1
|
Yoshida M, Kwon AT, Qin XY, Nishimura H, Maeda S, Miyamoto Y, Yoshida Y, Hoshino Y, Suzuki H. Transcriptome analysis of long non-coding RNAs in Mycobacterium avium complex-infected macrophages. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1374437. [PMID: 38711507 PMCID: PMC11070510 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1374437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is a non-tuberculous mycobacterium widely distributed in the environment. Even though MAC infection is increasing in older women and immunocompromised patients, to our knowledge there has been no comprehensive analysis of the MAC-infected host-cell transcriptome-and particularly of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). By using in vitro-cultured primary mouse bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and Cap analysis of gene expression, we analyzed the transcriptional and kinetic landscape of macrophage genes, with a focus on lncRNAs, during MAC infection. MAC infection of macrophages induced the expression of immune/inflammatory response genes and other genes similar to those involved in M1 macrophage activation, consistent with previous reports, although Nos2 (M1 activation) and Arg1 (M2 activation) had distinct expression profiles. We identified 31 upregulated and 30 downregulated lncRNA promoters corresponding respectively to 18 and 26 lncRNAs. Upregulated lncRNAs were clustered into two groups-early and late upregulated-predicted to be associated with immune activation and the immune response to infection, respectively. Furthermore, an Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed canonical pathways and upstream transcription regulators associated with differentially expressed lncRNAs. Several differentially expressed lncRNAs reported elsewhere underwent expressional changes upon M1 or M2 preactivation and subsequent MAC infection. Finally, we showed that expressional change of lncRNAs in MAC-infected BMDMs was mediated by toll-like receptor 2, although there may be other mechanisms that sense MAC infection. We identified differentially expressed lncRNAs in MAC-infected BMDMs, revealing diverse features that imply the distinct roles of these lncRNAs in MAC infection and macrophage polarization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsunori Yoshida
- Department of Mycobacteriology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Higashi-Murayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andrew Taejun Kwon
- Laboratory for Cellular Function Conversion Technology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Xian-Yang Qin
- Laboratory for Cellular Function Conversion Technology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hajime Nishimura
- Laboratory for Cellular Function Conversion Technology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shiori Maeda
- Laboratory for Cellular Function Conversion Technology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuji Miyamoto
- Department of Mycobacteriology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Higashi-Murayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kita-Kyushu, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hoshino
- Department of Mycobacteriology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Higashi-Murayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harukazu Suzuki
- Laboratory for Cellular Function Conversion Technology, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Weng S, Ma H, Lin T, He Y, Zhang J, Zhang X, Wang H, Zhang W, Xu Y. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mce2D protein blocks M1 polarization in macrophages by inhibiting the ERK signaling pathway. Microb Pathog 2023; 184:106367. [PMID: 37778704 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages play a pivotal role in controlling Mycobacterium infection, and the pathogen thrives in the event of immune evasion and immunosuppression of macrophages. Mammalian cell entry proteins (Mce) are required for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) growth and the host cell's initial phagocytosis and cytokine response. Mce2D protein is one of a family of proteins that infect M. tb; however, the function and mechanism of action remain unclear. In this study, we constructed the Mce2D knockout strain using Mycobacterium smegmatis to study the function of Mce2D in the infection of macrophages. The results indicated that compared to the knockout strain, the release of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) reduced when WT strain infected the macrophages. Moreover, Mce2D boosted the metabolism of oxidized fatty acids, increased the energy supply of TCA, and lowered the glycolysis of glucose in macrophages after bacterial infection, all of which prevented the polarization of macrophages to M1, which was driven by the fact that Mce2D blocked ERK2 phosphorylation by interacting with ERK2 through its DEF motif. This, in turn, promoted nuclear translocation of HIF-1α, allowing signal accumulation, which increased the HIF-1α transcription levels. Finally, the mouse infection experiment showed that Mce2D caused blockage of M1 polarization of alveolar macrophages, resulting in reduced bactericidal activity and antigen presentation, weakening Th1 cell-mediated immune response and helping bacteria escape the immune system. Our results reveal that Mce2D causes immune escape by blocking M1 polarization in macrophages, providing potential targets for the rational design of therapies against M. tb infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shufeng Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huixia Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Taiyue Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yumo He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuelian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Honghai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Huashen Institute of Microbes and Infections, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Huashen Institute of Microbes and Infections, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
α-Linolenic acid regulates macrophages via GPR120-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway to ameliorate diabetic rats. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
4
|
Paredes-González IS, Aparicio-Trejo OE, Ramos-Espinosa O, López-Torres MO, Maya-Hoyos M, Mendoza-Trujillo M, Barrera-Rosales A, Mata-Espinosa D, León-Contreras JC, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Espitia C, Hernández-Pando R. Effect of mycobacterial proteins that target mitochondria on the alveolar macrophages activation during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Exp Lung Res 2022; 48:251-265. [PMID: 36102603 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2022.2120649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of the study: During the early and progressive (late) stages of murine experimental pulmonary tuberculosis, the differential activation of macrophages contributes to disease development by controlling bacterial growth and immune regulation. Mycobacterial proteins P27 and PE_PGRS33 can target the mitochondria of macrophages. This study aims to evaluate the effect of both proteins on macrophage activation during mycobacterial infection. Materials and methods: We assess both proteins for mitochondrial oxygen consumption, and morphological changes, as well as bactericide activity, production of metabolites, cytokines, and activation markers in infected MQs. The cell line MH-S was used for all the experiments. Results: We show that P27 and PE_PGRS33 proteins modified mitochondrial dynamics, oxygen consumption, bacilli growth, cytokine production, and some genes that contribute to macrophage alternative activation and mycobacterial intracellular survival. Conclusions: Our findings showed that these bacterial proteins partially contribute to promoting M2 differentiation by altering mitochondrial metabolic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Selene Paredes-González
- División de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Omar Emiliano Aparicio-Trejo
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Octavio Ramos-Espinosa
- División de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Manuel Othoniel López-Torres
- División de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Milena Maya-Hoyos
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Ciudad Universitaria, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Monserrat Mendoza-Trujillo
- División de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Barrera-Rosales
- División de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dulce Mata-Espinosa
- División de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos León-Contreras
- División de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Clara Espitia
- Departamento de Inmunología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- División de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shawaf T, Schuberth HJ, Hussen J. Immune cell composition of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in healthy and respiratory diseased dromedary camels. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:353. [PMID: 36131278 PMCID: PMC9490690 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03446-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory diseases are among the most common and expensive to treat diseases in camels with a great economic impact on camel health, welfare, and production. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) has been proven as a valuable sample for investigating the leukocyte populations in the respiratory tract of several species. In the present study, fluorescent antibody labeling and flow cytometry were used to study the immune cell composition of BALF in dromedary camels. Animals with clinical respiratory diseases (n = seven) were compared with apparently healthy animals (n = 10). In addition, blood leukocytes from the same animals were stained in parallel with the same antibodies and analyzed by flow cytometry. Results Camel BALF macrophages, granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes were identified based on their forward and side scatter properties. The expression pattern of the cell markers CD172a, CD14, CD163, and MHCII molecules on BALF cells indicates a similar phenotype for camel, bovine, and porcine BALF myeloid cells. The comparison between camels with respiratory disease and healthy camels regarding cellular composition in their BALF revealed a higher total cell count, a higher fraction of granulocytes, and a lower fraction of macrophages in diseased than healthy camels. Within the lymphocyte population, the percentages of helper T cells and B cells were also higher in diseased than healthy camels. The elevated expression of the activation marker CD11a on helper T cells of diseased camels is an indication of the expansion of helper T cells population due to infection and exposure to respiratory pathogens. The higher abundance of MHCII molecules on BALF macrophages from diseased camels indicates a polarization toward an inflammatory macrophage phenotype (M1) in respiratory diseased camels. No significant differences were observed in the systemic leukogram between healthy and diseased animals. Conclusions Collectively, the current study represents the first report on flow cytometric analysis of immune cell composition of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in dromedary camels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Turke Shawaf
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hans-Joachim Schuberth
- Institute for Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jamal Hussen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jin L, Xiao L, Ding M, Pan A, Balian G, Sung SSJ, Li XJ. Heterogeneous macrophages contribute to the pathology of disc herniation induced radiculopathy. Spine J 2022; 22:677-689. [PMID: 34718176 PMCID: PMC8957503 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Macrophages play important roles in the progression of intervertebral disc herniation and radiculopathy. PURPOSE To better understand the roles of macrophages in this process, we developed a new mouse model that mimics human radiculopathy. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING A preclinical randomized animal study. METHODS Three types of surgeries were performed in randomly assigned Balb/c mice. These were spinal nerve exposure, traditional anterior disc puncture, and lateral disc puncture with nerve exposure (n=16/group). For the nerve exposure group, the left L5 spinal nerve was exposed without disc injury. For the traditional anterior puncture, L5/6 disc was punctured by an anterior approach as previously established. For lateral puncture with nerve exposure, the left L5 spinal nerve was exposed by removing the psoas major muscle fibers, and the L5/6 disc was punctured laterally on the left side with a 30G needle, allowing the nucleus to protrude toward the L5 spinal nerve. Mechanical hyperalgesia (pain sensitivity) of hind paws was assessed with electronic von Frey assay on alternative day for up to 2 weeks. MRI, histology, and immunostaining were performed to confirm disc herniation and inflammation. RESULTS Ipsilateral pain in the lateral puncture with nerve exposure group was significantly greater than the other groups. Pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 were markedly elevated at the hernia sites of both puncture groups and the spinal nerve of lateral puncture with never exposure group on postoperative day 7. Heterogeneous populations of macrophages were detected in the infiltration tissue of this mouse model and in tissue from patients undergone discectomy. CONCLUSIONS We have established a new mouse model that mimics human radiculopathy and demonstrated that a mixed phenotype of macrophages contribute to the pathogenesis of acute discogenic radiculopathy. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study provides a clinically relevant in vivo animal model to elucidate complex interactions of disc herniation and radicular pain, which may present opportunities for the development of macrophage-anchored therapeutics to manage radiculopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Jin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Mengmeng Ding
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Aixing Pan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Gary Balian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Sun-Sang J Sung
- Department of Medicine and Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Xudong Joshua Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
King EM, Hume PS, Janssen WJ, McCubbrey AL. Isolation and Analysis of Macrophage Subsets from the Mouse and Human Lung. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2506:257-267. [PMID: 35771477 PMCID: PMC10978154 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2364-0_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary macrophages are heterogeneous. Distinct populations of resident tissue macrophages exist in the lung airspace and tissue compartments during homeostasis. During inflammation, these are joined by monocyte-derived recruited macrophages. Flow cytometry can be used to identify and purify lung macrophage subsets. Here, we describe methods for identifying and isolating macrophages from bronchoalveolar lavage and digested lung tissues from mouse and human. We also describe basic staining for flow cytometry analysis of different macrophage subsets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily M King
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Patrick S Hume
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - William J Janssen
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alexandra L McCubbrey
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA.
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen Q, Hu C, Lu W, Hang T, Shao Y, Chen C, Wang Y, Li N, Jin L, Wu W, Wang H, Zeng X, Xie W. Characteristics of alveolar macrophages in bronchioalveolar lavage fluids from active tuberculosis patients identified by single-cell RNA sequencing. J Biomed Res 2022; 36:167-180. [PMID: 35635159 PMCID: PMC9179115 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.36.20220007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), and presents with high morbidity and mortality. Alveolar macrophages play an important role in TB pathogenesis although there is heterogeneity and functional plasticity. This study aimed to show the characteristics of alveolar macrophages from bronchioalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in active TB patients. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed on BALF cells from three patients with active TB and additional scRNA-seq data from three healthy adults were established as controls. Transcriptional profiles were analyzed and compared by differential geneexpression and functional enrichment analysis. We applied pseudo-temporal trajectory analysis to investigate correlations and heterogeneity within alveolar macrophage subclusters. Alveolar macrophages from active TB patients at the single-cell resolution are described. We found that TB patients have higher cellular percentages in five macrophage subclusters. Alveolar macrophage subclusters with increased percentages were involved in inflammatory signaling pathways as well as the basic macrophage functions. The TB-increased alveolar macrophage subclusters might be derived from M1-like polarization state, before switching to an M2-like polarization state with the development ofM. tuberculosis infection. Cell-cell communications of alveolar macrophages also increased and enhanced in active TB patients. Overall, our study demonstrated the characteristics of alveolar macrophages from BALF in active TB patients by using scRNA-seq.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Chunmei Hu
- Department of Tuberculosis, the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Tianxing Hang
- Department of Tuberculosis, the Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yan Shao
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Linling Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Weiping Xie, Xiaoning Zeng, and Hong Wang. Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. Tel/Fax: +86-25-68306030/+86-25-68306030. E-mails:
,
, and
| | - Xiaoning Zeng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Weiping Xie, Xiaoning Zeng, and Hong Wang. Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. Tel/Fax: +86-25-68306030/+86-25-68306030. E-mails:
,
, and
| | - Weiping Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
- Weiping Xie, Xiaoning Zeng, and Hong Wang. Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China. Tel/Fax: +86-25-68306030/+86-25-68306030. E-mails:
,
, and
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Szulc-Kielbik I, Kielbik M. Tumor-Associated Macrophages: Reasons to Be Cheerful, Reasons to Be Fearful. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2022; 113:107-140. [PMID: 35165862 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91311-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and constantly evolving entity that consists not only of cancer cells, but also of resident host cells and immune-infiltrating cells, among which macrophages are significant components, due to their diversity of functions through which they can influence the immune response against tumor cells. Macrophages present in tumor environment are termed as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). They are strongly plastic cells, and depending on the TME stimuli (i.e., cytokines, chemokines), TAMs polarize to antitumoral (M1-like TAMs) or protumoral (M2-like TAMs) phenotype. Both types of TAMs differ in the surface receptors' expression, activation of intracellular signaling pathways, and ability of production and various metabolites release. At the early stage of tumor formation, TAMs are M1-like phenotype, and they are able to eliminate tumor cells, i.e., by reactive oxygen species formation or by presentation of cancer antigens to other effector immune cells. However, during tumor progression, TAMs M2-like phenotype is dominating. They mainly contribute to angiogenesis, stromal remodeling, enhancement of tumor cells migration and invasion, and immunosuppression. This wide variety of TAMs' functions makes them an excellent subject for use in developing antitumor therapies which mainly is based on three strategies: TAMs' elimination, reprograming, or recruitment inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michal Kielbik
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Suchard MS, Adu-Gyamfi CG, Cumming BM, Savulescu DM. Evolutionary Views of Tuberculosis: Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Catalyzed Nicotinamide Synthesis Reflects Shifts in Macrophage Metabolism: Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Reflects Altered Macrophage Metabolism During Tuberculosis Pathogenesis. Bioessays 2021; 42:e1900220. [PMID: 32301149 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is the rate-limiting enzyme in conversion of tryptophan to kynurenines, feeding de novo nicotinamide synthesis. IDO orchestrates materno-foetal tolerance, increasing human reproductive fitness. IDO mediates immune suppression through depletion of tryptophan required by T lymphocytes and other mechanisms. IDO is expressed by alternatively activated macrophages, suspected to play a key role in tuberculosis (TB) pathogenesis. Unlike its human host, Mycobacterium tuberculosis can synthesize tryptophan, suggesting possible benefit to the host from infection with the microbe. Intriguingly, nicotinamide analogues are used to treat TB. In reviewing this field, it is postulated that flux through the nicotinamide synthesis pathway reflects switching between aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in M. tuberculosis-infected macrophages. The evolutionary cause of such shifts may be ancient mitochondrial behavior related to reproductive fitness. Evolutionary perspectives on the IDO pathway may elucidate why, after centuries of co-existence with the Tubercle bacillus, humans still remain susceptible to TB disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melinda S Suchard
- Centre for Vaccines and Immunology, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, 2192, South Africa.,Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Clement G Adu-Gyamfi
- Centre for Vaccines and Immunology, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, 2192, South Africa.,Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | | | - Dana M Savulescu
- Centre for Vaccines and Immunology, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, a division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, 2192, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Stevens MT, Nagaria BD, Britton WJ, Saunders BM. Macrophages of different tissue origin exhibit distinct inflammatory responses to mycobacterial infection. Immunol Cell Biol 2021; 99:1085-1092. [PMID: 34273196 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages display marked plasticity with functions in both inflammation and tissue repair. Evidence demonstrates that this spectrum of macrophage phenotypes is influenced by their local microenvironment and tissue origin. However, in vitro macrophage experiments often do not or cannot readily use macrophages from the most relevant tissue of origin. This study investigated if the origin of two C57BL/6 mouse macrophage cell lines of alveolar (AMJ2-C11) and peritoneal (IC-21) origin may influence their response to mycobacterial infection. Both cell lines equally controlled the growth of Mycobacterium bovis BCG and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, although the expression of all proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines measured (TNF, IL-6, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and RANTES) was significantly higher in AMJ2-C11 cells than in IC-21 cells. During M. tuberculosis infection, IL-6, MCP-1, and RANTES expression increased 5-fold, and MIP-1β expression increased 30-fold. Additionally, AMJ2-C11 cells exhibited significantly higher inducible nitric oxide synthase activity than IC-21 cells, indicative of a more polarized M1 response. The expression of multiple surface markers was also assessed by flow cytometry. CD80 and CD86 were significantly upregulated in AMJ2-C11 cells and downregulated in IC-21 cells during M. tuberculosis infection. The results support the notion that the origin of tissue-resident macrophages influences their phenotype and antimicrobial response and demonstrate hereto unrecognized potential for these cell lines in in vitro studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell T Stevens
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Warwick J Britton
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Bernadette M Saunders
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Potteti HR, Venkareddy LK, Noone PM, Ankireddy A, Tamatam CR, Mehta D, Tiruppathi C, Reddy SP. Nrf2 Regulates Anti-Inflammatory A20 Deubiquitinase Induction by LPS in Macrophages in Contextual Manner. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060847. [PMID: 34073293 PMCID: PMC8228212 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aberrant regulation of inflammatory gene transcription following oxidant and inflammatory stimuli can culminate in unchecked systemic inflammation leading to organ dysfunction. The Nrf2 transcription factor dampens cellular stress and controls inflammation by upregulating antioxidant gene expression and TNFα-induced Protein 3 (TNFAIP3, aka A20) deubiquitinase by controlling NF-kB signaling dampens tissue inflammation. Here, we report that Nrf2 is required for A20 induction by inflammatory stimuli LPS in monocyte/bone marrow derived macrophages (MDMΦs) but not in lung-macrophages (LDMΦs). LPS-induced A20 expression was significantly lower in Nrf2-/- MDMΦs and was not restored by antioxidant supplementation. Nrf2 deficiency markedly impaired LPS-stimulated A20 mRNA expression Nrf2-/- MDMΦs and ChIP assays showed Nrf2 enrichment at the promoter Nrf2-/- MDMΦs upon LPS stimulation, demonstrating that Nrf2 directly regulates A20 expression. Contrary to MDMΦs, LPS-stimulated A20 expression was not largely impaired in Nrf2-/- LDMΦs ex vivo and in vivo and ChIP assays showed lack of increased Nrf2 binding at the A20 promoter in LDMΦ following LPS treatment. Collectively, these results demonstrate a crucial role for Nrf2 in optimal A20 transcriptional induction in macrophages by endotoxin, and this regulation occurs in a contextual manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haranatha R. Potteti
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (H.R.P.); (L.K.V.); (P.M.N.); (A.A.); (C.R.T.)
| | - Lalith K. Venkareddy
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (H.R.P.); (L.K.V.); (P.M.N.); (A.A.); (C.R.T.)
| | - Patrick M. Noone
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (H.R.P.); (L.K.V.); (P.M.N.); (A.A.); (C.R.T.)
| | - Aparna Ankireddy
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (H.R.P.); (L.K.V.); (P.M.N.); (A.A.); (C.R.T.)
| | - Chandramohan R. Tamatam
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (H.R.P.); (L.K.V.); (P.M.N.); (A.A.); (C.R.T.)
| | - Dolly Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (D.M.); (C.T.)
| | - Chinnaswamy Tiruppathi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (D.M.); (C.T.)
| | - Sekhar P. Reddy
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (H.R.P.); (L.K.V.); (P.M.N.); (A.A.); (C.R.T.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Singh AK, Verma RK, Mukker JK, Yadav AB, Muttil P, Sharma R, Mohan M, Agrawal AK, Gupta A, Dwivedi AK, Gupta P, Gupta UD, Mani U, Chaudhari BP, Murthy RC, Sharma S, Bhadauria S, Singh S, Rath SK, Misra A. Inhalable particles containing isoniazid and rifabutin as adjunct therapy for safe, efficacious and relapse-free cure of experimental animal tuberculosis in one month. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2021; 128:102081. [PMID: 33915379 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2021.102081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the preclinical efficacy and safety/tolerability of biodegradable polymeric particles containing isoniazid (INH) and rifabutin (RFB) dry powder for inhalation (DPI) as an adjunct to oral first-line therapy. Mice and guinea pigs infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (Mtb) were treated with ∼80 and ∼300 μg of the DPI, respectively, for 3-4 weeks starting 3, 10, and 30 days post-infection. Adjunct combination therapy eliminated culturable Mtb from the lungs and spleens of all but one of 52 animals that received the DPI. Relapse-free cure was not achieved in one mouse that received DPI + oral, human-equivalent doses (HED) of four drugs used in the Directly Observed Treatment, Short Course (DOTS), starting 30 days post-infection. Oral doses (20 mg/Kg/day, each) of INH + RFB reduced Mtb burden from ∼106 to ∼103 colony-forming units. Combining half the oral dose with DPI prevented relapse of infection four weeks after stopping the treatment. The DPI was safe in rodents, guinea pigs, and monkeys at 1, 10, and 100 μg/day doses over 90 days. In conclusion, we show the efficacy and safety/tolerability of the DPI as an adjunct to oral chemotherapy in three different animal models of TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Singh
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Rahul K Verma
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | | | - Awadh B Yadav
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Pavan Muttil
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Rolee Sharma
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Mradul Mohan
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Atul K Agrawal
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Anuradha Gupta
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Anil K Dwivedi
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Pushpa Gupta
- National JALMA Institute of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, 282001, India
| | - Umesh D Gupta
- National JALMA Institute of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, 282001, India
| | - Uthirappan Mani
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | | | - Ramesh C Murthy
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Sharad Sharma
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | | | - Sarika Singh
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | | | - Amit Misra
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sha S, Shi Y, Tang Y, Jia L, Han X, Liu Y, Li X, Ma Y. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv1987 protein induces M2 polarization of macrophages through activating the PI3K/Akt1/mTOR signaling pathway. Immunol Cell Biol 2021; 99:570-585. [PMID: 33469941 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) can subvert host immune responses and survive in macrophages. Specific Mtb antigens play a critical role in this process. Rv1987, a secretory protein encoded by the gene rv1987 in the region of difference-2 (RD2) of the Mtb genome, is specifically expressed in pathogenic mycobacteria. Our previous work proved that Rv1987 induced a Th2 response in mice and enhanced mycobacterial survival in mouse lungs, but its effect on macrophages, the most important effector immune cell involved in killing Mtb, remains unclear. In this study, we used an M. smegmatis strain overexpressing Rv1987 protein to infect alveolar macrophages and the macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and analyzed the effect of Rv1987 protein on macrophage polarization. Rv1987 induced M2 polarization in macrophages both in vivo and in vitro. The bactericidal ability of these M2 polarized macrophages decreased remarkably, which resulted in the increased survival of bacteria in macrophages. Proteomics, RT-qPCR and western blotting results revealed that the PI3K/Akt1/mTOR signaling pathway was activated in Rv1987-induced M2 macrophages. Meanwhile, the SHIP molecule, a negative regulator of the PI3K/Akt1/mTOR signaling pathway, was significantly downregulated. These results suggest that Rv1987 plays an important role in modulating the host immune response and could be established as a potential drug target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Sha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yawei Tang
- Department of Immunology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Liqiu Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiuyan Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Immunology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yufang Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Microbiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Feng JY, Su WJ, Chuang FY, Pan SW, Yeh YC, Lin YY, Chen NJ. TREM-1 enhances Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced inflammatory responses in macrophages. Microbes Infect 2020; 23:104765. [PMID: 33049389 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) extensively interacts with toll-like receptors and amplifies pro-inflammatory responses. The effect of TREM-1 on Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)-related immune responses remains to be elucidated. We isolated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from wild-type mice and Trem-1 KO mice and treated them with MTB whole cell lysate and EsxA (ESAT-6). Cytokine production and mRNA expression, including Trem-1, following stimulation were evaluated. Intratracheal instillation of heat-killed MTB (HKMTB) in mice was performed and the presence of TREM-1-positive macrophages was investigated by immunohistochemistry analysis. In our study, BMDMs isolated from wild-type mice produced more pro-inflammatory cytokines and demonstrated higher inflammatory gene expression levels compared with those isolated from Trem-1 KO mice when stimulated with MTB whole cell lysate. EsxA had a synergistic effect with MTB whole cell lysate on the induction of pro-inflammatory responses. The gene expression of Trem-1 was upregulated when treated with MTB-related proteins. TREM-1-positive macrophages were identified in the lung tissues from patients with active TB and from wild-type mice treated with intratracheal instillation of HKMTB. In conclusion, in mouse macrophages, TREM-1 could enhance pro-inflammatory immune responses when stimulated with MTB-related proteins. The gene expression of Trem-1 could also be induced by MTB-related stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yih Feng
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Juin Su
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Yi Chuang
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wei Pan
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Yeh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Yang Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nien-Jung Chen
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Genoula M, Marín Franco JL, Maio M, Dolotowicz B, Ferreyra M, Milillo MA, Mascarau R, Moraña EJ, Palmero D, Matteo M, Fuentes F, López B, Barrionuevo P, Neyrolles O, Cougoule C, Lugo-Villarino G, Vérollet C, Sasiain MDC, Balboa L. Fatty acid oxidation of alternatively activated macrophages prevents foam cell formation, but Mycobacterium tuberculosis counteracts this process via HIF-1α activation. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008929. [PMID: 33002063 PMCID: PMC7553279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to persist inside host cells relies on metabolic adaptation, like the accumulation of lipid bodies (LBs) in the so-called foamy macrophages (FM), which are favorable to Mtb. The activation state of macrophages is tightly associated to different metabolic pathways, such as lipid metabolism, but whether differentiation towards FM differs between the macrophage activation profiles remains unclear. Here, we aimed to elucidate whether distinct macrophage activation states exposed to a tuberculosis-associated microenvironment or directly infected with Mtb can form FM. We showed that the triggering of signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) in interleukin (IL)-4-activated human macrophages (M(IL-4)) prevents FM formation induced by pleural effusion from patients with tuberculosis. In these cells, LBs are disrupted by lipolysis, and the released fatty acids enter the β-oxidation (FAO) pathway fueling the generation of ATP in mitochondria. Accordingly, murine alveolar macrophages, which exhibit a predominant FAO metabolism, are less prone to become FM than bone marrow derived-macrophages. Interestingly, direct infection of M(IL-4) macrophages with Mtb results in the establishment of aerobic glycolytic pathway and FM formation, which could be prevented by FAO activation or inhibition of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α)-induced glycolytic pathway. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that Mtb has a remarkable capacity to induce FM formation through the rewiring of metabolic pathways in human macrophages, including the STAT6-driven alternatively activated program. This study provides key insights into macrophage metabolism and pathogen subversion strategies. Tuberculosis is a deadly disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although progress has been made in tuberculosis control, there are unexplored aspects of how the immune system deals with the pathogen that need to be addressed. M. tuberculosis primarily lives in macrophages, immune cells which can destroy mycobacteria. In spite of the multiple microbicidal properties, the bacterium still manipulates the metabolism of macrophages, reflected in the accumulation lipid droplets and consequent differentiation into foamy macrophages. These lipid-laden macrophages constitute a favorable niche for the bacteria to persist hidden from our immune defense. Macrophages are classified into different programs depending on how they are activated by environmental signals, ranging from classically (microbicidal/inflammatory) to alternatively (tissue remodeling/repair/growth) activated spectrum extremes. We found that, unlike other programs, alternatively activated macrophages are reluctant to accumulate lipid droplets due to the signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6), which promotes the degradation of those lipids. Notwithstanding, M. tuberculosis counteracts lipolysis by rewiring the metabolism of alternatively activated macrophages towards the accumulation of lipid droplets via the activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α). Therefore, this study contributes to the better understanding of how bacillus shifts the metabolism of macrophages, which can be crucial to therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Genoula
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS IM-TB/HIV (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina-Toulouse, France
| | - José Luis Marín Franco
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS IM-TB/HIV (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina-Toulouse, France
| | - Mariano Maio
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Belén Dolotowicz
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Malena Ferreyra
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Ayelén Milillo
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rémi Mascarau
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Eduardo José Moraña
- Instituto Prof. Dr. Raúl Vaccarezza, Hospital de Infecciosas Dr. F.J. Muñiz, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Domingo Palmero
- Instituto Prof. Dr. Raúl Vaccarezza, Hospital de Infecciosas Dr. F.J. Muñiz, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mario Matteo
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis y Micobacteriosis "Dr. Abel Cetrángolo", Hospital de Infecciosas Dr. F.J. Muñiz, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Fuentes
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Beatriz López
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas (INEI), ANLIS "Carlos G. Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Barrionuevo
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Olivier Neyrolles
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS IM-TB/HIV (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina-Toulouse, France.,Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Cougoule
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS IM-TB/HIV (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina-Toulouse, France.,Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Geanncarlo Lugo-Villarino
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS IM-TB/HIV (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina-Toulouse, France.,Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Christel Vérollet
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS IM-TB/HIV (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina-Toulouse, France.,Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - María Del Carmen Sasiain
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS IM-TB/HIV (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina-Toulouse, France
| | - Luciana Balboa
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS IM-TB/HIV (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina-Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Auld SC, Staitieh BS. HIV and the tuberculosis "set point": how HIV impairs alveolar macrophage responses to tuberculosis and sets the stage for progressive disease. Retrovirology 2020; 17:32. [PMID: 32967690 PMCID: PMC7509826 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-020-00540-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As HIV has fueled a global resurgence of tuberculosis over the last several decades, there is a growing awareness that HIV-mediated impairments in both innate and adaptive immunity contribute to the heightened risk of tuberculosis in people with HIV. Since early immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) set the stage for subsequent control or progression to active tuberculosis disease, early host-pathogen interactions following Mtb infection can be thought of as establishing a mycobacterial "set point," which we define as the mycobacterial burden at the point of adaptive immune activation. This early immune response is impaired in the context of HIV coinfection, allowing for a higher mycobacterial set point and greater likelihood of progression to active disease with greater bacterial burden. Alveolar macrophages, as the first cells to encounter Mtb in the lungs, play a critical role in containing Mtb growth and establishing the mycobacterial set point. However, a number of key macrophage functions, ranging from pathogen recognition and uptake to phagocytosis and microbial killing, are blunted in HIV coinfection. To date, research evaluating the effects of HIV on the alveolar macrophage response to Mtb has been relatively limited, particularly with regard to the critical early events that help to dictate the mycobacterial set point. A greater understanding of alveolar macrophage functions impacted by HIV coinfection will improve our understanding of protective immunity to Mtb and may reveal novel pathways amenable to intervention to improve both early immune control of Mtb and clinical outcomes for the millions of people worldwide infected with HIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Auld
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li X, Körner H, Liu X. Susceptibility to Intracellular Infections: Contributions of TNF to Immune Defense. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1643. [PMID: 32760383 PMCID: PMC7374010 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An interesting puzzle is the fact that an infection of a tumor necrosis factor α (TNF)-deficient host with pathogens such as bacteria or parasites that reside intracellularly inevitably ends fatally. Is this due to one specific role of TNF in the immune defense or are different functions responsible for this outcome? In this review we provide an update of the functions of TNF in the defense against the intracellular pathogens Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Leishmania major. Furthermore, we discuss the role of TNF in the generation of proinflammatory macrophages in mouse models of infection and summarize briefly the potential consequences of anti-TNF treatment for infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Li
- Translational Research Institute, Academy of Medical Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Heinrich Körner
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immunodrugs in Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- Translational Research Institute, Academy of Medical Science, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kulshrestha R, Dhanda H, Pandey A, Singh A, Kumar R. Immunopathogenesis and therapeutic potential of macrophage influx in diffuse parenchymal lung diseases. Expert Rev Respir Med 2020; 14:917-928. [PMID: 32600077 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2020.1776117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLD)/interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are progressive lung disorders with usually unclear etiology, poor long-term survival and no effective treatment. Their pathogenesis is characterized by alveolar epithelial cell injury, inflammation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and parenchymal fibrosis. Macrophages play diverse roles in their development, both in the acute phase and in tissue repair. AREAS COVERED In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the role of macrophages and their phenotypes in the immunopathogenesis of DPLDs; CVD-ILD, UIP, NSIP, DIP, RB-ILD, AIP, HP, Sarcoidosis, etc. Our goal is to update the understanding of the immune mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of fibrosis in DPLDs. This will help in identification of biomarkers and in developing novel therapeutic strategies for DPLDs. A thorough literature search of the published studies in PubMed (from 1975 to 2020) was done. EXPERT OPINION The macrophage associated inflammatory markers needs to be explored for their potential as biomarkers of disease activity and progression. Pharmacological targeting of macrophage activation may reduce the risk of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) and help improving the survival and prognosis of these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Himanshu Dhanda
- Department of Pathology, V.P.Chest Institute , New Delhi, India
| | - Apoorva Pandey
- Department of Pathology, V.P.Chest Institute , New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Pathology, V.P.Chest Institute , New Delhi, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, V.P.Chest Institute , New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abd El-Aleem SA, Abd-Elghany MI, Ali Saber E, Jude EB, Djouhri L. A possible role for inducible arginase isoform (AI) in the pathogenesis of chronic venous leg ulcer. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:9974-9991. [PMID: 32458472 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Chronic venous ulcer (CVU) is a major cause of chronic wounds of lower extremities and presents a significant financial and resource burden to health care systems worldwide. Defects in the vasculature, matrix deposition, and re-epithelialization are the main histopathological changes believed to impede healing. Supplementation of the amino acid arginine that plays a crucial role in the interactions that occur during inflammation and wound healing was proven clinically to improve acute wound healing probably through enhancing activity of inducible arginase (AI) locally in the wounds. However, the possible mechanism of arginine action and the potential beneficial effects of AI/arginine in human chronic wounds remain unclear. In the present study, using biopsies, taken under local anesthesia, from adult patients (n = 12, mean age 55 years old) with CVUs in lower extremities, we investigated the correlation between AI distribution in CVUs and the histopathological changes, mainly proliferative and vascular changes. Our results show a distinct spatial distribution of AI along the ulcer in the epidermis and in the dermis with the highest level of expression being at the ulcer edge and the least expression towards the ulcer base. The AI cellular immunoreactivity, enzymatic activity, and protein levels were significantly increased towards the ulcer edge. Interestingly, a similar pattern of expression was encountered in the proliferative and the vascular changes with strong correlations between AI and the proliferative activity and vascular changes. Furthermore, AI cellular distribution was associated with increased proliferative activity, inflammation, and vascular changes. Our findings of differential expression of AI along the CVU base, edge, and nearby surrounding skin and its associations with increased proliferative activity and vascular changes provide further support to the AI implication in CVU pathogenesis. The presence of high levels of AI in the epidermis of chronic wounds may serve as a molecular marker of impaired healing and may provide future targets for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seham A Abd El-Aleem
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Department of Histology and cell Biology, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | | | - Entesar Ali Saber
- Department of Histology and cell Biology, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.,Department of Histology, Deraya University, New Minia, Egypt
| | - Edward B Jude
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Laiche Djouhri
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine (QU Health), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
GTS-21 Reduces Inflammation in Acute Lung Injury by Regulating M1 Polarization and Function of Alveolar Macrophages. Shock 2020; 51:389-400. [PMID: 29608552 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe outcome of sepsis. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) play key roles in defense, resolution in ALI. The polarization of AMs is dependent on micro environmental stimuli and might influence the progression of ALI. Gainesville Tokushima scientists (GTS)-21, a selective α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP), has recently been established to be promising in the treatment of ALI. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the GTS-21-mediated suppression of inflammatory responses has been explored only partially. In this study, we examined the relation between GTS-21 and AM polarization in ALI. METHODS The adoptive transfer of M1 (classically activated) and M2 (alternatively activated)-polarized AMs was performed to AM-depleted ALI mice, along with the administration of GTS-21 in a murine model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI and in isolated AMs that had been stimulated by LPS in vitro. RESULTS The adoptive transfer of M1-polarized AMs aggravated the inflammatory response in the lung in contrast to the adoptive transfer of M2-polarized AMs. GTS-21 protected the lung from the effect of LPS, preventing injury and decreasing the number of AMs, AM-related pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, high mobility group box 1 expression levels in AMs. In addition, GTS-21 significantly diminished the number of M1-polarized AM and increased the number of M2-polarized AM, by flow cytometry, RT-PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the Arg1 and iNOS activity assays. CONCLUSION The GTS-21 substantially ameliorates LPS-induced ALI. This protection is predominantly associated with the inhibition of pulmonary AM M1 polarization and alteration in AM function.
Collapse
|
22
|
Rao Muvva J, Parasa VR, Lerm M, Svensson M, Brighenti S. Polarization of Human Monocyte-Derived Cells With Vitamin D Promotes Control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3157. [PMID: 32038652 PMCID: PMC6987394 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Understanding macrophage behavior is key to decipher Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) pathogenesis. We studied the phenotype and ability of human monocyte-derived cells polarized with active vitamin D [1,25(OH)2D3] to control intracellular Mtb infection compared with polarization of conventional subsets, classical M1 or alternative M2. Methods: Human blood-derived monocytes were treated with active vitamin D or different cytokines to obtain 1,25(OH)2D3-polarized as well as M1- and M2-like cells or fully polarized M1 and M2 subsets. We used an in vitro macrophage Mtb infection model to assess both phenotype and functional markers i.e., inhibitory and scavenger receptors, costimulatory molecules, cytokines, chemokines, and effector molecules using flow cytometry and quantitative mRNA analysis. Intracellular uptake of bacilli and Mtb growth was monitored using flow cytometry and colony forming units. Results: Uninfected M1 subsets typically expressed higher levels of CCR7, TLR2, and CD86, while M2 subsets expressed higher CD163, CD200R, and CD206. Most of the investigated markers were up-regulated in all subsets after Mtb infection, generating a mixed M1/M2 phenotype, while the expression of CD206, HLADR, and CD80 was specifically up-regulated (P < 0.05) on 1,25(OH)2D3-polarized macrophages. Consistent with the pro-inflammatory features of M1 cells, Mtb uptake and intracellular Mtb growth was significantly (P < 0.01–0.001 and P < 0.05–0.01) lower in the M1 (19.3%) compared with the M2 (82.7%) subsets 4 h post-infection. However, infectivity rapidly and gradually increased in M1 cells at 24–72 h. 1,25(OH)2D3-polarized monocyte-derived cells was the most potent subset to inhibit Mtb growth at both 4 and 72 h (P < 0.05–0.01) post-Mtb infection. This ability was associated with high mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 but also anti-inflammatory IL-10, while expression of the immunosuppressive enzyme IDO (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) remained low in Mtb-infected 1,25(OH)2D3-polarized cells compared with the other subsets. Conclusions: Mtb infection promoted a mixed M1/M2 macrophage activation, and 1,25(OH)2D3-polarized monocyte-derived cells expressing LL-37 but not IDO, were most effective to control intracellular Mtb growth. Macrophage polarization in the presence of vitamin D may provide the capacity to mount an antimicrobial response against Mtb and simultaneously prevent expression of inhibitory molecules that could accelerate local immunosuppression in the microenvironment of infected tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jagadeeswara Rao Muvva
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), ANA Futura, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Maria Lerm
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mattias Svensson
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), ANA Futura, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna Brighenti
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), ANA Futura, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Liu Q, Ou Q, Chen H, Gao Y, Liu Y, Xu Y, Ruan Q, Zhang W, Shao L. Differential expression and predictive value of monocyte scavenger receptor CD163 in populations with different tuberculosis infection statuses. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:1006. [PMID: 31779590 PMCID: PMC6883570 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4525-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Monocytes are the predominant innate immune cells at the early stage of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) infection as the host defense against intracellular pathogens. Understanding the profile of different monocyte subpopulations and the dynamics of monocyte-related biomarkers may be useful for the diagnosis and prognosis of tuberculosis. Methods We enrolled 129 individuals comprising patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) (n = 39), tuberculous pleurisy (TBP) (n = 28), malignant pleural effusion (MPE) (n = 21), latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) (n = 20), and healthy controls (HC) (n = 21). Surface expression of CD14, CD16, and CD163 on monocytes was detected using flow cytometry. In addition, soluble CD163 (sCD163) was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Results Higher frequency of CD14+CD16+ (15.7% vs 7.8%, P < 0.0001) and CD14−CD16+ (5.3% vs 2.5%, P = 0.0011) monocytes and a decreased percentage of CD14+CD16− (51.0% vs 70.4%, P = 0.0110) cells was observed in PTB patients than in HCs. Moreover, PTB patients displayed a higher frequency of CD163+ cells in CD16+ monocytes than those in the HC group (40.4% vs 11.3%, P < 0.0001). The level of sCD163 was elevated in TBP patients and was higher in pleural effusion than in plasma (2116.0 ng/ml vs 1236.0 ng/ml, P < 0.0001). sCD163 levels in pleural effusion and plasma could be used to distinguish TBP from MPE patients (cut-off values: 1950.0 and 934.7 ng/ml, respectively; AUCs: 0.8418 and 0.8136, respectively). Importantly, plasma sCD163 levels in TBP patients decreased significantly after anti-TB treatment. Conclusions Higher expression of membrane and soluble CD163 in active tuberculosis patients might provide insights regarding the pathogenesis of tuberculosis, and sCD163 may be a novel biomarker to distinguish TBP from MPE and to predict disease severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Qinfang Ou
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Wuxi Infectious Diseases Hospital, Wuxi, 214005, China.
| | - Huaxin Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Wuxi Infectious Diseases Hospital, Wuxi, 214005, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yuzhen Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Qiaoling Ruan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Wenhong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Ministry of Education and Health, Shanghai Medical College, and Institutes of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Lingyun Shao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Khan A, Singh VK, Hunter RL, Jagannath C. Macrophage heterogeneity and plasticity in tuberculosis. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:275-282. [PMID: 30938876 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.mr0318-095rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are the primary host cells for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), during its intracellular survival in humans. The pathogen has a remarkable capacity to survive within the hostile environment of macrophages. However, primary infection does not result in active TB disease in most individuals. The majority of individuals remain latently infected, wherein the bacteria are held in check by the host immune response. Nevertheless, such individuals can develop active TB later upon the decline in their immune status. In contrast, in a small fraction of infected individuals, the host immune response fails to control the growth of M. tuberculosis bacilli, and granulomatous TB develops progressively. Elucidating the molecular and phenotypic events that govern the outcome of the infection within macrophages is fundamental to understanding the key features of these cells that could be equally critical in infection control. The molecular details of the M. tuberculosis-macrophage interaction continue to be discerned, and emerging evidence suggests that macrophage population that participate in infection is heterogeneous. While the local environment and developmental origin could influence the phenotypic heterogeneity and functional plasticity of macrophages, M. tuberculosis has also been demonstrated to modulate the polarization of macrophages. In this review, we draw on work investigating specialized macrophage populations and their interactions with M. tuberculosis with respect to pathogenesis and specific immune responses. Understanding the mechanisms that control the repertoire of macrophage phenotypes and behaviors during infection may provide prospects for novel TB control strategies through modulation of immunobiological functions of macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Khan
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Vipul Kumar Singh
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Robert L Hunter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Sciences Center-Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chinnaswamy Jagannath
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mould KJ, Jackson ND, Henson PM, Seibold M, Janssen WJ. Single cell RNA sequencing identifies unique inflammatory airspace macrophage subsets. JCI Insight 2019; 4:126556. [PMID: 30721157 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are well recognized for their dual roles in orchestrating inflammatory responses and regulating tissue repair. In almost all acutely inflamed tissues, 2 main subclasses of macrophages coexist. These include embryonically derived resident tissue macrophages and BM-derived recruited macrophages. While it is clear that macrophage subsets categorized in this fashion display distinct transcriptional and functional profiles, whether all cells within these categories and in the same inflammatory microenvironment share similar functions or whether further specialization exists has not been determined. To investigate inflammatory macrophage heterogeneity on a more granular level, we induced acute lung inflammation in mice and performed single cell RNA sequencing of macrophages isolated from the airspaces during health, peak inflammation, and resolution of inflammation. In doing so, we confirm that cell origin is the major determinant of alveolar macrophage (AM) programing, and, to our knowledge, we describe 2 previously uncharacterized, transcriptionally distinct subdivisions of AMs based on proliferative capacity and inflammatory programing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kara J Mould
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Peter M Henson
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Program for Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Max Seibold
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Center for Genes, Environment, and Health and.,Program for Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - William J Janssen
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA.,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abreu C, Shirk EN, Queen SE, Mankowski JL, Gama L, Clements JE. A Quantitative Approach to SIV Functional Latency in Brain Macrophages. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2019; 14:23-32. [PMID: 30167896 PMCID: PMC9070040 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-018-9803-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lentiviruses are retroviruses that primarily infect myeloid cells, leading to acute inflammatory infections in many tissues particularly, lung, joints and the central nervous system (CNS). Acute infection by lentiviruses is followed by persistent/latent infections that are not cleared by the host immune system. HIV and SIV are lentiviruses that also infect CD4+ lymphocytes as well as myeloid cells in blood and multiple tissues. HIV infection of myeloid cells in brain, lung and heart cause tissue specific diseases as well as infect cells in gut, lymph nodes and spleen. AIDS dementia and other tissue specific disease are observed when infected individuals are immunosuppressed and the number of circulating CD4+ T cells declines to low levels. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) controls viral spread and dramatically changes the course of immunodeficiency and AIDS dementia. However, ART does not eliminate virus-infected cells. Brain macrophages contain HIV DNA and may represent a latent reservoir that persists. HIV latency in CD4+ lymphocytes is the main focus of current research and concern in efforts to eradicate HIV. However, a number of studies have demonstrated that myeloid cells in blood and tissues of ART suppressed individuals harbor HIV DNA. The resident macrophages in tissues such as brain (microglia), spleen (red pulp macrophages) and alveolar macrophages in lung are derived from the yolk sac and can self renew. The question of the latent myeloid reservoir in HIV has not been rigorously examined and its potential as a barrier to eradication been considered. Using a well characterized SIV ART suppressed, non-human primate (NHP) model, our laboratory developed the first quantitative viral outgrowth assay (QVOA) designed to evaluate latently infected CD4+ lymphocytes and more recently developed a similar protocol for the assessment of latently infected myeloid cells in blood and brain. Using an SIV ART model, it was demonstrated that myeloid cells in blood and brain harbor latent SIV that can be reactivated and produce infectious virus in vitro. These studies demonstrate for the first time that myeloid cells have the potential to be a latent reservoir of HIV that produces infectious virus that can be reactivated in the absence of ART and during HIV eradication strategies. Graphical Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celina Abreu
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Erin N Shirk
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Suzanne E Queen
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Joseph L Mankowski
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Lucio Gama
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Janice E Clements
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kossenkov AV, Qureshi R, Dawany NB, Wickramasinghe J, Liu Q, Majumdar RS, Chang C, Widura S, Kumar T, Horng WH, Konnisto E, Criner G, Tsay JCJ, Pass H, Yendamuri S, Vachani A, Bauer T, Nam B, Rom WN, Showe MK, Showe LC. A Gene Expression Classifier from Whole Blood Distinguishes Benign from Malignant Lung Nodules Detected by Low-Dose CT. Cancer Res 2019; 79:263-273. [PMID: 30487137 PMCID: PMC6317999 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Low-dose CT (LDCT) is widely accepted as the preferred method for detecting pulmonary nodules. However, the determination of whether a nodule is benign or malignant involves either repeated scans or invasive procedures that sample the lung tissue. Noninvasive methods to assess these nodules are needed to reduce unnecessary invasive tests. In this study, we have developed a pulmonary nodule classifier (PNC) using RNA from whole blood collected in RNA-stabilizing PAXgene tubes that addresses this need. Samples were prospectively collected from high-risk and incidental subjects with a positive lung CT scan. A total of 821 samples from 5 clinical sites were analyzed. Malignant samples were predominantly stage 1 by pathologic diagnosis and 97% of the benign samples were confirmed by 4 years of follow-up. A panel of diagnostic biomarkers was selected from a subset of the samples assayed on Illumina microarrays that achieved a ROC-AUC of 0.847 on independent validation. The microarray data were then used to design a biomarker panel of 559 gene probes to be validated on the clinically tested NanoString nCounter platform. RNA from 583 patients was used to assess and refine the NanoString PNC (nPNC), which was then validated on 158 independent samples (ROC-AUC = 0.825). The nPNC outperformed three clinical algorithms in discriminating malignant from benign pulmonary nodules ranging from 6-20 mm using just 41 diagnostic biomarkers. Overall, this platform provides an accurate, noninvasive method for the diagnosis of pulmonary nodules in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings describe a minimally invasive and clinically practical pulmonary nodule classifier that has good diagnostic ability at distinguishing benign from malignant pulmonary nodules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Qin Liu
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Celia Chang
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sandy Widura
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Trisha Kumar
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Eric Konnisto
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, New York
| | | | | | - Harvey Pass
- NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Sai Yendamuri
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center Buffalo, New York
| | - Anil Vachani
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Brian Nam
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center, Newark, Delaware
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Upadhyay R, Sanchez-Hidalgo A, Wilusz CJ, Lenaerts AJ, Arab J, Yeh J, Stefanisko K, Tarasova NI, Gonzalez-Juarrero M. Host Directed Therapy for Chronic Tuberculosis via Intrapulmonary Delivery of Aerosolized Peptide Inhibitors Targeting the IL-10-STAT3 Pathway. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16610. [PMID: 30413750 PMCID: PMC6226451 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35023-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we demonstrate that aerosols of host directed therapies [HDT] administered during a chronic Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection have bactericidal effect. The pulmonary bacterial load of C57BL/6 mice chronically infected with Mtb was reduced by 1.7 and 0.6 log10CFU after two weeks of treatment via aerosol delivery with ST3-H2A2, [a selective peptide inhibitor of the STAT3 N-terminal domain] or IL10R1-7 [selective peptide inhibitor for the IL-10Ra] respectively and when compared to control mice treated with IL10R1-14 [peptide inhibitor used as negative control] or untreated mice infected with Mtb. Accordingly, when compared to control mice, the bactericidal capacity in mice was enhanced upon treatment with peptide inhibitors ST3-H2A2 and IL10R1-7 as evidenced by higher pulmonary activities of nitric oxide synthase, NADPH oxidase and lysozyme enzymes and decreased arginase enzyme activity. This therapy also modulated important checkpoints [Bcl2, Beclin-1, Atg 5, bax] in the apoptosis-autophagy pathways. Thus, even in the absence of antibiotics, targeting of the host pulmonary IL-10-STAT3 pathway can significantly reduce the Mtb bacilli load in the lungs, modulate the host own bactericidal capacity and apoptosis and autophagy pathways. Our approach here also allows targeting checkpoints of the lungs to determine their specific contribution in pulmonary immunity or pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Upadhyay
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Andrea Sanchez-Hidalgo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Carol J Wilusz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Anne J Lenaerts
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Jennifer Arab
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Joanna Yeh
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Karen Stefanisko
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Nadya I Tarasova
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Mercedes Gonzalez-Juarrero
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Refai A, Gritli S, Barbouche MR, Essafi M. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Virulent Factor ESAT-6 Drives Macrophage Differentiation Toward the Pro-inflammatory M1 Phenotype and Subsequently Switches It to the Anti-inflammatory M2 Phenotype. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:327. [PMID: 30283745 PMCID: PMC6157333 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis, a human infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The success of M.tb as a pathogen relies mainly on its ability to divert the host innate immune responses. One way by which M.tb maintains a persistent infection in a "silent" granuloma is to inhibit inflammation and induce an immunoregulatory phenotype in host macrophages (MΦs). However, M.tb effectors governing the switch of MΦs from the pro-inflammatory M1 to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype remain to be determined. The Early Secreted Antigenic Target 6 kDa or ESAT-6, has been implicated in the virulence and pathogenesis of tuberculosis. Here, we investigated roles of ESAT-6 in MΦ differentiation and polarization. We found that treatment of human monocytes with ESAT-6 did not interfere with differentiation of M1 MΦs. However, ESAT-6 promoted differentiation of M0 and M2 MΦs toward the M1 phenotype, as indicated by secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α, and induction of a typical M1 transcriptional signature. Interestingly, we found that ESAT-6 switched terminal full activation of M1 polarized MΦs to the M2 phenotype. Indeed, in the pro-inflammatory M1 MΦs, ESAT-6 was able to inhibit IL-12 and TNF-α secretion and stimulate that of IL-10. Moreover, gene expression profiling of these cells showed that ESAT-6 induced downregulation of M1 MΦ cell surface molecules CD80 and CD86, transcription factors IRF5 and c-MAF, cytokines IL-12, IL-10, and IL-6, as well as chemokines CXCL10 and CXCL1. Overall, our findings suggest ESAT-6 as being one of the effectors used by M.tb to induce the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype at the primo-infection; a prerequisite step to promote granuloma formation and subsequently drive the phenotype switch of MΦ polarization from M1 to M2 at a later stage of the infection. Our study improves current knowledge regarding mechanisms of virulence of M.tb and may be helpful to develop novel tools targeting ESAT-6 for a better and more efficient treatment of tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amira Refai
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sami Gritli
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mohamed-Ridha Barbouche
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Makram Essafi
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Cullis J, Das S, Bar-Sagi D. Kras and Tumor Immunity: Friend or Foe? Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2018; 8:cshperspect.a031849. [PMID: 29229670 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a031849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With the recent breakthroughs in immunotherapy as curative treatments in certain tumor types, there has been renewed interest in the relationship between immunity and tumor growth. Although we are gaining a greater understanding of the complex interplay of immune modulating components in the tumor microenvironment, the specific role that tumor cells play in shaping the immune milieu is still not well characterized. In this review, we focus on how mutant Kras tumor cells contribute to tumor immunity, with a specific focus on processes induced directly or indirectly by the oncogene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Cullis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
| | - Shipra Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
| | - Dafna Bar-Sagi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wu C, Zhao X, Babu V S, Yuan G, Wang W, Su J, Liu X, Lin L. Distribution of mannose receptor in blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) during the embryonic development and its immune response to the challenge of Aeromonas hydrophila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 78:52-59. [PMID: 29627477 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The mannose receptor (MR) is a type I transmembrane protein. Its ectodomain has eight C-type lectin-like domains, which are able to recognize and mediate the phagocytosis of a wide range of pathogens. Comprehensive studies have revealed that mammalian MR is widely distributed in the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS, previously known as the reticuloendothelial system) and play a key role both in the physiological clearance and cell activation. Hitherto, neither the MR distribution, nor the function of clearance and cell activation has been investigated in fish. In the previous study, we have reported the full-length cDNA of blunt snout bream MR, analyzed its structure and relative mRNA expression during embryogenesis and in the liver, head kidney, spleen and intestine of fish after stimulation with killed Aeromonas hydrophila. In the present study, we developed a rabbit polyclonal antibody against MR and undertook a systematic survey of the expression of MR at the protein level by immunohistochemistry. To get more information about MR function, the mRNA expression of MR, pro-inflammatory factor TNF-α and anti-inflammatory factor ARG2 genes was measured by qRT-PCR in the liver, head kidney, and spleen after A. hydrophila challenge. We first observed MR expression in the yolk sac at the fertilized egg stage and possibly MR was expressed by early macrophages. We also showed the MR distribution in head kidney, body kidney, spleen, liver, intestine, muscle, brain, heart, and gills. Following A. hydrophila challenge the MR immunoreactive cells became more widespread in head kidney and spleen, which are the major reticuloendothelial systems of fish. The quantitative studies at mRNA levels showed that there exists a high correlation between MR expression and immune cytokine expressions after bacteria challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changsong Wu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430070, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Xiaoheng Zhao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430070, China; Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang, 222000, China
| | - Sarath Babu V
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Gailing Yuan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Weimin Wang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Li Lin
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Protective immunity in tuberculosis (TB) is subject of debate in the TB research community, as this is key to fully understand TB pathogenesis and to develop new promising tools for TB diagnosis and prognosis as well as a more efficient TB vaccine. IFN-γ producing CD4+ T cells are key in TB control, but may not be sufficient to provide protection. Additional subsets have been identified that contribute to protection such as multifunctional and cytolytic T-cell subsets, including classical and nonclassical T cells as well as novel innate immune cell subsets resulting from trained immunity. However, to define protective immune responses against TB, the complexity of balancing TB immunity also has to be considered. In this review, insights into effector cell immunity and how this is modulated by regulatory cells, associated comorbidities and the host microbiome, is discussed. We systematically map how different suppressive immune cell subsets may affect effector cell responses at the local site of infection. We also dissect how common comorbidities such as HIV, helminths and diabetes may bias protective TB immunity towards pathogenic and regulatory responses. Finally, also the composition and diversity of the microbiome in the lung and gut could affect host TB immunity. Understanding these various aspects of the immunological balance in the human host is fundamental to prevent TB infection and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Brighenti
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simone A. Joosten
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chai Q, Zhang Y, Liu CH. Mycobacterium tuberculosis: An Adaptable Pathogen Associated With Multiple Human Diseases. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:158. [PMID: 29868514 PMCID: PMC5962710 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of tuberculosis (TB), is an extremely successful pathogen that adapts to survive within the host. During the latency phase of infection, M. tuberculosis employs a range of effector proteins to be cloud the host immune system and shapes its lifestyle to reside in granulomas, sophisticated, and organized structures of immune cells that are established by the host in response to persistent infection. While normally being restrained in immunocompetent hosts, M. tuberculosis within granulomas can cause the recrudescence of TB when host immunity is compromised. Aside from causing TB, accumulating evidence suggests that M. tuberculosis is also associated with multiple other human diseases, such as pulmonary complications, autoimmune diseases, and metabolic syndromes. Furthermore, it has been recently appreciated that M. tuberculosis infection can also reciprocally interact with the human microbiome, which has a strong link to immune balance and health. In this review, we highlight the adaptive survival of M. tuberculosis within the host and provide an overview for regulatory mechanisms underlying interactions between M. tuberculosis infection and multiple important human diseases. A better understanding of how M. tuberculosis regulates the host immune system to cause TB and reciprocally regulates other human diseases is critical for developing rational treatments to better control TB and help alleviate its associated comorbidities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiyao Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cui Hua Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Voss JJLP, Stermer AR, Ghaffari R, Tiwary R, Richburg JH. MEHP-induced rat testicular inflammation does not exacerbate germ cell apoptosis. Reproduction 2018; 156:35-46. [PMID: 29743262 DOI: 10.1530/rep-18-0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The testis is an organ that maintains an immune suppressive environment. We previously revealed that exposure of pre-pubertal rats to an acute dose of a well-described Sertoli cell toxicant, mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), leads to an accumulation of CD11b+ immune cells in the testicular interstitial space that closely correlates with a robust incidence of germ cell (GC) apoptosis. Here, we test the hypothesis that the infiltrating immune cells contribute to GC apoptosis. Postnatal day 28 Fischer rats that received an oral dose of 700 mg/kg MEHP showed a significant infiltration of both CD11bc+/CD68+/CD163- macrophages and neutrophils. The infiltration peaked at 12 h, but had reduced by 48 h. Testicular macrophages from MEHP-treated rats showed significantly upregulated expression of Tnfa and Il6, and the Arg1/Nos2 ratio was reduced compared to controls. However, small increases in anti-inflammatory genes Il10 and Tgfb1 were also observed. Depletion of circulating monocytes with clodronate liposomes prior to MEHP treatment reduced the macrophage influx into the testis, but did not lower GC apoptosis. Additionally, depletion of neutrophils using an anti-polymorphonuclear cell antibody prevented both macrophage and neutrophil infiltration into the testis, and also did not affect GC apoptosis. Together, these results show that exposure to MEHP leads to a rapid and temporary influx of pro-inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils in the interstitium of the testis. However, with this acute dosing paradigm, these infiltrating leukocytes do not appear to contribute to MEHP-induced testicular GC apoptosis leaving the functional significance of these infiltrating cells in the pathogenesis of MEHP-induced testicular injury unresolved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorine J L P Voss
- Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and ToxicologyDivision of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Angela R Stermer
- Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and ToxicologyDivision of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Rashin Ghaffari
- University of Texas at AustinInstitute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, The Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Richa Tiwary
- Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and ToxicologyDivision of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - John H Richburg
- Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and ToxicologyDivision of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Trivedi NH, Yu JJ, Hung CY, Doelger RP, Navara CS, Armitige LY, Seshu J, Sinai AP, Chambers JP, Guentzel MN, Arulanandam BP. Microbial co-infection alters macrophage polarization, phagosomal escape, and microbial killing. Innate Immun 2018; 24:152-162. [PMID: 29482417 PMCID: PMC6852389 DOI: 10.1177/1753425918760180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are important innate immune cells that respond to microbial insults.
In response to multi-bacterial infection, the macrophage activation state may
change upon exposure to nascent mediators, which results in different bacterial
killing mechanism(s). In this study, we utilized two respiratory bacterial
pathogens, Mycobacterium bovis (Bacillus Calmette
Guẻrin, BCG) and Francisella tularensis live
vaccine strain (LVS) with different phagocyte evasion mechanisms, as model
microbes to assess the influence of initial bacterial infection on the
macrophage response to secondary infection. Non-activated (M0) macrophages or
activated M2-polarized cells (J774 cells transfected with the mouse IL-4 gene)
were first infected with BCG for 24–48 h, subsequently challenged with LVS, and
the results of inhibition of LVS replication in the macrophages was assessed.
BCG infection in M0 macrophages activated TLR2-MyD88 and Mincle-CARD9 signaling
pathways, stimulating nitric oxide (NO) production and enhanced killing of LVS.
BCG infection had little effect on LVS escape from phagosomes into the cytosol
in M0 macrophages. In contrast, M2-polarized macrophages exhibited enhanced
endosomal acidification, as well as inhibiting LVS replication. Pre-infection
with BCG did not induce NO production and thus did not further reduce LVS
replication. This study provides a model for studies of the complexity of
macrophage activation in response to multi-bacterial infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita H Trivedi
- 1 Department of Biology, the South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, and the Center for Excellence in Infection Genomics, University of Texas at San Antonio, USA
| | - Jieh-Juen Yu
- 1 Department of Biology, the South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, and the Center for Excellence in Infection Genomics, University of Texas at San Antonio, USA
| | - Chiung-Yu Hung
- 1 Department of Biology, the South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, and the Center for Excellence in Infection Genomics, University of Texas at San Antonio, USA
| | - Richard P Doelger
- 1 Department of Biology, the South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, and the Center for Excellence in Infection Genomics, University of Texas at San Antonio, USA
| | - Christopher S Navara
- 1 Department of Biology, the South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, and the Center for Excellence in Infection Genomics, University of Texas at San Antonio, USA
| | | | - Janakiram Seshu
- 1 Department of Biology, the South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, and the Center for Excellence in Infection Genomics, University of Texas at San Antonio, USA
| | - Anthony P Sinai
- 3 The Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, USA
| | - James P Chambers
- 1 Department of Biology, the South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, and the Center for Excellence in Infection Genomics, University of Texas at San Antonio, USA
| | - M Neal Guentzel
- 1 Department of Biology, the South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, and the Center for Excellence in Infection Genomics, University of Texas at San Antonio, USA
| | - Bernard P Arulanandam
- 1 Department of Biology, the South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, and the Center for Excellence in Infection Genomics, University of Texas at San Antonio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hussain T, Zhao D, Shah SZA, Wang J, Yue R, Liao Y, Sabir N, Yang L, Zhou X. MicroRNA 27a-3p Regulates Antimicrobial Responses of Murine Macrophages Infected by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis by Targeting Interleukin-10 and TGF-β-Activated Protein Kinase 1 Binding Protein 2. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1915. [PMID: 29375563 PMCID: PMC5768609 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) persistently survive and replicate in mononuclear phagocytic cells by adopting various strategies to subvert host immune response. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) upregulation via inhibition of macrophage bactericidal activity is a critical step for MAP survival and pathogenesis within the host cell. Mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 signaling cascade plays a crucial role in the elevation of IL-10 and progression of MAP pathogenesis. The contribution of microRNAs (miRNAs) and their influence on the activation of macrophages during MAP pathogenesis are still unclear. In the current study, we found that miRNA-27a-3p (miR-27a) expression is downregulated during MAP infection both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, miR-27a is also downregulated in toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-stimulated murine macrophages (RAW264.7 and bone marrow-derived macrophage). ELISA and real-time qRT-PCR results confirm that overexpression of miR-27a inhibited MAP-induced IL-10 production in macrophages and upregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines, while miR-27a inhibitor counteracted these effects. Luciferase reporter assay results revealed that IL-10 and TGF-β-activated protein kinase 1 binding protein 2 (TAB 2) are potential targets of miR-27a. In addition, we demonstrated that miR-27a negatively regulates TAB 2 expression and diminishes TAB 2-dependent p38/JNK phosphorylation, ultimately downregulating IL-10 expression in MAP-infected macrophages. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-27a significantly inhibited the intracellular survival of MAP in infected macrophages. Our data show that miR-27a augments antimicrobial activities of macrophages and inhibits the expression of IL-10, demonstrating that miR-27a regulates protective innate immune responses during MAP infection and can be exploited as a novel therapeutic target in the control of intracellular pathogens, including paratuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Hussain
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Deming Zhao
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Syed Zahid Ali Shah
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruichao Yue
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liao
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Naveed Sabir
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Gama L, Abreu C, Shirk EN, Queen SE, Beck SE, Metcalf Pate KA, Bullock BT, Zink MC, Mankowski JL, Clements JE. SIV Latency in Macrophages in the CNS. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2018; 417:111-130. [PMID: 29770863 DOI: 10.1007/82_2018_89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lentiviruses infect myeloid cells, leading to acute infection followed by persistent/latent infections not cleared by the host immune system. HIV and SIV are lentiviruses that infect CD4+ lymphocytes in addition to myeloid cells in blood and tissues. HIV infection of myeloid cells in brain, lung, and heart causes tissue-specific diseases that are mostly observed during severe immunosuppression, when the number of circulating CD4+ T cells declines to exceeding low levels. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) controls viral replication but does not successfully eliminate latent virus, which leads to viral rebound once ART is interrupted. HIV latency in CD4+ lymphocytes is the main focus of research and concern when HIV eradication efforts are considered. However, myeloid cells in tissues are long-lived and have not been routinely examined as a potential reservoir. Based on a quantitative viral outgrowth assay (QVOA) designed to evaluate latently infected CD4+ lymphocytes, a similar protocol was developed for the assessment of latently infected myeloid cells in blood and tissues. Using an SIV ART model, it was demonstrated that myeloid cells in blood and brain harbor latent SIV that can be reactivated and produce infectious virus in vitro, demonstrating that myeloid cells have the potential to be an additional latent reservoir of HIV that should be considered during HIV eradication strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Gama
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Celina Abreu
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Erin N Shirk
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Suzanne E Queen
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Sarah E Beck
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Kelly A Metcalf Pate
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Brandon T Bullock
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - M Christine Zink
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Joseph L Mankowski
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Janice E Clements
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Macrophage polarization and function: new prospects for fibrotic disease. Immunol Cell Biol 2017; 95:864-869. [PMID: 29044201 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2017.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
39
|
Bowles AC, Wise RM, Gerstein BY, Thomas RC, Ogelman R, Febbo I, Bunnell BA. Immunomodulatory Effects of Adipose Stromal Vascular Fraction Cells Promote Alternative Activation Macrophages to Repair Tissue Damage. Stem Cells 2017; 35:2198-2207. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The pathogenesis of many diseases is driven by the interactions between helper T (TH) cells and macrophages. The phenotypes of these cells are functional dichotomies that are persuaded according to the surrounding milieu. In both multiple sclerosis and the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model, TH1 and TH17 cells propagate autoimmune signaling and inflammation in the peripheral lymphoid tissues. In turn, this proinflammatory repertoire promotes the classical activation, formerly the M1-type, macrophages. Together, these cells infiltrate into the central nervous system (CNS) tissues and generate inflammatory and demyelinating lesions. Our most recent report demonstrated the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of adipose stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells and adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) that led to functional, immunological, and pathological improvements in the EAE model. Here, a deeper investigation revealed the induction of regulatory T cells and alternative activation, or M2-type, macrophages in the periphery followed by the presence of alternative activation macrophages, reduced cellular infiltrates, and attenuation of neuroinflammation in CNS tissues following intraperitoneal administration of these treatments. Spleens from treated EAE mice revealed diminished TH1 and TH17 cell activities and were markedly higher in the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10. Interestingly, SVF cells were more effective than ASCs at mediating these beneficial changes, which were attributed to their localization to the spleens after administration. Together, SVF cells rapidly and robustly attenuated the propagation of autoimmune signaling in the periphery that provided a permissive milieu in the CNS for repair and possibly regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annie C. Bowles
- a Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- b Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Science and Engineering, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Rachel M. Wise
- a Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Brittany Y. Gerstein
- c Neuroscience Program, Tulane University School of Science and Engineering, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Robert C. Thomas
- c Neuroscience Program, Tulane University School of Science and Engineering, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Roberto Ogelman
- c Neuroscience Program, Tulane University School of Science and Engineering, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Isabella Febbo
- c Neuroscience Program, Tulane University School of Science and Engineering, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Bruce A. Bunnell
- a Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- d Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Mould KJ, Barthel L, Mohning MP, Thomas SM, McCubbrey AL, Danhorn T, Leach SM, Fingerlin TE, O'Connor BP, Reisz JA, D'Alessandro A, Bratton DL, Jakubzick CV, Janssen WJ. Cell Origin Dictates Programming of Resident versus Recruited Macrophages during Acute Lung Injury. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 57:294-306. [PMID: 28421818 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0061oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Two populations of alveolar macrophages (AMs) coexist in the inflamed lung: resident AMs that arise during embryogenesis, and recruited AMs that originate postnatally from circulating monocytes. The objective of this study was to determine whether origin or environment dictates the transcriptional, metabolic, and functional programming of these two ontologically distinct populations over the time course of acute inflammation. RNA sequencing demonstrated marked transcriptional differences between resident and recruited AMs affecting three main areas: proliferation, inflammatory signaling, and metabolism. Functional assays and metabolomic studies confirmed these differences and demonstrated that resident AMs proliferate locally and are governed by increased tricarboxylic acid cycle and amino acid metabolism. Conversely, recruited AMs produce inflammatory cytokines in association with increased glycolytic and arginine metabolism. Collectively, the data show that even though they coexist in the same environment, inflammatory macrophage subsets have distinct immunometabolic programs and perform specialized functions during inflammation that are associated with their cellular origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kara J Mould
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Lea Barthel
- 2 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Michael P Mohning
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, and.,2 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Stacey M Thomas
- 2 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Alexandra L McCubbrey
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, and.,2 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Thomas Danhorn
- 3 Center for Genes, Environment, and Health.,4 Department of Biomedical Research, and
| | - Sonia M Leach
- 3 Center for Genes, Environment, and Health.,4 Department of Biomedical Research, and
| | - Tasha E Fingerlin
- 3 Center for Genes, Environment, and Health.,4 Department of Biomedical Research, and
| | - Brian P O'Connor
- 3 Center for Genes, Environment, and Health.,4 Department of Biomedical Research, and.,5 Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and
| | - Julie A Reisz
- 6 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- 6 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Donna L Bratton
- 5 Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and
| | | | - William J Janssen
- 1 Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, and.,2 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Castro BA, Flanigan P, Jahangiri A, Hoffman D, Chen W, Kuang R, De Lay M, Yagnik G, Wagner JR, Mascharak S, Sidorov M, Shrivastav S, Kohanbash G, Okada H, Aghi MK. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor downregulation: a novel mechanism of resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy. Oncogene 2017; 36:3749-3759. [PMID: 28218903 PMCID: PMC5491354 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Anti-angiogenic therapies for cancer such as VEGF neutralizing antibody bevacizumab have limited durability. While mechanisms of resistance remain undefined, it is likely that acquired resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy will involve alterations of the tumor microenvironment. We confirmed increased tumor-associated macrophages in bevacizumab-resistant glioblastoma patient specimens and two novel glioblastoma xenograft models of bevacizumab resistance. Microarray analysis suggested downregulated macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) to be the most pertinent mediator of increased macrophages. Bevacizumab-resistant patient glioblastomas and both novel xenograft models of resistance had less MIF than bevacizumab-naive tumors, and harbored more M2/protumoral macrophages that specifically localized to the tumor edge. Xenografts expressing MIF-shRNA grew more rapidly with greater angiogenesis and had macrophages localizing to the tumor edge which were more prevalent and proliferative, and displayed M2 polarization, whereas bevacizumab-resistant xenografts transduced to upregulate MIF exhibited the opposite changes. Bone marrow-derived macrophage were polarized to an M2 phenotype in the presence of condition-media derived from bevacizumab-resistant xenograft-derived cells, while recombinant MIF drove M1 polarization. Media from macrophages exposed to bevacizumab-resistant tumor cell conditioned media increased glioma cell proliferation compared with media from macrophages exposed to bevacizumab-responsive tumor cell media, suggesting that macrophage polarization in bevacizumab-resistant xenografts is the source of their aggressive biology and results from a secreted factor. Two mechanisms of bevacizumab-induced MIF reduction were identified: (1) bevacizumab bound MIF and blocked MIF-induced M1 polarization of macrophages; and (2) VEGF increased glioma MIF production in a VEGFR2-dependent manner, suggesting that bevacizumab-induced VEGF depletion would downregulate MIF. Site-directed biopsies revealed enriched MIF and VEGF at the enhancing edge in bevacizumab-naive patients. This MIF enrichment was lost in bevacizumab-resistant glioblastomas, driving a tumor edge M1-to-M2 transition. Thus, bevacizumab resistance is driven by reduced MIF at the tumor edge causing proliferative expansion of M2 macrophages, which in turn promotes tumor growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B A Castro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | - P Flanigan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | - A Jahangiri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | - D Hoffman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | - W Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | - R Kuang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | - M De Lay
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | - G Yagnik
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | - J R Wagner
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | - S Mascharak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | - M Sidorov
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | - S Shrivastav
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | - G Kohanbash
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | - H Okada
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| | - M K Aghi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Piñeros AR, Campos LW, Fonseca DM, Bertolini TB, Gembre AF, Prado RQ, Alves-Filho JC, Ramos SG, Russo M, Bonato VLD. M2 macrophages or IL-33 treatment attenuate ongoing Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41240. [PMID: 28128217 PMCID: PMC5269597 DOI: 10.1038/srep41240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The protective effects of mycobacterial infections on lung allergy are well documented. However, the inverse relationship between tuberculosis and type 2 immunity is still elusive. Although type 1 immunity is essential to protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis it might be also detrimental to the host due to the induction of extensive tissue damage. Here, we determined whether lung type 2 immunity induced by allergen sensitization and challenge could affect the outcome of M. tuberculosis infection. We used two different protocols in which sensitization and allergen challenge were performed before or after M. tuberculosis infection. We found an increased resistance to M. tuberculosis only when allergen exposure was given after, but not before infection. Infected mice exposed to allergen exhibited lower bacterial load and cellular infiltrates in the lungs. Enhanced resistance to infection after allergen challenge was associated with increased gene expression of alternatively activated macrophages (M2 macrophages) and IL-33 levels. Accordingly, either adoptive transfer of M2 macrophages or systemic IL-33 treatment was effective in attenuating M. tuberculosis infection. Notably, the enhanced resistance induced by allergen exposure was dependent on IL-33 receptor ST2. Our work indicates that IL-33 might be an alternative therapeutic treatment for severe tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A R Piñeros
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L W Campos
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D M Fonseca
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T B Bertolini
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A F Gembre
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R Q Prado
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J C Alves-Filho
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S G Ramos
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Russo
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V L D Bonato
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Chen J, Son HN, Hill JJ, Srinivasan S, Su FY, Stayton PS, Convertine AJ, Ratner DM. Nanostructured glycopolymer augmented liposomes to elucidate carbohydrate-mediated targeting. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:2031-2041. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
44
|
Zhao J, Yu H, Liu Y, Gibson SA, Yan Z, Xu X, Gaggar A, Li PK, Li C, Wei S, Benveniste EN, Qin H. Protective effect of suppressing STAT3 activity in LPS-induced acute lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L868-L880. [PMID: 27638904 PMCID: PMC5130536 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00281.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are diseases with high mortality. Macrophages and neutrophils are responsible for inflammatory responses in ALI and ARDS, which are characterized by excessive production of proinflammatory mediators in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and plasma. Aberrant activation of the JAK/STAT pathway is critical for persistent inflammation in many conditions such as infection and autoimmunity. Given the importance of the STAT3 transcription factor in activating macrophages and neutrophils and augmenting inflammation, we investigated the therapeutic potential of inhibiting STAT3 activity using the small-molecule STAT3 inhibitor, LLL12. Our results demonstrate that LPS induces STAT3 activation in macrophages in vitro and in CD45+CD11b+ cells from BALF in the LPS-induced ALI model in vivo. LLL12 treatment inhibits LPS-induced lung inflammation in the ALI model, which is accompanied by suppression of LPS-induced STAT3 activation and an inhibition of macrophage and inflammatory cell infiltration in lung and BALF. LLL12 treatment also suppresses expression of proinflammatory genes including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, CCL2, and MHC class II in macrophages and inflammatory cells from BALF and serum as determined by ELISA. Furthermore, hyperactivation of STAT3 in LysMCre-SOCS3fl/fl mice accelerates the severity of inflammation in the ALI model. Both pre- and post-LPS treatment with LLL12 decrease LPS-induced inflammatory responses in mice with ALI. Importantly, LLL12 treatment attenuates STAT3 phosphorylation in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells induced by plasma from patients with ARDS, which suggests the feasibility of targeting the STAT3 pathway therapeutically for patients with ALI and ARDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiping Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Yudong Liu
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sara A Gibson
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Zhaoqi Yan
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Birmingham VA Medical Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Amit Gaggar
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Birmingham VA Medical Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Pui-Kai Li
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Chenglong Li
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Shi Wei
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Etty N Benveniste
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Hongwei Qin
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama;
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wojtan P, Mierzejewski M, Osińska I, Domagała-Kulawik J. Macrophage polarization in interstitial lung diseases. Cent Eur J Immunol 2016; 41:159-64. [PMID: 27536201 PMCID: PMC4967650 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2016.60990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALf) examination in differential diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases (ILD) was established. Currently, functional polarization into M1 (pro-inflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory) subpopulations is emphasized. The aim of our study was to compare the proportion of M1 and M2 in BALf of patients with different ILD. BALf samples were collected from 75 ILD patients: sarcoidosis (SA, 36), hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP, 10), non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP, 8), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF, 6) and other ILD (15). Phenotyping was performed by immunocytochemistry with anti-CD40 and CD163 antibodies (for M1 and M2, respectively). For both, CD40 and CD163, three populations of cells have been specified: small cells with strong (+++), large cells with weak (+) and cells with no (-) reaction. Due to lack of statistically significant differences between patients with HP, NSIP and IPF, they were classified into a common group and compared to the group of patients with sarcoidosis. The median proportion of macrophage population was as follows: for CD40: 61%, 35%, 2% in patients with SA and 49%, 47%, 3% in patients with other ILD and for CD163: 55%, 35%, 5% in SA and 53%, 43%, 1% in ILD patients, respectively. We found a significantly higher proportion of M1 in SA when compared with other ILD. Our study showed no evidence of defined polarization of alveolar macrophages in different types of interstitial lung diseases. However, we emphasized the role of CD40 positive cells in sarcoidosis and the role of CD163 positive cells in fibrotic diffuse lung diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Wojtan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumonology and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Mierzejewski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumonology and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Osińska
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Domagała-Kulawik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumonology and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Chen S, Kammerl IE, Vosyka O, Baumann T, Yu Y, Wu Y, Irmler M, Overkleeft HS, Beckers J, Eickelberg O, Meiners S, Stoeger T. Immunoproteasome dysfunction augments alternative polarization of alveolar macrophages. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:1026-37. [PMID: 26990663 PMCID: PMC4987736 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteasome is a central regulatory hub for intracellular signaling by degrading numerous signaling mediators. Immunoproteasomes are specialized types of proteasomes involved in shaping adaptive immune responses, but their role in innate immune signaling is still elusive. Here, we analyzed immunoproteasome function for polarization of alveolar macrophages, highly specialized tissue macrophages of the alveolar lung surface. Classical activation (M1 polarization) of primary alveolar macrophages by LPS/IFNγ transcriptionally induced all three immunoproteasome subunits, low molecular mass protein 2 (LMP2), LMP7 and multicatalytic endopeptidase complex-like 1, which was accompanied by increased immunoproteasome activity in M1 cells. Deficiency of LMP7 had no effect on the LPS/IFNγ-triggered M1 profile indicating that immunoproteasome function is dispensable for classical alveolar macrophage activation. In contrast, IL-4 triggered alternative (M2) activation of primary alveolar macrophages was accompanied by a transcriptionally independent amplified expression of LMP2 and LMP7 and an increase in immunoproteasome activity. Alveolar macrophages from LMP7 knockout mice disclosed a distorted M2 profile upon IL-4 stimulation as characterized by increased M2 marker gene expression and CCL17 cytokine release. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed enrichment of IL-4-responsive genes and of genes involved in cellular response to defense, wounding and inflammation in LMP7-deficient alveolar macrophages indicating a distinct M2 inflammation resolving phenotype. Moreover, augmented M2 polarization was accompanied by amplified AKT/STAT6 activation and increased RNA and protein expression of the M2 master transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 4 in LMP7(-/-) alveolar macrophages. IL-13 stimulation of LMP7-deficient macrophages induced a similar M2-skewed profile indicative for augmented signaling via the IL-4 receptor α (IL4Rα). IL4Rα expression was generally elevated only on protein but not RNA level in LMP7(-/-) alveolar macrophages. Importantly, specific catalytic inhibition with an LMP7-specific proteasome inhibitor confirmed augmented IL-4-mediated M2 polarization of alveolar macrophages. Our results thus suggest a novel role of immunoproteasome function for regulating alternative activation of macrophages by limiting IL4Rα expression and signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Chen
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Preclinical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - I E Kammerl
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - O Vosyka
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - T Baumann
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Y Yu
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Y Wu
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - M Irmler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - H S Overkleeft
- Department of Bio-Organic Synthesis, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Beckers
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Experimental Genetics, Freising, Germany
| | - O Eickelberg
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - S Meiners
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - T Stoeger
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Hussain Bhat K, Mukhopadhyay S. Macrophage takeover and the host-bacilli interplay during tuberculosis. Future Microbiol 2016; 10:853-72. [PMID: 26000654 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.15.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are key type of antigen-presenting cells that arbitrate the first line of defense against various intracellular pathogens. Tuberculosis, both pulmonary and extrapulmonary, is an infectious disease of global concern caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacillus is a highly successful pathogen and has acquired various strategies to downregulate critical innate-effector immune responses of macrophages, such as phagosome-lysosome fusion, autophagy, induction of cytokines, generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and antigen presentation. In addition, the bacilli also subvert acquired immunity. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of different antimycobacterial immune functions of macrophage and the strategies adopted by the bacilli to manipulate these functions to favor its survival and replication inside the host.
Collapse
|
48
|
Immune Homeostatic Macrophages Programmed by the Bacterial Surface Protein NhhA Potentiate Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Neisseria meningitidis. mBio 2016; 7:e01670-15. [PMID: 26884432 PMCID: PMC4752598 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01670-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis colonizes the nasopharyngeal mucosa of healthy populations asymptomatically, although the bacterial surface is rich in motifs that activate the host innate immunity. What determines the tolerant host response to this bacterium in asymptomatic carriers is poorly understood. We demonstrated that the conserved meningococcal surface protein NhhA orchestrates monocyte (Mo) differentiation specifically into macrophage-like cells with a CD200Rhi phenotype (NhhA-Mφ). In response to meningococcal stimulation, NhhA-Mφ failed to produce proinflammatory mediators. Instead, they upregulated interleukin-10 (IL-10) and Th2/regulatory T cell (Treg)-attracting chemokines, such as CCL17, CCL18, and CCL22. Moreover, NhhA-Mφ were highly efficient in eliminating bacteria. The in vivo validity of these findings was corroborated using a murine model challenged with N. meningitidis systematically or intranasally. The NhhA-modulated immune response protected mice from septic shock; Mo/Mφ depletion abolished this protective effect. Intranasal administration of NhhA induced an anti-inflammatory response, which was associated with N. meningitidis persistence at the nasopharynx. In vitro studies demonstrated that NhhA-triggered Mo differentiation occurred upon engaged Toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1)/TLR2 signaling and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) activation and required endogenously produced IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Our findings reveal a strategy that might be adopted by N. meningitidis to maintain asymptomatic nasopharyngeal colonization. Neisseria meningitidis is an opportunistic human-specific pathogen that colonizes the nasopharyngeal mucosa asymptomatically in approximately 10% of individuals. Very little is known about how this bacterium evades immune activation during the carriage stage. Here, we observed that N. meningitidis, via the conserved surface protein NhhA, skewed monocyte differentiation into macrophages with a CD200Rhi phenotype. Both in vivo and in vitro data demonstrated that these macrophages, upon meningococcal infection, played an important role in forming a homeostatic immune microenvironment through their capacity to eliminate invading bacteria and to generate anti-inflammatory mediators. This work provides novel insight into the mechanisms underlying the commensal persistence of N. meningitidis.
Collapse
|
49
|
Lee KC, Lin HC, Huang YH, Hung SC. Allo-transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells attenuates hepatic injury through IL1Ra dependent macrophage switch in a mouse model of liver disease. J Hepatol 2015; 63:1405-12. [PMID: 26276675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Autologous transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) reduces concanavalin A (Con A)-induced hepatic injury in mice. However, the mechanism is unclear and the therapeutic effect of allo-transplantation remains unknown. Our aim was to investigate the effects and mechanisms related to allo-transplantation of MSCs when used to treat Con A hepatic injury. METHODS After Con A-induced liver injury was created in C57BL/6J mice, MSCs derived from BALB/c mice or a vehicle control was administered. RESULTS Allo-transplantation of MSCs derived from BALB/c mice attenuated hepatic apoptosis in C57BL/6J mice that had undergone Con A-induced liver injury. MSCs increased the level of serum interleukin (IL)-10 and the phosphorylation of hepatic STAT3, but decreased the level of hepatic IFN-γ and phospho-STAT1. Notably, the administered MSCs were trapped mostly in the lungs and promoted the macrophage M2 switch, which contributed to the increased IL10 levels in the lungs and serum. Loss of the therapeutic effect was observed after knock-down of the expression of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL1Ra) in the MSCs. In vitro investigation supported the hypothesis that MSCs are able to switch Con A-stimulated macrophages to the M2 phenotype, which results in an increase in IL10 production. CONCLUSIONS Allo-transplantation of MSCs reduces Con A liver injury by increasing IL10 production through an IL1Ra dependent macrophage switch.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuei-Chuan Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chieh Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiang Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Infection and Immunity Research Center, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Chieh Hung
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Integrative Stem Cell Center, Chinese Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hu Z, Pei G, Wang P, Yang J, Zhu F, Guo Y, Wang M, Yao Y, Zeng R, Liao W, Xu G. Biliverdin Reductase A (BVRA) Mediates Macrophage Expression of Interleukin-10 in Injured Kidney. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:22621-35. [PMID: 26393580 PMCID: PMC4613327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160922621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biliverdin reductase A is an enzyme, with serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activation, converting biliverdin (BV) to bilirubin (BR) in heme degradation pathway. It has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect in monocytes and human glioblastoma. However, the function of BVRA in polarized macrophage was unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effect of BVRA on macrophage activation and polarization in injured renal microenvironment. Classically activated macrophages (M1macrophages) and alternative activation of macrophages (M2 macrophages) polarization of murine bone marrow derived macrophage was induced by GM-CSF and M-CSF. M1 polarization was associated with a significant down-regulation of BVRA and Interleukin-10 (IL-10), and increased secretion of TNF-α. We also found IL-10 expression was increased in BVRA over-expressed macrophages, while it decreased in BVRA knockdown macrophages. In contrast, BVRA over-expressed or knockdown macrophages had no effect on TNF-α expression level, indicating BVRA mediated IL-10 expression in macrophages. Furthermore, we observed in macrophages infected with recombinant adenoviruses BVRA gene, which BVRA over-expressed enhanced both INOS and ARG-1 mRNA expression, resulting in a specific macrophage phenotype. Through in vivo study, we found BVRA positive macrophages largely existed in mice renal ischemia perfusion injury. With the treatment of the regular cytokines GM-CSF, M-CSF or LPS, excreted in the injured renal microenvironment, IL-10 secretion was significantly increased in BVRA over-expressed macrophages. In conclusion, the BVRA positive macrophage is a source of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in injured kidney, which may provide a potential target for treatment of kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhi Hu
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Guangchang Pei
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Pengge Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Juan Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Fengmin Zhu
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Yujiao Guo
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Meng Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Ying Yao
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Rui Zeng
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Wenhui Liao
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Gang Xu
- Division of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|