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Park SC, Jeong DE, Han SW, Chae JS, Lee JY, Kim HS, Kim B, Kang JG. Vaccine Development for Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Dogs. J Microbiol 2024; 62:327-335. [PMID: 38635002 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-024-00119-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a life-threatening viral zoonosis. The causative agent of this disease is the Dabie bandavirus, which is usually known as the SFTS virus (SFTSV). Although the role of vertebrates in SFTSV transmission to humans remains uncertain, some reports have suggested that dogs could potentially transmit SFTSV to humans. Consequently, preventive measures against SFTSV in dogs are urgently needed. In the present study, dogs were immunized three times at two-week intervals with formaldehyde-inactivated SFTSV with two types of adjuvants. SFTSV (KCD46) was injected into all dogs two weeks after the final immunization. Control dogs showed viremia from 2 to 4 days post infection (dpi), and displayed white pulp atrophy in the spleen, along with a high level of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling assay (TUNEL) positive area. However, the inactivated SFTSV vaccine groups exhibited rare pathological changes and significantly reduced TUNEL positive areas in the spleen. Furthermore, SFTSV viral loads were not detected at any of the tested dpi. Our results indicate that both adjuvants can be safely used in combination with an inactivated SFTSV formulation to induce strong neutralizing antibodies. Inactivated SFTSV vaccines effectively prevent pathogenicity and viremia in dogs infected with SFTSV. In conclusion, our study highlighted the potential of inactivated SFTSV vaccination for SFTSV control in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Chan Park
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54531, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Eun Jeong
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54531, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Woo Han
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Centre, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Centre, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Bumseok Kim
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54531, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, 54531, Republic of Korea.
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Oh B, Park SC, Yang MS, Yang D, Ham G, Tark D, You MJ, Oh SI, Kim B. Difference in Intraspecies Transmissibility of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Depending on Abrogating Type 1 Interferon Signaling in Mice. Viruses 2024; 16:401. [PMID: 38543766 PMCID: PMC10974630 DOI: 10.3390/v16030401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), a tick-borne zoonotic disease, is caused by infection with SFTS virus (SFTSV). A previous study reported that human-to-human direct transmission of SFTSV can occur. However, potential animal-to-animal transmission of SFTSV without ticks has not been fully clarified. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate potential mice-to-mice transmission of SFTSV by co-housing three groups of mice [i.e., wild-type mice (WT), mice injected with an anti-type I interferon-α receptor-blocking antibody (IFNAR Ab), and mice with knockout of type I interferon-α receptor (IFNAR KO)] as spreaders or recipients with different immune competence. As a result, co-housed IFNAR Ab and IFNAR KO mice showed body weight loss with SFTS viral antigens detected in their sera, extracorporeal secretions, and various organs. Based on histopathology, white pulp atrophy in the spleen was observed in all co-housed mice except WT mice. These results obviously show that IFNAR Ab and IFNAR KO mice, as spreaders, exhibited higher transmissibility to co-housed mice than WT mice. Moreover, IFNAR KO mice, as recipients, were more susceptible to SFTSV infection than WT mice. These findings suggest that type I interferon signaling is a pivotal factor in mice intraspecies transmissibility of SFTSV in the absence of vectors such as ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byungkwan Oh
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (B.O.); (S.-C.P.); (M.-S.Y.); (D.Y.); (G.H.); (M.J.Y.); (S.-I.O.)
| | - Seok-Chan Park
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (B.O.); (S.-C.P.); (M.-S.Y.); (D.Y.); (G.H.); (M.J.Y.); (S.-I.O.)
| | - Myeon-Sik Yang
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (B.O.); (S.-C.P.); (M.-S.Y.); (D.Y.); (G.H.); (M.J.Y.); (S.-I.O.)
| | - Daram Yang
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (B.O.); (S.-C.P.); (M.-S.Y.); (D.Y.); (G.H.); (M.J.Y.); (S.-I.O.)
| | - Gaeul Ham
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (B.O.); (S.-C.P.); (M.-S.Y.); (D.Y.); (G.H.); (M.J.Y.); (S.-I.O.)
| | - Dongseob Tark
- Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention, Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, 820-120, Hana-ro, Iksan 54531, Republic of Korea;
| | - Myung Jo You
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (B.O.); (S.-C.P.); (M.-S.Y.); (D.Y.); (G.H.); (M.J.Y.); (S.-I.O.)
| | - Sang-Ik Oh
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (B.O.); (S.-C.P.); (M.-S.Y.); (D.Y.); (G.H.); (M.J.Y.); (S.-I.O.)
| | - Bumseok Kim
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (B.O.); (S.-C.P.); (M.-S.Y.); (D.Y.); (G.H.); (M.J.Y.); (S.-I.O.)
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3
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Kim D, Lai CJ, Cha I, Jung JU. Current Progress of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus (SFTSV) Vaccine Development. Viruses 2024; 16:128. [PMID: 38257828 PMCID: PMC10818334 DOI: 10.3390/v16010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
SFTSV is an emerging tick-borne virus causing hemorrhagic fever with a case fatality rate (CFR) that can reach up to 27%. With endemic infection in East Asia and the recent spread of the vector tick to more than 20 states in the United States, the SFTSV outbreak is a globally growing public health concern. However, there is currently no targeted antiviral therapy or licensed vaccine against SFTSV. Considering the age-dependent SFTS pathogenesis and disease outcome, a sophisticated vaccine development approach is required to safeguard the elderly population from lethal SFTSV infection. Given the recent emergence of SFTSV, the establishment of animal models to study immunogenicity and protection from SFTS symptoms has only occurred recently. The latest research efforts have applied diverse vaccine development approaches-including live-attenuated vaccine, DNA vaccine, whole inactivated virus vaccine, viral vector vaccine, protein subunit vaccine, and mRNA vaccine-in the quest to develop a safe and effective vaccine against SFTSV. This review aims to outline the current progress in SFTSV vaccine development and suggest future directions to enhance the safety and efficacy of these vaccines, ensuring their suitability for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dokyun Kim
- Cancer Biology Department, Infection Biology Program, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (D.K.); (C.-J.L.); (I.C.)
- Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Chih-Jen Lai
- Cancer Biology Department, Infection Biology Program, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (D.K.); (C.-J.L.); (I.C.)
- Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Inho Cha
- Cancer Biology Department, Infection Biology Program, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (D.K.); (C.-J.L.); (I.C.)
- Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jae U. Jung
- Cancer Biology Department, Infection Biology Program, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (D.K.); (C.-J.L.); (I.C.)
- Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Xu H, Jian X, Wen Y, Xu M, Jin R, Wu X, Zhou F, Cao J, Xiao G, Peng K, Xie Y, Chen H, Zhang L. A nanoluciferase SFTSV for rapid screening antivirals and real-time visualization of virus infection in mice. EBioMedicine 2024; 99:104944. [PMID: 38176215 PMCID: PMC10806088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an emerging tick-borne pathogen that causes severe hemorrhagic fever in humans, but no FDA-approved specific antivirals or vaccines are available to treat or prevent SFTS. METHODS The plasmids construction and transfection were performed to generate the recombinant SFTSV harboring the nanoluciferase gene (SFTSV-Nluc). Immunostaining plaque assay was performed to measure viral titers, and DNA electrophoresis and Sanger sequencing were performed to evaluate the genetic stability. Luciferase assay and quantitative RT-PCR were performed to evaluate the efficacy of antivirals in vitro. Bioluminescence imaging, titration of virus from excised organs, hematology, and histopathology and immunohistochemistry were performed to evaluate the efficacy of antivirals in vivo. FINDINGS SFTSV-Nluc exhibited high genetic stability and replication kinetics similar to those of wild-type virus (SFTSVwt), then a rapid high-throughput screening system for identifying inhibitors to treat SFTS was developed, and a nucleoside analog, 4-FlU, was identified to effectively inhibit SFTSV in vitro. SFTSV-Nluc mimicked the replication characteristics and localization of SFTSVwt in counterpart model mice. Bioluminescence imaging of SFTSV-Nluc allowed real-time visualization and quantification of SFTSV replication in the mice. 4-FlU was demonstrated to inhibit the replication of SFTSV with more efficiency than T-705 and without obvious adverse effect in vivo. INTERPRETATION The high-throughput screening system based on SFTSV-Nluc for use in vitro and in vivo revealed that a safe and effective antiviral nucleoside analog, 4-FlU, may be a basis for the strategic treatment of SFTSV and other bunyavirus infections, paving the way for the discovery of antivirals. FUNDING This work was supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Plan of China (2021YFC2300700 to L. Zhang, 2022YFC2303300 to L. Zhang), Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB0490000 to L. Zhang), National Natural Science Foundation of China (31970165 to L. Zhang, U22A20379 to G. Xiao), the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (21S11903100 to Y. Xie), Hubei Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars (2022CFA099 to L. Zhang).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaoqin Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxi Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Mengwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Runming Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Fen Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Junyuan Cao
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, 430200, China
| | - Gengfu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | | | - Hongbo Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Leike Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, 430200, China.
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Saga Y, Yoshida T, Yoshida R, Yazawa S, Shimada T, Inasaki N, Itamochi M, Yamazaki E, Oishi K, Tani H. Long-Term Detection and Isolation of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS) Virus in Dog Urine. Viruses 2023; 15:2228. [PMID: 38005905 PMCID: PMC10675301 DOI: 10.3390/v15112228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a tick-borne infection caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV), with a high fatality rate of approximately 30% in humans. In recent years, cases of contact infection with SFTSV via bodily fluids of infected dogs and cats have been reported. In this study, clinical and virological analyses were performed in two dogs in which SFTSV infection was confirmed for the first time in the Toyama prefecture. Both dogs recovered; however, one was severely ill and the other mildly ill. The amount of the SFTSV gene was reduced to almost similar levels in both dogs. In the dogs' sera, the SFTSV gene was detected at a low level but fell below the detection limit approximately 2 weeks after onset. Notably, the SFTSV gene was detected at levels several thousand times higher in urine than in other specimens from both dogs. Furthermore, the gene was detected in the urine for a long period of >2 months. The clinical signs disappeared on days 1 or 6 after onset, but infectious SFTSV was detected in the urine up to 3 weeks later. Therefore, it is necessary to be careful about contact with bodily fluids, especially urine, even after symptoms have disappeared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Saga
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama 939-0363, Japan; (Y.S.)
| | | | | | - Shunsuke Yazawa
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama 939-0363, Japan; (Y.S.)
| | - Takahisa Shimada
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama 939-0363, Japan; (Y.S.)
| | - Noriko Inasaki
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama 939-0363, Japan; (Y.S.)
| | - Masae Itamochi
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama 939-0363, Japan; (Y.S.)
| | - Emiko Yamazaki
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama 939-0363, Japan; (Y.S.)
| | - Kazunori Oishi
- Director-General Office, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama 939-0363, Japan
- Department of Bacteriology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama 939-0363, Japan
| | - Hideki Tani
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama 939-0363, Japan; (Y.S.)
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Kim JY, Jeon K, Park SI, Bang YJ, Park HJ, Kwak HW, Kim DH, Lee SY, Choi EJ, Cho NH, Nam JH. mRNA vaccine encoding Gn provides protection against severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in mice. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:167. [PMID: 37907507 PMCID: PMC10618158 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00771-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a promising mRNA vaccine against severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), an infectious disease caused by the SFTS virus that is primarily transmitted through tick bites. Administration of lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA-Gn successfully induced neutralizing antibodies and T-cell responses in mice. The vaccinated mice were protected against a lethal SFTS virus challenge, suggesting that this mRNA vaccine may be an effective and successful SFTS vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Yong Kim
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- SML Biopharm, Gwangmyeong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongseok Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-In Park
- SML Biopharm, Gwangmyeong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Jin Bang
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- SML Biopharm, Gwangmyeong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Jun Park
- SML Biopharm, Gwangmyeong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Kwak
- SML Biopharm, Gwangmyeong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Kim
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- SML Biopharm, Gwangmyeong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Yeon Lee
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Choi
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Hwan Nam
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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Kim EH, Park SJ. Emerging Tick-Borne Dabie bandavirus: Virology, Epidemiology, and Prevention. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2309. [PMID: 37764153 PMCID: PMC10536723 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS), caused by Dabie bandavirus (SFTSV), is an emerging infectious disease first identified in China. Since its discovery, infections have spread throughout East Asian countries primarily through tick bites but also via transmission between animals and humans. The expanding range of ticks, the primary vectors for SFTSV, combined with migration patterns of tick-carrying birds, sets the stage for the global spread of this virus. SFTSV rapidly evolves due to continuous mutation and reassortment; currently, no approved vaccines or antiviral drugs are available. Thus, the threat this virus poses to global health is unmistakable. This review consolidates the most recent research on SFTSV, including its molecular characteristics, transmission pathways through ticks and other animals, as well as the progress in antiviral drug and vaccine development, encompassing animal models and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ha Kim
- Center for Study of Emerging and Re-Emerging Viruses, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea;
| | - Su-Jin Park
- Division of Life Science, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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Kim JY, Jeon K, Hong JJ, Park SI, Cho H, Park HJ, Kwak HW, Park HJ, Bang YJ, Lee YS, Bae SH, Kim SH, Hwang KA, Jung DI, Cho SH, Seo SH, Kim G, Oh H, Lee HY, Kim KH, Lim HY, Jeon P, Lee JY, Chung J, Lee SM, Ko HL, Song M, Cho NH, Lee YS, Hong SH, Nam JH. Heterologous vaccination utilizing viral vector and protein platforms confers complete protection against SFTSV. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8189. [PMID: 37210393 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35328-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus was first discovered in 2009 as the causative agent of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. Despite its potential threat to public health, no prophylactic vaccine is yet available. This study developed a heterologous prime-boost strategy comprising priming with recombinant replication-deficient human adenovirus type 5 (rAd5) expressing the surface glycoprotein, Gn, and boosting with Gn protein. This vaccination regimen induced balanced Th1/Th2 immune responses and resulted in potent humoral and T cell-mediated responses in mice. It elicited high neutralizing antibody titers in both mice and non-human primates. Transcriptome analysis revealed that rAd5 and Gn proteins induced adaptive and innate immune pathways, respectively. This study provides immunological and mechanistic insight into this heterologous regimen and paves the way for future strategies against emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Yong Kim
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 43-1 Yeokgok-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea
- BK Plus Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- SML Biopharm, Gwangmyeong, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongseok Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Joo Hong
- Immunology and Infectious Disease Lab, National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)/University of Science and Technology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-In Park
- SML Biopharm, Gwangmyeong, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonggon Cho
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Park
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 43-1 Yeokgok-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea
- BK Plus Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Kwak
- SML Biopharm, Gwangmyeong, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Jun Park
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 43-1 Yeokgok-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea
- BK Plus Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- SML Biopharm, Gwangmyeong, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Jin Bang
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 43-1 Yeokgok-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea
- BK Plus Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- SML Biopharm, Gwangmyeong, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Sun Lee
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 43-1 Yeokgok-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea
- BK Plus Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Hyeon Bae
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 43-1 Yeokgok-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea
- BK Plus Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ah Hwang
- Department of Research and Development, Genetree Research, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Im Jung
- Science Unit, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hoo Cho
- Science Unit, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hwan Seo
- Science Unit, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Green Kim
- Immunology and Infectious Disease Lab, National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)/University of Science and Technology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanseul Oh
- Immunology and Infectious Disease Lab, National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)/University of Science and Technology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwal-Yong Lee
- Immunology and Infectious Disease Lab, National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB)/University of Science and Technology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Young Lim
- Center for Emerging Virus Research, National Institutes of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyeonghwa Jeon
- Center for Emerging Virus Research, National Institutes of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Yeon Lee
- Center for Emerging Virus Research, National Institutes of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Myeong Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Li Ko
- Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Manki Song
- Science Unit, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Suk Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - So-Hee Hong
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Hwan Nam
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 43-1 Yeokgok-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea.
- BK Plus Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Park JY, Chandran S, Hewawaduge C, Lee JH. Development and evaluation of a mouse model susceptible to severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus by rAAV-based exogenous human DC-SIGN expression. Microb Pathog 2023; 178:106079. [PMID: 36966885 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Experimental animal model is indispensable to evaluate the prophylactic and therapeutic candidates against severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV). To develop a suitable mouse model for SFTSV infection, we delivered human dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3-grabbing non-integrin (hDC-SIGN) by adeno-associated virus (AAV2) and validated its susceptibility for SFTSV infection. Western blot and RT-PCR assays confirmed the expression of hDC-SIGN in transduced cell lines and a significantly increased viral infectivity was observed in cells expressing hDC-SIGN. The C57BL/6 mice transduced with AAV2 exhibited a stable hDC-SIGN expression in the organs for 7 days. Upon SFTSV challenge with 1 × 105 FAID50, the mice transduced with rAAV-hDC-SIGN showed a 12.5% mortality and reduced platelet and white blood cell count in accordance with higher viral titer than control group. Liver and spleen samples collected from the transduced mice had pathological signs similar to the IFNAR-/- mice with severe SFTSV infection. Collectively, the rAAV-hDC-SIGN transduced mouse model can be used as an accessible and promising tool for studying the SFTSV pathogenesis and pre-clinical evaluation of vaccines and therapeutics against the SFTSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, 54596, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sivasankar Chandran
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, 54596, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chamith Hewawaduge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, 54596, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hwa Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, 54596, Iksan, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Han SW, Oh YI, Rim JM, Cho YK, Kim DH, Kang JG, Choi KS, Chae JS. Clinical features and epidemiology of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in dogs in the Republic of Korea: an observational study (2019-2020). Vet Res Commun 2022; 46:1195-1207. [PMID: 35932407 PMCID: PMC9362334 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09979-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a zoonotic disease with a high mortality rate for humans and cats. The clinical course and prognosis of SFTS in dogs remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of SFTS virus (SFTSV) infection in dogs. All evaluated dogs exhibited an acute course and symptoms including fever (57.1%), anorexia (57.1%), depression (42.9%), and vomiting (35.7%). Thrombocytopenia was present in 45.5% of dogs, while jaundice was not observed. C-reactive protein, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase were elevated in some cases. Viral clearance occurred within 6 to 26 days. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the SFTSV sequences were consistent with viruses circulating in the Republic of Korea. As dogs often live in close contact with humans, awareness of the clinical and epidemiological features of SFTS in dogs is crucial. Further large-scale studies are necessary to investigate SFTSV infection in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Woo Han
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-In Oh
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Min Rim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Cho
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hoo Kim
- Gogang Animal Hospital, 473 Yeokgok-ro, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14416, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, 54531, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Seong Choi
- College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 37224, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Mindukshev I, Fock E, Dobrylko I, Sudnitsyna J, Gambaryan S, Panteleev MA. Platelet Hemostasis Reactions at Different Temperatures Correlate with Intracellular Calcium Concentration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810667. [PMID: 36142580 PMCID: PMC9505593 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypo- and hyperthermia affect both primary and secondary hemostasis; however, there are controversial data concerning platelet activation and the underlying mechanisms under hypo- and hyperthermia. The discrepancies in the data could be partly explained by different approaches to hemostatic reactions analysis. We applied a new LaSca-TMF laser particle analyzer for a simultaneous fluorescence and laser scattering analysis of platelet responses at different temperatures. Human platelets were activated by ADP in a wide range of temperatures, and platelet transformations (e.g., a shape change reaction, aggregation and clot formation) and the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) were analyzed by LaSca-TMF and confocal microscopy. The platelet shape change reaction gradually increased with a rising temperature. The platelet aggregation strongly decreased at low ADP concentrations with the augmentation of the temperature and was independent of the temperature at high ADP concentrations. In contrast, the clotting time decreased with a temperature increase. Similar to the aggregation response, a rise in [Ca2+]i triggered by low ADP concentrations was higher under hypothermic conditions and the differences were independent of the temperature at high ADP concentrations. We showed that the key reactions of cellular hemostasis are differentially regulated by temperature and demonstrated for the first time that an accelerated aggregation under hypothermic conditions directly correlated with an increased level in [Ca2+]i in platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Mindukshev
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 Thorez Ave., 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Fock
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 Thorez Ave., 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina Dobrylko
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 Thorez Ave., 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Julia Sudnitsyna
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 Thorez Ave., 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 30 Srednyaya Kalitnikovskaya St., 109029 Moscow, Russia
| | - Stepan Gambaryan
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 Thorez Ave., 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Mikhail A. Panteleev
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 30 Srednyaya Kalitnikovskaya St., 109029 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (M.A.P.)
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12
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Zhou CM, Qi R, Qin XR, Fang LZ, Han HJ, Lei XY, Yu XJ. Oral and ocular transmission of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus. INFECTIOUS MEDICINE 2022; 1:2-6. [PMID: 38074978 PMCID: PMC10699656 DOI: 10.1016/j.imj.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a tick-borne bunyavirus that could cause a severe hemorrhagic fever termed SFTS with a high fatality rate of up to 30%. Importantly, SFTSV is frequently transmitted from person-to-person and patients' blood or excreta are considered as the risk factors for transmission of SFTSV. However, the mechanism of person-to-person transmission of SFTSV is still elusive. METHODS In this study, wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 J mice and a lethal SFTSV mouse model IFNAR-/- A129 mice were utilized to evaluate whether SFTSV could be transmitted via oral or ocular routes. C57BL/6 J mice were inoculated with cell-cultured SFTSV via oral and ocular inoculation. IFNAR-/- A129 mice were inoculated with cell-cultured SFTSV or SFTSV infected mouse acute sera via oral and ocular inoculation. RESULTS We found that SFTSV antibody positive rates in C57BL/6 J mice were 70% (7/10) and 30% (3/10) in the oral inoculation group and ocular inoculation group, respectively on day 21 post SFTSV inoculation. The mortality rates of IFNAR-/- mice with oral and ocular inoculation of cell-cultured SFTSV were 100% and 83.33% (5/6), respectively on day 6 post inoculation. The mortality rates of IFNAR-/- mice with oral and ocular inoculation of SFTSV infected mouse acute serum were 100% and 66.67% (4/6), respectively on day 9 post inoculation. CONCLUSIONS Together, our results show that SFTSV can be transmitted effectively through oral and ocular membrane, suggesting exposure to SFTS positive excreta may be a high-risk factor of nosocomial transmission of SFTSV in hospitals and/or families. Family members and healthcare workers should be protected properly during taking care of SFTS patients to prevent SFTSV nosocomial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Qi
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiang-Rong Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Li-Zhu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui-Ju Han
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Lei
- Department of Microbiological Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xue-Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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13
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Sun J, Min YQ, Li Y, Sun X, Deng F, Wang H, Ning YJ. Animal Model of Severe Fever With Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Infection. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:797189. [PMID: 35087498 PMCID: PMC8787146 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.797189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), an emerging life-threatening infectious disease caused by SFTS bunyavirus (SFTSV; genus Bandavirus, family Phenuiviridae, order Bunyavirales), has been a significant medical problem. Currently, there are no licensed vaccines or specific therapeutic agents available and the viral pathogenesis remains largely unclear. Developing appropriate animal models capable of recapitulating SFTSV infection in humans is crucial for both the study of the viral pathogenic processes and the development of treatment and prevention strategies. Here, we review the current progress in animal models for SFTSV infection by summarizing susceptibility of various potential animal models to SFTSV challenge and the clinical manifestations and histopathological changes in these models. Together with exemplification of studies on SFTSV molecular mechanisms, vaccine candidates, and antiviral drugs, in which animal infection models are utilized, the strengths and limitations of the existing SFTSV animal models and some important directions for future research are also discussed. Further exploration and optimization of SFTSV animal models and the corresponding experimental methods will be undoubtedly valuable for elucidating the viral infection and pathogenesis and evaluating vaccines and antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Qin Min
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiulian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hualin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun-Jia Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and National Virus Resource Center, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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14
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Park SC, Park JY, Choi JY, Oh B, Yang MS, Lee SY, Kim JW, Eo SK, Chae JS, Lim CW, Oem JK, Tark DS, Kim B. Experimental infection of dogs with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus: Pathogenicity and potential for intraspecies transmission. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:3090-3096. [PMID: 34716981 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is caused by infection with Dabie bandavirus [formerly SFTS virus (SFTSV)] and is an emerging zoonotic disease. Dogs can be infected with SFTSV, but its pathogenicity and transmissibility have not been fully elucidated. In experiment 1, immunocompetent dogs were intramuscularly inoculated with SFTSV. In experiment 2, immunosuppressed dogs (immunosuppressed group; oral azathioprine 5 mg/kg/day for 30 days) were intramuscularly inoculated with SFTSV. Both immunosuppressed and immunocompetent contact dogs were co-housed with the SFTSV-inoculated dogs that had been immunosuppressed. Immunocompetent SFTSV-infected dogs did not show any clinical symptom. However, immunosuppressed SFTSV-infected dogs showed high fever and weight loss without lethality. In all SFTSV-infected dogs, viral RNA could be measured in the serum only after 3 days post infection (DPI) and neutralizing antibodies were detected in the serum beginning 9 DPI. SFTSV shedding in the urine and faeces of some infected dogs occurred between 4 and 6 DPI. The immunocompromised SFTSV-infected dogs showed thrombocytopenia beginning 3 DPI to the end of the experiment (24 DPI). We confirmed SFTSV transmission to one of three immunocompetent co-housed dogs. This dog showed a high fever, weight loss, and shed viral RNA by urine. Viral RNA and neutralizing antibodies were also detected in the serum. These results demonstrated that intramuscular inoculation with SFTSV induced minor clinical symptoms in dogs, and intraspecies SFTSV transmission in dogs can occur by contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Chan Park
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Young Park
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Choi
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungkwan Oh
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeon-Sik Yang
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook-Young Lee
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Won Kim
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Kug Eo
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Seok Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Centre, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Woong Lim
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ku Oem
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seob Tark
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- Bio-Safety Research Institute and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
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15
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Vaccine Development for Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome. Viruses 2021; 13:v13040627. [PMID: 33917632 PMCID: PMC8067456 DOI: 10.3390/v13040627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), which is caused by SFTS virus (SFTSV), is a tick-borne emerging zoonosis with a high case-fatality rate. At present, there is no approved SFTS vaccine, although the development of a vaccine would be one of the best strategies for preventing SFTS. This article focused on studies aimed at establishing small animal models of SFTS that are indispensable for evaluating vaccine candidates, developing these vaccine candidates, and establishing more practical animal models for evaluation. Innate immune-deficient mouse models, a hamster model, an immunocompetent ferret model and a cat model have been developed for SFTS. Several vaccine candidates for SFTS have been developed, and their efficacy has been confirmed using these animal models. The candidates consist of live-attenuated virus-based, viral vector-based, or DNA-based vaccines. SFTS vaccines are expected to be used for humans and companion dogs and cats. Hence for practical use, the vaccine candidates should be evaluated for efficacy using not only nonhuman primates but also dogs and cats. There is no practical nonhuman primate model of SFTS; however, the cat model is available to evaluate the efficacy of these candidate SFTS vaccines on domesticated animals.
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