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Saladino GM, Brodin B, Kakadiya R, Toprak MS, Hertz HM. Iterative nanoparticle bioengineering enabled by x-ray fluorescence imaging. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl2267. [PMID: 38517973 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl2267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are currently developed for drug delivery and molecular imaging. However, they often get intercepted before reaching their target, leading to low targeting efficacy and signal-to-noise ratio. They tend to accumulate in organs like lungs, liver, kidneys, and spleen. The remedy is to iteratively engineer NP surface properties and administration strategies, presently a time-consuming process that includes organ dissection at different time points. To improve this, we propose a rapid iterative approach using whole-animal x-ray fluorescence (XRF) imaging to systematically evaluate NP distribution in vivo. We applied this method to molybdenum-based NPs and clodronate liposomes for tumor targeting with transient macrophage depletion, leading to reduced accumulations in lungs and liver and eventual tumor detection. XRF computed tomography (XFCT) provided 3D insight into NP distribution within the tumor. We validated the results using a multiscale imaging approach with dye-doped NPs and gene expression analysis for nanotoxicological profiling. XRF imaging holds potential for advancing therapeutics and diagnostics in preclinical pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni M Saladino
- Department of Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-Ray Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bertha Brodin
- Department of Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-Ray Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ronak Kakadiya
- Department of Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-Ray Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Muhammet S Toprak
- Department of Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-Ray Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans M Hertz
- Department of Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-Ray Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Ilvonen P, Pusa R, Härkönen K, Laitinen S, Impola U. Distinct targeting and uptake of platelet and red blood cell-derived extracellular vesicles into immune cells. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 3:e130. [PMID: 38938679 PMCID: PMC11080822 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Blood-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold great therapeutic potential. As blood contains mixed EV populations, it is challenging to study EVs originating from different cells separately. Blood cell concentrates manufactured in blood banks offer an excellent non-invasive source of blood cell-specific EV populations. To study blood cell-specific EVs, we isolated EVs from platelet (TREVs) and red blood cell (EryEVs) concentrates and characterized them using nanoparticle tracking analysis, imaging flow cytometry, electron microscopy and western blot analysis and co-cultured them with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Our aim was to use imaging flow cytometry to investigate EV interaction with PBMCs as well as study their effects on T-lymphocyte populations to better understand their possible biological functions. As a conclusion, TREVs interacted with PBMCs more than EryEVs. Distinctively, TREVs were uptaken into CD11c+ monocytes rapidly and into CD19+ B-lymphocytes in 24 h. EryEVs were not uptaken into CD11c+ monocytes before the 24-h time point, and they were only seen on the surface of lymphocytes. Neither TREVs nor EryEV were uptaken into CD3+ T-lymphocytes and no effect on T-cell populations was detected. We have previously seen similar differences in targeting PC-3 cancer cells. Further studies are needed to address the functional properties of blood cell concentrate-derived EVs. This study demonstrates that imaging flow cytometry can be used to study the distinctive differences in the interaction and uptake of EVs. Considering our current and previous results, EVs present a new valuable component for the future development of blood-derived therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reetta Pusa
- Finnish Red Cross Blood ServiceHelsinkiFinland
| | | | | | - Ulla Impola
- Finnish Red Cross Blood ServiceHelsinkiFinland
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3
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Uzhytchak M, Smolková B, Frtús A, Stupakov A, Lunova M, Scollo F, Hof M, Jurkiewicz P, Sullivan GJ, Dejneka A, Lunov O. Sensitivity of endogenous autofluorescence in HeLa cells to the application of external magnetic fields. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10818. [PMID: 37402779 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dramatically increased levels of electromagnetic radiation in the environment have raised concerns over the potential health hazards of electromagnetic fields. Various biological effects of magnetic fields have been proposed. Despite decades of intensive research, the molecular mechanisms procuring cellular responses remain largely unknown. The current literature is conflicting with regards to evidence that magnetic fields affect functionality directly at the cellular level. Therefore, a search for potential direct cellular effects of magnetic fields represents a cornerstone that may propose an explanation for potential health hazards associated with magnetic fields. It has been proposed that autofluorescence of HeLa cells is magnetic field sensitive, relying on single-cell imaging kinetic measurements. Here, we investigate the magnetic field sensitivity of an endogenous autofluorescence in HeLa cells. Under the experimental conditions used, magnetic field sensitivity of an endogenous autofluorescence was not observed in HeLa cells. We present a number of arguments indicating why this is the case in the analysis of magnetic field effects based on the imaging of cellular autofluorescence decay. Our work indicates that new methods are required to elucidate the effects of magnetic fields at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Uzhytchak
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 18221, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Smolková
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 18221, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Frtús
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 18221, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandr Stupakov
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 18221, Czech Republic
| | - Mariia Lunova
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 18221, Czech Republic
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Prague, 14021, Czech Republic
| | - Federica Scollo
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 18223, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hof
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 18223, Czech Republic
| | - Piotr Jurkiewicz
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 18223, Czech Republic
| | - Gareth John Sullivan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexandr Dejneka
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 18221, Czech Republic
| | - Oleg Lunov
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 18221, Czech Republic.
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4
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van der Pan K, Khatri I, de Jager AL, Louis A, Kassem S, Naber BA, de Laat IF, Hameetman M, Comans SE, Orfao A, van Dongen JJ, Díez P, Teodosio C. Performance of spectral flow cytometry and mass cytometry for the study of innate myeloid cell populations. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1191992. [PMID: 37275858 PMCID: PMC10235610 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1191992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Monitoring of innate myeloid cells (IMC) is broadly applied in basic and translational research, as well as in diagnostic patient care. Due to their immunophenotypic heterogeneity and biological plasticity, analysis of IMC populations typically requires large panels of markers. Currently, two cytometry-based techniques allow for the simultaneous detection of ≥40 markers: spectral flow cytometry (SFC) and mass cytometry (MC). However, little is known about the comparability of SFC and MC in studying IMC populations. Methods We evaluated the performance of two SFC and MC panels, which contained 21 common markers, for the identification and subsetting of blood IMC populations. Based on unsupervised clustering analysis, we systematically identified 24 leukocyte populations, including 21 IMC subsets, regardless of the cytometry technique. Results Overall, comparable results were observed between the two technologies regarding the relative distribution of these cell populations and the staining resolution of individual markers (Pearson's ρ=0.99 and 0.55, respectively). However, minor differences were observed between the two techniques regarding intra-measurement variability (median coefficient of variation of 42.5% vs. 68.0% in SFC and MC, respectively; p<0.0001) and reproducibility, which were most likely due to the significantly longer acquisition times (median 16 min vs. 159 min) and lower recovery rates (median 53.1% vs. 26.8%) associated with SFC vs. MC. Discussion Altogether, our results show a good correlation between SFC and MC for the identification, enumeration and characterization of IMC in blood, based on large panels (>20) of antibody reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyra van der Pan
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Indu Khatri
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anniek L. de Jager
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Alesha Louis
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sara Kassem
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Brigitta A.E. Naber
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Inge F. de Laat
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn Hameetman
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Suzanne E.T. Comans
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC; University of Salamanca - CSIC), Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca and Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jacques J.M. van Dongen
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC; University of Salamanca - CSIC), Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca and Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Paula Díez
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
- Sarcomas and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA) and Asturias Central University Hospital (HUCA), Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Cristina Teodosio
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
- Translational and Clinical Research Program, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC; University of Salamanca - CSIC), Cytometry Service, NUCLEUS, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca and Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
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5
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Jameson VJ, Luke T, Yan Y, Hind A, Evrard M, Man K, Mackay LK, Kallies A, Villadangos JA, McWilliam HEG, Perez‐Gonzalez A. Unlocking autofluorescence in the era of full spectrum analysis: Implications for immunophenotype discovery projects. Cytometry A 2022; 101:922-941. [PMID: 35349225 PMCID: PMC9519814 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the complex elements affecting signal resolution in cytometry is key for quality experimental design and data. In this study, we incorporate autofluorescence as a contributing factor to our understanding of resolution in cytometry and corroborate its impact in fluorescence signal detection through mathematical predictions supported by empirical evidence. Our findings illustrate the critical importance of autofluorescence extraction via full spectrum unmixing in unmasking dim signals and delineating the expression and subset distribution of low abundance markers in discovery projects. We apply our findings to the precise definition of the tissue and cellular distribution of a weakly expressed fluorescent protein that reports on a low-abundance immunological gene. Exploiting the full spectrum coverage enabled by Aurora 5L, we describe a novel approach to the isolation of pure cell subset-specific autofluorescence profiles based on high dimensionality reduction algorithms. This method can also be used to unveil differences in the autofluorescent fingerprints of tissues in homeostasis and after immunological challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanta J. Jameson
- Department of Anatomy and PhysiologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia,Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and ImmunityParkvilleVictoriaAustralia,Melbourne Cytometry PlatformThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Tina Luke
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and ImmunityParkvilleVictoriaAustralia,Melbourne Cytometry PlatformThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Yuting Yan
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and ImmunityParkvilleVictoriaAustralia,School of MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Angela Hind
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and ImmunityParkvilleVictoriaAustralia,Melbourne Cytometry PlatformThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Maximilien Evrard
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and ImmunityParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Kevin Man
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and ImmunityParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Laura K. Mackay
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and ImmunityParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Axel Kallies
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and ImmunityParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jose A. Villadangos
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and ImmunityParkvilleVictoriaAustralia,Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology InstituteThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Hamish E. G. McWilliam
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and ImmunityParkvilleVictoriaAustralia,Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology InstituteThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Alexis Perez‐Gonzalez
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyThe University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and ImmunityParkvilleVictoriaAustralia,Melbourne Cytometry PlatformThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
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6
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Kandhi R, Variya B, Ramanathan S, Ilangumaran S. An improved method for isolation and flow cytometric characterization of intrahepatic leukocytes from fatty and fibrotic liver tissues. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2022; 306:1011-1030. [PMID: 35848859 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Flow cytometry is an imperative tool to characterize alterations in a wide range of immune cell populations during inflammatory conditions and disease states that affect the liver such as the obesity-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis. Identification and quantification of immune cell subsets from the liver is critically dependent on efficient isolation of intrahepatic leukocytes. The isolation of leukocytes from fatty and fibrotic livers and processing the cells for flow cytometry can be challenging with respect to cell yields, purity and most importantly, the level of autofluorescence resulting from fat deposition. Here, we describe an efficient method for isolating intrahepatic leukocytes from mice fed with high fat diet and propose a strategy to alleviate autofluorescence during phenotyping by multicolor flowcytometry. We also describe a gating strategy for robust identification of granulocytes, pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and transitional state monocyte subsets, dendritic cells, B cell, T lymphocyte subpopulations and NK cell subsets. Overall, the procedures described here will allow simultaneous processing of several samples while ensuring reproducible cell isolation and efficient noise reduction required for reliable characterization of intrahepatic leukocytes from the fatty liver tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajani Kandhi
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Bhavesh Variya
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Sheela Ramanathan
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Subburaj Ilangumaran
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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7
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Celecoxib Microparticles for Inhalation in COVID-19-Related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071392. [PMID: 35890288 PMCID: PMC9320401 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhalation therapy is gaining increasing attention for the delivery of drugs destined to treat respiratory disorders associated with cytokine storms, such as COVID-19. The pathogenesis of COVID-19 includes an inflammatory storm with the release of cytokines from macrophages, which may be treated with anti-inflammatory drugs as celecoxib (CXB). For this, CXB-loaded PLGA microparticles (MPs) for inhaled therapy and that are able to be internalized by alveolar macrophages, were developed. MPs were prepared with 5% and 10% initial percentages of CXB (MP-C1 and MP-C2). For both systems, the mean particle size was around 5 µm, which was adequate for macrophage uptake, and the mean encapsulation efficiency was >89%. The in vitro release of CXB was prolonged for more than 40 and 70 days, respectively. The uptake of fluorescein-loaded PLGA MPs by the RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line was evidenced by flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy and confocal microscopy. CXB-loaded PLGA MPs did not produce cytotoxicity at the concentrations assayed. The anti-inflammatory activity of CXB (encapsulated and in solution) was evaluated by determining the IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α levels at 24 h and 72 h in RAW 264.7 macrophages, resulting in a higher degree of reduction in the expression of inflammatory mediators for CXB in solution. A potent degree of gene expression reduction was obtained with the developed CXB-loaded MPs.
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Phelps DS, Chinchilli VM, Yang L, Shearer D, Weisz J, Zhang X, Floros J. The alveolar macrophage toponome of female SP-A knockout mice differs from that of males before and after SP-A1 rescue. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5039. [PMID: 35322074 PMCID: PMC8943067 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08114-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Using the Toponome Imaging System (TIS), a serial immunostainer, we studied the patterns of expression of multiple markers in alveolar macrophages (AM) from female mice lacking surfactant protein A (SP-A knockouts; KO) after "rescue" with exogenous SP-A1. We also used a 7-marker subset to compare with AM from males. AM were harvested 18 h after intrapharyngeal SP-A1 or vehicle, attached to slides, and subjected to serial immunostaining for 12 markers. Expression of the markers in each pixel of the image was analyzed both in the whole image and in individual selected cells. The marker combination in each pixel is referred to as a combinatorial molecular phenotype (CMP). A subset of antibodies was used to compare AM from male mice to the females. We found: (a) extensive AM heterogeneity in females by CMP analysis and by clustering analysis of CMPs in single cells; (b) AM from female KO mice respond to exogenous SP-A1 by increasing CMP phenotypic diversity and perhaps enhancing their potential innate immune capabilities; and (c) comparison of male and female AM responses to SP-A1 revealed that males respond more vigorously than females and clustering analysis was more effective in distinguishing males from females rather than treated from control.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S. Phelps
- grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Penn State Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research and Departments of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - Vernon M. Chinchilli
- grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - Lili Yang
- grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Penn State Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research and Departments of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - Debra Shearer
- grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - Judith Weisz
- grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - Xuesheng Zhang
- grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Penn State Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research and Departments of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - Joanna Floros
- grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Penn State Center for Host Defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research and Departments of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 USA ,grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
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9
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Wanner N, Barnhart J, Apostolakis N, Zlojutro V, Asosingh K. Using the Autofluorescence Finder on the Sony ID7000 TM Spectral Cell Analyzer to Identify and Unmix Multiple Highly Autofluorescent Murine Lung Populations. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:827987. [PMID: 35372303 PMCID: PMC8965042 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.827987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autofluorescence (AF) is a feature of all cell types, though some have more than others. In tissues with complex heterogeneous cellularity, AF is frequently a source of high background, masking faint fluorescent signals and reducing the available dynamic range of detectors for detecting fluorescence signals from markers of interest in a flow cytometry panel. Pulmonary flow cytometry presents unique challenges because lung cells are heterogeneous and contain varying amounts of high AF. The goal of this study was to demonstrate how a novel AF Finder tool on the Sony ID7000™ Spectral Cell Analyzer can be used to identify and screen multiple AF subsets in complex highly AF tissues like murine lungs. In lung single cell suspensions, the AF Finder tool identified four distinct AF spectra from six highly AF subsets. The subtraction of these distinct AF spectra resulted in a resolution increase by several log decades in several fluorescent channels. The major immune and lung tissue resident cells in a murine model of asthma were easily identified in a multi-color panel using AF subtraction. The findings demonstrate the practicality of the AF Finder tool, particularly when analyzing samples with multiple AF populations of varying intensities, in order to reduce fluorescence background and increase signal resolution in spectral flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Wanner
- Asosingh Lab, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | | | - Nicholas Apostolakis
- Asosingh Lab, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Violetta Zlojutro
- Asosingh Lab, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Kewal Asosingh
- Asosingh Lab, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Flow Cytometry Core, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
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10
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Sulfasalazine Microparticles Targeting Macrophages for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases Affecting the Synovial Cavity. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13070951. [PMID: 34202859 PMCID: PMC8309090 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease with sulfasalazine (SSZ) extensively used for long-term treatment of both juvenile and adult RA. Its use is associated with adverse effects and toxicity due to its non-selective biodistribution. Macrophages play an important role in inflammatory processes. In order to target SSZ to macrophages in this work two microparticulate systems (MPs) are developed: SSZ-loaded PLGA MPs without and with α-tocopherol, with particle sizes lower than 5 μm and encapsulation efficiencies of 81.07 ± 11% and 63.50 ± 6.62%, respectively. Release of SSZ from MPs prepared with α-tocopherol was prolonged for 20 days. In RAW 264.7 cell macrophages MPs prepared with α-tocopherol were captured faster. Cell viability studies confirmed that SSZ-loaded MPs prepared without and with α-tocopherol did not produce cytotoxicity at the concentrations assayed. The anti-inflammatory activity of SSZ-loaded MPs was studied by quantifying interleukins IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α in macrophages. All formulations produced a significant reduction of cytokine concentrations after 24 and 72 h, indicating that release of SSZ from the MPs was able to inhibit the inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Gene expression of IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α was decreased by SSZ-loaded MPs. SSZ-loaded MPs prepared with α-tocopherol will potentially allow increasing the residence time of SSZ in the synovial cavity, prolonging its duration of action, and reducing the adverse effects associated with its non-selective biodistribution.
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11
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Emam M, Tabatabaei S, Sargolzaei M, Mallard B. Response to Oxidative Burst-Induced Hypoxia Is Associated With Macrophage Inflammatory Profiles as Revealed by Cellular Genome-Wide Association. Front Immunol 2021; 12:688503. [PMID: 34220845 PMCID: PMC8253053 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.688503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In mammalian species, hypoxia is a prominent feature of inflammation. The role of hypoxia in regulating macrophage responses via alteration in metabolic pathways is well established. Recently, oxidative burst-induced hypoxia has been shown in murine macrophages after phagocytosis. Despite the available detailed information on the regulation of macrophage function at transcriptomic and epigenomic levels, the association of genetic polymorphism and macrophage function has been less explored. Previously, we have shown that host genetics controls approximately 80% of the variation in an oxidative burst as measured by nitric oxide (NO-). Further studies revealed two clusters of transcription factors (hypoxia-related and inflammatory-related) are under the genetic control that shapes macrophages’ pro-inflammatory characteristics. Material and Methods In the current study, the association between 43,066 autosomal Single Nucleic Polymorphism (SNPs) and the ability of MDMs in production of NO- in response to E. coli was evaluated in 58 Holstein cows. The positional candidate genes near significant SNPs were selected to perform functional analysis. In addition, the interaction between the positional candidate genes and differentially expressed genes from our previous study was investigated. Results Sixty SNPs on 22 chromosomes of the bovine genome were found to be significantly associated with NO- production of macrophages. The functional genomic analysis showed a significant interaction between positional candidate genes and mitochondria-related differentially expressed genes from the previous study. Further examination showed 7 SNPs located in the vicinity of genes with roles in response to hypoxia, shaping approximately 73% of the observed individual variation in NO- production by MDM. Regarding the normoxic condition of macrophage culture in this study, it was hypothesized that oxidative burst is responsible for causing hypoxia at the cellular level. Conclusion The results suggest that the genetic polymorphism via regulation of response to hypoxia is a candidate step that perhaps shapes macrophage functional characteristics in the pathway of phagocytosis leading to oxidative burst, hypoxia, cellular response to hypoxia and finally the pro-inflammatory responses. Since all cells in one individual carry the same alleles, the effect of genetic predisposition of sensitivity to hypoxia will likely be notable on the clinical outcome to a broad range of host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Emam
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Saeid Tabatabaei
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Mehdi Sargolzaei
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.,Select Sires Inc., Plain City, OH, United States
| | - Bonnie Mallard
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.,Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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12
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Roca CP, Burton OT, Gergelits V, Prezzemolo T, Whyte CE, Halpert R, Kreft Ł, Collier J, Botzki A, Spidlen J, Humblet-Baron S, Liston A. AutoSpill is a principled framework that simplifies the analysis of multichromatic flow cytometry data. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2890. [PMID: 34001872 PMCID: PMC8129071 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23126-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Compensating in flow cytometry is an unavoidable challenge in the data analysis of fluorescence-based flow cytometry. Even the advent of spectral cytometry cannot circumvent the spillover problem, with spectral unmixing an intrinsic part of such systems. The calculation of spillover coefficients from single-color controls has remained essentially unchanged since its inception, and is increasingly limited in its ability to deal with high-parameter flow cytometry. Here, we present AutoSpill, an alternative method for calculating spillover coefficients. The approach combines automated gating of cells, calculation of an initial spillover matrix based on robust linear regression, and iterative refinement to reduce error. Moreover, autofluorescence can be compensated out, by processing it as an endogenous dye in an unstained control. AutoSpill uses single-color controls and is compatible with common flow cytometry software. AutoSpill allows simpler and more robust workflows, while reducing the magnitude of compensation errors in high-parameter flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos P Roca
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Oliver T Burton
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Václav Gergelits
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Teresa Prezzemolo
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carly E Whyte
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stéphanie Humblet-Baron
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adrian Liston
- VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK.
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13
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The IL-10GFP (VeRT-X) mouse strain is not suitable for the detection of IL-10 production by granulocytes during lung inflammation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247895. [PMID: 33979348 PMCID: PMC8115804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The clear and unequivocal identification of immune effector functions is essential to understand immune responses. The cytokine IL-10 is a critical immune regulator and was shown, for example, to limit pathology during various lung diseases. However, the clear identification of IL-10-producing cells is challenging and, therefore, reporter mouse lines were developed to facilitate their detection. Several such reporter lines utilize GFP, including the IL-10GFP (VeRT-X) reporter strain studied here. In line with previous reports, we found that this IL-10GFP line faithfully reports on the IL-10 production of lymphoid cells. However, we show that the IL-10GFP reporter is not suitable to analyse IL-10 production of myeloid cells during inflammation. During inflammation, the autofluorescence of myeloid cells increased to an extent that entirely masked the IL-10-specific GFP-signal. Our data illustrate a general and important technical caveat using GFP-reporter lines for the analysis of myeloid cells and suggest that previous reports on effector functions of myeloid cells using such GFP-based reporters might require re-evaluation.
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14
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Vieira BM, Corrêa de Souza C, Masid de Brito D, Ferreira RN, Brum RS, Gaspar Elsas MIC, Xavier Elsas P. 5-lipoxygenase- and Glucocorticoid-dependent eosinophilia in a novel surgical model in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 94:107440. [PMID: 33588174 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subcutaneous implants of heat-coagulated egg white (egg white implants, EWI) induce intense local eosinophilia and prime for hyperreactivity following airway ovalbumin challenge. The roles of allergen sensitization, surgical trauma-induced glucocorticoids, and the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway were hitherto unexplored in this model, in which quantitative recovery and large-scale purification of the eosinophils from the inflammatory site for functional and immunopharmacological studies are difficult to achieve. METHODS We overcame this limitation by shifting the implantation site to the peritoneal cavity (EWIp), thereby enabling quantitative leukocyte retrieval. RESULTS By day 7 post-surgery, eosinophil counts reached ~ 30% of all leukocytes recovered. Eosinophilia was prevented by: a) induction of allergen-specific oral tolerance to ovalbumin, the main allergen in egg white; b) inactivation of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway; c) blockade of endogenous glucocorticoid signaling by pretreatment with metirapone plus mifepristone before surgery. Highly purified eosinophils (~99% pure) could be obtained from the peritoneal exudate of EWIp-carrier mice in 2 simple, antibody-free steps. Preparative-scale yields, suitable for most biochemical, pharmacological, and molecular applications, were routinely obtained, and could be further enhanced through addition of pre-or post-surgery immunization steps (active or adoptive). The recovered eosinophils were fully functional in vivo, as demonstrated by the transfer of purified eosinophils into eosinophil-deficient Δdbl-GATA-1-KO mice, which upon subsequent challenge with eotaxin-1 present secondary accumulation of neutrophils, but not of mononuclear phagocytes. CONCLUSION These findings document glucocorticoid-, allergen- and 5-lipoxygenase-dependent eosinophilia, which makes EWIp carriers an abundant source of pure, nontransgenic eosinophils for immunopharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Marques Vieira
- Dept. Immunology, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carina Corrêa de Souza
- Postgraduate Programme in Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, UFF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniela Masid de Brito
- Dept. Immunology, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renato Nunes Ferreira
- Dept. Immunology, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rebeca S Brum
- Postgraduate Programme in Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, UFF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Ignez C Gaspar Elsas
- Dept. Pediatrics, Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro Xavier Elsas
- Dept. Immunology, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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15
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Maiborodin I, Shevela A, Toder M, Marchukov S, Tursunova N, Klinnikova M, Maiborodina V, Lushnikova E, Shevela A. Multipotent Stromal Cell Extracellular Vesicle Distribution in Distant Organs after Introduction into a Bone Tissue Defect of a Limb. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11040306. [PMID: 33916128 PMCID: PMC8066794 DOI: 10.3390/life11040306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
When administered intravenously, extracellular vesicles derived from multipotent stromal cells (MSC EVs) immediately pass through the lungs along with the blood and regularly spread to all organs. When administered intraperitoneally, they are absorbed either into the blood or into the lymph and are quickly disseminated throughout the body. The possibility of generalized spread of MSC EVs to distant organs in case of local intratissular administration remains unexplored. However, it is impossible to exclude MSC EV influence on tissues distant from the injection site due to the active or passive migration of these injected nanoparticles through the vessels. The research is based on findings obtained when studying the samples of lungs, heart, spleen, and liver of outbred rabbits of both sexes weighing 3-4 kg at various times after the injection of EVs derived from MSCs of bone marrow origin and labeled by PKH26 into an artificially created defect of the proximal condyle of the tibia. MSC EVs were isolated by serial ultracentrifugation and characterized by transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry. After the introduction of MSC EVs into the damaged proximal condyle of the tibia of rabbits, these MSC EVs can be found most frequently in the lungs, myocardium, liver, and spleen. MSC EVs enter all of these organs with the blood flow. The lungs contained the maximum number of labeled MSC EVs; moreover, they were often associated with detritus and were located in the lumen of the alveoli. In the capillary network of various organs except the myocardium, MSC EVs are adsorbed by paravasal phagocytes; in some cases, specifically labeled small dust-like objects can be detected throughout the entire experiment-up to ten days of observation. Therefore, we can conclude that the entire body, including distant organs, is effected both by antigenic detritus, which appeared in the bloodstream after extensive surgery, and MSC EVs introduced from the outside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Maiborodin
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Pathomorphology, Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine”, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Akademika Timakova st., 2, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia; (N.T.); (M.K.); (V.M.); (E.L.)
- The Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Akademika Lavrenteva str., 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.S.); (S.M.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Aleksandr Shevela
- The Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Akademika Lavrenteva str., 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.S.); (S.M.); (A.S.)
- International Center of Dental Implantology “iDent”, Sibrevkoma st., 9b, 630007 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Michael Toder
- International Center of Dental Implantology “iDent”, Sibrevkoma st., 9b, 630007 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Sergey Marchukov
- The Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Akademika Lavrenteva str., 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.S.); (S.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Natalya Tursunova
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Pathomorphology, Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine”, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Akademika Timakova st., 2, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia; (N.T.); (M.K.); (V.M.); (E.L.)
| | - Marina Klinnikova
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Pathomorphology, Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine”, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Akademika Timakova st., 2, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia; (N.T.); (M.K.); (V.M.); (E.L.)
| | - Vitalina Maiborodina
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Pathomorphology, Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine”, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Akademika Timakova st., 2, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia; (N.T.); (M.K.); (V.M.); (E.L.)
| | - Elena Lushnikova
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Pathomorphology, Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine”, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Akademika Timakova st., 2, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia; (N.T.); (M.K.); (V.M.); (E.L.)
| | - Andrew Shevela
- The Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Akademika Lavrenteva str., 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.S.); (S.M.); (A.S.)
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16
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Lim TKY, Ruthazer ES. Microglial trogocytosis and the complement system regulate axonal pruning in vivo. eLife 2021; 10:e62167. [PMID: 33724186 PMCID: PMC7963485 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Partial phagocytosis-called trogocytosis-of axons by microglia has been documented in ex vivo preparations but has not been directly observed in vivo. The mechanisms that modulate microglial trogocytosis of axons and its function in neural circuit development remain poorly understood. Here, we directly observe axon trogocytosis by microglia in vivo in the developing Xenopus laevis retinotectal circuit. We show that microglia regulate pruning of retinal ganglion cell axons and are important for proper behavioral response to dark and bright looming stimuli. Using bioinformatics, we identify amphibian regulator of complement activation 3, a homolog of human CD46, as a neuronally expressed synapse-associated complement inhibitory molecule that inhibits trogocytosis and axonal pruning. Using a membrane-bound complement C3 fusion protein, we demonstrate that enhancing complement activity enhances axonal pruning. Our results support the model that microglia remodel axons via trogocytosis and that neurons can control this process through expression of complement inhibitory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony KY Lim
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
| | - Edward S Ruthazer
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill UniversityMontrealCanada
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17
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Phelps DS, Chinchilli VM, Weisz J, Yang L, Shearer D, Zhang X, Floros J. Differences in the alveolar macrophage toponome in humanized SP-A1 and SP-A2 transgenic mice. JCI Insight 2020; 5:141410. [PMID: 33141765 PMCID: PMC7819750 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.141410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are differentially regulated by human surfactant protein-A1 (SP-A1) or SP-A2. However, AMs are very heterogeneous and differences are difficult to characterize in intact cells. Using the Toponome Imaging System (TIS), an imaging technique that uses sequential immunostaining to identify patterns of biomarker expression or combinatorial molecular phenotypes (CMPs), we studied individual single cells and identified subgroups of AMs (n = 168) from SP-A–KO mice and mice expressing either SP-A1 or SP-A2. The effects, as shown by CMPs, of SP-A1 and SP-A2 on AMs were significant and differed. SP-A1 AMs were the most diverse and shared the fewest CMPs with KO and SP-A2. Clustering analysis of each group showed 3 clusters where the CMP-based phenotype was distinct in each cluster. Moreover, a clustering analysis of all 168 AMs revealed 10 clusters, many dominated by 1 group. Some CMP overlap among groups was observed with SP-A2 AMs sharing the most CMPs and SP-A1 AMs the fewest. The CMP-based patterns identified here provide a basis for understanding not only AMs’ diversity, but also most importantly, the molecular basis for the diversity of functional differences in mouse models where the impact of genetics of innate immune molecules on AMs has been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Phelps
- Penn State Center for Host defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research and Departments of Pediatrics
| | | | - Judith Weisz
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lili Yang
- Penn State Center for Host defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research and Departments of Pediatrics
| | - Debra Shearer
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xuesheng Zhang
- Penn State Center for Host defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research and Departments of Pediatrics
| | - Joanna Floros
- Penn State Center for Host defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research and Departments of Pediatrics.,Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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18
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Paulsen JD, Zeck B, Sun K, Simoes C, Theise ND, Chiriboga L. Keratin 19 and mesenchymal markers for evaluation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stem cell niche components in primary biliary cholangitis by sequential elution-stripping multiplex immunohistochemistry. J Histotechnol 2020; 43:163-173. [PMID: 32998669 DOI: 10.1080/01478885.2020.1807228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Multiplexed immunohistochemical techniques give insight into contextual cellular relationships by offering the ability to collect cell-specific data with spatial information from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. We established an automated sequential elution-stripping multiplex immunohistochemical assay to address two controversial scientific questions in the field of hepatopathology: 1) whether epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition occurs during liver injury and repair of a chronic liver disease and 2) if there is a stromal:epithelial relationship along the canals of Hering that would support the concept of this biliary structure being a stem/progenitor cell niche. Our 4-plex assay includes both epithelial and mesenchymal clinical immunohistochemical markers and was performed on clinical human liver specimens in patients with primary biliary cholangitis. The assay demonstrated that in each specimen, co-expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers was observed in extraportal cholangiocytes. In regard to possible mesenchymal components in a stem cell niche, 82.3% ± 5.5% of extraportal cholangiocytes were intimately associated with a vimentin-positive cell. Co-expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers by extraportal cholangiocytes is evidence for epithelial to mesenchymal transition in primary biliary cholangitis. Vimentin-positive stromal cells are frequently juxtaposed to extraportal cholangiocytes, supporting an epithelial:mesenchymal relationship within the hepatobiliary stem cell niche. Our automated sequential elution-stripping multiplex immunohistochemical assay is a cost-effective multiplexing technique that can be readily applied to a small series of clinical pathology samples in order to answer scientific questions involving cell:cell relationships and cellular antibody expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- John David Paulsen
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health , New York, USA.,Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai/The Mount Sinai Hospital , New York, USA
| | - Briana Zeck
- NYU Langone Health, Center for Biospecimen Research and Development , New York, USA
| | - Katherine Sun
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health , New York, USA
| | - Camila Simoes
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai/The Mount Sinai Hospital , New York, USA
| | - Neil D Theise
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health , New York, USA
| | - Luis Chiriboga
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health , New York, USA.,NYU Langone Health, Center for Biospecimen Research and Development , New York, USA
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19
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Sukhikh GT, Pekarev ОG, Maiborodin IV, Silachev DN, Shevtsova YА, Gоrуunоv KV, Onoprienko NV, Maiborodina VI, Galenok RV, Novikov AV, Pekareva ЕО. Preservation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles after Abdominal Delivery in the Experiment. Bull Exp Biol Med 2020; 169:122-129. [PMID: 32488786 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-020-04838-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Light luminescent microscopy was used to study the distribution of extracellular microvesicles with PKH26-stained membranes secreted by placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in the uterine tissues at different terms after injections to intact rats and after abdominal delivery (a model of cesarian section). Microvesicles migrated through the uterine tissues and were detected for at least 8 days after injection. In some cases, microvesicles were more numerous in the uterus after cesarian section modeling, which can be related to blockade of microcirculation and lymph flow due to inflammation accompanying surgical intervention. The content of microvesicles in the uterine tissues gradually declined due to macrophage phagocytosis and, probably, due to their migration into the vascular bed. Despite their size, properly stained extracellular microvesicles can be detected by light microscopy in tissues after injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- G T Sukhikh
- V. I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - О G Pekarev
- V. I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - I V Maiborodin
- Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - D N Silachev
- V. I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Yu А Shevtsova
- V. I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - K V Gоrуunоv
- V. I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - N V Onoprienko
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - V I Maiborodina
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Pathomorphology, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - R V Galenok
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Novikov
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Е О Pekareva
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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20
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Ju Y, Cortez‐Jugo C, Chen J, Wang T, Mitchell AJ, Tsantikos E, Bertleff‐Zieschang N, Lin Y, Song J, Cheng Y, Mettu S, Rahim MA, Pan S, Yun G, Hibbs ML, Yeo LY, Hagemeyer CE, Caruso F. Engineering of Nebulized Metal-Phenolic Capsules for Controlled Pulmonary Deposition. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1902650. [PMID: 32195089 PMCID: PMC7080547 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Particle-based pulmonary delivery has great potential for delivering inhalable therapeutics for local or systemic applications. The design of particles with enhanced aerodynamic properties can improve lung distribution and deposition, and hence the efficacy of encapsulated inhaled drugs. This study describes the nanoengineering and nebulization of metal-phenolic capsules as pulmonary carriers of small molecule drugs and macromolecular drugs in lung cell lines, a human lung model, and mice. Tuning the aerodynamic diameter by increasing the capsule shell thickness (from ≈100 to 200 nm in increments of ≈50 nm) through repeated film deposition on a sacrificial template allows precise control of capsule deposition in a human lung model, corresponding to a shift from the alveolar region to the bronchi as aerodynamic diameter increases. The capsules are biocompatible and biodegradable, as assessed following intratracheal administration in mice, showing >85% of the capsules in the lung after 20 h, but <4% remaining after 30 days without causing lung inflammation or toxicity. Single-cell analysis from lung digests using mass cytometry shows association primarily with alveolar macrophages, with >90% of capsules remaining nonassociated with cells. The amenability to nebulization, capacity for loading, tunable aerodynamic properties, high biocompatibility, and biodegradability make these capsules attractive for controlled pulmonary delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ju
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria3010Australia
| | - Christina Cortez‐Jugo
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria3010Australia
| | - Jingqu Chen
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria3010Australia
| | - Ting‐Yi Wang
- Nanobiotechnology LaboratoryAustralian Centre for Blood DiseasesCentral Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoria3004Australia
| | - Andrew J. Mitchell
- Department of Chemical EngineeringMaterials Characterisation and Fabrication PlatformThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria3010Australia
| | - Evelyn Tsantikos
- Department of Immunology and PathologyCentral Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoria3004Australia
| | - Nadja Bertleff‐Zieschang
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria3010Australia
| | - Yu‐Wei Lin
- Monash Biomedicine InstituteDepartment of MicrobiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoria3800Australia
| | - Jiaying Song
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria3010Australia
| | - Yizhe Cheng
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria3010Australia
| | - Srinivas Mettu
- School of Chemistry and the Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria3010Australia
| | - Md. Arifur Rahim
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria3010Australia
| | - Shuaijun Pan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria3010Australia
| | - Gyeongwon Yun
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria3010Australia
| | - Margaret L. Hibbs
- Department of Immunology and PathologyCentral Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoria3004Australia
| | - Leslie Y. Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics Research LaboratorySchool of EngineeringRMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoria3001Australia
| | - Christoph E. Hagemeyer
- Nanobiotechnology LaboratoryAustralian Centre for Blood DiseasesCentral Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoria3004Australia
| | - Frank Caruso
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical EngineeringThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria3010Australia
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21
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Phelps DS, Chinchilli VM, Weisz J, Shearer D, Zhang X, Floros J. Using toponomics to characterize phenotypic diversity in alveolar macrophages from male mice treated with exogenous SP-A1. Biomark Res 2020; 8:5. [PMID: 32082572 PMCID: PMC7020580 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-019-0181-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We used the Toponome Imaging System (TIS) to identify “patterns of marker expression”, referred to here as combinatorial molecular phenotypes (CMPs) in alveolar macrophages (AM) in response to the innate immune molecule, SP-A1. Methods We compared 114 AM from male SP-A deficient mice. One group (n = 3) was treated with exogenous human surfactant protein A1 (hSP-A1) and the other with vehicle (n = 3). AM obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage were plated onto slides and analyzed using TIS to study the AM toponome, the spatial network of proteins within intact cells. With TIS, each slide is sequentially immunostained with multiple FITC-conjugated antibodies. Images are analyzed pixel-by-pixel identifying all of the proteins within each pixel, which are then designated as CMPs. CMPs represent organized protein clusters postulated to contribute to specific functions. Results 1) We compared identical CMPs in KO and SP-A1 cells and found them to differ significantly (p = 0.0007). Similarities between pairs of markers in the two populations also differed significantly (p < 0.0001). 2) Focusing on the 20 most abundant CMPs for each cell, we developed a method to generate CMP “signatures” that characterized various groups of cells. Phenotypes were defined as cells exhibiting similar signatures of CMPs. i) AM were extremely diverse and each group contained cells with multiple phenotypes. ii) Among the 114 AM analyzed, no two cells were identical. iii) However, CMP signatures could distinguish among cell subpopulations within and between groups. iv) Some cell populations were enriched with SP-A1 treatment, some were more common without SP-A1, and some seemed not to be influenced by the presence of SP-A1. v) We also found that AM were more diverse in mice treated with SP-A1 compared to those treated with vehicle. Conclusions AM diversity is far more extensive than originally thought. The increased diversity of SP-A1-treated mice points to the possibility that SP-A1 enhances or activates several pathways in the AM to better prepare it for its innate immune functions and other functions shown previously to be affected by SP-A treatment. Future studies may identify key protein(s) responsible for CMP integrity and consequently for a given function, and target it for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Phelps
- 1Penn State Center for Host defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research and Departments of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - Vernon M Chinchilli
- 2Public Health Sciences; and Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - Judith Weisz
- 3Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - Debra Shearer
- 3Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - Xuesheng Zhang
- 1Penn State Center for Host defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research and Departments of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
| | - Joanna Floros
- 1Penn State Center for Host defense, Inflammation, and Lung Disease (CHILD) Research and Departments of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 USA.,3Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033 USA
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22
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Transcriptomic Profiles of Monocyte-Derived Macrophages in Response to Escherichia coli is Associated with the Host Genetics. Sci Rep 2020; 10:271. [PMID: 31937813 PMCID: PMC6959288 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57089-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS) are a group of bactericidal molecules produced by macrophages in response to pathogens in a process called oxidative burst. Nitric oxide (NO-) is a member of RNS produced from arginine by inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) enzyme. The activity of iNOS and production of NO- by macrophages following stimulation is one of the indicators of macrophage polarization towards M1/proinflammatory. Production of NO- by bovine monocyte-derived macrophage (MDM) and mouse peritoneal macrophages has been shown to be strongly associated with host genetic with the heritability of 0.776 in bovine MDM and 0.8 in mouse peritoneal macrophages. However, the mechanism of genetic regulation of macrophage response has remained less explored. In the current study, the transcriptome of bovine MDMs was compared between two extreme phenotypes that had been classified as high and low responder based on NO- production. The results showed that 179 and 392 genes were differentially expressed (DE) between high and low responder groups at 3 and 18 hours after exposure to Escherichia coli, respectively. A set of 11 Transcription Factors (TFs) (STAT1, IRF7, SPI1, STAT4, IRF1, HIF1A, FOXO3, REL, NFAT5, HIC1, and IRF4) at 3 hours and a set of 13 TFs (STAT1, IRF1, HIF1A, STAT4, ATF4, TP63, EGR1, CDKN2A, RBL1, E2F1, PRDM1, GATA3, and IRF4) at 18 hours after exposure to E. coli were identified to be differentially regulated between the high and low responder phenotypes. These TFs were found to be divided into two clusters of inflammatory- and hypoxia-related TFs. Functional analysis revealed that some key canonical pathways such as phagocytosis, chemotaxis, antigen presentation, and cell-to-cell signalling are enriched among the over-expressed genes by high responder phenotype. Based on the results of this study, it was inferred that the functional characteristics of bovine MDMs are associated with NO-based classification. Since NO- production is strongly associated with host genetics, this study for the first time shows the distinct proinflammatory profiles of macrophages are controlled by the natural genetic polymorphism in an outbred population. In addition, the results suggest that genetics can be considered as a new dimension in the current model of macrophage polarization which is currently described by the combination of stimulants, only.
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23
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Enders M, Franken L, Philipp MS, Kessler N, Baumgart AK, Eichler M, Wiertz EJH, Garbi N, Kurts C. Splenic Red Pulp Macrophages Cross-Prime Early Effector CTL That Provide Rapid Defense against Viral Infections. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 204:87-100. [PMID: 31776205 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cross-presentation allows dendritic cells (DCs) to present peptides derived from endocytosed Ags on MHC class I molecules, which is important for activating CTL against viral infections and tumors. Type 1 classical DCs (cDC1), which depend on the transcription factor Batf3, are considered the main cross-presenting cells. In this study, we report that soluble Ags are efficiently cross-presented also by transcription factor SpiC-dependent red pulp macrophages (RPM) of the spleen. In contrast to cDC1, RPM used the mannose receptor for Ag uptake and employed the proteasome- and TAP-dependent cytosolic cross-presentation pathway, previously shown to be used in vitro by bone marrow-derived DCs. In an in vivo vaccination model, both cDC1 and RPM cross-primed CTL efficiently but with distinct kinetics. Within a few days, RPM induced very early effector CTL of a distinct phenotype (Ly6A/E+ Ly6C(+) KLRG1- CD127- CX3CR1- Grz-B+). In an adenoviral infection model, such CTL contained the early viral spread, whereas cDC1 induced short-lived effector CTL that eventually cleared the virus. RPM-induced early effector CTL also contributed to the endogenous antiviral response but not to CTL memory generation. In conclusion, RPM can contribute to antiviral immunity by generating a rapid CTL defense force that contains the virus until cDC1-induced CTL are available to eliminate it. This function can be harnessed for improving vaccination strategies aimed at inducing CTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Enders
- Institut für Experimentelle Immunologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, 53127 Bonn, Germany; and
| | - Lars Franken
- Institut für Experimentelle Immunologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, 53127 Bonn, Germany; and
| | - Marie-Sophie Philipp
- Institut für Experimentelle Immunologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, 53127 Bonn, Germany; and
| | - Nina Kessler
- Institut für Experimentelle Immunologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, 53127 Bonn, Germany; and
| | - Ann-Kathrin Baumgart
- Institut für Experimentelle Immunologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, 53127 Bonn, Germany; and
| | - Melanie Eichler
- Institut für Experimentelle Immunologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, 53127 Bonn, Germany; and
| | - Emmanuel J H Wiertz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Natalio Garbi
- Institut für Experimentelle Immunologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, 53127 Bonn, Germany; and
| | - Christian Kurts
- Institut für Experimentelle Immunologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, 53127 Bonn, Germany; and
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24
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Fujiyama S, Nakahashi-Oda C, Abe F, Wang Y, Sato K, Shibuya A. Identification and isolation of splenic tissue-resident macrophage sub-populations by flow cytometry. Int Immunol 2019; 31:51-56. [PMID: 30256964 PMCID: PMC6364618 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxy064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages in the spleen, including red pulp and white pulp macrophages, marginal zone macrophages (MZMs) and marginal zone metallophilic macrophages (MMMs), are highly heterogeneous as a consequence of adaptation to tissue-specific environments. Each macrophage sub-population in the spleen is usually identified based on the localization, morphology and membrane antigen expression by immunohistochemistry. However, their phenotypical and functional characteristics remain incompletely understood due to the difficulty of identification and isolation by flow cytometry. We used a cocktail of three enzymes (Collagenase D, Dispase I and DNase I), rather than traditional mechanical grinding, for isolation of each sub-population, which resulted in significant improvement of isolation of these macrophage sub-populations, particularly MZMs and MMMs, as determined by CD11bhiF4/80medTim4hi and CD11bhiF4/80medTim4med, respectively. This method should be helpful for molecular and functional characterization of each splenic resident macrophage sub-population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Fujiyama
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Chigusa Nakahashi-Oda
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Fumie Abe
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yaqiu Wang
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,PhD Program in Human Biology, Leading Graduate School, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuki Sato
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akira Shibuya
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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25
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Patel VI, Metcalf JP. Airway Macrophage and Dendritic Cell Subsets in the Resting Human Lung. Crit Rev Immunol 2019; 38:303-331. [PMID: 30806245 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2018026459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages (MΦs) are antigen-presenting phagocytic cells found in many peripheral tissues of the human body, including the blood, lymph nodes, skin, and lung. They are vital to maintaining steady-state respiration in the human lung based on their ability to clear airways while also directing tolerogenic or inflammatory responses based on specific stimuli. Over the past three decades, studies have determined that there are multiple subsets of these two general cell types that exist in the airways and interstitium. Identifying these numerous subsets has proven challenging, especially with the unique microenvironments present in the lung. Cells found in the vasculature are not the same subsets found in the skin or the lung, as demonstrated by surface marker expression. By transcriptional profiling, these subsets show similarities but also major differences. Primary human lung cells and/ or tissues are difficult to acquire, particularly in a healthy condition. Additionally, surface marker screening and transcriptional profiling are continually identifying new DC and MΦ subsets. While the overall field is moving forward, we emphasize that more attention needs to focus on replicating the steady-state microenvironment of the lung to reveal the physiological functions of these subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Indrajit Patel
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division of the Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Jordan Patrick Metcalf
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division of the Department of Medicine and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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26
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Emam M, Tabatabaei S, Sargolzaei M, Sharif S, Schenkel F, Mallard B. The effect of host genetics on in vitro performance of bovine monocyte-derived macrophages. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:9107-9116. [PMID: 31400895 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic interaction between the host and pathogens, along with environmental factors, influences the regulation of mammalian immune responses. Therefore, comprehensive in vivo immune-phenotyping during an active response to a pathogen can be complex and prone to confounding effects. Evaluating critical fundamental aspects of the immune system at a cellular level is an alternative approach to reduce this complexity. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to examine an in vitro model for functional phenotyping of bovine monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), cells which play a crucial role at all phases of inflammation, as well influence downstream immune responses. As indicators of MDM function, phagocytosis and nitric oxide (NO-) production were tested in MDM of 16 cows in response to 2 common bacterial pathogens of dairy cows, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Notable functional variations were observed among the individuals (coefficient of variation: 33% for phagocytosis and 70% in the production of NO-). The rank correlation analysis revealed a significant, positive, and strong correlation (rho = 0.92) between NO- production in response to E. coli and S. aureus, and a positive but moderate correlation (rho = 0.58) between phagocytosis of E. coli and S. aureus. To gain further insight into this trait, another 58 cows were evaluated solely for NO- response against E. coli. The pedigree of the tested animals was added to the statistical model and the heritability was estimated to be 0.776. Overall, the finding of this study showed a strong effect of host genetics on the in vitro activities of MDM and the possibility of ranking Holstein cows based on the in vitro functional variation of MDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Emam
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada; Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Saeid Tabatabaei
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Mehdi Sargolzaei
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada; Select Sires Inc., Plain City, OH 43064
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Flavio Schenkel
- Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Bonnie Mallard
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada; Center for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Bioscience, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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27
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Tighe RM, Redente EF, Yu YR, Herold S, Sperling AI, Curtis JL, Duggan R, Swaminathan S, Nakano H, Zacharias WJ, Janssen WJ, Freeman CM, Brinkman RR, Singer BD, Jakubzick CV, Misharin AV. Improving the Quality and Reproducibility of Flow Cytometry in the Lung. An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 61:150-161. [PMID: 31368812 PMCID: PMC6670040 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0191st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Defining responses of the structural and immune cells in biologic systems is critically important to understanding disease states and responses to injury. This requires accurate and sensitive methods to define cell types in organ systems. The principal method to delineate the cell populations involved in these processes is flow cytometry. Although researchers increasingly use flow cytometry, technical challenges can affect its accuracy and reproducibility, thus significantly limiting scientific advancements. This challenge is particularly critical to lung immunology, as the lung is readily accessible and therefore used in preclinical and clinical studies to define potential therapeutics. Given the importance of flow cytometry in pulmonary research, the American Thoracic Society convened a working group to highlight issues and technical challenges to the performance of high-quality pulmonary flow cytometry, with a goal of improving its quality and reproducibility.
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28
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Mitchell AJ, Ivask A, Ju Y. Quantitative Measurement of Cell-Nanoparticle Interactions Using Mass Cytometry. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1989:227-241. [PMID: 31077109 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9454-0_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mass cytometry is a technique that uses inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to quantify the isotopic composition of cells in suspension. Traditionally it has been used in conjunction with antibodies labeled with stable lanthanide isotopes to investigate cellular heterogeneity. Here we describe its use to quantify uptake of metal nanoparticles by cells in suspension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Mitchell
- Materials Characterisation and Fabrication Platform, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Angela Ivask
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Yi Ju
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and the Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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29
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Joshi N, Walter JM, Misharin AV. Alveolar Macrophages. Cell Immunol 2018; 330:86-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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30
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Maiborodin IV, Morozov VV, Anikeev AA, Maslov RV, Figurenko NF, Matveeva VA, Maiborodina VI. Some Peculiarities of Local Distribution of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells after Their Injection into Intact Muscle Tissue in Experiment. Bull Exp Biol Med 2018; 164:554-560. [PMID: 29504090 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-018-4031-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the muscular tissue after subcutaneous injection of autologous bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells transfected with GFP gene and additionally stained with cell membrane dye Vybrant CM-Dil in the projection of ligated femoral vein were studied by light microscopy with luminescence. Stromal cells injected through the skin can appear not only in the damaged tissue where acceleration of regeneration processes is required, but also in intact structures located in superficial or deeper layers. In intact muscular tissue, stromal cells spreading in the perivascular tissue initiate inflammation and migration of macrophages, activate and even trigger sclerotic processes due to differentiation into connective tissue cells (fibroblasts) and stimulation of proliferation and collagen synthesis by host fibroblasts. Injected multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells are gradually phagocytized by macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Maiborodin
- Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - V V Morozov
- Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A A Anikeev
- Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - R V Maslov
- Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N F Figurenko
- Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V A Matveeva
- Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V I Maiborodina
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Bases of Pathology, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Pathomorphology, Novosibirsk, Russia
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31
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Ponte R, Dupuy FP, Brimo F, Mehraj V, Brassard P, Belanger M, Yurchenko E, Jenabian MA, Bernard NF, Routy JP. Characterization of myeloid cell populations in human testes collected after sex reassignment surgery. J Reprod Immunol 2018; 125:16-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2017.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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32
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Maiborodin IV, Morozov VV, Matveeva VA, Anikeev AA, Figurenko NF, Maslov RV, Chastikin GA, Maiborodina VI. Results of Experimental Ligation of the Main Vein with the Use of Cell Technologies. Bull Exp Biol Med 2017; 164:61-67. [PMID: 29119392 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-017-3926-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Autologous multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MMSC) of bone marrow origin with transfected GFP gene and additionally stained cell membranes were injected to rats through the skin in the projection of ligated femoral vein. The results were evaluated by fluorescent microscopy. No signs of MMSC incorporation into the wall of ligated vessel or reorganized collaterals were detected. Angiogenesis processes involving MMSC were detected in experimental rats within just 4 days and progressed until week 2 postinjection, mainly in granulations at the site of surgical intervention and the cicatrix forming there. Injected MMSC completely formed all tunics of the new vessels and incorporated in the vessels forming from the recipient cells. MMSC and the objects created from them were gradually eliminated with participation of macrophages and replaced by structures formed from the recipient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Maiborodin
- Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Basic Medicine, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - V V Morozov
- Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Basic Medicine, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V A Matveeva
- Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Basic Medicine, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A A Anikeev
- Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Basic Medicine, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N F Figurenko
- Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Basic Medicine, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - R V Maslov
- Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Basic Medicine, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - G A Chastikin
- Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Basic Medicine, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V I Maiborodina
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Bases of Pathology, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Pathomorphology, Novosibirsk, Russia
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33
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Maiborodin IV, Morozov VV, Matveeva VA, Anikeev AA, Maslov RV, Chastikin GA, Figurenko NF. Initial Stages of Angiogenesis after Acute Experimental Local Venous Outflow Disturbances and Application of Cell Technologies. Bull Exp Biol Med 2017; 163:142-147. [PMID: 28577095 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-017-3755-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The initial stages of angiogenesis in rats after transcutaneous injection of autologous bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells transfected with GFP gene and stained cell membranes in the projection of ligated femoral vein were studied by fluorescent light and confocal laser microscopy. Large clusters of brightly fluorescing elongated fibroblast-like cells were seen in the paravasal tissue and in the postoperative scar and signs of angiogenesis were noted as soon as in 4 days. The injected cells not only formed new vessels, but also integrated into vessels formed by host cells. Some injected cells were phagocytizied by macrophages and the latter started to fluoresce due to the presence of the membrane dye. These macrophages within the specified period appeared in the regional inguinal lymph nodes where they formed clusters in the lymphoid parenchyma of the cortical substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Maiborodin
- Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - V V Morozov
- Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - V A Matveeva
- Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A A Anikeev
- Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - R V Maslov
- Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - G A Chastikin
- Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N F Figurenko
- Center of New Medical Technologies, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Deng W, Yang J, Lin X, Shin J, Gao J, Zhong XP. Essential Role of mTORC1 in Self-Renewal of Murine Alveolar Macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:492-504. [PMID: 27881705 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages (AMϕ) have the capacity of local self-renewal through adult life; however, mechanisms that regulate AMϕ self-renewal remain poorly understood. We found that myeloid-specific deletion of Raptor, an essential component of the mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex (mTORC)1, resulted in a marked decrease of this population of cells accompanying altered phenotypic features and impaired phagocytosis activity. We demonstrated further that Raptor/mTORC1 deficiency did not affect AMϕ development, but compromised its proliferative activity at cell cycle entry in the steady-state as well as in the context of repopulation in irradiation chimeras. Mechanically, mTORC1 confers AMϕ optimal responsiveness to GM-CSF-induced proliferation. Thus, our results demonstrate an essential role of mTORC1 for AMϕ homeostasis by regulating proliferative renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhai Deng
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.,Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Jialong Yang
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Xingguang Lin
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jinwook Shin
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Jimin Gao
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China;
| | - Xiao-Ping Zhong
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710; .,Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710; and.,Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapies Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
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F4/80 + Host Macrophages Are a Barrier to Murine Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Hematopoietic Progenitor Engraftment In Vivo. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:2414906. [PMID: 27872864 PMCID: PMC5107259 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2414906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how embryonic stem cells and their derivatives interact with the adult host immune system is critical to developing their therapeutic potential. Murine embryonic stem cell-derived hematopoietic progenitors (ESHPs) were generated via coculture with the bone marrow stromal cell line, OP9, and then transplanted into NOD.SCID.Common Gamma Chain (NSG) knockout mice, which lack B, T, and natural killer cells. Compared to control mice transplanted with adult lineage-negative bone marrow (Lin− BM) progenitors, ESHP-transplanted mice attained a low but significant level of donor hematopoietic chimerism. Based on our previous studies, we hypothesized that macrophages might contribute to the low engraftment of ESHPs in vivo. Enlarged spleens were observed in ESHP-transplanted mice and found to contain higher numbers of host F4/80+ macrophages compared to BM-transplanted controls. In vivo depletion of host macrophages using clodronate-loaded liposomes improved the ESHP-derived hematopoietic chimerism in the spleen but not in the BM. F4/80+ macrophages demonstrated a striking propensity to phagocytose ESHP targets in vitro. Taken together, these results suggest that macrophages are a barrier to both syngeneic and allogeneic ESHP engraftment in vivo.
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Kleinsteuber K, Corleis B, Rashidi N, Nchinda N, Lisanti A, Cho JL, Medoff BD, Kwon D, Walker BD. Standardization and quality control for high-dimensional mass cytometry studies of human samples. Cytometry A 2016; 89:903-913. [PMID: 27575385 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mass cytometry (CyTOF), a mass spectrometry-based single cell phenotyping technology, allows utilization of over 35 antibodies in a single sample and is a promising tool for translational human immunology studies. Although several analysis tools are available to interpret the complex data sets generated, a robust method for standardization and quality control within and across studies is needed. Here we report an efficient and easily adaptable method to monitor quality of individual samples in human immunology studies and to facilitate reproducible data analysis. Samples to be assessed are spiked with a defined amount of reference peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a healthy donor, derived from a single large blood draw. The presence of known standardized numbers and phenotypic profiles of these reference cells greatly facilitates sample analysis by allowing for: 1) quality control for consistent staining of each antibody in the panel, 2) identification of potential batch effects, and 3) implementation of a robust gating strategy. We demonstrate the utility of this method using peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage samples from HIV+ patients by characterizing their CD8+ T-cell phenotypes and cytokine expression, respectively. Our results indicate that this method allows quality control of experimental conditions and results in highly reproducible population frequencies through a robust gating strategy. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kleinsteuber
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA.,Heinrich-Pette Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Corleis
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Narges Rashidi
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nzuekoh Nchinda
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Antonella Lisanti
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Josalyn L Cho
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Benjamin D Medoff
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Douglas Kwon
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Infectious Disease Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bruce D Walker
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA. .,Infectious Disease Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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37
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Wanke-Jellinek L, Keegan JW, Dolan JW, Lederer JA. Characterization of lung infection-induced TCRγδ T cell phenotypes by CyTOF mass cytometry. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 99:483-93. [PMID: 26428679 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4a0315-115rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell receptor γδ cells are known to be the primary effector T cells involved in the response to bacterial infections, yet their phenotypic characteristics are not as well established as other T cell subsets. In this study, we used cytometry by time-of-flight mass cytometry to better characterize the phenotypic response of T cell receptor γδ cells to Streptococcus pneumoniae lung infection. Mice were infected, and cells from lung washouts, spleen, and lymph nodes were stained to detect cell-surface, intracellular, and signaling markers. We observed that infection caused a significant increase in T cell receptor γδ cells, which expressed high interferon-γ and interleukin-17A levels. Profiling T cell receptor γδ cells by cytometry by time-of-flight revealed that activated γδ T cells uniquely coexpressed cell-surface Gr-1, cluster of differentiation 14, and cluster of differentiation 274 (programmed death-ligand 1). Further classification of Gr-1 expression patterns on T cell receptor γδ cells demonstrated that Gr-1(+) T cell receptor γδ cells were the primary source of interferon-γ, whereas Gr-1(-) cells mostly expressed interleukin-17A. Gr-1(+) T cell receptor γδ cells also showed higher ζ-chain-associated protein kinase 70, p38, and 4eBP1 signaling in response to infection as compared with Gr-1(-) T cell receptor γδ cells. Taken together, Gr-1 expression patterns on γδ T cells in the lung provide a robust marker to differentiate interferon-γ- and interleukin-17A-producing subsets involved in the early immune response to bacterial pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Wanke-Jellinek
- *Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joshua W Keegan
- *Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - James W Dolan
- *Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - James A Lederer
- *Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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38
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Teixeira L, Moreira J, Melo J, Bezerra F, Marques RM, Ferreirinha P, Correia A, Monteiro MP, Ferreira PG, Vilanova M. Immune response in the adipose tissue of lean mice infected with the protozoan parasite Neospora caninum. Immunology 2015; 145:242-57. [PMID: 25581844 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The adipose tissue can make important contributions to immune function. Nevertheless, only a limited number of reports have investigated in lean hosts the immune response elicited in this tissue upon infection. Previous studies suggested that the intracellular protozoan Neospora caninum might affect adipose tissue physiology. Therefore, we investigated in mice challenged with this protozoan if immune cell populations within adipose tissue of different anatomical locations could be differently affected. Early in infection, parasites were detected in the adipose tissue and by 7 days of infection increased numbers of macrophages, regulatory T (Treg) cells and T-bet(+) cells were observed in gonadal, mesenteric, omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Increased expression of interferon-γ was also detected in gonadal adipose tissue of infected mice. Two months after infection, parasite DNA was no longer detected in these tissues, but T helper type 1 (Th1) cell numbers remained above control levels in the infected mice. Moreover, the Th1/Treg cell ratio was higher than that of controls in the mesenteric and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Interestingly, chronically infected mice presented a marked increase of serum leptin, a molecule that plays a role in energy balance regulation as well as in promoting Th1-type immune responses. Altogether, we show that an apicomplexa parasitic infection influences immune cellular composition of adipose tissue throughout the body as well as adipokine production, still noticed at a chronic phase of infection when parasites were already cleared from that particular tissue. This strengthens the emerging view that infections can have long-term consequences for the physiology of adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luzia Teixeira
- UMIB - Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, Departamento de Anatomia, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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39
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Lam YY, Ha CWY, Hoffmann JMA, Oscarsson J, Dinudom A, Mather TJ, Cook DI, Hunt NH, Caterson ID, Holmes AJ, Storlien LH. Effects of dietary fat profile on gut permeability and microbiota and their relationships with metabolic changes in mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:1429-39. [PMID: 26053244 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To distinguish the effects of dietary fat profile on gut parameters and their relationships with metabolic changes and to determine the capacity of n-3 fatty acids to modify gut variables in the context of diet-induced metabolic dysfunctions. METHODS Mice received control or high-fat diets emphasizing saturated (HFD-sat), n-6 (HFD-n6), or n-3 (HFD-n3) fatty acids for 8 weeks. In another cohort, mice that were maintained on HFD-sat received n-3-rich fish oil or resolvin D1 supplementation. RESULTS HFD-sat and HFD-n6 induced similar weight gain, but only HFD-sat increased index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), colonic permeability, and mesenteric fat inflammation. Hydrogen sulfide-producing bacteria were one of the major groups driving the diet-specific changes in gut microbiome, with the overall microbial profile being associated with changes in body weight, HOMA-IR, and gut permeability. In mice maintained on HFD-sat, fish oil and resolvin D1 restored barrier function and reduced inflammation in the colon but were unable to normalize HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS Different dietary fat profiles led to distinct intestinal and metabolic outcomes that are independent of obesity. Interventions targeting inflammation successfully restored gut health but did not reverse systemic aspects of diet-induced metabolic dysfunction, implicating separation between gut dysfunctions and disease-initiating and/or -maintaining processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Y Lam
- Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- John S McIlhenny Skeletal Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Connie W Y Ha
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jenny M A Hoffmann
- Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Anuwat Dinudom
- Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas J Mather
- Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David I Cook
- Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicholas H Hunt
- Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ian D Caterson
- Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew J Holmes
- Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Len H Storlien
- Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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40
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IRGM3 contributes to immunopathology and is required for differentiation of antigen-specific effector CD8+ T cells in experimental cerebral malaria. Infect Immun 2015; 83:1406-17. [PMID: 25644000 DOI: 10.1128/iai.02701-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma interferon (IFN-γ) drives antiparasite responses and immunopathology during infection with Plasmodium species. Immunity-related GTPases (IRGs) are a class of IFN-γ-dependent proteins that are essential for cell autonomous immunity to numerous intracellular pathogens. However, it is currently unknown whether IRGs modulate responses during malaria. We have used the Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) model in which mice develop experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) to study the roles of IRGM1 and IRGM3 in immunopathology. Induction of mRNA for Irgm1 and Irgm3 was found in the brains and spleens of infected mice at times of peak IFN-γ production. Irgm3-/- but not Irgm1-/- mice were completely protected from the development of ECM, and this protection was associated with the decreased induction of inflammatory cytokines, as well as decreased recruitment and activation of CD8+ T cells within the brain. Although antigen-specific proliferation of transferred CD8+ T cells was not diminished compared to that of wild-type recipients following PbA infection, T cells transferred into Irgm3-/- recipients showed a striking impairment of effector differentiation. Decreased induction of several inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (interleukin-6, CCL2, CCL3, and CCL4), as well as enhanced mRNA expression of type-I IFNs, was found in the spleens of Irgm3-/- mice at day 4 postinfection. Together, these data suggest that protection from ECM pathology in Irgm3-/- mice occurs due to impaired generation of CD8+ effector function. This defect is nonintrinsic to CD8+ T cells. Instead, diminished T cell responses most likely result from defective initiation of inflammatory responses in myeloid cells.
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41
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MerTK-mediated engulfment of pyrenocytes by central macrophages in erythroblastic islands. Blood 2014; 123:3963-71. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-01-547976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Key Points
An in vitro system for the engulfment of pyrenocytes was established using erythroblastic islands. MerTK, a receptor kinase, was essential for the engulfment of pyrenocytes by the central macrophages at erythroblastic islands.
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42
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Mitchell AJ, Roediger B, Weninger W. Monocyte homeostasis and the plasticity of inflammatory monocytes. Cell Immunol 2014; 291:22-31. [PMID: 24962351 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes are mononuclear myeloid cells that develop in the bone marrow and circulate within the bloodstream. Although they have long been argued to play a role in the repopulation of tissue-resident macrophages, this has been questioned by numerous recent studies, which has forced a reappraisal of their biology. Here we discuss monocyte development, as well as the homeostatic control of monocyte subpopulations within the blood. We also outline the known functions of monocyte subsets. Finally, we highlight the plastic nature of monocytes, which are capable of a remarkable range of phenotypic and functional changes that depend on signals from local microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ben Roediger
- The Centenary Institute, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia.
| | - Wolfgang Weninger
- The Centenary Institute, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia; Discipline of Dermatology, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Dermatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
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Misharin AV, Morales-Nebreda L, Mutlu GM, Budinger GRS, Perlman H. Flow cytometric analysis of macrophages and dendritic cell subsets in the mouse lung. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 49:503-10. [PMID: 23672262 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0086ma] [Citation(s) in RCA: 626] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lung hosts multiple populations of macrophages and dendritic cells, which play a crucial role in lung pathology. The accurate identification and enumeration of these subsets are essential for understanding their role in lung pathology. Flow cytometry is a mainstream tool for studying the immune system. However, a systematic flow cytometric approach to identify subsets of macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) accurately and consistently in the normal mouse lung has not been described. Here we developed a panel of surface markers and an analysis strategy that accurately identify all known populations of macrophages and DCs, and their precursors in the lung during steady-state conditions and bleomycin-induced injury. Using this panel, we assessed the polarization of lung macrophages during the course of bleomycin-induced lung injury. Alveolar macrophages expressed markers of alternatively activated macrophages during both acute and fibrotic phases of bleomycin-induced lung injury, whereas markers of classically activated macrophages were expressed only during the acute phase. Taken together, these data suggest that this flow cytometric panel is very helpful in identifying macrophage and DC populations and their state of activation in normal, injured, and fibrotic lungs.
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44
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Perivascular macrophages mediate neutrophil recruitment during bacterial skin infection. Nat Immunol 2013; 15:45-53. [PMID: 24270515 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transendothelial migration of neutrophils in postcapillary venules is a key event in the inflammatory response against pathogens and tissue damage. The precise regulation of this process is incompletely understood. We report that perivascular macrophages are critical for neutrophil migration into skin infected with the pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Using multiphoton intravital microscopy we showed that neutrophils extravasate from inflamed dermal venules in close proximity to perivascular macrophages, which are a major source of neutrophil chemoattractants. The virulence factor α-hemolysin produced by S. aureus lyses perivascular macrophages, which leads to decreased neutrophil transmigration. Our data illustrate a previously unrecognized role for perivascular macrophages in neutrophil recruitment to inflamed skin and indicate that S. aureus uses hemolysin-dependent killing of these cells as an immune evasion strategy.
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Williams TM, Wise AF, Alikhan MA, Layton DS, Ricardo SD. Establishing the flow cytometric assessment of myeloid cells in kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury. Cytometry A 2013; 85:256-67. [PMID: 24265261 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Polychromatic flow cytometry is a powerful tool for assessing populations of cells in the kidney through times of homeostasis, disease and tissue remodeling. In particular, macrophages have been identified as having central roles in these three settings. However, because of the plasticity of myeloid cells it has been difficult to define a specific immunophenotype for these cells in the kidney. This study developed a gating strategy for identifying and assessing monocyte and macrophage subpopulations, along with neutrophils and epithelial cells in the healthy kidney and following ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury in mice, using antibodies against CD45, CD11b, CD11c, Ly6C, Ly6G, F4/80, CSF-1R (CD115), MHC class II, mannose receptor (MR or CD206), an alternatively activated macrophage marker, and the epithelial cell adhesion marker (EpCAM or CD326). Backgating analysis and assessment of autofluorescence was used to extend the knowledge of various cell types and the changes that occur in the kidney at various time-points post-IR injury. In addition, the impact of enzymatic digestion of kidneys on cell surface markers and cell viability was assessed. Comparisons of kidney myeloid populations were also made with those in the spleen. These results provide a useful reference for future analyses of therapies aimed at modulating inflammation and enhancing endogenous remodeling following kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Williams
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
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46
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A flow cytometric method for the analysis of macrophages in the vascular wall. J Immunol Methods 2013; 396:33-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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47
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Increased uptake by splenic red pulp macrophages contributes to rapid platelet turnover in WASP(-) mice. Exp Hematol 2013; 41:789-98. [PMID: 23727585 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia caused by rapid platelet consumption contributes to the severe thrombocytopenia of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) and to the milder thrombocytopenia seen in murine WAS. We show that rapid clearance of ¹¹¹In-labeled murine WASP(-) platelets correlates with enhanced splenic uptake. Using platelets labeled with a pH-sensitive fluorescent marker (pHrodo), we quantify normal platelet uptake by red pulp macrophages (RPMs), and demonstrate its enhancement after in vivo opsonization of platelets. The spleens of WASP(-) mice contain an increased number of RPM, and rapid clearance of WASP(-) platelets in WASP(-) mice in turn generates an increased number of pHrodo(+) splenic RPMs. To separately assess the platelet intrinsic and recipient-dependent functions involved in the clearance and splenic phagocyte uptake of WASP(-) platelets, we performed "crossed" pHrodo(+) platelet injection studies (wild type [WT] to WASP(-), WASP(-) to WT). We show that an extrinsic effect of recipient WASP deficiency on the clearance of WASP(-) platelets correlates with increased platelet uptake by RPMs. An intrinsic effect of platelet WASP deficiency on platelet clearance does not, however, correlate with increased total uptake by WT or WASP(-) RPMs. In contrast to other published findings, we find no evidence of a baseline or antibody-induced increase in phosphatidyl serine exposure on WASP(-) platelets. Our findings suggest that an increased number of RPMs in WASP(-) mice contributes significantly to the increased platelet consumption rate in WASP(-) mice. This might explain the consistent efficacy of splenectomy in murine and clinical WAS.
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48
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Roediger B, Kyle R, Yip KH, Sumaria N, Guy TV, Kim BS, Mitchell AJ, Tay SS, Jain R, Forbes-Blom E, Chen X, Tong PL, Bolton HA, Artis D, Paul WE, Fazekas de St Groth B, Grimbaldeston MA, Le Gros G, Weninger W. Cutaneous immunosurveillance and regulation of inflammation by group 2 innate lymphoid cells. Nat Immunol 2013; 14:564-73. [PMID: 23603794 DOI: 10.1038/ni.2584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 immunity is critical for defense against cutaneous infections but also underlies the development of allergic skin diseases. We report the identification in normal mouse dermis of an abundant, phenotypically unique group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) subset that depended on interleukin 7 (IL-7) and constitutively produced IL-13. Intravital multiphoton microscopy showed that dermal ILC2 cells specifically interacted with mast cells, whose function was suppressed by IL-13. Treatment of mice deficient in recombination-activating gene 1 (Rag1(-/-)) with IL-2 resulted in the population expansion of activated, IL-5-producing dermal ILC2 cells, which led to spontaneous dermatitis characterized by eosinophil infiltrates and activated mast cells. Our data show that ILC2 cells have both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties and identify a previously unknown interactive pathway between two innate populations of cells of the immune system linked to type 2 immunity and allergic diseases.
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Filip AA, Ciseł B, Koczkodaj D, Wąsik-Szczepanek E, Piersiak T, Dmoszyńska A. Circulating microenvironment of CLL: are nurse-like cells related to tumor-associated macrophages? Blood Cells Mol Dis 2013; 50:263-70. [PMID: 23313631 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is one of the most common hematologic malignancies in Western countries. Accumulation of leukemic lymphocytes in peripheral blood, bone marrow and secondary lymphatic organs of CLL patients is due to decreased apoptosis rather than to increased proliferation. The former is driven by signals from a specific microenvironment, created by stromal cells of mesenchymal origin, follicular dendritic cells, T lymphocytes and others. Nurse-like cells (NLCs) were first described to differentiate from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of CLL patients in vitro, then they have been also found in proliferation centers of their lymphatic tissues. Like tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in solid tumors, nurse-like cells promote survival of CLL lymphocytes. NLC gene expression patterns suggest their similarity to TAMs and differ between patients depending on ZAP70 protein expression status. NLC number in vitro corresponds with CD14 expressing cell count and beta-2-microglobulin serum level, and positively correlates with leukemic lymphocyte viability. As NLCs strongly express genes for adhesion molecules and secrete chemokines of antiapoptotic activity, they should be considered as a target for anti-microenvironment therapy of this incurable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata A Filip
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwillowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland.
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Mitchell AJ, Yau B, McQuillan JA, Ball HJ, Too LK, Abtin A, Hertzog P, Leib SL, Jones CA, Gerega SK, Weninger W, Hunt NH. Inflammasome-Dependent IFN-γ Drives Pathogenesis inStreptococcus pneumoniaeMeningitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:4970-80. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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