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
- Present Address: Metaphore Biotechnologies Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jérémy Dufloo
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, 75015 Paris, France
- Present Address: Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat da Valencia-CSIC, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Timothée Bruel
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, 75015 Paris, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, 9400 Créteil, France
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, 75015 Paris, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, 9400 Créteil, France
| | - Ann J. Hessell
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Margaret E. Ackerman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
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15
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Li Y, Li L, Wu G, Xie G, Yi L, Zhu J, Liang S, Huang Y, Chen J, Ji S, Sun F, Liu R. The unique interplay of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and immunity and its potential implication for the sex- and age-related morbidity of severe COVID-19 patients. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e371. [PMID: 37750090 PMCID: PMC10518039 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aged male patients are more vulnerable to severe or critical symptoms of COVID-19, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we analyzed previously published scRNA-seq data from a large cohort of COVID-19 patients, castrated and regenerated mice, and bulk RNA-seq of a RNAi library of 400 genes, and revealed that both immunity and OXPHOS displayed cell-type-, sex-, and age-related variation in the severe or critical COVID-19 patients during disease progression, with a more prominent increase in immunity and decrease in OXPHOS in myeloid cells in the males relative to the females (60-69 years old). Male severe or critical patients above 70 years old were an exception in that the compromised negative correlation between OXPHOS and immunity in these patients was associated with its disordered transcriptional regulation. Finally, the expression levels of OXPHOS and androgens were revealed to be positively correlated, and the responses of macrophages to android fluctuation were more striking than other types of detected immune cells in the castrated mice model. Therefore, the interplay of OXPHOS and immunity displayed a cell-type-specific, age-related, and sex-biased pattern, and the underlying potential regulatory role of the hormonal milieu should not be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinchuan Li
- Institute of Reproductive MedicineMedical School of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsuP. R. China
| | - Lei Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic DiseasesDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingP. R. China
| | - Guanghao Wu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijingP. R. China
| | - Gangcai Xie
- Institute of Reproductive MedicineMedical School of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsuP. R. China
| | - Lirong Yi
- Institute of Reproductive MedicineMedical School of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsuP. R. China
| | - Jie Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - ShiYu Liang
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Ya‐ru Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Juan Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic DiseasesDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyPeking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingP. R. China
| | - Shaoyang Ji
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
| | - Fei Sun
- Institute of Reproductive MedicineMedical School of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsuP. R. China
| | - Rui‐tian Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
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16
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Capra AP, Crupi L, Pantò G, Repici A, Calapai F, Squeri R, Ardizzone A, Esposito E. Serum Pentraxin 3 as Promising Biomarker for the Long-Lasting Inflammatory Response of COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14195. [PMID: 37762499 PMCID: PMC10531731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, biological markers for COVID-19 disease severity still constitute the main goal of enhancing an efficient treatment to reduce critical consequences such as an abnormal systemic inflammatory response. In this regard, the latest research has shown that Pentraxin 3 (PTX3), a highly conserved innate immunity protein, may serve as a valuable biochemical marker. Based on this evidence, we conducted a case-control study to compare the PTX3 serum levels and several immune-inflammatory mediators of 80 healthcare workers who were subdivided into subjects who were previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 (n = 40) and individuals who were never infected (n = 40). Using a commercially available Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), PTX3 and various immune-inflammatory protein levels were assessed in serum samples, while also considering possible variables (e.g., gender-related differences). We have shown elevated levels of PTX3 and other inflammatory proteins in previously infected COVID-19-positive subjects (p < 0.001). Moreover, the obtained data also indicate a degree of severity influenced by gender, as shown by the subgroup analysis, in which PTX3 expression was more pronounced in previously COVID-19-positive males (p < 0.001) than in females (p < 0.05) compared to the respective controls. In addition, our data further validate, through a direct comparison of previously COVID-19-positive subjects, greater pro-inflammatory levels in males than in females. Overall, our results may support the validity of PTX3 as a systemic biomarker in prolonged systemic inflammatory responses in the context of COVID-19. Thus, PTX3 modulation could constitute an effective therapeutic strategy for improving the recovery from COVID-19 and its systemic long-term consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Paola Capra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.P.C.); (L.C.); (A.R.); (F.C.); (E.E.)
| | - Lelio Crupi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.P.C.); (L.C.); (A.R.); (F.C.); (E.E.)
| | - Giuseppe Pantò
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Alberto Repici
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.P.C.); (L.C.); (A.R.); (F.C.); (E.E.)
| | - Fabrizio Calapai
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.P.C.); (L.C.); (A.R.); (F.C.); (E.E.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Raffaele Squeri
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Alessio Ardizzone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.P.C.); (L.C.); (A.R.); (F.C.); (E.E.)
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.P.C.); (L.C.); (A.R.); (F.C.); (E.E.)
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17
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Keto J, Feuth T, Linna M, Saaresranta T. Lower respiratory tract infections among newly diagnosed sleep apnea patients. BMC Pulm Med 2023; 23:332. [PMID: 37684580 PMCID: PMC10486023 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-023-02623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep apnea is associated with chronic comorbidities and acute complications. Existing data suggest that sleep apnea may predispose to an increased risk and severity of respiratory tract infections. METHODS We investigated the incidence of lower respiratory tract infections in the first and second year before and after diagnosis of sleep apnea in a Finnish nationwide, population-based, retrospective case-control study based on linking data from the national health care registers for primary and secondary care from 2015-2019. Controls were matched for age, sex, hospital district, and multimorbidity status. We furthermore analysed the independent effect of comorbidities and other patient characteristics on the risk of lower respiratory tract infections, and their recurrence. RESULTS Sleep apnea patients had a higher incidence of lower respiratory tract infections than their matched controls within one year before (hazard ratio 1.35, 95% confidence interval 1.16-1.57) and one year after (hazard ratio1.39, 95% confidence interval1.22-1.58) diagnosis of sleep apnea. However, we found no difference in the incidence of lower respiratory tract infections within the second year before or after diagnosis of sleep apnea in comparison with matched controls. In sleep apnea, history of lower respiratory tract infection prior to sleep apnea, multimorbidity, COPD, asthma, and age greater than 65 years increased the risk of incident and recurrent lower respiratory tract infections. CONCLUSIONS Sleep apnea patients are at increased risk of being diagnosed with a lower respiratory tract infection within but not beyond one year before and after diagnosis of sleep apnea. Among sleep apnea patients, chronic comorbidities had a significant impact on the risk of lower respiratory tract infections and their recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaana Keto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Thijs Feuth
- Division of Medicine, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Miika Linna
- Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tarja Saaresranta
- Division of Medicine, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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18
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Veronese-Araújo A, de Lucena DD, Aguiar-Brito I, Cristelli MP, Tedesco-Silva H, Medina-Pestana JO, Rangel ÉB. Sex Differences among Overweight/Obese Kidney Transplant Recipients Requiring Oxygen Support Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1555. [PMID: 37763674 PMCID: PMC10535294 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59091555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Overweight/obesity puts individuals at greater risk for COVID-19 progression and mortality. We aimed to evaluate the impact of overweight/obesity on oxygen (O2) requirement outcomes of male and female kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of a cohort of KTRs diagnosed with COVID-19. Participants were stratified based on BMI categories, and data on the need for O2 therapy outcome were collected and analyzed separately for male and female KTRs. Results: In total, 284 KTRs (97 males and 187 females) were included in the study. Overweight/obesity was observed in 60.6% of male KTRs and 71% of female KTRs. Strikingly, overweight/obese women had a significantly higher requirement for supplemental O2 (63.3% vs. 41.7%, OR = 2.45, p = 0.03), particularly among older individuals (OR = 1.05, p = 0.04), smokers (OR = 4.55, p = 0.03), those with elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels (OR = 1.01, p = 0.006), and those with lower admission and basal estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels. Within this cohort, the necessity for O2 supplementation was correlated with more unfavorable outcomes. These included heightened mortality rates, transfers to the intensive care unit, employment of invasive mechanical ventilation, and the emergence of acute kidney injury requiring hemodialysis. On the other hand, although overweight/obese male KTRs had a higher prevalence of hypertension and higher fasting blood glucose levels, no significant association was found with COVID-19-related outcomes when compared to lean male KTRs. Conclusions: Overweight/obesity is highly prevalent in KTRs, and overweight/obese women demonstrated a higher need for supplemental O2. Therefore, the early identification of factors that predict a worse outcome in overweight/obese female KTRs affected by COVID-19 contributes to risk stratification and guides therapeutic decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Veronese-Araújo
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04038-031, SP, Brazil; (A.V.-A.); (D.D.d.L.); (I.A.-B.); (H.T.-S.); (J.O.M.-P.)
| | - Débora D. de Lucena
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04038-031, SP, Brazil; (A.V.-A.); (D.D.d.L.); (I.A.-B.); (H.T.-S.); (J.O.M.-P.)
- Hospital do Rim, São Paulo 04038-002, SP, Brazil;
| | - Isabella Aguiar-Brito
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04038-031, SP, Brazil; (A.V.-A.); (D.D.d.L.); (I.A.-B.); (H.T.-S.); (J.O.M.-P.)
| | | | - Hélio Tedesco-Silva
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04038-031, SP, Brazil; (A.V.-A.); (D.D.d.L.); (I.A.-B.); (H.T.-S.); (J.O.M.-P.)
- Hospital do Rim, São Paulo 04038-002, SP, Brazil;
| | - José O. Medina-Pestana
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04038-031, SP, Brazil; (A.V.-A.); (D.D.d.L.); (I.A.-B.); (H.T.-S.); (J.O.M.-P.)
- Hospital do Rim, São Paulo 04038-002, SP, Brazil;
| | - Érika B. Rangel
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04038-031, SP, Brazil; (A.V.-A.); (D.D.d.L.); (I.A.-B.); (H.T.-S.); (J.O.M.-P.)
- Hospital do Rim, São Paulo 04038-002, SP, Brazil;
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil
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19
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Allegra S, Chiara F, Zanatta M, Mengozzi G, Puccinelli MP, De Francia S. Age and Sex-Related Differences in Teicoplanine Isoform Concentrations in SARS-CoV-2 Patients. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1792. [PMID: 37763195 PMCID: PMC10532956 DOI: 10.3390/life13091792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Teicoplanin, a glycopeptide antibiotic commonly used to treat bacterial infections, was discovered to be active in vitro against SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this study was to assess the levels of teicoplanin and its components in a cohort of adult and pediatric SARS-CoV-2 patients, evaluating the effect of sex and age on analyte concentrations. The levels of AST, ALT and leukocytes were shown to be higher in females, while the C reactive protein was higher in males. Evaluating the absence/presence of teicoplanin isoforms, we observed that A2-2_3 is the only one consistently present in pediatrics and adults. In adult men and all pediatrics, A2-4_5 is always present. In pediatrics, except for A3-1, median isoform concentrations were higher in females; on the contrary, in adult patients, males showed higher levels. This is the first study to describe levels of teicoplanin isoforms in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients in males and females, and pediatrics and adults, despite the small sample size of our cohort. The observed results imply that additional testing, via therapeutic drug monitoring, may be helpful to more effectively manage infections, particularly those caused by the most recent viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Allegra
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology “Franco Ghezzo”, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10124 Orbassano, TO, Italy; (F.C.); (M.Z.); (S.D.F.)
| | - Francesco Chiara
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology “Franco Ghezzo”, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10124 Orbassano, TO, Italy; (F.C.); (M.Z.); (S.D.F.)
| | - Marina Zanatta
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology “Franco Ghezzo”, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10124 Orbassano, TO, Italy; (F.C.); (M.Z.); (S.D.F.)
| | - Giulio Mengozzi
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry “Baldi e Riberi”, Metabolic Diseases Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Torino, TO, Italy; (G.M.); (M.P.P.)
| | - Maria Paola Puccinelli
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry “Baldi e Riberi”, Metabolic Diseases Unit, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Torino, TO, Italy; (G.M.); (M.P.P.)
| | - Silvia De Francia
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology “Franco Ghezzo”, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, 10124 Orbassano, TO, Italy; (F.C.); (M.Z.); (S.D.F.)
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20
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Zahid S, Jain D, Khan MZ, Kaur G, Michos ED. Readmissions for Myocardial Infarction Among Survivors of COVID-19 Hospitalization: Nationwide Analysis From Pandemic Year 2020. JACC. ADVANCES 2023; 2:100453. [PMID: 38939438 PMCID: PMC11198176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2023.100453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Background COVID-19 is known to be associated with acute myocardial infarction (MI). Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of 30-day readmissions for MI among survivors of COVID-19 hospitalization. Methods and Results We used the U.S. Nationwide Readmission Database to identify COVID-19 admissions from April 1, 2020, to November 30, 2020, using International Classification of Diseases-10th Revision-Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) claims. The primary outcome was 30-day readmission incidence for MI. A total of 521,251 cases of COVID-19 were included, of which 11.6% were readmitted within 30 days of discharge. The 30-day readmission incidence for MI was 0.6%. The 30-day all-cause readmission mortality incidence was 1.3%. Patients readmitted for MI were more frequently males (61.6% vs 38.4%) and had a higher Charlson comorbidity burden score (7 vs 4). The most common diagnosis among 30-day MI readmission was type 2 MI (51.1%), followed by a diagnosis of a type 1 non-ST-segment elevation MI (41.7%). ST-segment elevation MI cases constituted 7.6% of all MI-readmission whereas 0.6% of patients had unstable angina. 30-day MI readmissions with a recurrent diagnosis of COVID-19 had higher readmission mortality and incidence of complications. Conversely, the odds of performing revascularization procedures were lower for MI with recurrent COVID-19. Furthermore, MI readmissions with recurrent COVID-19 had a higher length of stay (7 vs 5 days) and cost of hospitalization ($18,398 vs $16,191) when compared with non-COVID-19 MI readmissions. Conclusions Among survivors of COVID-19 hospitalization, 5.2% of all-cause 30-day readmissions and 12% of all-cause readmission mortality were attributed to MI. MI-related readmissions were a significant source of mortality, morbidity, and resource utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Zahid
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Deeptanshu Jain
- Sands-Constellation Heart Institute, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Muhammad Zia Khan
- Division of Cardiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Gurleen Kaur
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erin D. Michos
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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21
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Zhang H, Slutsky AS. Enhancing the Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in COVID-19-related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 208:222-224. [PMID: 37321255 PMCID: PMC10395721 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202306-0969ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Zhang
- The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
- Department of Physiology
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arthur S Slutsky
- The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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22
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Alfadda AA, Siddiqui K, Rafiullah M, AlKhowaiter M, Alotaibi N, Alzahrani M, Binkhamis K, Youssef AM, Altalhi H, Almaghlouth I, Alarifi M, Albanyan S, Alosaimi MF, Isnani A, Nawaz SS, Alayed K. Early Cytokine Signatures of Hospitalized Mild and Severe COVID-19 Patients: A Prospective Observational Study. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:2631-2643. [PMID: 37377977 PMCID: PMC10292607 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s408663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The severe manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is known to be mediated by several cytokines and chemokines. The study aimed to compare the early cytokine profile of mild and severe COVID-19 patients to that with COVID-19-like symptoms and tested negative for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 in the Reverse-Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) test. Methods This was a prospective, observational study on COVID-19 patients admitted to King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University Medical City from June to November 2020. Clinical and biochemical data were collected from hospital charts. Blood samples were collected at the time of hospital admission to measure cytokines. A Cytokine and Growth Factor High-Sensitivity Array was used to quantitatively measure cytokines. Results The study included 202 RT-PCR-positive individuals and 61 RT-PCR-negative individuals. C-Reactive protein (CRP) and Interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels were found significantly elevated in the RT-PCR positive group compared to the RT-PCR negative group (p=0.001). Patients with severe COVID-19 had significantly longer median hospital stays than those with mild COVID-19 cases (7 vs 6 days). They also had higher CRP and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) levels and lower Interleukin-4 (IL-4) levels compared to the mild cases. CRP, interleukin-6, IL-10, VEGF, and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) levels were significantly elevated in men and IL-10 was significantly higher and interleukin-8 was significantly lower in women compared to negative controls. Elevated Interferon-ɣ (IFN-γ) and IL-10 levels were seen in mild COVID-19 cases and elevated level of MCP-1 was seen in severe COVID-19 cases when categorized according to the length of stay in the hospital. Conclusion CRP and IL-10 levels were elevated in the RT-PCR positive group. People with severe COVID-19 had higher CRP and VEGF levels and lower IL-4 levels. Elevated IFN-γ and IL-10 levels were seen in mild COVID-19 cases and elevated level of MCP-1 was seen in severe COVID-19 cases when categorized according to the length of stay in the hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assim A Alfadda
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Siddiqui
- Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Rafiullah
- Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad AlKhowaiter
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Alotaibi
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, and King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musa Alzahrani
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalifa Binkhamis
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira M Youssef
- Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifa Altalhi
- Infection Control Department, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Almaghlouth
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alarifi
- Intensive Care Department, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Albanyan
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed F Alosaimi
- Pediatric Department, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arthur Isnani
- Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaik S Nawaz
- Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alayed
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Behrouzi B, Sivaswamy A, Chu A, Ferreira-Legere LE, Abdel-Qadir H, Atzema CL, Jackevicius C, Kapral MK, Wijeysundera HC, Farkouh ME, Ross HJ, Ha ACT, Tadrous M, Paterson M, Gershon AS, Džavík V, Fang J, Kaul P, van Diepen S, Goodman SG, Ezekowitz JA, Bainey KR, Ko DT, Austin PC, McAlister FA, Lee DS, Udell JA. Sex-Based Differences in Severe Outcomes, Including Cardiovascular Hospitalization, in Adults With COVID-19 in Ontario, Canada. JACC. ADVANCES 2023; 2:100307. [PMID: 37250382 PMCID: PMC10171238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2023.100307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Background While men have experienced higher risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to women, an analysis of sex differences by age in severe outcomes during the acute phase of infection is lacking. Objectives The purpose of this study was to assess heterogeneity in severe outcome risks by age and sex by conducting a retrospective cohort study of community-dwelling adults in Ontario who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first 3 waves. Methods Adjusted odds ratios were estimated using multilevel multivariable logistic regression models including an interaction term for age and sex. The primary outcome was a composite of severe outcomes (hospitalization for a cardiovascular (CV) event, intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation, or death) within 30 days. Results Among 30,736, 199,132, and 186,131 adults who tested positive during the first 3 waves, 1,908 (6.2%), 5,437 (2.7%), and 5,653 (3.0%) experienced a severe outcome within 30 days. For all outcomes, the sex-specific risk depended on age (all P for interaction <0.05). Men with SARS-CoV-2 infection experienced a higher risk of outcomes than infected women of the same age, except for the risk of all-cause hospitalization being higher for young women than men (ages 18-45 years) during waves 2 and 3. The sex disparity in CV hospitalization across all ages either persisted or increased with each subsequent wave. Conclusions To mitigate risks in subsequent waves, it is helpful to further understand the factors that contribute to the generally higher risks faced by men across all ages, and the persistent or increasing sex disparity in the risk of CV hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Behrouzi
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Canada
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Husam Abdel-Qadir
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Canada
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Clare L Atzema
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Cynthia Jackevicius
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Canada
- College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Moira K Kapral
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Harindra C Wijeysundera
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Canada
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael E Farkouh
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Heather J Ross
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrew C T Ha
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mina Tadrous
- ICES, Toronto, Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael Paterson
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrea S Gershon
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Vladimír Džavík
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Padma Kaul
- Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Sean van Diepen
- Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Shaun G Goodman
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Justin A Ezekowitz
- Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Kevin R Bainey
- Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Dennis T Ko
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter C Austin
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Canada
| | - Finlay A McAlister
- Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Douglas S Lee
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jacob A Udell
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Canada
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
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Yahya M, Rahamtalla YA, Mohammed Nasr N, Gorish BMT. Evaluation of serum complement C4 among COVID-19 patients in Khartoum state: a case control-based study. F1000Res 2023; 12:432. [PMID: 37533483 PMCID: PMC10390792 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.132670.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The complement system is made up of an abundance of unique plasma proteins that play an important role in innate immunity and inflammation, aiding in the fight against pathogenic microbes and viral diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the serum complement C4 concentration in COVID-19 patients in Khartoum and compare them to healthy controls. Methods: A total of 100 samples were collected, 50 samples from COVID-19 patients who presented as cases and 50 samples from people who were evidently healthy. Overall, 33 (66%) the patient populations in the case group were not in the hospital's intensive care unit (ICU), compared to 17 (34%) who were. The concentrations of C4 in each serum sample were calculated in milligrams per deciliter. SPSS version (20) was used to analyze the data. Results: The means level of complement C4 (mg/dL) were 37.44 ±18.618, 23.90 ±10.229 in the case group and in the control group, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in complement C4 level between case and control (p-values ≤0.01). In addition, the mean complement C4 level in the ICU and non-ICU case groups was 25.00±17.85 and 43.85±15.712 mg/dL, respectively. There was a statistically significant variance in complement C4 level between ICU and non-ICU (p-values ≤0.01). Furthermore, the cases were divided into four age groups: 20-40, 40-60, 60-80, and over 80 years old. The one-way ANOVA test showed no statistically significant differences between age categories in complement C4 level (P = 0.735) Conclusions: The case group had a higher mean level of complement C4 than the control group, which could be understood by the stimulation of the complement cascade during the COVID-19 illness. Furthermore, the complement C4 level in severe COVID-19 patients was lower than in non-severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Yahya
- Department of Microbiology, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Yousif Ali Rahamtalla
- Department of Microbiology, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Nasr Mohammed Nasr
- Department of Microbiology, Alzaiem Alazhari University, Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
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Namayandeh SM, Dehghan H, Lotfi MH, Khajehaminian MR, Hosseini S, Bahrevar V, Jarrahi A, Majidpour F. Clinical courses of 24,563 hospitalized COVID-19 patients during the first 12 months of the pandemic in the Central City of Iran. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6521. [PMID: 37085530 PMCID: PMC10119518 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32292-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed and implemented to analyze and establish documents related to the above cases in the first to third COVID-19 epidemic waves for the use of researchers and doctors during and after the epidemic. The current case series study was conducted on 24,563 thousand hospitalized COVID-19 patients by examining their clinical characteristics within a one-year period from the beginning of the pandemic on 02.22.2020 to 02.14.2021, which included the first to the third waves, based on gender and severity of COVID-19. The mean age of the participants was 56 ± 20.71, and 51.8% were male. Out of a total of 24,563 thousand hospitalized COVID-19 patients until February 2021, there were 2185 mortalities (9.8%) and 2559 cases of severe COVID-19 (13.1%). The median length of hospitalization from the time of admission to discharge or death in the hospital (IQR: 13-41) was estimated to be 21 days. The rate of hospital mortality was higher in severe (37.8%) than in non-severe (4.8%) cases of COVID-19, While the risk of severe cases increased significantly in the third (HR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.46-1.87, P < 0.001) and early fourth waves (HR = 2.145, 95% CI: 1.7-2.71, P < 0.001). Also, the risk of contracting severe COVID-19 increased significantly in patients aged ≥ 65 years old (HR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.1.93-2.72, P < 0.001). As shown by the results, the rates of hospital mortality (9.3% vs. 8.5%) and severe cases of COVID-19 (13.6% vs. 12.5%) were higher among men than women (P < 0.01). In our study, the mortality rate and severity of COVID-19 were within the scope of global studies. Men experienced higher severity and mortality than women. The was a significantly higher prevalence of old age and underlying diseases in individuals with severe COVID-19. Our data also showed that patients with a previous history of COVID-19 had a more severe experience of COVID-19, while most of these patients were also significantly older and had an underlying disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Mahideh Namayandeh
- Clinical Research Development Center, Afshar Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - HamidReza Dehghan
- Research Center for Health Technology Assessment and Medical Informatics, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Lotfi
- Center for Healthcare Data Modeling, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Khajehaminian
- Department of Health in Emergency and Disaster, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Saeed Hosseini
- Center for Healthcare Data Modeling, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Vali Bahrevar
- Department of Health Education & Health Promotion, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - AliAkbar Jarrahi
- Deputy for Treatment, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Majidpour
- Clinical Research Development Center, Afshar Hospital, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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Mazzeffi M, Curley J, Gallo P, Stombaugh DK, Roach J, Lunardi N, Yount K, Thiele R, Glance L, Naik B. Variation in Hospitalization Costs, Charges, and Lengths of Hospital Stay for Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients Treated With Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in the United States: A Cohort Study. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2023:S1053-0770(23)00237-9. [PMID: 37127521 PMCID: PMC10079589 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim was to characterize hospitalization costs, charges, and lengths of hospital stay for COVID-19 patients treated with venovenous (VV) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the United States during 2020. Secondarily, differences in hospitalization costs, charges, and lengths of hospital stay were explored based on hospital-level factors. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Multiple hospitals in the United States. PARTICIPANTS Adult patients with COVID-19 who were on VV ECMO in 2020 and had data in the national inpatient sample. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Demographics and baseline comorbidities were recorded for patients. Primary study outcomes were hospitalization costs, charges, and lengths of hospital stay. Study outcomes were compared after stratification by hospital region, bed size, and for-profit status. The median hospitalization cost for the 3,315-patient weighted cohort was $200,300 ($99,623, $338,062). Median hospitalization charges were $870,513 ($438,228, $1,553,157), and the median length of hospital stay was 30 days (17, 46). Survival to discharge was 54.4% for all patients in the cohort. Median hospitalization cost differed by region (p = 0.01), bed size (p < 0.001), and for-profit status (p = 0.02). Median hospitalization charges also differed by region (p = 0.04), bed size (p = 0.002), and for-profit status (p < 0.001). Length of hospital stay differed by region (p = 0.03) and bed size (p < 0.001), but not for-profit status (p = 0.40). Hospitalization costs were the lowest, and charges were highest in private-for-profit hospitals. Large hospitals also had higher costs, charges, and hospital stay lengths than small hospitals. CONCLUSIONS In this retrospective cohort study, hospitalization costs and charges for patients with COVID-19 on VV ECMO were found to be substantial but similar to what has been reported previously for patients without COVID-19 on VV ECMO. Significant variation was observed in costs, charges, and lengths of hospital stay based on hospital-level factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mazzeffi
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, Virginia.
| | - Jonathan Curley
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Paul Gallo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - D Keegan Stombaugh
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Joshua Roach
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Nadia Lunardi
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Kenan Yount
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Robert Thiele
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Laurent Glance
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Bhiken Naik
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Olivieri F, Marchegiani F, Matacchione G, Giuliani A, Ramini D, Fazioli F, Sabbatinelli J, Bonafè M. Sex/gender-related differences in inflammaging. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 211:111792. [PMID: 36806605 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Geroscience puts mechanisms of aging as a driver of the most common age-related diseases and dysfunctions. Under this perspective, addressing the basic mechanisms of aging will produce a better understanding than addressing each disease pathophysiology individually. Worldwide, despite greater functional impairment, life expectancy is higher in women than in men. Gender differences in the prevalence of multimorbidity lead mandatory to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying gender-related differences in multimorbidity patterns and disability-free life expectancy. Extensive literature suggested that inflammaging is at the crossroad of aging and age-related diseases. In this review, we highlight the main evidence on sex/gender differences in the mechanisms that foster inflammaging, i.e. the age-dependent triggering of innate immunity, modifications of adaptive immunity, and accrual of senescent cells, underpinning some biomarkers of inflammaging that show sex-related differences. In the framework of the "gender medicine perspective", we will also discuss how sex/gender differences in inflammaging can affect sex differences in COVID-19 severe outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Olivieri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Clinic of Laboratory and Precision Medicine, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Matacchione
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Angelica Giuliani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Deborah Ramini
- Clinic of Laboratory and Precision Medicine, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Fazioli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Jacopo Sabbatinelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Laboratory Medicine Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Bonafè
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Host Response of Syrian Hamster to SARS-CoV-2 Infection including Differences with Humans and between Sexes. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020428. [PMID: 36851642 PMCID: PMC9960357 DOI: 10.3390/v15020428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has highlighted the importance of having proper tools and models to study the pathophysiology of emerging infectious diseases to test therapeutic protocols, assess changes in viral phenotypes, and evaluate the effects of viral evolution. This study provided a comprehensive characterization of the Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) as an animal model for SARS-CoV-2 infection using different approaches (description of clinical signs, viral load, receptor profiling, and host immune response) and targeting four different organs (lungs, intestine, brain, and PBMCs). Our data showed that both male and female hamsters were susceptible to the infection and developed a disease similar to the one observed in patients with COVID-19 that included moderate to severe pulmonary lesions, inflammation, and recruitment of the immune system in the lungs and at the systemic level. However, all animals recovered within 14 days without developing the severe pathology seen in humans, and none of them died. We found faint evidence for intestinal and neurological tropism associated with the absence of lesions and a minimal host response in intestines and brains, which highlighted another crucial difference with the multiorgan impairment of severe COVID-19. When comparing male and female hamsters, we observed that males sustained higher viral RNA shedding and replication in the lungs, suffered from more severe symptoms and histopathological lesions, and triggered higher pulmonary inflammation. Overall, these data confirmed the Syrian hamster as a suitable model for mild to moderate COVID-19 and reflected sex-related differences in the response against the virus observed in humans.
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Thangavel H, Dhanyalayam D, Lizardo K, Oswal N, Dolgov E, Perlin DS, Nagajyothi JF. Susceptibility of Fat Tissue to SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Female hACE2 Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1314. [PMID: 36674830 PMCID: PMC9863100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a highly contagious viral illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 has had a catastrophic effect globally causing millions of deaths worldwide and causing long-lasting health complications in COVID-19 survivors. Recent studies including ours have highlighted that adipose tissue can act as a reservoir where SARS-CoV-2 can persist and cause long-term health problems. Here, we evaluated the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on adipose tissue physiology and the pathogenesis of fat loss in a murine COVID-19 model using humanized angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) mice. Since epidemiological studies reported a higher mortality rate of COVID-19 in males than in females, we examined hACE2 mice of both sexes and performed a comparative analysis. Our study revealed for the first time that: (a) viral loads in adipose tissue and the lungs differ between males and females in hACE2 mice; (b) an inverse relationship exists between the viral loads in the lungs and adipose tissue, and it differs between males and females; and (c) CoV-2 infection alters immune signaling and cell death signaling differently in SARS-CoV-2 infected male and female mice. Overall, our data suggest that adipose tissue and loss of fat cells could play important roles in determining susceptibility to CoV-2 infection in a sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jyothi F. Nagajyothi
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
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Huang Y, Wang Y, Liu S, Xu Z, Chen WX. An integrative analysis of the tumor suppressors and oncogenes from sexual dimorphism and gene expression alteration features in thyroid cancer. Cancer Biomark 2023; 38:1-16. [PMID: 37355885 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-230029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of thyroid cancer has risen rapidly over the last decades. Although mortality rates are relatively low compared to other cancers, the rate of new cases started to increase in the early 2000s. While tumor suppressors and oncogenes were recently identified in thyroid cancer, the potential roles of these genes in thyroid cancer remain unclear. OBJECTIVE Analyze the roles and functions of tumor suppressors and oncogenes in thyroid cancer. METHODS Thyroid cancer data were collected from public databases, such as the UCSC Xena database of TCGA thyroid cancer, TISIDB, and UALCAN. The genes frequently associated with unfavorable thyroid cancer were examined and validated. The association of these target genes with thyroid tumorigenesis, stages, subtypes, and survival rates were analyzed. Additionally, the genes aberrantly expressed in thyroid cancer and significantly involved in thyroid tumorigenesis, stages, subtypes, and survival rates were identified. RESULTS Female sex was identified as a risk factor for thyroid cancer. The expression of PAPSS2, PDLIM3, COPZ2, ALDH1B1, ANTXR1, GUF1, and SENP6 negatively correlated with thyroid cancer prognosis. CONCLUSION Female sex was a risk factor for thyroid cancer. In addition, our analysis suggested that PAPSS2, PDLIM3, COPZ2, ALDH1B1, ANTXR1, GUF1, and SENP6 are negatively correlated with the prognosis of thyroid cancer. The expression of ANTXR1, GUF1, and PDLIM3 was weakly associated with thyroid cancer's immune and molecular subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaoxin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wu Song Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sining Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Hainan, China
| | - Zhengmin Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Xia Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Immunophenotype and function of circulating myeloid derived suppressor cells in COVID-19 patients. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22570. [PMID: 36581679 PMCID: PMC9799710 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26943-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is not fully elucidated. COVID-19 is due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which causes severe illness and death in some people by causing immune dysregulation and blood T cell depletion. Increased numbers of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play a diverse role in the pathogenesis of many infections and cancers but their function in COVID-19 remains unclear. To evaluate the function of MDSCs in relation with the severity of COVID-19. 26 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients including 12 moderate and 14 severe patients along with 11 healthy age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled. 10 ml whole blood was harvested for cell isolation, immunophenotyping and stimulation. The immunophenotype of MDSCs by flow cytometry and T cells proliferation in the presence of MDSCs was evaluated. Serum TGF-β was assessed by ELISA. High percentages of M-MDSCs in males and of P-MDSCs in female patients were found in severe and moderate affected patients. Isolated MDSCs of COVID-19 patients suppressed the proliferation and intracellular levels of IFN-γ in T cells despite significant suppression of T regulatory cells but up-regulation of precursor regulatory T cells. Serum analysis shows increased levels of TGF-β in severe patients compared to moderate and control subjects (HC) (P = 0.003, P < 0.0001, respectively). The frequency of MDSCs in blood shows higher frequency among both moderate and severe patients and may be considered as a predictive factor for disease severity. MDSCs may suppress T cell proliferation by releasing TGF-β.
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A C57BL/6 Mouse Model of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Recapitulates Age- and Sex-Based Differences in Human COVID-19 Disease and Recovery. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11:vaccines11010047. [PMID: 36679892 PMCID: PMC9860616 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a comprehensive analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and recovery using wild type C57BL/6 mice and a mouse-adapted virus, and we demonstrate that this is an ideal model of infection and recovery that phenocopies acute human disease arising from the ancestral SARS-CoV-2. Disease severity and infection kinetics are age- and sex-dependent, as has been reported for humans, with older mice and males in particular exhibiting decreased viral clearance and increased mortality. We identified key parallels with human pathology, including intense virus positivity in bronchial epithelial cells, wide-spread alveolar involvement, recruitment of immune cells to the infected lungs, and acute bronchial epithelial cell death. Moreover, older animals experienced increased virus persistence, delayed dispersal of immune cells into lung parenchyma, and morphologic evidence of tissue damage and inflammation. Parallel analysis of SCID mice revealed that the adaptive immune response was not required for recovery from COVID disease symptoms nor early phase clearance of virus but was required for efficient clearance of virus at later stages of infection. Finally, transcriptional analyses indicated that induction and duration of key innate immune gene programs may explain differences in age-dependent disease severity. Importantly, these data demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2-mediated disease in C57BL/6 mice phenocopies human disease across ages and establishes a platform for future therapeutic and genetic screens for not just SARS-CoV-2 but also novel coronaviruses that have yet to emerge.
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Skyrud KD, Huseby BM, Magnusson K. Physiotherapy use is increased for up to nine months after receiving respiratory support for COVID-19. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:1460. [PMID: 36456971 PMCID: PMC9713191 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08870-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore whether physiotherapy use is increased after hospitalization with COVID-19 with or without respiratory support vs. other respiratory tract infections (RTI). METHODS In all Norwegian residents aged 18-80 years who were hospitalized with COVID-19 (N = 5,344) or other RTI (N = 82,235) between July 1st 2017 and August 1st 2021, we used a pre-post study design to explore the weekly individual average physiotherapy use in community care from 12 weeks prior to hospital admission, to 36 weeks (9 months) after hospital discharge for individuals who received and who did not receive respiratory support. RESULTS Prior to the hospital stay, COVID-19 patients and patients with other RTI had ~ 40-60 physiotherapist consultations per 1000 inpatients per week. COVID-19 patients on respiratory support had a higher increase in physiotherapy use after discharge than persons with other RTI on respiratory support (an additional 27.3 (95% confidence interval = 10.2 to 44.4) consultations per 1000 for men, and 41.8 (13.7 to 69.9) per 1000 for women)). The increase in physiotherapy use lasted for 6 months for men, and 9 months for women. COVID-19 inpatients without respiratory support had a similar up-to-9-months-change post-discharge physiotherapy use as inpatients with other RTI without respiratory support (-0.2 (-0.7 to 0.2) for men, and 0.09 (-6.4 to 6.6) for women). CONCLUSION The need for physiotherapy was increased for up to 9 months after having COVID-19 requiring respiratory support vs. other RTI requiring respiratory support. No difference between diseases was seen for individuals who were hospitalized but not on respiratory support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Damgaard Skyrud
- grid.418193.60000 0001 1541 4204Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Cluster for Health Services Research, Postboks 222, Skøyen N-0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Beate Margrethe Huseby
- grid.461584.a0000 0001 0093 1110Health Intelligence and Policy, The Norwegian Directorate of Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karin Magnusson
- grid.418193.60000 0001 1541 4204Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Cluster for Health Services Research, Postboks 222, Skøyen N-0213 Oslo, Norway ,grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Wigerthuset, Remissgatan 4, 22185 Lund, Sweden
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Aw ZQ, Mok CK, Wong YH, Chen H, Mak TM, Lin RTP, Lye DC, Tan KS, Chu JJH. Early pathogenesis profiles across SARS-CoV-2 variants in K18-hACE2 mice revealed differential triggers of lung damages. Front Immunol 2022; 13:950666. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.950666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The on-going COVID-19 pandemic has given rise to SARS-CoV-2 clades and variants with differing levels of symptoms and severity. To this end, we aim to systematically elucidate the changes in the pathogenesis as SARS-CoV-2 evolved from ancestral to the recent Omicron VOC, on their mechanisms (e.g. cytokine storm) resulting in tissue damage, using the established K18-hACE2 murine model. We reported that among the SARS-CoV-2 viruses tested, infection profiles were initially similar between viruses from early clades but started to differ greatly starting from VOC Delta, where the trend continues in Omicron. VOCs Delta and Omicron both accumulated a significant number of mutations, and when compared to VOCs Alpha, Beta, and earlier predecessors, showed reduced neurotropism and less apparent gene expression in cytokine storm associated pathways. They were shown to leverage on other pathways to cause tissue damage (or lack of in the case of Omicron). Our study highlighted the importance of elucidating the response profiles of individual SARS-CoV-2 iterations, as their propensity of severe infection via pathways like cytokine storm changes as more variant evolves. This will then affect the overall threat assessment of each variant as well as the use of immunomodulatory treatments as management of severe infections of each variant.
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Singhal J, Goel C, Gupta V, Sachdeva M, Sanjappa S, Koushal V, Singh I, Tripathi A. Comparison of Imaging Severity Between Vaccinated and Unvaccinated COVID-19 Patients: Perspective of an Indian District. Cureus 2022; 14:e30724. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Pires R, Pedrosa M, Marques M, Goes M, Oliveira H, Godinho H. Cardiometabolic Risk after SARS-CoV-2 Virus Infection: A Retrospective Exploratory Analysis. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12111758. [PMID: 36573714 PMCID: PMC9692814 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to characterize the cardiometabolic risk of individuals who were infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus and subsequently admitted to a hospital in a major city in mainland Portugal. METHODS This is a retrospective exploratory study using a sample of 102 patients, with data analysis including descriptive statistics, nonparametric measures of association between variables based on Spearman's rank-order correlation, a logistic regression model for predicting the likelihood that an individual might eventually pass away, and a multiple linear regression model to predict a likely increase in the number of days an infected patient remained in the hospital. RESULTS About 62.7% of the individuals required intensive care on the second day of hospitalization, remaining 14.2 days in the intensive care unit (ICU) on average. The likelihood that an individual might eventually pass away due to SARS-CoV-2 virus infection increases for the older than younger ones and increases even more if he/she suffers from cardiometabolic disorders such as obesity, especially cardiovascular disease. Older individuals and those with obesity and hypertension remained more days in the ICU. CONCLUSIONS A later age and the prevalence of cardiometabolic disorders severely affect the care pathway of individuals infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rute Pires
- Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos Polivalente (UCIP), Hospital de Espírito Santo de Évora EPE, 7000-811 Évora, Portugal
| | - Miguel Pedrosa
- Unidade de Cuidados Intermédios Médicos (UCIM) e Área Respiratória do Serviço de Urgência Polivalente (AR-SUP), Hospital de Espírito Santo de Évora EPE, 7000-811 Évora, Portugal
| | - Maria Marques
- Escola Superior de Enfermagem São João de Deus, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Margarida Goes
- Escola Superior de Enfermagem São João de Deus, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
| | - Henrique Oliveira
- Instituto de Telecomunicações (IT-Lisboa), 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto Politécnico de Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal
| | - Hélder Godinho
- Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos Polivalente (UCIP), Hospital de Espírito Santo de Évora EPE, 7000-811 Évora, Portugal
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Shen S, Gong M, Wang G, Dua K, Xu J, Xu X, Liu G. COVID-19 and Gut Injury. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204409. [PMID: 36297092 PMCID: PMC9608818 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently a pandemic and it has led to more than 620 million patients with 6.56 million deaths globally. Males are more susceptible to COVID-19 infection and associated with a higher chance to develop severe COVID-19 than females. Aged people are at a high risk of COVID-19 infection, while young children have also increased cases. COVID-19 patients typically develop respiratory system pathologies, however symptoms in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are also very common. Inflammatory cell recruitments and their secreted cytokines are found in the GI tract in COVID-19 patients. Microbiota changes are the key feature in COVID-19 patients with gut injury. Here, we review all current known mechanisms of COVID-19-induced gut injury, and the most acceptable one is that SARS-CoV-2 binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor on host cells in the GI tract. Interestingly, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an inflammatory disorder, but the patients with IBD do not have the increased risk to develop COVID-19. There is currently no cure for COVID-19, but anti-viruses and monoclonal antibodies reduce viral load and shorten the recovery time of the disease. We summarize current therapeutics that target symptoms in the GI tract, including probiotics, ACE2 inhibitors and nutrients. These are promising therapeutic options for COVID-19-induced gut injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sj Shen
- UNSW Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical Campus, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - Muxue Gong
- School of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medicine College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Jincheng Xu
- Stomatology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
- School of Dental Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Xiaoyue Xu
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Gang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Lang R, Humes E, Coburn SB, Horberg MA, Fathi LF, Watson E, Jefferson CR, Park LS, Gordon KS, Akgün KM, Justice AC, Napravnik S, Edwards JK, Browne LE, Agil DM, Silverberg MJ, Skarbinski J, Leyden WA, Stewart C, Hogan BC, Gebo KA, Marconi VC, Williams CF, Althoff KN. Analysis of Severe Illness After Postvaccination COVID-19 Breakthrough Among Adults With and Without HIV in the US. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2236397. [PMID: 36227594 PMCID: PMC9561947 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.36397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Understanding the severity of postvaccination SARS-CoV-2 (ie, COVID-19) breakthrough illness among people with HIV (PWH) can inform vaccine guidelines and risk-reduction recommendations. OBJECTIVE To estimate the rate and risk of severe breakthrough illness among vaccinated PWH and people without HIV (PWoH) who experience a breakthrough infection. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this cohort study, the Corona-Infectious-Virus Epidemiology Team (CIVET-II) collaboration included adults (aged ≥18 years) with HIV who were receiving care and were fully vaccinated by June 30, 2021, along with PWoH matched according to date fully vaccinated, age group, race, ethnicity, and sex from 4 US integrated health systems and academic centers. Those with postvaccination COVID-19 breakthrough before December 31, 2021, were eligible. EXPOSURES HIV infection. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The main outcome was severe COVID-19 breakthrough illness, defined as hospitalization within 28 days after a breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection with a primary or secondary COVID-19 discharge diagnosis. Discrete time proportional hazards models estimated adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% CIs of severe breakthrough illness within 28 days of breakthrough COVID-19 by HIV status adjusting for demographic variables, COVID-19 vaccine type, and clinical factors. The proportion of patients who received mechanical ventilation or died was compared by HIV status. RESULTS Among 3649 patients with breakthrough COVID-19 (1241 PWH and 2408 PWoH), most were aged 55 years or older (2182 patients [59.8%]) and male (3244 patients [88.9%]). The cumulative incidence of severe illness in the first 28 days was low and comparable between PWoH and PWH (7.3% vs 6.7%; risk difference, -0.67%; 95% CI, -2.58% to 1.23%). The risk of severe breakthrough illness was 59% higher in PWH with CD4 cell counts less than 350 cells/μL compared with PWoH (aHR, 1.59; 95% CI, 0.99 to 2.46; P = .049). In multivariable analyses among PWH, being female, older, having a cancer diagnosis, and lower CD4 cell count were associated with increased risk of severe breakthrough illness, whereas previous COVID-19 was associated with reduced risk. Among 249 hospitalized patients, 24 (9.6%) were mechanically ventilated and 20 (8.0%) died, with no difference by HIV status. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cohort study, the risk of severe COVID-19 breakthrough illness within 28 days of a breakthrough infection was low among vaccinated PWH and PWoH. PWH with moderate or severe immune suppression had a higher risk of severe breakthrough infection and should be included in groups prioritized for additional vaccine doses and risk-reduction strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raynell Lang
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Humes
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sally B. Coburn
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael A. Horberg
- Kaiser Permanente Mid-Atlantic States, Mid-Atlantic Permanente Research Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Lily F. Fathi
- Kaiser Permanente Mid-Atlantic States, Mid-Atlantic Permanente Research Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Eric Watson
- Kaiser Permanente Mid-Atlantic States, Mid-Atlantic Permanente Research Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Celeena R. Jefferson
- Kaiser Permanente Mid-Atlantic States, Mid-Atlantic Permanente Research Institute, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Lesley S. Park
- Stanford Center for Population Health Sciences, Palo Alto, California
| | - Kirsha S. Gordon
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kathleen M. Akgün
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Amy C. Justice
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sonia Napravnik
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | - Jessie K. Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | - Lindsay E. Browne
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | - Deana M. Agil
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | | | - Jacek Skarbinski
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Oakland Medical Center, Oakland, California
| | - Wendy A. Leyden
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Cameron Stewart
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Brenna C. Hogan
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kelly A. Gebo
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Vincent C. Marconi
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Carolyn F. Williams
- Epidemiology Branch, Division of AIDS at National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Keri N. Althoff
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Characterization of Clinical Features of Hospitalized Patients Due to the SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Absence of Comorbidities Regarding the Sex: An Epidemiological Study of the First Year of the Pandemic in Brazil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19158895. [PMID: 35897265 PMCID: PMC9331852 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19158895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The male sex, due to the presence of genetic, immunological, hormonal, social, and environmental factors, is associated with higher severity and death in Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19. We conducted an epidemiological study to characterize the COVID-19 clinical profile, severity, and outcome according to sex in patients with the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) due to the fact of this disease. We carried out an epidemiological analysis using epidemiological data made available by the OpenDataSUS, which stores information about SARS in Brazil. We recorded the features of the patients admitted to the hospital for SARS treatment due to the presence of COVID-19 (in the absence of comorbidities) and associated these characteristics with sex and risk of death. The study comprised 336,463 patients, 213,151 of whom were men. Male patients presented a higher number of clinical signs, for example, fever (OR = 1.424; 95%CI = 1.399−1.448), peripheral arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) < 95% (OR = 1.253; 95%CI = 1.232−1.274), and dyspnea (OR = 1.146; 95%CI = 1.125−1.166) as well as greater need for admission in intensive care unit (ICU, OR = 1.189; 95%CI = 1.168−1.210), and the use of invasive ventilatory support (OR = 1.306; 95%CI = 1.273−1.339) and noninvasive ventilatory support (OR = 1.238; 95%CI = 1.216−1.260) when compared with female patients. Curiously, the male sex was associated only with a small increase in the risk of death when compared with the female sex (OR = 1.041; 95%CI = 1.023−1.060). We did a secondary analysis to identify the main predictors of death. In that sense, the multivariate analysis enabled the prediction of the risk of death, and the male sex was one of the predictors (OR = 1.101; 95%CI = 1.011−1.199); however, with a small effect size. In addition, other factors also contributed to this prediction and presented a great effect size, they are listed below: older age (61−72 years old (OR = 15.778; 95%CI = 1.865−133.492), 73−85 years old (OR = 31.978; 95%CI = 3.779−270.600), and +85 years old (OR = 68.385; 95%CI = 8.164−589.705)); race (Black (OR = 1.247; 95%CI = 1.016−1.531), Pardos (multiracial background; OR = 1.585; 95%CI = 1.450−1.732), and Indigenous (OR = 3.186; 95%CI = 1.927−5.266)); clinical signs (for instance, dyspnea (OR = 1.231; 95%CI = 1.110−1.365) and SpO2 < 95% (OR = 1.367; 95%CI = 1.238−1.508)); need for admission in the ICU (OR = 3.069; 95%CI = 2.789−3.377); and for ventilatory support (invasive (OR = 10.174; 95%CI = 8.803−11.759) and noninvasive (OR = 1.609; 95%CI = 1.438−1.800)). In conclusion, in Brazil, male patients tend to present the phenotype of higher severity in COVID-19, however, with a small effect on the risk of death.
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Stillwell RC. Exclusion of women from COVID-19 studies harms women's health and slows our response to pandemics. Biol Sex Differ 2022; 13:27. [PMID: 35676733 PMCID: PMC9175518 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-022-00435-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex and gender inclusion are crucial in bringing COVID-19 to an end and preventing the next pandemic. Despite this, almost all research studies on COVID-19 and clinical trials of vaccines do not include data on women. How can we combat the pandemic if half of the human population is left out of COVID-19 research? The life-long consequences of this neglect could be severe for women all over the world, particularly with the emergence of new variants that could exaggerate sex differences even further. Here I review recent studies and argue that taking a gender/sex approach to the study of this pandemic would expedite its end and improve the general health of women in substantial ways.
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Sex differences in global metabolomic profiles of COVID-19 patients. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:461. [PMID: 35568706 PMCID: PMC9106988 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04861-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, leads to symptoms ranging from asymptomatic disease to death. Although males are more susceptible to severe symptoms and higher mortality due to COVID-19, patient sex has rarely been examined. Sex-associated metabolic changes may implicate novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets to treat COVID-19. Here, using serum samples, we performed global metabolomic analyses of uninfected and SARS-CoV-2-positive male and female patients with severe COVID-19. Key metabolic pathways that demonstrated robust sex differences in COVID-19 groups, but not in controls, involved lipid metabolism, pentose pathway, bile acid metabolism, and microbiome-related metabolism of aromatic amino acids, including tryptophan and tyrosine. Unsupervised statistical analysis showed a profound sexual dimorphism in correlations between patient-specific clinical parameters and their global metabolic profiles. Identification of sex-specific metabolic changes in severe COVID-19 patients is an important knowledge source for researchers striving for development of potential sex-associated biomarkers and druggable targets for COVID-19 patients.
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Al-Bassam WW, Al-Karaawi IA, Sharquie IK, Ad'hiah AH. Evaluation of interleukin-38 levels in serum of patients with coronavirus disease 2019. J Med Virol 2022; 94:3642-3652. [PMID: 35388498 PMCID: PMC9088597 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin‐38 (IL‐38) has recently been considered as a cytokine with anti‐inflammatory properties in viral respiratory infections, particularly coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19), but the evidence has not been well elucidated. Therefore, a case‐control study was conducted to determine IL‐38 serum levels in 148 patients with COVID‐19 (45 moderate, 55 severe, and 48 critical) and 113 controls. Results demonstrated that IL‐38 levels did not show significant differences between patients and controls (68.7 [interquartile range: 62.7–75.6] vs. 67.7 [58.0–82.6] pg/ml; probability = 0.457). Similarly, patients stratified by disease severity, age group, gender, or chronic disease showed no significant differences between IL‐38 levels in each stratum. Whereas, overweight/obese patients had a significantly lower median of IL‐38 compared to normal‐weight patients. Further, IL‐38 showed significantly higher levels in the age group ≥50 years of patients with critical illness than in the age group <50 years. Female patients with severe disease also showed significantly elevated levels of IL‐38 compared to male patients. In conclusion, the study indicated that serum IL‐38 levels were not affected by COVID‐19 infection, but the distribution of patients according to disease severity, age, gender, and body mass index may better reveal the role of IL‐38 in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasan W Al-Bassam
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ibtihal A Al-Karaawi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Inas K Sharquie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali H Ad'hiah
- Tropical-Biological Research Unit, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
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Severe COVID-19 is characterised by inflammation and immature myeloid cells early in disease progression. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09230. [PMID: 35386227 PMCID: PMC8973020 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection causes a wide spectrum of disease severity. Identifying the immunological characteristics of severe disease and the risk factors for their development are important in the management of COVID-19. This study aimed to identify and rank clinical and immunological features associated with progression to severe COVID-19 in order to investigate an immunological signature of severe disease. One hundred and eight patients with positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR were recruited. Routine clinical and laboratory markers were measured, as well as myeloid and lymphoid whole-blood immunophenotyping and measurement of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and soluble CD25. All analysis was carried out in a routine hospital diagnostic laboratory. Univariate analysis demonstrated that severe disease was most strongly associated with elevated CRP and IL-6, loss of DLA-DR expression on monocytes and CD10 expression on neutrophils. Unbiased machine learning demonstrated that these four features were strongly associated with severe disease, with an average prediction score for severe disease of 0.925. These results demonstrate that these four markers could be used to identify patients developing severe COVID-19 and allow timely delivery of therapeutics. Severe COVID-19 is characterised by a combination of emergency myelopoiesis and inflammation. These changes can be rapidly identified in a diagnostic laboratory, facilitating intervention. This disease signature was derived from a cohort of patients with a wide range of ages, frailty and COVID-19 severity.
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Association of severity and mortality of Covid-19 cases among acute kidney injury and sexual dimorphism. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:6753-6762. [PMID: 35249167 PMCID: PMC8898193 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07308-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) severely impacted global health and economic status. The native receptor-ligand interaction of Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and S protein induces host cell pathogenesis via immunosuppression. Material and Methods The emerging evidence reports the sex disparity in Covid-19 induced mortality rate which affects abundantly men population. Although the biological interaction of Covid-19 with receptor upregulates the viral genome protein interactions and initiates the predictive multiorgan failure followed by acute kidney injury (AKI) in Covid-19 infected male population. Conclusion Besides, the knowledge and lessons learned from the study depict that cellular and molecular links may explain the risk and severity of Covid-19 and AKI in the male population and lead to management of Covid-19 induced AKI. Therefore, this review explored the pathways associated with the pathogenesis of two diseased conditions with sex disparity.
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