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Geraz H, Pinello K, Mendonça D, Severo M, Niza-Ribeiro J. Investigating the Life Expectancy at Birth of Companion Dogs in Portugal Using Official National Registry Data. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2141. [PMID: 39123667 PMCID: PMC11311093 DOI: 10.3390/ani14152141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to provide a comprehensive picture of the life expectancy of dogs in Portugal, focusing on the impact of diverse factors including breed, sex, size, and skull shape. The final dataset, gathering data from the national registry database, consisted of 278,116 dogs with confirmed deaths. The mean lifespan at birth for all the dogs was around 8.91 years, with the female dogs tended to have a similar lifespan to male dogs. The analysis of life expectancy at birth for the 20 most common non-Portuguese breeds and 10 Portuguese breeds revealed that Yorkshire Terriers had the highest life expectancy (10.89 years) and French Bulldogs the lowest (6.27 years). Size and cephalic index were found to be influential factors, with large brachycephalic breeds exhibiting shorter life expectancies and smaller, mesocephalic breeds experiencing longer lifespans. Additionally, the cephalic index had a more substantial impact on life expectancy compared to body size. These findings enhance the understanding of the factors influencing canine longevity and aid in developing strategies to improve the health and lifespan of companion dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Geraz
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (K.P.); (D.M.); (J.N.-R.)
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde Pública e Forenses e Educação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Katia Pinello
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (K.P.); (D.M.); (J.N.-R.)
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal;
- Vet-OncoNet, Departamento de Estudo de Populações, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Denisa Mendonça
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (K.P.); (D.M.); (J.N.-R.)
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Milton Severo
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal;
| | - João Niza-Ribeiro
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (K.P.); (D.M.); (J.N.-R.)
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal;
- Vet-OncoNet, Departamento de Estudo de Populações, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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2
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Rebhun RB, York D, De Graaf FMD, Yoon P, Batcher KL, Luker ME, Ryan S, Peyton J, Kent MS, Stern JA, Bannasch DL. A variant in the 5'UTR of ERBB4 is associated with lifespan in Golden Retrievers. GeroScience 2024; 46:2849-2862. [PMID: 37855863 PMCID: PMC11009206 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00968-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in long-lived human populations have led to identification of variants associated with Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular disease, the latter being the most common cause of mortality in people worldwide. In contrast, naturally occurring cancer represents the leading cause of death in pet dogs, and specific breeds like the Golden Retriever (GR) carry up to a 65% cancer-related death rate. We hypothesized that GWAS of long-lived GRs might lead to the identification of genetic variants capable of modifying longevity within this cancer-predisposed breed. A GWAS was performed comparing GR dogs ≥ 14 years to dogs dying prior to age 12 which revealed a significant association to ERBB4, the only member of the epidermal growth factor receptor family capable of serving as both a tumor suppressor gene and an oncogene. No coding variants were identified, however, distinct haplotypes in the 5'UTR were associated with reduced lifespan in two separate populations of GR dogs. When all GR dogs were analyzed together (n = 304), the presence of haplotype 3 was associated with shorter survival (11.8 years vs. 12.8 years, p = 0.024). GRs homozygous for haplotype 3 had the shortest survival, and GRs homozygous for haplotype 1 had the longest survival (11.6 years vs. 13.5 years, p = 0.0008). Sub-analyses revealed that the difference in lifespan for GRs carrying at least 1 copy of haplotype 3 was specific to female dogs (p = 0.009), whereas survival remained significantly different in both male and female GRs homozygous for haplotype 1 or haplotype 3 (p = 0.026 and p = 0.009, respectively). Taken together, these findings implicate a potential role for ERBB4 in GR longevity and provide evidence that within-breed canine lifespan studies could serve as a mechanism to identify favorable or disease-modifying variants important to the axis of aging and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Rebhun
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Daniel York
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Flora M D De Graaf
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Paula Yoon
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kevin L Batcher
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Madison E Luker
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie Ryan
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jamie Peyton
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Kent
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Joshua A Stern
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Danika L Bannasch
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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3
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von Rentzell KA, Bratiotis C, Protopopova A. "It's my calling", Canadian dog rescuers' motives and experiences for engaging in international dog rescue efforts. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300104. [PMID: 38820400 PMCID: PMC11142615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The importation of rescue dogs has become an increasingly common occurrence in recent years, often involving industrialized countries as the ultimate destination. However, international dog rescue activities have attracted considerable criticism from the veterinary community and the public due to the associated zoonotic disease and public health risks, as well as the potential poor behaviour of international rescue dogs. The Government of Canada has also recently placed a temporary suspension on all commercial dog imports from non-rabies free countries due to the growing concerns of the zoonotic disease risks. To understand the perspectives and experiences of stakeholders involved in dog import activities in Canada, we interviewed nine members in leadership positions of Canadian-based international dog rescue organizations. Thematic analysis of interview dialogue yielded three themes: 1) Motive, which described the reason behind participants' involvement in international dog rescue; 2) Challenge, which described the major difficulties faced in participants' dog rescue work; 3) Duty, which described participants' beliefs on responsible dog rescue practices. Members of international dog rescue organizations described being driven by strong desires to provide animal and humanitarian aid. However, local dog rescue efforts were constrained by logistical and societal barriers unique to the Canadian context. Additionally, the current study revealed both similarities and differences in occupational experiences between international dog rescue organizations and other animal care professions. Specifically, difficulties with the emotional burden associated with caregiving professions was also present within dog rescue work. However, international dog rescue members also experienced additional challenges due to the stigma surrounding international dog rescue operations. Further research on attitudes held by other stakeholders involved in dog import activities, as well as members of Canadian communities needing dog rescue aid may provide meaningful inputs on how to better support and facilitate local and international dog rescue efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Alain von Rentzell
- The Animal Welfare Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Christiana Bratiotis
- School of Social Work, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Alexandra Protopopova
- The Animal Welfare Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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4
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Simon KE, Russell K, Mondino A, Yang CC, Case BC, Anderson Z, Whitley C, Griffith E, Gruen ME, Olby NJ. A randomized, controlled clinical trial demonstrates improved owner-assessed cognitive function in senior dogs receiving a senolytic and NAD+ precursor combination. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12399. [PMID: 38811634 PMCID: PMC11137034 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63031-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related decline in mobility and cognition are associated with cellular senescence and NAD + depletion in dogs and people. A combination of a novel NAD + precursor and senolytic, LY-D6/2, was examined in this randomized controlled trial. Seventy dogs with mild to moderate cognitive impairment were enrolled and allocated into placebo, low or full dose groups. Primary outcomes were change in cognitive impairment measured with the owner-reported Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Rating (CCDR) scale and change in activity measured with physical activity monitors. Fifty-nine dogs completed evaluations at the 3-month primary endpoint, and 51 reached the 6-month secondary endpoint. There was a significant difference in CCDR score across treatment groups from baseline to the primary endpoint (p = 0.02) with the largest decrease in the full dose group. No difference was detected between groups using in house cognitive testing. There were no significant differences between groups in changes in measured activity. The proportion of dogs that improved in frailty and owner-reported activity levels and happiness was higher in the full dose group than other groups, however this difference was not significant. Adverse events occurred equally across groups. All groups showed improvement in cognition, frailty, and activity suggesting placebo effect and benefits of trial participation. We conclude that LY-D6/2 improves owner-assessed cognitive function over a 3-month period and may have broader, but more subtle effects on frailty, activity and happiness as reported by owners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Simon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Katharine Russell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Southeast Veterinary Neurology, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alejandra Mondino
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Chin-Chieh Yang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Beth C Case
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Zachary Anderson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Christine Whitley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Emily Griffith
- Department of Statistics, College of Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Margaret E Gruen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Natasha J Olby
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
- Comparative Medicine Institute, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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5
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Wallis LJ, Radford AD, Belshaw Z, Jackson J, Kubinyi E, German AJ, Westgarth C. Cross-sectional United Kingdom surveys demonstrate that owners and veterinary professionals differ in their perceptions of preventive and treatment healthcare needs in ageing dogs. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1358480. [PMID: 38638642 PMCID: PMC11024473 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1358480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Perceptions of dog owners and veterinary professionals (surgeons/nurses) can influence the preventive healthcare and treatment provided to dogs, especially at the senior life-stage, when chronic diseases become more common. This study compared perceptions of healthcare of dogs as they age between dog owners and veterinary professionals. Data from two online surveys (owners: N = 633, veterinary professionals: N = 305) examined perceived need for veterinary visits and vaccinations. In addition, 48 clinical signs were rated on perceived prevalence (whether owners' dogs had experienced them) and how urgently they should seek veterinary advice. Groups were compared using descriptive statistics and chi-square. Owners most often believed a 'healthy' senior dog (>7 years) should go to the vet once a year (47% owners vs. 25% veterinary professionals, p < 0.001), compared with veterinary professionals every 6 months (39 vs. 73%). A minority (14%) of owners would just take the dog 'if they got sick' but only 2% of veterinary professionals advised this, and 16% of owners of dogs of all ages had not had any contact with their veterinary practise in the previous year. Nearly all veterinary professionals (92%) believed that senior/geriatric dogs should receive yearly vaccinations. However, 28% of owners' dogs of all ages were not vaccinated in the previous year and, of these, 33% did not believe that older dogs need vaccinations. Only 10% of dogs considered 'old' by their owners had attended a senior wellness clinic or examination, despite 14% of practises offering them. The three most common clinical signs reported by owners were slowing down on walks (57%), dental tartar (53%) and being stiff on rising (50%). Owners perceived urgency to seek veterinary care was lower if they had experienced the clinical sign before. In the current study, dog owners and veterinary professionals differed in their opinions about the need for veterinary care, suggesting new educational initiatives, and more effective communication is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J. Wallis
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Ethology, ELTE Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alan D. Radford
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Zoe Belshaw
- EviVet Research Consultancy, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jodie Jackson
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Eniko Kubinyi
- Department of Ethology, ELTE Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-ELTE Lendület “Momentum” Companion Animal Research Group, ELTE Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alexander J. German
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Carri Westgarth
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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6
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Roccaro M, Salini R, Pietra M, Sgorbini M, Gori E, Dondi M, Crisi PE, Conte A, Dalla Villa P, Podaliri M, Ciaramella P, Di Palma C, Passantino A, Porciello F, Gianella P, Guglielmini C, Alborali GL, Rota Nodari S, Sabatelli S, Peli A. Factors related to longevity and mortality of dogs in Italy. Prev Vet Med 2024; 225:106155. [PMID: 38394961 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Besides its translational value, an improved understanding of dog longevity and mortality is necessary to guide health management decisions, breed selection, and improve dog welfare. In order to analyse the lifespan of dogs in Italy, identify the most common causes of death, and evaluate possible risk factors, anonymised medical records were collected from 9 veterinary teaching hospitals and 2 public health institutions. Data regarding breed, sex, neuter status, age, diagnosis, and mechanism of death were retrieved. Cause of death (COD) was classified by pathophysiologic process (PP) and organ system (OS). Of the 4957 dogs that died between 2004 and 2020 included in the study, 2920 (59.0%) were purebred, 2293 (46.2%) were female, 3005 (60.6%) were intact, 2883 (58.2%) were euthanised. Overall median longevity was 10.0 years. Median longevity was significantly longer for crossbreds, females, neutered dogs, and small-sized breeds. The breeds with the highest median age at death were the Yorkshire terrier, English cocker spaniel, West Highland white terrier, Italian volpino, and Shih Tzu, whilst the American bulldog, English bulldog, American pit bull terrier, Bernese mountain dog and the Maremma and the Abruzzes sheepdog had the lowest median age at death. The most frequent COD by PP was neoplasia (34.0%), which occurred more frequently in large breeds, namely German shepherd, Labrador retriever and Boxer. Degenerative diseases mostly affected small-sized dogs like Miniature pinscher and Dachshund. Regarding the OS involved, diseases of the renal/urinary system were most frequently responsible for COD (15.0%), prevalently degenerative and inflammatory/infectious. Substantial variation in median longevity according to causes of death by PP and OS was observed. These data are relevant for breeders, veterinary practitioners, and owners, to assist breed selection, facilitate early diagnosis, guide choice when purchasing a purebred dog and making health management decisions, and ultimately improve dog welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Roccaro
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Corso D'Augusto 237, Rimini 47921, Italy.
| | - Romolo Salini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G.Caporale", Campo Boario, Teramo 64100, Italy
| | - Marco Pietra
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia 40064, Italy
| | - Micaela Sgorbini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, via Livornese, San Piero a Grado, Pisa 56122, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gori
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, via Livornese, San Piero a Grado, Pisa 56122, Italy
| | - Maurizio Dondi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, Parma 43126, Italy
| | - Paolo E Crisi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Via Villa Romita snc, Teramo 64100, Italy
| | - Annamaria Conte
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G.Caporale", Campo Boario, Teramo 64100, Italy
| | - Paolo Dalla Villa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G.Caporale", Campo Boario, Teramo 64100, Italy.
| | - Michele Podaliri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G.Caporale", Campo Boario, Teramo 64100, Italy
| | - Paolo Ciaramella
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Via Delpino 1, Naples 80137, Italy
| | - Cristina Di Palma
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, University of Naples Federico II, Via Delpino 1, Naples 80137, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Passantino
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, Messina 98168, Italy
| | - Francesco Porciello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, Perugia 06126, Italy
| | - Paola Gianella
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, Grugliasco 10095, Italy
| | - Carlo Guglielmini
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro 35020, Italy
| | - Giovanni L Alborali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Via Bianchi 9, Brescia 25124, Italy
| | - Sara Rota Nodari
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Via Bianchi 9, Brescia 25124, Italy.
| | - Sonia Sabatelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano dell'Emilia 40064, Italy
| | - Angelo Peli
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Corso D'Augusto 237, Rimini 47921, Italy
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7
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Turcsán B, Kubinyi E. Differential behavioral aging trajectories according to body size, expected lifespan, and head shape in dogs. GeroScience 2024; 46:1731-1754. [PMID: 37740140 PMCID: PMC10828231 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00945-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The twofold life expectancy difference between dog breeds predicts differential behavioral and cognitive aging patterns between short- and long-lived dogs. To investigate this prediction, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis using survey data from over 15,000 dogs. We examined the effect of expected lifespan and three related factors (body size, head shape, and purebred status) on the age trajectory of various behavioral characteristics and the prevalence of canine cognitive dysfunction (CCD). Our findings reveal that, although age-related decline in most behavioral characteristics began around 10.5 years of age, the proportion of dogs considered "old" by their owners began to increase uniformly around 6 years of age. From the investigated factors, only body size had a systematic, although not gradual, impact on the aging trajectories of all behavioral characteristics. Dogs weighing over 30 kg exhibited an earlier onset of decline by 2-3 years and a slower rate of decline compared to smaller dogs, probably as a byproduct of their faster age-related physical decline. Larger sized dogs also showed a lower prevalence of CCD risk in their oldest age group, whereas smaller-sized dogs, dolichocephalic breeds, and purebreds had a higher CCD risk prevalence. The identification of differential behavioral and cognitive aging trajectories across dog groups, and the observed associations between body size and the onset, rate, and degree of cognitive decline in dogs have significant translational implications for human aging research, providing valuable insights into the interplay between morphology, physiological ageing, and cognitive decline, and unravelling the trade-off between longevity and relative healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borbála Turcsán
- MTA-ELTE Lendület "Momentum" Companion Animal Research Group, Department of Ethology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
- Senior Family Dog Project, Department of Ethology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Enikő Kubinyi
- MTA-ELTE Lendület "Momentum" Companion Animal Research Group, Department of Ethology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Senior Family Dog Project, Department of Ethology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- ELTE NAP Canine Brain Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
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8
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McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM. Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Sci Rep 2024; 14:531. [PMID: 38302530 PMCID: PMC10834484 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50458-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The companion dog is one of the most phenotypically diverse species. Variability between breeds extends not only to morphology and aspects of behaviour, but also to longevity. Despite this fact, little research has been devoted to assessing variation in life expectancy between breeds or evaluating the potential for phylogenetic characterisation of longevity. Using a dataset of 584,734 unique dogs located within the UK, including 284,734 deceased, we present variation in longevity estimates within the following: parental lineage (purebred = 1 breed, crossbred ≥ 2 breeds), breed (n = 155), body size (large, medium, small), sex (male, female) and cephalic index (brachycephalic, mesocephalic, dolichocephalic). Survival estimates were then partitioned amongst phylogenetic clades: providing evidence that canine evolutionary history (via domestication and associated artificial selection) is associated with breed lifespan. This information provides evidence to inform discussions regarding pedigree health, whilst helping current/prospective owners, breeders, policy makers, funding bodies and welfare organisations improve decision making regarding canine welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jon Bielby
- Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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9
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Nam Y, White M, Karlsson EK, Creevy KE, Promislow DEL, McClelland RL. Dog size and patterns of disease history across the canine age spectrum: Results from the Dog Aging Project. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295840. [PMID: 38232117 PMCID: PMC10793924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Age in dogs is associated with the risk of many diseases, and canine size is a major factor in that risk. However, the size patterns are complex. While small size dogs tend to live longer, some diseases are more prevalent among small dogs. In this study we seek to quantify how the pattern of disease history varies across the spectrum of dog size, dog age, and their interaction. Utilizing owner-reported data on disease history from a substantial number of companion dogs enrolled in the Dog Aging Project, we investigate how body size, as measured by weight, associates with the lifetime prevalence of a reported condition and its pattern across age for various disease categories. We found significant positive associations between dog size and the lifetime prevalence of skin, bone/orthopedic, gastrointestinal, ear/nose/throat, cancer/tumor, brain/neurologic, endocrine, and infectious diseases. Similarly, dog size was negatively associated with lifetime prevalence of ocular, cardiac, liver/pancreas, and respiratory disease categories. Kidney/urinary disease prevalence did not vary by size. We also found that the association between age and lifetime disease prevalence varied by dog size for many conditions including ocular, cardiac, orthopedic, ear/nose/throat, and cancer. Controlling for sex, purebred vs. mixed-breed status, and geographic region made little difference in all disease categories we studied. Our results align with the reduced lifespan in larger dogs for most of the disease categories and suggest potential avenues for further examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbi Nam
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Michelle White
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Elinor K. Karlsson
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Kate E. Creevy
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Daniel E. L. Promislow
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Robyn L. McClelland
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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Giugliano R, Crescio MI, Cosma V, Ciccotelli V, Vivaldi B, Razzuoli E. Mortality and heavy metals environmental exposure: a study in dogs. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1297311. [PMID: 38249551 PMCID: PMC10796622 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1297311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dogs are human companions and share environmental conditions with their owners. Epidemiological studies have shown that dogs seem to be good sentinel animals for the association of diseases and/or mortality provoked by chronic exposure to heavy metals (Cd, Pb). Methods In the present work, we analyze the registered death cases and population from the National Canine Registry from 2020 to 2022, involving a dog population of 582,564 and 17,507 deaths. The mortality rate in male and not-purebred dogs is higher than in female and purebred dogs, respectively. The mortality cases were cross-referenced with the environmental pollution data relating to the concentration of Cd and Pb detected, between 2012 and 2022, in the various municipalities of the Liguria region. We then calculated SMR (Standardized Mortality Rate) throughout the region and found that mortality increases from the eastern to the western Ligurian coast. Results and discussion We observed that the most polluted areas present the highest SMRs (IRR = 1.36, 95%CI: from 1.31 to 1.41). Considering dog ages, we found that mortality in young dogs is not affected by pollution, while mortality in old dogs (10-20 years old) is heavily affected by it (IRR = 8.97, 95%CI from 8.09 to 9.93). In conclusion, the data suggest the importance of canine health and biomonitor studies and provide a basis for future research involving both animal and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Giugliano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Ines Crescio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Genova, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Ciccotelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Genova, Italy
| | - Barbara Vivaldi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Genova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Razzuoli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Genova, Italy
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Niskanen JE, Ohlsson Å, Ljungvall I, Drögemüller M, Ernst RF, Dooijes D, van Deutekom HWM, van Tintelen JP, Snijders Blok CJB, van Vugt M, van Setten J, Asselbergs FW, Petrič AD, Salonen M, Hundi S, Hörtenhuber M, Kere J, Pyle WG, Donner J, Postma AV, Leeb T, Andersson G, Hytönen MK, Häggström J, Wiberg M, Friederich J, Eberhard J, Harakalova M, van Steenbeek FG, Wess G, Lohi H. Identification of novel genetic risk factors of dilated cardiomyopathy: from canine to human. Genome Med 2023; 15:73. [PMID: 37723491 PMCID: PMC10506233 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-023-01221-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a life-threatening heart disease and a common cause of heart failure due to systolic dysfunction and subsequent left or biventricular dilatation. A significant number of cases have a genetic etiology; however, as a complex disease, the exact genetic risk factors are largely unknown, and many patients remain without a molecular diagnosis. METHODS We performed GWAS followed by whole-genome, transcriptome, and immunohistochemical analyses in a spontaneously occurring canine model of DCM. Canine gene discovery was followed up in three human DCM cohorts. RESULTS Our results revealed two independent additive loci associated with the typical DCM phenotype comprising left ventricular systolic dysfunction and dilatation. We highlight two novel candidate genes, RNF207 and PRKAA2, known for their involvement in cardiac action potentials, energy homeostasis, and morphology. We further illustrate the distinct genetic etiologies underlying the typical DCM phenotype and ventricular premature contractions. Finally, we followed up on the canine discoveries in human DCM patients and discovered candidate variants in our two novel genes. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our study yields insight into the molecular pathophysiology of DCM and provides a large animal model for preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E Niskanen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O.Box 63, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Åsa Ohlsson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Ljungvall
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michaela Drögemüller
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, 3001, Switzerland
| | - Robert F Ernst
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis Dooijes
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke W M van Deutekom
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Peter van Tintelen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christian J B Snijders Blok
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marion van Vugt
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica van Setten
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Cardiology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Milla Salonen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O.Box 63, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sruthi Hundi
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O.Box 63, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matthias Hörtenhuber
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Juha Kere
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O.Box 63, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Research Programs Unit, Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - W Glen Pyle
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- IMPART Investigator Team Canada, Dalhousie Medicine, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | - Jonas Donner
- Wisdom Panel Research Team, Wisdom Panel, Kinship, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alex V Postma
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, 3001, Switzerland
| | - Göran Andersson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marjo K Hytönen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O.Box 63, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jens Häggström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Wiberg
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jana Friederich
- LMU Small Animal Clinic, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jenny Eberhard
- LMU Small Animal Clinic, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Magdalena Harakalova
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank G van Steenbeek
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Centre Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, Utrecht, 3584 CM, The Netherlands
| | - Gerhard Wess
- LMU Small Animal Clinic, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hannes Lohi
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, 00790, Helsinki, Finland.
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O.Box 63, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
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12
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McNulty KE, Creevy KE, Fitzpatrick A, Wilkins V, Barnett BG, Ruple A. Development and validation of a novel instrument to capture companion dog mortality data: the Dog Aging Project End of Life Survey. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2023; 261:1326-1336. [PMID: 37179051 PMCID: PMC11131384 DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.02.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The researchers and clinicians within the Dog Aging Project (DAP), a longitudinal cohort study of aging in companion dogs, created and validated a novel survey instrument titled the End of Life Survey (EOLS) to gather owner-reported mortality data about companion dogs. SAMPLE Bereaved dog owners who participated in the refinement, face validity assessment, or reliability assessment of the EOLS (n = 42) and/or completed the entire survey between January 20 and March 24, 2021 (646). PROCEDURES The EOLS was created and modified by veterinary health professionals and human gerontology experts using published literature, clinical veterinary experience, previously created DAP surveys, and feedback from a pilot study conducted with bereaved dog owners. The EOLS was subjected to qualitative validation methods and post hoc free-text analysis to evaluate its ability to thoroughly capture scientifically relevant aspects of companion dogs' deaths. RESULTS The EOLS was well received with excellent face validity as assessed by dog owners and experts. The EOLS had fair to substantial reliability for the 3 validation themes-cause of death (κ = 0.73; 95% CI, 0.5 to 0.95), perimortem quality of life (κ = 0.49; 95% CI, 0.26 to 0.73), and reason for euthanasia (κ = 0.3; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.52)-and had no need for any substantial content alterations based on free-text analysis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The EOLS has proven to be a well-accepted, comprehensive, and valid instrument for capturing owner-reported companion dog mortality data and has the potential to enhance veterinarians' ability to care for the aging dog population by illuminating their understanding of companion dogs' end-of-life experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellyn E. McNulty
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Kate E. Creevy
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Annette Fitzpatrick
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Vanessa Wilkins
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Brian G. Barnett
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | | | - Audrey Ruple
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
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13
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Salzman MM, Merten N, Panek WK, Fefer G, Mondino A, Westermeyer HD, Gruen ME, Olby NJ, Mowat FM. Age-associated changes in electroretinography measures in companion dogs. Doc Ophthalmol 2023; 147:15-28. [PMID: 37302110 PMCID: PMC10330826 DOI: 10.1007/s10633-023-09938-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the association between age and retinal full-field electroretinographic (ERG) measures in companion (pet) dogs, an important translational model species for human neurologic aging. METHODS Healthy adult dogs with no significant ophthalmic abnormalities were included. Unilateral full-field light- and dark-adapted electroretinography was performed using a handheld device, with mydriasis and topical anaesthesia. Partial least squares effect screening analysis was performed to determine the effect of age, sex, body weight and use of anxiolytic medication on log-transformed ERG peak times and amplitudes; age and anxiolytic usage had significant effects on multiple ERG outcomes. Mixed model analysis was performed on data from dogs not receiving anxiolytic medications. RESULTS In dogs not receiving anxiolytics, median age was 118 months (interquartile range 72-140 months, n = 77, 44 purebred, 33 mixed breed dogs). Age was significantly associated with prolonged peak times of a-waves (dark-adapted 3 and 10 cds/m2 flash p < 0.0001) and b-waves (cone flicker p = 0.03, dark-adapted 0.01 cds/m2 flash p = 0.001). Age was also significantly associated with reduced amplitudes of a-waves (dark-adapted 3 cds/m2 flash p < 0.0001, 10 cds/m2 flash p = 0.005) and b-waves (light-adapted 3 cds/m2 flash p < 0.0001, dark-adapted 0.01 cds/m2 flash p = 0.0004, 3 cds/m2 flash p < 0.0001, 10 cds/m2 flash p = 0.007) and flicker (light-adapted 30 Hz 3 cds/m2 p = 0.0004). Within the Golden Retriever breed, these trends were matched in a cross-sectional analysis of 6 individuals that received no anxiolytic medication. CONCLUSIONS Aged companion dogs have slower and reduced amplitude responses in both rod- and cone-mediated ERG. Consideration of anxiolytic medication use should be made when conducting ERG studies in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele M Salzman
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Medical Sciences Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Natascha Merten
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine (Geriatrics and Gerontology), School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Wojciech K Panek
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Gilad Fefer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Alejandra Mondino
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Hans D Westermeyer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Margaret E Gruen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Natasha J Olby
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Freya M Mowat
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Medical Sciences Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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O'Neill DG, Edmunds GL, Urquhart-Gilmore J, Church DB, Rutherford L, Smalley MJ, Brodbelt DC. Dog breeds and conformations predisposed to osteosarcoma in the UK: a VetCompass study. Canine Med Genet 2023; 10:8. [PMID: 37365662 DOI: 10.1186/s40575-023-00131-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma is a malignant bone neoplasia that has high welfare consequences for affected dogs. Awareness of breed and canine conformational risk factors for osteosarcoma can assist with earlier diagnosis and improved clinical management. Study of osteosarcoma in dogs also offers translational value for humans. Anonymised clinical data within VetCompass on dogs under primary veterinary care in the UK were searched for osteosarcoma cases. Descriptive statistics reported overall and breed-specific prevalence. Risk factor analysis used multivariable logistic regression modelling. RESULTS From 905,552 study dogs, 331 osteosarcoma cases were confirmed yielding a one-year period prevalence of 0.037% (95% CI: 0.033-0.041). Breeds with the highest annual prevalence were the Scottish Deerhound (3.28%, 95% CI 0.90-8.18), Leonberger (1.48%, 95% CI 0.41- 3.75), Great Dane (0.87%, 95% CI 0.43- 1.55) and Rottweiler (0.84%, 95% CI 0.64-1.07). The median age at diagnosis was 9.64 years (IQR: 7.97-11.41). Following multivariable modelling, 11 breeds showed increased odds of osteosarcoma compared with crossbred dogs. Breeds with the highest odds included Scottish Deerhound (OR 118.40, 95% CI 41.12-340.95), Leonberger (OR 55.79, 95% CI 19.68-158.15), Great Dane (OR 34.24, 95% CI 17.81-65.83) and Rottweiler (OR 26.67, 95% CI 18.57-38.29). Compared with breeds with mesocephalic skull conformation, breeds with dolichocephalic skull conformation (OR 2.72, 95% CI 2.06-3.58) had increased odds while breeds with brachycephalic skull conformation showed reduced odds (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.32-0.80). Chondrodystrophic breeds had 0.10 times the odds (95% CI 0.06-0.15) compared with non-chondrodystrophic breeds. Increasing adult bodyweight was associated with increasing odds of osteosarcoma. CONCLUSIONS The current study cements the concept that breed, bodyweight and longer leg or longer skull length are all strong risk factors for osteosarcoma in dogs. With this awareness, veterinarians can update their clinical suspicion and judgement, breeders can select towards lower-risk animals, and researchers can robustly define more useful study populations for fundamental and translational bioscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan G O'Neill
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, Herts, UK.
| | - Grace L Edmunds
- School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol and Langford Vets, Stock Lane, Langford, BS40 5DU, UK
| | - Jade Urquhart-Gilmore
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, Herts, UK
| | - David B Church
- Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Lynda Rutherford
- Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Matthew J Smalley
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Dave C Brodbelt
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, Herts, UK
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Wade CM, Nuttall R, Liu S. Comprehensive analysis of geographic and breed-purpose influences on genetic diversity and inherited disease risk in the Doberman dog breed. Canine Med Genet 2023; 10:7. [PMID: 37277858 DOI: 10.1186/s40575-023-00130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Publicly available phenotype data and genotyping array data from two citizen science projects: "Doberman Health Surveys" and "The Doberman Diversity Project" were analyzed to explore relative homozygosity, diversity, and disorder risk according to geographical locale and breeding purpose in the Doberman. RESULTS From the phenotypic data cohort, life expectancy of a Doberman at birth is 9.1 years. The leading causes of death were heart disease (accounting for 28% of deaths) and cancers (collectively accounting for 14% of deaths). By genotyping, the world Doberman population exists as four major cohorts (European exhibition-bred, Americas exhibition-bred, European work, Americas pet/informal). Considering the entire Doberman population, four genomic regions longer than 500 Kb are fixed in 90% or more of 3,226 dogs included in this study. The four fixed regions reside on two autosomal chromosomes: CFA3:0.8-2.3 Mb (1.55 Mb); CFA3: 57.9-59.8 Mb (1.8 Mb); CFA31:0-1.2 Mb (1.2 Mb); and CFA31:4.80-6.47 Mb (1.67 Mb). Using public variant call files including variants for eight Doberman pinschers, we observed 30 potentially functional alternate variants that were evolutionarily diverged relative to the wider sequenced dog population within the four strongly homozygous chromosomal regions. Effective population size (Ne) is a statistical measure of breed diversity at the time of sampling that approximates the number of unique individuals. The major identified sub-populations of Dobermans demonstrated Ne in the range 70-236. The mean level of inbreeding in the Doberman breed is 40% as calculated by the number of array variants in runs of homozygosity divided by the assayed genome size (excluding the X chromosome). The lowest observed level of inbreeding in the Dobermans assayed was 15% in animals that were first generation mixes of European and USA bred Dobermans. Array variant analysis shows that inter-crossing between European and USA-bred Dobermans has capacity to re-introduce variation at many loci that are strongly homozygous. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that efforts to improve breed diversity first should focus on regions with the highest fixation levels, but managers must ensure that mutation loads are not worsened by increasing the frequencies of rarer haplotypes in the identified regions. The analysis of global data identified regions of strong fixation that might impact known disorder risks in the breed. Plausible gene candidates for future analysis of the genetic basis of cardiac disease and cancer were identified in the analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Wade
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | | | - Sophie Liu
- Doberman Diversity Project, Oakland, CA, USA
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16
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O'Neill DG, Skipper AM, Barrett K, Church DB, Packer RMA, Brodbelt DC. Demography, common disorders and mortality of Boxer dogs under primary veterinary care in the UK. Canine Med Genet 2023; 10:6. [PMID: 37259166 DOI: 10.1186/s40575-023-00129-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Boxer is a popular dog breed with a distinctive appearance. However, the breed has been linked with several health conditions, some of which have been associated with its moderately brachycephalic conformation and its white colouration. Anonymised primary-care veterinary clinical records were explored to extract data on the demography, common disorders and mortality of Boxers in the UK in 2016. RESULTS The study population of 336,865 dogs included 3,219 (0.96%) Boxers, of which 10.71% were recorded as white. The mean adult bodyweight was 30.43 kg (SD 5.73 kg). Annual disorder counts did not differ statistically between the sexes or between white and non-white Boxers. The most prevalent fine-level precision disorders were otitis externa (n = 230, 7.15%), epulis (188, 5.84%), corneal ulceration (161, 5.00%) and periodontal disease (149, 4.63%). Of the 34 most common fine-level disorders, none differed in prevalence between white and non-white dogs. The most prevalent disorder groups were skin disorder (n = 571, 17.74%), neoplasia (457, 14.20%) and ear disorder (335, 10.41%). White Boxers had higher prevalence than non-white Boxers for two disorder groups: dental disorder and brain disorder. The median longevity of 346 Boxers that died during the study was 10.46 years (IQR 9.00-11.98, range 2.76-18.00). Median longevity did not differ statistically between the sexes or between white and non-white Boxers. The most common grouped causes of death were death - unrecorded cause (n = 73, 21.10%), neoplasia (43, 12.43%) and brain disorder (33, 9.54%). CONCLUSIONS There was minimal evidence of substantial health differences between white and non-white Boxers. Among the four most common disorders recorded in Boxers, two were typically common across all types of dogs (otitis externa and periodontal disease) while two suggested strong predispositions for the Boxer breed (epulis and corneal ulceration), showing the value of eliciting breed-specific disorder patterns for insights for potential health reforms. The overall longevity of Boxer dogs was consistent with other breeds of similar body size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan G O'Neill
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, Herts, UK.
| | - Alison M Skipper
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, Herts, UK
| | - Kate Barrett
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, Herts, UK
| | - David B Church
- Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, Herts, UK
| | - Rowena M A Packer
- Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, Herts, UK
| | - Dave C Brodbelt
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, Herts, UK
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17
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Engdahl KS, Brodbelt DC, Cameron C, Church DB, Hedhammar Å, O'Neill DG. Demography and disorders of English Cocker Spaniels under primary veterinary care in the UK. Canine Med Genet 2023; 10:4. [PMID: 37202773 DOI: 10.1186/s40575-023-00128-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The English Cocker Spaniel (ECS) is a common family dog in the UK. This study aimed to describe demography, morbidity, and mortality in ECS under primary veterinary care in the UK during 2016 using data from the VetCompass™ Programme. This study hypothesised that the prevalence of aggression is higher in male than female ECS, and higher in solid-coloured than bi-coloured ECS. RESULTS English Cocker Spaniels comprised 10,313/336,865 (3.06%) of dogs under primary veterinary care during 2016. The median age was 4.57 years (inter-quartile range (IQR) 2.25-8.01) and the median adult bodyweight was 15.05 kg (IQR 13.12-17.35). The annual proportional birth rate was relatively stable between 2.97-3.51% from 2005-2016. The most common specific diagnoses were periodontal disease (n = 486, prevalence 20.97%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 19.31-22.62), otitis externa (n = 234, 10.09%, 95% CI: 8.87-11.32), obesity (n = 229, 9.88%, 95% CI: 8.66-11.09), anal sac impaction (n = 187, 8.07%, 95% CI: 6.96-9.18), diarrhoea (n = 113, 4.87%, 95% CI: 4.00-5.75), and aggression (n = 93, 4.01%, 95% CI: 3.21-4.81). The prevalence of aggression was higher in males (4.95%) than in females (2.87%) (P = 0.015) and in solid-coloured (7.00%) than in bi-coloured dogs (3.66%) (P = 0.010). The median age at death was 11.44 years (IQR 9.46-13.47) and the most common grouped causes of death were neoplasia (n = 10, 9.26%, 95% CI: 3.79-14.73), mass-associated disorders (n = 9, 8.33%, 95% CI: 4.45-15.08), and collapse (n = 8, 7.41%, 95% CI: 3.80-13.94). CONCLUSIONS Periodontal disease, otitis externa, and obesity are identified as the most common health issues for ECS, and neoplasia and mass-associated disorders as the most common reasons for death. The prevalence of aggression was higher in males and solid-coloured dogs. The results can aid veterinarians in giving evidence-based health and breed choice information to dog owners and highlights the importance of thorough oral examination and body condition score evaluation during routine veterinary examination of ECS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina S Engdahl
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7054, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Dave C Brodbelt
- Pathobiology and Population Science, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, Herts, UK
| | - Carla Cameron
- Pathobiology and Population Science, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, Herts, UK
| | - David B Church
- Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, Herts, UK
| | - Åke Hedhammar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7054, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dan G O'Neill
- Pathobiology and Population Science, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, Herts, UK
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18
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Zhan D, Young DS. Finite mixtures of mean-parameterized Conway-Maxwell-Poisson models. Stat Pap (Berl) 2023:1-24. [PMID: 37360788 PMCID: PMC10197059 DOI: 10.1007/s00362-023-01452-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
For modeling count data, the Conway-Maxwell-Poisson (CMP) distribution is a popular generalization of the Poisson distribution due to its ability to characterize data over- or under-dispersion. While the classic parameterization of the CMP has been well-studied, its main drawback is that it is does not directly model the mean of the counts. This is mitigated by using a mean-parameterized version of the CMP distribution. In this work, we are concerned with the setting where count data may be comprised of subpopulations, each possibly having varying degrees of data dispersion. Thus, we propose a finite mixture of mean-parameterized CMP distributions. An EM algorithm is constructed to perform maximum likelihood estimation of the model, while bootstrapping is employed to obtain estimated standard errors. A simulation study is used to demonstrate the flexibility of the proposed mixture model relative to mixtures of Poissons and mixtures of negative binomials. An analysis of dog mortality data is presented. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00362-023-01452-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongying Zhan
- Dr. Bing Zhang Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, 725 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0082 USA
| | - Derek S. Young
- Dr. Bing Zhang Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, 725 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0082 USA
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19
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Pepper BM, Chan H, Ward MP, Quain A. Euthanasia of Dogs by Australian Veterinarians: A Survey of Current Practices. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10050317. [PMID: 37235400 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10050317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Euthanasia techniques utilised by veterinarians impact the welfare of many dogs in their final moments. Despite euthanasia guidelines, little is known about euthanasia techniques used in practice. We administered an online survey of Australian veterinarians who had euthanised at least one dog in the previous 12 months. We found that 668 (96.8%) had euthanised a dog in the previous 12 months, almost all using intravenous pentobarbitone sodium (n = 651, 99.7%). For non-emergency euthanasia (n = 653), the majority (n = 442, 67.7%) administered a premedication or sedation prior to euthanasia versus less than half for emergency euthanasia (n = 286, 46.4%). Practices and views about euthanasia varied. Female veterinarians and veterinarians located in metropolitan regions were more likely to administer a premedication or sedation prior to non-emergency euthanasia (p < 0.05). Veterinarians in private mixed animal practices were less likely to administer a premedication or sedation prior to a non-emergency euthanasia (p < 0.05). For non-emergency and emergency euthanasia, veterinarians who worked in "other" practice types were more likely to administer a premedication or sedation than private companion animal practices (p < 0.05). The possible reasons for differences in euthanasia practices are explored, and scope for refinement is identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianne Marlene Pepper
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Hedia Chan
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Michael P Ward
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Anne Quain
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
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20
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McNulty KE, Creevy KE, Fitzpatrick A, Wilkins V, Barnett BG, Ruple A. Development and Validation of a Novel Instrument to Capture Companion Dog Mortality Data: The Dog Aging Project End of Life Survey. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.01.535178. [PMID: 37034699 PMCID: PMC10081320 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.01.535178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective The researchers and clinicians within the Dog Aging Project (DAP), a longitudinal cohort study of aging in companion dogs, created and validated a novel survey instrument titled the End of Life Survey (EOLS) to gather owner-reported mortality data about companion dogs. Sample Bereaved dog owners who participated in the refinement, face validity assessment, or reliability assessment of the EOLS (n=42) and/or completed the entire survey between January 20 and March 24, 2021 (n=646). Procedures The EOLS was created and modified by veterinary health professionals and human gerontology experts using published literature, clinical veterinary experience, previously created DAP surveys, and feedback from a pilot study conducted with bereaved dog owners. The EOLS was subjected to qualitative validation methods and post-hoc free-text analysis to evaluate its ability to thoroughly capture scientifically relevant aspects of companion dogs' death. Results The EOLS was well-received with excellent face validity as assessed by dog owners and experts. The EOLS had fair to substantial reliability for the three validation themes: cause of death (kappa = 0.73; 95% CI [0.5-0.95]), perimortem quality of life (kappa = 0.49; 95% CI [0.26-0.73]), and reason for euthanasia (kappa = 0.3; 95% CI [0.08-0.52]) and had no need for any substantial content alterations based on free-text analysis. Clinical Relevance The EOLS has proven to be a well-accepted, comprehensive, and valid instrument for capturing owner-reported companion dog mortality data and has the potential to enhance veterinarians' ability to care for the aging dog population by illuminating their understanding of companion dogs' end-of-life experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellyn E McNulty
- Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (College Station, TX)
| | - Kate E Creevy
- Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (College Station, TX)
| | - Annette Fitzpatrick
- University of Washington, Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Departments of Family Medicine and Epidemiology (Seattle, WA)
| | - Vanessa Wilkins
- Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (College Station, TX)
| | - Brian G Barnett
- University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery (Athens, GA)
| | - Audrey Ruple
- Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Population Health Sciences (Blacksburg, VA)
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21
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NAKAYAMA H, SHIGA T, UCHIDA K, CHAMBERS JK, MORINO T, SASAKI N. Chronological transition of necropsy cases of animals in Tokyo, Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:19-29. [PMID: 36385043 PMCID: PMC9887212 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no nationwide necropsy database of animals in Japan, and most of the records are available from the postwar period. To clarify the chronological transition of animal necropsy cases in Tokyo, Japan, the records accumulated in The University of Tokyo from 1902 were investigated. Of necropsy records on paper or electronic from 1902 to 2021 kept at the Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, The University of Tokyo, totally 3,137 cases including 572 in 1903-1914 (the Meiji-Taisho period), 1,258 in 1956-1969 (the Showa period) and 1,307 in 2006-2020 (the Heisei-Reiwa period), respectively, were examined for species, breed, age and pathological diagnosis. Dogs (44.6%) and horses (34.8%) in the Meiji-Taisho period, dogs (62.9%) and cats (17.3%) in the Showa period, and dogs (46.0%), cats (26.1%) and exotic animals (20.5%) in the Heisei-Reiwa period were the most necropsied animal species. With the passage of time, the number of animal species increased, and the breeds of dogs and cats came to be more various. The median ages of death were 2 years, 3 years and 10 years old in dogs in the Meiji-Taisho, Showa and Heisei-Reiwa periods, respectively, and 2 years and 10 years old in cats in the Showa and Heisei-Reiwa periods, respectively. Viral, bacterial and parasitic infections were decreased, and inversely tumor cases increased due to the prolonged lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki NAKAYAMA
- Animal Medical Center Peco, Institute for Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Correspondence to: Nakayama H: , Animal Medical Center Peco,
Institute for Veterinary Medicine, 3-60-7 Sendagaya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-0051, Japan
| | - Takanori SHIGA
- Animal Medical Center Peco, Institute for Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki UCHIDA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - James K CHAMBERS
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiya MORINO
- Animal Medical Center Peco, Institute for Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuo SASAKI
- Animal Medical Center Peco, Institute for Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Montoya M, Morrison JA, Arrignon F, Spofford N, Charles H, Hours MA, Biourge V. Life expectancy tables for dogs and cats derived from clinical data. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1082102. [PMID: 36896289 PMCID: PMC9989186 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1082102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
There are few recent and methodologically robust life expectancy (LE) tables for dogs or cats. This study aimed to generate LE tables for these species with clinical records from >1,000 Banfield Pet hospitals in the USA. Using Sullivan's method, LE tables were generated across survey years 2013-2019, by survey year, and for subpopulations defined by sex, adult body size group (purebred dogs only: toy, small, medium, large and giant), and median body condition score (BCS) over life. The deceased population for each survey year comprised animals with a recorded date of death in that year; survivors had no death date in that year and were confirmed living by a veterinary visit in a subsequent year. The dataset totaled 13,292,929 unique dogs and 2,390,078 unique cats. LE at birth (LEbirth) was 12.69 years (95% CI: 12.68-12.70) for all dogs, 12.71 years (12.67-12.76) for mixed-breed dogs, 11.18 years (11.16-11.20) for cats, and 11.12 (11.09-11.14) for mixed-breed cats. LEbirth increased with decreasing dog size group and increasing survey year 2013 to 2018 for all dog size groups and cats. Female dogs and cats had significantly higher LEbirth than males: 12.76 years (12.75-12.77) vs. 12.63 years (12.62-12.64), and 11.68 years (11.65-11.71) vs. 10.72 years (10.68-10.75), respectively. Obese dogs (BCS 5/5) had a significantly lower LEbirth [11.71 years (11.66-11.77)] than overweight dogs (BCS 4/5) [13.14 years (13.12-13.16)] and dogs with ideal BCS 3/5 [13.18 years (13.16-13.19)]. The LEbirth of cats with BCS 4/5 [13.67 years (13.62-13.71)] was significantly higher than cats with BCS 5/5 [12.56 years (12.45-12.66)] or BCS 3/5 [12.18 years (12.14-12.21)]. These LE tables provide valuable information for veterinarians and pet owners and a foundation for research hypotheses, as well as being a stepping-stone to disease-associated LE tables.
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23
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How size and genetic diversity shape lifespan across breeds of purebred dogs. GeroScience 2022; 45:627-643. [PMID: 36066765 PMCID: PMC9886701 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00653-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
While the lifespan advantage of small body size and mixed breed status has been documented repeatedly, evidence for an effect of genetic diversity across dog breeds is equivocal. We hypothesized that this might be due to a strong right-censoring bias in available breed-specific lifespan estimates where early-dying dogs from birth cohorts that have not died off completely at the time of data collection are sampled disproportionately, especially in breeds with rapidly growing populations. We took advantage of data on owner reported lifespan and cause of death from a large public database to quantify the effect of size and genetic diversity (heterozygosity) on mortality patterns across 118 breeds based on more than 40,000 dogs. After documenting and removing the right-censoring bias from the breed-specific lifespan estimates by including only completed birth cohorts in our analyses, we show that small size and genetic diversity are both linked to a significant increase in mean lifespan across breeds. To better understand the proximate mechanisms underlying these patterns, we then investigated two major mortality causes in dogs - the cumulative pathophysiologies of old age and cancer. Old age lifespan, as well as the percentage of old age mortality, decreased with increasing body size and increased with increasing genetic diversity. The lifespan of dogs dying of cancer followed the same patterns, but while large size significantly increased proportional cancer mortality, we could not detect a significant signal for lowered cancer mortality with increasing diversity. Our findings suggest that outcross programs will be beneficial for breed health and longevity. They also emphasize the need for high-quality mortality data for veterinary epidemiology as well as for developing the dog as a translational model for human geroscience.
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24
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Ureteral morphology and pathology during urolithiasis in cats. Res Vet Sci 2022; 151:10-20. [PMID: 35850013 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cats exhibit high susceptibility to urinary organ-related diseases. We investigated the healthy ureter morphologies and compared these with ureters that were surgically resected distal to a urolithiasis obstruction in cats. Healthy ureters (total length 9.88 ± 0.38 cm) developed adventitia composed of collagen fibers (ADCF), containing a longitudinal muscular layer, toward the distal segment. The healthy ureter was the smallest in the middle segment (4.71-6.90 cm from the urinary bladder) with significantly decreased luminal and submucosal areas compared to those in the proximal segment. Diseased cats exhibited a high incidence of calcium oxalate urolithiasis with renal dysfunction, regardless of age, sex, and body size. Diseased ureters showed increased perimeters, inflammation, and decreased nerves in ADCF. Collagen fibers were increased in the submucosal area, intermuscular spaces, and ADCF, particularly near the obstructed lesion. The mean resected ureter length was 5.66 ± 0.49 cm, suggesting a high obstruction risk in the middle segment. The middle segment also increased the cross-sectional area of the ureter and ADCF, regardless of the distance from the obstructed lesion. The ureters in several cases either lacked the transitional epithelium, or exhibited transitional epithelial hyperplasia, and some of these formed the mucosal folds. In conclusion, we demonstrated the following characteristics and histopathological features of cat ureters: decreases in the ureter size, lumen area, and submucosa area from proximal to middle segment in healthy; ADCF changes in urolithiasis, including increased connective tissues with inflammation and decreased nerves. These data are important to understand the pathogenesis of feline ureteral obstruction.
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25
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Ullal TV, Marks SL, Belafsky PC, Conklin JL, Pandolfino JE. A Comparative Assessment of the Diagnosis of Swallowing Impairment and Gastroesophageal Reflux in Canines and Humans. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:889331. [PMID: 35754550 PMCID: PMC9228035 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.889331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Swallowing impairment is a highly prevalent and clinically significant problem affecting people and dogs. There are myriad causes of swallowing impairment of which gastroesophageal reflux is the most common in both species. Similarities in anatomy and physiology between humans and canines results in analogous swallowing disorders including cricopharyngeus muscle achalasia, esophageal achalasia, hiatal herniation, and gastroesophageal reflux with secondary esophagitis and esophageal dysmotility. Accordingly, the diagnostic approach to human and canine patients with swallowing impairment is similar. Diagnostic procedures such as swallowing fluoroscopy, high-resolution manometry, pH/impedance monitoring, and endolumenal functional luminal imaging probe can be performed in both species; however, nasofacial conformation, increased esophageal length, and the difficulty of completing several of these procedures in awake dogs are inherent challenges that need to be considered. Human patients can convey their symptoms and respond to verbal cues, whereas veterinarians must rely on clinical histories narrated by pet owners followed by comprehensive physical examination and observation of the animal eating different food consistencies and drinking water. Dogs may also be unwilling to drink or eat in the hospital setting and may be resistant to physical restraint during diagnostic procedures. Despite the species differences and diagnostic challenges, dogs are a natural animal model for many oropharyngeal and esophageal disorders affecting people, which presents a tremendous opportunity for shared learnings. This manuscript reviews the comparative aspects of esophageal anatomy and physiology between humans and canines, summarizes the diagnostic assessment of swallowing impairment in both species, and discusses future considerations for collaborative medicine and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarini V Ullal
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Stanley L Marks
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Peter C Belafsky
- Department of Otolaryngology, Center for Voice and Swallowing, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Conklin
- The Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, UCLA Robert G. Kardashian Center for Esophageal Health, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - John E Pandolfino
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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26
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O’Neill DG, Skipper A, Packer RMA, Lacey C, Brodbelt DC, Church DB, Pegram C. English Bulldogs in the UK: a VetCompass study of their disorder predispositions and protections. Canine Med Genet 2022; 9:5. [PMID: 35701824 PMCID: PMC9199211 DOI: 10.1186/s40575-022-00118-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The English Bulldog has risen sharply in popularity over the past decade but its distinctive and extreme conformation is linked to several serious health conditions. Using multivariable analysis of anonymised veterinary clinical data from the VetCompass Programme, this study compared the odds of common disorders between English Bulldogs and all remaining dogs in the UK during 2016. RESULTS From 905,544 dogs under veterinary care during 2016, the analysis included a random sample of 2,662 English Bulldogs and 22,039 dogs that are not English Bulldogs. English Bulldogs had 2.04 times the odds of diagnosis with ≥ 1 disorder than dogs that are not English Bulldogs (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.85 to 2.25). At a specific-level of diagnostic precision, English Bulldogs had increased odds of 24/43 (55.8%) disorders. These included: skin fold dermatitis (odds ratio [OR] 38.12; 95% CI 26.86 to 54.10), prolapsed nictitating membrane gland (OR 26.79; 95% CI 18.61 to 38.58) and mandibular prognathism (OR 24.32; 95% CI 13.59 to 43.53). Conversely, English Bulldogs had significantly reduced odds of 6/43 (14.0%) disorders. These included: retained deciduous tooth (OR 0.02; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.17), lipoma (OR 0.06; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.40) and periodontal disease (OR 0.23; 95% CI 0.18 to 0.30). At a grouped-level of diagnostic precision, English Bulldogs had significantly increased odds of 17/34 (50.0%) disorders. These included: congenital disorder (OR 7.55; 95% CI 5.29 to 10.76), tail disorder (OR 6.01; 95% CI 3.91 to 9.24) and lower respiratory tract disorder (OR 5.50; 95% CI 4.11 to 7.35). Conversely, English Bulldogs had significantly reduced odds of 3/34 (8.8%) disorders. These were: dental disorder (OR 0.25; 95% CI 0.20 to 0.31), spinal cord disorder (OR 0.31; 95% CI 0.14 to 0.71) and appetite disorder (OR 0.43; 95% CI 0.20 to 0.91). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the health of English Bulldogs is substantially lower than dogs that are not English Bulldogs and that many predispositions in the breed are driven by the extreme conformation of these dogs. Consequently, immediate redefinition of the breed towards a moderate conformation is strongly advocated to avoid the UK joining the growing list of countries where breeding of English Bulldogs is banned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan G. O’Neill
- grid.20931.390000 0004 0425 573XPathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, AL9 7TA Herts UK
| | - Alison Skipper
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of History, King’s College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS UK
| | - Rowena M. A. Packer
- grid.20931.390000 0004 0425 573XClinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, AL9 7TA Herts UK
| | - Caitriona Lacey
- grid.20931.390000 0004 0425 573XPathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, AL9 7TA Herts UK
| | - Dave C. Brodbelt
- grid.20931.390000 0004 0425 573XPathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, AL9 7TA Herts UK
| | - David B. Church
- grid.20931.390000 0004 0425 573XClinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, AL9 7TA Herts UK
| | - Camilla Pegram
- grid.20931.390000 0004 0425 573XPathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, AL9 7TA Herts UK
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27
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Marek K, Armando F, Nippold VM, Rohn K, Plattet P, Brogden G, Gerold G, Baumgärtner W, Puff C. Persistent Infection of a Canine Histiocytic Sarcoma Cell Line with Attenuated Canine Distemper Virus Expressing Vasostatin or Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116156. [PMID: 35682834 PMCID: PMC9181094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine histiocytic sarcoma (HS) represents a neoplasia with poor prognosis. Due to the high metastatic rate of HS, there is urgency to improve treatment options and to prevent tumor metastases. Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a single-stranded negative-sense RNA (ssRNA (-)) virus with potentially oncolytic properties. Moreover, vasostatin and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are attractive molecules in cancer therapy research because of their anti-angiogenetic properties and potential modulation of the tumor microenvironment. In the present study, an in vitro characterization of two genetically engineered viruses based on the CDV strain Onderstepoort (CDV-Ond), CDV-Ondneon-vasostatin and CDV-Ondneon-GM-CSF was performed. Canine histiocytic sarcoma cells (DH82 cells) were persistently infected with CDV-Ond, CDV-Ondneon, CDV-Ondneon-vasostatin and CDV-Ondneon-GM-CSF and characterized on a molecular and protein level regarding their vasostatin and GM-CSF production. Interestingly, DH82 cells persistently infected with CDV-Ondneon-vasostatin showed a significantly increased number of vasostatin mRNA transcripts. Similarly, DH82 cells persistently infected with CDV-Ondneon-GM-CSF displayed an increased number of GM-CSF mRNA transcripts mirrored on the protein level as confirmed by immunofluorescence and Western blot. In summary, modified CDV-Ond strains expressed GM-CSF and vasostatin, rendering them promising candidates for the improvement of oncolytic virotherapies, which should be further detailed in future in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Marek
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (K.M.); (F.A.); (V.M.N.); (C.P.)
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Federico Armando
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (K.M.); (F.A.); (V.M.N.); (C.P.)
| | - Vanessa Maria Nippold
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (K.M.); (F.A.); (V.M.N.); (C.P.)
| | - Karl Rohn
- Institute for Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Philippe Plattet
- Division of Experimental Clinical Research, Vetsuisse University Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Graham Brogden
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (G.B.); (G.G.)
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (G.B.); (G.G.)
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (K.M.); (F.A.); (V.M.N.); (C.P.)
- Center for Systems Neuroscience, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Christina Puff
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (K.M.); (F.A.); (V.M.N.); (C.P.)
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Teng KTY, Brodbelt DC, Pegram C, Church DB, O'Neill DG. Life tables of annual life expectancy and mortality for companion dogs in the United Kingdom. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6415. [PMID: 35484374 PMCID: PMC9050668 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10341-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A life table is a tabulated expression of life expectancy and mortality-related information at specified ages in a given population. This study utilised VetCompass data to develop life tables for the UK companion dog population and broken down by sex, Kennel Club breed group, and common breeds. Among 30,563 dogs that died between 1st January 2016 and 31st July 2020, life expectancy at age 0 was 11.23 [95% confidence interval (CI): 11.19-11.27] years. Female dogs (11.41 years; 95% CI: 11.35-11.47) had a greater life expectancy than males (11.07 years; 95% CI: 11.01-11.13) at age 0. Life tables varied widely between breeds. Jack Russell Terrier (12.72 years; 95% CI: 12.53-12.90) and French Bulldog (4.53 years; 95% CI: 4.14-5.01) had the longest and shortest life expectancy at age 0, respectively. Life tables generated by the current study allow a deeper understanding of the varied life trajectory across many types of dogs and offer novel insights and applications to improve canine health and welfare. The current study helps promote further understanding of life expectancy, which will benefit pet owners and the veterinary profession, along with many other sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendy Tzu-Yun Teng
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Rd, Da'an District, Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Dave C Brodbelt
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Camilla Pegram
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - David B Church
- Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Dan G O'Neill
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts, AL9 7TA, UK
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29
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McKenzie BA, Chen F, LaCroix-Fralish ML. The phenotype of aging in the dog: how aging impacts the health and well-being of dogs and their caregivers. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2022; 260:963-970. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.22.02.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the single most important cause of disease, disability, and death in adult dogs. Contrary to the common view of aging as a mysterious and inevitable natural event, it is more usefully understood as a set of complex but comprehensible biological processes that are highly conserved across species. Although the phenotypic expression of these processes is variable, there are consistent patterns both within and between species.
The purpose of this feature is to describe the patterns currently recognized in the physical and behavioral manifestations of aging in the dog and how these impact the health and welfare of companion dogs and their human caregivers. Important gaps in our knowledge of the canine aging phenotype will be identified, and current research efforts to better characterize aging in the dog will be discussed. This will help set the context for future efforts to develop clinical assessments and treatments to mitigate the negative impact of aging on dogs and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frances Chen
- Cellular Longevity Inc dba Loyal, San Francisco, CA
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30
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Meyer I, Forkman B, Fredholm M, Glanville C, Guldbrandtsen B, Ruiz Izaguirre E, Palmer C, Sandøe P. Pampered pets or poor bastards? The welfare of dogs kept as companion animals. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2022.105640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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31
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Nanamiya R, Takei J, Ohishi T, Asano T, Tanaka T, Sano M, Nakamura T, Yanaka M, Handa S, Tateyama N, Harigae Y, Saito M, Suzuki H, Kawada M, Kaneko MK, Kato Y. Defucosylated Anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Monoclonal Antibody (134-mG 2a-f) Exerts Antitumor Activities in Mouse Xenograft Models of Canine Osteosarcoma. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2022; 41:1-7. [PMID: 35225663 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2021.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane glycoprotein. Although EGFR is physiologically essential in normal cells, it contributes to tumor malignancy through gene amplification and/or protein overexpression, which augment signaling cascades in tumor cells. We previously developed an anti-human EGFR (hEGFR) monoclonal antibody (mAb), EMab-134 (mouse IgG1, kappa), which detects hEGFR and dog EGFR (dEGFR) with high sensitivity and specificity. The mouse IgG2a version of EMab-134 (134-mG2a) has antitumor effects toward mouse xenografts of hEGFR-expressing oral squamous cell carcinomas. Furthermore, 134-mG2a-f, the defucosylated version of 134-mG2a, exhibits antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) in dEGFR-overexpressed CHO-K1 (CHO/dEGFR) cells and antitumor activities in mouse xenografts of CHO/dEGFR cells. Herein, the reactivity of 134-mG2a-f against canine cancer cells with endogenous dEGFR was first examined by flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. In vitro analysis demonstrated that 134-mG2a-f highly exerted ADCC and CDC for a canine osteosarcoma cell line, D-17, which expresses endogenous dEGFR. Moreover, in vivo administration of 134-mG2a-f significantly suppressed the development of D-17 compared with the results in response to control mouse IgG. These results suggest that 134-mG2a-f exerts antitumor effects against dEGFR-expressing canine cancers, and could be valuable as part of an antibody treatment regimen for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Nanamiya
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Junko Takei
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Ohishi
- Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu-shi, Japan
| | - Teizo Asano
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masato Sano
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takuro Nakamura
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Miyuki Yanaka
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Saori Handa
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nami Tateyama
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Harigae
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masaki Saito
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Manabu Kawada
- Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu-shi, Japan
| | - Mika K Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Li G, Ohishi T, Kaneko MK, Takei J, Mizuno T, Kawada M, Saito M, Suzuki H, Kato Y. Defucosylated Mouse-Dog Chimeric Anti-EGFR Antibody Exerts Antitumor Activities in Mouse Xenograft Models of Canine Tumors. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123599. [PMID: 34944112 PMCID: PMC8700185 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) contributes to tumor malignancy via gene amplification and protein overexpression. Previously, we developed an anti-human EGFR (hEGFR) monoclonal antibody, namely EMab-134, which detects hEGFR and dog EGFR (dEGFR) with high sensitivity and specificity. In this study, we produced a defucosylated mouse–dog chimeric anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody, namely E134Bf. In vitro analysis revealed that E134Bf highly exerted antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity against a canine osteosarcoma cell line (D-17) and a canine fibroblastic cell line (A-72), both of which express endogenous dEGFR. Moreover, in vivo administration of E134Bf significantly suppressed the development of D-17 and A-72 compared with the control dog IgG in mouse xenografts. These results indicate that E134Bf exerts antitumor effects against dEGFR-expressing canine cancers and could be valuable as part of an antibody treatment regimen for dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanjie Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (G.L.); (M.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Tomokazu Ohishi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 18-24 Miyamoto, Numazu-shi 410-0301, Japan;
- Correspondence: (T.O.); (Y.K.); Tel.: +81-55-924-0601 (T.O.); +81-22-717-8207 (Y.K.)
| | - Mika K. Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (M.K.K.); (J.T.)
| | - Junko Takei
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (M.K.K.); (J.T.)
| | - Takuya Mizuno
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan;
| | - Manabu Kawada
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, 18-24 Miyamoto, Numazu-shi 410-0301, Japan;
| | - Masaki Saito
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (G.L.); (M.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (G.L.); (M.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (G.L.); (M.S.); (H.S.)
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; (M.K.K.); (J.T.)
- Correspondence: (T.O.); (Y.K.); Tel.: +81-55-924-0601 (T.O.); +81-22-717-8207 (Y.K.)
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Dukes-McEwan J, Garven KE, Lopez Alvarez J, Oliveira P, Motskula PF, Willis R. Usefulness of cardiac biomarker screening to detect dilated cardiomyopathy in UK Dobermanns. J Small Anim Pract 2021; 63:275-285. [PMID: 34897698 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy of two cardiac biomarker assays (N-terminal pro-BNP and his sensitivity Troponin I (Beckman Coulter Access)) in detecting Dobermann dilated cardiomyopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dobermanns undergoing cardiac biomarker testing were screened by echocardiography and Holter monitoring, then assigned to a group: normal, equivocal, arrhythmia form of dilated cardiomyopathy, echocardiographic form of dilated cardiomyopathy or both. Some were reassessed to identify final status. Initial cardiac biomarker results were compared to final status. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to identify area under the curve and corresponding sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp) for different cut-offs (CO) for each cardiac biomarker. RESULTS A total of 118 Dobermanns with cardiac biomarker data had echocardiography/Holter assessment. Repeat assessment was carried out in 47 Dobermanns after 394.5 ±151.0 days. Seventeen dogs changed group between initial and final status. The final status of 59 was normal, nine were equivocal and 50 had dilated cardiomyopathy (prevalence 42.4%). Of the dilated cardiomyopathy group, 25 had dilated cardiomyopathy-both, 13 dilated cardiomyopathy-echocardiography and 12 dilated cardiomyopathy-Holter. Receiver operating characteristic area under the curve=0.807 for N-terminal proBNP (Se 0.69 and Sp 0.81) and 0.873 for high-sensitivity cardiac Troponin I (Se 0.77 and Sp 0.86). When both Se and Sp were optimised for all forms of dilated cardiomyopathy, N-terminal proBNP cut-off was 626 pmol/L (Se and Sp 0.79) and high-sensitivity cardiac Troponin I cut-off was 0.056 ng/mL (Se and Sp 0.84). Receiver operating characteristic area under the curve was higher for dilated cardiomyopathy-echocardiography (NT-proBNP 0.883; high-sensitivity cardiac Troponin I 0.907) than dilated cardiomyopathy-Holter. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Cardiac biomarker screening may be useful to select Dobermanns which would benefit from further assessment by echocardiography and Holter.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dukes-McEwan
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Science, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, Chester High Road, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - K E Garven
- MBM Veterinary Group, 21 Hill Street, Kilmarnock, KA3 1HF, UK
| | - J Lopez Alvarez
- Davies Veterinary Specialists, Manor Farm Business Park, Higham Gobion, Hitchin, Herts, SG5 3HR, UK.,J. Lopez Alvarez's current address is Memvet - Centre de Referència Veterinària. C/Reina Esclaramunda 6, baixos, 07003 Palma, Mallorca, Illes Balears; Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Campus UAB, Carrer de l'Hospital, s/n, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona; Telemedicine Consultant at Idexx, UK
| | - P Oliveira
- Davies Veterinary Specialists, Manor Farm Business Park, Higham Gobion, Hitchin, Herts, SG5 3HR, UK
| | - P F Motskula
- Anderson-Moores Veterinary Specialists, The Granary, Bunstead Barns, Poles Ln, Hursley, Winchester, SO21 2LL, UK.,P.F. Motskula's current address is Vetekar - Veterinary Cardiology Consultancy. Fortuuna 35-24, Tartu 50603, Estonia; Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 62, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; Telemedicine Consultant at Idexx, UK
| | - R Willis
- Holter Monitoring Services, Dick White Referrals, Station Farm, London Road, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire, CB8 0UH, UK.,R. Willis's current address is Sarah Smith Veterinary Cardiology; Ivy Court, Willington Rd, Etwall, Derby, DE65 6JG, UK
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Houlton JEF. Survey investigating the reasons why UK-based gundogs ceased working between 2010 and 2019. Vet Rec 2021; 190:e1080. [PMID: 34750824 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.1080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the longevity of the working life of gundogs in the UK, whether owners' considered retirement was premature and to identify risk factors associated with such work. SAMPLE POPULATION Six hundred sixty-five dogs METHODS: A web-based survey seeking owner information as to the longevity of their dogs' working life and why they were retired, euthanised or died. RESULTS The median age at which Springer spaniels stopped work was 11 years and for Cocker spaniels, it was 9 years. The median age for Labrador retrievers was 10 years; for Golden retrievers, 11 years and Flat-coated retrievers, 9.5 years. Cocker spaniels stopped work at a significantly younger age than Springer spaniels (p = 0.0003) or Labrador retrievers (p = 0.0407). There was no significant difference between the other major breeds. The majority of owners (54.3%) were satisfied with the working lifespan of their dog. Seventy per cent of dogs were retired, the three most prevalent reasons being lameness (25.2%), old age (23.7%) and deafness (7.8%). Forty-four dogs died (6.6%) and 158 (24%) were euthanised, with cancer (58%) being the most common reason. CONCLUSIONS No work-related issues were identified and gundogs appear to have similar causes of mortality to the general canine population.
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35
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Yu Y, Krupa A, Keesler RI, Grinwis GCM, de Ruijsscher M, de Vos J, Groenen MAM, Crooijmans RPMA. Familial follicular cell thyroid carcinomas in a large number of Dutch German longhaired pointers. Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 20:227-234. [PMID: 34464021 PMCID: PMC9292937 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid carcinomas (TCs) originating from follicular cells of the thyroid gland occur in both humans and dogs, and they have highly similar histomorphologic patterns. In dogs, TCs have not been extensively investigated, especially concerning the familial origin of TCs. Here, we report familial thyroid follicular cell carcinomas (FCCs) confirmed by histology in 54 Dutch origin German longhaired pointers. From the pedigree, 45 of 54 histopathologically confirmed cases are closely related to a pair of first‐half cousins in the past, indicating a familial disease. In addition, genetics contributed more to the thyroid FCC than other factors by an estimated heritability of 0.62 based on pedigree. The age of diagnosis ranged between 4.5 and 13.5 years, and 76% of cases were diagnosed before 10 years of age, implying an early onset of disease. We observed a significant higher pedigree‐based inbreeding coefficient in the affected dogs (mean F, 0.23) compared to unaffected dogs (mean F, 0.14), suggesting the contribution of inbreeding to tumour development. The unique occurrence of familial thyroid FCC in this dog population and the large number of affected dogs make this population an important model to identify the genetic basis of familial thyroid FCC in this breed and may contribute to the research into pathogenesis, prevention and treatment in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yu
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adriana Krupa
- AniCura Dierenziekenhuis Zeeuws-Vlaanderen, Terneuzen, The Netherlands
| | - Rebekah I Keesler
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Guy C M Grinwis
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Johan de Vos
- AniCura Dierenziekenhuis Zeeuws-Vlaanderen, Terneuzen, The Netherlands
| | - Martien A M Groenen
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Bell L, Hesketh S. Mastiff breed mortality: A study of owner experience, dog age and longevity. Vet Anim Sci 2021; 13:100194. [PMID: 34458644 PMCID: PMC8379649 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2021.100194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastiffs are a group of large and giant powerful dogs consisting of 19 breeds worldwide. The median age of death for the Mastiff group was 8 years with European and North American dogs also dying at this age. A higher percentage of dogs died over 8 years when classed as senior within breed standards. Cancer was the most common cause of death in the Mastiff group with osteosarcoma the most common specifically in neutered animals.
Despite being ranked 33 in Americas most popular breeds (American Kennel Club, 2020), there is a lack of research addressing longevity and death related health problems of Mastiff dog breeds and specifically commonly kept Bull Mastiffs and English Mastiffs. Likely a result of small founder populations and minimal breeding geographical locations, limited genetic variation is found making it important to determine key health concerns which may reduce longevity. The purpose of this study was to report findings from an online global survey of owners of deceased Mastiffs detailing breed, age at death, and if known, cause of death. Owner information was also collected including location by continent and country and the owners breeding or hobbyist experience. A closed-question survey was used via an online network of global Mastiff clubs and associations totalling a useable sample of 1036 dogs across a range of breeds. Notably, it is reported that age and cause of death varied dependant on breed. Results indicate that the median age of death for all dogs was 8 years with mean age of death in Europe as 7.72 years and 8.17 years in North America. The most common cause of death identified for all dogs was cancer (47%), old age (16%), cardiac problems (8%) and gastric problems including GDV and bloat (7%). The mean age of death for cancer dogs was 7.85 years with 23 types of cancer stated with Osteosarcoma being the most commonly recorded and specifically for neutered animals. As the survey was aimed at hobbyist and registered breeders, study findings contribute to knowledge of Mastiff mortality with the aim of promoting welfare of the breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Bell
- University Centre Myerscough, St Michaels Road, Bilsborrow, Preston, Lancashire, PR3 0RY, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Hesketh
- University Centre Myerscough, St Michaels Road, Bilsborrow, Preston, Lancashire, PR3 0RY, United Kingdom
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Armando F, Fayyad A, Arms S, Barthel Y, Schaudien D, Rohn K, Gambini M, Lombardo MS, Beineke A, Baumgärtner W, Puff C. Intratumoral Canine Distemper Virus Infection Inhibits Tumor Growth by Modulation of the Tumor Microenvironment in a Murine Xenograft Model of Canine Histiocytic Sarcoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073578. [PMID: 33808256 PMCID: PMC8037597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Histiocytic sarcomas refer to highly aggressive tumors with a poor prognosis that respond poorly to conventional treatment approaches. Oncolytic viruses, which have gained significant traction as a cancer therapy in recent decades, represent a promising option for treating histiocytic sarcomas through their replication and/or by modulating the tumor microenvironment. The live attenuated canine distemper virus (CDV) vaccine strain Onderstepoort represents an attractive candidate for oncolytic viral therapy. In the present study, oncolytic virotherapy with CDV was used to investigate the impact of this virus infection on tumor cell growth through direct oncolytic effects or by virus-mediated modulation of the tumor microenvironment with special emphasis on angiogenesis, expression of selected MMPs and TIMP-1 and tumor-associated macrophages in a murine xenograft model of canine histiocytic sarcoma. Treatment of mice with xenotransplanted canine histiocytic sarcomas using CDV induced overt retardation in tumor progression accompanied by necrosis of neoplastic cells, increased numbers of intratumoral macrophages, reduced angiogenesis and modulation of the expression of MMPs and TIMP-1. The present data suggest that CDV inhibits tumor growth in a multifactorial way, including direct cell lysis and reduction of angiogenesis and modulation of MMPs and their inhibitor TIMP-1, providing further support for the concept of its role in oncolytic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Armando
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.A.); (A.F.); (S.A.); (Y.B.); (M.G.); or (M.S.L.); (A.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Adnan Fayyad
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.A.); (A.F.); (S.A.); (Y.B.); (M.G.); or (M.S.L.); (A.B.); (C.P.)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus 9720061, Palestine
| | - Stefanie Arms
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.A.); (A.F.); (S.A.); (Y.B.); (M.G.); or (M.S.L.); (A.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Yvonne Barthel
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.A.); (A.F.); (S.A.); (Y.B.); (M.G.); or (M.S.L.); (A.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Dirk Schaudien
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Nikolai-Fuchs-Straße 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Karl Rohn
- Institute for Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 2, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Matteo Gambini
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.A.); (A.F.); (S.A.); (Y.B.); (M.G.); or (M.S.L.); (A.B.); (C.P.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - Mara Sophie Lombardo
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.A.); (A.F.); (S.A.); (Y.B.); (M.G.); or (M.S.L.); (A.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Andreas Beineke
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.A.); (A.F.); (S.A.); (Y.B.); (M.G.); or (M.S.L.); (A.B.); (C.P.)
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.A.); (A.F.); (S.A.); (Y.B.); (M.G.); or (M.S.L.); (A.B.); (C.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-511-953-8620
| | - Christina Puff
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.A.); (A.F.); (S.A.); (Y.B.); (M.G.); or (M.S.L.); (A.B.); (C.P.)
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Rodger S, Scott EM, Nolan A, Wright AK, Reid J. Effect of Age, Breed, and Sex on the Health-Related Quality of Life of Owner Assessed Healthy Dogs. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:603139. [PMID: 33614760 PMCID: PMC7892584 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.603139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Using an app, this exploratory study generated information on HRQL in a large cohort of dogs deemed healthy according to the owner. It forms the basis for further studies investigating the natural history of HRQL of dogs to inform the interpretation of interventional studies, but highlights the risks of relying on owner impression of health status. A previously published health-related quality of life (HRQL) instrument (VetMetrica™) that generates scores in four domains of quality of life in dogs - Energetic and Enthusiastic (E/E), Happy and Content (H/C), Active and Comfortable (A/C), and Calm and Relaxed (C/R), generated information on HRQL in 4,217 dogs (3 months−21 years). Dogs were categorized by age; young, 3–47 months, middle-aged, 48–95 months, and old, 96 months and older. Owners considered 2,959 dogs (3–95 months) to be “in perfect health” and these were used to explore the relationship between age, sex, breed and HRQL in apparently healthy dogs. Mean score was significantly greater (better) in young compared to middle-aged dogs in E/E, H/C and A/C and declined with advancing age. In H/C there was a small but significant difference in mean score between female and male dogs (mean greater in females), with a similar rate of decline in each gender with advancing age. In E/E there were very small but statistically significant differences in mean scores between certain breeds. In A/C there was a statistically significant interaction between breed and age and the rate of decline with advancing age differed with breed. Overall, age, breed, and sex predicted very little of the variation seen in HRQL scores. Data from a subset of 152 dogs, for whom clinical information was available, were used to examine the agreement between clinical evidence and owner opinion. According to the clinical records, 89 dogs were healthy and 63 had evidence of chronic disease. There was an approximately 40% disagreement between owner opinion on health status and clinical evidence of chronic disease (35% disagreement in all dogs and 43% in old dogs). HRQL scores were generally higher in dogs for whom there was no evidence of disease in the clinical record.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Rodger
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,NewMetrica Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - E Marian Scott
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Nolan
- Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea K Wright
- Outcomes Research, International Centre of Excellence, Zoetis, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jacqueline Reid
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,NewMetrica Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Washington DR, Li Z, Fox LC, Mowat FM. Canine sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome: Owner perceptions on the time to vision loss, treatment outcomes, and prognosis for life. Vet Ophthalmol 2020; 24:156-168. [PMID: 33377263 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (SARDS) causes blindness for which there are no proven effective treatments. We aimed to clarify the time to vision loss, treatment response/side effects, and prognosis for life in dogs with SARDS. METHODS An online questionnaire was administered to owners of dogs with a historical diagnosis of SARDS. Mortality data were compared with a published purebred reference population. Select parameters were analyzed statistically using general linear model with least square means, two-sample t tests, and chi-squared or Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS Responses from owners that stated that their dog visited an ophthalmologist and had electroretinography performed (n = 434) were analyzed. The majority of owners (65.4%) reported the time from vision disturbance to complete vision loss as <2 weeks; 19.4% reported >4 weeks. Onset of systemic clinical signs to complete vision loss was >4 weeks in 44.5% of responses. A higher proportion of owners reported some vision recovery with combination treatment (14.4%) compared with monotherapy (3.2%, P = .0004). Side effects of treatment were commonly reported. Dogs with SARDS did not have a shorter lifespan than the reference population but had higher incidence of kidney disease (P = .0001) and respiratory disease (P = .0004) at death. CONCLUSIONS Dogs with SARDS have a rapid onset of vision loss. In the owner's opinion, treatment is unlikely to restore vision and is associated with systemic side effects. The potential for systemic pathologies that arise after SARDS diagnosis warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demitrius R Washington
- Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Zhanhai Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lani C Fox
- Geostatistical Consulting Claremont, Claremont, CA, USA.,Gillings School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Freya M Mowat
- Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.,Department of Surgical Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine, and Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Individual and group level personality change across the lifespan in dogs. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17276. [PMID: 33057125 PMCID: PMC7560605 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74310-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, age-related changes in personality occur in a non-random fashion with respect to their direction, timing, and magnitude. In dogs, there are still gaps in our knowledge about the detailed dynamics of age-related personality changes. We analysed the personality of 217 Border collies aged from 0.5 to 15 years both cross-sectionally and longitudinally using a test battery, to specify age periods when changes most prominently occur, assess the magnitude of changes, and analyse individual differences in personality change. We found that similar to humans, changes in personality occur unevenly during the dogs’ life course, however, their dynamics seems to be specific for each trait. Activity-independence decreased mostly from puppyhood (0.5–1 years) to adolescence (> 1–2 years), then continued to decrease in a slowing rate. Novelty seeking did not change markedly until middle age (> 3–6 years), then showed a steady linear decrease. Problem orientation increased strongly until middle age then showed no marked changes in later age periods. We also revealed individual differences in personality change over time, and showed that a few individuals with potential age-related impairments significantly affected the general age trajectory of some traits. These results raise caution against the over-generalisation of global age trends in dogs.
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Kriston-Pál É, Haracska L, Cooper P, Kiss-Tóth E, Szukacsov V, Monostori É. A Regenerative Approach to Canine Osteoarthritis Using Allogeneic, Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Safety Results of a Long-Term Follow-Up. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:510. [PMID: 32903517 PMCID: PMC7438407 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are emerging as an effective therapeutic tool in treating canine osteoarthritis (OA). In this report, we focused on the questions of whether MSC transplantation has long-term beneficial effects for the improvement in motion and also evaluated the safety of MSC injection. Visceral adipose tissue, a surgical waste obtained during routine ovariectomy served as a source of allogeneic MSCs and used to treat OA. Altogether, fifty-eight dogs were transplanted in the study suffering from OA in the elbow (42 animals), hip (5), knee (8), ankle (2), and hock (1). The effect of MSC transplantation was evaluated by the degree of lameness at a 4-5-years follow-up period based on the owners' subjective observations. The results showed that 83% of the OA patients improved or retained improvement in lameness. Clinical safety of the treatment was assessed by evaluating the coincidence of tumors or other diseases and other adverse reactions (such as local inflammation) after MSC cell therapy. Two incidences of local inflammation for <1 week at the site of injection were reported. No other adverse reactions were detected post-treatment. Sixteen dogs died during the study, 4 due to cancer and 12 due to other diseases, diagnosed by veterinarians. Overall, our survey suggests that MSC transplantation has long-term beneficial effects in reducing lameness. Moreover, no enrichment in a specific cause of death was observed in the transplanted animals, compared to reported literature. Our data suggest that MSC treatment could be an effective and safe long-term therapy for canine OA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lajos Haracska
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Paul Cooper
- Assentra Limited, Chelmsford, United Kingdom
| | - Endre Kiss-Tóth
- University of Sheffield, Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Éva Monostori
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
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Friedrich J, Talenti A, Arvelius P, Strandberg E, Haskell MJ, Wiener P. Unravelling selection signatures in a single dog breed suggests recent selection for morphological and behavioral traits. ADVANCED GENETICS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2020; 1:e10024. [PMID: 36619250 PMCID: PMC9744541 DOI: 10.1002/ggn2.10024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Strong selection has resulted in substantial morphological and behavioral diversity across modern dog breeds, which makes dogs interesting model animals to study the underlying genetic architecture of these traits. However, results from between-breed analyses may confound selection signatures for behavior and morphological features that were coselected during breed development. In this study, we assess population genetic differences in a unique resource of dogs of the same breed but with systematic behavioral selection in only one population. We exploit these different breeding backgrounds to identify signatures of recent selection. Selection signatures within populations were found on chromosomes 4 and 19, with the strongest signals in behavior-related genes. Regions showing strong signals of divergent selection were located on chromosomes 1, 24, and 32, and include candidate genes for both physical features and behavior. Some of the selection signatures appear to be driven by loci associated with coat color (Chr 24; ASIP) and length (Chr 32; FGF5), while others showed evidence of association with behavior. Our findings suggest that signatures of selection within dog breeds have been driven by selection for morphology and behavior. Furthermore, we demonstrate that combining selection scans with association analyses is effective for dissecting the traits under selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Friedrich
- Division of Genetics and GenomicsThe Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of EdinburghMidlothianUK
| | - Andrea Talenti
- Division of Genetics and GenomicsThe Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of EdinburghMidlothianUK
| | - Per Arvelius
- Swedish Armed Forces Dog Training CenterMärstaSweden
| | - Erling Strandberg
- Department of Animal Breeding and GeneticsSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - Marie J. Haskell
- Animal & Veterinary SciencesScotland's Rural College (SRUC)EdinburghUK
| | - Pamela Wiener
- Division of Genetics and GenomicsThe Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of EdinburghMidlothianUK
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Day MJ, Carey S, Clercx C, Kohn B, MarsilIo F, Thiry E, Freyburger L, Schulz B, Walker DJ. Aetiology of Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex and Prevalence of its Pathogens in Europe. J Comp Pathol 2020; 176:86-108. [PMID: 32359641 PMCID: PMC7103302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The canine infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRDC) is an endemic worldwide syndrome involving multiple viral and bacterial pathogens. Traditionally, Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb), canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2), canine distemper virus (CDV), canine herpesvirus (CHV) and canine parainfluenza virus (CPiV) were considered the major causative agents. Lately, new pathogens have been implicated in the development of CIRDC, namely canine influenza virus (CIV), canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV), canine pneumovirus (CnPnV), Mycoplasma cynos and Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus. To better understand the role of the different pathogens in the development of CIRDC and their epidemiological relevance in Europe, prevalence data were collected from peer-reviewed publications and summarized. Evidence of exposure to Bb is frequently found in healthy and diseased dogs and client-owned dogs are as likely to be infected as kennelled dogs. Co-infections with viral pathogens are common. The findings confirm that Bb is an important cause of CIRDC in Europe. CAV-2 and CDV recovery rates from healthy and diseased dogs are low and the most likely explanation for this is control through vaccination. Seroconversion to CHV can be demonstrated following CIRDC outbreaks and CHV has been detected in the lower respiratory tract of diseased dogs. There is some evidence that CHV is not a primary cause of CIRDC, but opportunistically re-activates at the time of infection and exacerbates the disease. The currently available data suggest that CIV is, at present, neither a prevalent nor a significant pathogen in Europe. CPiV remains an important pathogen in CIRDC and facilitates co-infection with other viral and bacterial pathogens. CnPnV and CRCoV are important new elements in the aetiology of CIRDC and spread particularly well in multi-dog establishments. M. cynos is common in Europe and is more likely to occur in younger and kennelled dogs. This organism is frequently found together with other CIRDC pathogens and is significantly associated with more severe respiratory signs. S. zooepidemicus infection is not common and appears to be a particular problem in kennels. Protective immunity against respiratory diseases is rarely complete, and generally only a reduction in clinical signs and excretion of pathogen can be achieved through vaccination. However, even vaccines that only reduce and do not prevent infection carry epidemiological advantages. They reduce spread, increase herd immunity and decrease usage of antimicrobials. Recommending vaccination of dogs against pathogens of CIRDC will directly provide epidemiological advantages to the population and the individual dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Day
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia and Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, UK.
| | - S Carey
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, USA
| | - C Clercx
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - B Kohn
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - F MarsilIo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - E Thiry
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - L Freyburger
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Agressions Pulmonaires et Circulatoires dans le Sepsis, Marcy l'Etoile and La Compagnie des Animaux, SantéVet, Lyon, France
| | - B Schulz
- Ludwig-Maximillian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - D J Walker
- Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists, Winchester, Hampshire, UK
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Belshaw Z, Dean R, Asher L. Slower, shorter, sadder: a qualitative study exploring how dog walks change when the canine participant develops osteoarthritis. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:85. [PMID: 32156275 PMCID: PMC7063782 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02293-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dog walking may have multiple physical and mental health advantages, but not all dog owners appear to benefit. Dog health is a described barrier to dog walking activity, but specific causes and impacts of reduced exercise in owners of dogs with health problems have not previously been reported. The current study used a qualitative methodology to explore the impact of canine osteoarthritis on dog walking activity. Methods Owners of dogs with osteoarthritis living in the United Kingdom (UK) were recruited through veterinary practices for semi-structured interview about life with an osteoarthritic dog. Participants were asked to reflect on walks that they had taken with their dog before he/she developed osteoarthritis, and to describe how those walks had changed. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematic analysis was used to construct key themes. Results Forty owners of 35 osteoarthritic dogs were interviewed. Prior to their dog’s development of osteoarthritis, dog walking distance, speed and location were usually decided by the owner to satisfy the needs and enjoyment of dog and walker. A diagnosis of canine osteoarthritis led to both dogs and their owners altering the walks undertaken. Walks were typically slower, shorter and limited to locations where physical infrastructure, underfoot surface and gradients were perceived by the owner to be navigable by their dog. Most owners did not go on additional walks without their dog due to feelings of guilt and because walking without a dog was less enjoyable. Many owners described negative effects on their own physical health and diminished enjoyment of walking as a result of their dog’s condition. Conclusion Our research suggests that osteoarthritic dogs may reduce the walking exercise their owners are able or willing to undertake. Since osteoarthritis is a common condition in older dogs, this is an important finding for those advocating dog ownership as a positive public health intervention. Strategies may be needed to ensure that owners of dogs that develop physical incapacities can continue to enjoy the health benefits they previously associated with dog walking. Future studies investigating dog walking activity should ensure that the health status of the dog has been considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Belshaw
- PDSA Pet Hospital Nottingham, Dunkirk Road, Nottingham, NG7 2PH, UK.
| | - Rachel Dean
- VetPartners, Leeman House, Station Business Park, Holgate Park Drive, York, YO26 4GB, UK
| | - Lucy Asher
- Newcastle University School of Natural and Environmental Science, Room 608, Agriculture Building, Kings Gate, Newcastle, NE1 7RU, UK
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Oyama MA, Elliott C, Loughran KA, Kossar AP, Castillero E, Levy RJ, Ferrari G. Comparative pathology of human and canine myxomatous mitral valve degeneration: 5HT and TGF-β mechanisms. Cardiovasc Pathol 2020; 46:107196. [PMID: 32006823 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2019.107196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Myxomatous mitral valve degeneration (MMVD) is a leading cause of valve repair or replacement secondary to the production of mitral regurgitation, cardiac enlargement, systolic dysfunction, and heart failure. The pathophysiology of myxomatous mitral valve degeneration is complex and incompletely understood, but key features include activation and transformation of mitral valve (MV) valvular interstitial cells (VICs) into an active phenotype leading to remodeling of the extracellular matrix and compromise of the structural components of the mitral valve leaflets. Uncovering the mechanisms behind these events offers the potential for therapies to prevent, delay, or reverse myxomatous mitral valve degeneration. One such mechanism involves the neurotransmitter serotonin (5HT), which has been linked to development of valvulopathy in a variety of settings, including valvulopathy induced by serotonergic drugs, Serotonin-producing carcinoid tumors, and development of valvulopathy in laboratory animals exposed to high levels of serotonin. Similar to humans, the domestic dog also experiences naturally occurring myxomatous mitral valve degeneration, and in some breeds of dogs, the lifetime prevalence of myxomatous mitral valve degeneration reaches 100%. In dogs, myxomatous mitral valve degeneration has been associated with high serum serotonin, increased expression of serotonin-receptors, autocrine production of serotonin within the mitral valve leaflets, and downregulation of serotonin clearance mechanisms. One pathway closely associated with serotonin involves transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and the two pathways share a common ability to activate mitral valve valvular interstitial cells in both humans and dogs. Understanding the role of serotonin and transforming growth factor beta in myxomatous mitral valve degeneration gives rise to potential therapies, such as 5HT receptor (5HT-R) antagonists. The main purposes of this review are to highlight the commonalities between myxomatous mitral valve degeneration in humans and dogs, with specific regards to serotonin and transforming growth factor beta, and to champion the dog as a relevant and particularly valuable model of human disease that can accelerate development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Oyama
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chad Elliott
- Department of Surgery, Columbia Cardiovascular Institute and College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kerry A Loughran
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexander P Kossar
- Department of Surgery, Columbia Cardiovascular Institute and College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Estibaliz Castillero
- Department of Surgery, Columbia Cardiovascular Institute and College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Levy
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Giovanni Ferrari
- Department of Surgery, Columbia Cardiovascular Institute and College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Kieslinger M, Swoboda A, Kramer N, Pratscher B, Wolfesberger B, Burgener IA. Companion Animals as Models for Inhibition of STAT3 and STAT5. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11122035. [PMID: 31861073 PMCID: PMC6966487 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11122035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of transgenic mouse models has revolutionized the study of many human diseases. However, murine models are limited in their representation of spontaneously arising tumors and often lack key clinical signs and pathological changes. Thus, a closer representation of complex human diseases is of high therapeutic relevance. Given the high failure rate of drugs at the clinical trial phase (i.e., around 90%), there is a critical need for additional clinically relevant animal models. Companion animals like cats and dogs display chronic inflammatory or neoplastic diseases that closely resemble the human counterpart. Cat and dog patients can also be treated with clinically approved inhibitors or, if ethics and drug safety studies allow, pilot studies can be conducted using, e.g., inhibitors of the evolutionary conserved JAK-STAT pathway. The incidence by which different types of cancers occur in companion animals as well as mechanisms of disease are unique between humans and companion animals, where one can learn from each other. Taking advantage of this situation, existing inhibitors of known oncogenic STAT3/5 or JAK kinase signaling pathways can be studied in the context of rare human diseases, benefitting both, the development of drugs for human use and their application in veterinary medicine.
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Blackman SA, Wilson BJ, Reed AR, McGreevy PD. Reported Acquisition Practices of Australian Dog Owners. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9121157. [PMID: 31861150 PMCID: PMC6940985 DOI: 10.3390/ani9121157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary There are more than 205 pure-breeds of dogs and many mixed or cross-breeds available to those seeking to acquire a dog in Australia. It is estimated that 400,000 dogs are acquired annually but there is little information about how prospective owners make their choices and what canine attributes they prioritise when acquiring dogs. Attributes influencing owner’s choice include: physical appearance, behavioural characteristics, breed reputation, how a dog has been bred, perceived genetic soundness, and a dog’s need for rehoming or rescuing. This study considers the choices owners make in selecting their most recently acquired dogs and explores how owners prioritise various attributes. Analysis of survey results suggests that Australian dog owners fall into two distinct groups: one that prioritises the ability to rescue a dog, compatibility on meeting and how compatible they believe the dog will be with their family, and the second that prioritises attributes associated with how the dog was bred including morphotype, how a dog has been raised, genetic testing, and temperament predictability. Each group is making different but not substantially more optimal acquisition choices than one another. Abstract In Australia, the UK and the US dog ownership is prevalent with an estimated 40% of Australian households, 25% of UK households, and 50% of US households owning a dog. Once acquired, a dog usually becomes a family companion so, unlike a faulty product, it can rarely be returned or resold without some emotional impact on both the acquirer and the dog. Regarding the reality of dog relinquishment, there is a growing need for cross-disciplinary research that considers how dog owners are making their acquisition choices and, if prioritising different attributes, leads to more optimal acquisition choices. This research collected data from 2840 dog owners via an online survey and examines how owners prioritised various attributes when acquiring their latest dog. The Pearson-Blotchky analysis of survey results show owners are split into two groups, with each group prioritising different attributes or characteristics in their search for a new dog. The first group are those dog owners who prioritised: the ability to rescue a dog, how compatible the dog was on the first meeting, and how compatible they believed the dog would be with their household. The second group are those owners who prioritised: a dog’s morphology, temperament predictability, and breeding practices. While each group prioritised different attributes, neither group made substantially more optimal acquisition choices in terms of overall satisfaction with the dog that they ultimately selected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone A. Blackman
- Tasmanian College of Business and Economics, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Bethany J. Wilson
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | - Paul D. McGreevy
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Lutz KM, Hartnack S, Reichler IM. Do prevalence rates and severity of acquired urinary incontinence differ between dogs spayed by laparoscopy or laparotomy? Comparing apples with apples with a matched-pair cohort study. Vet Surg 2019; 49 Suppl 1:O112-O119. [PMID: 31680282 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the prevalence rates and severity of acquired urinary incontinence (AUI) between dogs spayed with laparoscopic and open laparotomy approaches. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective matched-pair cohort study. ANIMALS In total, 1285 privately owned dogs spayed >5 years previously were included in the study. METHODS Laparoscopically spayed dogs were matched with dogs spayed by traditional laparotomy. Matching variables were breed, bodyweight, age at spaying, time of spaying in relation to the onset of puberty, time interval since spaying, and age. In 400 matched-paired dogs, the outcome of AUI was assessed by using an owner questionnaire. A conditional logistic regression for matched pairs was performed on the data of 308 dogs. RESULTS Among 308 dogs, 30 and 29 dogs spayed by laparotomy and laparoscopy, respectively, were affected by AUI. The identified risk factors for AUI were age and time interval since spaying. The surgical approach (laparoscopy or laparotomy) was neither revealed as a risk factor nor did it influence the severity of AUI. CONCLUSION The risk of AUI after spaying is not influenced by the surgical approach, (laparoscopy or laparotomy). Nearly every fifth dog spayed by laparotomy or by laparoscopy was affected by AUI. A relatively longer time interval since spaying and increased age of the dog increased the risk for AUI. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Owners of dogs with a predisposition for AUI must be counseled about this risk when they present their dogs for spaying, regardless of surgical approach chosen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina-M Lutz
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Hartnack
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Iris M Reichler
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Creevy KE, Grady J, Little SE, Moore GE, Strickler BG, Thompson S, Webb JA. 2019 AAHA Canine Life Stage Guidelines*. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2019; 55:267-290. [DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The guidelines are an update and extension of the AAHA Canine Life Stage Guidelines published in 2012. A noteworthy change from the earlier guidelines is the division of the dog’s lifespan into five stages (puppy, young adult, mature adult, senior, and end of life) instead of the previous six. This simplified grouping is consistent with how pet owners generally perceive their dog’s maturation and aging process and provides a readily understood basis for an evolving, lifelong healthcare strategy. The guidelines provide the following recommendations for managing 10 health-related factors at each of the first four canine life stages: lifestyle effect on the patient’s safety, zoonotic and human safety risk, behavior, nutrition, parasite control, vaccination, dental health, reproduction, breed-specific conditions, and a baseline diagnostic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E. Creevy
- From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas (K.E.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (J.G.); Oklahoma State University, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Stillwater, Oklahoma (S.E.L.); Depar
| | - Jesse Grady
- From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas (K.E.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (J.G.); Oklahoma State University, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Stillwater, Oklahoma (S.E.L.); Depar
| | - Susan E. Little
- From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas (K.E.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (J.G.); Oklahoma State University, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Stillwater, Oklahoma (S.E.L.); Depar
| | - George E. Moore
- From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas (K.E.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (J.G.); Oklahoma State University, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Stillwater, Oklahoma (S.E.L.); Depar
| | - Beth Groetzinger Strickler
- From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas (K.E.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (J.G.); Oklahoma State University, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Stillwater, Oklahoma (S.E.L.); Depar
| | - Steve Thompson
- From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas (K.E.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (J.G.); Oklahoma State University, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Stillwater, Oklahoma (S.E.L.); Depar
| | - Jinelle A. Webb
- From the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas (K.E.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi (J.G.); Oklahoma State University, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Stillwater, Oklahoma (S.E.L.); Depar
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