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Gao Y, Sun J, Li W, Deng W, Wang Y, Li X, Yang Z. Sophoraflavanone G: A review of the phytochemistry and pharmacology. Fitoterapia 2024; 177:106080. [PMID: 38901805 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Bioactive compounds derived from natural sources have long been investigated for the prevention and treatment of human diseases. Sophoraflavanone G (SFG), a lavandulyl flavanone naturally occurring in several Sophora plant species, belongs to the group of prenylated flavonoids that have garnered significant interest in contemporary research. The natural molecule exhibits a wide range of pharmacological properties and shows remarkable efficacy. Its ability to effectively suppress a range of malignant tumor cells, such as leukemia, breast cancer, and lung cancer, is attributed to its multi-target, multi-pathway, and multi-faceted mechanisms of action. Simultaneously, it can also alleviate various inflammatory diseases by mediating inflammatory mediators and molecular pathways. Furthermore, it has the capability to combat antibiotic resistance, exhibit synergistic antibacterial properties with diverse antibiotics, and prevent and treat various agricultural pests. Theoretically, it can bring benefits to human health and has potential value as a drug. Nevertheless, the drawbacks of poor water solubility and inadequate targeting cannot be overlooked. To comprehensively assess the current research on SFG, leverage its structural advantages and pharmacological activity, overcome its low bioavailability limitations, expedite its progression into a novel therapeutic drug, and better serve the clinic, this article presents a overall retrospect of the current research status of SFG. The discussion includes an analysis of the structural characteristics, physicochemical properties, bioavailability, pharmacological activities, and structure-activity relationships of SFG, with the goal of offering valuable insights and guidance for future research endeavors in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Jialin Sun
- Postdoctoral Research Station, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China; Biological Science and Technology Department, Heilongjiang Vocational College for Nationalities, Harbin, China
| | - Weinan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Weizhe Deng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 962 Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Logistic Support Force, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Xiuyan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Zhixin Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China.
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Jheng MJ, Kita H. Control of Asthma and Allergy by Regulatory T Cells. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2024:1-15. [PMID: 39154634 DOI: 10.1159/000540407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial barriers, such as the lungs and skin, face the challenge of providing the tissues' physiological function and maintaining tolerance to the commensal microbiome and innocuous environmental factors while defending the host against infectious microbes. Asthma and allergic diseases can result from maladaptive immune responses, resulting in exaggerated and persistent type 2 immunity and tissue inflammation. SUMMARY Among the diverse populations of tissue immune cells, CD4+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are central to controlling immune responses and inflammation and restoring tissue homeostasis. Humans and mice that are deficient in Treg cells experience extensive inflammation in their mucosal organs and skin. During past decades, major progress has been made toward understanding the immunobiology of Treg cells and the molecular and cellular mechanisms that control their differentiation and function. It is now clear that Treg cells are not a single cell type and that they demonstrate diversity and plasticity depending on their differentiation stages and tissue environment. They could also take on a proinflammatory phenotype in certain conditions. KEY MESSAGES Treg cells perform distinct functions, including the induction of immune tolerance, suppression of inflammation, and promotion of tissue repair. Subsets of Treg cells in mucosal tissues are regulated by their differentiation stage and tissue inflammatory milieu. Treg cell dysfunction likely plays roles in persistent immune responses and tissue inflammation in asthma and allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jhen Jheng
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Hirohito Kita
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
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Wang S, Guo L, Gu F, Bao J, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Li R, Wu Z, Li J. Quercetin restores respiratory mucosal barrier dysfunction in Mycoplasma gallisepticum-infected chicks by enhancing Th2 immune response. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 133:155953. [PMID: 39154527 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) has long been a pathogenic microorganism threatening the global poultry industry. Previous studies have demonstrated that the mechanism by which quercetin (QUE) inhibits the colonization of MG in chicks differs from that of antibiotics. However, the molecular mechanism by which QUE facilitates the clearance of MG remains unclear. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of MG clearance by QUE, with the expectation of providing new options for the treatment of MG. METHODS A model of MG infection in chicks and MG-induced M1 polarization in HD-11 cells were established. The mechanism of QUE clearance of MG was investigated by evaluating the relationship between tracheal mucosal barrier integrity, antibody levels, Th1/Th2 immune balance and macrophage metabolism and M1/M2 polarization balance. Furthermore, network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques were employed to explore the potential molecular pathways connecting QUE, M2 polarization, and fatty acid oxidation (FAO). RESULTS The findings indicate that QUE remodels tracheal mucosal barrier function by regulating tight junctions and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) expression levels. This process entails the regulatory function of QUE on the Th1/Th2 immune imbalance that is induced by MG infection in the tracheal mucosa. Moreover, QUE intervention impeded the M1 polarization of HD-11 cells induced by MG infection, while simultaneously promoting M2 polarization through the induction of FAO. Conversely, inhibitors of the FAO pathway impede this effect. The results of computer network analysis suggest that QUE may induce FAO via the PI3K/AKT pathway to promote M2 polarization. Notably, inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway was found to effectively inhibit M2 polarization in HD-11 cells, while having a limited effect on FAO. CONCLUSIONS QUE promotes M2 polarization of HD-11 cells to enhance Th2 immune response through FAO and PI3K/AKT pathways, thereby restoring tracheal mucosal barrier function and ultimately inhibiting MG colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Liyang Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Fuhua Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Bao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yuquan Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Ze Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| | - Jichang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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Goleij P, Rahimi M, Pourshahroudi M, Tabari MAK, Muhammad S, Suteja RC, Daglia M, Majma Sanaye P, Hadipour M, Khan H, Sadeghi P. The role of IL-2 cytokine family in asthma. Cytokine 2024; 180:156638. [PMID: 38761716 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interleukin-2 (IL-2) family of cytokines, including IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, and IL-21, are pivotal regulators of the immune response, impacting both innate and adaptive immunity. Understanding their molecular characteristics, receptor interactions, and signalling pathways is essential for elucidating their roles in health and disease. OBJECTIVES This review provides a comprehensive overview of the IL-2 family of cytokines, highlighting their molecular biology, receptor interactions, and signalling mechanisms. Furthermore, it explores the involvement of IL-2 family cytokines in the pathogenesis of chronic respiratory diseases, with a specific focus on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. METHODS A thorough literature review was conducted to gather insights into the molecular biology, receptor interactions, and signalling pathways of IL-2 family cytokines. Additionally, studies investigating the roles of these cytokines in chronic respiratory diseases, particularly COPD and asthma, were analysed to discern their implications in wider pathophysiology of disease. RESULTS IL-2 family cytokines exert pleiotropic effects on immune cells, modulating cellular proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Dysregulation of IL-2 family cytokines has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic respiratory illnesses, including COPD and asthma. Elevated levels of IL-2 and IL-9 have been associated with disease severity in COPD, while IL-4 and IL-9 play crucial roles in asthma pathogenesis by promoting airway inflammation and remodelling. CONCLUSION Understanding the intricate roles of IL-2 family cytokines in chronic respiratory diseases provides valuable insights into potential therapeutic targets for these conditions. Targeting specific cytokines or their receptors may offer novel treatment modalities to attenuate disease progression and improve clinical outcomes in patients with COPD and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Goleij
- USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Immunology Board for Transplantation and Cell-Based Therapeutics (ImmunoTACT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Rahimi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Motahareh Pourshahroudi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Mohammad Amin Khazeei Tabari
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran; Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Syed Muhammad
- Farooqia College of Pharmacy, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
| | | | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | | | - Mahboube Hadipour
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Parniyan Sadeghi
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Guo Y, Miao Y, Chen H, Wang K, Wang S, Wang R, Wu Z, Li J. Revealing the mechanism: the influence of Baicalin on M1/M2 and Th1/Th2 imbalances in mycoplasma gallisepticum infection. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104145. [PMID: 39127004 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is a pathogen that induces chronic respiratory illnesses in chickens, leading to tracheal and lung injury, and eliciting immune reactions that support sustained colonization. Baicalin, a compound found in scutellaria baicalensis, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. This study aimed to investigate the potential of baicalin in alleviating lung and cell damage caused by MG by restoring imbalances in M1/M2 and Th1/Th2 differentiation and to explore its underlying mechanism. In this research, a model for M1/M2 polarization induced by MG was initially developed. Specifically, infection with MG at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 400 for 6 h represented the M1 model, while infection for 10 h represented the M2 model. The polarization markers were subsequently validated using qRT-PCR, ELISA, and Western blot analysis. Baicalin disrupts the activation of M1 cells induced by MG and has the potential to restore the balance between M1 and M2 cells, thereby mitigating the inflammatory damage resulting from MG. Subsequent studies on MG-infected chickens detected imbalances in M1/M2 and Th1/Th2 differentiation in alveolar lavage fluid, as well as imbalances in macrophages and Th cells in the lung. The M1/Th1 model was exposed to MG for 5 d, while the M2/Th2 model was infected with MG for 7 d. The utilization of both light and electron transmission microscopes revealed that the administration of baicalin resulted in a reduction in the number of M1 cells, a decrease in cytoplasmic vacuoles, restoration of mitochondrial swelling and chromatin agglutination, as well as alleviation of alveolar rupture and inflammatory cell infiltration. Furthermore, baicalin restored MG-induced M1/M2 and Th1/Th2 imbalances and inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 and p65 proteins, thereby hindering the activation of the TLR4-p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway. This study provides insights into the potential long-term effects of baicalin in MG infection and offers a theoretical basis for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuquan Guo
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yusong Miao
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, PR China
| | - Hao Chen
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Shun Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Rui Wang
- Shandong Tianmu Technology Co. LTD, Dongying, 257500, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Wu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jichang Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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Rojo-Tolosa S, Sánchez-Martínez JA, Caballero-Vázquez A, Pineda-Lancheros LE, González-Gutiérrez MV, Pérez-Ramírez C, Jiménez-Morales A, Morales-García C. SingleNucleotide Polymorphisms as Biomarkers of Mepolizumab and Benralizumab Treatment Response in Severe Eosinophilic Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8139. [PMID: 39125709 PMCID: PMC11311889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The most promising treatment options for severe uncontrolled asthma (SUA) have emerged in recent years with the development of monoclonal antibodies for blocking selective targets responsible for the underlying inflammation, such as mepolizumab and benralizumab. However, there is variability in treatment response that is not fully controlled. The variability of the response to mepolizumab and benralizumab could be influenced by single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and it would be useful to detect these and use them as predictive biomarkers of response. We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study of 72 Caucasian patients recruited from a tertiary hospital with severe uncontrolled eosinophilic asthma treated with mepolizumab and benralizumab. Polymorphisms in the IL5 (rs4143832, rs17690122), RAD50 (rs11739623, rs4705959), IL1RL1 (rs1420101, rs17026974, rs1921622), GATA2 (rs4857855), IKZF2 (rs12619285), FCGR2A (rs1801274), FCGR2B (rs3219018, rs1050501), FCGR3A (rs10127939, rs396991), FCER1A (rs2251746, rs2427837), FCER1B (rs1441586, rs573790, rs569108), and ZNF415 (rs1054485) genes were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using Taqman probes. The response was analyzed after 12 months of treatment. In patients under mepolizumab treatment, a treatment response defined as a reduction in exacerbations was associated with ZNF415 rs1054485-T (p = 0.042; OR = 5.33; 95% CI = 1.06-30.02), treatment response defined as a reduction in oral corticosteroids use was associated with the number of exacerbations in the previous year (p = 0.029; OR = 3.89; 95% CI = 1.24-14.92), and treatment response defined as improvement in lung function was associated with the age at the beginning of biological therapy (p = 0.002; OR = 1.10; 95% CI = 1.04-1.18), FCER1B rs569108-AA (p < 0.001; OR = 171.06; 95% CI = 12.94-6264.11), and FCER1A rs2427837-A (p = 0.021; OR = 8.61; 95% CI = 1.71-76.62). On the other hand, in patients under benralizumab treatment, treatment response, defined as a reduction in exacerbations, was associated with ZNF415 rs1054485-T (p = 0.073; OR = 1.3 × 108; 95% CI = 1.8 × 10-19-NA), FCER1B rs569108-AA (p = 0.050; OR = 11.51; 95% CI = 1.19-269.78), allergies (p = 0.045; OR = 4.02; 95% CI = 1.05-16.74), and sex (p = 0.028; OR = 4.78; 95% CI = 1.22-20.63); and treatment response defined as improvement in lung function was associated with polyposis (p = 0.027; OR = 9.16; 95% CI = 1.58-91.4), IKZF2 rs12619285-AA (p = 0.019; OR = 9.1; 95% CI = 1.7-75.78), IL5 rs4143832-T (p = 0.017; OR = 11.1; 95% CI = 1.9-112.17), and FCER1B rs1441586-C (p = 0.045; OR = 7.81; 95% CI = 1.16-73.45). The results of this study show the potential influence of the studied polymorphisms on the response to mepolizumab and benralizumab and the clinical benefit that could be obtained by defining predictive biomarkers of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Rojo-Tolosa
- Respiratory Medicine Department, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (J.A.S.-M.); (A.C.-V.); (M.V.G.-G.); (C.M.-G.)
- Pharmacy Service, Pharmacogenetics Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain;
| | - José Antonio Sánchez-Martínez
- Respiratory Medicine Department, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (J.A.S.-M.); (A.C.-V.); (M.V.G.-G.); (C.M.-G.)
| | - Alberto Caballero-Vázquez
- Respiratory Medicine Department, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (J.A.S.-M.); (A.C.-V.); (M.V.G.-G.); (C.M.-G.)
| | - Laura Elena Pineda-Lancheros
- Pharmacy Service, Pharmacogenetics Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences, National University of Colombia, Bogota Campus, Cra. 30 No. 45-03, Bogotá 11001, Colombia
| | - María Victoria González-Gutiérrez
- Respiratory Medicine Department, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (J.A.S.-M.); (A.C.-V.); (M.V.G.-G.); (C.M.-G.)
| | - Cristina Pérez-Ramírez
- Center of Biomedical Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Alberto Jiménez-Morales
- Pharmacy Service, Pharmacogenetics Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain;
| | - Concepción Morales-García
- Respiratory Medicine Department, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain; (J.A.S.-M.); (A.C.-V.); (M.V.G.-G.); (C.M.-G.)
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Teräsjärvi JT, Toivonen L, Mertsola J, Peltola V, He Q. ST2 and IL-33 polymorphisms and the development of childhood asthma: a prospective birth cohort study in Finnish children. APMIS 2024; 132:515-525. [PMID: 38566447 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The ST2/IL-33 signaling pathway has an important role in the host inflammatory response. Here we aimed to study the association of ST2 and IL-33 polymorphisms with serum soluble (s) ST2 and IL-33 concentrations in healthy Finnish children and, in addition, their association with childhood asthma. In total, 146 children were followed from birth to the age 7 years for the development of asthma. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ST2 and IL-33 were determined, and associations of the SNP variants with serum levels of sST2 and IL-33 at age of 13 months and with recurrent wheezing and childhood asthma at 7 years of age were analyzed. Children with ST2 rs1041973 AC/AA genotypes had significantly lower level of serum sST2 (2453 pg/mL; IQR 2265) than those with CC genotype (5437 pg/mL; IQR 2575; p = < 0.0001). Similar difference was also observed with ST2 rs13408661. No differences were observed between subjects with studied IL-33 SNPs. Children who carried genetic variants of ST2 rs1041973 or rs13408661 seemed to have a higher risk of asthma. In contrast, children who carried genetic variants of IL-33 rs12551268 were less often diagnosed with asthma. Even though these SNPs seemed to associate with asthma, the differences were not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna T Teräsjärvi
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Infections and Immunity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Toivonen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jussi Mertsola
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ville Peltola
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Qiushui He
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Infections and Immunity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Omar M, Omar M, Nassar S, Lahat A, Sharif K. Limited Clinical Impact of Genetic Associations between Celiac Disease and Type 2 Inflammatory Diseases: Insights from Mendelian Randomization. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1429. [PMID: 39062002 PMCID: PMC11274227 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Celiac disease, a gluten-triggered autoimmune disorder, is known for its systemic inflammatory effects. Its genetic associations with type 2 inflammatory diseases like asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis remain unclear, prompting this study to explore their potential genetic interplay. Methods: Utilizing two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR), we examined the genetic associations using 15 genetic instruments from GWAS datasets. Our analysis focused on celiac disease and its relation to asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and IgE-mediated food allergies. A power analysis was conducted to determine the study's detection capabilities, and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using various MR methods. Results: Our Mendelian randomization analysis identified statistically significant genetic associations between celiac disease and several type 2 inflammatory diseases, although these were practically insignificant. Specifically, celiac disease was associated with a slight increase in the risk of atopic dermatitis (OR = 1.037) and a minor protective effect against asthma (OR = 0.97). The link with allergic rhinitis was statistically detectable (OR = 1.002) but practically negligible. Despite robust statistical confirmation through various sensitivity analyses, all observed effects remained within the range of practical equivalence (ROPE). Conclusions: Our study identifies potential genetic associations between celiac disease and certain type 2 inflammatory diseases. However, these associations, predominantly within the ROPE range, suggest only limited clinical implications. These findings highlight the need for cautious interpretation and indicate that further exploration for clinical applications may not be warranted at this stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmud Omar
- Sheba Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Mohammad Omar
- School of Medicine, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 61077 Kharkiv, Ukraine;
| | - Salih Nassar
- Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon 5822012, Israel;
| | - Adi Lahat
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 5262100, Israel; (A.L.); (K.S.)
| | - Kassem Sharif
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 5262100, Israel; (A.L.); (K.S.)
- Department of Medicine B, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 5262100, Israel
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Abdurrahman G, Pospich R, Steil L, Gesell Salazar M, Izquierdo González JJ, Normann N, Mrochen D, Scharf C, Völker U, Werfel T, Bröker BM, Roesner LM, Gómez-Gascón L. The extracellular serine protease from Staphylococcus epidermidis elicits a type 2-biased immune response in atopic dermatitis patients. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1352704. [PMID: 38895118 PMCID: PMC11183529 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1352704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin disease with skin barrier defects and a misdirected type 2 immune response against harmless antigens. The skin microbiome in AD is characterized by a reduction in microbial diversity with a dominance of staphylococci, including Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis). Objective To assess whether S. epidermidis antigens play a role in AD, we screened for candidate allergens and studied the T cell and humoral immune response against the extracellular serine protease (Esp). Methods To identify candidate allergens, we analyzed the binding of human serum IgG4, as a surrogate of IgE, to S. epidermidis extracellular proteins using 2-dimensional immunoblotting and mass spectrometry. We then measured serum IgE and IgG1 binding to recombinant Esp by ELISA in healthy and AD individuals. We also stimulated T cells from AD patients and control subjects with Esp and measured the secreted cytokines. Finally, we analyzed the proteolytic activity of Esp against IL-33 and determined the cleavage sites by mass spectrometry. Results We identified Esp as the dominant candidate allergen of S. epidermidis. Esp-specific IgE was present in human serum; AD patients had higher concentrations than controls. T cells reacting to Esp were detectable in both AD patients and healthy controls. The T cell response in healthy adults was characterized by IL-17, IL-22, IFN-γ, and IL-10, whereas the AD patients' T cells lacked IL-17 production and released only low amounts of IL-22, IFN-γ, and IL-10. In contrast, Th2 cytokine release was higher in T cells from AD patients than from healthy controls. Mature Esp cleaved and activated the alarmin IL-33. Conclusion The extracellular serine protease Esp of S. epidermidis can activate IL-33. As an antigen, Esp elicits a type 2-biased antibody and T cell response in AD patients. This suggests that S. epidermidis can aggravate AD through the allergenic properties of Esp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Abdurrahman
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rebecca Pospich
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Leif Steil
- Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | | | - Nicole Normann
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Daniel Mrochen
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Scharf
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Werfel
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Barbara M. Bröker
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lennart M. Roesner
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lidia Gómez-Gascón
- Institute of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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10
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Berni Canani R, Caminati M, Carucci L, Eguiluz-Gracia I. Skin, gut, and lung barrier: Physiological interface and target of intervention for preventing and treating allergic diseases. Allergy 2024; 79:1485-1500. [PMID: 38439599 DOI: 10.1111/all.16092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The epithelial barriers of the skin, gut, and respiratory tract are critical interfaces between the environment and the host, and they orchestrate both homeostatic and pathogenic immune responses. The mechanisms underlying epithelial barrier dysfunction in allergic and inflammatory conditions, such as atopic dermatitis, food allergy, eosinophilic oesophagitis, allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, and asthma, are complex and influenced by the exposome, microbiome, individual genetics, and epigenetics. Here, we review the role of the epithelial barriers of the skin, digestive tract, and airways in maintaining homeostasis, how they influence the occurrence and progression of allergic and inflammatory conditions, how current treatments target the epithelium to improve symptoms of these disorders, and what the unmet needs are in the identification and treatment of epithelial disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Berni Canani
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Caminati
- Allergy Unit and Asthma Centre, Verona Integrated University Hospital and Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Laura Carucci
- Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ibon Eguiluz-Gracia
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Malága, Malaga, Spain
- Allergy Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA)-BIONAND Platform, RICORS Inflammatory Diseases, Malaga, Spain
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11
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Li K, Bartlett JA, Wohlford-Lenane CL, Xue B, Thurman AL, Gallagher TM, Pezzulo AA, McCray PB. Interleukin 13-Induced Inflammation Increases DPP4 Abundance but Does Not Enhance Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Replication in Airway Epithelia. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:1419-1429. [PMID: 37698016 PMCID: PMC11095549 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pulmonary conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease increase the risk of morbidity and mortality during infection with the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). We hypothesized that individuals with such comorbidities are more susceptible to MERS-CoV infection due to increased expression of its receptor, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4). METHODS We modeled chronic airway disease by treating primary human airway epithelia with the Th2 cytokine interleukin 13 (IL-13), examining how this affected DPP4 protein levels with MERS-CoV entry and replication. RESULTS IL-13 exposure for 3 days led to greater DPP4 protein abundance, while a 21-day treatment raised DPP4 levels and caused goblet cell metaplasia. Surprisingly, despite this increase in receptor availability, MERS-CoV entry and replication were not significantly affected by IL-13 treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that greater DPP4 abundance is likely not the primary mechanism leading to increased MERS severity in the setting of Th2 inflammation. Transcriptional profiling analysis highlighted the complexity of IL-13-induced changes in airway epithelia, including altered expression of genes involved in innate immunity, antiviral responses, and maintenance of the extracellular mucus barrier. These data suggest that additional factors likely interact with DPP4 abundance to determine MERS-CoV infection outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Jennifer A Bartlett
- Department of Pediatrics, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Christine L Wohlford-Lenane
- Department of Pediatrics, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Biyun Xue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Andrew L Thurman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Thomas M Gallagher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL
| | - Alejandro A Pezzulo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Paul B McCray
- Department of Pediatrics, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Department of Microbiology, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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12
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Yoon SA, Lim Y, Byeon HR, Jung J, Ma S, Hong MG, Kim D, Song EJ, Nam YD, Seo JG, Lee SN. Heat-killed Akkermansia muciniphila ameliorates allergic airway inflammation in mice. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1386428. [PMID: 38784796 PMCID: PMC11111871 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1386428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma (AA) is a common inflammatory airway disease characterized by increased airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR), inflammation, and remodeling. Akkermansia muciniphila is a strictly anaerobic bacterium residing in the gut and is a promising next-generation probiotic to improve metabolic inflammatory syndrome. A recent study suggested the beneficial effect of live A. muciniphila on allergic airway inflammation (AAI) in mice. However, whether the heat-killed form can improve AAI requires further investigation. Mice sensitized and challenged with house dust mites (HDM) develop AA hallmarks including inflammatory cell infiltration, goblet cell hyperplasia, and subepithelial collagen deposition in the lungs. These phenomena were reversed by oral administration of the heat-killed A. muciniphila strain EB-AMDK19 (AMDK19-HK) isolated from the feces of healthy Koreans. Furthermore, AMDK19-HK diminished the HDM-induced AHR to inhaled methacholine, lung mast cell accumulation, and serum HDM-specific IgE levels. It also led to the overall suppression of IL-4, IL-13, and eotaxin production in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, and Il4, Il5, Il13, and Ccl17 gene expression in lung tissues. Moreover, AMDK19-HK suppressed Th2-associated cytokine production in the splenocytes of HDM-sensitized mice in vitro. Additionally, a combination of 16S rRNA gene sequencing and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) analysis in cecal samples revealed that AMDK19-HK modulated the relative abundance of circulating SCFA-associated gut genera, including a positive correlation with Lachnospiraceae_ NK4A136_group and a negative correlation with Lachnoclostridium and significantly increased cecal SCFA concentrations. Finally, AMDK19-HK improved intestinal mucosal barrier function. These results suggest that the oral administration of AMDK19-HK ameliorates HDM-induced AAI in mice by suppressing Th2-mediated immune responses and could have a protective effect against AA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seol Ah Yoon
- R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Younggap Lim
- R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Rim Byeon
- R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Jung
- R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongho Ma
- R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Gi Hong
- R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohak Kim
- R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Song
- Research Group of Personalized Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Do Nam
- Research Group of Personalized Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Gu Seo
- R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Nam Lee
- R&D Center, Enterobiome Inc., Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
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13
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AlBloushi S, Al-Ahmad M. Exploring the immunopathology of type 2 inflammatory airway diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1285598. [PMID: 38680486 PMCID: PMC11045947 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1285598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Significant advancements have been achieved in understanding the roles of different immune cells, as well as cytokines and chemokines, in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic airway conditions. This review examines the pathogenesis of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps (CRSwNP), marked by complex immune dysregulation, with major contributions from type 2 inflammation and dysfunctional airway epithelium. The presence of eosinophils and the role of T-cell subsets, particularly an imbalance between Treg and Th17 cells, are crucial to the disease's pathogenesis. The review also investigates the pathogenesis of eosinophilic asthma, a unique asthma subtype. It is characterized by inflammation and high eosinophil levels, with eosinophils playing a pivotal role in triggering type 2 inflammation. The immune response involves Th2 cells, eosinophils, and IgE, among others, all activated by genetic and environmental factors. The intricate interplay among these elements, chemokines, and innate lymphoid cells results in airway inflammation and hyper-responsiveness, contributing to the pathogenesis of eosinophilic asthma. Another scope of this review is the pathogenesis of Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (EGPA); a complex inflammatory disease that commonly affects the respiratory tract and small to medium-sized blood vessels. It is characterized by elevated eosinophil levels in blood and tissues. The pathogenesis involves the activation of adaptive immune responses by antigens leading to T and B cell activation and eosinophil stimulation, which causes tissue and vessel damage. On the other hand, Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA) is a hypersensitive response that occurs when the airways become colonized by aspergillus fungus, with the pathogenesis involving activation of Th2 immune responses, production of IgE antibodies, and eosinophilic action leading to bronchial inflammation and subsequent lung damage. This analysis scrutinizes how an imbalanced immune system contributes to these eosinophilic diseases. The understanding derived from this assessment can steer researchers toward designing new potential therapeutic targets for efficient control of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mona Al-Ahmad
- Al-Rashed Allergy Center, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Microbiology Department, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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14
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Ma H, Liu X, Cai H, Yan Y, Li W, Zhao J. Electroacupuncture reduced airway inflammation by activating somatosensory-sympathetic pathways in allergic asthmatic rats. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024:00029330-990000000-01036. [PMID: 38602180 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroacupuncture (EA) treatment is efficacious in patients with respiratory disorders, although the mechanisms of its action in lung-function protection are poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the neuroanatomical mechanisms of EA stimulation at the BL13 acupoint (Feishu, EA-BL13) improvement in asthma. METHODS Allergic asthma was induced by intranasal 2.0% ovalbumin (OVA) instillation combined with intraperitoneal injection of the 10.0% OVA. The levels of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid-schiff stain were used to evaluate inflammatory cell infiltration and mucus secretion. Cellular oncogene fos induction in neurons after EA stimulation was detected by immunofluorescent staining. The mRNA expression levels of adrenergic receptors were quantified with real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS EA improved airway inflammation and mucus secretion mainly by activating somatosensory-sympathetic pathways (P <0.001). Briefly, the intermediolateral (IML) nuclei of the spinal cord received signals from somatic EA stimulation and then delivered the information via the sympathetic trunk to the lung. Excited sympathetic nerve endings in lung tissue released large amounts of catecholamines that specifically activated the β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) on T cells (P <0.01) and further decreased the levels of IL-4 and IL-5 (P <0.001) through the cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A signaling pathway. CONCLUSION This study provided a new explanation and clinical basis for the use of EA-BL13 as a treatment for allergic asthma in both the attack and remission stages and other respiratory disorders related to airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Ma
- Department of Anesthesia, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100029, China
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15
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Shan Y, Wu J, Dai X, Yuan C, Jiang J, Yan H, Tang L, Dong Y, Ren L, Pan Q, Ji J, Zhao X. Jiangqi Pingxiao formula regulates dendritic cell apoptosis in an autophagy-dependent manner through the AMPK/mTOR pathway in a murine model of OVA-induced asthma. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 321:117405. [PMID: 37952734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Allergic asthma is a recurring respiratory condition that typically manifests during childhood or adolescence. It is characterized by a dominant type II immune response triggered by the identification and capturing of inhaled allergens by dendritic cells (DCs). Jiangqi Pingxiao Formula (JQPXF), a prescription medicine used for the treatment of pediatric asthma, has been clinically proven to be both safe and effective. However, its mechanism of action in the treatment of asthma has not been fully been fully elucidated. Recent research suggests that several natural compounds have the potential to target dendritic cells (DCs) and alleviate ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma, which may also be found within JQPXF. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to elucidate the effect of JQPXF on OVA-induced asthma model and its molecular mechanism targeting DCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The main constituents of JQPXF were analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). An asthma model was established by OVA. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and measurement of respiratory function was used to evaluate the treatment effect of JQPXF on asthmatic mice. Cytokine (IL-5, IL-13 and IgE) concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Flow cytometry was employed to evaluate inflammatory cell infiltration (T helper 2 cells and DCs) in vivo and DC survival in vivo and vitro. Western blot and immunofluorescence were used to verify the molecular mechanisms. RESULTS The results suggest that JQPXF can ameliorate pathological conditions and improve lung function in asthmatic mice, as well as the Th2 cells. Treatment with JQPXF significantly reduced the number of DCs and increased the number of Propidium iodide+ (PI) DCs. Furthermore, JQPXF upregulated protein levels of the pro-apoptotic factors Cleaved-caspase-3 and Bax, while downregulating the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2. Simultaneously, JQPXF increased autophagy levels by facilitating p62 degradation and promoting translation from LC3B I to LC3B II of DCs in vitro, as well as reducing the integrated optical density (IOD) of p62 within the CD11c-positive area in the lung. 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) was used to block autophagic flux and the apoptotic effect of JQPXF on DCs was abolished in vitro, with the number of DCs decreased by JQPXF being reversed in vivo. We further investigated the upstream key regulator of autophagy, the AMPK/mTOR pathway, and found that JQPXF increased AMPK phosphorylation while decreasing mTOR phosphorylation levels. Additionally, we employed Compound C (CC) as an AMPK inhibitor to inhibit this signaling pathway, and our findings revealed that both autophagic flux and apoptotic levels in DCs were abolished in vitro. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we have demonstrated that JQPXF could alleviate type II inflammation in an asthmatic model by promoting the apoptosis of DCs through an autophagy-dependent mechanism, achieved by regulating the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Shan
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiabao Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohan Dai
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Yuan
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinjin Jiang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingling Tang
- School of Chinese Medicine & School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingmei Dong
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lishun Ren
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingyun Pan
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianjian Ji
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xia Zhao
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Medical Metabolomics Center, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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Ishii A, Shibata T, Tsunoda Y, Kayukawa T, Kobayashi M, Orinaka M, Miyamatsu S, Ryuge Y, Asano S, Tanaka I. Benralizumab treatment in an elderly patient with eosinophilic esophagitis resulted in remission: a case report. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:92. [PMID: 38267847 PMCID: PMC10809539 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04683-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-5 (IL-5) has recently been shown to play a crucial role in eosinophil-mediated diseases, implying that an IL-5 receptor alpha chain (IL-5Rα) antibody (benralizumab) can be effective against eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Here, we present a case in which benralizumab significantly improved the symptoms and signs of an elderly Asian woman with EoE who had inadequate response to existing treatments. Case presentation A 73-year-old woman with an 8-year history of bronchial asthma (BA) and a 7-year history of dysphagia presented to our hospital with worsening dysphagia, vomiting, chest pain, and difficulty in eating. Blood biochemical findings revealed an increase in the eosinophil fraction of white blood cells (42.2%), and a conventional chest computed tomography scan revealed esophageal wall thickening. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed mucosal edema as well as multiple esophageal rings, and esophageal biopsy specimens showed an eosinophilic infiltrate of more than 15 cells/ high power field. Based on these findings, she was diagnosed as EoE complicated by BA. We firstly administrated 20 mg/day of prednisolone, rabeprazole sodium and liquid budesonide oral suspension for 5 months; however, they were ineffective and her dysphagia worsened over time. Then, benralizumab treatment in combination with these drugs was started. Her dysphagia completely disappeared 2 weeks after starting benralizumab, and an upper endoscopy showed that the clinical findings had completely disappeared after another 6 weeks. Benralizumab was then given to her for 41 months, and her symptoms remained in remission. In addition, she had no EoE recurrence for more than 12 months after discontinuing benralizumab. CONCLUSIONS Benralizumab in combination with other multiple drugs significantly improved the symptoms and examination findings of an elderly patients with EoE. Furthermore, she experienced no recurrence even after discontinuing benralizumab withdrawal, suggesting that benralizumab could be an appropriate therapeutic option for EoE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Ishii
- Department of Respirology, Japan Community Health Care Organization Chukyo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Shibata
- Department of Respirology, Japan Community Health Care Organization Chukyo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yohei Tsunoda
- Department of Respirology, Japan Community Health Care Organization Chukyo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kayukawa
- Department of Respirology, Japan Community Health Care Organization Chukyo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kobayashi
- Department of Respirology, Japan Community Health Care Organization Chukyo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masami Orinaka
- Department of Respirology, Japan Community Health Care Organization Chukyo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shoko Miyamatsu
- Department of Respirology, Japan Community Health Care Organization Chukyo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ryuge
- Department of Respirology, Japan Community Health Care Organization Chukyo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shuichi Asano
- Department of Respirology, Japan Community Health Care Organization Chukyo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ichidai Tanaka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
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Kim SH, Kim Y. Tailored Biologics Selection in Severe Asthma. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2024; 87:12-21. [PMID: 38018037 PMCID: PMC10758307 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2023.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of severe asthma presents a significant challenge in asthma treatment. Over the past few decades, remarkable progress has been made in developing new treatments for severe asthma, primarily in the form of biological agents. These advances have been made possible through a deeper understanding of the underlying pathogenesis of asthma. Most biological agents focus on targeting specific inflammatory pathways known as type 2 inflammation. However, recent developments have introduced a new agent targeting upstream alarmin signaling pathways. This opens up new possibilities, and it is anticipated that additional therapeutic agents targeting various pathways will be developed in the future. Despite this recent progress, the mainstay of asthma treatment has long been inhalers. As a result, the guidelines for the appropriate use of biological agents are not yet firmly established. In this review, we aim to emphasize the current state of biological therapy for severe asthma and provide insights into its future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyuk Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Gyeongju Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Youlim Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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18
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Huang WC, Wu SJ, Yeh KW, Huang TH, Liou CJ. Protective effects of myricetin on airway inflammation and oxidative stress in ovalbumin-induced asthma mice. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 123:109485. [PMID: 37844766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Myricetin, a flavonoid isolated from many edible vegetables and fruits, has multiple biological effects, including anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects. Myricetin could inhibit mast cell degranulation in vitro, and it reduced the eosinophil content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice. However, it remains unclear whether myricetin alleviates airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), airway inflammation, and oxidative stress in asthma. Here, we investigated whether myricetin attenuated AHR, airway inflammation, and eosinophil infiltration in lungs of asthmatic mice. Mice were sensitized with OVA, then injected intraperitoneally with myricetin to investigate anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of myricetin. Moreover, we examined its effects on human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells stimulated with TNF-α and IL-4, in vitro. Myricetin effectively mitigated eosinophil infiltration, AHR, and goblet cell hyperplasia in lung, and it reduced Th2 cytokine expression in BALF from asthmatic mice. Myricetin effectively promoted glutathione and superoxide dismutase productions and mitigated malondialdehyde expressions in mice by promoting Nrf2/HO-1 expression. Myricetin also reduced the production of proinflammatory cytokines, eotaxins, and reactive oxygen species in BEAS-2B cells. Myricetin effectively suppressed ICAM-1 expression in inflammatory BEAS-2B cells, which suppressed monocyte cell adherence. These results suggested that myricetin could effectively improve asthma symptoms, mainly through blocking Th2-cell activation, which reduced oxidative stress, AHR, and airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital (Built and Operated by Chang Gung Medical Foundation), New Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ju Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; Aesthetic Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Yeh
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Hung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.
| | - Chian-Jiun Liou
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan; Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
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19
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Caminati M, De Corso E, Ottaviano G, Pipolo C, Schiappoli M, Seccia V, Spinelli FR, Savarino EV, Gisondi P, Senna G. Remission in Type 2 Inflammatory Diseases: Current Evidence, Unmet Needs, and Suggestions for Defining Remission in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2024; 24:11-23. [PMID: 38085499 PMCID: PMC10789826 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-023-01118-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The development of biological therapies for type 2 inflammatory diseases raises the possibility of addressing remission in those dis-immune conditions. No consensus exists for a definition of remission in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). This review aims to critically evaluate the published data to provide the basis for defining remission in CRSwNP. RECENT FINDINGS The published evidence has yet to provide an unequivocal definition on remission in type 2 inflammatory diseases, in part reflecting differences in approaches to diagnosis and follow-up. A multidimensional evaluation is necessary when considering complete remission, including clinical, inflammatory, and histologic criteria, but how to combine or tailor the three perspectives according to disease severity at baseline or timing of assessment of treatment category is yet to reach consensus. We suggest defining remission starting from the approach taken in asthma and eosinophilic esophagitis, that is, including the resolution of symptoms and improvements in objective parameters of disease severity and/or inflammatory activity. Future studies and consensuses should provide validated criteria with cutoffs for the day-to-day definition of remission. The definition of remission in CRSwNP should include the following criteria, to be verified and maintained for a period of ≥ 12 months: absence of symptoms (nasal obstruction, loss of smell, rhinorrhea as the main ones); no impact of symptoms on quality of life; no need of surgery; no chronic or rescue medications (systemic corticosteroids or antibiotics); and recovery of smell function, possibly evaluated by objective test. Assessment of underlying inflammation should also be considered once accurate and feasible biomarkers are available in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Caminati
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Allergy Unit and Asthma Center, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Eugenio De Corso
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, "A. Gemelli" Hospital Foundation IRCCS, do A. Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Ottaviano
- Department of Neurosciences, Otolaryngology Section, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Carlotta Pipolo
- Otorhinolaryngology Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Department of Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Schiappoli
- Allergy Unit and Asthma Center, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Veronica Seccia
- Otolaryngology Audiology and Phoniatric Operative Unit, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Spinelli
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Science - Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Vincenzo Savarino
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedale Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Gisondi
- Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gianenrico Senna
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Allergy Unit and Asthma Center, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy
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20
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Fernandes C, Casadevall A, Gonçalves T. Mechanisms of Alternaria pathogenesis in animals and plants. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2023; 47:fuad061. [PMID: 37884396 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuad061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternaria species are cosmopolitan fungi darkly pigmented by melanin that infect numerous plant species causing economically important agricultural spoilage of various food crops. Alternaria spp. also infect animals, being described as entomopathogenic fungi but also infecting warm-blooded animals, including humans. Their clinical importance in human health, as infection agents, lay in the growing number of immunocompromised patients. Moreover, Alternaria spp. are considered some of the most abundant and potent sources of airborne sensitizer allergens causing allergic respiratory diseases, as severe asthma. Among the numerous strategies deployed by Alternaria spp. to attack their hosts, the production of toxins, carrying critical concerns to public health as food contaminant, and the production of hydrolytic enzymes such as proteases, can be highlighted. Alternaria proteases also trigger allergic symptoms in individuals with fungal sensitization, acting as allergens and facilitating antigen access to the host subepithelium. Here, we review the current knowledge about the mechanisms of Alternaria pathogenesis in plants and animals, the strategies used by Alternaria to cope with the host defenses, and the involvement Alternaria allergens and mechanisms of sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Fernandes
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Wolfe Street, Room E5132, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Teresa Gonçalves
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- FMUC - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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21
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Huang Y, Tang H, Liu D, Liu Y, Meng X, Chen B, Zou Z. Cyclosporine A-loaded chitosan extra-fine particles for deep pulmonary drug delivery: In vitro and in vivo evaluation. J Control Release 2023; 362:243-256. [PMID: 37634553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the extra-fine dry powder inhalers (DPIs) with chitosan (CS) as carrier were successfully prepared by ionic gel method combined with spray drying technique for deep pulmonary drug delivery of Cyclosporine A (CsA), using sodium hyaluronate (SHA) and sodium polyglutamate (SPGA) as polyanions. The CsA-loaded DPIs of CS-SHA-CsA and CS-SPGA-CsA were spherical particles with wrinkles on the surface, which were more conducive to improving the aerosol properties. The aerodynamic evaluation of CS-SHA-CsA and CS-SPGA-CsA showed that the fine particle fraction (FPF) reached up to 79.22 ± 2.12% and 81.55 ± 0.43%, while the emitted fraction (EF) reached 77.15 ± 1.46% and 78.29 ± 2.10%. In addition, the mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) was calculated as 1.58 ± 0.04 μm and 1.94 ± 0.02 μm for CS-SHA-CsA and CS-SPGA-CsA, indicating that they were all extra-fine particles (d < 2 μm). These in vitro aerodynamic results showed that CS-SHA-CsA and CS-SPGA-CsA could reach the smaller airways, further improving therapeutic efficiency. The cell viability on A549 cell line results showed that CS-SHA-CsA and CS-SPGA-CsA were safe to deliver CsA to lungs. The in vivo pharmacokinetics consequence proved that inhalation administration of CS-SHA-CsA and CS-SPGA-CsA could significantly improve the bioavailability of CsA in vivo compared with oral administration of Neoral®, effectively reducing the risk of a series of adverse effects caused by systemic overexposure. In addition, the safety and compatibility of DPIs using SHA, SPGA, and CS as carriers for pulmonary drug delivery was verified by in vivo repeated dose inhalation toxicity. From these findings, the extra-fine DPIs with CS as carrier could be a viable delivery option for the deep pulmonary drug delivery of CsA relative to orally administered drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongpeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Hui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Dongxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Xiangyan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Bo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China.
| | - Zhiyun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China.
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22
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Bagnasco D, Savarino EV, Yacoub MR, Braido F, Candeliere MG, Giannini E, Passalacqua G, Marabotto E. Personalized and Precision Medicine in Asthma and Eosinophilic Esophagitis: The Role of T2 Target Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2359. [PMID: 37765327 PMCID: PMC10536373 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of type 2 inflammation has been progressively associated with many diseases, including severe asthma, atopic dermatitis, nasal polyposis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and, recently, eosinophilic esophagitis. Despite this, the association between asthma and esophagitis is still poorly known, and this is probably because of the low prevalence of each disease and the even lower association between them. Nonetheless, observations in clinical trials and, subsequently, in real life, have allowed researchers to observe how drugs acting on type 2 inflammation, initially developed and marketed for severe asthma, could be effective also in treating eosinophilic esophagitis. For this reason, clinical trials specifically designed for the use of drugs targeted to type 2 inflammation were also developed for eosinophilic esophagitis. The results of clinical trials are presently promising and envisage the use of biologicals that are also likely to be employed in the field of gastroenterology in the near future. This review focuses on the use of biologicals for type 2 inflammation in cases of combined severe asthma and eosinophilic esophagitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Bagnasco
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinic San Martino, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Edoardo Vincenzo Savarino
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University Hospital of Padova, 35145 Padua, Italy
| | - Mona-Rita Yacoub
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS Hospital San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Fulvio Braido
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinic San Martino, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Candeliere
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinic San Martino, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Edoardo Giannini
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Passalacqua
- Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinic San Martino, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Elisa Marabotto
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
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23
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Zhan W, Wu F, Zhang Y, Lin L, Li W, Luo W, Yi F, Dai Y, Li S, Lin J, Yuan Y, Qiu C, Jiang Y, Zhao L, Chen M, Qiu Z, Chen R, Xie J, Guo C, Jiang M, Yang X, Shi G, Sun D, Chen R, Zhong N, Shen H, Lai K. Identification of cough-variant asthma phenotypes based on clinical and pathophysiologic data. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:622-632. [PMID: 37178731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cough-variant asthma (CVA) may respond differently to antiasthmatic treatment. There are limited data on the heterogeneity of CVA. OBJECTIVE We aimed to classify patients with CVA using cluster analysis based on clinicophysiologic parameters and to unveil the underlying molecular pathways of these phenotypes with transcriptomic data of sputum cells. METHODS We applied k-mean clustering to 342 newly physician-diagnosed patients with CVA from a prospective multicenter observational cohort using 10 prespecified baseline clinical and pathophysiologic variables. The clusters were compared according to clinical features, treatment response, and sputum transcriptomic data. RESULTS Three stable CVA clusters were identified. Cluster 1 (n = 176) was characterized by female predominance, late onset, normal lung function, and a low proportion of complete resolution of cough (60.8%) after antiasthmatic treatment. Patients in cluster 2 (n = 105) presented with young, nocturnal cough, atopy, high type 2 inflammation, and a high proportion of complete resolution of cough (73.3%) with a highly upregulated coexpression gene network that related to type 2 immunity. Patients in cluster 3 (n = 61) had high body mass index, long disease duration, family history of asthma, low lung function, and low proportion of complete resolution of cough (54.1%). TH17 immunity and type 2 immunity coexpression gene networks were both upregulated in clusters 1 and 3. CONCLUSION Three clusters of CVA were identified with different clinical, pathophysiologic, and transcriptomic features and responses to antiasthmatics treatment, which may improve our understanding of pathogenesis and help clinicians develop individualized cough treatment in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Zhan
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Huizhou the Third People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, the Second Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Yi
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanrong Dai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Suyun Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiangtao Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yadong Yuan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chen Qiu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Limin Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Meihua Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Songshan Lake Central Hospital of Dongguan City, the Third People's Hospital of Dongguan City, Dongguan, China
| | - Zhongmin Qiu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruchong Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxing Xie
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunxing Guo
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Jiang
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xinjiang Interstitial Lung Disease Clinical Medicine Research Center, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Guochao Shi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dejun Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Rongchang Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, the Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huahao Shen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kefang Lai
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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24
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Grund JC, Krammer S, Yang Z, Mitländer H, Rauh M, Zirlik S, Kiefer A, Zimmermann T, Rieker RJ, Geppert CI, Papadopoulos NG, Finotto S. Vitamin D 3 resolved human and experimental asthma via B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 in T cells and innate lymphoid cells. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. GLOBAL 2023; 2:100099. [PMID: 37779516 PMCID: PMC10510005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2023.100099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Vitamin D3 (VitD3) is known to have immunomodulatory functions, and VitD3 deficiency is associated with more severe asthma. Objective We aimed to assess the immunoregulatory effects of VitD3 food supplementation on asthma manifestation, with particular focus on T cells and type 2 innate lymphoid cells. Methods Preschool children and adult asthmatic cohorts were analyzed in the context of VitD3 supplementation and serum levels. In a murine model of ovalbumin-induced asthma, effects of diet VitD3 sufficiency and deficiency on T cells and type 2 innate lymphoid cells immune mechanisms were investigated. Results We found less severe and better-controlled asthma phenotypes along with reduced need for steroid medication in preschool children and asthmatic adults with VitD3 supplementation. VitD3 serum levels correlated with B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (Blimp-1) expression in blood peripheral mononuclear cells. VitD3-supplement-fed mice showed decreased asthmatic traits, with a decrease in IgE serum levels, reduced airway mucus, and increased IL-10 production by lung cells. Furthermore, we discovered an upregulation of effector T cells and Blimp-1+ lung tissue-resident memory T cells as well as induction of anti-inflammatory Blimp-1+ lung innate lymphoid cells producing IL-10. Conclusion Supplementing VitD3 resulted in amelioration of clinical asthma manifestations in human studies as well as in experimental allergic asthma, indicating that VitD3 shifts proinflammatory immune responses to anti-inflammatory immune responses via upregulating Blimp-1 in lung innate lymphoid cells and tissue-resident memory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina C. Grund
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne Krammer
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zuqin Yang
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hannah Mitländer
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manfred Rauh
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabine Zirlik
- I Medical Clinic, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Kiefer
- Department of Allergy and Pneumology of the Children’s Hospital, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Theodor Zimmermann
- Department of Allergy and Pneumology of the Children’s Hospital, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ralf J. Rieker
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen
| | - Carol I. Geppert
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen
| | - Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Centre for Respiratory Medicine & Allergy, Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Susetta Finotto
- Department of Molecular Pneumology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen
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25
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Wang Y, Wan R, Hu C. Leptin/obR signaling exacerbates obesity-related neutrophilic airway inflammation through inflammatory M1 macrophages. Mol Med 2023; 29:100. [PMID: 37488474 PMCID: PMC10367413 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00702-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity-related asthma is a kind of nonallergic asthma with excessive neutrophil infiltration in the airways. However, the underlying mechanisms have been poorly elucidated. Among the adipokines related to obesity, leptin is related to the inflammatory response. However, little is understood about how leptin acts on the leptin receptor (obR) in neutrophilic airway inflammation in obesity-associated asthma. We explored the inflammatory effects of leptin/obR signaling in an obesity-related neutrophilic airway inflammation mouse model. METHODS We established a neutrophilic airway inflammation mouse model using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and OVA challenge (LPS + OVA/OVA) in lean, obese, or db/db (obR deficiency) female mice. Histopathological, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) inflammatory cell, and lung inflammatory cytokine analyses were used to analyze airway inflammation severity. Western blotting, flow cytometry, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to evaluate the underlying mechanisms. In vitro bone marrow-derived macrophage (BMDM) and bone marrow-derived neutrophil experiments were performed. RESULTS We found that the serum leptin level was higher in obese than in lean female mice. Compared to LPS/OVA + OVA-treated lean female mice, LPS/OVA + OVA-treated obese female mice had higher peribronchial inflammation levels, neutrophil counts, Th1/Th17-related inflammatory cytokine levels, M1 macrophage polarization levels, and long isoform obR activation, which could be decreased by the obR blockade (Allo-Aca) or obR deficiency, suggesting a critical role of leptin/obR signaling in the pathogenesis of obesity-related neutrophilic airway inflammation in female mice. In in vitro experiments, leptin synergized with LPS/IFN-γ to promote the phosphorylation of the long isoform obR and JNK/STAT3/AKT signaling pathway members to increase M1 macrophage polarization, which was reversed by Allo-Aca. Moreover, leptin/obR-mediated M1 macrophage activity significantly elevated CXCL2 production and neutrophil recruitment by regulating the JNK/STAT3/AKT pathways. In clinical studies, obese patients with asthma had higher serum leptin levels and M1 macrophage polarization levels in induced sputum than non-obese patients with asthma. Serum leptin levels were positively correlated with M1 macrophage polarization levels in patients with asthma. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate leptin/obR signaling plays an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity-related neutrophilic airway inflammation in females by promoting M1 macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine (Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongjun Wan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine (Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengping Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine (Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Tarrant I, Finlay BB. Human milk oligosaccharides: potential therapeutic aids for allergic diseases. Trends Immunol 2023:S1471-4906(23)00111-4. [PMID: 37438187 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Childhood allergy, including asthma, eczema, and food allergies, is a major global health burden, with prevalence increasing dramatically and novel interventions needed. Emerging research suggests that human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), complex glycans found in breastmilk, have allergy-protective properties, indicating exciting therapeutic potential. This review evaluates current literature on the role of HMOs in allergy, assesses underlying immunological mechanisms, and discusses future research needed to translate findings into clinical implications. HMOs may mediate allergy risk through multiple structure-specific mechanisms, including microbiome modification, intestinal barrier maturation, immunomodulation, and gene regulation. Findings emphasize the importance of breastfeeding encouragement and HMO-supplemented formula milk for high allergy-risk infants. Although further investigation is necessary to determine the most efficacious structures against varying allergy phenotypes and their long-term efficacy, HMOs may represent a promising complementary tool for childhood allergy prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Tarrant
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - B Brett Finlay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Maniscalco M, Detoraki A, Sarnelli G, Nolano M, De Paulis A, Spadaro G, Cantone E. A Multidisciplinary Approach for Type 2 Allergic Diseases: What Do Biologics Teach Us? J Pers Med 2023; 13:941. [PMID: 37373930 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13060941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with atopic/allergic disorders, including atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic rhino-conjunctivitis (AR), chronic rhinosinusitis with/without nasal polyps (CRSwNP/CRSsNP), bronchial asthma, food allergy, and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), often share a common genetic background, a type Th2 polarized immune response, and several environmental factors [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Maniscalco
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit of Telese Terme Institute, 82037 Telese Terme, Italy
| | - Aikaterini Detoraki
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sarnelli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Nolano
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences-ENT Section, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Amato De Paulis
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Spadaro
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Cantone
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences-ENT Section, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Rojo-Tolosa S, Pineda-Lancheros LE, Gálvez-Navas JM, Sánchez-Martínez JA, González-Gutiérrez MV, Fernández-Alonso A, Morales-García C, Jiménez-Morales A, Pérez-Ramírez C. Association between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Related to Vitamin D Metabolism and the Risk of Developing Asthma. Nutrients 2023; 15:823. [PMID: 36839181 PMCID: PMC9964183 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic non-communicable disease that affects all age groups. The main challenge this condition poses is its heterogeneity. The role of vitamin D in asthma has aroused great interest, correlating low vitamin D levels and polymorphisms in the genes involved in its metabolic pathway with the risk of asthma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to the vitamin D metabolism on the susceptibility to asthma. An observational case-control study was performed, including 221 patients with asthma and 442 controls of Caucasian origin from southern Spain. The SNPs CYP24A1 (rs6068816, rs4809957), CYP27B1 (rs10877012, rs4646536, rs703842, rs3782130), GC (rs7041), CYP2R1 (rs10741657) and VDR (ApaI, BsmI, FokI, Cdx2, TaqI) were analyzed by real-time PCR, using TaqMan probes. The logistic regression model adjusted for body mass index revealed that in the genotype model, carriers of the Cdx2 rs11568820-AA genotype were associated with a higher risk of developing asthma (p = 0.005; OR = 2.73; 95% CI = 1.36-5.67; AA vs. GG). This association was maintained in the recessive model (p = 0.004). The haplotype analysis revealed an association between the ACTATGG haplotype and higher risk of asthma for the rs1544410, rs7975232, rs731236, rs4646536, rs703842, rs3782130 and rs10877012 genetic polymorphisms (p = 0.039). The other SNPs showed no effect on risk of developing asthma. The Cdx2 polymorphism was significantly associated with the susceptibility of asthma and could substantially act as a predictive biomarker of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Rojo-Tolosa
- Respiratory Medicine Department, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | | | - José María Gálvez-Navas
- Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016 Granada, Spain
- Cancer Registry of Granada, Andalusian School of Public Health, Carretera del Observatorio 4, 18011 Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - Andrea Fernández-Alonso
- Pharmacogenetics Unit, Pharmacy Service, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Jiménez-Morales
- Pharmacogenetics Unit, Pharmacy Service, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Pérez-Ramírez
- Pharmacogenetics Unit, Pharmacy Service, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016 Granada, Spain
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Tang W, Qin J, Zhou Y, Wang W, Teng F, Liu J, Yi L, Cui J, Zhu X, Wang S, Dong J, Wei Y. Regulation of ferroptosis and ACSL4-15LO1 pathway contributed to the anti-asthma effect of acupuncture. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109670. [PMID: 36603356 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Acupuncture has been frequently used in China for the treatment asthma for thousands of years. Ferroptosis was recently revealed to be involved in several pathological conditions including asthma. However, the detailed links between ferroptosis and airway inflammation in asthma, as well as the detailed regulation of acupuncture on these disorders remains unclear. Our results demonstrated that the non-haem Fe2+ level increased markedly in the lung tissue of mouse asthma model, and positively correlated with RL and IL-4 level in BALF. Furthermore, lipid peroxidation markers MDA and GSSG increased remarkably in OVA-induced experimental asthma mice. Up-regulation of lipid peroxidation associated proteins ACSL4 and15-LO1 was also observed in OVA-induced experimental asthma mice. To demonstrate the role of ferroptosis in asthma and the effect of acupuncture on these disorders, ferroptosis-induction agent erastin and ferroptosis-inhibition agent fer-1 were used, and our data demonstrated that erastin could augment lung inflammation and lipid peroxidation in OVA induced asthma model. Fer-1 was able to relieve AHR, lung inflammation, non-haem Fe2+ level, lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis related pathway ACSL4-15LO1 in OVA-induced experimental asthma mice. Acupuncture treatment alleviated RL, lung inflammation as well as type 2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 levels induced by OVA inhalation. What's more, acupuncture significantly reduced the MDA and GSSG levels, the non-haem Fe2+ level and ACSL4-15-LO1 proteins expression. Acupuncture also relieved erastin-induced exacerbation in lung inflammation and lipid peroxidation in ferroptosis. Acupuncture treatment could relieve ferroptosis related exacerbation in airway inflammation. Our study provided insights into the underlying mechanisms for the protective effects of acupuncture and highlighted a therapeutic potential of acupuncture treatment in the attenuation of lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Tang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jingjing Qin
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yaolong Zhou
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wenqian Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Fangzhou Teng
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - La Yi
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jie Cui
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xueyi Zhu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Shiyuan Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jingcheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
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Zhou Y, Qiu Y, Bao W, Han L, Xue Y, Zhang Y, Tian X, Fu Q, Lv C, Yin D, Zhang M. Evaluating the effects of vitamin D Level on airway obstruction in two asthma endotypes in humans and in two mouse models with different intake of vitamin D during early-life. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1107031. [PMID: 36793727 PMCID: PMC9922677 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1107031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Asthma is primarily divided into two categories: type 2 (T2-high) and non-type 2 (T2-low). A relationship between asthma severity and vitamin D deficiency has been identified, but its impact on each asthma endotype remains unknown. Methods We clinically examined the influence of vitamin D on patients with T2-high (n = 60) or T2-low asthma (n = 36) compared with controls (n = 40). Serum 25(OH)D levels, inflammatory cytokines and spirometry were measured. Mouse models were then used to further analyze the effects of vitamin D on both asthmatic endotypes. BALB/c mice were fed with vitamin D-deficient (LVD), -sufficient (NVD), or -supplemented diets (HVD) throughout lactation and offspring followed the same diet after weaning. Offspring were sensitized/challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) to establish "T2-high" asthma or OVA combined with ozone exposure (OVA + ozone) to induce "T2-low" asthma. Spirometry and serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and lung tissues were analyzed. Results Serum 25(OH)D levels were decreased in asthmatic patients compared with controls. Patients with vitamin D deficiency (Lo) had varying degrees of elevation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-5, IL-6, and IL-17A, decreased expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and altered forced expiratory volume in the first second as a percentage of predicted value (FEV1%pred) in both asthmatic endotypes. Vitamin D status had a stronger correlation with FEV1%pred in T2-low asthma than T2-high asthma, and 25(OH)D level was only positively linked to maximal mid-expiratory flow as a percentage of predicted value (MMEF%pred) in the T2-low group. Inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, and airway resistance (RL) was increased in both asthma models compared with controls while vitamin D deficiency further increased airway inflammation and airway obstruction. These findings were particularly prominent in T2-low asthma. Discussion The potential function and mechanisms of vitamin D and both asthma endotypes should be studied individually, and further analysis of the potential signaling pathways involved with vitamin D on T2-low asthma is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yali Qiu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wuping Bao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yishu Xue
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Tian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengjian Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongning Yin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Min Zhang,
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Ko FWS, Wang JKL, Hui DSC, Chan JWM, Cheung PS, Yeung YC, Sin KM, Ip MSM. A Multi-Center Study of the Prevalence and Characteristics of Eosinophilic Phenotype and High IgE Levels Among Chinese Patients with Severe Asthma. J Asthma Allergy 2023; 16:173-182. [PMID: 36721738 PMCID: PMC9884446 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s391970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with severe asthma have higher total- and asthma-related health burden than those whose disease is not severe. Recent medical advances in biologic therapies allow better control of asthma characterized by type 2 inflammation. Objective To study the prevalence of eosinophilic phenotype and IgE levels in Chinese with severe asthma, and the relationship of these type 2 characteristics with asthma control, exacerbations and lung function. Methods This was a multicenter cross-sectional observational study in Hong Kong, in Chinese adults with asthma on Step 4 or 5 of GINA treatment. Their blood eosinophil counts and total IgE levels were measured, and the relationship of these phenotypic parameters to the number of exacerbations in the past 12 months, and to symptom control in the past 4 weeks, were investigated. Results A total of 232 subjects were recruited from 6 centers. The mean age was 53.9±12.9 years, with 86 (37.1%) male, and the duration of diagnosed asthma was 26.2±15.7 years. A T-helper 2 (Th2) phenotype indicated by elevated eosinophils and/or IgE was present in 169 (72.8%) of patients. Of 232 patients, 43% had an eosinophilic phenotype (blood eosinophil count ≥300 cell/mm3), while 59% had high total IgE levels of >100 IU/mL (overlap with eosinophilic phenotype in 30%) and 44% had IgE levels of >150 IU/mL (overlap with eosinophilic phenotype in 22%). Subjects with eosinophilic phenotype and IgE >150 IU/mL had a higher rate (1.8 times) of uncontrolled asthma compared with those without such a combination. Conclusion In Chinese adults with severe asthma defined by the use of conventional maintenance medication regimens, the prevalence of Th2 inflammation is comparable to that reported from other ethnic populations. Those with both eosinophil count ≥300 cell/mm3 and high IgE levels >150 IU/mL had a higher rate of uncontrolled asthma compared with those without a combination of these features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Wai-San Ko
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Julie K L Wang
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - David S C Hui
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Johnny W M Chan
- Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pik-Shan Cheung
- Department of Medicine, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiu-Cheong Yeung
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kit Man Sin
- Department of Medicine, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mary Sau-Man Ip
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Mary Sau-Man Ip, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 4/F, Professorial Block, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Quaranta VN, Dragonieri S, Vulpi MR, Crimi N, Crimi C, Santus P, Menzella F, Pelaia C, Scioscia G, Caruso C, Bargagli E, Scichilone N, Carpagnano GE. High Level of Blood Eosinophils and Localization of Bronchiectasis in Patients with Severe Asthma: A Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12010380. [PMID: 36615179 PMCID: PMC9821283 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Severe asthma and bronchiectasis are heterogeneous diseases that frequently coexist. The location of bronchiectasis is generally determined by specific underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. The aim of this study was to determine whether in a population suffering from both severe asthma and bronchiectasis there was a correlation between eosinophilic inflammation and localization of bronchiectasis. Methods. We enrolled 41 patients with coexisting bronchiectasis from eight different severe asthma center outpatient clinics and collected the following data: baseline characteristics, Asthma Control Test, Asthma Control Questionnaire, IgE level, blood count, high-resolution computed tomography and bronchiectasis-related parameters, skin prick test, FeNO50 and flow-volume spirometry. The study was retrospectively registered. Results. The presence of eosinophils > 1000 cells/μL was related to distribution of lower pulmonary bronchiectasis (9.1% upper lobes vs. 53.3% lower lobes, p = 0.014). Indeed, the presence of eosinophilic counts > 1000 increased the probability of lower localization of bronchiectasis compared to upper lobes (ODD 0.088 (0.010−0.772), p = 0.028). Conclusions. An increase in blood eosinophils > 1000 cells/μL seems to be associated with lower preferential localization of bronchiectasis with sparing of the upper lung lobes. This could represent a new potential radiological phenotype that could have a dedicated therapeutic strategy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaliano Nicola Quaranta
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Section of Respiratory Disease, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Silvano Dragonieri
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Section of Respiratory Disease, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Rosaria Vulpi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Section of Respiratory Disease, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Nunzio Crimi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Medicine, Section of Respiratory Diseases, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Claudia Crimi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Medicine, Section of Respiratory Diseases, University of Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | - Pierachille Santus
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Division of Respiratory Diseases, “L.Sacco” University Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Menzella
- Pulmonology Unit, S. Valentino Hospital, Montebelluna (TV), AULSS 2 Marca Trevigiana, 31044 Montebelluna, Italy
| | - Corrado Pelaia
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Respiratory Disease, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giulia Scioscia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital Policlinico Riuniti of Foggia, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Cristiano Caruso
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOSD DH Gastroenterology, Polyclinic Foundation a. Gemelli IRCCS Cattolica University del Sacro Cuore, 00186 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Bargagli
- Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplant Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | - Giovanna Elisiana Carpagnano
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Section of Respiratory Disease, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
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Jorde I, Schreiber J, Stegemann-Koniszewski S. The Role of Staphylococcus aureus and Its Toxins in the Pathogenesis of Allergic Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010654. [PMID: 36614093 PMCID: PMC9820472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchial asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide and affects more than 300 million patients. Allergic asthma affects the majority of asthmatic children as well as approximately 50% of adult asthmatics. It is characterized by a Th2-mediated immune response against aeroallergens. Many aspects of the overall pathophysiology are known, while the underlying mechanisms and predisposing factors remain largely elusive today. Over the last decade, respiratory colonization with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), a Gram-positive facultative bacterial pathogen, came into focus as a risk factor for the development of atopic respiratory diseases. More than 30% of the world’s population is constantly colonized with S. aureus in their nasopharynx. This colonization is mostly asymptomatic, but in immunocompromised patients, it can lead to serious complications including pneumonia, sepsis, or even death. S. aureus is known for its ability to produce a wide range of proteins including toxins, serine-protease-like proteins, and protein A. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge about the pathophysiology of allergic asthma and to what extent it can be affected by different toxins produced by S. aureus. Intensifying this knowledge might lead to new preventive strategies for atopic respiratory diseases.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide a literature review of what is on the market and under study for some diseases treated with drugs targeting type 2 (T2) inflammation. RECENT FINDINGS Literature data have shown that drugs targeting type 2 inflammation are effective in asthma and nasal polyposis, conditions for which they are on the market, and have promising expectations in the case of eosinophilic esophagitis, especially using anti-IL-5/IL-5 receptor and IL-4 receptor antibodies, while concerning eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis (EGPA), mepolizumab (MEP) was approved by FDA and EMA as a drug for the treatment of this condition because of the promising results obtained in trials and in real life. SUMMARY The use of these drugs is certainly an important achievement in the treatment of complex diseases such as those mentioned above, which are too often orphaned from innovative treatments and limited to the use of immunosuppressants and systemic corticosteroid for their control.
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Rhinovirus Infection and Virus-Induced Asthma. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122616. [PMID: 36560620 PMCID: PMC9781665 DOI: 10.3390/v14122616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
While the aetiology of asthma is unclear, the onset and/or exacerbation of asthma may be associated with respiratory infections. Virus-induced asthma is also known as virus-associated/triggered asthma, and the reported main causative agent is rhinovirus (RV). Understanding the relationship between viral infections and asthma may overcome the gaps in deferential immunity between viral infections and allergies. Moreover, understanding the complicated cytokine networks involved in RV infection may be necessary. Therefore, the complexity of RV-induced asthma is not only owing to the response of airway and immune cells against viral infection, but also to allergic immune responses caused by the wide variety of cytokines produced by these cells. To better understand RV-induced asthma, it is necessary to elucidate the nature RV infections and the corresponding host defence mechanisms. In this review, we attempt to organise the complexity of RV-induced asthma to make it easily understandable for readers.
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Maffeis L, Agostoni CV, Marafon DP, Terranova L, Giavoli C, Milani GP, Lelii M, Madini B, Marchisio P, Patria MF. Cytokines Profile and Lung Function in Children with Obesity and Asthma: A Case Control Study. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9101462. [PMID: 36291398 PMCID: PMC9600361 DOI: 10.3390/children9101462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The existence of common inflammatory biomarkers linking obesity and asthma in children has been hypothesized. Nevertheless, laboratory and clinical characteristics of children with obesity and asthma are still poorly defined. The primary aim of the present study is to investigate the lung function and the cytokine profile, in children with obesity and asthma. In this prospective, cross-sectional pilot study, pulmonary function tests, biochemical parameters, and serum cytokines levels were compared in three groups of 28 children each, matched for age and sex. Obese children showed normal forced spirometry values except an increased distal airway resistance in subjects with obesity and no asthma. Both groups including obese children showed higher leptin and IL-10 levels and lower adiponectin and TNF-alpha levels compared to children with no obesity and asthma. IL-33 and TGF-beta1 levels were higher in children with obesity and asthma vs. children with normal weight and asthma. Finally, IL-6 was undetectable in approximately 70% of obese children with no asthma, in 57% obese asthmatic children and in 100% of children with normal-weight and asthma. Children with obesity and asthma show the most striking cytokine profile, suggesting a pro-inflammatory role of fat mass in asthma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Maffeis
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo V. Agostoni
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- DISCCO, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Denise Pires Marafon
- Section of Hygiene, University Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Terranova
- Internal Medicine Department, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Giavoli
- DISCCO, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Gregorio P. Milani
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- DISCCO, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Mara Lelii
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Madini
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Marchisio
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- DEPT, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - M. Francesca Patria
- Pediatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Witt A, Douglass JA, Harun NS. Overview of recent advancements in asthma management. Intern Med J 2022; 52:1478-1487. [PMID: 36100569 DOI: 10.1111/imj.15904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a common but complex heterogenous inflammatory airway disorder. Despite significant developments in our understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment of asthma, it remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity. Optimal management involves addressing modifiable risk factors, titration of inhaled pharmacotherapy in a stepwise approach and, in severe disease, consideration of biologic agents. Appreciation of the clinical characteristics of asthma and recognition of the immune pathways involved has allowed the development of phenotypic and endotypic subtypes of asthma to be better defined. This has revolutionised asthma management, allowing risk stratification of patients, targeted use of biologic agents to modify cytokine responses that drive asthma and improved patient outcomes. Patient education and engagement are critical to the management of this disease in an era of personalised medicine and a rapidly changing global environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh Witt
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jo A Douglass
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nur-Shirin Harun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Athanazio R, Stelmach R, Antila M, Souza-Machado A, Arruda LK, Cerci Neto A, Serpa FS, Blanco DC, Lima M, Bianchi Júnior P, Penha M, Rabahi MF. Prevalence of the eosinophilic phenotype among severe asthma patients in Brazil: the BRAEOS study. JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE PNEUMOLOGIA : PUBLICACAO OFICIAL DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE PNEUMOLOGIA E TISILOGIA 2022; 48:e20210367. [PMID: 35830052 PMCID: PMC9262440 DOI: 10.36416/1806-3756/e20210367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To assess the prevalence of the eosinophilic and allergic phenotypes of severe asthma in Brazil, as well as to investigate the clinical characteristics of severe asthma patients in the country. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of adult patients diagnosed with severe asthma and managed at specialized centers in Brazil. The study was conducted in 2019. Results: A total of 385 patients were included in the study. Of those, 154 had a blood eosinophil count > 300 cells/mm3 and 231 had a blood eosinophil count of ≤ 300 cells/mm3. The median age was 54.0 years, and most of the patients were female, with a BMI of 29.0 kg/m2 and a history of allergy (81.6%). The prevalence of patients with a blood eosinophil count > 300 cells/mm3 was 40.0% (95% CI: 35.1-44.9), and that of those with a blood eosinophil count > 300 cells/mm3 and a history of allergy was 31.9% (95% CI: 27.3-36.6). Age and BMI showed positive associations with a blood eosinophil count > 300 cells/mm3 (OR = 0.97, p < 0.0001; and OR = 0.96, p = 0.0233, respectively), whereas the time elapsed since the onset of asthma symptoms showed an increased association with a blood eosinophil count > 300 cells/mm3 (OR = 1.02, p = 0.0011). Conclusions: This study allowed us to characterize the population of severe asthma patients in Brazil, showing the prevalence of the eosinophilic phenotype (in 40% of the sample). Our results reveal the relevance of the eosinophilic phenotype of severe asthma at a national level, contributing to increased effectiveness in managing the disease and implementing public health strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Athanazio
- . Divisão de Pneumologia, Instituto do Coração - InCor - Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (SP) Brasil
| | - Rafael Stelmach
- . Divisão de Pneumologia, Instituto do Coração - InCor - Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (SP) Brasil
| | - Martti Antila
- . Consultoria Médica e Pesquisa Clínica - CMPC - Sorocaba (SP) Brasil
| | - Adelmir Souza-Machado
- . Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador (BA) Brasil
| | - L Karla Arruda
- . Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto (SP) Brasil
| | | | - Faradiba Sarquis Serpa
- . Escola Superior de Ciências da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória, Vitória (ES) Brasil
| | - Daniela Cavalet Blanco
- . Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre (RS) Brasil
| | - Marina Lima
- . Hospital Dia do Pulmão, Blumenau (SC) Brasil
| | - Pedro Bianchi Júnior
- . Divisão de Imunologia Clínica e Alergia, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo (SP) Brasil
| | | | - Marcelo Fouad Rabahi
- . Departamento de Clínica Médica-Pneumologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia (GO) Brasil
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Wang MC, Huang WC, Chen LC, Yeh KW, Lin CF, Liou CJ. Sophoraflavanone G from Sophora flavescens Ameliorates Allergic Airway Inflammation by Suppressing Th2 Response and Oxidative Stress in a Murine Asthma Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116104. [PMID: 35682783 PMCID: PMC9181790 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sophoraflavanone G (SG), isolated from Sophora flavescens, has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor bioactive properties. We previously showed that SG promotes apoptosis in human breast cancer cells and leukemia cells and reduces the inflammatory response in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. We investigated whether SG attenuates airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) and airway inflammation in asthmatic mice. We also assessed its effects on the anti-inflammatory response in human tracheal epithelial cells. Female BALB/c mice were sensitized with ovalbumin, and asthmatic mice were treated with SG by intraperitoneal injection. We also exposed human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells to different concentrations of SG to evaluate its effects on inflammatory cytokine levels. SG treatment significantly reduced AHR, eosinophil infiltration, goblet cell hyperplasia, and airway inflammation in the lungs of asthmatic mice. In the lungs of ovalbumin-sensitized mice, SG significantly promoted superoxide dismutase and glutathione expression and attenuated malondialdehyde levels. SG also suppressed levels of Th2 cytokines and chemokines in lung and bronchoalveolar lavage samples. In addition, we confirmed that SG decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine, chemokine, and eotaxin expression in inflammatory BEAS-2B cells. Taken together, our data demonstrate that SG shows potential as an immunomodulator that can improve asthma symptoms by decreasing airway-inflammation-related oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Chun Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33378, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Chung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan;
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (L.-C.C.); (K.-W.Y.)
- Department of Pediatrics, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital (Built and Operated by Chang Gung Medical Foundation), New Taipei 23656, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chen Chen
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (L.-C.C.); (K.-W.Y.)
- Department of Pediatrics, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital (Built and Operated by Chang Gung Medical Foundation), New Taipei 23656, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Yeh
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (L.-C.C.); (K.-W.Y.)
| | - Chwan-Fwu Lin
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-F.L.); (C.-J.L.); Tel.: +886-3-2118999 (ext. 5707) (C.-F.L.); +886-3-2118999 (ext. 5607) (C.-J.L.)
| | - Chian-Jiun Liou
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (L.-C.C.); (K.-W.Y.)
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-F.L.); (C.-J.L.); Tel.: +886-3-2118999 (ext. 5707) (C.-F.L.); +886-3-2118999 (ext. 5607) (C.-J.L.)
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Caminati M, Batani V, Guidolin L, Festi G, Senna G. One-year mepolizumab for Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: Focus on steroid sparing effect and markers of response. Eur J Intern Med 2022; 99:112-115. [PMID: 34998664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2021.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Caminati
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | | | - Lucia Guidolin
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giuliana Festi
- Pneumology Unit, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Gianenrico Senna
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; Allergy Unit and Asthma Center, University of Verona and Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy.
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Ye Y, Luo J, Zeng N, Jiang S, Chen W, Hoyle RD, Klenerman P, Pavord ID, Xue L. Neuromedin U promotes human type 2 immune responses. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:990-999. [PMID: 35810259 PMCID: PMC9385483 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00543-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 immunity mediates the immune responses against parasites and allergic stimuli. Evidence from studies of cell lines and animals implies that neuromedin U (NmU) acts as a pro-inflammatory mediator of type 2 inflammation. However, the role of NmU in human type 2 immunity remains unclear. Here we investigated the expression of NmU in human blood and airways, and the expression of NmU receptors by human immune cells in blood and lung tissue. We detected human NmU (hNmU-25) in blood and airways with higher concentrations in the latter. NmU receptor 1 (NmUR1) was expressed by most human immune cells with higher levels in type 2 cells including type 2 T helpers, type 2 cytotoxic T cells, group-2 innate lymphoid cells and eosinophils, and was upregulated in lung-resident and activated type 2 cells. We also assessed the effects of NmU in these cells. hNmU-25 elicited type 2 cytokine production by type 2 lymphocytes and induced cell migration, including eosinophils. hNmU-25 also enhanced the type 2 immune response to other stimuli, particularly prostaglandin D2. These results indicate that NmU could contribute to the pathogenic processes of type 2 immunity-mediated diseases in humans via its pro-inflammatory effects on type 2 lymphocytes and eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ye
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jian Luo
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ni Zeng
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Shan Jiang
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Wentao Chen
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ryan D Hoyle
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit and Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ian D Pavord
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Luzheng Xue
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Wu SJ, Huang WC, Cheng CY, Wang MC, Cheng SC, Liou CJ. Fisetin Suppresses the Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress in Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091841. [PMID: 35565807 PMCID: PMC9103812 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fisetin is isolated from many fruits and vegetables and has been confirmed to improve airway hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic mice. However, whether fisetin reduces inflammatory response and oxidative stress in bronchial epithelial cells is unclear. Here, BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells were treated with various concentrations of fisetin and then stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or TNF-α/interleukin-4. In addition, ovalbumin-sensitized mice were treated with fisetin to detect inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress expression. Fisetin significantly reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in TNF-α-stimulated BEAS-2B cells. Fisetin also attenuated intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in TNF-α-stimulated BEAS-2B cells, suppressing THP-1 monocyte adhesion. Furthermore, fisetin significantly suppressed airway hyperresponsiveness in the lungs and decreased eosinophil numbers in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of asthmatic mice. Fisetin decreased cyclooxygenase-2 expression, promoted glutathione levels, and decreased malondialdehyde levels in the lungs of asthmatic mice. Our findings indicate that fisetin is a potential immunomodulator that can improve the pathological features of asthma by decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ju Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan;
- Aesthetic Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan; (W.-C.H.); (C.-Y.C.)
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital (Built and Operated by Chang Gung Medical Foundation), New Taipei 23656, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan; (W.-C.H.); (C.-Y.C.)
- Department of Pulmonary Infection and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chun Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan;
| | - Shu-Chen Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan; (W.-C.H.); (C.-Y.C.)
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (S.-C.C.); (C.-J.L.); Tel.: +886-3-2118293 (S.-C.C.); +886-3-2118999 (ext. 5607) (C.-J.L.)
| | - Chian-Jiun Liou
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-C.C.); (C.-J.L.); Tel.: +886-3-2118293 (S.-C.C.); +886-3-2118999 (ext. 5607) (C.-J.L.)
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Maurer DJ, Liu C, Xepapadaki P, Stanic B, Bachert C, Finotto S, Gao Y, Graser A, Jartti T, Kistler W, Kowalski M, Lukkarinen H, Pasioti M, Tan G, Villiger M, Zhang L, Zhang N, Akdis M, Papadopoulos NG, Akdis CA. Physical activity in asthma control and its immune modulatory effect in asthmatic preschoolers. Allergy 2022; 77:1216-1230. [PMID: 34547110 PMCID: PMC9291774 DOI: 10.1111/all.15105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of physical activity on immune response is a hot topic in exercise immunology, but studies involving asthmatic children are scarce. Our aims were to examine whether there were any differences in the level of physical activity and daily TV attendance, to assess its role on asthma control and immune responses to various immune stimulants. METHODS Weekly physical activity and daily television attendance were obtained from questionnaires at inclusion of the PreDicta study. PBMC cultures were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), R848, poly I:C, and zymosan. A panel of cytokines was measured and quantified in cell culture supernatants using luminometric multiplex immunofluorescence beads-based assay. RESULTS Asthmatic preschoolers showed significantly more TV attendance than their healthy peers (58.6% vs. 41.5% 1-3 h daily and only 25.7% vs. 47.2% ≤1 h daily) and poor asthma control was associated with less frequent physical activity (PA) (75% no or occasional activity in uncontrolled vs. 20% in controlled asthma; 25% ≥3 times weekly vs. 62%). Asthmatics with increased PA exhibited elevated cytokine levels in response to polyclonal stimulants, suggesting a readiness of circulating immune cells for type 1, 2, and 17 cytokine release compared to subjects with low PA and high TV attendance. This may also represent a proinflammatory state in high PA asthmatic children. Low physical activity and high TV attendance were associated with a decrease in proinflammatory cytokines. Proinflammatory cytokines were correlating with each other in in vitro immune responses of asthmatic children, but not healthy controls, this correlation was more pronounced in children with sedentary behavior. CONCLUSION Asthmatic children show more sedentary behavior than healthy subjects, while poor asthma control is associated with a substantial decrease in physical activity. Our results suggest that asthmatic children may profit from regular exercise, as elevated cytokine levels in stimulated conditions indicate an immune system prepared for responding strongly in case of different types of infections. However, it has to be considered that a hyperinflammatory state in high PA may not be beneficial in asthmatic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie J. Maurer
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Swiss Research Institute for Sports Medicine (SRISM) Davos Switzerland
- Department of Sports Medicine Davos Hospital Davos Switzerland
| | - Chengyao Liu
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Paraskevi Xepapadaki
- Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Barbara Stanic
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Claus Bachert
- Upper Airway Research Laboratory Ghent University Hospital Ghent Belgium
| | - Susetta Finotto
- Department of Molecular Pneumology Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen Erlangen Germany
| | - Ya‐Dong Gao
- Department of Allergology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Anna Graser
- Department of Molecular Pneumology Friedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen Erlangen Germany
| | - Tuomas Jartti
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine University of Turku and Turku University Hospital Turku Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center University of Oulu Oulu Finland
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Oulu University Hospital Oulu Finland
| | - Walter Kistler
- Swiss Research Institute for Sports Medicine (SRISM) Davos Switzerland
- Department of Sports Medicine Davos Hospital Davos Switzerland
| | - Marek Kowalski
- Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy Central University Hospital Lodz Poland
| | - Heikki Lukkarinen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine University of Turku and Turku University Hospital Turku Finland
| | - Maria Pasioti
- Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Ge Tan
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Michael Villiger
- Swiss Research Institute for Sports Medicine (SRISM) Davos Switzerland
- Department of Sports Medicine Davos Hospital Davos Switzerland
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
- Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Upper Airway Research Laboratory Ghent University Hospital Ghent Belgium
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos
- Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
- Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Swiss Research Institute for Sports Medicine (SRISM) Davos Switzerland
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education Davos Switzerland
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Salameh L, Bhamidimarri PM, Saheb Sharif-Askari N, Dairi Y, Hammoudeh SM, Mahdami A, Alsharhan M, Tirmazy SH, Rawat SS, Busch H, Hamid Q, Al Heialy S, Hamoudi R, Mahboub B. In Silico Bioinformatics Followed by Molecular Validation Using Archival FFPE Tissue Biopsies Identifies a Panel of Transcripts Associated with Severe Asthma and Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071663. [PMID: 35406434 PMCID: PMC8996975 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The present study identified a panel of transcripts involved in the pathogenesis of both severe asthma and lung cancer. The genes identified using publicly available transcriptomics data were validated on cell lines, plasma samples, and archival tissue biopsies from asthmatic and lung cancer patients. The functional roles of the identified markers in both the diseases were ascertained from the literature. These molecular markers might be useful for diagnosing lung cancer at early stages. Abstract Severe asthma and lung cancer are both heterogeneous pathological diseases affecting the lung tissue. Whilst there are a few studies that suggest an association between asthma and lung cancer, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to identify common genes involved in both severe asthma and lung cancer. Publicly available transcriptomic data for 23 epithelial brushings from severe asthmatics and 55 samples of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) lung cancer tissue at relatively early stages were analyzed by absolute gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) in comparison to 37 healthy bronchial tissue samples. The key pathways enriched in asthmatic patients included adhesion, extracellular matrix, and epithelial cell proliferation, which contribute to tissue remodeling. In the lung cancer dataset, the main pathways identified were receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, wound healing, and growth factor response, representing the early cancer pathways. Analysis of the enriched genes derived from the pathway analysis identified seven genes expressed in both the asthma and lung cancer sets: BCL3, POSTN, PPARD, STAT1, MYC, CD44, and FOSB. The differential expression of these genes was validated in vitro in the cell lines retrieved from different lung cancer and severe asthma patients using real-time PCR. The effect of the expression of the seven genes identified in the study on the overall survival of lung cancer patients (n = 1925) was assessed using a Kaplan–Meier plot. In vivo validation performed in the archival biopsies obtained from patients diagnosed with both the disease conditions provided interesting insights into the pathogenesis of severe asthma and lung cancer, as indicated by the differential expression pattern of the seven transcripts in the mixed group as compared to the asthmatics and lung cancer samples alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Salameh
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (L.S.); (P.M.B.); (N.S.S.-A.); (S.M.H.); (A.M.); (Q.H.)
- Dubai Health Authority, Dubai 4545, United Arab Emirates; (Y.D.); (M.A.); (S.H.T.); (B.M.)
| | - Poorna Manasa Bhamidimarri
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (L.S.); (P.M.B.); (N.S.S.-A.); (S.M.H.); (A.M.); (Q.H.)
| | - Narjes Saheb Sharif-Askari
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (L.S.); (P.M.B.); (N.S.S.-A.); (S.M.H.); (A.M.); (Q.H.)
| | - Youssef Dairi
- Dubai Health Authority, Dubai 4545, United Arab Emirates; (Y.D.); (M.A.); (S.H.T.); (B.M.)
| | - Sarah Musa Hammoudeh
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (L.S.); (P.M.B.); (N.S.S.-A.); (S.M.H.); (A.M.); (Q.H.)
| | - Amena Mahdami
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (L.S.); (P.M.B.); (N.S.S.-A.); (S.M.H.); (A.M.); (Q.H.)
| | - Mouza Alsharhan
- Dubai Health Authority, Dubai 4545, United Arab Emirates; (Y.D.); (M.A.); (S.H.T.); (B.M.)
| | - Syed Hammad Tirmazy
- Dubai Health Authority, Dubai 4545, United Arab Emirates; (Y.D.); (M.A.); (S.H.T.); (B.M.)
| | - Surendra Singh Rawat
- Collage of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 505055, United Arab Emirates; (S.S.R.); (S.A.H.)
| | - Hauke Busch
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23562, Germany;
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (L.S.); (P.M.B.); (N.S.S.-A.); (S.M.H.); (A.M.); (Q.H.)
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Healthy Center, Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Saba Al Heialy
- Collage of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 505055, United Arab Emirates; (S.S.R.); (S.A.H.)
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Healthy Center, Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; (L.S.); (P.M.B.); (N.S.S.-A.); (S.M.H.); (A.M.); (Q.H.)
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +971-6505-7758
| | - Bassam Mahboub
- Dubai Health Authority, Dubai 4545, United Arab Emirates; (Y.D.); (M.A.); (S.H.T.); (B.M.)
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Aktar A, Shan L, Koussih L, Almiski MS, Basu S, Halayko A, Okwor I, Uzonna JE, Gounni AS. PlexinD1 Deficiency in Lung Interstitial Macrophages Exacerbates House Dust Mite-Induced Allergic Asthma. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:1272-1279. [PMID: 35110420 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial macrophages (IMs) are key regulators of allergic inflammation. We previously showed that the absence of semaphorin 3E (Sema3E) exacerbates asthma features in both acute and chronic asthma models. However, it has not been studied whether Sema3E, via its receptor plexinD1, regulates IM function in allergic asthma. Therefore, we investigated the role of plexinD1 deficiency on IMs in allergic asthma. We found that the absence of plexinD1 in IMs increased airway hyperresponsiveness, airway leukocyte numbers, allergen-specific IgE, goblet cell hyperplasia, and Th2/Th17 cytokine response in the house dust mite (HDM)-induced allergic asthma model. Muc5ac, Muc5b, and α-SMA genes were increased in mice with Plxnd1-deficient IMs compared with wild-type mice. Furthermore, plexinD1-deficient bone marrow-derived macrophages displayed reduced IL-10 mRNA expression, at both the baseline and following HDM challenge, compared with their wild-type counterpart mice. Our data suggest that Sema3E/plexinD1 signaling in IMs is a critical pathway that modulates airway inflammation, airway resistance, and tissue remodeling in the HDM murine model of allergic asthma. Reduced IL-10 expression by plexinD1-deficient macrophages may account for these enhanced allergic asthma features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amena Aktar
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Lianyu Shan
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Latifa Koussih
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Experimental Biology, Université de Saint-Boniface, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Mohamed S Almiski
- Department of Pathology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; and
| | - Sujata Basu
- Department of Physiology and Physiopathology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Andrew Halayko
- Department of Physiology and Physiopathology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ifeoma Okwor
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jude E Uzonna
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Abdelilah S Gounni
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada;
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Zhou Y, Zhao H, Wang T, Zhao X, Wang J, Wang Q. Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-asthmatic Effects of TMDCT Decoction in Eosinophilic Asthma Through Treg/Th17 Balance. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:819728. [PMID: 35211018 PMCID: PMC8861319 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.819728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuo-Min-Ding-Chuan decoction (TMDCT) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula consisting of twelve herbs that can relieve the symptoms and treat allergic asthma. Yet, the underlying mechanism of action is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of TMDCT in regulating Treg/Th17 cells immune balance and explored potential metabolic and gut biomarkers associated with Treg and Th17 cells in eosinophilic asthma mice treated by TMDCT. We found that TMDCT increases Treg cells percentage and decreases Th17 cells percentage in the ovalbumin (OVA) -induced eosinophilic asthma mice model. Furthermore, Imidazoleacetic acid, dL-glutamine, L-pyroglutamic acid, 2-deoxy-d-glucose were preliminary identified as biomarkers in plasma metabolites treated by TMDCT, meanwhile genus Desulfovibrio, genus Butyricimonas and genus Prevotella 9 were preliminary identified as gut microbiota biomarkers after TMDCT treatment. These results provide an experimental foundation for the treatment of allergic asthma with Chinese herbal compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Zhou
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haihong Zhao
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tieshan Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhao
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ji Wang
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Agnuside mitigates OVA-LPS induced perturbed lung homeostasis via modulating inflammatory, autophagy, apoptosis-fibrosis response and myeloid lineages in mice model of allergic asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 106:108579. [PMID: 35144202 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Attributes of agnuside, a nontoxic, iridoid glycoside have been advocated for inflammatory disorders. However, information on its efficacy in alleviating allergic asthma largely remain ambiguous and yet to be deciphered. Present study aimed to assess efficacy of agnuside in targeting vicious circle of oxi-inflammation, autophagy and fibrosis, together with investigating its underlying molecular mechanism during OVA-LPS induced allergic asthma. Results revealed that agnuside showed prophylactic effect in assuaging asthmatic lung architecture impairment (p ≤ 0.01) as indicated by suppression of inflammatory cell infiltration, congestion, fibrosis, airway remodeling and alveolar collapse in OVA-LPS sensitized group. Decreased expression level (p ≤ 0.05) of allergic inflammatory mediators such as IgE, Th1/Th2, IL-4/IFN-γ, IL-4/IL-10, chemokines, endopeptidases and TGF-β, Smad2/4, Caspase9/3, connexin 43/50 observed in agnuside treatments. Analysis of redox molecular signaling cascade and autophagic proteins revealed concurrent upregulation in p-NF-κB, p-PI3K, p-Akt, p-p38, p-Stat3 activation, GATA3, LC3B expression and reduction in Bcl2/Bax, Beclin1 and p62 expression in sensitized mice (p ≤ 0.05) which were intensely counteracted by administration of agnuside. Suppression in myeloid cells activation and augmentation (p ≤ 0.001) of Tregs established modulatory attribute of agnuside for innate and adaptive immune response during allergic asthma. Collectively, these outcomes confer prophylactic attribute of agnuside and signify it as promising strategy to thwart allergic asthma.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to provide a synthesis of recent discoveries about type-2 innate lymphoid cells, especially, as they relate to the pathogenesis of asthma. RECENT FINDINGS We focused on features and characteristics of type-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) that distinguish them from other type-2 cells, especially Th2 cells. We collected and reviewed data related to human asthma and airway ILC2s. We examined the concept of ILC2 memory and trained immunity. We also analyzed steroid resistance of ILC2s, which is relevant for steroid-resistant asthma. SUMMARY The implications of the findings include an understanding of ILC2 inflammation, and pathways and molecules that can be targeted by biologics and other therapeutic agents for management severe and steroid-resistant asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Verma
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Divya Verma
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Rafeul Alam
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
- University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado
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Jin J, Sunusi S, Lu H. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are important in typical type 2 immune-mediated diseases and an essential therapeutic target. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605211053156. [PMID: 35048721 PMCID: PMC8796086 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211053156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence rate of allergic diseases, such as asthma, atopic rhinitis (AR), and atopic dermatitis (AD), has been significantly increasing over the years because of environmental changes. Type 2 immunity is mediated by allergic inflammation initiated by an innate immune response. This response is orchestrated by type 2 cytokines (interleukin [IL]-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13) together with other cells. The dendritic cell [DC]-T helper 2 (Th2) cell axis is the conventional type 2 immune pathway, and is currently known as the group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2)-DC-Th2 axis that mediates type 2 inflammation. ILC2s strongly mediate type 2 inflammation in allergic diseases. ILC2s are activated by epithelial cell-derived cytokines, such as IL-25 and IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin. Additionally, ILC2s are activated by mast cell lipid inflammatory mediators, such as cysteinyl leukotrienes and prostaglandin D2. ILC2s produce a large amount of type 2 cytokines. The important role of ILC2s in the pathogenesis of type 2-mediated disease has resulted in ILC2-derived cytokines being a target for therapeutic development. In this review, we discuss type 2 immunity, mainly the ILC2-DC-Th2 axis, and other immune cells, the dominant role of ILC2s in asthma, AR, and AD, and therapeutic targets against type 2 cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sadik Sunusi
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongyan Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
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Pairwise indirect treatment comparison of dupilumab versus other biologics in patients with uncontrolled persistent asthma. Respir Med 2022; 191:105991. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2020.105991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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