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Rybinska I, Mangano N, Romero-Cordoba SL, Regondi V, Ciravolo V, De Cecco L, Maffioli E, Paolini B, Bianchi F, Sfondrini L, Tedeschi G, Agresti R, Tagliabue E, Triulzi T. SAA1-dependent reprogramming of adipocytes by tumor cells is associated with triple negative breast cancer aggressiveness. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:1842-1856. [PMID: 38289016 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) are characterized by a poor prognosis and a lack of targeted treatments. Their progression depends on tumor cell intrinsic factors, the tumor microenvironment and host characteristics. Although adipocytes, the primary stromal cells of the breast, have been determined to be plastic in physiology and cancer, the tumor-derived molecular mediators of tumor-adipocyte crosstalk have not been identified yet. In this study, we report that the crosstalk between TNBC cells and adipocytes in vitro beyond adipocyte dedifferentiation, induces a unique transcriptional profile that is characterized by inflammation and pathways that are related to interaction with the tumor microenvironment. Accordingly, increased cancer stem-like features and recruitment of pro-tumorigenic immune cells are induced by this crosstalk through CXCL5 and IL-8 production. We identified serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) as a regulator of the adipocyte reprogramming through CD36 and P2XR7 signaling. In human TNBC, SAA1 expression was associated with cancer-associated adipocyte infiltration, inflammation, stimulated lipolysis, stem-like properties, and a distinct tumor immune microenvironment. Our findings constitute evidence that the interaction between tumor cells and adipocytes through the release of SAA1 is relevant to the aggressiveness of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Rybinska
- Microenvironment and Biomarkers of Solid Tumors Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Nunzia Mangano
- Microenvironment and Biomarkers of Solid Tumors Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandra L Romero-Cordoba
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Viola Regondi
- Microenvironment and Biomarkers of Solid Tumors Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Ciravolo
- Microenvironment and Biomarkers of Solid Tumors Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Loris De Cecco
- Molecular Mechanisms Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Maffioli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- CIMAINA, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Biagio Paolini
- Anatomic Pathology A Unit, Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Bianchi
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Sfondrini
- Microenvironment and Biomarkers of Solid Tumors Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Science for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Tedeschi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- CIMAINA, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Agresti
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Breast Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elda Tagliabue
- Microenvironment and Biomarkers of Solid Tumors Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Triulzi
- Microenvironment and Biomarkers of Solid Tumors Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
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2
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O'Reilly S. S100A4 a classical DAMP as a therapeutic target in fibrosis. Matrix Biol 2024; 127:1-7. [PMID: 38219976 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis regardless of aetiology is characterised by persistently activated myofibroblasts that are contractile and secrete excessive amounts of extracellular matrix molecules that leads to loss of organ function. Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) are endogenous host-derived molecules that are released from cells dying or under stress that can be triggered by a variety of insults, either chemical or physical, leading to an inflammatory response. Among these DAMPs is S100A4, part of the S100 family of calcium binding proteins that participate in a variety of cellular processes. S100A4 was first described in context of cancer as a pro-metastatic factor. It is now appreciated that aside from its role in cancer promotion, S100A4 is intimately involved in tissue fibrosis. The extracellular form of S100A4 exerts its effects through multiple receptors including Toll-Like Receptor 4 and RAGE to evoke signalling cascades involving downstream mediators facilitating extracellular matrix deposition and myofibroblast generation and can play a role in persistent activation of myofibroblasts. S100A4 may be best understood as an amplifier of inflammatory and fibrotic processes. S100A4 appears critical in systemic sclerosis pathogenesis and blocking the extracellular form of S100A4 in vivo in various animal models of disease mitigates fibrosis and may even reverse established disease. This review appraises S100A4's position as a DAMP and its role in fibrotic conditions and highlight therapeutically targeting this protein to halt fibrosis, suggesting that it is a tractable target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven O'Reilly
- Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, United Kingdom.
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3
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Shim DW, Eo JC, Kim S, Hwang I, Nam B, Shin JE, Han SH, Yu JW. Deficiency of circadian clock gene Bmal1 exacerbates noncanonical inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis and lethality via Rev-erbα-C/EBPβ-SAA1 axis. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:370-382. [PMID: 38297162 PMCID: PMC10907614 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01162-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Circadian arrhythmia has been linked to increased susceptibility to multiple inflammatory diseases, such as sepsis. However, it remains unclear how disruption of the circadian clock modulates molecular aspects of innate immune responses, including inflammasome signaling. Here, we examined the potential role of the circadian clock in inflammasome-mediated responses through myeloid-specific deletion of BMAL1, a master circadian clock regulator. Intriguingly, Bmal1 deficiency significantly enhanced pyroptosis of macrophages and lethality of mice under noncanonical inflammasome-activating conditions but did not alter canonical inflammasome responses. Transcriptome analysis of enriched peritoneal myeloid cells revealed that Bmal1 deficiency led to a marked reduction in Rev-erbα expression at steady state and a significant increase in serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) expression upon poly(I:C) stimulation. Notably, we found that the circadian regulator Rev-erbα is critical for poly(I:C)- or interferon (IFN)-β-induced SAA1 production, resulting in the circadian oscillation pattern of SAA1 expression in myeloid cells. Furthermore, exogenously applied SAA1 markedly increased noncanonical inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis of macrophages and lethality of mice. Intriguingly, our results revealed that type 1 IFN receptor signaling is needed for poly(I:C)- or IFN-β-induced SAA1 production. Downstream of the type 1 IFN receptor, Rev-erbα inhibited the IFN-β-induced association of C/EBPβ with the promoter region of Saa1, leading to the reduced transcription of Saa1 in macrophages. Bmal1-deficient macrophages exhibited enhanced binding of C/EBPβ to Saa1. Consistently, the blockade of Rev-erbα by SR8278 significantly increased poly(I:C)-stimulated SAA1 transcription and noncanonical inflammasome-mediated lethality in mice. Collectively, our data demonstrate a potent suppressive effect of the circadian clock BMAL1 on the noncanonical inflammasome response via the Rev-erbα-C/EBPβ-SAA1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Wan Shim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Cheol Eo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Saeyoung Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhwa Hwang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - BoYoung Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Eun Shin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Wook Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Li J, Zhu CS, He L, Qiang X, Chen W, Wang H. A two-decade journey in identifying high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and procathepsin L (pCTS-L) as potential therapeutic targets for sepsis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:575-591. [PMID: 37477229 PMCID: PMC10530501 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2239495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Microbial infections and resultant sepsis are leading causes of death in hospitals, representing approximately 20% of total deaths worldwide. Despite the difficulties in translating experimental insights into effective therapies for often heterogenous patient populations, an improved understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying experimental sepsis is still urgently needed. Sepsis is partly attributable to dysregulated innate immune responses manifested by hyperinflammation and immunosuppression at different stages of microbial infections. AREAS COVERED Here we review our recent progress in searching for late-acting mediators of experimental sepsis and propose high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and procathepsin-L (pCTS-L) as potential therapeutic targets for improving outcomes of lethal sepsis and other infectious diseases. EXPERT OPINION It will be important to evaluate the efficacy of HMGB1- or pCTS-L-targeting agents for the clinical management of human sepsis and other infectious diseases in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Li
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Cassie Shu Zhu
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Li He
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Xiaoling Qiang
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Haichao Wang
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
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den Hartigh LJ, May KS, Zhang XS, Chait A, Blaser MJ. Serum amyloid A and metabolic disease: evidence for a critical role in chronic inflammatory conditions. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1197432. [PMID: 37396595 PMCID: PMC10311072 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1197432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) subtypes 1-3 are well-described acute phase reactants that are elevated in acute inflammatory conditions such as infection, tissue injury, and trauma, while SAA4 is constitutively expressed. SAA subtypes also have been implicated as playing roles in chronic metabolic diseases including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, and possibly in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Distinctions between the expression kinetics of SAA in acute inflammatory responses and chronic disease states suggest the potential for differentiating SAA functions. Although circulating SAA levels can rise up to 1,000-fold during an acute inflammatory event, elevations are more modest (∼5-fold) in chronic metabolic conditions. The majority of acute-phase SAA derives from the liver, while in chronic inflammatory conditions SAA also derives from adipose tissue, the intestine, and elsewhere. In this review, roles for SAA subtypes in chronic metabolic disease states are contrasted to current knowledge about acute phase SAA. Investigations show distinct differences between SAA expression and function in human and animal models of metabolic disease, as well as sexual dimorphism of SAA subtype responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. den Hartigh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Karolline S. May
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Xue-Song Zhang
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Alan Chait
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Martin J. Blaser
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
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6
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Ji A, Trumbauer AC, Noffsinger VP, de Beer FC, Webb NR, Tannock LR, Shridas P. Serum amyloid A augments the atherogenic effects of cholesteryl ester transfer protein. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100365. [PMID: 37004910 PMCID: PMC10165456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) is predictive of CVD in humans and causes atherosclerosis in mice. SAA has many proatherogenic effects in vitro. However, HDL, the major carrier of SAA in the circulation, masks these effects. The remodeling of HDL by cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) liberates SAA restoring its proinflammatory activity. Here, we investigated whether deficiency of SAA suppresses the previously described proatherogenic effect of CETP. ApoE-/- mice and apoE-/- mice deficient in the three acute-phase isoforms of SAA (SAA1.1, SAA2.1, and SAA3; "apoE-/- SAA-TKO") with and without adeno-associated virus-mediated expression of CETP were studied. There was no effect of CETP expression or SAA genotype on plasma lipids or inflammatory markers. Atherosclerotic lesion area in the aortic arch of apoE-/- mice was 5.9 ± 1.2%; CETP expression significantly increased atherosclerosis in apoE-/- mice (13.1 ± 2.2%). However, atherosclerotic lesion area in the aortic arch of apoE-/- SAA-TKO mice (5.1 ± 1.1%) was not significantly increased by CETP expression (6.2 ± 0.9%). The increased atherosclerosis in apoE-/- mice expressing CETP was associated with markedly increased SAA immunostaining in aortic root sections. Thus, SAA augments the atherogenic effects of CETP, which suggests that inhibiting CETP may be of particular benefit in patients with high SAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailing Ji
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Andrea C Trumbauer
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Victoria P Noffsinger
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Frederick C de Beer
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Nancy R Webb
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lisa R Tannock
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Preetha Shridas
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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7
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Motomura K, Hara M, Ito I, Morita H, Matsumoto K. Roles of human trophoblasts' pattern recognition receptors in host defense and pregnancy complications. J Reprod Immunol 2023; 156:103811. [PMID: 36669386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.103811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The immune system in pregnancy is able to protect pregnant mothers and fetuses from pathogenic microorganisms even while permitting the mother to tolerate the semi-allogenic fetus. Trophoblasts, which are fetal-derived placental cells, play a central role on both sides of this duality at the maternal-fetal interface. In brief, the trophoblasts express pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and are involved in the local innate immune response in the placenta. That response eliminates pathogenic microbes but also causes tissue damage. In this review, we summarize the research findings to date regarding the roles of those human trophoblast PRRs. Multiple types of PRRs (Toll-like receptors, Nod-like receptors, and RIG-I-like receptors) are expressed in the placenta and on trophoblasts. Trophoblasts' PRRs participate in protecting the fetus against viruses, bacteria, and parasites by triggering production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the placenta. On the negative side, PRR signaling in trophoblasts can also initiate inflammation and trophoblast cell death, which can lead to placental inflammation-associated pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia, anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome, and miscarriage. Further elucidation of these dual roles of trophoblasts' PRRs may shed light on the mechanisms by which fetuses are protected against congenital infections and also give us a better understanding of the etiologies of pregnancy complications, which can help us prevent/reduce adverse prenatal/neonatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Motomura
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; Center for Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan.
| | - Mariko Hara
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Ikuyo Ito
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hideaki Morita
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan.
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8
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Yang J, Yang K, Wang K, Zhou D, Zhou J, Du X, Liu S, Cheng Z. Serum amyloid A regulates TLR2/4-mediated IFN-β signaling pathway against Marek's disease virus. Virus Res 2023; 326:199044. [PMID: 36652973 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA), an acute response phase protein (APP), is crucial for the innate immune response during pathogenic microorganisms' invasion. Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a highly oncogenic alphaherpesvirus that activates multiple innate immune molecules, including SAA, in the host during infection. However, the pathway through which SAA participates in MDV-induced host innate immunity remains unknown. The present study aimed to elucidate the pathway through which SAA exerts its anti-MDV function. We observed that MDV infection in vivo and in vitro significantly elevated SAA expression. Furthermore, through SAA overexpression and knockdown experiments, we demonstrated that SAA could inhibit MDV replication. Subsequently, we found that SAA activated Toll-Like Receptor 2/4 (TLR2/4) -mediated Interferon Beta (IFN-β) promoter activity and IFN regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) promoter activity. During MDV infection, SAA enhanced TLR2/4-mediated IFN-β signal transduction and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) expression of type I IFN (IFN-I) and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Finally, TLR2/4 inhibitor OxPAPC inhibits the anti-MDV activity of SAA. These results demonstrated that SAA inhibits MDV replication and enhancing TLR2/4-mediated IFN-β signal transduction to promote IFNs and ISGs expression. This finding is the first to demonstrate the signaling pathway by which SAA exerts its anti-MDV function. It also provides new insights into the control of oncogenic herpesviruses from the perspective of acute response phase proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271018, China
| | - Kunmei Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271018, China
| | - Kang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271018, China
| | - Defang Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271018, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xusheng Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271018, China
| | - Shenglong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271018, China
| | - Ziqiang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271018, China.
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9
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Zhu CS, Qiang X, Chen W, Li J, Lan X, Yang H, Gong J, Becker L, Wang P, Tracey KJ, Wang H. Identification of procathepsin L (pCTS-L)-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to treat potentially lethal sepsis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf4313. [PMID: 36735789 PMCID: PMC9897667 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf4313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-based strategies have been attempted to antagonize early cytokines of sepsis, but not yet been tried to target inducible late-acting mediators. Here, we report that the expression and secretion of procathepsin-L (pCTS-L) was induced by serum amyloid A (SAA) in innate immune cells, contributing to its late and systemic accumulation in experimental and clinical sepsis. Recombinant pCTS-L induced interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, GRO-α/KC, GRO-β/MIP-2, and MCP-1 release in innate immune cells and moderately correlated with blood concentrations of these cytokines/chemokines in clinical sepsis. Mechanistically, pCTS-L interacted with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) to induce cytokines/chemokines. Pharmacological suppression of pCTS-L with neutralizing polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies attenuated pCTS-L-mediated inflammation by impairing its interaction with TLR4 and RAGE receptors, and consequently rescued animals from lethal sepsis. Our findings have suggested a possibility of developing antibody strategies to prevent dysregulated immune responses mediated by late-acting cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie Shu Zhu
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd., Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Xiaoling Qiang
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd., Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd., Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Jianhua Li
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Xiqian Lan
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Huan Yang
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Jonathan Gong
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd., Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Lance Becker
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd., Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd., Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Kevin J. Tracey
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd., Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Haichao Wang
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd., Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
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10
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Role of Annexin A1 Secreted by Neutrophils in Melanoma Metastasis. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030425. [PMID: 36766767 PMCID: PMC9913423 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Annexin A1 (AnxA1) is highly secreted by neutrophils and binds to formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) to trigger anti-inflammatory effects and efferocytosis. AnxA1 is also expressed in the tumor microenvironment, being mainly attributed to cancer cells. As recruited neutrophils are player cells at the tumor sites, the role of neutrophil-derived AnxA1 in lung melanoma metastasis was investigated here. Melanoma cells and neutrophils expressing AnxA1 were detected in biopsies from primary melanoma patients, which also presented higher levels of serum AnxA1 and augmented neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the blood. Lung melanoma metastatic mice (C57BL/6; i.v. injected B16F10 cells) showed neutrophilia, elevated AnxA1 serum levels, and higher labeling for AnxA1 in neutrophils than in tumor cells at the lungs with metastasis. Peritoneal neutrophils collected from naïve mice were co-cultured with B16F10 cells or employed to obtain neutrophil-conditioned medium (NCM; 18 h incubation). B16F10 cells co-cultured with neutrophils or with NCM presented higher invasion, which was abolished if B16F10 cells were previously incubated with FPR antagonists or co-cultured with AnxA1 knockout (AnxA1-/-) neutrophils. The depletion of peripheral neutrophils during lung melanoma metastasis development (anti-Gr1; i.p. every 48 h for 21 days) reduced the number of metastases and AnxA1 serum levels in mice. Our findings show that AnxA1 secreted by neutrophils favors melanoma metastasis evolution via FPR pathways, addressing AnxA1 as a potential biomarker for the detection or progression of melanoma.
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11
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du Plessis M, Davis TA, Olivier DW, de Villiers WJS, Engelbrecht AM. A functional role for Serum Amyloid A in the molecular regulation of autophagy in breast cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1000925. [PMID: 36248994 PMCID: PMC9562844 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1000925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been established that the acute phase protein, Serum amyloid A (SAA), which is usually synthesized by the liver, is also synthesized by cancer cells and cancer-associated cells in the tumor microenvironment. SAA also activates modulators of autophagy, such as the PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. However, the role of SAA in autophagy in breast cancer still remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of SAA in the regulation of signaling pathways and autophagy in in vitro and in vivo models of breast cancer. The MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cell lines were transiently transfected to overexpress SAA1. A tumor-bearing SAA1/2 knockout mouse model was also utilized in this study. SAA1 overexpression activated ERK signaling in the MDA-MB-231 cells, downregulated the PI3K pathway protein, PKB/Akt, in the MCF7 cell line, while SAA1/2 knockout also inhibited Akt. Furthermore, SAA1 overexpression in vitro downregulated autophagy, while the expression of SQSTM1/p62 was increased in the MCF7 cells, and SAA1/2 knockout induced autophagy in vivo. SAA overexpression in the MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells resulted in an increase in cell viability and increased the expression of the proliferation marker, MCM2, in the MCF7 cells. Furthermore, knockout of SAA1/2 resulted in an altered inflammatory profile, evident in the decrease of plasma IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10, while increasing the plasma levels of MCP-1 and TNF-α. Lastly, SAA1/2 knockout promoted resistance to apoptosis and necrosis through the regulation of autophagy. SAA thus regulates autophagy in breast cancer cells to promote tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha du Plessis
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Manisha du Plessis,
| | - Tanja Andrea Davis
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Daniel Wilhelm Olivier
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Willem Johan Simon de Villiers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anna-Mart Engelbrecht
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- African Cancer Institute (ACI), Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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12
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Gingival epithelial cell-derived microvesicles activate mineralization in gingival fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15779. [PMID: 36138045 PMCID: PMC9500071 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19732-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue calcification occurs in many parts of the body, including the gingival tissue. Epithelial cell-derived MVs can control many functions in fibroblasts but their role in regulating mineralization has not been explored. We hypothesized that microvesicles (MVs) derived from gingival epithelial cells could regulate calcification of gingival fibroblast cultures in osteogenic environment. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were cultured in osteogenic differentiation medium with or without human gingival epithelial cell-derived MV stimulation. Mineralization of the cultures, localization of the MVs and mineral deposits in the HGF cultures were assessed. Gene expression changes associated with MV exposure were analyzed using gene expression profiling and real-time qPCR. Within a week of exposure, epithelial MVs stimulated robust mineralization of HGF cultures that was further enhanced by four weeks. The MVs taken up by the HGF's did not calcify themselves but induced intracellular accumulation of minerals. HGF gene expression profiling after short exposure to MVs demonstrated relative dominance of inflammation-related genes that showed increases in gene expression. In later cultures, OSX, BSP and MMPs were significantly upregulated by the MVs. These results suggest for the first time that epithelial cells maybe associated with the ectopic mineralization process often observed in the soft tissues.
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13
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Sheu KM, Hoffmann A. Functional Hallmarks of Healthy Macrophage Responses: Their Regulatory Basis and Disease Relevance. Annu Rev Immunol 2022; 40:295-321. [PMID: 35471841 PMCID: PMC10074967 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-101320-031555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are first responders for the immune system. In this role, they have both effector functions for neutralizing pathogens and sentinel functions for alerting other immune cells of diverse pathologic threats, thereby initiating and coordinating a multipronged immune response. Macrophages are distributed throughout the body-they circulate in the blood, line the mucosal membranes, reside within organs, and survey the connective tissue. Several reviews have summarized their diverse roles in different physiological scenarios and in the initiation or amplification of different pathologies. In this review, we propose that both the effector and the sentinel functions of healthy macrophages rely on three hallmark properties: response specificity, context dependence, and stimulus memory. When these hallmark properties are diminished, the macrophage's biological functions are impaired, which in turn results in increased risk for immune dysregulation, manifested by immune deficiency or autoimmunity. We review the evidence and the molecular mechanisms supporting these functional hallmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Sheu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics and Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA;
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics and Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA;
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14
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Serum Amyloid A is not obligatory for high-fat, high-sucrose, cholesterol-fed diet-induced obesity and its metabolic and inflammatory complications. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266688. [PMID: 35436297 PMCID: PMC9015120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies in the past have reported positive correlations between circulating Serum amyloid A (SAA) levels and obesity. However, based on limited number of studies involving appropriate mouse models, the role of SAA in the development of obesity and obesity-related metabolic consequences has not been established. Accordingly, herein, we have examined the role of SAA in the development of obesity and its associated metabolic complications in vivo using mice deficient for all three inducible forms of SAA: SAA1.1, SAA2.1 and SAA3 (TKO). Male and female mice were rendered obese by feeding a high fat, high sucrose diet with added cholesterol (HFHSC) and control mice were fed rodent chow diet. Here, we show that the deletion of SAA does not affect diet-induced obesity, hepatic lipid metabolism or adipose tissue inflammation. However, there was a modest effect on glucose metabolism. The results of this study confirm previous findings that SAA levels are elevated in adipose tissues as well as in the circulation in diet-induced obese mice. However, the three acute phase SAAs do not play a causative role in the development of obesity or obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation and dyslipidemia.
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15
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He G, Dong T, Yang Z, Branstad A, Huang L, Jiang Z. Point-of-care COPD diagnostics: biomarkers, sampling, paper-based analytical devices, and perspectives. Analyst 2022; 147:1273-1293. [PMID: 35113085 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01702k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has become the third leading cause of global death. Insufficiency in early diagnosis and treatment of COPD, especially COPD exacerbations, leads to a tremendous economic burden and medical costs. A cost-effective and timely prevention requires decentralized point-of-care diagnostics at patients' residences at affordable prices. Advances in point-of-care (POC) diagnostics may offer new solutions to reduce medical expenditures by measuring salivary and blood biomarkers. Among them, paper-based analytical devices have been the most promising candidates due to their advantages of being affordable, biocompatible, disposable, scalable, and easy to modify. In this review, we present salivary and blood biomarkers related to COPD endotypes and exacerbations, summarize current technologies to collect human whole saliva and whole blood samples, evaluate state-of-the-art paper-based analytical devices that detect COPD biomarkers in saliva and blood, and discuss existing challenges with outlooks on future paper-based POC systems for COPD diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhen He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Smart Transduction, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Academician and Expert Workstation, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing 400067, China.,Department of Microsystems (IMS), Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Postboks 235, 3603 Kongsberg, Norway.
| | - Tao Dong
- Department of Microsystems (IMS), Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Postboks 235, 3603 Kongsberg, Norway.
| | - Zhaochu Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Smart Transduction, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Academician and Expert Workstation, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Are Branstad
- University of Southeast Norway (USN), School of Business, Box 235, 3603 Kongsberg, Norway
| | - Lan Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Smart Transduction, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Academician and Expert Workstation, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Zhuangde Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Smart Transduction, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Academician and Expert Workstation, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing 400067, China
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16
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Acute Inflammation Is a Predisposing Factor for Weight Gain and Insulin Resistance. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030623. [PMID: 35335996 PMCID: PMC8954490 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the course of infection and intense endotoxemia processes, induction of a catabolic state leading to weight loss is observed in mice and humans. However, the late effects of acute inflammation on energy homeostasis, regulation of body weight and glucose metabolism are yet to be elucidated. Here, we addressed whether serial intense endotoxemia, characterized by an acute phase response and weight loss, could be an aggravating or predisposing factor to weight gain and associated metabolic complications. Male Swiss Webster mice were submitted to 8 consecutive doses of lipopolysaccharide (10 mg/kg LPS), followed by 10 weeks on a high-fat diet (HFD). LPS-treated mice did not show changes in weight when fed standard chow. However, when challenged by a high-fat diet, LPS-treated mice showed greater weight gain, with larger fat depot areas, increased serum leptin and insulin levels and impaired insulin sensitivity when compared to mice on HFD only. Acute endotoxemia caused a long-lasting increase in mRNA expression of inflammatory markers such as TLR-4, CD14 and serum amyloid A (SAA) in the adipose tissue, which may represent the key factors connecting inflammation to increased susceptibility to weight gain and impaired glucose homeostasis. In an independent experimental model, and using publicly available microarray data from adipose tissue from mice infected with Gram-negative bacteria, we performed gene set enrichment analysis and confirmed upregulation of a set of genes responsible for cell proliferation and inflammation, including TLR-4 and SAA. Together, we showed that conditions leading to intense and recurring endotoxemia, such as common childhood bacterial infections, may resound for a long time and aggravate the effects of a western diet. If confirmed in humans, infections should be considered an additional factor contributing to obesity and type 2 diabetes epidemics.
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17
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Jiang B, Wang D, Hu Y, Li W, Liu F, Zhu X, Li X, Zhang H, Bai H, Yang Q, Yang X, Ben J, Chen Q. Serum Amyloid A1 Exacerbates Hepatic Steatosis via TLR4 Mediated NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Mol Metab 2022; 59:101462. [PMID: 35247611 PMCID: PMC8938331 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Chronic inflammatory response plays a prominent role in obesity-related nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the intrahepatic triggering mechanism of inflammation remains obscure. This study aimed to elucidate the role of serum amyloid A1 (SAA1), an acute-phase response protein, in the obesity-induced hepatic inflammation and NAFLD. Methods Male mice were fed a high fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks, and insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and inflammation in mice were monitored. Murine SAA1/2 was genetically manipulated to investigate the role of SAA1 in NAFLD. Results We found that SAA1 was increased in the NAFLD liver in both humans and mice. Knockout of SAA1/2 or knockdown of hepatic SAA1/2 promoted energy expenditure and alleviated HFD-induced metabolic disorder, hepatic steatosis, and inflammation. Endogenous overexpression of SAA1 in hepatocytes by adeno-associated virus 8 (AAV8) transfection aggravated overnutrition-associated gain of body weight, insulin resistance, hepatic lipid accumulation, and liver injury, which were markedly alleviated by knockout of murine toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Mechanistically, SAA1 directly bound with TLR4/myeloid differentiation 2 (MD2) to induce TLR4 internalization, leading to the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling and production of both SAA1 and other inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6 and C–C chemokine ligand (CCL2) in hepatocytes. Administration of HFD mice with an AAV8-shRNA-SAA1/2 showed a therapeutic effect on hepatic inflammation and NAFLD progression. Conclusions These results demonstrate that SAA1 triggers hepatic steatosis and intrahepatic inflammatory response by forming a SAA1/TLR4/NF-κB/SAA1 feedforward regulatory circuit, which, in turn, leads to NAFLD progression. SAA1 may act as a potential target for the disease intervention. SAA1/2 deficiency alleviates HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation in mice. SAA1 aggravating overnutrition-associated hepatic steatosis and inflammation is dependent on TLR4. SAA1 directly binds to TLR4/MD2 to induce TLR4 internalization, leading to the activation of NF-κB signaling . SAA1/TLR4/NF-κB/SAA1 positive feedback in hepatocytes may be a potential target for obesity associated NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunfu Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxuan Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengjiang Liu
- Innovative Center for Pathogen Research, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xudong Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Bai
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuna Yang
- Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jingjing Ben
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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18
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Wang J, Yang Y, Zhang A, Zeng L, Xiao S, Ma H, Li J, Mao F, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Yu Z, Zhang J, Xiang Z. Serum amyloid protein (SAA) as a healthy marker for immune function in Tridacna crocea. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 122:495-500. [PMID: 35202805 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Serum amyloid protein (SAA) is known as an acute reactive protein of innate immunity in mammals. However, in invertebrates, the role of SAA in innate immunity is still unclear. In this study, a full-length cDNA of the SAA gene (named TcSAA) was cloned from Tridacna crocea, mollusca. The gene includes a 193 bp 5' untranslated region (UTR) and a 129 bp 3' UTR sequence, and the open reading frame (ORF) with 393 bp nucleotides encodes a polypeptide of 130 amino acids. TcSAA contains a typical signal peptide and an SAA functional domain. The mRNA expression of TcSAA was detected in all 12 selected tissues and 7 different developmental stages. Furthermore, the expression of TcSAA was increased quickly in hemocytes after challenge with V. coralliilyticus or LPS. Furthermore, rTcSAA could bind V. coralliilyticus and V. alginolyticus, and the protein could reduce the lethality rate of the clams from 80% to 55% which caused by V. coralliilyticus about 48 h after injection. In summary, these results indicate that TcSAA may act as a marker for monitoring health and protecting T. crocea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yucheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Aijiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shu Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Haitao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Fan Mao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Yuehuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Ziniu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Zhiming Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510301, China; Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering (ISEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China.
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19
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Singh S, Sahu K, Singh C, Singh A. Lipopolysaccharide induced altered signaling pathways in various neurological disorders. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2022; 395:285-294. [PMID: 34989812 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02198-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is defined as an inflammatory response within the brain or spinal cord, whereas the brain's innate immune system is triggered by various inflammatory challenges such as injury, infection, exposure to toxin (LPS) and ageing, which result in cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a main structural component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, widely used systematically to stimulate the immune system and to generate profound physiological and behavioural changes. It consists of three parts: lipid A, a core oligosaccharide and an O side chain. It is reported by several scientists that, besides the systemic alteration, LPS also induces neurodegeneration by promoting neuroinflammation upon binding with the stimulation of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) receptors present on glial cells. The mammalian Toll-like receptor (TLR) family consists of 13 membranes and TLR was discovered as a crucial pattern recognition receptor (PPR) involved in the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Future studies will show that damage/danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are recognised by the involvement of PPRs, generated by the host itself. The stimulation of TLR4 by lipopolysaccharide phosphorylates two signalling pathways, namely the MyD88-dependent pathway and the MyD88-independent pathway. This activation subsequently triggers the release of various pro-inflammatory cytokines that are necessary to activate innate immune responses, and then promotes neuroinflammation. In this review, we critically demonstrated the epidemiology of neuroinflammation, types of TLRs, the molecular mechanism of TLR4 and management of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhdev Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.,Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India
| | - Kuleshwar Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.,Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India
| | - Charan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.,Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India
| | - Arti Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India. .,Affiliated to IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India.
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20
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Ren Y, Zhao H, Yin C, Lan X, Wu L, Du X, Griffiths HR, Gao D. Adipokines, Hepatokines and Myokines: Focus on Their Role and Molecular Mechanisms in Adipose Tissue Inflammation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:873699. [PMID: 35909571 PMCID: PMC9329830 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.873699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue (AT) is a hallmark of obesity and contributes to various metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Inflammation in ATs is characterized by macrophage infiltration and the activation of inflammatory pathways mediated by NF-κB, JNK, and NLRP3 inflammasomes. Adipokines, hepatokines and myokines - proteins secreted from AT, the liver and skeletal muscle play regulatory roles in AT inflammation via endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine pathways. For example, obesity is associated with elevated levels of pro-inflammatory adipokines (e.g., leptin, resistin, chemerin, progranulin, RBP4, WISP1, FABP4, PAI-1, Follistatin-like1, MCP-1, SPARC, SPARCL1, and SAA) and reduced levels of anti-inflammatory adipokines such as adiponectin, omentin, ZAG, SFRP5, CTRP3, vaspin, and IL-10. Moreover, some hepatokines (Fetuin A, DPP4, FGF21, GDF15, and MANF) and myokines (irisin, IL-6, and DEL-1) also play pro- or anti-inflammatory roles in AT inflammation. This review aims to provide an updated understanding of these organokines and their role in AT inflammation and related metabolic abnormalities. It serves to highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of these organokines and their clinical significance. Insights into the roles and mechanisms of these organokines could provide novel and potential therapeutic targets for obesity-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Ren
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Hao Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Chunyan Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xi Lan
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Litao Wu
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaojuan Du
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Helen R. Griffiths
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Gao
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Center, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Dan Gao,
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21
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Shridas P, Patrick AC, Tannock LR. Role of Serum Amyloid A in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm and Related Cardiovascular Diseases. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121883. [PMID: 34944527 PMCID: PMC8699432 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological data positively correlate plasma serum amyloid A (SAA) levels with cardiovascular disease severity and mortality. Studies by several investigators have indicated a causal role for SAA in the development of atherosclerosis in animal models. Suppression of SAA attenuates the development of angiotensin II (AngII)-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation in mice. Thus, SAA is not just a marker for cardiovascular disease (CVD) development, but it is a key player. However, to consider SAA as a therapeutic target for these diseases, the pathway leading to its involvement needs to be understood. This review provides a brief description of the pathobiological significance of this enigmatic molecule. The purpose of this review is to summarize the data relevant to its role in the development of CVD, the pitfalls in SAA research, and unanswered questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preetha Shridas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Avery C Patrick
- Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Lisa R Tannock
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Veterans Affairs Lexington, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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22
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Gaiser AK, Bauer S, Ruez S, Holzmann K, Fändrich M, Syrovets T, Simmet T. Serum Amyloid A1 Induces Classically Activated Macrophages: A Role for Enhanced Fibril Formation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:691155. [PMID: 34276683 PMCID: PMC8278318 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.691155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AA amyloidosis belongs to the group of amyloid diseases which can follow chronic inflammatory conditions of various origin. The disease is characterized by the deposition of insoluble amyloid fibrils formed by serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) leading eventually to organ failure. Macrophages are intimately involved in the fibrillogenesis as well as in the clearance of amyloid fibrils. In vivo, macrophages may occur as classically (M1) or alternatively activated (M2) macrophages. We investigate here how SAA1 might affect the macrophage phenotype and function. Gene microarray analysis revealed upregulation of 64 M1-associated genes by SAA1. M1-like polarization was further confirmed by the expression of the M1-marker MARCO, activation of the NF-κB transcription factor, and secretion of the M1-cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1. Additionally, we demonstrate here that M1-polarized macrophages exhibit enhanced fibrillogenic activity towards SAA1. Based on our data, we propose reconsideration of the currently used cellular amyloidosis models towards an in vitro model employing M1-polarized macrophages. Furthermore, the data suggest macrophage repolarization as potential intervention strategy in AA amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Gaiser
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Shanna Bauer
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephanie Ruez
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Marcus Fändrich
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tatiana Syrovets
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Simmet
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Fourie C, Shridas P, Davis T, de Villiers WJ, Engelbrecht AM. Serum amyloid A and inflammasome activation: A link to breast cancer progression? Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 59:62-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Li D, Xie P, Zhao S, Zhao J, Yao Y, Zhao Y, Ren G, Liu X. Hepatocytes derived increased SAA1 promotes intrahepatic platelet aggregation and aggravates liver inflammation in NAFLD. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 555:54-60. [PMID: 33813276 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the pathological manifestation of metabolic syndrome in liver. Its pathological changes may evolve from the initial simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis and even liver cancer. Numerous studies have proved that platelets play a vital role in liver disease and homeostasis. Particularly, anti-platelet therapy can reduce intrahepatic platelet aggregation and improve the inflammation of fatty liver. Previous study has also confirmed that SAA is a gene closely related to high-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity, and SAA1 can promote liver insulin resistance induced by Palmitate or HFD. Here, we found that SAA1 treated platelets presented increased sensitivity of platelet aggregation, enhanced activation and increased adhesion ability, and such function was partly dependent on Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) 2 signaling. In addition, blocking SAA1 expression in vivo not only inhibited platelet aggregation in the liver tissues of NAFLD mice, but also alleviated the inflammation of fatty liver. In conclusion, our findings identify that HFD-induced hepatic overexpressed SAA1 aggravates fatty liver inflammation by promoting intrahepatic platelet aggregation, these results also imply that SAA1 may serve as a potential target for ameliorating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyuan Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou province, PR China; Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou province, PR China
| | - Ping Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou province, PR China
| | - Su Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou province, PR China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou province, PR China
| | - Yucheng Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou province, PR China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou province, PR China
| | - Guangbing Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, Panzhou People's Hospital, Panzhou, Guizhou province, PR China
| | - Xingde Liu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou province, PR China; Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou province, PR China.
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25
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Farré-Alins V, Palomino-Antolín A, Narros-Fernández P, Lopez-Rodriguez AB, Decouty-Perez C, Muñoz-Montero A, Zamorano-Fernández J, Mansilla-Fernández B, Giner-García J, García-Feijoo P, Sáez-Alegre M, Palpán-Flores AJ, Roda-Frade JM, Carabias CS, Rosa JM, Civantos-Martín B, Yus-Teruel S, Gandía L, Lagares A, Hernández-García BJ, Egea J. Serum Amyloid A1/Toll-Like Receptor-4 Axis, an Important Link between Inflammation and Outcome of TBI Patients. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060599. [PMID: 34070533 PMCID: PMC8227125 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide without any validated biomarker or set of biomarkers to help the diagnosis and evaluation of the evolution/prognosis of TBI patients. To achieve this aim, a deeper knowledge of the biochemical and pathophysiological processes triggered after the trauma is essential. Here, we identified the serum amyloid A1 protein-Toll-like receptor 4 (SAA1-TLR4) axis as an important link between inflammation and the outcome of TBI patients. Using serum and mRNA from white blood cells (WBC) of TBI patients, we found a positive correlation between serum SAA1 levels and injury severity, as well as with the 6-month outcome of TBI patients. SAA1 levels also correlate with the presence of TLR4 mRNA in WBC. In vitro, we found that SAA1 contributes to inflammation via TLR4 activation that releases inflammatory cytokines, which in turn increases SAA1 levels, establishing a positive proinflammatory loop. In vivo, post-TBI treatment with the TLR4-antagonist TAK242 reduces SAA1 levels, improves neurobehavioral outcome, and prevents blood–brain barrier disruption. Our data support further evaluation of (i) post-TBI treatment in the presence of TLR4 inhibition for limiting TBI-induced damage and (ii) SAA1-TLR4 as a biomarker of injury progression in TBI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Farré-Alins
- Molecular Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Plasticity Research Laboratory, Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28009 Madrid, Spain; (V.F.-A.); (A.P.-A.); (P.N.-F.); (A.B.L.-R.); (C.D.-P.); (J.M.R.)
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-M.); (L.G.)
| | - Alejandra Palomino-Antolín
- Molecular Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Plasticity Research Laboratory, Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28009 Madrid, Spain; (V.F.-A.); (A.P.-A.); (P.N.-F.); (A.B.L.-R.); (C.D.-P.); (J.M.R.)
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-M.); (L.G.)
| | - Paloma Narros-Fernández
- Molecular Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Plasticity Research Laboratory, Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28009 Madrid, Spain; (V.F.-A.); (A.P.-A.); (P.N.-F.); (A.B.L.-R.); (C.D.-P.); (J.M.R.)
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-M.); (L.G.)
| | - Ana Belen Lopez-Rodriguez
- Molecular Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Plasticity Research Laboratory, Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28009 Madrid, Spain; (V.F.-A.); (A.P.-A.); (P.N.-F.); (A.B.L.-R.); (C.D.-P.); (J.M.R.)
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-M.); (L.G.)
| | - Céline Decouty-Perez
- Molecular Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Plasticity Research Laboratory, Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28009 Madrid, Spain; (V.F.-A.); (A.P.-A.); (P.N.-F.); (A.B.L.-R.); (C.D.-P.); (J.M.R.)
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-M.); (L.G.)
| | - Alicia Muñoz-Montero
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-M.); (L.G.)
| | - Jorge Zamorano-Fernández
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (J.Z.-F.); (B.M.-F.); (J.G.-G.); (P.G.-F.); (M.S.-A.); (A.J.P.-F.); (J.M.R.-F.); (B.J.H.-G.)
| | - Beatriz Mansilla-Fernández
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (J.Z.-F.); (B.M.-F.); (J.G.-G.); (P.G.-F.); (M.S.-A.); (A.J.P.-F.); (J.M.R.-F.); (B.J.H.-G.)
| | - Javier Giner-García
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (J.Z.-F.); (B.M.-F.); (J.G.-G.); (P.G.-F.); (M.S.-A.); (A.J.P.-F.); (J.M.R.-F.); (B.J.H.-G.)
| | - Pablo García-Feijoo
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (J.Z.-F.); (B.M.-F.); (J.G.-G.); (P.G.-F.); (M.S.-A.); (A.J.P.-F.); (J.M.R.-F.); (B.J.H.-G.)
| | - Miguel Sáez-Alegre
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (J.Z.-F.); (B.M.-F.); (J.G.-G.); (P.G.-F.); (M.S.-A.); (A.J.P.-F.); (J.M.R.-F.); (B.J.H.-G.)
| | - Alexis J. Palpán-Flores
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (J.Z.-F.); (B.M.-F.); (J.G.-G.); (P.G.-F.); (M.S.-A.); (A.J.P.-F.); (J.M.R.-F.); (B.J.H.-G.)
| | - José María Roda-Frade
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (J.Z.-F.); (B.M.-F.); (J.G.-G.); (P.G.-F.); (M.S.-A.); (A.J.P.-F.); (J.M.R.-F.); (B.J.H.-G.)
| | - Cristina S. Carabias
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, imas12, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (C.S.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Juliana M. Rosa
- Molecular Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Plasticity Research Laboratory, Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28009 Madrid, Spain; (V.F.-A.); (A.P.-A.); (P.N.-F.); (A.B.L.-R.); (C.D.-P.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Belén Civantos-Martín
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (B.C.-M.); (S.Y.-T.)
| | - Santiago Yus-Teruel
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (B.C.-M.); (S.Y.-T.)
| | - Luis Gandía
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-M.); (L.G.)
| | - Alfonso Lagares
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, imas12, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (C.S.C.); (A.L.)
| | - Borja J. Hernández-García
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (J.Z.-F.); (B.M.-F.); (J.G.-G.); (P.G.-F.); (M.S.-A.); (A.J.P.-F.); (J.M.R.-F.); (B.J.H.-G.)
| | - Javier Egea
- Molecular Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Plasticity Research Laboratory, Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28009 Madrid, Spain; (V.F.-A.); (A.P.-A.); (P.N.-F.); (A.B.L.-R.); (C.D.-P.); (J.M.R.)
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-M.); (L.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-915574402
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du Plessis M, Davis T, Loos B, Pretorius E, de Villiers WJS, Engelbrecht AM. Molecular regulation of autophagy in a pro-inflammatory tumour microenvironment: New insight into the role of serum amyloid A. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2021; 59:71-83. [PMID: 33727011 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation, systemic or local, plays a vital role in tumour progression and metastasis. Dysregulation of key physiological processes such as autophagy elicit unfavourable immune responses to induce chronic inflammation. Cytokines, growth factors and acute phase proteins present in the tumour microenvironment regulate inflammatory responses and alter crosstalk between various signalling pathways involved in the progression of cancer. Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a key acute phase protein secreted by the liver during the acute phase response (APR) following infection or injury. However, cancer and cancer-associated cells produce SAA, which when present in high levels in the tumour microenvironment contributes to cancer initiation, progression and metastasis. SAA can activate several signalling pathways such as the PI3K and MAPK pathways, which are also known modulators of the intracellular degradation process, autophagy. Autophagy can be regarded as having a double edged sword effect in cancer. Its dysregulation can induce malignant transformation through metabolic stress which manifests as oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and DNA damage. On the other hand, autophagy can promote cancer survival during metabolic stress, hypoxia and senescence. Autophagy has been utilised to promote the efficiency of chemotherapeutic agents and can either be inhibited or induced to improve treatment outcomes. This review aims to address the known mechanisms that regulate autophagy as well as illustrating the role of SAA in modulating these pathways and its clinical implications for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M du Plessis
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
| | - T Davis
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - B Loos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - E Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - W J S de Villiers
- African Cancer Institute (ACI), Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Campus, South Africa
| | - A M Engelbrecht
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Campus, South Africa
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27
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Morris G, Puri BK, Bortolasci CC, Carvalho A, Berk M, Walder K, Moreira EG, Maes M. The role of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A and paraoxonase-1 in the pathophysiology of neuroprogressive disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:244-263. [PMID: 33657433 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lowered high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol has been reported in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, first episode of psychosis, and schizophrenia. HDL, its major apolipoprotein component, ApoA1, and the antioxidant enzyme paraoxonase (PON)1 (which is normally bound to ApoA1) all have anti-atherogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory roles, which are discussed in this paper. The paper details the pathways mediating the anti-inflammatory effects of HDL, ApoA1 and PON1 and describes the mechanisms leading to compromised HDL and PON1 levels and function in an environment of chronic inflammation. The molecular mechanisms by which changes in HDL, ApoA1 and PON1 might contribute to the pathophysiology of the neuroprogressive disorders are explained. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory actions of ApoM-mediated sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) signalling are reviewed as well as the deleterious effects of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress on ApoM/S1P signalling. Finally, therapeutic interventions specifically aimed at improving the levels and function of HDL and PON1 while reducing levels of inflammation and oxidative stress are considered. These include the so-called Mediterranean diet, extra virgin olive oil, polyphenols, flavonoids, isoflavones, pomegranate juice, melatonin and the Mediterranean diet combined with the ketogenic diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | | | - Chiara C Bortolasci
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, CMMR Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Andre Carvalho
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The Department of Psychiatry and The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, CMMR Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Estefania G Moreira
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, King Chulalongkorn University Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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28
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Sorić Hosman I, Kos I, Lamot L. Serum Amyloid A in Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases: A Compendious Review of a Renowned Biomarker. Front Immunol 2021; 11:631299. [PMID: 33679725 PMCID: PMC7933664 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.631299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute phase protein with a significant importance for patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRD). The central role of SAA in pathogenesis of IRD has been confirmed by recent discoveries, including its involvement in the activation of the inflammasome cascade and recruitment of interleukin 17 producing T helper cells. Clinical utility of SAA in IRD was originally evaluated nearly half a century ago. From the first findings, it was clear that SAA could be used for evaluating disease severity and monitoring disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and secondary amyloidosis. However, cost-effective and more easily applicable markers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), overwhelmed its use in clinical practice. In the light of emerging evidences, SAA has been discerned as a more sensitive biomarker in a wide spectrum of IRD, especially in case of subclinical inflammation. Furthermore, a growing number of studies are confirming the advantages of SAA over many other biomarkers in predicting and monitoring response to biological immunotherapy in IRD patients. Arising scientific discoveries regarding the role of SAA, as well as delineating SAA and its isoforms as the most sensitive biomarkers in various IRD by recently developing proteomic techniques are encouraging the revival of its clinical use. Finally, the most recent findings have shown that SAA is a biomarker of severe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of this review is to discuss the SAA-involving immune system network with emphasis on mechanisms relevant for IRD, as well as usefulness of SAA as a biomarker in various IRD. Therefore, over a hundred original papers were collected through an extensive PubMed and Scopus databases search. These recently arising insights will hopefully lead to a better management of IRD patients and might even inspire the development of new therapeutic strategies with SAA as a target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Sorić Hosman
- Department of Pediatrics, Zadar General Hospital, Zadar, Croatia
| | - Ivanka Kos
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lovro Lamot
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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Jung JY, Kim JW, Suh CH, Kim HA. Roles of Interactions Between Toll-Like Receptors and Their Endogenous Ligands in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and Adult-Onset Still's Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:583513. [PMID: 33224145 PMCID: PMC7674197 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.583513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD) are systemic inflammatory disorders that manifest as high-spiking fever, joint pain, evanescent skin rash, and organomegaly. Their pathogenesis is unclear, but inflammation is triggered by activation of the innate immune system with aberrant production of proinflammatory cytokines. Along with extrinsic factors, intrinsic pathways can trigger an unexpected immune response. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) induce the activation of innate immune cells, leading to sterile inflammation in systemic JIA and AOSD. These endogenous proteins interact with Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which are pattern recognition receptors, and mediate immune signaling following stimulation by pathogen-associated molecular patterns and DAMPs. Several DAMPs, such as S100 proteins, play a role in the development or severity of systemic JIA and AOSD, in which their interactions with TLRs are altered. Also, the expression levels of genes encoding DAMPs contribute to the susceptibility to systemic JIA and AOSD. Herein, we review reports that TLR and DAMP signaling initiates and/or maintains the inflammatory response in systemic JIA and AOSD, and their correlations with the clinical characteristics of those diseases. In addition, we assess their utility as biomarkers or therapeutics for systemic JIA and AOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yang Jung
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University of Medical School, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Ji-Won Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University of Medical School, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Chang-Hee Suh
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University of Medical School, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hyoun-Ah Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University of Medical School, Suwon, South Korea
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30
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Figueroa-Hall LK, Paulus MP, Savitz J. Toll-Like Receptor Signaling in Depression. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 121:104843. [PMID: 32911436 PMCID: PMC7883590 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Depression is one of the most prevalent, disabling, and costly mental illnesses currently affecting over 300 million people worldwide. A subset of depressed patients display inflammation as indicated by increased levels of proinflammatory mediators in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Longitudinal and experimental studies suggest that this inflammatory profile may causally contribute to the initiation, maintenance, or recurrence of depressive episodes in the context of major depressive disorder (MDD). While the mechanistic pathways that mediate these depressogenic effects have not yet been fully elucidated, toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling is one potential common inflammatory pathway. In this review, we focus on the role that inflammation plays in depression, TLR signaling and its plasticity as a candidate pathway, its regulation by micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs), and their potential as diagnostic biomarkers for identification of inflammatory subtypes of depression. Pre-clinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that TLR expression and TLR signaling regulators are associated with MDD. Further, TLR expression and signaling is in-turn, regulated in part by miRNAs and some TLR-responsive miRNAs indirectly modulate pathways that are implicated in MDD pathophysiology. These data suggest an intersection between TLR signaling regulation and MDD-linked pathways. While these studies suggest that miRNAs play a role in the pathophysiology of MDD via their regulatory effects on TLR pathways, the utility of miRNAs as biomarkers and potential treatment targets remains to be determined. Developing new and innovative techniques or adapting established immunological approaches to mental health, should be at the forefront in moving the field forward, especially in terms of categorization of inflammatory subtypes in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin P Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S. Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, United States; Oxley College of Health Sciences, 1215 S. Boulder Ave W., The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, 74199, United States.
| | - Jonathan Savitz
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S. Yale Ave, Tulsa, OK, 74136, United States; Oxley College of Health Sciences, 1215 S. Boulder Ave W., The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, 74199, United States.
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31
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Tachibana M, Watanabe N, Koda Y, Oya Y, Kaminuma O, Katayama K, Fan Z, Sakurai F, Kawabata K, Hiroi T, Mizuguchi H. Ablation of IL-17A leads to severe colitis in IL-10-deficient mice: implications of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and NO production. Int Immunol 2020; 32:187-201. [PMID: 31755523 PMCID: PMC7067553 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxz076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-10 is an immune regulatory cytokine and its genetic defect leads to gastrointestinal inflammation in humans and mice. Moreover, the IL-23/Th17 axis is known to be involved in these inflammatory disorders. IL-17A, a representative cytokine produced by Th17 cells, has an important role for the pathological process of inflammatory diseases. However, the precise function of IL-17A in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains controversial. In this study, we evaluated the effect of IL-17A on colitis in IL-10-deficient (Il10−/−) mice. Mice lacking both IL-10 and IL-17A (Il10−/−Il17a−/−) suffered from fatal wasting and manifested more severe colitis compared with Il10−/−Il17a+/− mice. Moreover, we found that CD11b+Gr-1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) accumulated in the bone marrow, spleen and peripheral blood of Il10−/−Il17a−/− mice. These MDSCs highly expressed inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (Nos2) and suppressed the T-cell response in vitro in a NOS-dependent manner. In correlation with these effects, the concentration of nitric oxide was elevated in the serum of Il10−/−Il17a−/− mice. Surprisingly, the severe colitis observed in Il10−/−Il17a−/− mice was ameliorated in Il10−/−Il17a−/−Nos2−/− mice. Our findings suggest that IL-17A plays suppressive roles against spontaneous colitis in Il10−/− mice in an iNOS-dependent manner and inhibits MDSC differentiation and/or proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Tachibana
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Project for Vaccine and Immune Regulation, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobumasa Watanabe
- Department of Genome Medicine, Allergy and Immunology Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuzo Koda
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukako Oya
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Osamu Kaminuma
- Department of Genome Medicine, Allergy and Immunology Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Katayama
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Zifei Fan
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sakurai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Kawabata
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takachika Hiroi
- Department of Genome Medicine, Allergy and Immunology Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Hepatocyte Regulation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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32
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Biological Characterization of Commercial Recombinantly Expressed Immunomodulating Proteins Contaminated with Bacterial Products in the Year 2020: The SAA3 Case. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:6087109. [PMID: 32694927 PMCID: PMC7362292 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6087109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The serum amyloid A (SAA) gene family is highly conserved and encodes acute phase proteins that are upregulated in response to inflammatory triggers. Over the years, a considerable amount of literature has been published attributing a wide range of biological effects to SAAs such as leukocyte recruitment, cytokine and chemokine expression and induction of matrix metalloproteinases. Furthermore, SAAs have also been linked to protumorigenic, proatherogenic and anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we investigated the biological effects conveyed by murine SAA3 (mu rSAA3) recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli. We observed the upregulation of a number of chemokines including CCL2, CCL3, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL6 or CXCL8 following stimulation of monocytic, fibroblastoid and peritoneal cells with mu rSAA3. Furthermore, this SAA variant displayed potent in vivo recruitment of neutrophils through the activation of TLR4. However, a major problem associated with proteins derived from recombinant expression in bacteria is potential contamination with various bacterial products, such as lipopolysaccharide, lipoproteins and formylated peptides. This is of particular relevance in the case of SAA as there currently exists a discrepancy in biological activity between SAA derived from recombinant expression and that of an endogenous source, i.e. inflammatory plasma. Therefore, we subjected commercial recombinant mu rSAA3 to purification to homogeneity via reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and re-assessed its biological potential. RP-HPLC-purified mu rSAA3 did not induce chemokines and lacked in vivo neutrophil chemotactic activity, but retained the capacity to synergize with CXCL8 in the activation of neutrophils. In conclusion, experimental results obtained when using proteins recombinantly expressed in bacteria should always be interpreted with care.
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Gan XW, Wang WS, Lu JW, Ling LJ, Zhou Q, Zhang HJ, Ying H, Sun K. De novo Synthesis of SAA1 in the Placenta Participates in Parturition. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1038. [PMID: 32582166 PMCID: PMC7297131 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) is an acute phase protein produced mainly by the liver to participate in immunomodulation in both sterile and non-sterile inflammation. However, non-hepatic tissues can also synthesize SAA1. It remains to be determined whether SAA1 synthesized locally in the placenta participates in parturition via eliciting inflammatory reactions. In this study, we investigated this issue by using human placenta and a mouse model. We found that SAA1 mRNA and protein were present in human placental villous trophoblasts, which was increased upon syncytialization as well as treatments with lipopolysaccharides (LPS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and cortisol. Moreover, significant increases in SAA1 abundance were observed in the placental tissue or in the maternal blood in spontaneous deliveries without infection at term and in preterm birth with histological chorioamnionitis. Serum amyloid A1 treatment significantly increased parturition-pertinent inflammatory gene expression including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-8, TNF-α, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), along with increased PGF2α production in syncytiotrophoblasts. Mouse study showed that SAA1 was present in the placental junctional zone and yolk sac membrane, which was increased following intraperitoneal administration of LPS. Intraperitoneal injection of SAA1 not only induced preterm birth but also increased the abundance of IL-1β, TNF-α, and COX-2 in the mouse placenta. Conclusively, SAA1 can be synthesized in the human placenta, which is increased upon trophoblast syncytialization. Parturition is accompanied with increased SAA1 abundance in the placenta. Serum amyloid A1 may participate in parturition in the presence and absence of infection by inducing the expression of inflammatory genes in the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wen Gan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang-Sheng Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang-Wen Lu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Jun Ling
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Juan Zhang
- Shanghai International Maternal and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Ying
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
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Hahn A, Kny M, Pablo-Tortola C, Todiras M, Willenbrock M, Schmidt S, Schmoeckel K, Jorde I, Nowak M, Jarosch E, Sommer T, Bröker BM, Felix SB, Scheidereit C, Weber-Carstens S, Butter C, Luft FC, Fielitz J. Serum amyloid A1 mediates myotube atrophy via Toll-like receptors. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:103-119. [PMID: 31441598 PMCID: PMC7015249 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Critically ill patients frequently develop muscle atrophy and weakness in the intensive-care-unit setting [intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICUAW)]. Sepsis, systemic inflammation, and acute-phase response are major risk factors. We reported earlier that the acute-phase protein serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) is increased and accumulates in muscle of ICUAW patients, but its relevance was unknown. Our objectives were to identify SAA1 receptors and their downstream signalling pathways in myocytes and skeletal muscle and to investigate the role of SAA1 in inflammation-induced muscle atrophy. METHODS We performed cell-based in vitro and animal in vivo experiments. The atrophic effect of SAA1 on differentiated C2C12 myotubes was investigated by analysing gene expression, protein content, and the atrophy phenotype. We used the cecal ligation and puncture model to induce polymicrobial sepsis in wild type mice, which were treated with the IкB kinase inhibitor Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS)-345541 or vehicle. Morphological and molecular analyses were used to investigate the phenotype of inflammation-induced muscle atrophy and the effects of BMS-345541 treatment. RESULTS The SAA1 receptors Tlr2, Tlr4, Cd36, P2rx7, Vimp, and Scarb1 were all expressed in myocytes and skeletal muscle. Treatment of differentiated C2C12 myotubes with recombinant SAA1 caused myotube atrophy and increased interleukin 6 (Il6) gene expression. These effects were mediated by Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4. SAA1 increased the phosphorylation and activity of the transcription factor nuclear factor 'kappa-light-chain-enhancer' of activated B-cells (NF-κB) p65 via TLR2 and TLR4 leading to an increased binding of NF-κB to NF-κB response elements in the promoter region of its target genes resulting in an increased expression of NF-κB target genes. In polymicrobial sepsis, skeletal muscle mass, tissue morphology, gene expression, and protein content were associated with the atrophy response. Inhibition of NF-κB signalling by BMS-345541 increased survival (28.6% vs. 91.7%, P < 0.01). BMS-345541 diminished inflammation-induced atrophy as shown by a reduced weight loss of the gastrocnemius/plantaris (vehicle: -21.2% and BMS-345541: -10.4%; P < 0.05), tibialis anterior (vehicle: -22.7% and BMS-345541: -17.1%; P < 0.05) and soleus (vehicle: -21.1% and BMS-345541: -11.3%; P < 0.05) in septic mice. Analysis of the fiber type specific myocyte cross-sectional area showed that BMS-345541 reduced inflammation-induced atrophy of slow/type I and fast/type II myofibers compared with vehicle-treated septic mice. BMS-345541 reversed the inflammation-induced atrophy program as indicated by a reduced expression of the atrogenes Trim63/MuRF1, Fbxo32/Atrogin1, and Fbxo30/MuSA1. CONCLUSIONS SAA1 activates the TLR2/TLR4//NF-κB p65 signalling pathway to cause myocyte atrophy. Systemic inhibition of the NF-κB pathway reduced muscle atrophy and increased survival of septic mice. The SAA1/TLR2/TLR4//NF-κB p65 atrophy pathway could have utility in combatting ICUAW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hahn
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Melanie Kny
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cristina Pablo-Tortola
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mihail Todiras
- Cardiovascular hormones, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Nicolae Testemiţanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chișinău, Moldova
| | - Michael Willenbrock
- Signal Transduction in Tumor Cells, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sibylle Schmidt
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Schmoeckel
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ilka Jorde
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcel Nowak
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Intracellular Proteolysis, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ernst Jarosch
- Intracellular Proteolysis, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Sommer
- Intracellular Proteolysis, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Humboldt-University Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara M Bröker
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephan B Felix
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Claus Scheidereit
- Signal Transduction in Tumor Cells, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffen Weber-Carstens
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Butter
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Brandenburg and Medical University Brandenburg (MHB), Bernau, Germany
| | - Friedrich C Luft
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Fielitz
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
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Yuan ZY, Zhang XX, Wu YJ, Zeng ZP, She WM, Chen SY, Zhang YQ, Guo JS. Serum amyloid A levels in patients with liver diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:6440-6450. [PMID: 31798280 PMCID: PMC6881510 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i43.6440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute phase protein mainly synthesized by the liver. SAA induces inflammatory phenotype and promotes cell proliferation in activated hepatic stellate cells, the major scar forming cells in the liver. However, few studies have reported on the serum levels of SAA in human liver disease and its clinical significance in various liver diseases.
AIM To investigate the serum levels of SAA in patients with different liver diseases and analyze the factors associated with the alteration of SAA levels in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.
METHODS Two hundred and seventy-eight patients with different liver diseases and 117 healthy controls were included in this study. The patients included 205 with CHB, 22 with active autoimmune liver disease (AILD), 21 with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), 14 with drug-induced liver injury (DILI), and 16 with pyogenic liver abscess. Serum levels of SAA and other clinical parameters were collected for the analysis of the factors associated with SAA level. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the serum SAA levels of patients with various liver diseases with those of healthy controls. Bonferroni test was applied for post hoc comparisons to control the probability of type 1 error (alpha = 0.05/6 = 0.008). For statistical tests of other variables, P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Statistically significant factors determined by single factor analysis were further analyzed by binary multivariate logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS All patients with active liver diseases had higher serum SAA levels than healthy controls and the inactive CHB patients, with the highest SAA level found in patients with pyogenic liver abscess (398.4 ± 246.8 mg/L). Patients with active AILD (19.73 ± 24.81 mg/L) or DILI (8.036 ± 5.685 mg/L) showed higher SAA levels than those with active CHB (6.621 ± 6.776 mg/L) and NASH (6.624 ± 4.891 mg/L). Single (P < 0.001) and multivariate logistic regression analyses (P = 0.039) for the CHB patients suggested that patients with active CHB were associated with an SAA serum level higher than 6.4 mg/L. Serum levels of SAA and CRP (C-reactive protein) were positively correlated in patients with CHB (P < 0.001), pyogenic liver abscess (P = 0.045), and active AILD (P = 0.02). Serum levels of SAA (0.80-871.0 mg/L) had a broader fluctuation range than CRP (0.30-271.3 mg/L).
CONCLUSION Serum level of SAA is a sensitive biomarker for inflammatory activity of pyogenic liver abscess. It may also be a weak marker reflecting milder inflammatory status in the liver of patients with CHB and other active liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ying Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xing-Xin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu-Jing Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhi-Ping Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei-Min She
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shi-Yao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuan-Qing Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Yunnan Institute of Digestive Disease, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650000, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jin-Sheng Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China
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Song LT, Lai W, Li JS, Mu YZ, Li CY, Jiang SY. The interaction between serum amyloid A and Toll-like receptor 2 pathway regulates inflammatory cytokine secretion in human gingival fibroblasts. J Periodontol 2019; 91:129-137. [PMID: 31347700 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum amyloid A (SAA) has been identified to trigger inflammation response, and play a crucial role in chronic inflammatory diseases. However, the regulatory mechanism of SAA still remains unclear during the development of periodontitis METHODS: SAA mRNA and protein expression were detected in healthy and inflammatory gingival tissues using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Human recombinant SAA (Apo-SAA), Pam3CSK4 (a Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 ligand), siRNA-SAA, or TLR2 neutralizing antibody was applied to treat human gingival fibroblasts, respectively, or combined. SAA, TLRs, and inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 were analyzed by real-time PCR, western blotting, or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS SAA expression increased in human inflammatory gingival tissues from patients with periodontitis (P <0.05). Apo-SAA could increase not only the mRNA expression of TLR2 (P <0.05), but also IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA and protein levels (P <0.05) which was suppressed by TLR2 antibody in human gingival fibroblasts. Pam3CSK4 increased SAA, IL-6, and IL-8 levels (P <0.05). However, the expression of SAA, IL-6, and IL-8 decreased after transfection of siRNA-SAA (P <0.05). CONCLUSION SAA not only increases in inflammatory gingiva, but also triggers inflammatory cytokine secretion via interacting with TLR2 pathway in human gingival fibroblasts, which indicates that SAA is involved in periodontal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ting Song
- Hospital of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Wen Lai
- Hospital of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Shan Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Zhu Mu
- Hospital of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Yi Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Yun Jiang
- Hospital of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China.,Center of Stomatology, Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
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37
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Souza PPC, Lerner UH. Finding a Toll on the Route: The Fate of Osteoclast Progenitors After Toll-Like Receptor Activation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1663. [PMID: 31379855 PMCID: PMC6652233 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
M-CSF and RANKL are two crucial cytokines stimulating differentiation of mature, bone resorbing, multinucleated osteoclasts from mononucleated progenitor cells in the monocyte/macrophage lineage. In addition to the receptors for M-CSF and RANKL, osteoclast progenitor cells express receptors for several other pro- and anti-osteoclastogenic cytokines, which also regulate osteoclast formation by affecting signaling downstream M-CSF and RANKL receptors. Similar to many other cells originating from myeloid hematopoetic stem cells, also osteoclast progenitors express toll-like receptors (TLRs). Nine murine TLRs are expressed in the progenitors and all, with the exception of TLR2 and TLR4, are downregulated during osteoclastogenesis. Activation of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9, but not TLR5, in osteoclast progenitors stimulated with M-CSF and RANKL arrests differentiation along the osteoclastic lineage and keeps the cells at a macrophage stage. When the progenitors are primed with M-CSF/RANKL and then stimulated with agonists for TLR2, TLR4, or TLR9 in the presence of M-CSF, but in the absence of RANKL, the cells differentiate to mature, bone resorbing osteoclasts. TLR 2, 4, 5, and 9 are also expressed on osteoblasts and their activation increases osteoclast differentiation by an indirect mechanism through stimulation of RANKL. In mice, treatment with agonists for TLR2, 4, and 5 results in osteoclast formation and extensive bone loss. It remains to be shown the relative importance of inhibitory and stimulatory effects by TLRs on osteoclast progenitors and the role of RANKL produced by TLR stimulated osteoblasts, for the bone resorbing effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro P C Souza
- Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Ulf H Lerner
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Lu Y, Zhou Q, Lu JW, Wang WS, Sun K. Involvement of STAT3 in the synergistic induction of 11β-HSD1 by SAA1 and cortisol in human amnion fibroblasts. Am J Reprod Immunol 2019; 82:e13150. [PMID: 31131948 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Cortisol, which is regenerated from biologically inactive cortisone by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) in human fetal membranes, may play an important role in human parturition. Recently, we have demonstrated that human fetal membranes are capable of de novo synthesis of serum amyloid A1 (SAA1), an acute-phase protein of inflammation, and SAA1 may be engaged in multiple actions associated with human parturition. It remains to be determined whether SAA1 can interact with cortisol in the regulation of 11β-HSD1 in the fetal membranes. METHOD OF STUDY In the current study, we examined the regulation of 11β-HSD1 expression by SAA1, and the interaction between SAA1 and cortisol in the regulation of 11β-HSD1 expression in primary human amnion fibroblasts and amnion tissue. RESULTS Either SAA1 or cortisol induced 11β-HSD1 expression in a concentration-dependent manner. Combination of SAA1 and cortisol synergistically enhanced 11β-HSD1 expression. Mechanism studies revealed that SAA1 and cortisol induced the phosphorylation of the transcription factor STAT3 in a sequential order with the induction by SAA1 preceding the induction by cortisol. Furthermore, the induction of 11β-HSD1 expression by either SAA1 or cortisol or combination of SAA1 and cortisol was blocked by STAT3 inhibition with its antagonist S3I-201 or siRNA-mediated knockdown. CONCLUSION This study has demonstrated that SAA1 and cortisol can reinforce each other in the induction of 11β-HSD1 expression through sequential phosphorylation of STAT3. The synergistic enhancement of 11β-HSD1 expression by SAA1 and cortisol may lead to excessive cortisol accumulation in the fetal membranes at parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang-Wen Lu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang-Sheng Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
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Picroside II Isolated from Pseudolysimachion rotundum var. subintegrum Inhibits Glucocorticoid Refractory Serum Amyloid A (SAA) Expression and SAA-induced IL-33 Secretion. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24102020. [PMID: 31137813 PMCID: PMC6572537 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24102020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major inflammatory lung disease characterized by irreversible and progressive airflow obstruction. Although corticosteroids are often used to reduce inflammation, steroid therapies are insufficient in patients with refractory COPD. Both serum amyloid A (SAA) and IL-33 have been implicated in the pathology of steroid-resistant lung inflammation. Picroside II isolated from Pseudolysimachion rotundum var. subintegrum(Plantaginaceae) is a major bioactive component of YPL-001, which has completed phase-2a clinical trials in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. In this study, we investigated whether picroside II is effective in treating steroid refractory lung inflammation via the inhibition of the SAA-IL-33 axis. Picroside II inhibited LPS-induced SAA1 expression in human monocytes, which are resistant to steroids. SAA induced the secretion of IL-33 without involving cell necrosis. Picroside II, but not dexamethasone effectively inhibited SAA-induced IL-33 expression and secretion. The inhibitory effect by picroside II was mediated by suppressing the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38, ERK1/2, and nuclear factor-κB pathways. Our results suggest that picroside II negatively modulates the SAA-IL-33 axis that has been implicated in steroid-resistant lung inflammation. These findings provide valuable information for the development of picroside II as an alternative therapeutic agent against steroid refractory lung inflammation in COPD.
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Jumeau C, Awad F, Assrawi E, Cobret L, Duquesnoy P, Giurgea I, Valeyre D, Grateau G, Amselem S, Bernaudin JF, Karabina SA. Expression of SAA1, SAA2 and SAA4 genes in human primary monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217005. [PMID: 31100086 PMCID: PMC6524798 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating serum amyloid A (SAA) is increased in various inflammatory conditions. The human SAA protein family comprises the acute phase SAA1/SAA2, known to activate a large set of innate and adaptive immune cells, and the constitutive SAA4. The liver synthesis of SAA1/SAA2 is well-established but there is still an open debate on extrahepatic SAA expression especially in macrophages. We aimed to investigate the ability of human primary monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages to express SAA1, SAA2 and SAA4 at both the transcriptional and protein levels, as previous studies almost exclusively dealt with monocytic cell lines. Monocytes and derived macrophages from healthy donors were stimulated under various conditions. In parallel with SAA, pro-inflammatory IL1A, IL1B and IL6 cytokine expression was assessed. While LPS alone was non-effective, a combined LPS/dexamethasone treatment induced SAA1 and to a lesser extent SAA2 transcription in human monocytes and macrophages. In contrast, as expected, pro-inflammatory cytokine expression was strongly induced following stimulation with LPS, an effect which was dampened in the presence of dexamethasone. Furthermore, in monocytes polarized towards a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype, SAA expression in response to LPS/dexamethasone was potentiated; a result mainly seen for SAA1. However, a major discrepancy was observed between SAA mRNA and intracellular protein levels under the experimental conditions used. Our results demonstrate that human monocytes and macrophages can express SAA genes, mainly SAA1 in response to an inflammatory environment. While SAA is considered as a member of a large cytokine network, its expression in the monocytes-macrophages in response to LPS-dexamethasone is strikingly different from that observed for classic pro-inflammatory cytokines. As monocytes-macrophages are major players in chronic inflammatory diseases, it may be hypothesized that SAA production from macrophages may contribute to the local inflammatory microenvironment, especially when macrophages are compactly organized in granulomas as in sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Jumeau
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 933, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Trousseau, Service de Génétique et d’Embryologie médicale, Paris, France
| | - Fawaz Awad
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 933, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Trousseau, Service de Génétique et d’Embryologie médicale, Paris, France
| | - Eman Assrawi
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 933, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Trousseau, Service de Génétique et d’Embryologie médicale, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Cobret
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 933, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Trousseau, Service de Génétique et d’Embryologie médicale, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Duquesnoy
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 933, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Trousseau, Service de Génétique et d’Embryologie médicale, Paris, France
| | - Irina Giurgea
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 933, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Trousseau, Service de Génétique et d’Embryologie médicale, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Valeyre
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Avicenne, Service de Pneumologie, Bobigny, France
- Université Paris 13, INSERM UMR 1272, Laboratoire ‘Hypoxie & Poumon’, Bobigny, France
| | - Gilles Grateau
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 933, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Trousseau, Service de Génétique et d’Embryologie médicale, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, Service de médecine interne, Paris, France
| | - Serge Amselem
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 933, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Trousseau, Service de Génétique et d’Embryologie médicale, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Bernaudin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 933, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Trousseau, Service de Génétique et d’Embryologie médicale, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Avicenne, Service de Pneumologie, Bobigny, France
- Université Paris 13, INSERM UMR 1272, Laboratoire ‘Hypoxie & Poumon’, Bobigny, France
| | - Sonia-Athina Karabina
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 933, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Trousseau, Service de Génétique et d’Embryologie médicale, Paris, France
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Wang Y, Cao F, Wang Y, Yu G, Jia BL. Silencing of SAA1 inhibits palmitate- or high-fat diet induced insulin resistance through suppression of the NF-κB pathway. Mol Med 2019; 25:17. [PMID: 31060494 PMCID: PMC6503374 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-019-0075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is one of the leading causes of insulin resistance. Accumulating reports have highlighted that serum amyloid A-1 (SAA1) is a potential candidate that is capable of attenuating insulin resistance. Hence, we conducted the current study with aims of investigating our proposed hypothesis that silencing SAA1 could inhibit the progression of obesity-induced insulin resistance through the NF-κB pathway. Methods Gene expression microarray analysis was initially performed to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with obesity. Palmitate (PA)-induced insulin resistance Huh7 cell models and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mouse models were established to elucidate the effect of SAA1/Saa1 on insulin resistance. The NF-κB pathway-related expression was subsequently determined through the application of reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot analysis. Results Saa1 was identified as an obesity-related gene based on the microarray data of GSE39549. Saa1 was determined to be highly expressed in HFD-induced insulin resistance mouse models. PA-induced Huh7 cells, treated with silenced SAA1 or NF-κB pathway inhibition using BAY 11–7082, displayed a marked decrease in both Saa1 and SOCS3 as well as an elevation in 2DG, IRS1 and the extent of IRS1 phosphorylation. HFD mice treated with silenced Saa1 or inhibited NF-κB pathway exhibited improved fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels as well as fasting plasma insulin (FPI) levels, glucose tolerance and systemic insulin sensitivity. Saa1/SAA1 was determined to show a stimulatory effect on the transport of the NF-κBp65 protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that Saa1/SAA1 could activate the NF-κB pathway. Conclusion Taken together, our key findings highlight a novel mechanism by which silencing of SAA1 hinders PA or HFD-induced insulin resistance through inhibition of the NF-κB pathway. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s10020-019-0075-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 678, Furong Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 678, Furong Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 678, Furong Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 678, Furong Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ben-Li Jia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 678, Furong Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, Hefei, 230601, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
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Chami B, Hossain F, Hambly TW, Cai X, Aran R, Fong G, Vellajo A, Martin NJJ, Wang X, Dennis JM, Sharma A, Shihata WA, Chin-Dusting JPF, de Haan JB, Sharland A, Geczy CL, Freedman B, Witting PK. Serum Amyloid A Stimulates Vascular and Renal Dysfunction in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice Fed a Normal Chow Diet. Front Immunol 2019; 10:380. [PMID: 30899260 PMCID: PMC6416175 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated serum amyloid A (SAA) levels may promote endothelial dysfunction, which is linked to cardiovascular and renal pathologies. We investigated the effect of SAA on vascular and renal function in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice. Male ApoE−/− mice received vehicle (control), low-level lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or recombinant human SAA by i.p. injection every third day for 2 weeks. Heart, aorta and kidney were harvested between 3 days and 18 weeks after treatment. SAA administration increased vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 expression and circulating monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 and decreased aortic cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), consistent with SAA inhibiting nitric oxide bioactivity. In addition, binding of labeled leukocytes to excised aorta increased as monitored using an ex vivo leukocyte adhesion assay. Renal injury was evident 4 weeks after commencement of SAA treatment, manifesting as increased plasma urea, urinary protein, oxidized lipids, urinary kidney injury molecule (KIM)-1 and multiple cytokines and chemokines in kidney tissue, relative to controls. Phosphorylation of nuclear-factor-kappa-beta (NFκB-p-P65), tissue factor (TF), and macrophage recruitment increased in kidneys from ApoE−/− mice 4 weeks after SAA treatment, confirming that SAA elicited a pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic phenotype. These data indicate that SAA impairs endothelial and renal function in ApoE−/− mice in the absence of a high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belal Chami
- Discipline of Pathology, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Farjaneh Hossain
- Discipline of Pathology, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas W Hambly
- Discipline of Pathology, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Xiaoping Cai
- Discipline of Pathology, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Roshanak Aran
- Discipline of Pathology, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Genevieve Fong
- Discipline of Pathology, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Abigail Vellajo
- Discipline of Pathology, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nathan J J Martin
- Discipline of Pathology, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - XiaoSuo Wang
- Discipline of Pathology, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joanne M Dennis
- Discipline of Pathology, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Arpeeta Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Waled A Shihata
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jaye P F Chin-Dusting
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Judy B de Haan
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alexandra Sharland
- Transplantation Immunobiology Group, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carolyn L Geczy
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ben Freedman
- ANZAC Research and Heart Research Institutes, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul K Witting
- Discipline of Pathology, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Zhang Y, Zhang J, Sheng H, Li H, Wang R. Acute phase reactant serum amyloid A in inflammation and other diseases. Adv Clin Chem 2019; 90:25-80. [PMID: 31122611 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute-phase reactant serum amyloid A (A-SAA) plays an important role in acute and chronic inflammation and is used in clinical laboratories as an indicator of inflammation. Although both A-SAA and C-reactive protein (CRP) are acute-phase proteins, the detection of A-SAA is more conclusive than the detection of CRP in patients with viral infections, severe acute pancreatitis, and rejection reactions to kidney transplants. A-SAA has greater clinical diagnostic value in patients who are immunosuppressed, patients with cystic fibrosis who are treated with corticoids, and preterm infants with late-onset sepsis. Nevertheless, for the assessment of the inflammation status and identification of viral infection in other pathologies, such as bacterial infections, the combinatorial use of A-SAA and other acute-phase proteins (APPs), such as CRP and procalcitonin (PCT), can provide more information and sensitivity than the use of any of these proteins alone, and the information generated is important in guiding antibiotic therapy. In addition, A-SAA-associated diseases and the diagnostic value of A-SAA are discussed. However, the relationship between different A-SAA isotypes and their human diseases are mostly derived from research laboratories with limited clinical samples. Thus, further clinical evaluations are necessary to confirm the clinical significance of each A-SAA isotype. Furthermore, the currently available A-SAA assays are based on polyclonal antibodies, which lack isotype specificity and are associated with many inflammatory diseases. Therefore, these assays are usually used in combination with other biomarkers in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Shanghai R&D Center, DiaSys Diagnostic Systems (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Shanghai R&D Center, DiaSys Diagnostic Systems (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Huiming Sheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haichuan Li
- C.N. Maternity & Infant Health Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongfang Wang
- Shanghai R&D Center, DiaSys Diagnostic Systems (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China.
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Schuchardt M, Prüfer N, Tu Y, Herrmann J, Hu XP, Chebli S, Dahlke K, Zidek W, van der Giet M, Tölle M. Dysfunctional high-density lipoprotein activates toll-like receptors via serum amyloid A in vascular smooth muscle cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3421. [PMID: 30833653 PMCID: PMC6399289 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39846-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an uremic toxin and acute phase protein. It accumulates under inflammatory conditions associated with high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with sepsis or end-stage renal disease (ESRD). SAA is an apolipoprotein of the high-density lipoprotein (HDL). SAA accumulation turns HDL from an anti-inflammatory to a pro-inflammatory particle. SAA activates monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in vascular smooth muscle cells. However, the SAA receptor-mediated signaling pathway in vascular cells is poorly understood. Therefore, the SAA-mediated signaling pathway for MCP-1 production was investigated in this study. The SAA-induced MCP-1 production is dependent on the activation of TLR2 and TLR4 as determined by studies with specific receptor antagonists and agonists or siRNA approach. Experiments were confirmed in tissues from TLR2 knockout, TLR4 deficient and TLR2 knock-out/TLR4 deficient mice. The intracellular signaling pathway is IκBα and subsequently NFκB dependent. The MCP-1 production induced by SAA-enriched HDL and HDL isolated from septic patients with high SAA content is also TLR2 and TLR4 dependent. Taken together, the TLR2 and TLR4 receptors are functional SAA receptors mediating MCP-1 release. Furthermore, the TLR2 and TLR4 are receptors for dysfunctional HDL. These results give a further inside in SAA as uremic toxin involved in uremia-related pro-inflammatory response in the vascular wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Schuchardt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Nephrology, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicole Prüfer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Nephrology, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yuexing Tu
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Nephrology, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany.,Zhejiang Provincial People´s Hospital, Intensive Care Unit, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jaqueline Herrmann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Nephrology, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiu-Ping Hu
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Nephrology, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Chebli
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Nephrology, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Dahlke
- Deutsches Institut für Ernaehrungsforschung, Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558, Nuthethal, Germany
| | - Walter Zidek
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Nephrology, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus van der Giet
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Nephrology, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Markus Tölle
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Nephrology, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
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45
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Involvement of serum amyloid A1 in the rupture of fetal membranes through induction of collagen I degradation. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:515-530. [PMID: 30683734 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The de novo synthesis of serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) is augmented in human fetal membranes at parturition. However, its role in parturition remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated whether SAA1 was involved in the rupture of fetal membranes, a crucial event in parturition accompanied with extensive degradation of collagens. Results showed that SAA1 decreased both intracellular and extracellular COL1A1 and COL1A2 abundance, the two subunits of collagen I, without affecting their mRNA levels in human amnion fibroblasts. These reductions were completely blocked only with inhibition of both matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and autophagy. Consistently, SAA1 increased MMP-2/9 abundance and the markers for autophagic activation including autophagy related (ATG) 7 (ATG7) and the microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 β (LC3B) II/I ratio with the formation of LC3 punctas and autophagic vacuoles in the fibroblasts. Moreover, the autophagic degradation of COL1A1/COL1A2 and activation of MMP-2/9 by SAA1 were blocked by inhibitors for the toll-like receptors 2/4 (TLR2/4) or NF-κB. Finally, reciprocal corresponding changes of SAA1 and collagen I were observed in the amnion following spontaneous rupture of membranes (ROM) at parturition. Conclusively, SAA1 may participate in membrane rupture at parturition by degradating collagen I via both autophagic and MMP pathways. These effects of SAA1 appear to be mediated by the TLR2/4 receptors and the NF-κB pathway.
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46
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Human Toll-Like Receptor 4 (hTLR4): Structural and functional dynamics in cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 122:425-451. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Wang YW, Wang WS, Wang LY, Bao YR, Lu JW, Lu Y, Zhang CY, Li WJ, Sun K, Ying H. Extracellular matrix remodeling effects of serum amyloid A1 in the human amnion: Implications for fetal membrane rupture. Am J Reprod Immunol 2018; 81:e13073. [PMID: 30461130 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Rupture of fetal membranes is a crucial event at parturition, which is preceded by extensive extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Our recent studies have demonstrated that the human fetal membranes are capable of de novo synthesis of serum amyloid A1 (SAA1), an acute phase protein, and the abundance of SAA1 in the amnion was increased at parturition. However, the exact role of SAA1 in human parturition remains to be established. METHOD OF STUDY The effects of SAA1 on the abundance of collagenases and lysyl oxidase, the enzyme that cross-links collagens, were investigated in culture primary human amnion fibroblasts and tissue explants with an aim to examine the involvement of SAA1 in the ECM remodeling in the amnion. RESULTS Serum amyloid A1 (SAA1) time- and dose-dependently increased the abundance of collagenases MMP-1, MMP-8, and MMP-13, while decreased the abundance of lysyl oxidase-like 1 (LOXL1). These effects of SAA1 were attenuated by siRNA-mediated knockdown of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and its antagonist CLI-095, but not by siRNA-mediated knockdown of TLR2. Furthermore, the inhibitors for NF-κB (JSH-23) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) p38 (SB203580) and JNK (SP600125) could also attenuate the effects of SAA1, while the inhibitor for MAPK ERK1/2 (PD 98059) could block the effects of SAA1 only on MMP-1, MMP-8, and LOXL1 but not on MMP-13. CONCLUSION These data highlight a possible role for SAA1 in ECM remodeling preceding membrane rupture by regulating the expression of collagenases MMP-1, MMP-8, MMP-13, and LOXL1 through TLR4-mediated activation of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways in amnion fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wei Wang
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang-Sheng Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu-Yao Wang
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Rong Bao
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang-Wen Lu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Chu-Yue Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Jiao Li
- Maternity and Infant Hospital of Changning District, Shanghai, China
| | - Kang Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Ying
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA) proteins were isolated and named over 50 years ago. They are small (104 amino acids) and have a striking relationship to the acute phase response with serum levels rising as much as 1000-fold in 24 hours. SAA proteins are encoded in a family of closely-related genes and have been remarkably conserved throughout vertebrate evolution. Amino-terminal fragments of SAA can form highly organized, insoluble fibrils that accumulate in “secondary” amyloid disease. Despite their evolutionary preservation and dynamic synthesis pattern SAA proteins have lacked well-defined physiologic roles. However, considering an array of many, often unrelated, reports now permits a more coordinated perspective. Protein studies have elucidated basic SAA structure and fibril formation. Appreciating SAA’s lipophilicity helps relate it to lipid transport and metabolism as well as atherosclerosis. SAA’s function as a cytokine-like protein has become recognized in cell-cell communication as well as feedback in inflammatory, immunologic, neoplastic and protective pathways. SAA likely has a critical role in control and possibly propagation of the primordial acute phase response. Appreciating the many cellular and molecular interactions for SAA suggests possibilities for improved understanding of pathophysiology as well as treatment and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- George H Sack
- Departments of Biological Chemistry and Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Physiology 615, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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49
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Cheng N, Liang Y, Du X, Ye RD. Serum amyloid A promotes LPS clearance and suppresses LPS-induced inflammation and tissue injury. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201745517. [PMID: 30126923 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201745517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major microbial mediator for tissue injury and sepsis resulting from Gram-negative bacterial infection. LPS is an external factor that induces robust expression of serum amyloid A (SAA), a major constituent of the acute-phase proteins, but the relationship between SAA expression and LPS-induced tissue injury remains unclear. Here, we report that mice with inducible transgenic expression of human SAA1 are partially protected against inflammatory response and lung injury caused by LPS and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). In comparison, transgenic SAA1 does not attenuate TNFα-induced lung inflammation and injury. The SAA1 expression level correlates inversely with the endotoxin concentrations in serum and lung tissues since SAA1 binds directly to LPS to form a complex that promotes LPS uptake by macrophages. Disruption of the SAA1-LPS interaction with a SAA1-derived peptide partially reduces the protective effect and exacerbates inflammation. These findings demonstrate that acute-phase SAA provides innate feedback protection against LPS-induced inflammation and tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yurong Liang
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiaoping Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Richard D Ye
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA .,State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau Special Administrative Region, China
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50
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Cheng N, Liang Y, Du X, Ye RD. Serum amyloid A promotes
LPS
clearance and suppresses
LPS
‐induced inflammation and tissue injury. EMBO Rep 2018. [DOI: 10.15252/embr.201745517 (e45517):14 pp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ni Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology College of Medicine University of Illinois Chicago IL USA
| | - Yurong Liang
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology College of Medicine University of Illinois Chicago IL USA
| | - Xiaoping Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology College of Medicine University of Illinois Chicago IL USA
| | - Richard D Ye
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular Biology College of Medicine University of Illinois Chicago IL USA
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Macau Special Administrative Region China
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