1
|
Gao LP, Tian TT, Xiao K, Chen C, Zhou W, Liang DL, Cao RD, Shi Q, Dong XP. Updated global epidemiology atlas of human prion diseases. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1411489. [PMID: 38939567 PMCID: PMC11208307 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1411489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human prion disease (PrD), a group of fatal and transmissible neurodegenerative diseases, consists of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), kuru, fatal familial insomnia (FFI), Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease (GSS), and variably protease-sensitive prionopathy (VPSPr). The emergence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle and variant CJD (vCJD) has greatly threatened public health, both in humans and animals. Since the 1990's, dozens of countries and territories have conducted PrD surveillance programs. Methods In this study, the case numbers and alternative trends of different types of PrD globally and in various countries or territories from 1993 to 2020 were collected and analyzed based on the data from the websites of the international and national PrD surveillance programs, as well as from relevant publications. Results The total numbers of the reported PrD and sporadic CJD (sCJD) cases in 34 countries with accessible annual case numbers were 27,872 and 24,623, respectively. The top seven countries in PrD cases were the USA (n = 5,156), France (n = 3,276), Germany (n = 3,212), Italy (n = 2,995), China (n = 2,662), the UK (n = 2,521), Spain (n = 1,657), and Canada (n = 1,311). The annual PrD case numbers and mortalities, either globally or in the countries, showed an increased trend in the past 27 years. Genetic PrD cases accounted for 10.83% of all reported PrD cases; however, the trend varied largely among the different countries and territories. There have been 485 iatrogenic CJD (iCJD) cases and 232 vCJD cases reported worldwide. Discussion The majority of the countries with PrD surveillance programs were high- and upper-middle-income countries. However, most low- and lower-middle-income countries in the world did not conduct PrD surveillance or even report PrD cases, indicating that the number of human PrD cases worldwide is markedly undervalued. Active international PrD surveillance for both humans and animals is still vital to eliminate the threat of prion disease from a public health perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Gao
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ting-Ting Tian
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Cao Chen
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Lin Liang
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Run-Dong Cao
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Shi
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Dong
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosafety, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jia XX, Hu C, Chen C, Gao LP, Liang DL, Zhou W, Cao RD, Xiao K, Shi Q, Dong XP. Different reactive profiles of calmodulin in the CSF samples of Chinese patients of four types of genetic prion diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1341886. [PMID: 38390431 PMCID: PMC10881788 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1341886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Calmodulin (CaM) levels exhibit significant elevation in the brain tissue of rodent and cell line models infected with prion, as well as in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients diagnosed with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD). However, the status of CSF CaM in patients with genetic prion diseases (gPrDs) remains unclear. This study aims to assess the characteristics of CSF CaM in Chinese patients presenting four subtypes of gPrDs. Methods A total of 103 CSF samples from patients diagnosed with T188K-gCJD, E200K-gCJD, D178N-FFI, P102L-GSS were included in this study, along with 40 CSF samples from patients with non-prion diseases (non-PrDs). The presence of CSF CaM and 14-3-3 proteins was assessed using Western blots analysis, while levels of CSF 14-3-3 and total tau were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Statistical methods including multivariate logistic regression were employed to evaluate the association between CSF CaM positivity and relevant clinical, laboratory, and genetic factors. Results The positive rates of CSF CaM were significantly higher in cases of T188K-gCJD (77.1%), E200K-gCJD (86.0%), and P102-GSS (90.9%) compared to non-PrD cases (22.5%). In contrast, CSF CaM positivity was slightly elevated in D178N-FFI (34.3%). CSF CaM positivity was remarkably high in patients who tested positive for CSF 14-3-3 by Western blot and exhibited high levels of total tau (≥1400 pg/ml) as measures by ELISA. Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed a significant association between CSF CaM positivity and specific mutations in PRNP, as well as with CSF 14-3-3 positivity. Furthermore, the diagnostic performance of CaM surpassed that of 14-3-3 and tau when analyzing CSF samples from T188K-gCJD and E200K-gCJD patients. Conclusion Western blot analysis reveals significant variations in the positivity of CSF CaM among the four genotypes of gPrD cases, demonstrating a positive correlation with 14-3-3 positivity and elevated tau levels in CSF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xi Jia
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Hu
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cao Chen
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Ping Gao
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Lin Liang
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Run-Dong Cao
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Shi
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Dong
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosafety, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Denouel A, Brandel JP, Peckeu-Abboud L, Seilhean D, Bouaziz-Amar E, Quadrio I, Oudart JB, Lehmann S, Bellecave P, Laplanche JL, Haik S. Prospective 25-year surveillance of prion diseases in France, 1992 to 2016: a slow waning of epidemics and an increase in observed sporadic forms. Euro Surveill 2023; 28:2300101. [PMID: 38099349 PMCID: PMC10831413 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2023.28.50.2300101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundPrion diseases are rare, fatal disorders that have repeatedly raised public health concerns since the early 1990s. An active prion disease surveillance network providing national level data was implemented in France in 1992.AimWe aimed to describe the epidemiology of sporadic, genetic and infectious forms of prion diseases in France since surveillance implementation.MethodsWe included all suspected cases notified from January 1992 to December 2016, and cases who died during the period with a definite or probable prion disease diagnosis according to EuroCJD criteria. Demographic, clinical, genetic, neuropathological and biochemical data were collected.ResultsIn total, 25,676 suspected cases were notified and 2,907 were diagnosed as prion diseases, including 2,510 (86%) with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD), 240 (8%) genetic and 157 (6%) with infectious prion disease. Suspected cases and sCJD cases increased over time. Younger sCJD patients (≤ 50 years) showed phenotypes related to a distinct molecular subtype distribution vs those above 50 years. Compared to other European countries, France has had a higher number of cases with iatrogenic CJD after growth hormone treatment and variant CJD (vCJD) linked to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (second after the United Kingdom), but numbers slowly decreased over time.ConclusionWe observed a decrease of CJD infectious forms, demonstrating the effectiveness of measures to limit human exposure to exogenous prions. However, active surveillance is needed regarding uncertainties about future occurrences of vCJD, possible zoonotic potential of chronic wasting diseases in cervids and increasing trends of sCJD observed in France and other countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angéline Denouel
- Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau, ICM), INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Brandel
- Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau, ICM), INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Cellule nationale de référence des Maladies de Creutzfeldt-Jakob, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Laurène Peckeu-Abboud
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Immunology Unit, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Danielle Seilhean
- Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau, ICM), INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Bouaziz-Amar
- Département de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpitaux Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR 1144, 'Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie', Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Quadrio
- Neurochemistry and Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lyon University Hospital, Bron, France
- CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, University of Lyon 1, BioRan, Lyon, Paris
| | - Jean-Baptiste Oudart
- CHU Reims, Pôle de Biologie, Service de Biochimie - Pharmacologie - Toxicologie, Reims, France
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR CAP-Santé (FED 4231), Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Reims, France
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire - MEDyC, Reims, France
| | - Sylvain Lehmann
- Université de Montpellier, IRMB, INM, INSERM, CHU de Montpellier, Laboratoire Biochimie-Protéomique clinique, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Jean-Louis Laplanche
- Département de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpitaux Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR 1144, 'Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie', Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Haik
- Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau, ICM), INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Cellule nationale de référence des Maladies de Creutzfeldt-Jakob, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liang DL, Shi Q, Xiao K, Ruhan A, Zhou W, Dong XP. Two Chinese patients of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease with a S97N mutation in PRNP gene. Prion 2023; 17:141-144. [PMID: 37962387 PMCID: PMC10898810 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2023.2276921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, 10-15% human prion disease are genetic and inherited, due to the special mutations or insertions in PRNP gene. Herein, we reported two Chinese patients with rapidly progressive dementia who were referred to the national Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (CJD) surveillance as suspected CJD. Those two patients displayed sporadic CJD (sCJD)-like clinical phenotype, e.g. rapidly progressive dementia, visional and mental problems, sCJD-associated abnormalities in MRI. A missense mutation was identified in one PRNP allele of these two patients, resulting in a change from serine to asparagine at codon 97 (S97N). RT-QuIC of the cerebrospinal fluid samples from those two cases were positive. It indicates that they are very likely to be prion disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Lin Liang
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Shi
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ruhan A
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Dong
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosafety, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Navale GR, Chauhan R, Saini S, Roy P, Ghosh K. Effect of cycloastragenol and punicalagin on Prp(106-126) and Aβ(25-35) oligomerization and fibrillizaton. Biophys Chem 2023; 302:107108. [PMID: 37734278 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2023.107108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Numerous neurological disorders, including prion, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's disease (AD), are identified as being caused by alterations in protein conformation, aggregation, and metal ion dyshomeostasis. Recent years have seen a significant increase in the exploration and study of natural products (NPs) from plant and microbial sources for their therapeutic potential against several diseases, including cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we have examined the effect of two NPs, cycloastragenol (CAG) and punicalagin (PCG), on the metal-induced oligomerization and aggregation of Aβ25-35 and PrP106-126 peptides. The peptide aggregation and inhibitory properties of both NPs were examined by the thioflavin-T (ThT) assay, MALDI-TOF, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Among the two NPs, PCG significantly binds to the peptides, chelates metal ions (Cu2+ and Zn2+), inhibits peptide aggregation, substantially reduces oxidative stress, and controls the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Both NPs exhibited low cytotoxicity and prominently mitigated peptide-mediated cell cytotoxicity in hippocampal neuronal HT-22 cells by covalent bonding and hydrophobic interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Govinda R Navale
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Rahul Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Saakshi Saini
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Partha Roy
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Kaushik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India; Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu YZ, Gao LP, Chen DD, Liang DL, Chen J, Xiao K, Hu C, Chen C, Shi Q, Dong XP. Spontaneous prion disease in homozygous and heterozygous transgenic mouse models of T188K genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 131:156-169. [PMID: 37660403 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with T188K mutation (T188K gCJD) is the most frequent genetic prion disease in China. To explore the penetration of T188K mutation and the pathogenesis of T188K gCJD, we constructed 2 lines of transgenic mouse models: homozygous Tg188K+/+ mice containing T188K mutation in 2 alleles of human PRNP background and heterozygous Tg188K+/- mice containing 1 allele of T188K human PRNP and 1 allele of the wild-type mouse PRNP. Spontaneous neurological illnesses were identified in all Tg188K mice at their old ages (750-800 days old). About half of the Tg188K mice died prior to the final observation (930 days old). Extensive spongiosis, PrPSc deposit, and reactive gliosis of astrocytes and microglia are neuropathologically identified, showing time-dependent exacerbation. Proteinase K-resistant PrP was detected in the brain, muscle, and intestine tissues, and positive real-time quaking-induced conversion reactions were elicited by the brain and muscle tissues of Tg188K mice. Those data verify that the constructed Tg188K mice highly mimic the clinicopathology of human T188K gCJD, strongly indicating the pathogenicity of T188K mutated PrP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Zhang Wu
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ping Gao
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Dong Chen
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Lin Liang
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Chen
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Hu
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Cao Chen
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Shi
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiao-Ping Dong
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosafety, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shi Q, Xiao K, Gao L, Wu Y, Zhou W, Liang D, Chen C, Dong X. Geographic Diversity in the Incidence of Human Prion Diseases - China, 2006-2019. China CDC Wkly 2023; 5:958-965. [PMID: 38025513 PMCID: PMC10652079 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2023.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human prion diseases (PrDs) are rare, fatal encephalopathies requiring comprehensive diagnostic analysis. This study examines hospital referral patterns to the Chinese National Surveillance for Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CNS-CJD) from 2006 to 2019. Methods We assessed 1,970 PrD cases referred by various hospitals to CNS-CJD. Referral distributions were analyzed based on provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs). Differences in referral numbers and confirmed cases between monitored and non-monitored PLADs were statistically evaluated. Results The study included cases from 344 hospitals across 29 Chinese PLADs. Hospital referrals increased over the surveillance years: from 28.2 hospitals annually during 2006-2010, to 64 in 2011-2015, and 107 in 2016-2019. Of these, 12.2% (42/344) of hospitals reported ≥10 PrD cases, accounting for 70.0% (1,379/1,970) of total cases. Referral numbers varied across PLADs, with the top 5 of Beijing (41), Henan (26), Shanghai (21), Guangdong (21), and Jiangsu (21) leading. Additionally, 12 CJD-surveillance PLADs had more referring hospitals and PrD cases than the other 17 non-surveillance PLADs. Conclusions Geographical variations in PrD recognition exist across Chinese PLADs, with certain regions and major cities reporting notably higher case numbers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shi
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Gao
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuezhang Wu
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Donglin Liang
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Cao Chen
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Dong
- National Key-Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Regmi D, Shen F, Stanic A, Islam M, Du D. Effect of phospholipid liposomes on prion fragment (106-128) amyloid formation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184199. [PMID: 37454869 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2023.184199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Misfolding and aggregation of cellular prion protein (PrPc) is a major molecular process involved in the pathogenesis of prion diseases. Here, we studied the aggregation properties of a prion fragment peptide PrP(106-128). The results show that the peptide aggregates in a concentration-dependent manner in an aqueous solution and that the aggregation is sensitive to pH and the preformed amyloid seeds. Furthermore, we show that the zwitterionic POPC liposomes moderately inhibit the aggregation of PrP(106-128), whereas POPC/cholesterol (8:2) vesicles facilitate peptide aggregation likely due to the increase of the lipid packing order and membrane rigidity in the presence of cholesterol. In addition, anionic lipid vesicles of POPG and POPG/cholesterol above a certain concentration accelerate the aggregation of the peptide remarkably. The strong electrostatic interactions between the N-terminal region of the peptide and POPG may constrain the conformational plasticity of the peptide, preventing insertion of the peptide into the inner side of the membrane and thus promoting fibrillation on the membrane surface. The results suggest that the charge properties of the membrane, the composition of the liposomes, and the rigidity of lipid packing are critical in determining peptide adsorption on the membrane surface and the efficiency of the membrane in catalyzing peptide oligomeric nucleation and amyloid formation. The peptide could be used as an improved model molecule to investigate the mechanistic role of the crucial regions of PrP in aggregation in a membrane-rich environment and to screen effective inhibitors to block key interactions between these regions and membranes for preventing PrP aggregation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Regmi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Fengyun Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Aleksander Stanic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Majedul Islam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Deguo Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fan Q, Xiao K, A R, Gao LP, Wu YZ, Chen DD, Hu C, Jia XX, Liu CM, Liu X, Chen C, Shi Q, Dong XP. Accumulation of Prion Triggers the Enhanced Glycolysis via Activation of AMKP Pathway in Prion-Infected Rodent and Cell Models. Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03621-3. [PMID: 37726499 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03621-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the hallmarks in the pathophysiology of prion disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. Various metabolic dysfunctions are identified and considered to contribute to the progression of some types of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we evaluated the status of glycolysis pathway in prion-infected rodent and cell models. The levels of the key enzymes, hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), and pyruvate kinase (PK) were significantly increased, accompanying with markedly downregulated mitochondrial complexes. Double-stained IFAs revealed that the increased HK2 and PFK distributed widely in GFAP-, Iba1-, and NeuN-positive cells. We also identified increased levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the downstream signaling. Changes of AMPK activity in prion-infected cells by the AMPK-specific inhibitor or activator induced the corresponding alterations not only in the downstream signaling, but also the expressions of three key kinases in glycolysis pathway and the mitochondrial complexes. Transient removal or complete clearance of prion propagation in the prion-infected cells partially but significantly reversed the increases of the key enzymes in glycolysis, the upregulation of AMPK signaling pathway, and the decreases of the mitochondrial complexes. Measurements of the cellular oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) showed lower OCR and higher ECAR in prion-infected cell line, which were sufficiently reversed by clearance of prion propagation. Those data indicate a metabolic reprogramming from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis in the brains during the progression of prion disease. Accumulation of PrPSc is critical for the switch to glycolysis, largely via activating AMPK pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Ruhan A
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ping Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Zhang Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Dong Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Xi Jia
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chu-Mou Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Cao Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiao-Ping Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosafety, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gielnik M, Szymańska A, Dong X, Jarvet J, Svedružić ŽM, Gräslund A, Kozak M, Wärmländer SKTS. Prion Protein Octarepeat Domain Forms Transient β-Sheet Structures upon Residue-Specific Binding to Cu(II) and Zn(II) Ions. Biochemistry 2023. [PMID: 37163663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Misfolding of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) is associated with the development of fatal neurodegenerative diseases called transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). Metal ions appear to play a crucial role in PrPC misfolding. PrPC is a combined Cu(II) and Zn(II) metal-binding protein, where the main metal-binding site is located in the octarepeat (OR) region. Thus, the biological function of PrPC may involve the transport of divalent metal ions across membranes or buffering concentrations of divalent metal ions in the synaptic cleft. Recent studies have shown that an excess of Cu(II) ions can result in PrPC instability, oligomerization, and/or neuroinflammation. Here, we have used biophysical methods to characterize Cu(II) and Zn(II) binding to the isolated OR region of PrPC. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy data suggest that the OR domain binds up to four Cu(II) ions or two Zn(II) ions. Binding of the first metal ion results in a structural transition from the polyproline II helix to the β-turn structure, while the binding of additional metal ions induces the formation of β-sheet structures. Fluorescence spectroscopy data indicate that the OR region can bind both Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions at neutral pH, but under acidic conditions, it binds only Cu(II) ions. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that binding of either metal ion to the OR region results in the formation of β-hairpin structures. As the formation of β-sheet structures can be a first step toward amyloid formation, we propose that high concentrations of either Cu(II) or Zn(II) ions may have a pro-amyloid effect in TSE diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Gielnik
- Department of Macromolecular Physics, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, PL 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Aneta Szymańska
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University, PL 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Xiaolin Dong
- Chemistry Section, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jüri Jarvet
- Chemistry Section, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- The National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Željko M Svedružić
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, HR 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Astrid Gräslund
- Chemistry Section, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maciej Kozak
- Department of Macromolecular Physics, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, PL 61-614 Poznań, Poland
- National Synchrotron Radiation Centre SOLARIS, Jagiellonian University, PL 30-392 Kraków, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tam J, Centola J, Kurudzhu H, Watson N, MacKenzie J, Leitch M, Hughes T, Green A, Summers D, Barria M, Smith C, Pal S. Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in the young (50 and below): 10-year review of United Kingdom surveillance. J Neurol 2023; 270:1036-1046. [PMID: 36334135 PMCID: PMC9886636 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11467-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (sCJD) is the commonest human prion disease, with a median age of onset of 68 years. We characterise the clinical, investigation, and neuropathological features in young individuals with sCJD using data from UK national CJD surveillance. METHODS Referrals between 2011 and 2021 were examined, with definite (post-mortem confirmed) or probable sCJD cases included. Clinical features, MRI, EEG, CSF RT-QuIC, 14-3-3, PRNP sequencing and neuropathological findings were examined. We compared younger (≤ 50 years age of onset) with older individuals. Records of Non-sCJD referrals were also reviewed. RESULTS 46 (4%) young individuals were identified (age at onset 25-50) from 1178 cases. 15 (33%) were autopsy confirmed. Psychiatric disturbance (37% vs 22%, p = 0.02) and headache (11% vs 3%, p = 0.01) at presentation, and longer disease duration (by 1.45 months, 95% CI 0.43-2.79, logrank p = 0.007) were commoner. CSF RT-QuIC showed lower sensitivity (82% vs 93%, p = 0.02). There was no difference in sensitivity of MR brain or CSF 14-3-3. There were no significant co-pathologies in autopsy-confirmed cases. For non-sCJD referrals, 41 cases were of other CJD subtypes, and 7 non-prion diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS Young-onset sCJD is more likely to present with neuropsychiatric symptoms and headache, longer disease duration, and lower sensitivity of RT-QuIC. These findings may be driven by the underlying molecular subtypes. Our results guide the evaluation of younger individuals presenting with rapidly progressive cognitive, neuropsychiatric, and motor decline, and emphasise the need for additional vigilance for atypical features by clinicians and CJD surveillance programmes worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Tam
- National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit (NCJDRSU), Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - John Centola
- National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit (NCJDRSU), Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Hatice Kurudzhu
- National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit (NCJDRSU), Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Neil Watson
- National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit (NCJDRSU), Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Janet MacKenzie
- National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit (NCJDRSU), Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Margaret Leitch
- National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit (NCJDRSU), Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Terri Hughes
- National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit (NCJDRSU), Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Alison Green
- National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit (NCJDRSU), Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - David Summers
- National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit (NCJDRSU), Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Marcelo Barria
- National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit (NCJDRSU), Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Colin Smith
- National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit (NCJDRSU), Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Suvankar Pal
- National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit (NCJDRSU), Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellor's Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Matsubayashi T, Sanjo N. Systematic Review of Clinical and Pathophysiological Features of Genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Caused by a Val-to-Ile Mutation at Codon 180 in the Prion Protein Gene. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15172. [PMID: 36499498 PMCID: PMC9737045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (gCJD) is a subtype of genetic prion diseases (gPrDs) caused by the accumulation of mutated pathological prion proteins (PrPSc). gCJD has a phenotypic similarity with sporadic CJD (sCJD). In Japan, gCJD with a Val to Ile substitution at codon 180 (V180I-gCJD) is the most frequent gPrD, while the mutation is extremely rare in countries other than Japan and Korea. In this article, we aim to review previously elucidated clinical and biochemical features of V180I-gCJD, expecting to advance the understanding of this unique subtype in gCJD. Compared to classical sCJD, specific clinical features of V180I-gCJD include older age at onset, a relatively slow progression of dementia, and a lower positivity for developing myoclonus, cerebellar, pyramidal signs, and visual disturbance. Diffuse edematous ribboning hyperintensity of the cerebral cortex, without occipital lobes in diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, is also specific. Laboratory data reveal the low positivity of PrPSc in the cerebrospinal fluid and periodic sharp wave complexes on an electroencephalogram. Most patients with V180I-gCJD have been reported to have no family history, probably due to the older age at onset, and clinical and biochemical features indicate the specific phenotype associated with the prion protein gene mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nobuo Sanjo
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-5-45 Yushima Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Essential Components of Synthetic Infectious Prion Formation De Novo. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12111694. [DOI: 10.3390/biom12111694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are a class of neurodegenerative diseases that are uniquely infectious. Whilst their general replication mechanism is well understood, the components required for the formation and propagation of highly infectious prions are poorly characterized. The protein-only hypothesis posits that the prion protein (PrP) is the only component of the prion; however, additional co-factors are required for its assembly into infectious prions. These can be provided by brain homogenate, but synthetic lipids and non-coding RNA have also been used in vitro. Here, we review a range of experimental approaches, which generate PrP amyloid assemblies de novo. These synthetic PrP assemblies share some, but not necessarily all, properties of genuine infectious prions. We will discuss the different experimental approaches, how a prion is defined, the non-protein requirements of a prion, and provide an overview of the current state of prion amplification and generation in vitro.
Collapse
|
14
|
Staderini M, Vanni S, Baldeschi AC, Giachin G, Zattoni M, Celauro L, Ferracin C, Bistaffa E, Moda F, Pérez DI, Martínez A, Martín MA, Martín-Cámara O, Cores Á, Bianchini G, Kammerer R, Menéndez JC, Legname G, Bolognesi ML. Bifunctional carbazole derivatives for simultaneous therapy and fluorescence imaging in prion disease murine cell models. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 245:114923. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
15
|
Xia Y, Chen C, Chen J, Hu C, Yang W, Wang L, Liu L, Gao LP, Wu YZ, Chen DD, Shi Q, Chen ZB, Dong XP. Enhanced M-CSF/CSF1R Signaling Closely Associates with PrP Sc Accumulation in the Scrapie-Infected Cell Line and the Brains of Scrapie-Infected Experimental Rodents. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6534-6551. [PMID: 35970974 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02989-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Activation and proliferation of microglia are one of the hallmarks of prion disease and is usually accompanied by increased levels of various cytokines and chemokines. Our previous study demonstrated that the level of brain macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) was abnormally elevated during prion infection, but its association with PrPSc is not completely clear. In this study, colocalization of the increased M-CSF with accumulated PrPSc was observed by IHC with serial brain sections. Reliable molecular interaction between total PrP and M-CSF was observed in the brain of 263 K-infected hamsters and in cultured prion-infected cell line. Immunofluorescent assays showed that morphological colocalization of M-CSF with neurons and microglia, but not with astrocytes in brains of scrapie-infected animals. The transcriptional and expressing levels of CSF1R were also significantly increased in prion-infected cell line and mice, and colocalization of CSF1R with neurons and microglia was observed in the brains of prion-infected mouse models. Removal of PrPSc replication by resveratrol in SMB-S15 cells induced limited reductions of cellular levels of M-CSF and CSF1R. In addition, we found that the level of IL-34, another ligand of CSF1R, did not change significantly after prion infection, but its distribution on the cell types in the brains shifted from neurons in healthy mice to the proliferated astrocytes and microglia in scrapie-infected mice. Our data demonstrate activation of M-CSF/IL-34/CSF1R signaling in the microenvironment of prion infection, strongly indicating its vital role in the pathophysiology of prions. It provides solid scientific evidence for the therapeutic potential of inhibiting M-CSF/CSF1R signaling in prion diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Cao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Lian Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ping Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Zhang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Dong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Bao Chen
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.
| | - Xiao-Ping Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosafety, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ma J, Zhang J, Yan R. Recombinant Mammalian Prions: The “Correctly” Misfolded Prion Protein Conformers. Viruses 2022; 14:v14091940. [PMID: 36146746 PMCID: PMC9504972 DOI: 10.3390/v14091940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Generating a prion with exogenously produced recombinant prion protein is widely accepted as the ultimate proof of the prion hypothesis. Over the years, a plethora of misfolded recPrP conformers have been generated, but despite their seeding capability, many of them have failed to elicit a fatal neurodegenerative disorder in wild-type animals like a naturally occurring prion. The application of the protein misfolding cyclic amplification technique and the inclusion of non-protein cofactors in the reaction mixture have led to the generation of authentic recombinant prions that fully recapitulate the characteristics of native prions. Together, these studies reveal that recPrP can stably exist in a variety of misfolded conformations and when inoculated into wild-type animals, misfolded recPrP conformers cause a wide range of outcomes, from being completely innocuous to lethal. Since all these recPrP conformers possess seeding capabilities, these results clearly suggest that seeding activity alone is not equivalent to prion activity. Instead, authentic prions are those PrP conformers that are not only heritable (the ability to seed the conversion of normal PrP) but also pathogenic (the ability to cause fatal neurodegeneration). The knowledge gained from the studies of the recombinant prion is important for us to understand the pathogenesis of prion disease and the roles of misfolded proteins in other neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
|
17
|
Srichawla BS. Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease With Status Epilepticus: Molecular Mechanisms and a Scoping Review of the Literature. Cureus 2022; 14:e28649. [PMID: 36196307 PMCID: PMC9525048 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rapidly progressing neurodegenerative disorder and is a spongiform encephalopathy. A 59-year-old male presented with subacute-onset worsening encephalopathy and was found to be in non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) requiring intubation and a midazolam infusion for refractory seizures. Electroencephalogram (EEG) revealed triphasic repeats with focal epileptogenic originating from the left parietal region. The patient continued to have up to 25-40 non-convulsive seizures per day. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed elevated 14-3-3 and tau protein. A real-time quaking-induced conversion assay in CSF was positive. The patient was diagnosed with probable sporadic CJD based on criteria from the Centers for Disease Control. Supportive treatment was provided. Cellular prion protein (PrPC) plays an important role in myelination of the peripheral nervous system, regulation of the neuronal membrane, and circadian rhythm. The molecular mechanisms of CJD involve the catalyzation of the physiological PrPC into the pathological prion protein (PrPSc). This post-translational change in conformation leads to the generation of PrPSc and is involved in spongiform encephalopathies. Mechanisms of neurodegeneration include astrocytosis, neuronal apoptosis, and amyloid plaque formation. A scoping literature review was conducted in three databases on cases of CJD with SE. A total of 13 cases are identified that include the type of CJD and the morphology of the seizures. NCSE is the most prevalent form of SE in patients with CJD.
Collapse
|
18
|
Xiao K, Shi Q, Chen C, Zhou W, Gao C, Gao L, Han J, Wang J, Dong X. Establishment of a Special Platform for the Research of Prion and the Diagnosis of Human Prion Disease - China's Studies. China CDC Wkly 2022; 4:729-734. [PMID: 36285113 PMCID: PMC9547738 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2022.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The studies of prions and prion disease usually need many special platforms and techniques that differ from those for classical microbes. Search of new biomarkers and establishment of new methods for the diagnosis of human prion diseases are priorities in the field of prion study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Han
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jichun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China,Division of Science and Technology, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China,Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosafety, Shanghai Municipality, China,Dong Xiaoping,
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Shi Q, Chen C, Xiao K, Zhou W, Gao C, Gao L, Han J, Wang J, Dong X. Characteristics of Different Types of Prion Diseases - China's Surveillance. China CDC Wkly 2022; 4:723-728. [PMID: 36285115 PMCID: PMC9547742 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2022.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
This report briefly described the establishment and implementation of national surveillance for human prion disease (PrD) in China. Reported cases came from Chinese surveillance network for PrD. Immunohistochemistry, Western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) tests were used for the samples of brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and blood. Diagnosis standard for the PrDs is based on the National Commission of Health (WS/T 562-2017). The study summarized major epidemiological, clinical and laboratory features of more than 2,100 diagnosed different types of Chinese PrD cases. Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (sCJD) is the predominant type of PrD (88.7%). 19 different genotypes of genetic PrDs (gPrDs) were identified, accounting for about 11.3% of all PrDs, revealing ethno-relationships. No iatrogenic CJD (iCJD) and variant CJD (vCJD) was identified. The characteristics of different types of sCJD in China showed similar features as those reported globally, but gPrDs showed an obvious ethno-relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Han
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jichun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China,Division of Science and Technology, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China,Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosafety, Shanghai Municipality, China,Xiaoping Dong,
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dong X. Revealing the Mysterious Veil of Prion Diseases Under the Framework of China CDC. China CDC Wkly 2022; 4:721-722. [PMID: 36285111 PMCID: PMC9547739 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2022.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosafety, Shanghai Municipality, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mustafa G, Zia-ur-Rehman M, Sumrra SH, Ashfaq M, Zafar W, Ashfaq M. A critical review on recent trends on pharmacological applications of pyrazolone endowed derivatives. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
22
|
Sobregrau P, Peri JM, Sánchez del Valle R, Molinuevo JL, Barra B, Pintor L. Psychiatric and Psychosocial Characteristics of a Cohort of Spanish Individuals Attending Genetic Counseling Due to Risk for Genetically Conditioned Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2022; 6:461-478. [PMID: 36186729 PMCID: PMC9484134 DOI: 10.3233/adr-210067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Predictive genetic tests are presently effective over several medical conditions, increasing the demand among patients and healthy individuals. Considering the psychological burden suspected familial dementia may carry on individuals, assessing personality, coping strategies, and mental health could aid clinicians in findings the appropriate time for delivering genetic test results and predict compliance regarding genetic counseling and expectations towards the genetic condition depending on the outcome. Objective: To describe the psychiatric, psychological, and coping characteristics of a sample of Spanish individuals at risk of familial dementia before genetic test results were given. Methods: We included 54 first degree relatives of patients diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease, lobar frontotemporal degeneration, or prion diseases. The NEO-FFI-R, COPE, and HADS tests evaluated personality, coping strategies, and psychological distress, respectively. Results: Anxiety and depression were below the cut-off point for mild severity. Conscientiousness and Agreeableness were the most preponderant personality factors, while Neuroticism was the least. Positive reinterpretation and Acceptance were the most frequent coping strategies, and Denial and Alcohol and drug use were the least used. Ongoing medical pathologies increased depression, while psychiatric disorders worsened psychological distress. Conclusion: Contrary to our expectations, PICOGEN candidates showed psychological distress and personality traits within normative ranges, and the use of problem-focused coping strategies prevailed over avoidance coping strategies. Nevertheless, clinicians should pay particular attention to individuals attending genetic counseling who are women, aged, and present an ongoing psychiatric disorder and psychiatric history at inclusion to ensure their mental health and adherence throughout the process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pau Sobregrau
- Psychiatry Department, Clinical Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychology Faculty, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M. Peri
- Psychiatry Department, Clinical Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Sánchez del Valle
- Neurology Department, Clinical Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Bernardo Barra
- Clínica Universidad de Los Andes, Servicio de Salud Mental, Santiago, Chile
- Psychiatric Department, School of Medicine, Andrés Bello University, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luís Pintor
- Psychiatry Department, Clinical Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychology Faculty, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chu M, Chen Z, Nie B, Liu L, Xie K, Cui Y, Chen K, Rosa-Neto P, Wu L. A longitudinal 18F-FDG PET/MRI study in asymptomatic stage of genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease linked to G114V mutation. J Neurol 2022; 269:6094-6103. [PMID: 35864212 PMCID: PMC9553814 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogenic prion protein may start to deposit in some brain regions and cause functional alterations in the asymptomatic stage in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. The study aims to determine the trajectory of the brain metabolic changes for prion protein diseases at the preclinical stage. METHODS At baseline, we enrolled five asymptomatic PRNP G114V mutation carriers, six affected genetic PRNP E200K CJD patients and 23 normal controls. All participants completed clinical, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and 18F fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET) examinations. Longitudinal follow-up was completed in five asymptomatic mutation carriers. We set three-time points to identify the changing trajectory in the asymptomatic carriers group including baseline, 2-year and 4-year follow-up. RESULTS At baseline, DWI signals, the cerebral glucose standardized uptake value rate ratio (SUVR) and clinical status in 5 asymptomatic cases were normal. At the follow-up period, mild hypometabolism on PET images was found in asymptomatic carriers without any DWI abnormal signal. Further group quantitatively analysis showed hypometabolic brain regions in the asymptomatic genetic CJD group were in the insula, frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes in 4-year follow-up. The SUVR changing trajectories of all asymptomatic cases were within the range between the normal controls and affected patients. Notably, the SUVR of one asymptomatic individual whose baseline age was older showed a rapid decline at the last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Our study illustrates that the neurodegenerative process associated with genetic CJD may initiate before the clinical presentation of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Chu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Changchun Street 45, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Zhongyun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Changchun Street 45, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Binbin Nie
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Changchun Street 45, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Kexin Xie
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Changchun Street 45, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yue Cui
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Changchun Street 45, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Kewei Chen
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, Arizona State University, Phoenix, USA
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, Montreal, H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Liyong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Changchun Street 45, Beijing, 100053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ye H, Chu M, Chen Z, Xie K, Liu L, Nan H, Cui Y, Zhang J, Wang L, Li J, Wu L. Thalamic-insomnia phenotype in E200K Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: A PET/MRI study. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 35:103086. [PMID: 35738080 PMCID: PMC9233268 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
gCJD with PRNP E200K mutations frequently manifested as a thalamic-insomnia phenotype. Some features of the E200K phenotype are somewhere in between typical CJD and FFI. PET is a sensitive approach to help identify the functional changes in prion disease.
Background Insomnia and thalamic involvement were frequently reported in patients with genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (gCJD) with E200K mutations, suggesting E200K might have discrepancy with typical sporadic CJD (sCJD). The study aimed to explore the clinical and neuroimage characteristics of genetic E200K CJD patients by comprehensive neuroimage analysis. Methods Six patients with gCJD carried E200K mutation on Prion Protein (PRNP) gene, 13 patients with sporadic CJD, and 22 age- and sex-matched normal controls were enrolled in the study. All participants completed a hybrid positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) examination. Signal intensity on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and metabolism on PET were visually rating analyzed, statistical parameter mapping analysis was performed on PET and 3D-T1 images. Clinical and imaging characteristics were compared between the E200K, sCJD, and control groups. Results There was no group difference in age or gender among the E200K, sCJD, and control groups. Insomnia was a primary complaint in patients with E200K gCJD (4/2 versus 1/12, p = 0.007). Hyperintensity on DWI and hypometabolism on PET of the thalamus were observed during visual rating analysis of images in patients with E200K gCJD. Gray matter atrophy (uncorrected p < 0.001) and hypometabolism (uncorrected p < 0.001) of the thalamus were more pronounced in patients with E200K gCJD. Conclusion The clinical and imaging characteristics of patients with gCJD with PRNP E200K mutations manifested as a thalamic-insomnia phenotype. PET is a sensitive approach to help identify the functional changes in the thalamus in prion disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ye
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Chu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongyun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kexin Xie
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haitian Nan
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Cui
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Li
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liyong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Xiao K, Pang MF, Zhao YQ, Gao LP, Wu YZ, Wang Y, Shi Q, Dong XP. Difference of geographic distributions of the Chinese patients with prion diseases in the permanent resident places and referring places. Prion 2022; 16:58-65. [PMID: 35638100 PMCID: PMC9176242 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2022.2080921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human prion diseases (PrDs) are a group of transmissible neurodegenerative diseases that can be clarified as sporadic, genetic and iatrogenic forms. In this study, we have analysed the time and geographic distributions of 2011 PrD cases diagnosed by China National Surveillance for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CNS-CJD) since 2006, including 1792 sporadic CJD (sCJD) cases and 219 gPrD cases. Apparently, the cases numbers of both sCJD and gPrD increased along with the surveillance years, showing a stepping up every five years. The geographic distributions of the PrDs cases based on the permanent residences were wide, distributing in 30 out of 31 provincial-level administrative divisions in Chinese mainland. However, the case numbers in the provincial level varied largely. The provinces in the eastern part of China had much more cases than those in the western part. Normalized the case numbers with the total population each province revealed higher incidences in six provinces. Further, the resident and referring places of all PrD cases were analysed, illustrating a clear concentrating pattern of referring in the large metropolises. Five provincial-level administrative divisions reported more PrD cases from other provinces than the local ones. Particularly, BJ reported not only more than one-fourth of all PrDs cases in Chinese mainland but also 3.64-fold more PrDs cases from other provinces than its local ones. We believed that good medical resources, well-trained programmes and knowledge of PrDs in the clinicians and the CDC staffs contributed to well-referring PrD cases in those large cities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Fan Pang
- Center for Global Public Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue-Qiao Zhao
- Center for Global Public Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Ping Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue-Zhang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, Shanghai, China.,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, Shanghai, China.,Center for Global Public Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, Shanghai, China.,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosafety, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zambrano K, Barba D, Castillo K, Robayo P, Arizaga E, Caicedo A, Gavilanes AWD. A new hope: Mitochondria, a critical factor in the war against prions. Mitochondrion 2022; 65:113-123. [PMID: 35623560 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prion diseases encompass a group of incurable neurodegenerative disorders that occur due to the misfolding and aggregation of infectious proteins. The most well-known prion diseases are Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), bovine spongiform encephalopathy (also known as mad cow disease), and kuru. It is estimated that around 1-2 persons per million worldwide are affected annually by prion disorders. Infectious prion proteins propagate in the brain, clustering in the cells and rapidly inducing tissue degeneration and death. Prion disease alters cell metabolism and energy production damaging mitochondrial function and dynamics leading to a fast accumulation of damage. Dysfunction of mitochondria could be considered as an early precursor and central element in the pathogenesis of prion diseases such as in sporadic CJD. Preserving mitochondria function may help to resist the rapid spread and damage of prion proteins and even clearance. In the war against prions and other degenerative diseases, studying how to preserve the function of mitochondria by using antioxidants and even replacing them with artificial mitochondrial transfer/transplant (AMT/T) may bring a new hope and lead to an increase in patients' survival. In this perspective review, we provide key insights about the relationship between the progression of prion disease and mitochondria, in which understanding how protecting mitochondria function and viability by using antioxidants or AMT/T may help to develop novel therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Zambrano
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Diego Barba
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Karina Castillo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Paola Robayo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Eduardo Arizaga
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Andrés Caicedo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Sistemas Médicos SIME, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - Antonio W D Gavilanes
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, 17-12-841, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Arshad H, Watts JC. Genetically engineered cellular models of prion propagation. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 392:63-80. [PMID: 35581386 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03630-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
For over three decades, cultured cells have been a useful tool for dissecting the molecular details of prion replication and the identification of candidate therapeutics for prion disease. A major issue limiting the translatability of these studies has been the inability to reliably propagate disease-relevant, non-mouse strains of prions in cells relevant to prion pathogenesis. In recent years, fueled by advances in gene editing technology, it has become possible to propagate prions from hamsters, cervids, and sheep in immortalized cell lines originating from the central nervous system. In particular, the use of CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene editing to generate versions of prion-permissive cell lines that lack endogenous PrP expression has provided a blank canvas upon which re-expression of PrP leads to species-matched susceptibility to prion infection. When coupled with the ability to propagate prions in cells or organoids derived from stem cells, these next-generation cellular models should provide an ideal paradigm for identifying small molecules and other biological therapeutics capable of interfering with prion replication in animal and human prion disorders. In this review, we summarize recent advances that have widened the spectrum of prion strains that can be propagated in cultured cells and cutting-edge tissue-based models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Arshad
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Tower Rm. 4KD481, 60 Leonard Ave, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Sciences Building Rm. 5207, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Joel C Watts
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Tower Rm. 4KD481, 60 Leonard Ave, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Sciences Building Rm. 5207, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Proposal of new diagnostic criteria for fatal familial insomnia. J Neurol 2022; 269:4909-4919. [PMID: 35501502 PMCID: PMC9363306 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11135-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background The understanding of fatal familial insomnia (FFI), a rare neurodegenerative autosomal dominant prion disease, has improved in recent years as more cases were reported. This work aimed to propose new diagnostic criteria for FFI with optimal sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratio. Methods An international group of experts was established and 128 genetically confirmed FFI cases and 281 non-FFI prion disease controls are enrolled in the validation process. The new criteria were proposed based on the following steps with two-round expert consultation: (1) Validation of the 2018 FFI criteria. (2) Diagnostic item selection according to statistical analysis and expert consensus. (3) Validation of the new criteria. Results The 2018 criteria for possible FFI had a sensitivity of 90.6%, a specificity of 83.3%, with a positive likelihood ratio (PLR) of 5.43, and a negative likelihood ratio (NLR) of 0.11; and the probable FFI criteria had a sensitivity of 83.6%, specificity of 92.9%, with a PLR of 11.77, and a NLR of 0.18. The new criteria included more specific and/or common clinical features, two exclusion items, and summarized a precise and flexible diagnostic hierarchy. The new criteria for possible FFI had therefore reached a better sensitivity and specificity (92.2% and 96.1%, respectively), a PLR of 23.64 and a NLR of 0.08, whereas the probable FFI criteria showed a sensitivity of 90.6%, a specificity of 98.2%, with a PLR of 50.33 and a NLR of 0.095. Conclusions We propose new clinical diagnostic criteria for FFI, for a better refining of the clinical hallmarks of the disease that ultimately would help an early recognition of FFI and a better differentiation from other prion diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00415-022-11135-6.
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Amyloids are organized suprastructural polypeptide arrangements. The prevalence of amyloid-related processes of pathophysiological relevance has been linked to aging-related degenerative diseases. Besides the role of genetic polymorphisms on the relative risk of amyloid diseases, the contributions of nongenetic ontogenic cluster of factors remain elusive. In recent decades, mounting evidences have been suggesting the role of essential micronutrients, in particular transition metals, in the regulation of amyloidogenic processes, both directly (such as binding to amyloid proteins) or indirectly (such as regulating regulatory partners, processing enzymes, and membrane transporters). The features of transition metals as regulatory cofactors of amyloid proteins and the consequences of metal dyshomeostasis in triggering amyloidogenic processes, as well as the evidences showing amelioration of symptoms by dietary supplementation, suggest an exaptative role of metals in regulating amyloid pathways. The self- and cross-talk replicative nature of these amyloid processes along with their systemic distribution support the concept of their metastatic nature. The role of amyloidosis as nutrient sensors would act as intra- and transgenerational epigenetic metabolic programming factors determining health span and life span, viability, which could participate as an evolutive selective pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luís Maurício T R Lima
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology - pbiotech, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory for Macromolecules (LAMAC-DIMAV), National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology - INMETRO, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tháyna Sisnande
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology - pbiotech, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Khadka A, Spiers JG, Cheng L, Hill AF. Extracellular vesicles with diagnostic and therapeutic potential for prion diseases. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 392:247-267. [PMID: 35394216 PMCID: PMC10113352 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03621-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prion diseases (PrD) or transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) are invariably fatal and pathogenic neurodegenerative disorders caused by the self-propagated misfolding of cellular prion protein (PrPC) to the neurotoxic pathogenic form (PrPTSE) via a yet undefined but profoundly complex mechanism. Despite several decades of research on PrD, the basic understanding of where and how PrPC is transformed to the misfolded, aggregation-prone and pathogenic PrPTSE remains elusive. The primary clinical hallmarks of PrD include vacuolation-associated spongiform changes and PrPTSE accumulation in neural tissue together with astrogliosis. The difficulty in unravelling the disease mechanisms has been related to the rare occurrence and long incubation period (over decades) followed by a very short clinical phase (few months). Additional challenge in unravelling the disease is implicated to the unique nature of the agent, its complexity and strain diversity, resulting in the heterogeneity of the clinical manifestations and potentially diverse disease mechanisms. Recent advances in tissue isolation and processing techniques have identified novel means of intercellular communication through extracellular vesicles (EVs) that contribute to PrPTSE transmission in PrD. This review will comprehensively discuss PrPTSE transmission and neurotoxicity, focusing on the role of EVs in disease progression, biomarker discovery and potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of PrD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Khadka
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Jereme G Spiers
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Lesley Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Andrew F Hill
- Department of Biochemistry & Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia. .,Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gene-Edited Cell Models to Study Chronic Wasting Disease. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030609. [PMID: 35337016 PMCID: PMC8950194 DOI: 10.3390/v14030609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are fatal infectious neurodegenerative disorders affecting both humans and animals. They are caused by the misfolded isoform of the cellular prion protein (PrPC), PrPSc, and currently no options exist to prevent or cure prion diseases. Chronic wasting disease (CWD) in deer, elk and other cervids is considered the most contagious prion disease, with extensive shedding of infectivity into the environment. Cell culture models provide a versatile platform for convenient quantification of prions, for studying the molecular and cellular biology of prions, and for performing high-throughput screening of potential therapeutic compounds. Unfortunately, only a very limited number of cell lines are available that facilitate robust and persistent propagation of CWD prions. Gene-editing using programmable nucleases (e.g., CRISPR-Cas9 (CC9)) has proven to be a valuable tool for high precision site-specific gene modification, including gene deletion, insertion, and replacement. CC9-based gene editing was used recently for replacing the PrP gene in mouse and cell culture models, as efficient prion propagation usually requires matching sequence homology between infecting prions and prion protein in the recipient host. As expected, such gene-editing proved to be useful for developing CWD models. Several transgenic mouse models were available that propagate CWD prions effectively, however, mostly fail to reproduce CWD pathogenesis as found in the cervid host, including CWD prion shedding. This is different for the few currently available knock-in mouse models that seem to do so. In this review, we discuss the available in vitro and in vivo models of CWD, and the impact of gene-editing strategies.
Collapse
|
32
|
Murray SJ, Mitchell NL. The Translational Benefits of Sheep as Large Animal Models of Human Neurological Disorders. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:831838. [PMID: 35242840 PMCID: PMC8886239 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.831838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The past two decades have seen a considerable rise in the use of sheep to model human neurological disorders. While each animal model has its merits, sheep have many advantages over small animal models when it comes to studies on the brain. In particular, sheep have brains more comparable in size and structure to the human brain. They also have much longer life spans and are docile animals, making them useful for a wide range of in vivo studies. Sheep are amenable to regular blood and cerebrospinal fluid sampling which aids in biomarker discovery and monitoring of treatment efficacy. Several neurological diseases have been found to occur naturally in sheep, however sheep can also be genetically engineered or experimentally manipulated to recapitulate disease or injury. Many of these types of sheep models are currently being used for pre-clinical therapeutic trials, particularly gene therapy, with studies from several models culminating in potential treatments moving into clinical trials. This review will provide an overview of the benefits of using sheep to model neurological conditions, and highlight naturally occurring and experimentally induced sheep models that have demonstrated translational validity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Murray
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Nadia L Mitchell
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Canterbury, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kong Y, Chen Z, Zhang J, Wu L. Erythrocyte Indices in Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Predict Survival Time. Front Neurol 2022; 13:839081. [PMID: 35237232 PMCID: PMC8884143 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.839081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease caused by propagation of abnormally folded prion proteins (PrPSc). Some fluid biomarkers have been reported to be associated with disease duration in CJD. Based on studies which have found that prion protein (PrPC) played a role in erythrocytic hematopoiesis, we evaluated the association between peripheral red blood cell indices and survival time in CJD. Methods We retrospectively collected data on peripheral red blood cell indices, including red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and red cell distribution width (RDW), from 125 CJD patients. Cox proportional hazard models were generated to determine whether red cell indices correlated with survival time of patients with CJD. Results Of the 125 included participants, 70 (56%) were male, and the mean age at diagnosis (SD) was 60.3 (9.5) years. Hemoglobin levels (hazard ratio 1.710, 95% CI 1.124–2.600, p = 0.012) and HCT (hazard ratio 1.689, 95% CI 1.112–2.565, p=0.014) were significantly associated with survival time after controlling for sex, age, and Barthel Index. Red blood cell count, MCV, MCH, MCHC, and RDW were not associated with survival time before or after adjusting for covariates. Conclusions Our study found that Hb and HCT were significantly associated with survival time in patients with CJD. These results may inform evaluation of the mechanisms of interaction between prion disease and hematopoiesis, and indicate that Hb and HCT may be potential prognostic biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kong
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongyun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liyong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhang J, Chu M, Tian Z, Xie K, Cui Y, Liu L, Meng J, Yan H, Ji YM, Jiang Z, Xia TX, Wang D, Wang X, Zhao Y, Ye H, Li J, Wang L, Wu L. Clinical profile of fatal familial insomnia: phenotypic variation in 129 polymorphisms and geographical regions. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2022; 93:291-297. [PMID: 34667102 PMCID: PMC8862016 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2021-327247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Elucidate the core clinical and genetic characteristics and identify the phenotypic variation between different regions and genotypes of fatal familial insomnia (FFI). METHODS A worldwide large sample of FFI patients from our case series and literature review diagnosed by genetic testing were collected. The prevalence of clinical symptoms and genetic profile were obtained, and then the phenotypic comparison between Asians versus non-Asians and 129Met/Met versus 129Met/Val were conducted. RESULTS In total, 131 cases were identified. The age of onset was 47.51±12.53 (range 17-76) years, 106 patients died and disease duration was 13.20±9.04 (range 2-48) months. Insomnia (87.0%) and rapidly progressive dementia (RPD; 83.2%) occurred with the highest frequency. Hypertension (33.6%) was considered to be an objective indicator of autonomic dysfunction. Genotype frequency at codon 129 was Met/Met (84.7%) and Met/Val (15.3%), and allele frequency was Met (92.4%) and Val (7.6%).129 Met was a risk factor (OR: 3.728, 95% CI: 2.194 to 6.333, p=0.000) for FFI in the non-Asian population. Comparison of Asians and non-Asians revealed clinical symptoms and genetic background to show some differences (p<0.05). In the comparison of 129 polymorphisms, a longer disease duration was found in the 129 MV group, with alleviation of some clinical symptoms (p<0.05). After considering survival probability, significant differences in survival time between genotypes remained (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Insomnia, RPD and hypertension are representative key clinical presentations of FFI. Phenotypic variations in genotypes and geographic regions were documented. Prion protein gene 129 Met was considered to be a risk factor for FFI in the non-Asian population, and 129 polymorphisms could modify survival duration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu hospital,Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Chu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu hospital,Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - ZiChen Tian
- Department of Biology, Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota, USA
| | - KeXin Xie
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu hospital,Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Cui
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu hospital,Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu hospital,Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - JiaLi Meng
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu hospital,Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - HaiHan Yan
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu hospital,Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang-Mingyue Ji
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu hospital,Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuyi Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu hospital,Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Xinyu Xia
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu hospital,Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu hospital,Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, Shijiazhuang People's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu hospital,Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, Beijing Huairou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu hospital,Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurology, Jilin Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Ye
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu hospital,Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Li
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu hospital,Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu hospital,Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu hospital,Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Shan Y, Zhang J, Cen Y, Xu X, Tan R, Zhao J, Yu S. Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease associated with a T188K homozygous mutation in the prion protein gene: a case report and review of the literature. Prion 2022; 16:14-18. [PMID: 35130121 PMCID: PMC8824217 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2022.2031719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (gCJD) is a prion disease caused by mutations in the prion protein gene (PRNP). It has an autosomal dominant inheritance, so gCJD with homozygous mutations is extremely rare, and the influence of homozygous mutations on the gCJD phenotype is unknown. We describe the clinical and laboratory features of a patient with a PRNP T188K homozygous mutation and perform a literature review of gCJD cases with PRNP homozygous mutations. The patient was presented with cerebellum symptoms, cognitive decline and visual disturbances. Auxiliary examinations revealed restricted diffusion in magnetic resonance imaging and glucose hypometabolism on 18Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography. No periodic sharp wave complexes were detected in electroencephalography, and the cerebrospinal fluid 14-3-3 protein was negative. PRNP sequencing revealed the presence of a homozygous T188K variant. The patient died 15 months after disease onset. A literature review revealed PRNP V203I, E200K and E200D as the only three mutations reported as homozygous in gCJD. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a gCJD patient with a PRNP T188K homozygous mutation. Although the clinical manifestations of our patient were similar to those with PRNP T188K heterozygous mutations, she presented with a slightly earlier onset and had a longer survival time. This is consistent with previous observations from patients with PRNP V203I and E200K homozygous mutations. Further studies are essential to clarify the influence of homozygous mutations on the gCJD phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuheng Shan
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, Characteristic Medical Centre of People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jiatang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yuying Cen
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojiao Xu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ruishu Tan
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jiahua Zhao
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shengyuan Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tejedor-Romero L, López-Cuadrado T, Almazán-Isla J, Calero M, García López FJ, de Pedro-Cuesta J. Survival Patterns of Human Prion Diseases in Spain, 1998–2018: Clinical Phenotypes and Etiological Clues. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:773727. [PMID: 35126037 PMCID: PMC8811314 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.773727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundHuman transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are a group of fatal neurodegenerative disorders of short duration. There are few studies on TSE survival. This study sought to analyze the survival and related factors of a TSE patient cohort, based on a nationwide surveillance system in Spain.MethodsSurvival analyses were performed on 1,530 cases diagnosed across the period 1998–2018 in Spain. We calculated median survival times and plotted survival curves using the Kaplan–Meier method for all cases and for sporadic TSE (sTSE) and genetic TSE (gTSE). Crude and adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify variables associated with shorter survival.FindingsMedian age at onset decreased from the sporadic forms to gTSE and, lastly, to acquired TSE. Overall median and interquartile range (IQR) survival time was 5.2 (IQR, 3.0–11.7) months and 4.9 (IQR, 2.8–10.8) months in sporadic cases and 9 (IQR, 4.9 to over 12) months in genetic cases, p < 0.001. Male sex, older age at onset, presence of 14-3-3 protein, typical MRI, and MM and VV polymorphisms at codon 129 were associated with shorter survival. gTSE showed higher survival in crude comparisons but not after adjustment.InterpretationTSE survival in Spain replicates both the magnitude of that shown and the TSE entity-specific population patterns observed in Western countries but differs from features described in Asian populations, such as the Japanese. The reduction in differences in survival between gTSE and sTSE on adjusting for covariates and international patterns might support the view that gTSE and sTSE share causal and pathophysiological features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tejedor-Romero
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Ageing and Mental Health, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Preventive Medicine Unit, La Princesa University Teaching Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Laura Tejedor-Romero,
| | - Teresa López-Cuadrado
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Ageing and Mental Health, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Almazán-Isla
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Ageing and Mental Health, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Calero
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Unit, Fundación CIEN (Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Neurológicas), Queen Sofia Foundation Alzheimer Centre, Madrid, Spain
- Chronic Disease Programme, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando J. García López
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Ageing and Mental Health, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús de Pedro-Cuesta
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Ageing and Mental Health, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Belkozhayev AM, Al-Yozbaki M, George A, Niyazova RY, Sharipov KO, Byrne LJ, Wilson CM. Extracellular Vesicles, Stem Cells and the Role of miRNAs in Neurodegeneration. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1450-1478. [PMID: 34414870 PMCID: PMC9881087 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210817150141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There are different modalities of intercellular communication governed by cellular homeostasis. In this review, we will explore one of these forms of communication called extracellular vesicles (EVs). These vesicles are released by all cells in the body and are heterogeneous in nature. The primary function of EVs is to share information through their cargo consisting of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids (mRNA, miRNA, dsDNA etc.) with other cells, which have a direct consequence on their microenvironment. We will focus on the role of EVs of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the nervous system and how these participate in intercellular communication to maintain physiological function and provide neuroprotection. However, deregulation of this same communication system could play a role in several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, prion disease and Huntington's disease. The release of EVs from a cell provides crucial information to what is happening inside the cell and thus could be used in diagnostics and therapy. We will discuss and explore new avenues for the clinical applications of using engineered MSC-EVs and their potential therapeutic benefit in treating neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayaz M. Belkozhayev
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
- Structural and Functional Genomics Laboratory of M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Minnatallah Al-Yozbaki
- Canterbury Christ Church University, School of Human and Life Sciences, Life Sciences Industry Liaison Lab, Sandwich, UK
| | - Alex George
- Canterbury Christ Church University, School of Human and Life Sciences, Life Sciences Industry Liaison Lab, Sandwich, UK
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College & Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Raigul Ye Niyazova
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Kamalidin O. Sharipov
- Structural and Functional Genomics Laboratory of M.A. Aitkhozhin Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Lee J. Byrne
- Canterbury Christ Church University, School of Human and Life Sciences, Life Sciences Industry Liaison Lab, Sandwich, UK
| | - Cornelia M. Wilson
- Canterbury Christ Church University, School of Human and Life Sciences, Life Sciences Industry Liaison Lab, Sandwich, UK
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Xiao K, Yang X, Zhou W, Chen C, Shi Q, Dong X. Validation and Application of Skin RT-QuIC to Patients in China with Probable CJD. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10121642. [PMID: 34959597 PMCID: PMC8707901 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The definite diagnosis of human sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (sCJD) largely depends on postmortem neuropathology and PrPSc detection in the brain. The development of real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples makes it possible for premortem diagnosis for sCJD. To test the diagnostic potential of RT-QuIC of skin specimens for probable sCJD, we collected the paired skin and CSF samples from 51 recruited living patients referred to the Chinese CJD surveillance center, including 34 probable sCJD, 14 non-CJD, and 3 genetic prion disease (gPrD). The samples were subjected to RT-QuIC assays using recombinant hamster PrP protein rHaPrP90-231 as the substrate. Using skin RT-QuIC assay, 91.2% (31/34) probable sCJD patients, and 1 T188K genetic CJD (gCJD) cases showed positive prion-seeding activity, while 85.7% (12/14) non-CJD patients were negative. CSF RT-QuIC positive seeding activity was only observed in 14 probable sCJD patients. Analysis of the reactivity of 38 positive skin RT-QuIC tests revealed that the positive rates in the preparations of 10−2, 10−3 and 10−4 diluted skin samples were 88.6% (39/44), 63.6% (28/44), and 25.0% (11/44), respectively. Eleven probable sCJD patients donated two skin specimens collected at different sites simultaneously. Although 95.5% (21/22) skin RT-QuIC elicited positive reaction, the reactivity varied. Our preliminary data indicate high sensitivity and specificity of skin RT-QuIC in prion detection for Chinese probable sCJD and highlight that skin prion-seeding activity is a reliable biomarker for premortem diagnosis of human prion disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, China; (K.X.); (X.Y.); (W.Z.); (C.C.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Xuehua Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, China; (K.X.); (X.Y.); (W.Z.); (C.C.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, China; (K.X.); (X.Y.); (W.Z.); (C.C.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Cao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, China; (K.X.); (X.Y.); (W.Z.); (C.C.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, China; (K.X.); (X.Y.); (W.Z.); (C.C.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongzhimeinei, South Rd 16, Beijing 100700, China
- Correspondence: (Q.S.); (X.D.); Fax: +86-10-58900815 (X.D.)
| | - Xiaoping Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, China; (K.X.); (X.Y.); (W.Z.); (C.C.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310007, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongzhimeinei, South Rd 16, Beijing 100700, China
- Center for Global Public Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing 102206, China
- Correspondence: (Q.S.); (X.D.); Fax: +86-10-58900815 (X.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Shi Q, Xiao K, Chen C, Zhou W, Gao LP, Wu YZ, Wang Y, Hu C, Gao C, Dong XP. Characteristics of Chinese patients with genetic CJD who have E196A or E196K mutation in PRNP: comparative analysis of patients identified in the Chinese National CJD Surveillance System. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e054551. [PMID: 34782343 PMCID: PMC8593757 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Two different mutations at codon 196, namely E196A and E196K, have been reported to be related to genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). We aimed to comparatively analyse the features of Chinese patients with these two mutations from the CJD surveillance system in China. DESIGN AND SETTING Comparative analysis of patients identified via the Chinese National CJD Surveillance System during the period 2006-2020. PARTICIPANTS 16 Chinese patients with genetic CJD with E196A mutation and 5 with E196K mutation. METHODS Neurological examination, EEG and MRI, western blot, gene sequence, and RT-QuIC. RESULTS The age of onset of E196K genetic CJD cases (median of 61 years) was older than the E196A cases (median of 67 years). Generally, these two subtypes of genetic CJD were more like sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) clinically. The E196A cases showed more major symptoms, while those of E196K cases were restricted to dementia and mental problems. During progression, more sCJD-associated symptoms and signs gradually appeared, but none of the E196K cases showed cerebellum and visual disturbances. Typical periodic sharp wave complexes on MRI were recorded in 25% of E196A cases but not in E196K cases. sCJD-associated abnormalities on MRI, positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 14-3-3 and increased CSF total tau were observed frequently, ranging from two out of three cases to four out of five cases, without a difference. Positive CSF RT-QuIC was detected in 37.5% (6 of 16) of E196A cases and 60% (3 of 5) of E196K cases. The duration of survival of E196K cases (median of 4.5 months) was shorter than the E196A cases (median of 6.5 months). Moreover, female cases and cases with young age of onset (<60 years) in E196A displayed longer survival time than male patients and cases with older age of onset (≥60 years). CONCLUSIONS This is the largest comprehensive report of genetic CJD with mutations at codon 196 to date, describing the similarity and diversity in clinical and laboratory tests between patients with E196A and with E196K mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Dongzhimeinei, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Cao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ping Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Zhang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center for Global Public Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Shi Q, Chen C, Xiao K, Zhou W, Gao LP, Chen DD, Wu YZ, Wang Y, Hu C, Gao C, Dong XP. Genetic Prion Disease: Insight from the Features and Experience of China National Surveillance for Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease. Neurosci Bull 2021; 37:1570-1582. [PMID: 34487324 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00764-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human genetic prion diseases (gPrDs) are directly associated with mutations and insertions in the PRNP (Prion Protein) gene. We collected and analyzed the data of 218 Chinese gPrD patients identified between Jan 2006 and June 2020. Nineteen different subtypes were identified and gPrDs accounted for 10.9% of all diagnosed PrDs within the same period. Some subtypes of gPrDs showed a degree of geographic association. The age at onset of Chinese gPrDs peaked in the 50-59 year group. Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS) and fatal familial insomnia (FFI) cases usually displayed clinical symptoms earlier than genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (gCJD) patients with point mutations. A family history was more frequently recalled in P105L GSS and D178N FFI patients than T188K and E200K patients. None of the E196A gCJD patients reported a family history. The gCJD cases with point mutations always developed clinical manifestations typical of sporadic CJD (sCJD). EEG examination was not sensitive for gPrDs. sCJD-associated abnormalities on MRI were found in high proportions of GSS and gCJD patients. CSF 14-3-3 positivity was frequently detected in gCJD patients. Increased CSF tau was found in more than half of FFI and T188K gCJD cases, and an even higher proportion of E196A and E200K gCJD patients. 63.6% of P105L GSS cases showed a positive reaction in cerebrospinal fluid RT-QuIC. GSS and FFI cases had longer durations than most subtypes of gCJD. This is one of the largest studies of gPrDs in East Asians, and the illness profile of Chinese gPrDs is clearly distinct. Extremely high proportions of T188K and E196A occur among Chinese gPrDs; these mutations are rarely reported in Caucasians and Japanese.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China. .,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Cao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China.,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Li-Ping Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Dong-Dong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yue-Zhang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Chao Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Chen Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China. .,Center for Global Public Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China. .,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China. .,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Shi Q, Shen XJ, Gao LP, Xiao K, Zhou W, Wang Y, Chen C, Dong XP. A Chinese patient with the clinical features of Parkinson's disease contains a single copy of octarepeat deletion in PRNP case report. Prion 2021; 15:121-125. [PMID: 34224312 PMCID: PMC8259714 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2021.1946376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Insertion or deletion of single copy of octapeptide repeat (OR) in human PrP protein are considered as polymorphism, while of insertions of more numbers of OR and deletion of two copies of OR are associated with genetic prion diseases.Here, we reported a 58-year-old female patient who displayed clinical manifestations of Parkinson's disease (PD) but contained deletion mutation of single copy of OR in one PRNP allele. The patient complained involuntary tremor of left upper limb for 18 months and her symptoms aggravation for 6 months at the time referring to Chinese National CJD surveillance system. The tremor was pronounced at rest, exacerbated by stress and disappear during sleep. Her symptoms were partially relieved after receiving medicament for PD. Neurological examination recorded involuntary movement of left hand and gear-like muscle tension of left upper limb. Coordination movement reported positive of Romberg sign and unstable in heel-keen test. EEG recorded a mild abnormality, but without periodic sharp wave complexes (PSWC). MRI showed a mild write matter demyelination. CSF protein 14-3-3 was negative. PRNP sequencing revealed heterozygosity of single copy deletion on ORs (R1-2-3-4/R1-2-2-3-4).No family history of neurodegenerative disease was recorded. Such case with a single copy of OR deletion in PRNP displaying the feature of PD is rarely reported in Chinese mainland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Prion Disease department, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Shen
- Infectious Disease Prevention and control department, Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li-Ping Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Cao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Prion Disease department, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Global Public Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention-Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Joint Research Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Royo J, Forkel SJ, Pouget P, Thiebaut de Schotten M. The squirrel monkey model in clinical neuroscience. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:152-164. [PMID: 34118293 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Clinical neuroscience research relying on animal models brought valuable translational insights into the function and pathologies of the human brain. The anatomical, physiological, and behavioural similarities between humans and mammals have prompted researchers to study cerebral mechanisms at different levels to develop and test new treatments. The vast majority of biomedical research uses rodent models, which are easily manipulable and have a broadly resembling organisation to the human nervous system but cannot satisfactorily mimic some disorders. For these disorders, macaque monkeys have been used as they have a more comparable central nervous system. Still, this research has been hampered by limitations, including high costs and reduced samples. This review argues that a squirrel monkey model might bridge the gap by complementing translational research from rodents, macaque, and humans. With the advent of promising new methods such as ultrasound imaging, tool miniaturisation, and a shift towards open science, the squirrel monkey model represents a window of opportunity that will potentially fuel new translational discoveries in the diagnosis and treatment of brain pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Royo
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, UM75, ICM, Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, Paris, France.
| | - Stephanie J Forkel
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives-UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, King's College London, UK
| | - Pierre Pouget
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; Sorbonne University, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, UM75, ICM, Movement Investigation and Therapeutics Team, Paris, France
| | - Michel Thiebaut de Schotten
- Brain Connectivity and Behaviour Laboratory, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives-UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kortz MW, Kongs BM, Middleton LE. Rapid Neurocognitive Deterioration and Mortality in a Healthcare Professional With Spongiform Encephalopathy: Implications for Neurologic and End-of-Life Care. Cureus 2021; 13:e14277. [PMID: 33959455 PMCID: PMC8093098 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Spongiform encephalopathy (SE) is a rare prion disorder characterized by progressive cognitive dysfunction and mortality. Affected patients can observe a wide variety of neurological symptoms, such as myoclonus, dementia, cerebellar signs, and others. We present a case of laboratory-confirmed SE in an otherwise healthy 57-year-old medical professional who initially presented with nonspecific and unique "head in a fish-bowl" dissociation and cognitive decline. No social risk factors were ever identified other than his healthcare career, but subsequent neuroimaging, serology, and lumbar puncture confirmed a diagnosis of sporadic SE due to unknown etiology. He was then treated symptomatically and referred ultimately to palliative care. The patient passed while in hospice care with time from the initial diagnosis to mortality being only 42 days. Given his vague but uniquely rapid deterioration and subsequent mortality, we highlight an opportunity to discuss diagnosis, management, quality improvement, and ethical concerns associated with SE prognosis. We aim to help primary care physicians and neurologists better elucidate the risk factors, signs and symptoms, and pathophysiology of SE to make an early diagnosis. Symptoms can then be managed effectively and palliative services coordinated via a legal and compassionate shared decision-making approach. We recommend that once a diagnosis is made, a discussion with the patient and their family about advance directives and end-of-life care be coordinated as soon as reasonably possible. This should be carried out by a multidisciplinary team consisting of the patient's primary care physician and neurologist, as well as a social worker, palliative care physician, and counselor (spiritual or otherwise). It is our hope that through a better understanding of these factors in SE care, quality of life improvement protocols in similarly-debilitating neurocognitive diseases can be developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Kortz
- Neurosurgery, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Kansas City, USA
| | - Brian M Kongs
- Neurology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Kansas City, USA
- Bioethics, Kansas City University, Kansas City, USA
| | - Lauren E Middleton
- Neurology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Kansas City, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chen C, Dong X. Therapeutic implications of prion diseases. BIOSAFETY AND HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
|
45
|
Chen C, Hu C, Zhou W, Chen J, Shi Q, Xiao K, Wang Y, Dong XP. Calmodulin level is significantly increased in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Eur J Neurol 2021; 28:1134-1141. [PMID: 33220142 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Human prion diseases (PrDs) are a group of fatal and transmissible neurodegenerative disorders that are diagnosed definitively in post mortem brains. Calmodulin (CaM) is a ubiquitous calcium-binding protein. Increased brain CaM level has been reported in prion-infected rodent models and some scrapie-infected cells. However, the putative alteration of CaM in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of human PrDs is uncertain. Here, we try to figure out the profiles of CSF CaM in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease. METHODS Cerebrospinal fluid samples of 40 Chinese patients with probable sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (sCJD) and 40 cases without sCJD (non-PrDs) were recruited in this study. The presence of CaM in the CSF was assessed by Western blot, while total tau levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. In addition, the presence of CaM in another CSF panel consisting of 30 definite sCJD cases and 30 non-PrD cases was evaluated using CaM-specific Western blot analysis. RESULTS Cerebrospinal fluid CaM positivity was observed in 28/40 cases of probable sCJD and in 9/40 non-PrD cases. The CSF tau levels in the probable sCJD cases were markedly higher than those in the non-PrD cases. Logistic regression established a significant correlation between CSF CaM signal and total CSF tau level. Similar results were observed in the panel of cases with definite sCJD: the rates of CSF CaM positivity in the definite sCJD cases and the non-PrD cases were 22/30 and 6/30, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Although CSF CaM positivity might not be a sCJD-specific phenomenon, a significantly high rate of CaM-positive CSF in sCJD cases, especially in those with high CSF tau levels, rendered it a valuable diagnostic biomarker for sCJD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention-Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Joint Research Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Center of Global Public Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention-Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Joint Research Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosafety, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Watson N, Brandel JP, Green A, Hermann P, Ladogana A, Lindsay T, Mackenzie J, Pocchiari M, Smith C, Zerr I, Pal S. The importance of ongoing international surveillance for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Nat Rev Neurol 2021; 17:362-379. [PMID: 33972773 PMCID: PMC8109225 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-021-00488-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rapidly progressive, fatal and transmissible neurodegenerative disease associated with the accumulation of misfolded prion protein in the CNS. International CJD surveillance programmes have been active since the emergence, in the mid-1990s, of variant CJD (vCJD), a disease linked to bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Control measures have now successfully contained bovine spongiform encephalopathy and the incidence of vCJD has declined, leading to questions about the requirement for ongoing surveillance. However, several lines of evidence have raised concerns that further cases of vCJD could emerge as a result of prolonged incubation and/or secondary transmission. Emerging evidence from peripheral tissue distribution studies employing high-sensitivity assays suggests that all forms of human prion disease carry a theoretical risk of iatrogenic transmission. Finally, emerging diseases, such as chronic wasting disease and camel prion disease, pose further risks to public health. In this Review, we provide an up-to-date overview of the transmission of prion diseases in human populations and argue that CJD surveillance remains vital both from a public health perspective and to support essential research into disease pathophysiology, enhanced diagnostic tests and much-needed treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neil Watson
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jean-Philippe Brandel
- grid.411439.a0000 0001 2150 9058Cellule Nationale de référence des MCJ, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Alison Green
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter Hermann
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331National Reference Centre for TSE, Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna Ladogana
- grid.416651.10000 0000 9120 6856Registry of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Terri Lindsay
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Janet Mackenzie
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maurizio Pocchiari
- grid.416651.10000 0000 9120 6856Registry of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Colin Smith
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Inga Zerr
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331National Reference Centre for TSE, Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Suvankar Pal
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988National CJD Research & Surveillance Unit, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sutariya N, Khichar S, Bhargava A, Pradhan S. Creutzfeldt-jakob disease in nonagenarian: A rare presentation from India. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2021; 24:1012-1014. [PMID: 35359562 PMCID: PMC8965916 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_1069_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
48
|
Mysterud A, Ytrehus B, Tranulis MA, Rauset GR, Rolandsen CM, Strand O. Antler cannibalism in reindeer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22168. [PMID: 33335134 PMCID: PMC7747554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases constitute a class of invariably fatal and degenerative encephalopathies. Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) is a contagious prion disease among cervids, which is spreading and causing marked population declines in USA and Canada. The first outbreak of CWD in Europe was discovered in a reindeer population in Norway in 2016. In the worst-case scenario with continental-wide spreading of CWD in Eurasia, an annual harvest of around 4 million cervids is at stake only in Europe, with huge economic and cultural significance. An in situ origin of CWD was suspected, and it appear urgent to identify the likely cause to prevent future emergences. Here, we document the novel phenomenon of extensive antler cannibalism prior to shedding among reindeer in the CWD-infected population. The extent of antler cannibalism increased over the last decades when CWD emerged, and included ingestion of vascularized antlers. Ingestion of tissues from conspecifics is a risk factor for the emergence of prion diseases, where the presence of extensive antler cannibalism opens the intriguing possibility of a ‘Kuru-analogue’ origin of CWD among the reindeer in Europe. Based on general insight on pathology of prion diseases and strain selection processes, we propose an hypothesis for how contagious CWD may emerge from sporadic CWD under the unique epidemiological conditions we document here. More research is required to document the presence of prions in reindeer antlers, and whether antler cannibalism actually led to a strain selection process and the emergence of a contagious form of CWD from a sporadic form of CWD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atle Mysterud
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1066, 0316, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Bjørnar Ytrehus
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Torgarden, P. O. Box 5685, 7485, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Michael A Tranulis
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 369 Sentrum, 0102, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Rune Rauset
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Torgarden, P. O. Box 5685, 7485, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Christer M Rolandsen
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Torgarden, P. O. Box 5685, 7485, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Olav Strand
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Torgarden, P. O. Box 5685, 7485, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Mehmood M, Ghazanfar H, Dhallu MS, Omoregie E. Cerebellar Vertigo as an Unspecific Initial Presentation of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2020; 21:e927955. [PMID: 33223515 PMCID: PMC7701018 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.927955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a human prion disease characterized by severe and rapidly progressive fatal neurodegeneration. Currently, there is no cure for CJD, and death from CJD usually occurs within 1 year from the onset of the symptom, and the median survival time is 6 months. CASE REPORT The patient was a 63-year-old woman who presented to the hospital reporting having vertigo for the past 1 week and involuntary muscle contraction resulting in slow repetitive movement and abnormal posture for the past 3 days. A physical examination at the time of admission revealed unsteady gait, dystonia, and dysmetria of the left upper limb. There was no nystagmus on examination. Electroencephalography done on the same day showed focal epileptiform discharge on bilateral temporal lobes, which were more on the right side than the left. It also showed mild diffuse cerebral slowing. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed positive for RT-QulC, T tau protein, and 14-3-3. A diagnosis of CJD was made based on clinical course, imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. CONCLUSIONS The diagnosis of CJD can be suspected based on clinical signs and symptoms and can be confirmed after performing MRI, EEG, and lumbar puncture. Therefore, it is important to recognize vertigo as an unspecific symptom of CJD so that a timely diagnosis can be made and unnecessary procedures can be avoided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maham Mehmood
- Department of Internal Medicine, BronxCare Health System, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Haider Ghazanfar
- Department of Internal Medicine, BronxCare Health System, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Manjeet S Dhallu
- Department of Neurology, BronxCare Health System, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Eghosa Omoregie
- Department of Neurology, BronxCare Health System, Bronx, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ascari LM, Rocha SC, Gonçalves PB, Vieira TCRG, Cordeiro Y. Challenges and Advances in Antemortem Diagnosis of Human Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:585896. [PMID: 33195151 PMCID: PMC7606880 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.585896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), also known as prion diseases, arise from the structural conversion of the monomeric, cellular prion protein (PrPC) into its multimeric scrapie form (PrPSc). These pathologies comprise a group of intractable, rapidly evolving neurodegenerative diseases. Currently, a definitive diagnosis of TSE relies on the detection of PrPSc and/or the identification of pathognomonic histological features in brain tissue samples, which are usually obtained postmortem or, in rare cases, by brain biopsy (antemortem). Over the past two decades, several paraclinical tests for antemortem diagnosis have been developed to preclude the need for brain samples. Some of these alternative methods have been validated and can provide a probable diagnosis when combined with clinical evaluation. Paraclinical tests include in vitro cell-free conversion techniques, such as the real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC), as well as immunoassays, electroencephalography (EEG), and brain bioimaging methods, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), whose importance has increased over the years. PrPSc is the main biomarker in TSEs, and the RT-QuIC assay stands out for its ability to detect PrPSc in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), olfactory mucosa, and dermatome skin samples with high sensitivity and specificity. Other biochemical biomarkers are the proteins 14-3-3, tau, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), astroglial protein S100B, α-synuclein, and neurofilament light chain protein (NFL), but they are not specific for TSEs. This paper reviews the techniques employed for definite diagnosis, as well as the clinical and paraclinical methods for possible and probable diagnosis, both those in use currently and those no longer employed. We also discuss current criteria, challenges, and perspectives for TSE diagnosis. An early and accurate diagnosis may allow earlier implementation of strategies to delay or stop disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas M. Ascari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Stephanie C. Rocha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Priscila B. Gonçalves
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tuane C. R. G. Vieira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Yraima Cordeiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|