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Soldevila-Domenech N, Fagundo B, Cuenca-Royo A, Forcano L, Gomis-González M, Boronat A, Pastor A, Castañer O, Zomeño MD, Goday A, Dierssen M, Baghizadeh Hosseini K, Ros E, Corella D, Martínez-González MÁ, Salas-Salvadó J, Fernández-Aranda F, Fitó M, de la Torre R. Relationship between sex, APOE genotype, endocannabinoids and cognitive change in older adults with metabolic syndrome during a 3-year Mediterranean diet intervention. Nutr J 2024; 23:61. [PMID: 38862960 PMCID: PMC11167771 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00966-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has demonstrated efficacy in preventing age-related cognitive decline and modulating plasma concentrations of endocannabinoids (eCBs) and N-acylethanolamines (NAEs, or eCB-like compounds), which are lipid mediators involved in multiple neurological disorders and metabolic processes. Hypothesizing that eCBs and NAEs will be biomarkers of a MedDiet intervention and will be related to the cognitive response, we investigated this relationship according to sex and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, which may affect eCBs and cognitive performance. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study of 102 participants (53.9% women, 18.8% APOE-ɛ4 carriers, aged 65.6 ± 4.5 years) from the PREDIMED-Plus-Cognition substudy, who were recruited at the Hospital del Mar Research Institute (Barcelona). All of them presented metabolic syndrome plus overweight/obesity (inclusion criteria of the PREDIMED-Plus) and normal cognitive performance at baseline (inclusion criteria of this substudy). A comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests was administered at baseline and after 1 and 3 years. Plasma concentrations of eCBs and NAEs, including 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), anandamide (AEA), oleoylethanolamide (OEA), palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), and N-docosahexaenoylethanolamine (DHEA), were also monitored. Baseline cognition, cognitive changes, and the association between eCBs/NAEs and cognition were evaluated according to gender (crude models), sex (adjusted models), and APOE genotype. RESULTS At baseline, men had better executive function and global cognition than women (the effect size of gender differences was - 0.49, p = 0.015; and - 0.42, p = 0.036); however, these differences became nonsignificant in models of sex differences. After 3 years of MedDiet intervention, participants exhibited modest improvements in memory and global cognition. However, greater memory changes were observed in men than in women (Cohen's d of 0.40 vs. 0.25; p = 0.017). In men and APOE-ε4 carriers, 2-AG concentrations were inversely associated with baseline cognition and cognitive changes, while in women, cognitive changes were positively linked to changes in DHEA and the DHEA/AEA ratio. In men, changes in the OEA/AEA and OEA/PEA ratios were positively associated with cognitive changes. CONCLUSIONS The MedDiet improved participants' cognitive performance but the effect size was small and negatively influenced by female sex. Changes in 2-AG, DHEA, the OEA/AEA, the OEA/PEA and the DHEA/AEA ratios were associated with cognitive changes in a sex- and APOE-dependent fashion. These results support the modulation of the endocannabinoid system as a potential therapeutic approach to prevent cognitive decline in at-risk populations. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN89898870.
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Grants
- FI_B2021/00104 Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca
- PROMETEO/2017/017; Grant FEA/SEA 2017 for Primary Care Research Generalitat Valenciana
- PI13/00233, PI13/00728, PI13/01123, PI13/00462, PI16/00533, PI16/00366, PI16/01094, PI16/00501, PI17/01167, PI19/00017, PI19/00781, PI19/01032, PI19/00576 Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- PI13/00233, PI13/00728, PI13/01123, PI13/00462, PI16/00533, PI16/00366, PI16/01094, PI16/00501, PI17/01167, PI19/00017, PI19/00781, PI19/01032, PI19/00576 Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- PI13/00233, PI13/00728, PI13/01123, PI13/00462, PI16/00533, PI16/00366, PI16/01094, PI16/00501, PI17/01167, PI19/00017, PI19/00781, PI19/01032, PI19/00576 Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Advanced Research Grant 2014-2019; agreement #340918 HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council
- SLT006/17/00246, SLT002/16/00045 and SLT006/17/00077 Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya
- SLT006/17/00246, SLT002/16/00045 and SLT006/17/00077 Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya
- SLT006/17/00246, SLT002/16/00045 and SLT006/17/00077 Departament de Salut, Generalitat de Catalunya
- 2013ACUP00194 'la Caixa' Foundation
- Eat2beNICE/ H2020-SFS-2016-2; Ref 728018; and PRIME/ H2020-SC1-BHC-2018-2020; Ref: 847879 H2020 European Institute of Innovation and Technology
- Eat2beNICE/ H2020-SFS-2016-2; Ref 728018; and PRIME/ H2020-SC1-BHC-2018-2020; Ref: 847879 H2020 European Institute of Innovation and Technology
- Eat2beNICE/ H2020-SFS-2016-2; Ref 728018; and PRIME/ H2020-SC1-BHC-2018-2020; Ref: 847879 H2020 European Institute of Innovation and Technology
- Eat2beNICE/ H2020-SFS-2016-2; Ref 728018; and PRIME/ H2020-SC1-BHC-2018-2020; Ref: 847879 H2020 European Institute of Innovation and Technology
- 2017 SGR 138 Generalitat de Catalunya
- ‘la Caixa’ Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Soldevila-Domenech
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (HMRI), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Beatriz Fagundo
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (HMRI), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- Department of Physiotherapy, Fundació Universitària del Bages (FUB), Manresa, 08042, Spain
| | - Aida Cuenca-Royo
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (HMRI), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Laura Forcano
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (HMRI), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Maria Gomis-González
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (HMRI), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Anna Boronat
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (HMRI), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Antoni Pastor
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (HMRI), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Olga Castañer
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (HMRI), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- Endocrinology Service, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (HMRI), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Maria Dolores Zomeño
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (HMRI), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- School of Health Sciences, Blanquerna-Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, 08022, Spain
| | - Albert Goday
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (HMRI), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- Endocrinology Service, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (HMRI), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Khashayar Baghizadeh Hosseini
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- Cardiovascular risk, Nutrition and Aging, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, 46010, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Navarra's Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Reus, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Clinical Psychology Unit, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08908, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08908, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (HMRI), Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08003, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.
- Neurosciences Research Program, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (HMRI), Dr Aiguader 88, Barcelona, 08003, Spain.
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2
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Baenas I, Solé-Morata N, Granero R, Fernández-Aranda F, Pujadas M, Mora-Maltas B, Lucas I, Gómez-Peña M, Moragas L, del Pino-Gutiérrez A, Tapia J, de la Torre R, Potenza MN, Jiménez-Murcia S. Anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol baseline plasma concentrations and their clinical correlate in gambling disorder. Eur Psychiatry 2023; 66:e97. [PMID: 37937379 PMCID: PMC10755577 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.2460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Different components of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system such as their most well-known endogenous ligands, anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), have been implicated in brain reward pathways. While shared neurobiological substrates have been described among addiction-related disorders, information regarding the role of this system in behavioral addictions such as gambling disorder (GD) is scarce. AIMS Fasting plasma concentrations of AEA and 2-AG were analyzed in individuals with GD at baseline, compared with healthy control subjects (HC). Through structural equation modeling, we evaluated associations between endocannabinoids and GD severity, exploring the potentially mediating role of clinical and neuropsychological variables. METHODS The sample included 166 adult outpatients with GD (95.8% male, mean age 39 years old) and 41 HC. Peripheral blood samples were collected after overnight fasting to assess AEA and 2-AG concentrations (ng/ml). Clinical (i.e., general psychopathology, emotion regulation, impulsivity, personality) and neuropsychological variables were evaluated through a semi-structured clinical interview and psychometric assessments. RESULTS Plasma AEA concentrations were higher in patients with GD compared with HC (p = .002), without differences in 2-AG. AEA and 2-AG concentrations were related to GD severity, with novelty-seeking mediating relationships. CONCLUSIONS This study points to differences in fasting plasma concentrations of endocannabinoids between individuals with GD and HC. In the clinical group, the pathway defined by the association between the concentrations of endocannabinoids and novelty-seeking predicted GD severity. Although exploratory, these results could contribute to the identification of potential endophenotypic features that help optimize personalized approaches to prevent and treat GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Baenas
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Doctoral Program in Medicine and Translational Research, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Solé-Morata
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mitona Pujadas
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernat Mora-Maltas
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Doctoral Program in Medicine and Translational Research, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Lucas
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Gómez-Peña
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Moragas
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amparo del Pino-Gutiérrez
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Perinatal Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Tapia
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Doctoral Program in Medicine and Translational Research, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona Spain
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Miranda-Olivos R, Baenas I, Steward T, Granero R, Pastor A, Sánchez I, Juaneda-Seguí A, Del Pino-Gutiérrez A, Fernández-Formoso JA, Vilarrasa N, Guerrero-Pérez F, Virgili N, López-Urdiales R, Jiménez-Murcia S, de la Torre R, Soriano-Mas C, Fernández-Aranda F. Exploring the influence of circulating endocannabinoids and nucleus accumbens functional connectivity on anorexia nervosa severity. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4793-4800. [PMID: 37759041 PMCID: PMC10914605 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02253-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric disorder characterized by a harmful persistence of self-imposed starvation resulting in significant weight loss. Research suggests that alterations in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) and circulating endocannabinoids (eCBs), such as anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), may contribute to increased severity and maladaptive behaviors in AN, warranting an examination of the interplay between central reward circuitry and eCBs. For this purpose, we assessed NAcc functional connectivity and circulating AEA and 2-AG concentrations in 18 individuals with AN and 18 healthy controls (HC) to test associations between circulating eCBs, NAcc functional connectivity, and AN severity, as defined by body mass index (BMI). Decreased connectivity was observed between the NAcc and the right insula (NAcc-insula; pFWE < 0.001) and the left supplementary motor area (NAcc-SMA; pFWE < 0.001) in the AN group compared to HC. Reduced NAcc-insula functional connectivity mediated the association between AEA concentrations and BMI in the AN group. However, in HC, NAcc-SMA functional connectivity had a mediating role between AEA concentrations and BMI. Although no significant differences in eCBs concentrations were observed between the groups, our findings provide insights into how the interaction between eCBs and NAcc functional connectivity influences AN severity. Altered NAcc-insula and NAcc-SMA connectivity in AN may impair the integration of interoceptive, somatosensory, and motor planning information related to reward stimuli. Furthermore, the distinct associations between eCBs concentrations and NAcc functional connectivity in AN and HC could have clinical implications for weight maintenance, with eCBs being a potential target for AN treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Miranda-Olivos
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Research Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, Barcelona, Spain
- Doctoral Program in Medicine and Translational Research, University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Baenas
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Research Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, Barcelona, Spain
- Doctoral Program in Medicine and Translational Research, University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Trevor Steward
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Roser Granero
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Research Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Pastor
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience research group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Sánchez
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Research Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Asier Juaneda-Seguí
- Doctoral Program in Medicine and Translational Research, University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amparo Del Pino-Gutiérrez
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Research Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Perinatal Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José A Fernández-Formoso
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Vilarrasa
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERDEM-CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Guerrero-Pérez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Virgili
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael López-Urdiales
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Research Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience research group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (CEXS-UPF), 08002, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Ciber de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, C/Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Barcelona, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Bellvitge University Hospital, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Research Group, Neurosciences Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.
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4
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Tovar R, de Ceglia M, Ubaldi M, Rodríguez-Pozo M, Soverchia L, Cifani C, Rojo G, Gavito A, Hernandez-Folgado L, Jagerovic N, Ciccocioppo R, Baixeras E, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Decara J. Administration of Linoleoylethanolamide Reduced Weight Gain, Dyslipidemia, and Inflammation Associated with High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:4448. [PMID: 37892524 PMCID: PMC10609991 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acylethanolamides (NAEs) are bioactive lipids derived from diet fatty acids that modulate important homeostatic functions, including appetite, fatty acid synthesis, mitochondrial respiration, inflammation, and nociception. Among the naturally circulating NAEs, the pharmacology of those derived from either arachidonic acid (Anandamide), oleic acid (OEA), and palmitic acid (PEA) have been extensively characterized in diet-induced obesity. For the present work, we extended those studies to linoleoylethanolamide (LEA), one of the most abundant NAEs found not only in plasma and body tissues but also in foods such as cereals. In our initial study, circulating concentrations of LEA were found to be elevated in overweight humans (body mass index (BMI, Kg/m2) > 25) recruited from a representative population from the south of Spain, together with AEA and the endocannabinoid 2-Arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG). In this population, LEA concentrations correlated with the circulating levels of cholesterol and triglycerides. In order to gain insight into the pharmacology of LEA, we administered it for 14 days (10 mg/kg i.p. daily) to obese male Sprague Dawley rats receiving a cafeteria diet or a standard chow diet for 12 consecutive weeks. LEA treatment resulted in weight loss and a reduction in circulating triglycerides, cholesterol, and inflammatory markers such as Il-6 and Tnf-alpha. In addition, LEA reduced plasma transaminases and enhanced acetyl-CoA-oxidase (Acox) and Uncoupling protein-2 (Ucp2) expression in the liver of the HFD-fed animals. Although the liver steatosis induced by the HFD was not reversed by LEA, the overall data suggest that LEA contributes to the homeostatic signals set in place in response to diet-induced obesity, potentially contributing with OEA to improve lipid metabolism after high fat intake. The anti-inflammatory response associated with its administration suggests its potential for use as a nutrient supplement in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Tovar
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Instituto IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Avda, Carlos Haya 82, Sótano, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (R.T.); (M.d.C.); (M.R.-P.); (A.G.); (E.B.)
| | - Marialuisa de Ceglia
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Instituto IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Avda, Carlos Haya 82, Sótano, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (R.T.); (M.d.C.); (M.R.-P.); (A.G.); (E.B.)
| | - Massimo Ubaldi
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.U.); (L.S.); (C.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Miguel Rodríguez-Pozo
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Instituto IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Avda, Carlos Haya 82, Sótano, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (R.T.); (M.d.C.); (M.R.-P.); (A.G.); (E.B.)
| | - Laura Soverchia
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.U.); (L.S.); (C.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Carlo Cifani
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.U.); (L.S.); (C.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Gema Rojo
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Ana Gavito
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Instituto IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Avda, Carlos Haya 82, Sótano, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (R.T.); (M.d.C.); (M.R.-P.); (A.G.); (E.B.)
| | - Laura Hernandez-Folgado
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida Juan de la Cierva, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (L.H.-F.); (N.J.)
| | - Nadine Jagerovic
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida Juan de la Cierva, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (L.H.-F.); (N.J.)
| | - Roberto Ciccocioppo
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.U.); (L.S.); (C.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Elena Baixeras
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Instituto IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Avda, Carlos Haya 82, Sótano, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (R.T.); (M.d.C.); (M.R.-P.); (A.G.); (E.B.)
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Instituto IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Avda, Carlos Haya 82, Sótano, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (R.T.); (M.d.C.); (M.R.-P.); (A.G.); (E.B.)
- Unidad Clínica de Neurología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto IBMA-Plataforma BIONAND, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Andalusian Network for Clinical and Translational Research in Neurology [NEURO-RECA], 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Juan Decara
- Grupo de Neuropsicofarmacología, Instituto IBIMA-Plataforma BIONAND, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Avda, Carlos Haya 82, Sótano, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (R.T.); (M.d.C.); (M.R.-P.); (A.G.); (E.B.)
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5
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Herrera-Imbroda J, Flores-López M, Requena-Ocaña N, Araos P, García-Marchena N, Ropero J, Bordallo A, Suarez J, Pavón-Morón FJ, Serrano A, Mayoral F, Rodríguez de Fonseca F. Antidepressant Medication Does Not Contribute to the Elevated Circulating Concentrations of Acylethanolamides Found in Substance Use Disorder Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14788. [PMID: 37834235 PMCID: PMC10573451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating acylethanolamides (NAEs) are bioactive signaling molecules that modulate multiple homeostatic functions including mood and hedonic responses. Variations in their plasma concentrations are associated with substance use disorders (SUD) and recent studies suggest that psychotropic medication might influence its circulating levels, limiting its use as a clinical biomarker of addiction. In addition, they might have a role as mediators of the pharmacological effects of psychotropic drugs. Thus, in mild depression, the response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-type antidepressants (SSRI) is associated with a marked increase in circulating NAEs. To further investigate if antidepressants are able to modify the plasma concentration of NAEs in SUD patients, we analyzed the circulating levels of NAEs in 333 abstinent and 175 healthy controls on the basis of the treatment with SSRI antidepressants. As described previously, SUD patients display higher concentrations of NAEs than those measured in a control population. This increase was not further modified by antidepressant therapy. Only marginal increases in palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), oleoylethanolamide (OEA), or docosatetraenoyl-ethanolamide (DEA) were found, and the net effect was very small. Thus, our study shows that treatment with SSRI-type antidepressants does not modify the clinical utility of monitoring enhanced NAE production as biomarkers of SUD. In addition, the possibility that a blunted NAE response to antidepressant therapy might be related to the loss of efficacy of SSRIs in dual depression emerges as an attractive hypothesis that needs to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Herrera-Imbroda
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina—IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Málaga, Spain; (J.H.-I.); (M.F.-L.); (N.R.-O.); (P.A.); (N.G.-M.); (J.R.); (J.S.); (F.J.P.-M.); (F.M.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
- Departamento de Farmacología y Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - María Flores-López
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina—IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Málaga, Spain; (J.H.-I.); (M.F.-L.); (N.R.-O.); (P.A.); (N.G.-M.); (J.R.); (J.S.); (F.J.P.-M.); (F.M.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Nerea Requena-Ocaña
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina—IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Málaga, Spain; (J.H.-I.); (M.F.-L.); (N.R.-O.); (P.A.); (N.G.-M.); (J.R.); (J.S.); (F.J.P.-M.); (F.M.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Pedro Araos
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina—IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Málaga, Spain; (J.H.-I.); (M.F.-L.); (N.R.-O.); (P.A.); (N.G.-M.); (J.R.); (J.S.); (F.J.P.-M.); (F.M.)
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Nuria García-Marchena
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina—IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Málaga, Spain; (J.H.-I.); (M.F.-L.); (N.R.-O.); (P.A.); (N.G.-M.); (J.R.); (J.S.); (F.J.P.-M.); (F.M.)
- Departamento de Psicobiología y Metodología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jessica Ropero
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina—IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Málaga, Spain; (J.H.-I.); (M.F.-L.); (N.R.-O.); (P.A.); (N.G.-M.); (J.R.); (J.S.); (F.J.P.-M.); (F.M.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Antonio Bordallo
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Juan Suarez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina—IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Málaga, Spain; (J.H.-I.); (M.F.-L.); (N.R.-O.); (P.A.); (N.G.-M.); (J.R.); (J.S.); (F.J.P.-M.); (F.M.)
- Departamento of Anatomía, Medicina Legal e Historia de la Ciencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Pavón-Morón
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina—IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Málaga, Spain; (J.H.-I.); (M.F.-L.); (N.R.-O.); (P.A.); (N.G.-M.); (J.R.); (J.S.); (F.J.P.-M.); (F.M.)
- Unidad Clínica Área del Corazón, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonia Serrano
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina—IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Málaga, Spain; (J.H.-I.); (M.F.-L.); (N.R.-O.); (P.A.); (N.G.-M.); (J.R.); (J.S.); (F.J.P.-M.); (F.M.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Fermín Mayoral
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina—IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Málaga, Spain; (J.H.-I.); (M.F.-L.); (N.R.-O.); (P.A.); (N.G.-M.); (J.R.); (J.S.); (F.J.P.-M.); (F.M.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina—IBIMA Plataforma Bionand, 29590 Málaga, Spain; (J.H.-I.); (M.F.-L.); (N.R.-O.); (P.A.); (N.G.-M.); (J.R.); (J.S.); (F.J.P.-M.); (F.M.)
- Unidad Clínica de Neurología, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
- Andalusian Network for Clinical and Translational Research in Neurology (NEURO-RECA), 29001 Malaga, Spain
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Pacheco-Sánchez B, Tovar R, Ben Rabaa M, Sánchez-Salido L, Vargas A, Suárez J, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Rivera P. Sex-Dependent Altered Expression of Cannabinoid Signaling in Hippocampal Astrocytes of the Triple Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease: Implications for Controlling Astroglial Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12598. [PMID: 37628778 PMCID: PMC10454447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease. In AD-associated neuroinflammation, astrocytes play a key role, finding glial activation both in patients and in animal models. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a neurolipid signaling system with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties implicated in AD. Astrocytes respond to external cannabinoid signals and also have their own cannabinoid signaling. Our main objective is to describe the cannabinoid signaling machinery present in hippocampal astrocytes from 3×Tg-AD mice to determine if they are actively involved in the neurodegenerative process. Primary cultures of astrocytes from the hippocampus of 3×Tg-AD and non-Tg offspring were carried out. We analyzed the gene expression of astrogliosis markers, the main components of the ECS and Ca2+ signaling. 3×Tg-AD hippocampal astrocytes show low inflammatory activity (Il1b, Il6, and Gls) and Ca2+ flow (P2rx5 and Mcu), associated with low cannabinoid signaling (Cnr1 and Cnr2). These results were more evident in females. Our study corroborates glial involvement in AD pathology, in which cannabinoid signaling plays an important role. 3×Tg-AD mice born with hippocampal astrocytes with differential gene expression of the ECS associated with an innate attenuation of their activity. In addition, we show that there are sex differences from birth in this AD animal, which should be considered when investigating the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Pacheco-Sánchez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (B.P.-S.); (R.T.); (M.B.R.); (L.S.-S.); (A.V.); (J.S.)
| | - Rubén Tovar
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (B.P.-S.); (R.T.); (M.B.R.); (L.S.-S.); (A.V.); (J.S.)
| | - Meriem Ben Rabaa
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (B.P.-S.); (R.T.); (M.B.R.); (L.S.-S.); (A.V.); (J.S.)
- Molecular Biotechnology, FH Campus Wien, University for Applied Sciences, Favoritenstraße 222, 1100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lourdes Sánchez-Salido
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (B.P.-S.); (R.T.); (M.B.R.); (L.S.-S.); (A.V.); (J.S.)
| | - Antonio Vargas
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (B.P.-S.); (R.T.); (M.B.R.); (L.S.-S.); (A.V.); (J.S.)
| | - Juan Suárez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (B.P.-S.); (R.T.); (M.B.R.); (L.S.-S.); (A.V.); (J.S.)
- Departamento de Anatomía Humana, Medicina Legal e Historia de la Ciencia, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (B.P.-S.); (R.T.); (M.B.R.); (L.S.-S.); (A.V.); (J.S.)
| | - Patricia Rivera
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (B.P.-S.); (R.T.); (M.B.R.); (L.S.-S.); (A.V.); (J.S.)
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Visconti G, Boccard J, Feinberg M, Rudaz S. From fundamentals in calibration to modern methodologies: A tutorial for small molecules quantification in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry bioanalysis. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1240:340711. [PMID: 36641149 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, liquid chromatography coupled to mass-spectrometry (LC‒MS) has become the gold standard to perform qualitative and quantitative analyses of small molecules. When quantitative analysis is developed, an analyst usually refers to international guidelines for analytical method validation. In this context, the design of calibration curves plays a key role in providing accurate results. During recent years and along with instrumental advances, strategies to build calibration curves have dramatically evolved, introducing innovative approaches to improve quantitative precision and throughput. For example, when a labeled standard is available to be spiked directly into the study sample, the concentration of the unlabeled analog can be easily determined using the isotopic pattern deconvolution or the internal calibration approach, eliminating the need for multipoint calibration curves. This tutorial aims to synthetize the advances in LC‒MS quantitative analysis for small molecules in complex matrices, going from fundamental aspects in calibration to modern methodologies and applications. Different work schemes for calibration depending on the sample characteristics (analyte and matrix nature) are distinguished and discussed. Finally, this tutorial outlines the importance of having international guidelines for analytical method validation that agree with the advances in calibration strategies and analytical instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioele Visconti
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julien Boccard
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Serge Rudaz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
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8
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Soldevila-Domenech N, Pastor A, Sala-Vila A, Lázaro I, Boronat A, Muñoz D, Castañer O, Fagundo B, Corella D, Fernández-Aranda F, Martínez-González MÁ, Salas-Salvadó J, Fitó M, de la Torre R. Sex differences in endocannabinoids during 3 years of Mediterranean diet intervention: Association with insulin resistance and weight loss in a population with metabolic syndrome. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1076677. [PMID: 36532543 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1076677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundExcess circulating endocannabinoids (eCBs) and imbalanced N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) related eCBs abundance could influence dietary weight loss success. We aimed to examine sex differences in the impact of a 3-years Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) intervention on circulating eCBs, NAEs and their precursor fatty acids, and to analyze the interplay between changes in eCBs or NAEs ratios, insulin resistance and the achievement of clinically meaningful weight reductions.MethodsProspective cohort study in a subsample of N = 105 participants (54.3% women; 65.6 ± 4.6 years) with overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome that underwent a 3-years MedDiet intervention (PREDIMED-Plus study). Plasma eCBs and NAEs, including 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), anandamide (AEA), oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), fatty acids, diet, glycemic homeostasis (including the assessment of insulin resistance-HOMA-IR), and cardiovascular risk markers were monitored (at 0-6-12-36 months).ResultsMediterranean diet adherence increased in both sexes and remained high during the 3 years of follow-up. Reductions in body weight, glycemic and cardiovascular parameters were larger in men than in women. Women presented higher concentrations of NAEs than men throughout the study. In both sexes, AEA and other NAEs (including OEA, and PEA) decreased after 6 months (for AEA: −4.9%), whereas the ratio OEA/AEA increased after 1 year (+5.8%). Changes in 2-AG (−3.9%) and the ratio OEA/PEA (+8.2%) persisted over the 3 years of follow-up. In women, 6-months changes in AEA (OR = 0.65) and the ratio OEA/AEA (OR = 3.28) were associated with the achievement of 8% weight reductions and correlated with HOMA-IR changes (r = 0.29 and r = −0.34). In men, OEA/PEA changes were associated with 8% weight reductions (OR = 2.62) and correlated with HOMA-IR changes (r = −0.32).ConclusionA 3-years MedDiet intervention modulated plasma concentrations of eCBs and NAEs. Changes in AEA and in the relative abundance of NAEs were associated with clinically meaningful weight reductions. However, marked sex differences were identified in eCBs and NAEs, as well as in the efficacy of the intervention in terms of glycemic and cardiovascular parameters, which could be related to post-menopause alterations in glucose metabolism. These findings support a sex-balanced research strategy for a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the regulation of body weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Soldevila-Domenech
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Neuroscience Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Pastor
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Neuroscience Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aleix Sala-Vila
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Epidemiology and Public Health Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
| | - Iolanda Lázaro
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Epidemiology and Public Health Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Boronat
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Neuroscience Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Muñoz
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Epidemiology and Public Health Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Castañer
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Epidemiology and Public Health Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Endocrinology Service, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Fagundo
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Neuroscience Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Physiotherapy, Fundació Universitària del Bages, Manresa, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviours Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra's Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Reus, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Epidemiology and Public Health Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Neuroscience Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Endocannabinoid signaling of homeostatic status modulates functional connectivity in reward and salience networks. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:1311-1319. [PMID: 34212205 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05890-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Endocannabinoids are well poised to regulate crosstalk between energy sensing of hunger and satiety and reward-driven motivation. OBJECTIVES Here, we aimed to unravel associations between plasma endocannabinoids and brain connectivity in homeostatic and reward circuits across hunger and satiety states. METHODS Fifteen participants (7 females) underwent two counter-balanced resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans, one after overnight fasting and one after consumption of a standardized filling meal (satiety). Before each scan, we drew blood to measure plasma endocannabinoid concentrations (anandamide [AEA], anandamide-derived POEA, and 2-arachidonoylglycerol [2-AG]), analyzed with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS We found that AEA levels were associated with increased connectivity between the lateral hypothalamus and the ventral striatum during satiety. Furthermore, fasting AEA levels correlated with connectivity between the ventral striatum and the anterior cingulate cortex and the insula. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, results suggest that peripheral AEA concentrations are sensitive to homeostatic changes and linked to neural communication in reward and salience networks. Findings may have significant implications for understanding normal and abnormal interactions between homeostatic input and reward valuation.
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10
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Metabolomics and integrated network analysis reveal roles of endocannabinoids and large neutral amino acid balance in the ayahuasca experience. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112845. [PMID: 35339828 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a renewed interest in the potential use of psychedelics for the treatment of psychiatric conditions. Nevertheless, little is known about the mechanism of action and molecular pathways influenced by ayahuasca use in humans. Therefore, for the first time, our study aims to investigate the human metabolomics signature after consumption of a psychedelic, ayahuasca, and its connection with both the psychedelic-induced subjective effects and the plasma concentrations of ayahuasca alkaloids. Plasma samples of 23 individuals were collected both before and after ayahuasca consumption. Samples were analysed through targeted metabolomics and further integrated with subjective ratings of the ayahuasca experience (i.e., using the 5-Dimension Altered States of Consciousness Rating Scale [ASC]), and plasma ayahuasca-alkaloids using integrated network analysis. Metabolic pathways enrichment analysis using diffusion algorithms for specific KEGG modules was performed on the metabolic output. Compared to baseline, the consumption of ayahuasca increased N-acyl-ethanolamine endocannabinoids, decreased 2-acyl-glycerol endocannabinoids, and altered several large-neutral amino acids (LNAAs). Integrated network results indicated that most of the LNAAs were inversely associated with 9 out of the 11 subscales of the ASC, except for tryptophan which was positively associated. Several endocannabinoids and hexosylceramides were directly associated with the ayahuasca alkaloids. Enrichment analysis confirmed dysregulation in several pathways involved in neurotransmission such as serotonin and dopamine synthesis. In conclusion, a crosstalk between the circulating LNAAs and the subjective effects is suggested, which is independent of the alkaloid concentrations and provides insights into the specific metabolic fingerprint and mechanism of action underlying ayahuasca experiences.
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11
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Acute stress and alcohol exposure during adolescence result in an anxious phenotype in adulthood: Role of altered glutamate/endocannabinoid transmission mechanisms. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 113:110460. [PMID: 34695542 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stressful episodes and high alcohol consumption during adolescence are considered major risk factors for the development of psychiatric disorders in adulthood. Identification of mechanisms underlying these early events, which enhanced vulnerability to mental illness, is essential for both their prevention and treatment. METHODS Male Wistar rats were used to investigate the long-term effects of early restraint stress and intermittent alcohol exposure (intragastric administration of 3 g/kg ethanol; 4 days/week for 4 weeks during adolescence) on anxiety-like behavior and the expression of signaling systems associated with emotional behaviors [e.g., corticosterone, fatty acid-derived molecules and endocannabinoid enzymes, glutamate receptor subunits, corticotropin releasing hormone receptors (CRHR1 and CRHR2) and neuropeptide Y receptors (NPY1R and NPYR2)] in the blood and amygdala. RESULTS Overall, both stress and alcohol exposure during adolescence induced anxiogenic-like behaviors, increased plasma levels of corticosterone and increases in the amygdalar expression of the cannabinoid CB2 receptor and certain subunits of glutamate receptors (i.e., mGluR1, mGluR5 and NMDAR1) in young adult rats. In addition, there were specific main effects of alcohol exposure on the expression of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor, monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) and NPY2R in the amygdala, and significant increases were observed in rats exposed to alcohol. Interestingly, there were significant interaction effects between restraint stress and alcohol exposure on the expression of plasma 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), and both CRHR1,2 and NPY1R in the amygdala. Thus, the restraint stress was associated with increased 2-AG levels, which was not observed in rats exposed to alcohol. The alcohol exposure was associated with an increased expression of CRHR1,2 but the restraint stress prevented these increases (stress alcohol rats). In contrast, NPY1R was only increased in rats exposed to stress and alcohol. Finally, we did not observe any potentiation of the behavioral and molecular effects by the combination of stress and alcohol, which is concordant with an overall ceiling effect on some of the variables. CONCLUSION Separate and combined early stress and alcohol induced a common anxious phenotype with increased corticosterone in adulthood. However, there were differences in the amygdalar expression of signaling systems involved in maladaptive changes in emotional behavior. Therefore, our results suggest the existence of partially different mechanisms for stress and alcohol exposures.
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12
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Kratz D, Sens A, Schäfer SMG, Hahnefeld L, Geisslinger G, Thomas D, Gurke R. Pre-analytical challenges for the quantification of endocannabinoids in human serum. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1190:123102. [PMID: 35026652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids (ECs) are potent lipid mediators with high physiological relevance. They are involved in a wide variety of diseases like depression or multiple sclerosis and are closely connected to metabolic parameters in humans. Therefore, their suitability as a biomarker in different (patho-)physiological conditions is discussed intensively and predominantly investigated by analyzing systemic concentrations in easily accessible matrices like blood. Carefully designed pre-analytical sample handling is of major importance for high-quality data, but harmonization is not achieved yet. Whole blood is either processed to serum or plasma before the onset of analytical workflows and while knowledge about pre-analytical challenges in plasma handling is thorough they were not systematically investigated for serum. Therefore, the ECs AEA and 2-AG, and closely related EC-like substances 1-AG, DHEA, and PEA were examined by LC-MS/MS in serum samples of nine healthy volunteers employing different pre-analytical sample handling protocols, including prolonged coagulation, and storage after centrifugation at room temperature (RT) or on ice. Furthermore, all analytes were also assessed in plasma samples obtained from the same individuals at the same time points to investigate the comparability between those two blood-based matrices regarding obtained concentrations and their 2-AG/1-AG ratio. This study shows that ECs and EC-like substances in serum samples were significantly higher than in plasma and are especially prone to ex vivo changes during initial and prolonged storage for coagulation at RT. Storage on ice after centrifugation is less critical. However, storage at RT further increases 1-AG and 2-AG concentrations, while also lowering the already reduced 2-AG/1-AG ratio due to isomerization. Thus, avoidance of prolonged processing at RT can increase data quality if serum as the matrix of choice is unavoidable. However, serum preparation in itself is expected to initiate changes of physiological concentrations as standard precautionary measures like fast and cooled processing can only be utilized by using plasma, which should be the preferred matrix for analyses of ECs and EC-like substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kratz
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital of Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - A Sens
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital of Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - S M G Schäfer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - L Hahnefeld
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital of Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - G Geisslinger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital of Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - D Thomas
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital of Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - R Gurke
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital of Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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13
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Kratz D, Thomas D, Gurke R. Endocannabinoids as potential biomarkers: It's all about pre-analytics. J Mass Spectrom Adv Clin Lab 2021; 22:56-63. [PMID: 34939056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmsacl.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) are central lipid mediators of the endocannabinoid system. They are highly relevant due to their involvement in a wide variety of inflammatory, metabolic or malign diseases. Further elucidation of their modes of action and use as biomarkers in an easily accessible matrix, like blood, is restricted by their susceptibility to deviations during blood sampling and physiological co-dependences, which results in high variability of reported concentrations in low ng/mL ranges. Objectives The objective of this review is the identification of critical parameters during the pre-analytical phase and proposal of minimum requirements for reliable determination of endocannabinoids (ECs) in blood samples. Methods Reported physiological processes influencing the EC concentrations were put into context with published pre-analytical research and stability data from bioanalytical method validation. Results The cause for variability in EC concentrations is versatile. In part, they are caused by inter-individual factors like sex, metabolic status and/or diurnal changes. Nevertheless, enzymatic activity in freshly drawn blood samples is the main reason for changing concentrations of AEA and 2-AG, besides additional non-enzymatic isomerization of the latter. Conclusion Blood samples for EC analyses require immediate processing at low temperatures (>0 °C) to maintain sample integrity. Standardization of the respective blood tube or anti-coagulant, sampling time point, applied centrifugal force and complete processing time can further decrease variability caused by sample handling. Nevertheless, extensive characterization of study participants is needed to reduce distortion of clinical data caused by co-variables and facilitate research on the endocannabinoid system.
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Key Words
- (U)HPLC, (ultra) high performance liquid chromatography
- 1-AG, 1-arachidonoyl glycerol
- 2-AG, 2-arachidonoyl glycerol
- 2-Arachidonoyl glycerol
- AEA, arachidonoyl ethanolamide
- Anandamide
- BMI, body mass index
- Blood sampling
- CBR, cannabinoid receptor
- EC-like, endocannabinoid-like
- ECS, endocannabinoid system
- ECs, endocannabinoids
- EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- Endocannabinoid
- FAAH, fatty acid amide hydrolase
- FT, freezing temperature
- FTC, freeze–thaw cycles
- HDL, high density lipo protein
- KSCN, potassium thiocyanate
- LLE, liquid–liquid extraction
- MAGL, monoacylglycerol lipase
- MS/MS, tandem mass spectrometry
- O-AEA, virodhamine
- OEA, oleoyl ethanolamide
- PAF, platelet-activating factor
- PEA, palmitoyl ethanolamide
- PMSF, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride
- Pre-analytics
- RT, room temperature
- SPE, solid-phase extraction
- WB, whole blood
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kratz
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital of Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dominique Thomas
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital of Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Robert Gurke
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital of Goethe-University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), and Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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14
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Ramírez-López A, Pastor A, de la Torre R, La Porta C, Ozaita A, Cabañero D, Maldonado R. Role of the endocannabinoid system in a mouse model of Fragile X undergoing neuropathic pain. Eur J Pain 2021; 25:1316-1328. [PMID: 33619843 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain is a complex condition characterized by sensory, cognitive and affective symptoms that magnify the perception of pain. The underlying pathogenic mechanisms are largely unknown and there is an urgent need for the development of novel medications. The endocannabinoid system modulates pain perception and drugs targeting the cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2) devoid of psychoactive side effects could emerge as novel analgesics. An interesting model to evaluate the mechanisms underlying resistance to pain is the fragile X mental retardation protein knockout mouse (Fmr1KO), a model of fragile X syndrome that exhibits nociceptive deficits and fails to develop neuropathic pain. METHODS A partial sciatic nerve ligation was performed to wild-type (WT) and Fmr1KO mice having (HzCB2 and Fmr1KO-HzCB2, respectively) or not (WT and Fmr1KO mice) a partial deletion of CB2 to investigate the participation of the endocannabinoid system on the pain-resistant phenotype of Fmr1KO mice. RESULTS Nerve injury induced canonical hypersensitivity in WT and HzCB2 mice, whereas this increased pain sensitivity was absent in Fmr1KO mice. Interestingly, Fmr1KO mice partially lacking CB2 lost this protection against neuropathic pain. Similarly, pain-induced depressive-like behaviour was observed in WT, HzCB2 and Fmr1KO-HzCB2 mice, but not in Fmr1KO littermates. Nerve injury evoked different alterations in WT and Fmr1KO mice at spinal and supra-spinal levels that correlated with these nociceptive and emotional alterations. CONCLUSIONS This work shows that CB2 is necessary for the protection against neuropathic pain observed in Fmr1KO mice, raising the interest in targeting this receptor for the treatment of neuropathic pain. SIGNIFICANCE Neuropathic pain is a complex chronic pain condition and current treatments are limited by the lack of efficacy and the incidence of important side effects. Our findings show that the pain-resistant phenotype of Fmr1KO mice against nociceptive and emotional manifestations triggered by persistent nerve damage requires the participation of the cannabinoid receptor CB2, raising the interest in targeting this receptor for neuropathic pain treatment. Additional multidisciplinary studies more closely related to human pain experience should be conducted to explore the potential use of cannabinoids as adequate analgesic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Ramírez-López
- Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Pastor
- IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Carmen La Porta
- Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Ozaita
- Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Cabañero
- Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Maldonado
- Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,IMIM-Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Pedersen TL, Gray IJ, Newman JW. Plasma and serum oxylipin, endocannabinoid, bile acid, steroid, fatty acid and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug quantification in a 96-well plate format. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1143:189-200. [PMID: 33384117 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this research was to develop a high-throughput, cost-effective method for metabolic profiling of lipid mediators and hormones involved in the regulation of inflammation and energy metabolism, along with polyunsaturated fatty acids and common over-the-counter non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We describe a 96-well plate protein precipitation and filtration procedure for 50 μL of plasma or serum in the presence of 37 deuterated analogs and 2 instrument internal standards. Data is acquired in two back-to-back UPLC-MS/MS analyses using electrospray ionization with positive/negative switching and scheduled multiple reaction monitoring for the determination of 145 compounds, including oxylipins, endocannabinoids and like compounds, bile acids, glucocorticoids, sex steroids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and 3 NSAIDs. Intra- and inter-batch variability was <25% for >70% of metabolites above the LOQ in both matrices, but higher inter-batch variability was observed for serum oxylipins and some bile acids. Results for NIST Standard Reference Material 1950, compared favorably with the 20 certified metabolite values covered by this assay, and we provide new data for oxylipins, N-acylethanolamides, glucocorticoids, and 17-hydroxy-progesterone in this material. Application to two independent cohorts of elderly men and women showed the routine detection of 86 metabolites, identified fasting state influences on essential fatty acid-derived oxylipins, N-acylethanolamides and conjugated bile acids, identified rare presence of high and low testosterone levels and the presence of NSAIDs in ∼10% of these populations. The described method appears valuable for investigations in large cohort studies to provide insight into metabolic cross-talk between the array of mediators assessed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa L Pedersen
- Dept of Food Science and Technology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ira J Gray
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service - Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA; West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - John W Newman
- Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service - Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA; West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Dept of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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16
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Ney LJ, Felmingham KL, Bruno R, Matthews A, Nichols DS. Simultaneous quantification of endocannabinoids, oleoylethanolamide and steroid hormones in human plasma and saliva. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1152:122252. [PMID: 32615536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous cannabinoids are an increasingly intriguing target for biological research, given the changing legal status of medicinal cannabinoid-based products throughout the world. However, studying the endogenous cannabinoid system is a relatively new field, with few research teams attempting to develop quantitative methods for these important modulatory analytes in human matrices, other than blood. Here we develop and validate simultaneous methods for quantifying arachidonoyl-ethanolamide, 2-arachidonoyl glycerol, oleoylethanolamide, cortisol and progesterone in human plasma and saliva using liquid-liquid extraction combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The method was fully validated over the linear concentration range 1-20 ng/mL for each analyte in plasma (R2 = 0.98-0.99) and saliva (R2 = 0.99). We find that salivary endogenous cannabinoids and cortisol are acutely responsive to exercise, suggesting that targeting the saliva system may present a convenient way for future research of endogenous cannabinoids. This finding also encourages a broader understanding of the endogenous cannabinoid system during stress responses, and our method may consequently lead to a better understanding of the role of endogenous cannabinoids in peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Ney
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Kim L Felmingham
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Raimondo Bruno
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | - Allison Matthews
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | - David S Nichols
- Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Australia
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17
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Rivera P, Vargas A, Pastor A, Boronat A, López-Gambero AJ, Sánchez-Marín L, Medina-Vera D, Serrano A, Pavón FJ, de la Torre R, Agirregoitia E, Lucena MI, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Decara J, Suárez J. Differential hepatoprotective role of the cannabinoid CB 1 and CB 2 receptors in paracetamol-induced liver injury. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:3309-3326. [PMID: 32167157 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Protective mechanisms of the endogenous cannabinoid system against drug-induced liver injury (DILI) are actively being investigated regarding the differential regulatory role of the cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors in liver fibrogenesis and inflammation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)-related signalling receptors and enzymatic machinery, and inflammatory/fibrogenic factors were investigated in the liver of a mouse model of hepatotoxicity induced by acute and repeated overdoses (750 mg·kg-1 ·day-1 ) of paracetamol (acetaminophen), previously treated with selective CB1 (ACEA) and CB2 (JWH015) agonists (10 mg·kg-1 ), or lacking CB1 and CB2 receptors. KEY RESULTS Acute paracetamol increased the expression of CB2 , ABHD6 and COX-2, while repeated paracetamol increased that of CB1 and COX-2 and decreased that of DAGLβ. Both acute paracetamol and repeated paracetamol decreased the liver content of acylglycerols (2-AG, 2-LG and 2-OG). Human liver samples from a patient suffering APAP hepatotoxicity confirmed CB1 and CB2 increments. Acute paracetamol-exposed CB2 KO mice had higher expression of the fibrogenic αSMA and the cytokine IL-6 and lower apoptotic cleaved caspase 3. CB1 deficiency enhanced the repeated APAP-induced increases in αSMA and cleaved caspase 3 and blocked those of CYP2E1, TNF-α, the chemokine CCL2 and the circulating γ-glutamyltransferase (γGT). Although JWH015 reduced the expression of αSMA and TNF-α in acute paracetamol, ACEA increased the expression of cleaved caspase 3 and CCL2 in repeated paracetamol. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS The differential role of CB1 versus CB2 receptors on inflammatory/fibrogenic factors related to paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity should be considered for designing alternative therapies against DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rivera
- Department of Endocrinology, Fundación Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica la Princesa, Madrid, Spain.,UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio Vargas
- UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antoni Pastor
- Farmacología Integrada y Neurociencia de Sistemas, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Boronat
- Farmacología Integrada y Neurociencia de Sistemas, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Jesús López-Gambero
- UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Laura Sánchez-Marín
- UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Dina Medina-Vera
- UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonia Serrano
- UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Pavón
- UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,UGC Corazón, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, IBIMA, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Farmacología Integrada y Neurociencia de Sistemas, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ekaitz Agirregoitia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - María Isabel Lucena
- Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, IBIMA, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Decara
- UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Suárez
- UGC Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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Forcano L, Castellano M, Cuenca-Royo A, Goday-Arno A, Pastor A, Langohr K, Castañer O, Pérez-Vega KA, Serra C, Ruffini G, Alonso-Alonso M, Soria-Frisch A, de la Torre R. Prefrontal Cortex Neuromodulation Enhances Frontal Asymmetry and Reduces Caloric Intake in Patients with Morbid Obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:696-705. [PMID: 32144883 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to test the feasibility of a combined intervention involving transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and cognitive training (CT). Short-term effects on food consumption, cognition, endocannabinoid (eCB) levels, and electroencephalogram (EEG) markers of future weight loss were explored. METHODS Eighteen healthy volunteers with morbid obesity were randomized in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trial. Participants received sham or active tDCS plus CT for four consecutive days. Cognitive performance, daily food intake, and eCB blood samples were collected before and after the intervention; EEG data were gathered before and after daily training. RESULTS The active tDCS + CT group reversed left-dominant frontal asymmetry and increased frontal coherence (FC) in the γ-band (30-45 Hz) after the intervention. The strength of the latter predicted BMI reduction. Additionally, a large intervention effect on food intake was shown in the active tDCS + CT group at follow-up (-339.6 ± 639 kcal on average), and there was a decrease of plasma eCB concentrations. CONCLUSIONS dlPFC modulation through tDCS + CT is an effective tool to restore right dominance of the dlPFC and enhance FC in patients with morbid obesity. Moreover, the effect of the strength of FC on BMI suggests that the interhemispheric FC at the dlPFC is functionally relevant for the efficient regulation of food choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Forcano
- Neurosciences Research Program. Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Aida Cuenca-Royo
- Neurosciences Research Program. Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Goday-Arno
- Morbid Obesity Care Unit, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Pastor
- Neurosciences Research Program. Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Klaus Langohr
- Neurosciences Research Program. Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Castañer
- Neurosciences Research Program. Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Karla Alejandra Pérez-Vega
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Serra
- Morbid Obesity Care Unit, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giulio Ruffini
- Starlab Barcelona SL, Barcelona, Spain
- Neuroelectrics Corporation, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Miguel Alonso-Alonso
- Laboratory of Bariatric and Nutritional Neuroscience, Center for the Study of Nutrition Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Rafael de la Torre
- Neurosciences Research Program. Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Sanchez-Marin L, Gavito AL, Decara J, Pastor A, Castilla-Ortega E, Suarez J, de la Torre R, Pavon FJ, Rodriguez de Fonseca F, Serrano A. Impact of intermittent voluntary ethanol consumption during adolescence on the expression of endocannabinoid system and neuroinflammatory mediators. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 33:126-138. [PMID: 32057593 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The adolescent brain displays high vulnerability to the deleterious effects of ethanol, including greater risk of developing alcohol use disorder later in life. Here, we characterized the gene expression of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and relevant signaling systems associated with neuroinflammation and emotional behaviors in the brain of young adult control and ethanol-exposed (EtOH) rats. We measured mRNA levels of candidate genes using quantitative real time PCR in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), amygdala and hippocampus. EtOH rats were generated by maintenance on an intermittent and voluntary ethanol consumption during adolescence using the two-bottle choice paradigm (4 days/week for 4 weeks) followed by 2 week-withdrawal, a time-point of withdrawal with no physical symptoms. Mean differences and effect sizes were calculated using t-test and Cohen's d values. In the mPFC and hippocampus, EtOH rats had significantly higher mRNA expression of endocannabinoid-signaling (mPFC: Ppara, Dagla, Daglb and Napepld; and hippocampus: Cnr2, Dagla and Mgll) and neuroinflammation-associated genes (mPFC: Gfap; and hippocampus: Aif1) than in controls. Moreover, EtOH rats had significantly higher mRNA expression of neuropeptide Y receptor genes (Npy1r, Npy2r and Npy5r) in the hippocampus. Finally, EtOH rats also displayed higher plasma endocannabinoid levels than controls. In conclusion, these results suggest that adolescent ethanol exposure can lead to long-term alterations in the gene expression of the ECS and other signaling systems involved in neuroinflammation and regulation of emotional behaviors in key brain areas for the development of addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sanchez-Marin
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Sótano, Málaga 29010, Spain
| | - A L Gavito
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Sótano, Málaga 29010, Spain
| | - J Decara
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Sótano, Málaga 29010, Spain
| | - A Pastor
- Programa de Neurociencias, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Castilla-Ortega
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Sótano, Málaga 29010, Spain
| | - J Suarez
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Sótano, Málaga 29010, Spain
| | - R de la Torre
- Programa de Neurociencias, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - F J Pavon
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Sótano, Málaga 29010, Spain; Unidad Gestión Clínica del Corazón, IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - F Rodriguez de Fonseca
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Sótano, Málaga 29010, Spain.
| | - A Serrano
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Avda. Carlos Haya 82, Sótano, Málaga 29010, Spain.
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20
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Hahnefeld L, Gurke R, Thomas D, Schreiber Y, Schäfer SM, Trautmann S, Snodgrass IF, Kratz D, Geisslinger G, Ferreirós N. Implementation of lipidomics in clinical routine: Can fluoride/citrate blood sampling tubes improve preanalytical stability? Talanta 2020; 209:120593. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Chronic Cannabidiol Administration Fails to Diminish Blood Pressure in Rats with Primary and Secondary Hypertension Despite Its Effects on Cardiac and Plasma Endocannabinoid System, Oxidative Stress and Lipid Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041295. [PMID: 32075117 PMCID: PMC7072941 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the influence of cannabidiol (CBD) on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) in spontaneously (SHR) and deoxycorticosterone (DOCA-salt) hypertensive rats. Hypertension was connected with increases in cardiac and plasma markers of lipid peroxidation in both models, whereas cardiac endocannabinoid levels decreased in SHR and increased in DOCA-salt. CBD (10 mg/kg once a day for 2 weeks) did not modify BP and HR in hypertension but counteracted pro-oxidant effects. Moreover, it decreased cardiac or plasma levels of anandamide, 2-arachidonoylglycerol and oleoyl ethanolamide in DOCA-salt and inhibited the activity of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) in both models. In the respective normotensive control rats, CBD increased lipid peroxidation, free fatty acid levels and FAAH activity. In conclusion, chronic CBD administration does not possess antihypertensive activity in a model of primary and secondary (DOCA-salt) hypertension, despite its antioxidant effect. The latter may be direct rather than based on the endocannabinoid system. The unexpected CBD-related increase in lipid peroxidation in normotensive controls may lead to untoward effects; thus, caution should be kept if CBD is used therapeutically.
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Ren T, Ma A, Zhuo R, Zhang H, Peng L, Jin X, Yao E, Yang L. Oleoylethanolamide Increases Glycogen Synthesis and Inhibits Hepatic Gluconeogenesis via the LKB1/AMPK Pathway in Type 2 Diabetic Model. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 373:81-91. [PMID: 32024803 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.262675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is an endogenous peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) agonist that acts on the peripheral control of energy metabolism. However, its therapeutic potential and related mechanisms in hepatic glucose metabolism under type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are not clear. Here, OEA treatment markedly improved glucose homeostasis in a PPARα-independent manner. OEA efficiently promoted glycogen synthesis and suppressed gluconeogenesis in mouse primary hepatocytes and liver tissue. OEA enhanced hepatic glycogen synthesis and inhibited gluconeogenesis via liver kinase B1 (LKB1)/5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways. PPARα was not involved in the roles of OEA in the LKB1/AMPK pathways. We found that OEA exerts its antidiabetic effect by increasing glycogenesis and decreasing gluconeogenesis via the LKB1/AMPK pathway. The ability of OEA to control hepatic LKB1/AMPK pathways may serve as a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of T2DM. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) exerted a potent antihyperglycemic effect in a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α-independent manner. OEA played an antihyperglycemic role primarily via regulation of hepatic glycogen synthesis and gluconeogenesis. The main molecular mechanism of OEA in regulating liver glycometabolism is activating the liver kinase B1/5' AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Ren
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China (T.R., A.M., R.Z., H.Z., L.P., X.J., L.Y.) and Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Coronary Artery Disease, Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fuzhou, China (E.Y.)
| | - Ang Ma
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China (T.R., A.M., R.Z., H.Z., L.P., X.J., L.Y.) and Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Coronary Artery Disease, Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fuzhou, China (E.Y.)
| | - Rengong Zhuo
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China (T.R., A.M., R.Z., H.Z., L.P., X.J., L.Y.) and Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Coronary Artery Disease, Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fuzhou, China (E.Y.)
| | - Huaying Zhang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China (T.R., A.M., R.Z., H.Z., L.P., X.J., L.Y.) and Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Coronary Artery Disease, Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fuzhou, China (E.Y.)
| | - Lu Peng
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China (T.R., A.M., R.Z., H.Z., L.P., X.J., L.Y.) and Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Coronary Artery Disease, Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fuzhou, China (E.Y.)
| | - Xin Jin
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China (T.R., A.M., R.Z., H.Z., L.P., X.J., L.Y.) and Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Coronary Artery Disease, Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fuzhou, China (E.Y.)
| | - Enhui Yao
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China (T.R., A.M., R.Z., H.Z., L.P., X.J., L.Y.) and Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Coronary Artery Disease, Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fuzhou, China (E.Y.)
| | - Lichao Yang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China (T.R., A.M., R.Z., H.Z., L.P., X.J., L.Y.) and Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Institute of Coronary Artery Disease, Fujian Heart Medical Center, Fuzhou, China (E.Y.)
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Analysis of endocannabinoids in plasma samples by biocompatible solid-phase microextraction devices coupled to mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1091:135-145. [PMID: 31679567 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) represent two of the most important endocannabinoids (ECs) investigated in neurobiology as therapeutic targets for several mental disorders. However, the determination of these ECs in biological matrices remains a challenging task because of the low concentrations, low stability and high protein-bound (LogP ∼ 6). This work describes innovative analytical methods based on biocompatible SPME (Bio-SPME), SPME-UHPLC-MS/MS and Bio-SPME-Nano-ESI-MS/MS, to determine AEA and 2-AG in human plasma samples. The direct coupling of Bio-SPME with nano-ESI-MS/MS can be considered an alternative tool for faster analysis. Different Bio-SPME fibers based on silica and polymeric coating (i.e. C18, C30, and HLB) were evaluated. Different desorption solvents based on combinations of methanol, acetonitrile, and isopropanol were also evaluated for efficient elution with minimum carry-over. Given the high protein binding analytes and the fact that SPME extracts the free-concentration of the analytes, the plasma samples were modified with additives such as guanidine hydrochloride (Gu-HCl), trifluoroacetic acid, and acetonitrile. This study was carried out by experimental design to achieve complete protein denaturation and the release of target analytes. The maximum extraction efficiency was obtained under the following conditions: HLB coated fibers (10 mm length, 20 μm coating thickness), matrix modified (300 μL of plasma) with 50 μL of Gu-HCL 1 mol L-1, 75 μL of ACN and 75 μL of water, and desorption with methanol/isopropanol solution (50:50, v/v). Both methods were validated based on current international guidelines and can be applied for monitoring of concentrations of endocannabinoids in plasma samples. SPME-UHPLC-MS/MS method presented lower LOQ values than SPME-nanoESI-MS/MS. The additional separation (chromatographic column) favored the detectability of LC-MS/MS method. However, the SPME-nano-ESI-MS/MS decrease the total analysis time, due to significant reductions in desorption and detection times.
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Martín-Sánchez A, Warnault V, Montagud-Romero S, Pastor A, Mondragón N, De La Torre R, Valverde O. Alcohol-induced conditioned place preference is modulated by CB2 cannabinoid receptors and modifies levels of endocannabinoids in the mesocorticolimbic system. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2019; 183:22-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Röhrig W, Achenbach S, Deutsch B, Pischetsrieder M. Quantification of 24 circulating endocannabinoids, endocannabinoid-related compounds, and their phospholipid precursors in human plasma by UHPLC-MS/MS. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1475-1488. [PMID: 31235475 PMCID: PMC6672038 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d094680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-related compounds (ERCs) are involved in many physiological processes. They are released on demand from phosphoinositide and N-acylphosphatidyl ethanolamine (NAPE) precursors and comprise 2-monoacylglycerols (2-MGs) and FA ethanolamides (FEAs). Despite the abundance of advanced quantitative methods, however, their determined concentrations in blood plasma are inconsistent because 2-MGs and FEAs undergo artifactual de novo formation, chemical isomerization, and degradation during sample collection and storage. For a comprehensive survey of these compounds in blood and plasma, we have developed and validated an ultra-HPLC-MS/MS method to quantify 24 endocannabinoids, ERCs, and their phospholipid precursors. Immediate acidification of EDTA-blood to pH 5.8 blocked artifactual FEA formation for at least 4 h on ice. The 2-MGs were stabilized after plasma harvest with 0.5 M potassium thiocyanate at pH 4.7. FEA and MG plasma concentrations in six healthy volunteers ranged between 0.04-3.48 and 0.63-6.18 ng/ml, respectively. Interestingly, only 1-5% of circulating FEAs were present in their free form, while the majority was bound to NAPEs. Similarly, 97% of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) was bound to a potential phosphoinositide pool. The herein-described stabilization and extraction methods may now be used to reliably and comprehensively quantify endocannabinoids, ERCs, and their phospholipid precursors in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Röhrig
- Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne Achenbach
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Birgit Deutsch
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Monika Pischetsrieder
- Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Gurke R, Thomas D, Schreiber Y, Schäfer SMG, Fleck SC, Geisslinger G, Ferreirós N. Determination of endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like substances in human K3EDTA plasma - LC-MS/MS method validation and pre-analytical characteristics. Talanta 2019; 204:386-394. [PMID: 31357310 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The determination of endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like substances in biological human samples is a vibrant field of research with great significance due to postulated relevance of these substances in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. For a possible use as biomarker in early prediction or diagnosis of a disease as well as examination of a successful treatment, the valid determination of the analytes in common accessible human samples, such as plasma or serum, is of great importance. A method for the determination of arachidonoyl ethanolamide, oleoyl ethanolamide, palmitoyl ethanolamide, 1-arachidonoyl glycerol and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol in human K3EDTA plasma using liquid-liquid-extraction in combination with liquid chromatography-tandem-mass spectrometry has been developed and validated for the quantification of the aforementioned analytes. Particular emphasis was placed on the chromatographic separation of the isomers 1-arachidonoyl glycerol and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol, arachidonoyl ethanolamide and O-arachidonoyl ethanolamine (virodhamine) as well as oleoyl ethanolamide and vaccenic acid ethanolamide. During the validation process, increasing concentrations of 1-arachidonoyl glycerol and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol while storing plasma samples were observed. In-depth investigation of pre-analytical sample handling revealed rising concentrations for both analytes in plasma and for arachidonoyl ethanolamide, oleoyl ethanolamide and palmitoyl ethanolamide in whole blood, dependent on the period and temperature of storage. Prevention of the increase in concentration was not possible, raising the question whether human K3EDTA plasma is suitable for the determination of endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like substances. Especially the common practice to calculate the concentration of 2-arachidonoyl glycerol as sum of 1-arachidonoyl glycerol and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol is highly questionable because the concentrations of both analytes increase unequally while storing the plasma samples in the fridge.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gurke
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany.
| | - D Thomas
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Y Schreiber
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - S M G Schäfer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - S C Fleck
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - G Geisslinger
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - N Ferreirós
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
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Steuer AE, Brockbals L, Kraemer T. Metabolomic Strategies in Biomarker Research-New Approach for Indirect Identification of Drug Consumption and Sample Manipulation in Clinical and Forensic Toxicology? Front Chem 2019; 7:319. [PMID: 31134189 PMCID: PMC6523029 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug of abuse (DOA) consumption is a growing problem worldwide, particularly with increasing numbers of new psychoactive substances (NPS) entering the drug market. Generally, little information on their adverse effects and toxicity are available. The direct detection and identification of NPS is an analytical challenge due to their ephemerality on the drug scene. An approach that does not directly focus on the structural detection of an analyte or its metabolites, would be beneficial for this complex analytical scenario and the development of alternative screening methods could help to provide fast response on suspected NPS consumption. A metabolomics approach might represent such an alternative strategy for the identification of biomarkers for different questions in DOA testing. Metabolomics is the monitoring of changes in small (endogenous) molecules (<1,000 Da) in response to a certain stimulus, e.g., DOA consumption. For this review, a literature search targeting "metabolomics" and different DOAs or NPS was conducted. Thereby, different applications of metabolomic strategies in biomarker research for DOA identification were identified: (a) as an additional tool for metabolism studies bearing the major advantage that particularly a priori unknown or unexpected metabolites can be identified; and (b) for identification of endogenous biomarker or metabolite patterns, e.g., for synthetic cannabinoids or also to indirectly detect urine manipulation attempts by chemical adulteration or replacement with artificial urine samples. The majority of the currently available literature in that field, however, deals with metabolomic studies for DOAs to better assess their acute or chronic effects or to find biomarkers for drug addiction and tolerance. Certain changes in endogenous compounds are detected for all studied DOAs, but often similar compounds/pathways are influenced. When evaluating these studies with regard to possible biomarkers for drug consumption, the observed changes appear, albeit statistically significant, too small to reliably work as biomarker for drug consumption. Further, different drugs were shown to affect the same pathways. In conclusion, metabolomic approaches possess potential for detection of biomarkers indicating drug consumption. More studies, including more sensitive targeted analyses, multi-variant statistical models or deep-learning approaches are needed to fully explore the potential of omics science in DOA testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea E Steuer
- Department of Forensic Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lana Brockbals
- Department of Forensic Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Kraemer
- Department of Forensic Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Romero-Sanchiz P, Nogueira-Arjona R, Pastor A, Araos P, Serrano A, Boronat A, Garcia-Marchena N, Mayoral F, Bordallo A, Alen F, Suárez J, de la Torre R, Pavón FJ, Rodríguez de Fonseca F. Plasma concentrations of oleoylethanolamide in a primary care sample of depressed patients are increased in those treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-type antidepressants. Neuropharmacology 2019; 149:212-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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29
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Cannabidiol does not display drug abuse potential in mice behavior. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:358-364. [PMID: 30022153 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0032-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that cannabidiol (CBD) may be useful for the treatment of different neuropsychiatric disorders. However, some controversy regarding its profile as a drug of abuse hampers the further development of basic and clinical studies. In this study, the behavioral profile of CBD as a potential drug of abuse was evaluated in C57BL/6J mice. Reinforcing properties of CBD (15, 30, and 60 mg/kg; i.p.) were assessed using the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. Spontaneous withdrawal symptoms and motor activity in the open field were examined 12 h after the last CBD administration (30 mg/kg/12 h, i.p., 6 days). CBD plasma concentrations were measured at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h after the administration of CBD (30 mg/kg, i.p.). Furthermore, an oral CBD self-administration paradigm (50 mg/kg; CBD water-soluble 1.2 mg/mL) was performed to evaluate whether this drug produced any effects on motivation compared with a non-reinforcing substance (water). We found that CBD failed to induce CPP, withdrawal symptoms, or altered motor behavior 12 h after its administration. At that time, only traces of CBD were detected, ensuring that the lack of alterations in somatic signs and locomotor activity was not due to residual drug in plasma. Interestingly, mice displayed similar motivation and consumption of CBD and water. Taken together, these results show that CBD lacks activity as a drug of abuse and should stimulate the development of the basic and clinical studies needed to elucidate its potential therapeutic use for the treatment of neuropsychiatric and drug use disorders.
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30
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Navarro-Romero A, Vázquez-Oliver A, Gomis-González M, Garzón-Montesinos C, Falcón-Moya R, Pastor A, Martín-García E, Pizarro N, Busquets-Garcia A, Revest JM, Piazza PV, Bosch F, Dierssen M, de la Torre R, Rodríguez-Moreno A, Maldonado R, Ozaita A. Cannabinoid type-1 receptor blockade restores neurological phenotypes in two models for Down syndrome. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 125:92-106. [PMID: 30685352 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability is the most limiting hallmark of Down syndrome, for which there is no gold-standard clinical treatment yet. The endocannabinoid system is a widespread neuromodulatory system involved in multiple functions including learning and memory processes. Alterations of this system contribute to the pathogenesis of several neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders. However, the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in the pathogenesis of Down syndrome has not been explored before. We used the best-characterized preclinical model of Down syndrome, the segmentally trisomic Ts65Dn model. In male Ts65Dn mice, cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CB1R) expression was enhanced and its function increased in hippocampal excitatory terminals. Knockdown of CB1R in the hippocampus of male Ts65Dn mice restored hippocampal-dependent memory. Concomitant with this result, pharmacological inhibition of CB1R restored memory deficits, hippocampal synaptic plasticity and adult neurogenesis in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus. Notably, the blockade of CB1R also normalized hippocampal-dependent memory in female Ts65Dn mice. To further investigate the mechanisms involved, we used a second transgenic mouse model overexpressing a single gene candidate for Down syndrome cognitive phenotypes, the dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A). CB1R pharmacological blockade similarly improved cognitive performance, synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis in transgenic male Dyrk1A mice. Our results identify CB1R as a novel druggable target potentially relevant for the improvement of cognitive deficits associated with Down syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Navarro-Romero
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-NeuroPhar, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Vázquez-Oliver
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-NeuroPhar, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Gomis-González
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-NeuroPhar, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Garzón-Montesinos
- Laboratory of Cellular Neuroscience and Plasticity, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Pablo de Olavide, Ctra Utrera km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Rafael Falcón-Moya
- Laboratory of Cellular Neuroscience and Plasticity, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Pablo de Olavide, Ctra Utrera km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Antoni Pastor
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Martín-García
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-NeuroPhar, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nieves Pizarro
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnau Busquets-Garcia
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-NeuroPhar, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jean-Michel Revest
- INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathology and Therapeutic Approaches of Stress-Related Diseases, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Pier-Vincenzo Piazza
- INSERM U1215, Neurocentre Magendie, Physiopathology and Therapeutic Approaches of Stress-Related Diseases, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Fátima Bosch
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG), Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; CIBER Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 08017 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Cellular & Systems Neurobiology, Systems Biology Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Rare Disorders (CIBERER), Spain; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Moreno
- Laboratory of Cellular Neuroscience and Plasticity, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Pablo de Olavide, Ctra Utrera km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Rafael Maldonado
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-NeuroPhar, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Ozaita
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology-NeuroPhar, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
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31
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Portero-Tresserra M, Gracia-Rubio I, Cantacorps L, Pozo OJ, Gómez-Gómez A, Pastor A, López-Arnau R, de la Torre R, Valverde O. Maternal separation increases alcohol-drinking behaviour and reduces endocannabinoid levels in the mouse striatum and prefrontal cortex. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:499-512. [PMID: 29478745 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Childhood adversity is associated with an increased risk of mood, anxiety and substance use disorders. Maternal separation is a reliable rodent model of early life adversity that leads to depression-like symptoms, which may increase the vulnerability to alcohol consumption during adolescence. However, the specific alterations in the pattern of alcohol consumption induced by maternal separation and the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the long-term effects of maternal separation with early weaning (MSEW) on emotional and social behaviour, alcohol rewarding properties, and alcohol consumption, abstinence and relapse in adolescent male C57BL/6 mice. In addition, endocannabinoid and monoamine levels were analysed in discrete brain areas. Results showed that MSEW mice presented emotional alterations related to depressive-like behaviour and modified endocannabinoid levels in the striatum and the prefrontal cortex. MSEW mice also showed impairments in alcohol-induced conditioned place preference and higher alcohol intake in a model of binge drinking. Moreover, MSEW animals displayed a higher propensity to relapse in the two-bottle choice paradigm following a period of alcohol abstinence associated with reduced monoamine levels in the striatum. Such results indicate that exposure to early life stress increased the vulnerability to alcohol binge-drinking during adolescence, which may be partially explained by decreased sensitivity to alcohol rewarding properties and the ability to potentiate alcohol intake following a period of abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Portero-Tresserra
- Neurobiology of Behaviour Research Group (GReNeC-NeuroBio), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Gracia-Rubio
- Neurobiology of Behaviour Research Group (GReNeC-NeuroBio), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lídia Cantacorps
- Neurobiology of Behaviour Research Group (GReNeC-NeuroBio), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar J Pozo
- IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute. Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Gómez-Gómez
- IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute. Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Pastor
- IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute. Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raúl López-Arnau
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute. Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Valverde
- Neurobiology of Behaviour Research Group (GReNeC-NeuroBio), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Research Program, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
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32
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Haijen E, Farre M, de la Torre R, Pastor A, Olesti E, Pizarro N, Ramaekers JG, Kuypers KPC. Peripheral endocannabinoid concentrations are not associated with verbal memory impairment during MDMA intoxication. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:709-717. [PMID: 29143869 PMCID: PMC5847074 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4787-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical data have suggested involvement of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system in MDMA-induced memory impairment. Clinical research has shown that blockade of the 5-HT2 receptor nulls memory impairment during MDMA intoxication. Interestingly, studies have demonstrated that the eCB and the 5-HT system interact. It was hypothesized that MDMA would cause an increase in eCB concentrations together with a decrease in memory performance, and that combining MDMA with a 5-HT2 receptor blocker ketanserin would lead to a counteraction of the MDMA effects on eCB concentrations and memory. METHODS Twenty healthy recreational polydrug users entered a double-blind placebo-controlled within-subject study. Participants received a pre-treatment (ketanserin 40 mg, placebo) followed 30 min later by a treatment (MDMA 75 mg, placebo). Verbal memory was tested by means of a 30-word learning test. Endocannabinoid concentrations (anandamide (2-AG); N-arachidonylethanolamine (AEA)) were assessed in blood at baseline, before (90 min post-treatment) and after cognitive tests (150 min post-treatment). RESULTS Findings showed that MDMA impaired memory 90 min post-treatment in the word learning task. This effect was a replication of previous studies using the same dose of MDMA (75 mg) and the same learning paradigm. Contrary to our hypothesis, MDMA did not affect eCB concentrations, nor did ketanserin block MDMA-induced memory impairment. Ketanserin caused an increase in AEA concentrations, 180 min after administration. CONCLUSION Current findings suggest that peripherally measured endocannabinoids are not associated with the verbal memory deficit during MDMA intoxication. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NTR3691.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Haijen
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M Farre
- Integrative Pharmacology & Neurosciences Systems Research Group, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Pharmacology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - R de la Torre
- Integrative Pharmacology & Neurosciences Systems Research Group, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, CEXS-UPF, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Pastor
- Integrative Pharmacology & Neurosciences Systems Research Group, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - E Olesti
- Integrative Pharmacology & Neurosciences Systems Research Group, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, CEXS-UPF, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Pizarro
- Integrative Pharmacology & Neurosciences Systems Research Group, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J G Ramaekers
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - K P C Kuypers
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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33
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Rivera P, Pastor A, Arrabal S, Decara J, Vargas A, Sánchez-Marín L, Pavón FJ, Serrano A, Bautista D, Boronat A, de la Torre R, Baixeras E, Lucena MI, de Fonseca FR, Suárez J. Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury Alters the Acyl Ethanolamine-Based Anti-Inflammatory Signaling System in Liver. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:705. [PMID: 29056914 PMCID: PMC5635604 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protective mechanisms against drug-induced liver injury are actively being searched to identify new therapeutic targets. Among them, the anti-inflammatory N-acyl ethanolamide (NAE)-peroxisome proliferators activated receptor alpha (PPARα) system has gained much interest after the identification of its protective role in steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis. An overdose of paracetamol (APAP), a commonly used analgesic/antipyretic drug, causes hepatotoxicity, and it is being used as a liver model. In the present study, we have analyzed the impact of APAP on the liver NAE-PPARα system. A dose-response (0.5-5-10-20 mM) and time-course (2-6-24 h) study in human HepG2 cells showed a biphasic response, with a decreased PPARα expression after 6-h APAP incubation followed by a generalized increase of NAE-PPARα system-related components (PPARα, NAPE-PLD, and FAAH), including the NAEs oleoyl ethanolamide (OEA) and docosahexaenoyl ethanolamide, after a 24-h exposure to APAP. These results were partially confirmed in a time-course study of mice exposed to an acute dose of APAP (750 mg/kg). The gene expression levels of Pparα and Faah were decreased after 6 h of treatment and, after 24 h, the gene expression levels of Nape-pld and Faah, as well as the liver levels of OEA and palmitoyl ethanolamide, were increased. Repeated APAP administration (750 mg/kg/day) up to 4 days also decreased the expression levels of PPARα and FAAH, and increased the liver levels of NAEs. A resting period of 15 days completely restored these impairments. Liver immunohistochemistry in a well-characterized human case of APAP hepatotoxicity confirmed PPARα and FAAH decrements. Histopathological and hepatic damage (Cyp2e1, Caspase3, αSma, Tnfα, and Mcp1)-related alterations observed after repeated APAP administration were aggravated in the liver of Pparα-deficient mice. Our results demonstrate that the anti-inflammatory NAE-PPARα signaling system is implicated in liver toxicity after exposure to APAP overdose, and may contribute to its recovery through a long-term time-dependent response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rivera
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology, Fundación Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Pastor
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Arrabal
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Decara
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio Vargas
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Laura Sánchez-Marín
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J Pavón
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonia Serrano
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Dolores Bautista
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Anna Boronat
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Baixeras
- Departamento de Especialidades Quirúrgicas, Bioquímica e Inmunología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - M Isabel Lucena
- Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando R de Fonseca
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan Suárez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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34
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Garcia-Marchena N, Pavon FJ, Pastor A, Araos P, Pedraz M, Romero-Sanchiz P, Calado M, Suarez J, Castilla-Ortega E, Orio L, Boronat A, Torrens M, Rubio G, de la Torre R, Rodriguez de Fonseca F, Serrano A. Plasma concentrations of oleoylethanolamide and other acylethanolamides are altered in alcohol-dependent patients: effect of length of abstinence. Addict Biol 2017; 22:1366-1377. [PMID: 27212249 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Acylethanolamides are a family of endogenous lipid mediators that are involved in physiological and behavioral processes associated with addiction. Recently, oleoylethanolamide (OEA) has been reported to reduce alcohol intake and relapse in rodents but the contribution of OEA and other acylethanolamides in alcohol addiction in humans is unknown. The present study is aimed to characterize the plasma acylethanolamides in alcohol dependence. Seventy-nine abstinent alcohol-dependent subjects (27 women) recruited from outpatient treatment programs and age-/sex-/body mass-matched healthy volunteers (28 women) were clinically assessed with the diagnostic interview PRISM according to the DSM-IV-TR after blood extraction for quantification of acylethanolamide concentrations in the plasma. Our results indicate that all acylethanolamides were significantly increased in alcohol-dependent patients compared with control subjects (p < 0.001). A logistic model based on these acylethanolamides was developed to distinguish alcohol-dependent patients from controls and included OEA, arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA) and docosatetraenoylethanolamide (DEA), providing a high discriminatory power according to area under the curve [AUC = 0.92 (95%CI: 0.87-0.96), p < 0.001]. Additionally, we found a significant effect of the duration of alcohol abstinence on the concentrations of OEA, AEA and DEA using a regression model (p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively), which was confirmed by a negative correlation (rho = -0.31, -0.40 and -0.44, respectively). However, acylethanolamides were not influenced by the addiction alcohol severity, duration of problematic alcohol use or diagnosis of psychiatric comorbidity. Our results support the preclinical studies and suggest that OEA, AEA and DEA are altered in alcohol-dependence during abstinence and that might act as potential markers for predicting length of alcohol abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Garcia-Marchena
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Spain
| | - Francisco J. Pavon
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Spain
| | - Antoni Pastor
- Grup de Recerca en Farmacología Integrada i Neurociencia de Sistemes, Programa de Recerca en Neurociencia; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Spain
- Department de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Terapeutica, Facultat de Medicina; Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERObn); ISCIII; Spain
| | - Pedro Araos
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Spain
| | - Maria Pedraz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Spain
| | - Pablo Romero-Sanchiz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Spain
| | - Montserrat Calado
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Spain
| | - Juan Suarez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Spain
| | - Estela Castilla-Ortega
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Spain
| | - Laura Orio
- Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología; Universidad Complutense; Spain
| | - Anna Boronat
- Grup de Recerca en Farmacología Integrada i Neurociencia de Sistemes, Programa de Recerca en Neurociencia; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Spain
- Department de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Terapeutica, Facultat de Medicina; Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERObn); ISCIII; Spain
| | - Marta Torrens
- Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Adiccions (INAD) del Parc de Salut MAR; Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
- Department of Psychiatry; Univ Autonoma de Barcelona; Spain
| | - Gabriel Rubio
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Complutense; Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre; Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Grup de Recerca en Farmacología Integrada i Neurociencia de Sistemes, Programa de Recerca en Neurociencia; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERObn); ISCIII; Spain
- Facultat de Ciencies de la Salut i de la Vida; Universidat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF); Spain
| | - Fernando Rodriguez de Fonseca
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Spain
| | - Antonia Serrano
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Spain
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35
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Gouveia-Figueira S, Goldin K, Hashemian SA, Lindberg A, Persson M, Nording ML, Laurell K, Fowler CJ. Plasma levels of the endocannabinoid anandamide, related N-acylethanolamines and linoleic acid-derived oxylipins in patients with migraine. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 120:15-24. [PMID: 28515018 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence that patients with migraine have deficient levels of the endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand anandamide (AEA). It is not known, however, if this is a localised or generalised phenomenon. In the present study, levels of AEA, related N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) and linoleic acid-derived oxylipins have been measured in the blood of 26 healthy women and 38 women with migraine (26 with aura, 12 without aura) who were matched for age and body-mass index. Blood samples were taken on two occasions: the first sample near the start of the menstrual cycle (when present) and the second approximately fourteen days later. For a subset of migraine patients, two additional blood samples were taken, one during a migraine attack and one approximately 1 month later (to be at the same stage in the menstrual cycle, when present). NAEs and oxylipins were measured by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Twenty-nine lipids were quantified, of which 16 were found to have a high reproducibility of measurement. There were no significant differences in the levels of AEA, the related NAEs stearoylethanolamide and oleoylethanolamide or any of the nine linoleic acid-derived oxylipins measured either between migraine patients with vs. without aura, or between controls and migraine patients (after stratification to take into account whether or not the individuals had regular menstruation cycles) in either of the first two samples. Levels of linoleoylethanolamide were lower in the patients with vs. without aura on the second sample but not in the first sample, but the biological importance of this finding is unclear. Due to time-dependent increases in their concentrations ex vivo prior to centrifugation, AEA and oleoylethanolamide levels in the samples collected during migraine attacks were not analysed, but for the other fourteen lipids, there were no significant differences in plasma concentrations during migraine vs. one month later. It is concluded that migraine is not associated with a generalised (as opposed to localised) deficiency in these lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristina Goldin
- Department of Neurology, Östersund Hospital, SE-83183 Östersund, Sweden
| | - Sanaz A Hashemian
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Agneta Lindberg
- Clinical Research Center, Region Jämtland Härjedalen, Östersund Hospital, SE-83183 Östersund, Sweden
| | - Monica Persson
- Clinical Research Center, Region Jämtland Härjedalen, Östersund Hospital, SE-83183 Östersund, Sweden
| | - Malin L Nording
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Katarina Laurell
- Department of Neurology, Östersund Hospital, SE-83183 Östersund, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christopher J Fowler
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden.
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36
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Fanelli F, Mezzullo M, Belluomo I, Di Lallo VD, Baccini M, Ibarra Gasparini D, Casadio E, Mastroroberto M, Vicennati V, Gambineri A, Morselli-Labate AM, Pasquali R, Pagotto U. Plasma 2-arachidonoylglycerol is a biomarker of age and menopause related insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in lean but not in obese men and women. Mol Metab 2017; 6:406-415. [PMID: 28462075 PMCID: PMC5404099 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The endocannabinoid system hypertonicity features obesity. Excess circulating 2-arachidonoylglycerol was variously associated with obesity-related metabolic impairment; however, unstandardized experimental and analytical settings have clouded its usefulness as a dysmetabolism biomarker. We aimed at assessing the influence of body mass index (BMI), menopause in women, and aging in men on 2-arachidonoylglycerol relationship with metabolic parameters. Methods Adult, unmedicated women (premenopausal (preMW): n = 103; menopausal (MW): n = 81) and men (n = 144) were stratified in normal weight (NW; BMI: 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (OW; BMI: 25.0–29.9 kg/m2), and obese (OB; BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) classes. Anthropometric and metabolic parameters were determined. Plasma 2-arachidonoylglycerol was measured by a validated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry assay. Results 2-arachidonoylglycerol level was raised by menopause (P < 0.001) and by obesity in preMW (P < 0.001) and in men (P = 0.019). In the overall cohorts, 2-arachidonoylglycerol displayed BMI-independent relationships with dyslipidemia (preMW, MW and men), insulin resistance (MW and men), and hypertension (men), but not with waist circumference. Within preMW BMI classes, 2-arachidonoylglycerol correlations were found with triglycerides (P = 0.020) and total cholesterol (TC; P = 0.040) in OB women. In MW, 2-arachidonoylglycerol correlation with triglycerides was found in NW (P = 0.001) and OW (P = 0.034), but not in OB class. Moreover, we found 2-arachidonoylglycerol correlations with TC (P = 0.003), glucose (P < 0.001), and HOMA-IR (P = 0.035) specific for NW MW class. In men, 2-arachidonoylglycerol correlated with triglycerides in NW, OW (both P < 0.001), and OB (P = 0.029), with SBP (P = 0.023) and diastolic BP (DBP; P = 0.048) in OB, and with TC (P < 0.001) in OW class. In NW class 2-arachidonoylglycerol correlations were found with insulin (P = 0.003) and HOMA-IR (P = 0.001), both enhanced by aging (both P = 0.004), and with glucose (P = 0.015) and HDL (P = 0.004). Conclusions Plasma 2AG is a biomarker of clustering metabolic dysfunctions, especially in lean men and menopausal women, and could be of help in identifying subjects with elevated cardiometabolic risk despite a healthy anthropometric appearance. Plasma 2AG is a biomarker of dysmetabolism rather than obesity. Menopause is a major determinant of plasma 2AG levels in females. Increased plasma 2AG level features obese premenopausal females and obese males. 2AG is a biomarker of dyslipidemia and insulin resistance in lean menopausal women. 2AG is a biomarker of dyslipidemia and age-related insulin resistance in lean men.
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Key Words
- 1AG, 1-arachidonoylglycerol
- 2-Arachidonoylglycerol
- 2AG, 2-arachidonoylglycerol
- Aging
- BMI, body mass index
- DBP, diastolic blood pressure
- Dysmetabolism
- EC, endocannabinoid
- ECS, endocannabinoid system
- Endocannabinoid system
- HDL, high density lipoprotein
- HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance
- Int, interaction
- LC-MS/MS, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
- Menopause
- NW, normal weight
- OB, obese
- OW, overweight
- Obesity
- SBP, systolic blood pressure
- SD, standard deviation
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaminia Fanelli
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Marco Mezzullo
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Belluomo
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Valentina Diana Di Lallo
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Margherita Baccini
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Daniela Ibarra Gasparini
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Elena Casadio
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Marianna Mastroroberto
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Valentina Vicennati
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Gambineri
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Antonio Maria Morselli-Labate
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Renato Pasquali
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Uberto Pagotto
- Endocrinology Unit and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
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Dócs K, Mészár Z, Gonda S, Kiss-Szikszai A, Holló K, Antal M, Hegyi Z. The Ratio of 2-AG to Its Isomer 1-AG as an Intrinsic Fine Tuning Mechanism of CB1 Receptor Activation. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:39. [PMID: 28265242 PMCID: PMC5316530 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoids are pleiotropic lipid messengers that play pro-homeostatic role in cellular physiology by strongly influencing intracellular Ca2+ concentration through the activation of cannabinoid receptors. One of the best-known endocannabinoid ‘2-AG’ is chemically unstable in aqueous solutions, thus its molecular rearrangement, resulting in the formation of 1-AG, may influence 2-AG-mediated signaling depending on the relative concentration and potency of the two isomers. To predict whether this molecular rearrangement may be relevant in physiological processes and in experiments with 2-AG, here we studied if isomerization of 2-AG has an impact on 2-AG-induced, CB1-mediated Ca2+ signaling in vitro. We found that the isomerization-dependent drop in effective 2-AG concentration caused only a weak diminution of Ca2+ signaling in CB1 transfected COS7 cells. We also found that 1-AG induces Ca2+ transients through the activation of CB1, but its working concentration is threefold higher than that of 2-AG. Decreasing the concentration of 2-AG in parallel to the prevention of 1-AG formation by rapid preparation of 2-AG solutions, caused a significant diminution of Ca2+ signals. However, various mixtures of the two isomers in a fix total concentration – mimicking the process of isomerization over time – attenuated the drop in 2-AG potency, resulting in a minor decrease in CB1 mediated Ca2+ transients. Our results indicate that release of 2-AG into aqueous medium is accompanied by its isomerization, resulting in a drop of 2-AG concentration and simultaneous formation of the similarly bioactive isomer 1-AG. Thus, the relative concentration of the two isomers with different potency and efficacy may influence CB1 activation and the consequent biological responses. In addition, our results suggest that 1-AG may play role in stabilizing the strength of cannabinoid signal in case of prolonged 2-AG dependent cannabinoid mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Dócs
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Mészár
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sándor Gonda
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of Debrecen Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Kiss-Szikszai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Debrecen Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Holló
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Miklós Antal
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Hegyi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen Debrecen, Hungary
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38
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Kantae V, Ogino S, Noga M, Harms AC, van Dongen RM, Onderwater GLJ, van den Maagdenberg AMJM, Terwindt GM, van der Stelt M, Ferrari MD, Hankemeier T. Quantitative profiling of endocannabinoids and related N-acylethanolamines in human CSF using nano LC-MS/MS. J Lipid Res 2016; 58:615-624. [PMID: 27999147 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d070433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoids, a class of lipid messengers, have emerged as crucial regulators of synaptic communication in the CNS. Dysregulation of these compounds has been implicated in many brain disorders. Although some studies have identified and quantified a limited number of target compounds, a method that provides comprehensive quantitative information on endocannabinoids and related N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is currently lacking, as measurements are challenging due to low concentrations under normal physiological conditions. Here we developed and validated a high-throughput nano LC-ESI-MS/MS platform for the simultaneous quantification of endocannabinoids (anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol), ten related NAEs, and eight additional putatively annotated NAEs in human CSF. Requiring only 200 μl of CSF, our method has limits of detection from 0.28 to 61.2 pM with precisions of relative SD <15% for most compounds. We applied our method to CSF from 45 healthy humans and demonstrated potential age and gender effects on concentrations of endocannabinoids and NAEs. Notably, our results show that docosahexaenoylethanolamide concentrations increase with age in males. Our method may offer new opportunities to gain insight into regulatory functions of endocannabinoids in the context of (ab)normal brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudev Kantae
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Shinji Ogino
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marek Noga
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Amy C Harms
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robin M van Dongen
- Departments of Neurology Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Arn M J M van den Maagdenberg
- Departments of Neurology Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gisela M Terwindt
- Departments of Neurology Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mario van der Stelt
- Department of Bioorganic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michel D Ferrari
- Departments of Neurology Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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39
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Pastor A, Fernández-Aranda F, Fitó M, Jiménez-Murcia S, Botella C, Fernández-Real JM, Frühbeck G, Tinahones FJ, Fagundo AB, Rodriguez J, Agüera Z, Langohr K, Casanueva FF, de la Torre R. A Lower Olfactory Capacity Is Related to Higher Circulating Concentrations of Endocannabinoid 2-Arachidonoylglycerol and Higher Body Mass Index in Women. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148734. [PMID: 26849214 PMCID: PMC4746072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid (eCB) system can promote food intake by increasing odor detection in mice. The eCB system is over-active in human obesity. Our aim is to measure circulating eCB concentrations and olfactory capacity in a human sample that includes people with obesity and explore the possible interaction between olfaction, obesity and the eCB system. The study sample was made up of 161 females with five groups of body mass index sub-categories ranging from under-weight to morbidly obese. We assessed olfactory capacity with the "Sniffin´Sticks" test, which measures olfactory threshold-discrimination-identification (TDI) capacity. We measured plasma concentrations of the eCBs 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and N-arachidonoylethanolamine or anandamide (AEA), and several eCB-related compounds, 2-acylglycerols and N-acylethanolamines. 2-AG and other 2-acylglycerols fasting plasma circulating plasma concentrations were higher in obese and morbidly obese subjects. AEA and other N-acylethanolamine circulating concentrations were lower in under-weight subjects. Olfactory TDI scores were lower in obese and morbidly obese subjects. Lower TDI scores were independently associated with higher 2-AG fasting plasma circulating concentrations, higher %body fat, and higher body mass index, after controlling for age, smoking, menstruation, and use of contraceptives. Our results show that obese subjects have a lower olfactory capacity than non-obese ones and that elevated fasting plasma circulating 2-AG concentrations in obesity are linked to a lower olfactory capacity. In agreement with previous studies we show that eCBs AEA and 2-AG, and their respective congeners have a distinct profile in relation to body mass index. The present report is the first study in humans in which olfactory capacity and circulating eCB concentrations have been measured in the same subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Pastor
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neuroscience Research Program, IMIM (Hospital de Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Botella
- Department of Basic Psychology, Clinic and Psychobiology, University Jaume I, Castelló, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M. Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdlBGi), Hospital Dr Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Tinahones
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de Victoria, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B. Fagundo
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Rodriguez
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neuroscience Research Program, IMIM (Hospital de Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zaida Agüera
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Klaus Langohr
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neuroscience Research Program, IMIM (Hospital de Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felipe F. Casanueva
- Endocrine Division, Complejo Hospitalario U. de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela University, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neuroscience Research Program, IMIM (Hospital de Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Garst C, Fulmer M, Thewke D, Brown S. Optimized extraction of 2-arachidonyl glycerol and anandamide from aortic tissue and plasma for quantification by LC-MS/MS. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015; 118:814-820. [PMID: 27274705 DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201500115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a disease characterized by plaque formation due to an accumulation of fat, cholesterol, and immune cells in the walls of arteries. If a plaque ruptures, an occlusive thrombosis may form that causes either a heart attack or stroke. Macrophages express CB-2 receptors, and are one type of immune cell that plays a role in plaque destabilization and rupture. Endocannabinoids anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonyl glycerol (2-AG) have been found to have activity on CB-1 and CB-2 receptors throughout the body and immune system. In this study, we investigated several sample preparation options for the LC-MS quantification of AEA and 2-AG from plasma and aortic tissue. The extractions considered included liquid-liquid (LLE), solid-phase (SPE), and supported liquid (SLE). Some extraction protocols yielded high analyte recovery and prevention of 1-AG/2-AG isomerization. Our results indicate that a liquid-liquid extraction using toluene yields the highest recovery for both analytes, coupled with low ionization suppression in the mass spectrometer. This extraction and corresponding LC-MS/MS assay provides a simple, high throughput mechanism for the quantification of 2-AG and AEA in matrices relevant to the study of endocannabinoids' role in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Garst
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Makenzie Fulmer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Doug Thewke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Stacy Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
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41
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Astarita G, Kendall AC, Dennis EA, Nicolaou A. Targeted lipidomic strategies for oxygenated metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2015; 1851:456-68. [PMID: 25486530 PMCID: PMC4323855 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) through enzymatic or non-enzymatic free radical-mediated reactions can yield an array of lipid metabolites including eicosanoids, octadecanoids, docosanoids and related species. In mammals, these oxygenated PUFA mediators play prominent roles in the physiological and pathological regulation of many key biological processes in the cardiovascular, renal, reproductive and other systems including their pivotal contribution to inflammation. Mass spectrometry-based technology platforms have revolutionized our ability to analyze the complex mixture of lipid mediators found in biological samples, with increased numbers of metabolites that can be simultaneously quantified from a single sample in few analytical steps. The recent development of high-sensitivity and high-throughput analytical tools for lipid mediators affords a broader view of these oxygenated PUFA species, and facilitates research into their role in health and disease. In this review, we illustrate current analytical approaches for a high-throughput lipidomic analysis of eicosanoids and related mediators in biological samples. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Oxygenated metabolism of PUFA: analysis and biological relevance."
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Astarita
- Waters Corporation, Milford, MA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Alexandra C Kendall
- Manchester Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Edward A Dennis
- Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0601, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0601, USA
| | - Anna Nicolaou
- Manchester Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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42
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Rivera P, Bindila L, Pastor A, Pérez-Martín M, Pavón FJ, Serrano A, de la Torre R, Lutz B, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Suárez J. Pharmacological blockade of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) alters neural proliferation, apoptosis and gliosis in the rat hippocampus, hypothalamus and striatum in a negative energy context. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:98. [PMID: 25870539 PMCID: PMC4375993 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoids participate in the control of neurogenesis, neural cell death and gliosis. The pharmacological effect of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor URB597, which limits the endocannabinoid degradation, was investigated in the present study. Cell proliferation (phospho-H3+ or BrdU+ cells) of the main adult neurogenic zones as well as apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3+), astroglia (GFAP+), and microglia (Iba1+ cells) were analyzed in the hippocampus, hypothalamus and striatum of rats intraperitoneally treated with URB597 (0.3 mg/kg/day) at one dose/4-days resting or 5 doses (1 dose/day). Repeated URB597 treatment increased the plasma levels of the N-acylethanolamines oleoylethanolamide, palmitoylethanolamide and arachidonoylethanolamine, reduced the plasma levels of glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol, and induced a transitory body weight decrease. The hippocampi of repeated URB597-treated rats showed a reduced number of phospho-H3+ and BrdU+ subgranular cells as well as GFAP+, Iba1+ and cleaved caspase-3+ cells, which was accompanied with decreased hippocampal expression of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor gene Cnr1 and Faah. In the hypothalami of these rats, the number of phospho-H3+, GFAP+ and 3-weeks-old BrdU+ cells was specifically decreased. The reduced striatal expression of CB1 receptor in repeated URB597-treated rats was only associated with a reduced apoptosis. In contrast, the striatum of acute URB597-treated rats showed an increased number of subventricular proliferative, astroglial and apoptotic cells, which was accompanied with increased Faah expression. Main results indicated that FAAH inhibitor URB597 decreased neural proliferation, glia and apoptosis in a brain region-dependent manner, which were coupled to local changes in Faah and/or Cnr1 expression and a negative energy context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rivera
- UGC Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga Málaga, Spain ; CIBER OBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Bindila
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz Mainz, Germany
| | - Antoni Pastor
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mediques Barcelona, Spain ; Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margarita Pérez-Martín
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J Pavón
- UGC Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga Málaga, Spain ; CIBER OBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonia Serrano
- UGC Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga Málaga, Spain ; CIBER OBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- CIBER OBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mediques Barcelona, Spain ; Facultat de Ciencies de la Salut i de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF) Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beat Lutz
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz Mainz, Germany
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- UGC Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga Málaga, Spain ; CIBER OBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Suárez
- UGC Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga-Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga Málaga, Spain ; CIBER OBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain
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