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Cao Y, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Fan X, Zang T, Bai J, Wu Y, Zhou W, Liu Y. Prenatal Gut Microbiota Predicts Temperament in Offspring at 1-2 Years. Biol Res Nurs 2024:10998004241260894. [PMID: 38865156 DOI: 10.1177/10998004241260894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore whether prenatal gut microbiota (GM) and its functions predict the development of offspring temperament. A total of 53 mothers with a 1-year-old child and 41 mothers with a 2-year-old child were included in this study using a mother-infant cohort from central China. Maternal fecal samples collected during the third trimester were analyzed using 16S rRNA V3-V4 gene sequences. Temperament of the child was measured by self-reported data according to the primary caregiver. The effects of GM in mothers on offspring's temperament were evaluated using multiple linear regression models. The results demonstrated that the alpha diversity index Simpson of prenatal GM was positively associated with the activity level of offspring at 1 year (adj. P = .036). Bifidobacterium was positively associated with high-intensity pleasure characteristics of offspring at 1 year (adj. P = .031). Comparatively, the presence of Bifidobacterium found in the prenatal microbiome was associated with low-intensity pleasure characteristics in offspring at 2 years (adj. P = .031). There were many significant associations noted among the functional pathways of prenatal GM and temperament of offspring at 2 years. Our findings support the maternal-fetal GM axis in the setting of fetal-placental development with subsequent postnatal neurocognitive developmental outcomes, and suggest that early childhood temperament is in part associated with specific GM in the prenatal setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Cao
- Center for Women's and Children's Health, Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan, China
| | - Qianping Zhang
- Center for Women's and Children's Health, Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Fan
- Center for Women's and Children's Health, Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianzi Zang
- Center for Women's and Children's Health, Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinbing Bai
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Department of Nursing, Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Suizhou, China
| | - Wenjie Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanqun Liu
- Center for Women's and Children's Health, Wuhan University School of Nursing, Wuhan, China
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2
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Yin D, Zhong Y, Liu H, Hu J. Lipid metabolism regulation by dietary polysaccharides with different structural properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132253. [PMID: 38744359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism plays an important role in energy homeostasis maintenance in response to stress. Nowadays, hyperlipidemia-related chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and fatty liver pose significant health challenges. Dietary polysaccharides (DPs) have gained attention for their effective lipid-lowering properties. This review examines the multifaceted mechanisms that DPs employ to lower lipid levels in subjects with hyperlipidemia. DPs could directly inhibit lipid intake and absorption, promote lipid excretion, and regulate key enzymes involved in lipid metabolism pathways, including triglyceride and cholesterol anabolism and catabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and bile acid synthesis. Additionally, DPs indirectly improve lipid homeostasis by modulating gut microbiota composition and alleviating oxidative stress. Moreover, the lipid-lowering mechanisms of particular structural DPs (including β-glucan, pectin, glucomannan, inulin, arabinoxylan, and fucoidan) are summarized. The relationship between the structure and lipid-lowering activity of DPs is also discussed based on current researches. Finally, potential breakthroughs and future directions in the development of DPs in lipid-lowering activity are discussed. The paper could provide a reference for further exploring the mechanism of DPs for lipid regulations and utilizing DPs as lipid-lowering dietary ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Yadong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China
| | - Jielun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, China-Canada Joint Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Key Laboratory of Bioactive Polysaccharides of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China.
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3
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Lee DH, Kim MT, Han JH. GPR41 and GPR43: From development to metabolic regulation. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116735. [PMID: 38744220 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors are a diverse class of cell surface receptors that orchestrate numerous physiological functions. The G-protein-coupled receptors, GPR41 and GPR43, sense short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are metabolites of dietary fermentation by the host's intestinal bacteria. These receptors have gained attention as potential therapeutic targets against various diseases because of their SCFA-mediated beneficial effects on the host's intestinal health. Mounting evidence has associated the activity of these receptors with chronic metabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease. However, despite intensive research using various strategies, including gene knockout (KO) mouse models, evidence about the precise roles of GPR41 and GPR43 in disease treatment remains inconsistent. Here, we comprehensively review the latest findings from functional studies of the signaling mechanisms that underlie the activities of GPR41 and GPR43, as well as highlight their multifaceted roles in health and disease. We anticipate that this knowledge will guide future research priorities and the development of effective therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Hyung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, the Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Tae Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Research, KyongBo Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 174, Sirok-ro, Asan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31501, the Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hui Han
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Woosuk University, Wanju 55338, the Republic of Korea.
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Chen Y, Xie C, Lei Y, Ye D, Wang L, Xiong F, Wu H, He Q, Zhou H, Li L, Xing J, Wang C, Zheng M. Theabrownin from Qingzhuan tea prevents high-fat diet-induced MASLD via regulating intestinal microbiota. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116582. [PMID: 38642504 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether the therapeutic effect of theabrownin extracted from Qingzhuan tea (QTB) on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatosis liver disease (MASLD) is related to the regulation of intestinal microbiota and its metabolite short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Mice were divided into four groups and received normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD+QTB (180, 360 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. The results showed that QTB significantly reduced the body weight of HFD mice, ameliorated liver lipid and dyslipidemia, and increased the level of intestinal SCFAs in HFD mice. The results of 16 S rRNA showed that the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Blautia and Lachnoclostridium and their main metabolites acetate and propionate were significantly increased after QTB intervention. The relative abundance of Colidextribacter, Faecalibaculum and Lactobacillus was significantly reduced. QTB can also significantly up-regulate the expression of ATGL, PPARα, FFAR2 and FFAR3, and inhibit the expression of LXRα, SREBP-1c, FAS and HMGCR genes. This makes it possible to act as a prebiotic to prevent MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; Hubei Industrial Technology Research Institute of Intelligent Health, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Chen Xie
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; Hubei Industrial Technology Research Institute of Intelligent Health, Xianning 437100, China; Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Yining Lei
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Dan Ye
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; Hubei Industrial Technology Research Institute of Intelligent Health, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Le Wang
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; Hubei Industrial Technology Research Institute of Intelligent Health, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Fang Xiong
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; Hubei Industrial Technology Research Institute of Intelligent Health, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Xianning Public Inspection Center of Hubei Province, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Qiang He
- Xianning Public Inspection Center of Hubei Province, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Hongfu Zhou
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; Hubei Industrial Technology Research Institute of Intelligent Health, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Ling Li
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; Hubei Industrial Technology Research Institute of Intelligent Health, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Jun Xing
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; Hubei Industrial Technology Research Institute of Intelligent Health, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Cai Wang
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; Hubei Industrial Technology Research Institute of Intelligent Health, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; Hubei Industrial Technology Research Institute of Intelligent Health, Xianning 437100, China.
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Li Y, Yang P, Ye J, Xu Q, Wu J, Wang Y. Updated mechanisms of MASLD pathogenesis. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:117. [PMID: 38649999 PMCID: PMC11034170 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02108-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has garnered considerable attention globally. Changing lifestyles, over-nutrition, and physical inactivity have promoted its development. MASLD is typically accompanied by obesity and is strongly linked to metabolic syndromes. Given that MASLD prevalence is on the rise, there is an urgent need to elucidate its pathogenesis. Hepatic lipid accumulation generally triggers lipotoxicity and induces MASLD or progress to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) by mediating endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, organelle dysfunction, and ferroptosis. Recently, significant attention has been directed towards exploring the role of gut microbial dysbiosis in the development of MASLD, offering a novel therapeutic target for MASLD. Considering that there are no recognized pharmacological therapies due to the diversity of mechanisms involved in MASLD and the difficulty associated with undertaking clinical trials, potential targets in MASLD remain elusive. Thus, this article aimed to summarize and evaluate the prominent roles of lipotoxicity, ferroptosis, and gut microbes in the development of MASLD and the mechanisms underlying their effects. Furthermore, existing advances and challenges in the treatment of MASLD were outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Li
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Translational Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peipei Yang
- Translational Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jialu Ye
- Translational Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiyuan Xu
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Wu
- Translational Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yidong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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Lamas-Paz A, Mesquita M, Garcia-Lacarte M, Estévez-Vázquez O, Benedé-Ubieto R, Gutierrez AH, Wu H, Leal Lasalle H, Vaquero J, Bañares R, Martínez-Naves E, Roa S, Nevzorova YA, Jorquera G, Cubero FJ. Fecal microbiota transplantation from female donors restores gut permeability and reduces liver injury and inflammation in middle-aged male mice exposed to alcohol. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1393014. [PMID: 38699545 PMCID: PMC11063254 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1393014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Alcohol misuse, binge drinking pattern, and gender-specific effects in the middle-aged population has been clearly underestimated. In the present study, we focused on understanding gender-specific effects of alcohol exposure on the gut-liver axis and the role of gut microbiota in modulating gender-specific responses to alcohol consumption. Methods Fifty-two-week-old female and male C57BL/6 mice were fasted for 12 h, and then administered a single oral dose of ethanol (EtOH) (6 g/kg). Controls were given a single dose of PBS. Animals were sacrificed 8 h later. Alternatively, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was performed in 52-week-old male mice from female donors of the same age. Permeability of the large intestine (colon), gut microbiota, liver injury, and inflammation was thoroughly evaluated in all groups. Results Middle-aged male mice exposed to EtOH showed a significant increase in gut permeability in the large intestine, evaluated by FITC-dextran assay and ZO-1, OCCLUDIN and MUCIN-2 immuno-staining, compared to PBS-treated animals, whilst female mice of the same age also increased their gut permeability, but displayed a partially maintained intestinal barrier integrity. Moreover, there was a significant up-regulation of TLRs and markers of hepatocellular injury, cell death (AST, TUNEL-positive cells) and lipid accumulation (ORO) in male mice after EtOH exposure. Interestingly, FMT from female donors to male mice reduced gut leakiness, modified gut microbiota composition, ameliorated liver injury and inflammation, TLR activation and the senescence phenotype of middle-aged mice. Conclusion Our findings highlighted the relevance of gender in middle-aged individuals who are exposed to alcohol in the gut-liver axis. Moreover, our study revealed that gender-specific microbiota transplantation might be a plausible therapy in the management of alcohol-related disorders during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arantza Lamas-Paz
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Eye Nose and Throat (ENT), Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
- 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariana Mesquita
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Eye Nose and Throat (ENT), Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
- State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos Garcia-Lacarte
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Cancer Center Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Olga Estévez-Vázquez
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Eye Nose and Throat (ENT), Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Benedé-Ubieto
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Eye Nose and Throat (ENT), Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro H. Gutierrez
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Eye Nose and Throat (ENT), Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hanghang Wu
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Eye Nose and Throat (ENT), Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Hector Leal Lasalle
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Eye Nose and Throat (ENT), Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Vaquero
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Bañares
- Servicio de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Martínez-Naves
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Eye Nose and Throat (ENT), Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
- 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Roa
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Cancer Center Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yulia A. Nevzorova
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Eye Nose and Throat (ENT), Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Jorquera
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Javier Cubero
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Eye Nose and Throat (ENT), Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain
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Cicchinelli S, Gemma S, Pignataro G, Piccioni A, Ojetti V, Gasbarrini A, Franceschi F, Candelli M. Intestinal Fibrogenesis in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Exploring the Potential Role of Gut Microbiota Metabolites as Modulators. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:490. [PMID: 38675450 PMCID: PMC11053610 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis, sustained by the transformation of intestinal epithelial cells into fibroblasts (epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, EMT), has been extensively studied in recent decades, with the molecular basis well-documented in various diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). However, the factors influencing these pathways remain unclear. In recent years, the role of the gut microbiota in health and disease has garnered significant attention. Evidence suggests that an imbalanced or dysregulated microbiota, along with environmental and genetic factors, may contribute to the development of IBDs. Notably, microbes produce various metabolites that interact with host receptors and associated signaling pathways, influencing physiological and pathological changes. This review aims to present recent evidence highlighting the emerging role of the most studied metabolites as potential modulators of molecular pathways implicated in intestinal fibrosis and EMT in IBDs. These studies provide a deeper understanding of intestinal inflammation and fibrosis, elucidating the molecular basis of the microbiota role in IBDs, paving the way for future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cicchinelli
- Department of Emergency, S.S. Filippo e Nicola Hospital, 67051 Avezzano, Italy;
| | - Stefania Gemma
- Department of Emergency, Anesthesiological and Reanimation Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Pignataro
- Department of Emergency, Anesthesiological and Reanimation Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Piccioni
- Department of Emergency, Anesthesiological and Reanimation Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Ojetti
- Department of Emergency, Anesthesiological and Reanimation Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Franceschi
- Department of Emergency, Anesthesiological and Reanimation Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Candelli
- Department of Emergency, Anesthesiological and Reanimation Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Zhang J, Zhou J, He Z, Li H. Bacteroides and NAFLD: pathophysiology and therapy. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1288856. [PMID: 38572244 PMCID: PMC10988783 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1288856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent chronic liver condition observed globally, with the potential to progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved any drugs for the treatment of NAFLD. NAFLD is characterized by histopathological abnormalities in the liver, such as lipid accumulation, steatosis, hepatic balloon degeneration, and inflammation. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and its metabolites significantly contribute to the initiation and advancement of NAFLD. Bacteroides, a potential probiotic, has shown strong potential in preventing the onset and progression of NAFLD. However, the precise mechanism by which Bacteroides treats NAFLD remains uncertain. In this review, we explore the current understanding of the role of Bacteroides and its metabolites in the treatment of NAFLD, focusing on their ability to reduce liver inflammation, mitigate hepatic steatosis, and enhance intestinal barrier function. Additionally, we summarize how Bacteroides alleviates pathological changes by restoring the metabolism, improving insulin resistance, regulating cytokines, and promoting tight-junctions. A deeper comprehension of the mechanisms through which Bacteroides is involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD should aid the development of innovative drugs targeting NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Liver Disease Department of Integrative Medicine, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Liver Disease Department of Integrative Medicine, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheyun He
- Liver Diseases Institute, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongshan Li
- Liver Disease Department of Integrative Medicine, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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Lu X, Yang R, Chen Y, Chen D. NAD metabolic therapy in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Possible roles of gut microbiota. iScience 2024; 27:109174. [PMID: 38405608 PMCID: PMC10884928 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly named non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is induced by alterations of hepatic metabolism. As a critical metabolites function regulator, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) nowadays has been validated to be effective in the treatment of diet-induced murine model of MASLD. Additionally, gut microbiota has been reported to have the potential to prevent MASLD by dietary NAD precursors metabolizing together with mammals. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this review, we hypothesized that NAD enhancing mitochondrial activity might reshape a specific microbiota signature, and improve MASLD progression demonstrated by fecal microbiota transplantation. Here, this review especially focused on the mechanism of Microbiota-Gut-Liver Axis together with NAD metabolism for the MASLD progress. Notably, we found significant changes in Prevotella associated with NAD in a gut microbiome signature of certain MASLD patients. With the recent researches, we also inferred that Prevotella can not only regulate the level of NAD pool by boosting the carbon metabolism, but also play a vital part in regulating the branched-chain amino acid (BCAA)-related fatty acid metabolism pathway. Altogether, our results support the notion that the gut microbiota contribute to the dietary NAD precursors metabolism in MASLD development and the dietary NAD precursors together with certain gut microbiota may be a preventive or therapeutic strategy in MASLD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Lu
- Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu 214002, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu 214002, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu 214002, China
| | - Daozhen Chen
- Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 211166, China
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu 214002, China
- Department of Laboratory, Haidong Second People’s Hospital, Haidong 810699, China
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Wu Y, Yin W, Hao P, Chen Y, Yu L, Yu X, Wu Y, Li X, Wang W, Zhou H, Yuan Y, Quan X, Yu Y, Hu B, Chen S, Zhou Z, Sun W. Polysaccharide from Panax japonicus C.A. Mey prevents non-alcoholic fatty liver disease development based on regulating liver metabolism and gut microbiota in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129430. [PMID: 38228199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a new polysaccharide (PSPJ) with specific molecular weight and monosaccharide compositions was isolated and purified from the water extract of Panacis Japonici Rhizoma (PJR). 16S rRNA analysis and untargeted metabolomic analysis were used to assess PSPJ's efficacy in averting non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study indicated that PSPJ significantly reduced liver fat accumulation, the increase in blood lipids and ALT caused by HFD, indicating that PSPJ can prevent NAFLD. We demonstrated through cell experiments that PSPJ does not directly affect liver cells. The gut microbiota disorder and alterations in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) induced by the high-fat diet (HFD) were ameliorated by PSPJ, as evidenced by the analysis of 16S rRNA. In particular, supplementing PSPJ reduced the abundance of Turicibacter, Dubosiella, and Staphylococcus, and increased the abundance of Bacteroides, Blautia, and Lactobacillus. Untargeted metabolomic analysis shows that PSPJ improves liver metabolic disorders by regulating arachidonic acid metabolism, carbohydrate digestion and absorption, fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism and retinol metabolism. The findings of our investigation indicate that PSPJ has the potential to modulate liver metabolism through alterations in the composition of intestinal bacteria, hence preventing NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wen Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ping Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yueru Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Lingyun Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xingjian Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento 95817, CA, United States of America
| | - Yu Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pathogen Biology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiaocong Li
- College of Medicine, Hubei Three Gorges Polytechnic, No.31 Stadium Road, Yichang 443000, China
| | - Wenjia Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoyu Quan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yue Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bing Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shouhai Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhenlei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Biology & Pharmacy, Yulin Normal University, No. 1303 Jiaoyu East Road, Yulin 537000, Guangxi, China.
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Thilakarathna WPDW, Rupasinghe HPV. Proanthocyanidins-Based Synbiotics as a Novel Strategy for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Risk Reduction. Molecules 2024; 29:709. [PMID: 38338453 PMCID: PMC10856248 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common liver disease worldwide, is a spectrum of liver abnormalities ranging from steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) characterized by excessive lipid accumulation. The prevalence of NAFLD is predicted to increase rapidly, demanding novel approaches to reduce the global NAFLD burden. Flavonoids, the most abundant dietary polyphenols, can reduce the risk of NAFLD. The majority of dietary flavonoids are proanthocyanidins (PACs), which are oligomers and polymers of the flavonoid sub-group flavan-3-ols. The efficacy of PAC in reducing the NAFLD risk can be significantly hindered by low bioavailability. The development of synbiotics by combining PAC with probiotics may increase effectiveness against NAFLD by biotransforming PAC into bioavailable metabolites. PAC and probiotic bacteria are capable of mitigating steatosis primarily through suppressing de novo lipogenesis and promoting fatty acid β-oxidation. PAC and probiotic bacteria can reduce the progression of steatosis to NASH mainly through ameliorating hepatic damage and inflammation induced by hepatic oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Synbiotics of PAC are superior in reducing the risk of NAFLD compared to independent administration of PAC and probiotics. The development of PAC-based synbiotics can be a novel strategy to mitigate the increasing incidence of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasitha P. D. W. Thilakarathna
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada;
| | - H. P. Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada;
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada
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12
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Zhang QY, Zhong MT, Gi M, Chen YK, Lai MQ, Liu JY, Liu YM, Wang Q, Xie XL. Inulin alleviates perfluorooctanoic acid-induced intestinal injury in mice by modulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 342:123090. [PMID: 38072026 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a widely used industrial compound that has been found to induce intestinal toxicity. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully clarified and effective interventions are rarely developed. Inulin, a prebiotic, has been used as a supplement in human daily life as well as in gastrointestinal diseases and metabolic disorders. In this study, male mice were exposed to PFOA with or without inulin supplementation to investigate the enterotoxicity and potential intervention effects of inulin. Mice were administered PFOA at 1 mg/kg/day, PFOA with inulin at 5 g/kg/day, or Milli-Q water for 12 weeks. Histopathological analysis showed that PFOA caused colon shortening, goblet cell reduction, and inflammatory cell infiltration. The expression of the tight junction proteins ZO-1, occludin and claudin5 significantly decreased, indicating impaired barrier function. According to the RNA-sequencing analysis, PFOA exposure resulted in 917 differentially expressed genes, involving 39 significant pathways, such as TNF signaling and cell cycle pathways. In addition, the protein expression of TNF-α, IRG-47, cyclinB1, and cyclinB2 increased, while Gadd45γ, Lzip, and Jam2 decreased, suggesting the involvement of the TNF signaling pathway, cell cycle, and cell adhesion molecules in PFOA-associated intestinal injury. Inulin intervention alleviated PFOA-induced enterotoxicity by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and increasing the protein expression of Wnt1, β-catenin, PI3K, Akt3, and p62, while suppressing MAP LC3β, TNF-α, and CyclinE expression. These findings suggested that PFOA-induced intestinal injury, including inflammation and tight junction disruption, was mitigated by inulin through modifying the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. Our study provides valuable insights into the enterotoxic effects of PFOA and highlights the potential therapeutic role of inulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Yao Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1838 North Guangzhou Road, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei-Ting Zhong
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1838 North Guangzhou Road, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Gi
- Department of Environmental Risk Assessment, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yu-Kui Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1838 North Guangzhou Road, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Quan Lai
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1838 North Guangzhou Road, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Yi Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1838 North Guangzhou Road, 510515, Guangzhou, China; The 2019 Class, 8-Year Program, The First Clinical Medical School, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Road, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ming Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1838 North Guangzhou Road, 510515, Guangzhou, China; The 2019 Class, 8-Year Program, The First Clinical Medical School, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Road, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Road, 510515, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Li Xie
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1838 North Guangzhou Road, 510515, Guangzhou, China.
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13
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Zhang Q, Xiao X, Zheng J, Li M, Yu M, Ping F, Wang T. Maternal inulin alleviates high-fat diet-induced lipid disorder in offspring by epigenetically modulating hypothalamus feeding circuit-related genes. Food Funct 2024; 15:110-124. [PMID: 38044717 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02223d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports the existence of fetal-originated adult diseases. Recent research indicates that the intrauterine environment affects the fetal hypothalamic energy intake center. Inulin is a probiotic that can moderate metabolic disorders, but whether maternal inulin intervention confers long-term metabolic benefits to lipid metabolism in offspring in their adult lives and the mechanism involved are unknown. Here, we used a maternal overnutrition model that was induced by excess energy intake before and during pregnancy and lactation and maternal inulin intervention was performed during pregnancy and lactation. The hypothalamic genome methylation in offspring was analyzed using a methylation array. The results showed that maternal inulin treatment modified the maternal high-fat diet (HFD)-induced increases in body weight, adipose tissue weight, and serum insulin and leptin levels and decreases in serum adiponectin levels. Maternal inulin intervention regulated the impairments in hypothalamic leptin resistance, induced the methylation of Socs3, Npy, and Il6, and inhibited the methylation of Lepr in the hypothalamus of offspring. In conclusion, maternal inulin intervention modifies offspring lipid metabolism, and the underlying mechanism involves the methylation of genes in the hypothalamus feeding circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Jia Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Miao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Fan Ping
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Tong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China.
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14
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Jia X, Chen Q, Wu H, Liu H, Jing C, Gong A, Zhang Y. Exploring a novel therapeutic strategy: the interplay between gut microbiota and high-fat diet in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1291853. [PMID: 38192650 PMCID: PMC10773723 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1291853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades, the rapid increase in the incidence of metabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hypertension, and hyperuricemia, has been attributed to high-fat diets (HFD) and decreased physical activity levels. Although the phenotypes and pathologies of these metabolic diseases vary, patients with these diseases exhibit disease-specific alterations in the composition and function of their gut microbiota. Studies in germ-free mice have shown that both HFD and gut microbiota can promote the development of metabolic diseases, and HFD can disrupt the balance of gut microbiota. Therefore, investigating the interaction between gut microbiota and HFD in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases is crucial for identifying novel therapeutic strategies for these diseases. This review takes HFD as the starting point, providing a detailed analysis of the pivotal role of HFD in the development of metabolic disorders. It comprehensively elucidates the impact of HFD on the balance of intestinal microbiota, analyzes the mechanisms underlying gut microbiota dysbiosis leading to metabolic disruptions, and explores the associated genetic factors. Finally, the potential of targeting the gut microbiota as a means to address metabolic disturbances induced by HFD is discussed. In summary, this review offers theoretical support and proposes new research avenues for investigating the role of nutrition-related factors in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders in the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Qiliang Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiwen Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Chunying Jing
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Aimin Gong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- The Affiliated TCM Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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15
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Song Q, Zhang X, Liu W, Wei H, Liang W, Zhou Y, Ding Y, Ji F, Ho-Kwan Cheung A, Wong N, Yu J. Bifidobacterium pseudolongum-generated acetate suppresses non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2023; 79:1352-1365. [PMID: 37459922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Recent studies have highlighted the role of the gut microbiota and their metabolites in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (NAFLD-HCC). We aimed to identify specific beneficial bacterial species that could be used prophylactically to prevent NAFLD-HCC. METHODS The role of Bifidobacterium pseudolongum was assessed in two mouse models of NAFLD-HCC: diethylnitrosamine + a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet or + a choline-deficient/high-fat diet. Germ-free mice were used for the metabolic study of B. pseudolongum. Stool, portal vein and liver tissues were collected from mice for non-targeted and targeted metabolomic profiles. Two human NAFLD-HCC cell lines (HKCI2 and HKCI10) were co-cultured with B. pseudolongum-conditioned media (B.p CM) or candidate metabolites. RESULTS B. pseudolongum was the top depleted bacterium in mice with NAFLD-HCC. Oral gavage of B. pseudolongum significantly suppressed NAFLD-HCC formation in two mouse models (p < 0.01). Incubation of NAFLD-HCC cells with B.p CM significantly suppressed cell proliferation, inhibited the G1/S phase transition and induced apoptosis. Acetate was identified as the critical metabolite generated from B. pseudolongum in B.p CM, an observation that was confirmed in germ-free mice. Acetate inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis in NAFLD-HCC cell lines and suppressed NAFLD-HCC tumor formation in vivo. B. pseudolongum restored heathy gut microbiome composition and improved gut barrier function. Mechanistically, B. pseudolongum-generated acetate reached the liver via the portal vein and bound to GPR43 (G coupled-protein receptor 43) on hepatocytes. GPR43 activation suppressed the IL-6/JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway, thereby preventing NAFLD-HCC progression. CONCLUSIONS B. pseudolongum protected against NAFLD-HCC by secreting the anti-tumor metabolite acetate, which reached the liver via the portal vein. B. pseudolongum holds potential as a probiotic for the prevention of NAFLD-HCC. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (NAFLD-HCC) is an increasing healthcare burden worldwide. There is an urgent need to develop effective agents to prevent NAFLD-HCC progression. Herein, we show that the probiotic Bifidobacterium pseudolongum significantly suppressed NAFLD-HCC progression by secreting acetate, which bound to hepatic GPR43 (G coupled-protein receptor 43) via the gut-liver axis and suppressed the oncogenic IL-6/JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway. Bifidobacterium pseudolongum holds potential as a novel probiotic for NAFLD-HCC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Song
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Weixin Liu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Institute of Precision Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Institute of Precision Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunfei Zhou
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yanqiang Ding
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fenfen Ji
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alvin Ho-Kwan Cheung
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nathalie Wong
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK-Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Romualdo GR, Valente LC, de Souza JLH, Rodrigues J, Barbisan LF. Modifying effects of 2,4-D and Glyphosate exposures on gut-liver-adipose tissue axis of diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 268:115688. [PMID: 37992649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is linked to western diet (WD) intake, affects 30% of the world's population and involves the crosstalk of liver steatosis, hypertrophy/inflammation of adipose tissue and deregulation of gut microbiome. Glyphosate and 2,4-D are some of the most applied herbicides worldwide, and their roles in NAFLD have not been investigated. Thus, the present study evaluated whether glyphosate and 2,4-D, in single or mixed exposure, alter WD-induced NAFLD in a mouse model. Male C57Bl/6 mice (n = 10/group) received a fat (30% lard, 0.02% cholesterol), and sucrose-rich diet (20%) and high sugar solution (23.1 and 18.9 g/L of fructose and glucose) for 6 months. Simultaneously, animals received glyphosate (0.05 or 5 mg/kg/day), 2,4-D (0.02 or 2 mg/kg/day), or their combination (0.05 +0.02 or 5 +2 mg/kg/day) by intragastrical administration (5 ×/week). Doses were based on the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADIs) or No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) levels. Herbicide exposures featured differential responses. WD-induced obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and hyperglycemia remained unaltered. Compared to the group receiving only WD, only the concomitant exposure to WD and 2,4-D (2 mg) enhanced the percentage of mice with moderate/severe hepatic inflammation, CD68 macrophage infiltration, and malondialdehyde levels in the liver. In line, this herbicide modulated immune response- (including Cd4, C8b, Cd28, Cxcr3, Cxcr6) and oxidative stress-related (such as Gsta1, Gsta2, Gsta4, Gstm1, Gstm2, Gstm3, Gstm4, Nqo1, Gpx2) genes in the hepatic transcriptome analysis. This exposure also enriched pro-inflammatory Deferribacteres phylum in fecal microbiome. In general, the herbicide mixtures did not feature the same effects attributed to 2,4-D isolated exposure. Our findings indicate that 2,4-D, at a dose within the toxicological limits, was able to induce disturbances in mainly at the liver and gut axes involved in NAFLD development in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme R Romualdo
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Experimental Research Unit (UNIPEX), Multimodel Drug Screening Platform, Laboratory of Chemically Induced and Experimental Carcinogenesis (MDSP-LCQE), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Department of Pathology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Biosciences Institute, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Letícia Cardoso Valente
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Experimental Research Unit (UNIPEX), Multimodel Drug Screening Platform, Laboratory of Chemically Induced and Experimental Carcinogenesis (MDSP-LCQE), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Department of Pathology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Biosciences Institute, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Faculty of Health Sciences, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Luri Hisano de Souza
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Experimental Research Unit (UNIPEX), Multimodel Drug Screening Platform, Laboratory of Chemically Induced and Experimental Carcinogenesis (MDSP-LCQE), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Biosciences Institute, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Josias Rodrigues
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Biosciences Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando Barbisan
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Experimental Research Unit (UNIPEX), Multimodel Drug Screening Platform, Laboratory of Chemically Induced and Experimental Carcinogenesis (MDSP-LCQE), Botucatu, SP, Brazil; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Biosciences Institute, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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17
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Zhang C, Sui Y, Liu S, Yang M. Molecular mechanisms of metabolic disease-associated hepatic inflammation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. EXPLORATION OF DIGESTIVE DISEASES 2023:246-275. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.37349/edd.2023.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading chronic liver disease worldwide, with a progressive form of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). It may progress to advanced liver diseases, including liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD/NASH is a comorbidity of many metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease. These metabolic diseases are often accompanied by systemic or extrahepatic inflammation, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis and treatment of NAFLD or NASH. Metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, impact the function, inflammation, and death of hepatocytes, the primary parenchymal cells in the liver tissue. Cholangiocytes, the epithelial cells that line the bile ducts, can differentiate into proliferative hepatocytes in chronic liver injury. In addition, hepatic non-parenchymal cells, including liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, hepatic stellate cells, and innate and adaptive immune cells, are involved in liver inflammation. Proteins such as fibroblast growth factors, acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylases, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 are involved in liver metabolism and inflammation, which are potential targets for NASH treatment. This review focuses on the effects of metabolic disease-induced extrahepatic inflammation, liver inflammation, and the cellular and molecular mechanisms of liver metabolism on the development and progression of NAFLD and NASH, as well as the associated treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunye Zhang
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Yuxiang Sui
- School of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041004, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Ni Y, Wang X, Wu Q, Yao Y, Xu Y, Li Y, Feng Q, Zhou M, Gou X. Qushi Huayu decoction ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats by modulating gut microbiota and serum lipids. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1272214. [PMID: 37900123 PMCID: PMC10600383 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1272214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multifactorial disease. As a clinical empirical prescription of traditional Chinese medicine, Qushi Huayu decoction (QHD) has attracted considerable attention for its advantages in multi-target treatment of NAFLD. However, the intervention mechanism of QHD on abnormal lipid levels and gut microbiota in NAFLD has not been reported. Methods Therefore, we verified the therapeutic effect of QHD on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD in rats by physiological parameters and histopathological examination. In addition, studies on gut microbiota and serum lipidomics based on 16S rRNA sequencing and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) were conducted to elucidate the therapeutic mechanism of NAFLD in QHD. Results The changes in gut microbiota in NAFLD rats are mainly reflected in their diversity and composition, while QHD treated rats restored these changes. The genera Blautia, Lactobacillus, Allobaculum, Lachnoclostridium and Bacteroides were predominant in the NAFLD group, whereas, Turicibacter, Blautia, Sporosarcina, Romboutsia, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Allobaculum, and Psychrobacter were predominant in the NAFLD+QHD group. Lipid subclasses, including diacylglycerol (DG), triglycerides (TG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylserine (PS), lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), and phosphatidylglycerol (PG), were significantly different between the NAFLD and the control groups, while QHD treatment significantly altered the levels of DG, TG, PA, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), and platelet activating factor (PAF). Finally, Spearman's correlation analysis showed that NAFLD related differential lipid molecules were mainly associated with the genera of Bacteroides, Blautia, Lachnoclostridium, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, and Turicibacter, which were also significantly correlated with the biological parameters of NAFLD. Discussion Taken together, QHD may exert beneficial effects by regulating the gut microbiota and thus intervening in serum lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Ni
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Central Laboratory, Baoshan District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Shanghai, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wu
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichen Yao
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Central Laboratory, Baoshan District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Shanghai, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Feng
- Institute of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingmei Zhou
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Gou
- Central Laboratory, Baoshan District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Shanghai, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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19
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Wang S, Friedman SL. Found in translation-Fibrosis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadi0759. [PMID: 37792957 PMCID: PMC10671253 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adi0759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is a severe form of liver disease that poses a global health threat because of its potential to progress to advanced fibrosis, leading to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Recent advances in single-cell methodologies, refined disease models, and genetic and epigenetic insights have provided a nuanced understanding of MASH fibrogenesis, with substantial cellular heterogeneity in MASH livers providing potentially targetable cell-cell interactions and behavior. Unlike fibrogenesis, mechanisms underlying fibrosis regression in MASH are still inadequately understood, although antifibrotic targets have been recently identified. A refined antifibrotic treatment framework could lead to noninvasive assessment and targeted therapies that preserve hepatocellular function and restore the liver's architectural integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Scott L. Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
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20
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Fotakis C, Kalafati IP, Amanatidou AI, Andreou V, Matzapetakis M, Kafyra M, Varlamis I, Zervou M, Dedoussis GV. Serum metabolomic profiling unveils distinct sex-related metabolic patterns in NAFLD. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1230457. [PMID: 37854184 PMCID: PMC10579908 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1230457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Obesity poses an increased risk for the onset of Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The influence of other factors, such as sex in the incidence and severity of this liver disease has not yet been fully elucidated. Thus, we aimed to identify the NAFLD serum metabolic signatures associated with sex in normal, overweight and obese patients and to associate the metabolite fluctuations across the increasing liver steatosis stages. Methods and results Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) serum samples of 210 NAFLD cases and control individuals diagnosed with liver U/S, our untargeted metabolomics enquiry provided a sex distinct metabolic bouquet. Increased levels of alanine, histidine and tyrosine are associated with severity of NAFLD in both men and women. Moreover, higher serum concentrations of valine, aspartic acid and mannose were positively associated with the progression of NAFLD among the male subjects, while a negative association was observed with the levels of creatine, phosphorylcholine and acetic acid. On the other hand, glucose was positively associated with the progression of NAFLD among the female subjects, while levels of threonine were negatively related. Fluctuations in ketone bodies acetoacetate and acetone were also observed among the female subjects probing a significant reduction in the circulatory levels of the former in NAFLD cases. A complex glycine response to hepatic steatosis of the female subjects deserves further investigation. Conclusion Results of this study aspire to address the paucity of data on sex differences regarding NAFLD pathogenesis. Targeted circulatory metabolome measurements could be used as diagnostic markers for the distinct stages of NAFLD in each sex and eventually aid in the development of novel sex-related therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalambos Fotakis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna-Panagiota Kalafati
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athina I. Amanatidou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Andreou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Manolis Matzapetakis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Kafyra
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Iraklis Varlamis
- Department of Informatics and Telematics, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Zervou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - George V. Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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21
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Yin K, Wang D, Zhang Y, Lu H, Wang Y, Xing M. Dose-effect of polystyrene microplastics on digestive toxicity in chickens (Gallus gallus): Multi-omics reveals critical role of gut-liver axis. J Adv Res 2023; 52:3-18. [PMID: 36334886 PMCID: PMC10555772 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Microplastic pollution seriously threatens the health and safety of humans and wildlife. Avian is one of the main species endangered by microplastics. However, the damage mechanism of microplastics to the digestive system of avian is not clear. OBJECTIVES The gut-liver axis is a bidirectional channel that regulates the exchange of information between the gut and the liver and is also a key target for tissue damage caused by pollutants. This study aimed to elucidate the digestive toxicity of microplastics in avian and the key role of the gut-liver axis in it. METHODS We constructed an exposure model for microplastics in environmental concentrations and toxicological concentrations in chickens and reveal the digestive toxicity of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) in avian by 16S rRNA, transcriptomics and metabolomics. RESULTS PS-MPs changed the death mode from apoptosis to necrosis and pyroptosis by upregulating Caspase 8, disrupting the intestinal vascular barrier, disturbing the intestinal flora and promoting the accumulation of lipopolysaccharide. Harmful flora and metabolites were translocated to the liver through the liver-gut axis, eliciting hepatic immune responses and promoting hepatic lipid metabolism disorders and apoptosis. Liver injury involves multiple molecular effects of mitochondrial dynamics disturbance, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and cell cycle disturbance. Furthermore, metabolomics suggested that caffeine and melanin metabolites may be potential natural resistance substances for microplastics. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data demonstrate the digestive damage of PS-MPs in avian, revealing a critical role of the liver-gut axis in it. This will provide a reference for protecting the safety of avian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yin
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Hongmin Lu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
| | - Mingwei Xing
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
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22
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Meyer RK, Duca FA. RISING STARS: Endocrine regulation of metabolic homeostasis via the intestine and gut microbiome. J Endocrinol 2023; 258:e230019. [PMID: 37171833 PMCID: PMC10524498 DOI: 10.1530/joe-23-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal system is now considered the largest endocrine organ, highlighting the importance of gut-derived peptides and metabolites in metabolic homeostasis. Gut peptides are secreted from intestinal enteroendocrine cells in response to nutrients, microbial metabolites, and neural and hormonal factors, and they regulate systemic metabolism via multiple mechanisms. While extensive research is focused on the neuroendocrine effects of gut peptides, evidence suggests that several of these hormones act as endocrine signaling molecules with direct effects on the target organ, especially in a therapeutic setting. Additionally, the gut microbiota metabolizes ingested nutrients and fiber to produce compounds that impact host metabolism indirectly, through gut peptide secretion, and directly, acting as endocrine factors. This review will provide an overview of the role of endogenous gut peptides in metabolic homeostasis and disease, as well as the potential endocrine impact of microbial metabolites on host metabolic tissue function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K Meyer
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Frank A Duca
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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23
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Flor-Duro A, Olivares M, Sanz Y. Tracking microbiota fibre breakdown to treat NASH. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:1382-1383. [PMID: 37488258 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01440-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Flor-Duro
- Microbiome, Nutrition & Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence, National Research Council, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Olivares
- Microbiome, Nutrition & Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence, National Research Council, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sanz
- Microbiome, Nutrition & Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence, National Research Council, Valencia, Spain.
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24
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Wei W, Wong CC, Jia Z, Liu W, Liu C, Ji F, Pan Y, Wang F, Wang G, Zhao L, Chu ESH, Zhang X, Sung JJY, Yu J. Parabacteroides distasonis uses dietary inulin to suppress NASH via its metabolite pentadecanoic acid. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:1534-1548. [PMID: 37386075 PMCID: PMC10390331 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01418-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the severe form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and is characterized by liver inflammation and fat accumulation. Dietary interventions, such as fibre, have been shown to alleviate this metabolic disorder in mice via the gut microbiota. Here, we investigated the mechanistic role of the gut microbiota in ameliorating NASH via dietary fibre in mice. Soluble fibre inulin was found to be more effective than insoluble fibre cellulose to suppress NASH progression in mice, as shown by reduced hepatic steatosis, necro-inflammation, ballooning and fibrosis. We employed stable isotope probing to trace the incorporation of 13C-inulin into gut bacterial genomes and metabolites during NASH progression. Shotgun metagenome sequencing revealed that the commensal Parabacteroides distasonis was enriched by 13C-inulin. Integration of 13C-inulin metagenomes and metabolomes suggested that P. distasonis used inulin to produce pentadecanoic acid, an odd-chain fatty acid, which was confirmed in vitro and in germ-free mice. P. distasonis or pentadecanoic acid was protective against NASH in mice. Mechanistically, inulin, P. distasonis or pentadecanoic acid restored gut barrier function in NASH models, which reduced serum lipopolysaccharide and liver pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Overall this shows that gut microbiota members can use dietary fibre to generate beneficial metabolites to suppress metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Wei
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi Chun Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhongjun Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Weixin Liu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Changan Liu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fenfen Ji
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yasi Pan
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Feixue Wang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Guoping Wang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liuyang Zhao
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eagle S H Chu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joseph J Y Sung
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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25
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Hu W, Lyu X, Xu H, Guo X, Zhu H, Pan H, Wang L, Yang H, Gong F. Intragastric Safflower Yellow Alleviates HFD Induced Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Mice through Regulating Gut Microbiota and Liver Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Nutrients 2023; 15:2954. [PMID: 37447278 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota was reported to play a significant role in the progression of the metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Our recent study suggested that gastrointestinal tract and liver were important targets mediating the anti-obesity effects of intragastric safflower yellow (SY). Therefore, our present study aims to investigate the effect of intragastric SY on MAFLD and possible mechanism. DIO mice were treated with 125 mg/kg/d SY for 12 weeks by gavage. We found intragastric SY significantly slowed weight gain of body, reduced the food intake and liver weight, improved hepatic steatosis, liver function and glucose metabolism in DIO mice. The comparison between OGTT and IPGTT illustrated OGTT produced a better improvement of glucose tolerance after SY treatment. We also found intragastric SY significantly increased the energy expenditure and locomotor activity of DIO mice. SY obviously decreased the expression of lipogenesis-associated and ERS-related genes in liver of DIO mice and PA-induced MAFLD hepatocyte model. Gut microbiota analysis demonstrated intragastric SY apparently changed the diversity and composition of gut microbiota of DIO mice. Further function prediction analysis indicated that gut microbiotas in SY-treated mice was positively related with energy metabolism, lipid metabolism and endocrine system. Intragastric SY has a significant therapeutic effect on MAFLD, which is mediated partly by modulating gut microbiota and improving liver ERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaorui Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hanyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiaonan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Fengying Gong
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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26
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Feng S, Meng C, Liu Y, Yi Y, Liang A, Zhang Y, Hao Z. Bacillus licheniformis prevents and reduces anxiety-like and depression-like behaviours. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12580-7. [PMID: 37209162 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12580-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
As common mental disorders, depression and anxiety impact people all around the world. Recent studies have found that the gut microbiome plays an important role in mental health. It is becoming possible to treat mental disorders by regulating the composition of the gut microbiota. Bacillus licheniformis is a probiotic used to treat gut diseases through balancing the gut microbiome during lasting years. Considering the role of gut microbiota in the gut-brain axis, this study used chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model rats to explore whether Bacillus licheniformis can prevent and treat depression and anxiety. We found that B. licheniformis reduced the depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviours of the rats during the CUMS process. Meanwhile, B. licheniformis changed the gut microbiota composition; increased the short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the colon, decreased kynurenine, norepinephrine, and glutamate levels; and increased the tryptophan, dopamine, epinephrine, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain. After correlation analysis, we found Parabacteroides, Anaerostipes, Ruminococcus-2, and Blautia showed significant correlation with neurotransmitters and SCFAs, indicating the gut microbiome plays an important role in B. licheniformis reducing depressive-like behaviours. Therefore, this study suggested B. licheniformis may prevent depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviours while regulating the gut microbiota composition and increasing the SCFA levels in the colon to alter the levels of the neurotransmitters in the brain. KEY POINTS: • B. licheniformis reduced depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviours induced by the chronic unpredictable mild stress. • GABA levels in the brain are assonated with B. licheniformis regulating depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviours. • Gut microbiota composition alteration followed by metabolic changes may play a role in the GABA levels increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Feng
- Institute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chen Meng
- Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yiyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yue Yi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Axin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yingyu Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Endocrinology and Metabolism Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China.
| | - Zikai Hao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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27
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Valentini A, Schultz-Knudsen K, Højgaard Hansen A, Tsakoumagkou A, Jenkins L, Christensen HB, Manandhar A, Milligan G, Ulven T, Rexen Ulven E. Discovery of Potent Tetrazole Free Fatty Acid Receptor 2 Antagonists. J Med Chem 2023; 66:6105-6121. [PMID: 37129317 PMCID: PMC10547238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2), also known as GPR43, mediates effects of short-chain fatty acids and has attracted interest as a potential target for treatment of various metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Herein, we report the results from bioisosteric replacement of the carboxylic acid group of the established FFA2 antagonist CATPB and SAR investigations around these compounds, leading to the discovery of the first high-potency FFA2 antagonists, with the preferred compound TUG-2304 (16l) featuring IC50 values of 3-4 nM in both cAMP and GTPγS assays, favorable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties, and the ability to completely inhibit propionate-induced neutrophil migration and respiratory burst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Valentini
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University
of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine Schultz-Knudsen
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University
of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Højgaard Hansen
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University
of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Argyro Tsakoumagkou
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University
of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Jenkins
- Centre
for Translational Pharmacology, School of Molecular Biosciences, College
of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Henriette B. Christensen
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University
of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Asmita Manandhar
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University
of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Graeme Milligan
- Centre
for Translational Pharmacology, School of Molecular Biosciences, College
of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Trond Ulven
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University
of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University
of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Elisabeth Rexen Ulven
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University
of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Zhao R, Zhang C, Yu L, Zhang C, Zhao J, Narbad A, Zhai Q, Tian F. In Vitro Fermentation of Hyaluronan with Different Molecular Weights by Human Gut Microbiota: Differential Effects on Gut Microbiota Structure and Metabolic Function. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2103. [PMID: 37177246 PMCID: PMC10180753 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) has various biological functions and is used extensively as a dietary supplement. Previous studies have shown that the probiotic effects of polysaccharides are closely associated with their molecular properties. The intestinal microbiota has been demonstrated to degrade HA; however, the regulatory effects of different molecular weights (MW) of HA on gut microbiota and metabolites are unknown. In the present study, we performed in vitro fermentation of human-derived feces for three MWs of HA (HA1, 32.3 kDa; HA2, 411 kDa; and HA3, 1510 kDa) to investigate the differences in the fermentation properties of HA with different MWs. We found that gut microbiota can utilize all HAs and, consequently, produce large amounts of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). In addition, we showed that all three HA MWs promoted the growth of Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, and Faecalibacterium, with HA1 being more effective at promoting the growth of Bacteroides. HAs have various regulatory effects on the structure and metabolites of the gut microbiota. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that alterations in gut microbiota and their metabolites were significantly correlated with changes in metabolic markers. For instance, HA1 enriched α-eleostearic acid and DL-3-aminoisobutyric acid by regulating the abundance of Bacteroides, and HA3 enriched Thymidin by regulating Faecalibacterium. Collectively, the fermentation properties of HA vary across MW, and our results provide insights into the potential association between the MW of HA and its fermentation characteristics by the gut microbiota. These findings provide insights into the influence of the gut microbiota and HAs on the health of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Arjan Narbad
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Gut Health and Microbiome Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Radford-Smith DE, Anthony DC. Prebiotic and Probiotic Modulation of the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Depression. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081880. [PMID: 37111100 PMCID: PMC10146605 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence demonstrates that alterations to the gut microbiota can affect mood, suggesting that the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis contributes to the pathogenesis of depression. Many of these pathways overlap with the way in which the gut microbiota are thought to contribute to metabolic disease progression and obesity. In rodents, prebiotics and probiotics have been shown to modulate the composition and function of the gut microbiota. Together with germ-free rodent models, probiotics have provided compelling evidence for a causal relationship between microbes, microbial metabolites, and altered neurochemical signalling and inflammatory pathways in the brain. In humans, probiotic supplementation has demonstrated modest antidepressant effects in individuals with depressive symptoms, though more studies in clinically relevant populations are needed. This review critically discusses the role of the MGB axis in depression pathophysiology, integrating preclinical and clinical evidence, as well as the putative routes of communication between the microbiota-gut interface and the brain. A critical overview of the current approaches to investigating microbiome changes in depression is provided. To effectively translate preclinical breakthroughs in MGB axis research into novel therapies, rigorous placebo-controlled trials alongside a mechanistic and biochemical understanding of prebiotic and probiotic action are required from future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Radford-Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Warneford Lane, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Daniel C Anthony
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
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30
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Shashni B, Tajika Y, Ikeda Y, Nishikawa Y, Nagasaki Y. Self-assembling polymer-based short chain fatty acid prodrugs ameliorate non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis. Biomaterials 2023; 295:122047. [PMID: 36840994 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
With the preponderance of a high-calorie diet and sedentary lifestyle, the prevalence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a state of abnormally elevated lipid accumulation in the liver with chronic inflammation, is increasing at an alarming rate worldwide. Hence, cost-effective therapeutic interventions are required to manage this disease at an early stage. Numerous reports have suggested a link between gut microbial dysbiosis, particularly a decrease in the abundance of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA)-producing microbiota and NASH pathogenesis. Considering these low molecular weight (LMW) SCFAs such as acetic, propionic, and butyric acids have been used to inhibit hepatic steatosis in mouse models. However, the poor pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of SCFAs, caused due to their LMW, renders them therapeutically ineffective. Thus, to improve the PK characteristic-based therapeutic efficacy of LMW SCFAs, we designed SCFA-based prodrugs that possess self-assembling characteristics in aqueous media. The designed SCFA prodrugs consist of enzyme-metabolizable amphiphilic block copolymers, [poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(vinyl ester)s] conjugated to propionic acid (PA) or butyric acid (BA) by an ester linkage, which self-assemble into stable nanosized micelles several tens of nanometers in diameter (NanoPA and NanoBA). Via pharmacological analysis, we confirmed that, after oral administration, LMW BA decreased to a physiological level within 24 h in the liver, whereas BA liberated from NanoBA was observed until 72 h post-administration, implying a sustained release profile. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of NanoSCFA in a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined high-fat diet (CDAHFD)-induced NASH and liver fibrosis mouse model by ad libitum drinking. NanoSCFA, particularly NanoBA, exhibited the remarkable potential to ameliorate the phenotypic features of fatty liver disease by reducing hepatic lipogenesis and fibrosis, with negligible adverse effects. In contrast, conventional LMW SCFAs failed to prevent the pathogenesis of fatty liver disease, which plausibly can be explained by their rapid clearance and discernible adverse effects. Mechanistic studies revealed that NanoBA restored the nuclear expression of PPARα, a transcriptional factor regulating mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, in the periportal hepatocytes and decreased the CPT1A expression level in the hepatic tissues, reflecting the therapeutic effects of NanoBA. Taken together, we confirmed that our NanoSCFA potentially improved the PK properties of SCFAs, and it consequently alleviated NASH symptoms and fibrotic liver compared to LMW SCFAs. Our study establishes NanoSCFA as a suitable nano-assembled prodrug for NASH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babita Shashni
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Yuya Tajika
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ikeda
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishikawa
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, 1 Chome-1-1, Midorigaoka, Higashi 2 Jo, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yukio Nagasaki
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan; University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan; Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan.
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31
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Qin YQ, Wang LY, Yang XY, Xu YJ, Fan G, Fan YG, Ren JN, An Q, Li X. Inulin: properties and health benefits. Food Funct 2023; 14:2948-2968. [PMID: 36876591 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01096h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Inulin, a soluble dietary fiber, is widely found in more than 36 000 plant species as a reserve polysaccharide. The primary sources of inulin, include Jerusalem artichoke, chicory, onion, garlic, barley, and dahlia, among which Jerusalem artichoke tubers and chicory roots are often used as raw materials for inulin production in the food industry. It is universally acknowledged that inulin as a prebiotic has an outstanding effect on the regulation of intestinal microbiota via stimulating the growth of beneficial bacteria. In addition, inulin also exhibits excellent health benefits in regulating lipid metabolism, weight loss, lowering blood sugar, inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors, reducing the risk of colon cancer, enhancing mineral absorption, improving constipation, and relieving depression. In this review paper, we attempt to present an exhaustive overview of the function and health benefits of inulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Qin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Liu-Yan Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Xin-Yu Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Yi-Jie Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Gang Fan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Yan-Ge Fan
- Institute of Chemistry Co. Ltd, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jing-Nan Ren
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Qi An
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Xiao Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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32
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Ney LM, Wipplinger M, Grossmann M, Engert N, Wegner VD, Mosig AS. Short chain fatty acids: key regulators of the local and systemic immune response in inflammatory diseases and infections. Open Biol 2023; 13:230014. [PMID: 36977462 PMCID: PMC10049789 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The human intestinal microbiome substantially affects human health and resistance to infections in its dynamic composition and varying release of microbial-derived metabolites. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) produced by commensal bacteria through fermentation of indigestible fibres are considered key regulators in orchestrating the host immune response to microbial colonization by regulating phagocytosis, chemokine and central signalling pathways of cell growth and apoptosis, thereby shaping the composition and functionality of the intestinal epithelial barrier. Although research of the last decades provided valuable insight into the pleiotropic functions of SCFAs and their capability to maintain human health, mechanistic details on how SCFAs act across different cell types and other organs are not fully understood. In this review, we provide an overview of the various functions of SCFAs in regulating cellular metabolism, emphasizing the orchestration of the immune response along the gut-brain, the gut-lung and the gut-liver axes. We discuss their potential pharmacological use in inflammatory diseases and infections and highlight new options of relevant human three-dimensional organ models to investigate and validate their biological functions in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Marie Ney
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Kastanienallee 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Maximilian Wipplinger
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Kastanienallee 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Martha Grossmann
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Kastanienallee 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Nicole Engert
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Kastanienallee 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Valentin D Wegner
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Kastanienallee 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander S Mosig
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Jena University Hospital, Kastanienallee 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
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33
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Hou X, Wu N, Ren S, Wang X, Mu Q, Zhang Y, Wang S, Yu W, Guo J. Profiling Blautia at high taxonomic resolution reveals correlations with cognitive dysfunction in Chinese children with Down syndrome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1109889. [PMID: 36844413 PMCID: PMC9950735 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1109889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Down syndrome (DS), the presence of a supernumerary chromosome 21, is associated with cognitive dysfunction caused by early neurodegenerative processes. Alterations in the gut microbiota were observed in Chinese children with DS, and the genus Blautia was associated with cognitive function in these children. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the detailed composition of this group at the species level and to explore the effect of specific species on cognitive function. Methods In this study, Blautia-specific amplicon sequencing was conducted to identify the specific Blautia species in 15 children with DS and 15 matched healthy children. Results The taxonomic analyses suggested that the Blautia taxa were clustered by disease status. The diversity of Blautia at the species level differed between DS patients and healthy controls, with the abundances of Blautia massiliensis and Blautia argi decreasing in DS children, while Blautia faecis was increased. Acetic acid, one of the metabolites of Blautia, was significantly reduced in the DS group. Of particular interest, Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed decreased modules related to starch and sucrose metabolism and glycolysis. In addition, B. argi was positively related to DS cognitive scores, and B. faecis was negatively related to cognitive function, implying its role on the DS cognitive impairments. Discussion Our study has important implications for understanding the important effects of specific species of Blautia on cognitive function and thus possibly provides a new strategy for future studies of cognitive improvement in individuals with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Hou
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shimeng Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinjuan Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Mu
- Department of Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Yu
- Department of Central Laboratory & Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Jingzhu Guo, ; Weidong Yu,
| | - Jingzhu Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Jingzhu Guo, ; Weidong Yu,
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34
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Wu J, Yu C, Shen S, Ren Y, Cheng H, Xiao H, Liu D, Chen S, Ye X, Chen J. RGI-Type Pectic Polysaccharides Modulate Gut Microbiota in a Molecular Weight-Dependent Manner In Vitro. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:2160-2172. [PMID: 36648986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the fermentation characteristics of high rhamnogalacturonan I pectic polysaccharides (RGI) and free-radical degraded RGI (DRGI) were evaluated by a human fecal batch-fermentation model, and their structural properties were also investigated. As a result, the Mw of RGI decreased from 246.8 to 11.6 kDa, and the branches were broken dramatically. Fermentation showed that RGI degraded faster and produced more acetate and propionate than DRGI. Both of them reduced the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and promoted the development of Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus, bringing benefits to the gut ecosystem. However, the composition and metabolic pathways of the microbiota in RGI and DRGI were different. Most of the dominant bacteria of RGI (such as [Eubacterium]_eligens_group) participated in carbohydrate utilization, leading to better performance in glucolipid metabolism and energy metabolism. This work elucidated that large molecular weight matters in the gut microbiota modulatory effect of RGI-type pectic polysaccharides in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiong Wu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Innovation Center, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Chengxiao Yu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Innovation Center, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Sihuan Shen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Innovation Center, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Yanming Ren
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Innovation Center, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Huan Cheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Innovation Center, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
- Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314102, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Innovation Center, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Donghong Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Innovation Center, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314102, China
| | - Shiguo Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Innovation Center, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
- Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314102, China
| | - Xingqian Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Innovation Center, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
- Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Jianle Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Innovation Center, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
- NingboTech University, Ningbo315100, China
- Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
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35
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Duan H, Li J, Fan L. Agaricus bisporus Polysaccharides Ameliorates Behavioural Deficits in D-Galactose-Induced Aging Mice: Mediated by Gut Microbiota. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020424. [PMID: 36673515 PMCID: PMC9857696 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
White button mushroom polysaccharide (WMP) has various health-promoting functions. However, whether these functions are mediated by gut microbiota has not been well explored. Therefore, this study evaluated the anti-aging capacity of WMP and its effects on the diversity and composition of gut microbiota in D-galactose-induced aging mice. WMP significantly improved locomotor activity and the spatial and recognition memory of the aging mice. It also alleviated oxidative stress and decreased the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the brain. Moreover, WMP increased α-diversity, the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) level and the abundance of beneficial genera, such as Bacteroides and Parabacteroides. Moreover, its effect on Bacteroides at the species level was further determined, and the enrichments of B. acidifaciens, B. sartorii and B. stercorirosoris were found. A PICRUSt analysis revealed that WMP had a greater impact on the metabolism of carbon, fatty acid and amino acid, as well as the MAPK and PPAR signaling pathway. In addition, there was a strong correlation between the behavioral improvements and changes in SCFA levels and the abundance of Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Mucispirillum and Desulfovibrio and Helicobacter. Therefore, WMP might be suitable as a functional foods to prevent or delay aging via the directed enrichment of specific species in Bacteroides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jinwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Liuping Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-510-85876799
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36
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Yan M, Man S, Liang Y, Ma L, Guo L, Huang L, Gao W. Diosgenin alleviates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis through affecting liver-gut circulation. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106621. [PMID: 36535571 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), as the aggressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), rapidly becomes the leading cause of end-stage liver disease or liver transplantation. Nowadays, there has no approved drug for NASH treatment. Diosgenin possesses multiple beneficial effects towards inhibition of lipid accumulation, cholesterol metabolism, fibrotic progression and inflammatory response. However, there has been no report concerning its effects on NASH so far. Using methionine and choline-deficient (MCD) feeding mice, we evaluated the anti-NASH effects of diosgenin. 16 S rDNA was used to investigate gut microbiota composition. Transcriptome sequencing, LC/MS and GC/MS analysis were used to evaluate bile acids (BAs) metabolism and their related pathway. Compared with the MCD group, diosgenin treatment improved the hepatic dysfunction, especially decreased the serum and hepatic TC, TG, ALT, AST and TBA to nearly 50%. Content of BAs, especially CA and TCA, were decreased from 59.30 and 26.00-39.71 and 11.48 ng/mg in liver and from 0.96 and 2.1-0.47 and 1.13 μg/mL in serum, and increased from 7.01 and 11.08-3.278 and 5.11 ng/mg in feces, respectively. Antibiotic and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) treatment further confirmed the therapeutic effect of diosgenin on gut microbiota, especially Clostridia (LDA score of 4.94), which regulated BAs metabolism through the hepatic FXR-SHP and intestinal FXR-FGF15 pathways. These data indicate that diosgenin prevents NASH by altering Clostridia and BAs metabolism. Our results shed light on the mechanisms of diosgenin in treating NASH, which pave way for the design of novel clinical therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Shuli Man
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Yueru Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Long Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Lanping Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
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Maestri M, Santopaolo F, Pompili M, Gasbarrini A, Ponziani FR. Gut microbiota modulation in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Effects of current treatments and future strategies. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1110536. [PMID: 36875849 PMCID: PMC9978194 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1110536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is frequently associated with metabolic disorders, being highly prevalent in obese and diabetic patients. Many concomitant factors that promote systemic and liver inflammation are involved in NAFLD pathogenesis, with a growing body of evidence highlighting the key role of the gut microbiota. Indeed, the gut-liver axis has a strong impact in the promotion of NAFLD and in the progression of the wide spectrum of its manifestations, claiming efforts to find effective strategies for gut microbiota modulation. Diet is among the most powerful tools; Western diet negatively affects intestinal permeability and the gut microbiota composition and function, selecting pathobionts, whereas Mediterranean diet fosters health-promoting bacteria, with a favorable impact on lipid and glucose metabolism and liver inflammation. Antibiotics and probiotics have been used to improve NAFLD features, with mixed results. More interestingly, medications used to treat NAFLD-associated comorbidities may also modulate the gut microbiota. Drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), such as metformin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists, and sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) inhibitors, are not only effective in the regulation of glucose homeostasis, but also in the reduction of liver fat content and inflammation, and they are associated with a shift in the gut microbiota composition towards a healthy phenotype. Even bariatric surgery significantly changes the gut microbiota, mostly due to the modification of the gastrointestinal anatomy, with a parallel improvement in histological features of NAFLD. Other options with promising effects in reprogramming the gut-liver axis, such as fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) and next-generation probiotics deserve further investigation for future inclusion in the therapeutic armamentarium of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Maestri
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology-Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Santopaolo
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology-Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology-Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology-Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology-Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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38
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Guo J, Shi CX, Zhang QQ, Deng W, Zhang LY, Chen Q, Zhang DM, Gong ZJ. Interventions for non-alcoholic liver disease: a gut microbial metabolites perspective. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2022; 15:17562848221138676. [PMID: 36506748 PMCID: PMC9730013 DOI: 10.1177/17562848221138676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a leading burden of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver transplantation. Although the exact pathogenesis of NAFLD has not been fully elucidated, recent hypotheses placed more emphasis on the crucial role of the gut microbiome and its derivatives. Reportedly, microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, amino acid metabolites (indole and its derivatives), bile acids (BAs), trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), and endogenous ethanol exhibit sophisticated bioactive properties. These molecules regulate host lipid, glucose, and BAs metabolic homeostasis via modulating nutrient absorption, energy expenditure, inflammation, and the neuroendocrine axis. Consequently, a broad range of research has studied the therapeutic effects of microbiota-derived metabolites. In this review, we explore the interaction of microbial products and NAFLD. We also discuss the regulatory role of existing NAFLD therapies on metabolite levels and investigate the potential of targeting those metabolites to relieve NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun-Xia Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing-Qi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu-Yi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan-Mei Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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39
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Choline and butyrate beneficially modulate the gut microbiome without affecting atherosclerosis in APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice. Atherosclerosis 2022; 362:47-55. [PMID: 36347649 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Choline has been shown to exert atherogenic effects in Apoe-/- and Ldlr-/- mice, related to its conversion by gut bacteria into trimethylamine (TMA) that is converted by the liver into the proinflammatory metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). Since butyrate beneficially modulates the gut microbiota and has anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic properties, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether butyrate can alleviate choline-induced atherosclerosis. To this end, we used APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice, a well-established atherosclerosis-prone model with human-like lipoprotein metabolism. METHODS Female APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice were fed an atherogenic diet alone or supplemented with choline, butyrate or their combination for 16 weeks. RESULTS Interestingly, choline protected against fat mass gain, increased the abundance of anti-inflammatory gut microbes, and increased the expression of gut microbial genes involved in TMA and TMAO degradation. Butyrate similarly attenuated fat mass gain and beneficially modulated the gut microbiome, as shown by increased abundance of anti-inflammatory and short chain fatty acid-producing microbes, and inhibited expression of gut microbial genes involved in lipopolysaccharide synthesis. Both choline and butyrate upregulated hepatic expression of flavin-containing monooxygenases, and their combination resulted in highest circulating TMAO levels. Nonetheless, choline, butyrate and their combination did not influence atherosclerosis development, and TMAO levels were not associated with atherosclerotic lesion size. CONCLUSIONS While choline and butyrate have been reported to oppositely modulate atherosclerosis development in Apoe-/- and Ldlr-/- mice as related to changes in the gut microbiota, both dietary constituents did not affect atherosclerosis development while beneficially modulating the gut microbiome in APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice.
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40
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Ma S, Yang B, Shi Y, Du Y, Lv Y, Liu J, Liu E, Xu H, Deng L, Chen XY. Adlay (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) Polyphenol Improves Hepatic Glucose and Lipid Homeostasis through Regulating Intestinal Flora via AMPK Pathway. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2200447. [PMID: 36214059 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a type of metabolic syndrome characterized of abnormal lipid deposition in the liver. Adlay polyphenol (AP), an effective component extracted from Coix lacryma-jobi L., has been reported that it can be used as a dietary supplement to prevent NAFLD. In this study, the mechanism and action of AP on lipid metabolism and regulation of intestinal flora are investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS AP significantly decreases the lipid accumulation in free fatty acid-treated HepG2 cells. Western blot results indicate that AP improves lipid metabolism via activating the p-AMPK/p-ACC pathway. In vivo experiments show AP treatment significantly decreases the body weight, liver weight, hepatic triglyceride, and total cholesterol contents, as well as the serum glucose levels in high fat diet-fed mice, which may affect lipid accumulation by activating AMPK pathway and changing intestinal bacterial communities and intestinal microbiome metabolism. CONCLUSION AP can be used as a food supplement for improving lipid metabolic dysfunction and reducing the incidence of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengsuo Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Bing Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yuebei People's Hospital, Shaoguan, Guangdong, 512026, China
| | - Yucong Shi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Yang Du
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Yiwen Lv
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Jiarong Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Enyan Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Huachong Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Li Deng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.,Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou, University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in CM" "Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Diseases, AMI Key Lab of Chinese Medicine in Guangzhou, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Chirality Research on Active Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Xiao-Yin Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
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41
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Lactobacillus gasseri RW2014 Ameliorates Hyperlipidemia by Modulating Bile Acid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota Composition in Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14234945. [PMID: 36500975 PMCID: PMC9737415 DOI: 10.3390/nu14234945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a leading risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Dietary supplementation with probiotics has been suggested as an alternative intervention to lower cholesterol. In the current study, we isolated a strain of Lactobacillus gasseri RW2014 (LGA) from the feces of a healthy infant fed with breast milk, and it displayed bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity. Using this strain we determined its cholesterol-lowering and fatty liver-improving functions. SD rats were randomly divided into four groups. The control rats were fed a commercial chow diet and the other three groups were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for a 7-week experiment period. After two weeks of feeding, the rats in PBS, simvastin, and LGA group were daily administered through oral gavage with 2 mL PBS, simvastin (1 mg/mL), and 2 × 109 CFU/mouse live LGA in PBS, respectively. After five weeks of such treatment, the rats were euthanized and tissue samples were collected. Blood lipid and inflammatory factors were measured by ELISA, gut microbiota was determined by 16S rRNA sequencing, and bile acids profiles were detected by metabolomics. We found that LGA group had lower levels of blood cholesterol and liver steatosis compared to the simvastin group. LGA also significantly reducedthe levels of inflammatory factors in the serum, including TNFα, IL-1β, MCP-1, IL-6, and exotoxin (ET), and increased the levels of short-chain fatty acids in feces, including isobutyric acid, butyric acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid, and hexanoic acid. In addition, LGA altered the compositions of gut microbiota as manifested by the increased ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroides and the relative abundance of Blautia genus. Targeted metabolomics results showed that bile acids, especially free bile acids and secondary bile acids in feces, were increased in LGA rats compared with the control rats. Accordingly, the rats administrated with LGA also had a higher abundance of serum bile acids, including 23-norcholic acid, 7-ketolithocholic acid, β-muricholic acid, cholic acid, and deoxycholic acid. Together, this study suggests that LGA may exert a cholesterol-lowering effect by modulating the metabolism of bile acids and the composition of gut microbiota.
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42
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Cao Y, Aquino-Martinez R, Hutchison E, Allayee H, Lusis AJ, Rey FE. Role of gut microbe-derived metabolites in cardiometabolic diseases: Systems based approach. Mol Metab 2022; 64:101557. [PMID: 35870705 PMCID: PMC9399267 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiome influences host physiology and cardiometabolic diseases by interacting directly with intestinal cells or by producing molecules that enter the host circulation. Given the large number of microbial species present in the gut and the numerous factors that influence gut bacterial composition, it has been challenging to understand the underlying biological mechanisms that modulate risk of cardiometabolic disease. SCOPE OF THE REVIEW Here we discuss a systems-based approach that involves simultaneously examining individuals in populations for gut microbiome composition, molecular traits using "omics" technologies, such as circulating metabolites quantified by mass spectrometry, and clinical traits. We summarize findings from landmark studies using this approach and discuss future applications. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Population-based integrative approaches have identified a large number of microbe-derived or microbe-modified metabolites that are associated with cardiometabolic traits. The knowledge gained from these studies provide new opportunities for understanding the mechanisms involved in gut microbiome-host interactions and may have potentially important implications for developing novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cao
- Departments of Medicine, Human Genetics, and Microbiology, Immunology, & Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine of UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ruben Aquino-Martinez
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Evan Hutchison
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Hooman Allayee
- Departments of Population & Public Health Sciences and Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Departments of Medicine, Human Genetics, and Microbiology, Immunology, & Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine of UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Federico E Rey
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Cortés A, Martin J, Rosa BA, Stark KA, Clare S, McCarthy C, Harcourt K, Brandt C, Tolley C, Lawley TD, Mitreva M, Berriman M, Rinaldi G, Cantacessi C. The gut microbial metabolic capacity of microbiome-humanized vs. wild type rodents reveals a likely dual role of intestinal bacteria in hepato-intestinal schistosomiasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010878. [PMID: 36279280 PMCID: PMC9633004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that the host gut microbiota might be involved in the immunological cascade that culminates with the formation of tissue granulomas underlying the pathophysiology of hepato-intestinal schistosomiasis. In this study, we investigated the impact of Schistosoma mansoni infection on the gut microbial composition and functional potential of both wild type and microbiome-humanized mice. In spite of substantial differences in microbiome composition at baseline, selected pathways were consistently affected by parasite infection. The gut microbiomes of infected mice of both lines displayed, amongst other features, enhanced capacity for tryptophan and butyrate production, which might be linked to the activation of mechanisms aimed to prevent excessive injuries caused by migrating parasite eggs. Complementing data from previous studies, our findings suggest that the host gut microbiome might play a dual role in the pathophysiology of schistosomiasis, where intestinal bacteria may contribute to egg-associated pathology while, in turn, protect the host from uncontrolled tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Cortés
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Departament de Farmàcia, Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - John Martin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Bruce A. Rosa
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Klara A. Stark
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Clare
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine McCarthy
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Harcourt
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Cordelia Brandt
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Tolley
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor D. Lawley
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Makedonka Mitreva
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Matthew Berriman
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriel Rinaldi
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Cinzia Cantacessi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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44
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Xiong J, Chen X, Zhao Z, Liao Y, Zhou T, Xiang Q. A potential link between plasma short‑chain fatty acids, TNF‑α level and disease progression in non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease: A retrospective study. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:598. [PMID: 35949337 PMCID: PMC9353543 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The onset and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unclear, but short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in circulation may participate in its pathogenesis by acting as inflammation inhibitors. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate plasma concentrations of general SCFAs in healthy individuals and in patients with distinct stages of NAFLD. Three main SCFAs (including acetate, propionate and butyrate) were analyzed by gas chromatography. The plasma TNF-α concentration was measured by ELISA. One-way ANOVA, Spearman's correlation and Pearson's correlation analysis were performed to estimate the associations between SCFAs, TNF-α and disease progression. Multiple linear stepwise regression was computed to explore the predictor variables of TNF-α in circulation. A total of 71 patients with NAFLD [including 27 patients with NAFL, 20 patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and 24 patients with NAFLD-related cirrhosis (NAFLD-cirrhosis)] and 9 healthy control (HC) subjects were enrolled for analysis. Although not statistically significant, plasma SCFAs were elevated in patients with NAFL compared with HC subjects, whereas the vast majority of SCFAs were statistically reduced in patients with NASH or NAFLD-cirrhosis compared with patients with NAFL. Plasma SCFAs had no significant differences in NASH or NAFLD-cirrhosis patients compared with HC subjects. In addition, significant negative correlations were observed between TNF-α and SCFAs. The progression of NAFLD (β=0.849; P<0.001) and the decline of the total three SCFA concentrations (β=-0.189; P<0.001) were recognized as independent risk variables related to the elevated peripheral TNF-α in the multiple linear stepwise regression model. Plasma SCFA concentrations may alter with the development of NAFLD and may have a potential link to TNF-α and the progression of NAFLD, which may serve a protective role toward disease advancement. Further mechanistic studies, such as analysis of gastrointestinal microecology, signaling pathways and functions involved in TNF-α, need to be performed. Also, therapeutic supplementation of SCFAs for NASH and NAFLD-cirrhosis needs further research and verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610051, P.R. China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610051, P.R. China
| | - Zhijing Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610051, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610051, P.R. China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610051, P.R. China
| | - Qian Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Sixth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan 610051, P.R. China
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Zhao M, Cui W, Hu X, Ma Z. Anti-hyperlipidemic and ameliorative effects of chickpea starch and resistant starch in mice with high fat diet induced obesity are associated with their multi-scale structural characteristics. Food Funct 2022; 13:5135-5152. [PMID: 35416192 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04354d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chickpea starches were isolated from both untreated (UC-S) and conventionally cooked seeds (CC-S), and their multi-scale structural characteristics and in vivo physiological effects on controlling hyperlipidemia in high fat diet induced obese mice were compared with their corresponding resistant starch (RS) fractions obtained by an in vitro enzymatic isolation method (UC-RS and CC-RS). The degree of order/degree of double helix in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was in the following order: CC-RS > UC-RS > CC-S > UC-S, which was consistent with the trend observed for relative crystallinity and double helix contents monitored by X-ray diffractometer and solid-state 13C cross-polarization and magic angle spinning NMR analyses. The influence of different types of chickpea starch and their corresponding resistant starch fractions on regulating the serum lipid profile, antioxidant status, and histopathological changes in liver, colon and cecal tissues, and gene expressions associated with lipid metabolism, gut microbiota, as well as short-chain fatty acid metabolites in mice with high fat diet induced obesity was investigated. The results showed that the chickpea RS diet group exhibited overall better anti-hyperlipidemic and ameliorative effects than those of the starch group, and such effects were most pronounced in the CC-RS intervention group. After a six-week period of administration with chickpea starch and RS diets, mice in the UC-RS and CC-RS groups tended to have relatively significantly higher levels (P < 0.05) of butyric acid in their fecal contents. The 16S rRNA sequencing results revealed that mice fed with CC-RS showed the greatest abundance of Akkermansia and Lactobacillus compared with the other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengliu Zhao
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, China.
| | - Wenxin Cui
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, China.
| | - Xinzhong Hu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, China.
| | - Zhen Ma
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710062, China.
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ALPTEKİN RAİM, ÇAKIROĞLU PDFP, KİREMİTCİ APS, NEMUTLU PDE, REÇBER RAT. Inulin may prevent steatosis by suppressing Cannabinoid receptor-1 and Patatin-like phospholipase-3 expression in liver. Nutrition 2022; 103-104:111742. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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47
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Wang H, Wang Q, Yang C, Guo M, Cui X, Jing Z, Liu Y, Qiao W, Qi H, Zhang H, Zhang X, Zhao N, Zhang M, Chen M, Zhang S, Xu H, Zhao L, Qiao M, Wu Z. Bacteroides acidifaciens in the gut plays a protective role against CD95-mediated liver injury. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2027853. [PMID: 35129072 PMCID: PMC8820816 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2027853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal flora plays an important role in the development of many human and animal diseases. Microbiome association studies revealed the potential regulatory function of intestinal bacteria in many liver diseases, such as autoimmune hepatitis, viral hepatitis and alcoholic hepatitis. However, the key intestinal bacterial strains that affect pathological liver injury and the underlying functional mechanisms remain unclear. We found that the gut microbiota from gentamycin (Gen)-treated mice significantly alleviated concanavalin A (ConA)-induced liver injury compared to vancomycin (Van)-treated mice by inhibiting CD95 expression on the surface of hepatocytes and reducing CD95/CD95L-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis. Through the combination of microbiota sequencing and correlation analysis, we isolated 5 strains with the highest relative abundance, Bacteroides acidifaciens (BA), Parabacteroides distasonis (PD), Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (BT), Bacteroides dorei (BD) and Bacteroides uniformis (BU), from the feces of Gen-treated mice. Only BA played a protective role against ConA-induced liver injury. Further studies demonstrated that BA-reconstituted mice had reduced CD95/CD95L signaling, which was required for the decrease in the L-glutathione/glutathione (GSSG/GSH) ratio observed in the liver. BA-reconstituted mice were also more resistant to alcoholic liver injury. Our work showed that a specific murine intestinal bacterial strain, BA, ameliorated liver injury by reducing hepatocyte apoptosis in a CD95-dependent manner. Determination of the function of BA may provide an opportunity for its future use as a treatment for liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesuiyuan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chengmao Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingming Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyue Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhe Jing
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wanjin Qiao
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hang Qi
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongyang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengjuan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Song Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Haijin Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liqing Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingqiang Qiao
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenzhou Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China,CONTACT Zhenzhou Wu Nankai University, No. 94 Weijin Road, Nankai Distract, Tianjin300071, China
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48
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Gut Microbiome in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Role. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030550. [PMID: 35327352 PMCID: PMC8945462 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered to be a significant health threat globally, and has attracted growing concern in the research field of liver diseases. NAFLD comprises multifarious fatty degenerative disorders in the liver, including simple steatosis, steatohepatitis and fibrosis. The fundamental pathophysiology of NAFLD is complex and multifactor-driven. In addition to viruses, metabolic syndrome and alcohol, evidence has recently indicated that the microbiome is related to the development and progression of NAFLD. In this review, we summarize the possible microbiota-based therapeutic approaches and highlight the importance of establishing the diagnosis of NAFLD through the different spectra of the disease via the gut–liver axis.
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49
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Song Q, Zhang X. The Role of Gut–Liver Axis in Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis Associated NAFLD and NAFLD-HCC. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030524. [PMID: 35327326 PMCID: PMC8945287 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered as one of the most prevalent chronic liver diseases worldwide due to the rapidly rising prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome. As a hepatic manifestation of metabolic disease, NAFLD begins with hepatic fat accumulation and progresses to hepatic inflammation, termed as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis, and finally leading to NAFLD-related hepatocellular carcinoma (NAFLD-HCC). Accumulating evidence showed that the gut microbiome plays a vital role in the initiation and progression of NAFLD through the gut–liver axis. The gut–liver axis is the mutual communication between gut and liver comprising the portal circulation, bile duct, and systematic circulation. The gut microbiome dysbiosis contributes to NAFLD development by dysregulating the gut–liver axis, leading to increased intestinal permeability and unrestrained transfer of microbial metabolites into the liver. In this review, we systematically summarized the up-to-date information of gut microbiome dysbiosis and metabolomic changes along the stages of steatosis, NASH, fibrosis, and NAFLD-HCC. The components and functions of the gut–liver axis and its association with NAFLD were then discussed. In addition, we highlighted current knowledge of gut microbiome-based treatment strategies targeting the gut–liver axis for preventing NAFLD and its associated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Song
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-3763-6102
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50
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Yan R, Lu Y, Wu X, Yu P, Lan P, Wu X, Jiang Y, Li Q, Pi X, Liu W, Zhou J, Yu Y. Anticolonization of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae by Lactobacillus plantarum LP1812 Through Accumulated Acetic Acid in Mice Intestinal. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:804253. [PMID: 34976873 PMCID: PMC8714838 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.804253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) is highly prevalent and poses a significant threat to public health. In critically ill patients, gut colonization is considered to be the reservoir of recurrent CRKP infection. Therefore, eliminating CRKP carriage in the intestine is critical for preventing subsequent CRKP infection. In the present study, Lactobacillus plantarum LP1812, a probiotic that can inhibit CRKP in vitro, was used as a candidate probiotic to investigate its efficacy for CRKP anticolonization. Compared with the control, mice fed with 1×10 8 CFU L. plantarum LP1812 exhibited significant CRKP clearance from 1×10 4 CFU/mg to less than 10 CFU/mg in mice feces. Furthermore, 16S RNA gene sequencing revealed that L. plantarum LP1812 modulated mice microbiota by increasing the relative abundance of the genus Halomanas, Blautia, and Holdemania. Further KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that fatty acid-utilizing bacteria, such as acetate-producing Bacteroidetes and Blautia flourished in mice fed with L. plantarum LP1812. Moreover, we found that the concentration of acetic acid was higher in L. plantarum LP1812, which inhibited the growth of K. pneumoniae strains in vitro. Meanwhile, mice intragastrically administered with acetic acid exhibited significantly increased CRKP elimination in vivo. In conclusion, L. plantarum LP1812 is a potential candidate for intestinal CRKP anticolonization by regulating the intestinal microbiota and inhibiting CRKP via increased acetic acid in the intestinal lumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushuang Yan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ye Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peihao Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Lan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lanxi People's Hospital, Lanxi, China
| | - Xionge Pi
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiancang Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunsong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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