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Law HG, Stanhope KL, Zhang W, Myagmarsuren M, Jamshed ZM, Khan MA, Bang H, Havel PJ, Berglund L, Enkhmaa B. Lipoprotein(a) and diet: consuming sugar-sweetened beverages lowers lipoprotein(a) levels in obese and overweight adults. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100588. [PMID: 38969065 PMCID: PMC11345294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] contributes to cardiovascular disease risk. A genetically determined size polymorphism in apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)], determined by the number of Kringle (K) repeats, inversely regulates Lp(a) levels. Nongenetic factors including dietary saturated fat influence Lp(a) levels. However, less is known about the effects of carbohydrates including dietary sugars. In this double-blind, parallel arm study among 32 overweight/obese adults, we investigated the effect of consuming glucose- or fructose-sweetened beverages providing 25% of energy requirements for 10 weeks on Lp(a) level and assessed the role of the apo(a) size polymorphism. The mean (±SD) age of participants was 54 ± 8 years, 50% were women, and 75% were of European descent. Following the 10-week intervention, Lp(a) level was reduced by an average (±SEM) of -13.2% ± 4.3% in all participants (P = 0.005); -15.3% ± 7.8% in the 15 participants who consumed glucose (P = 0.07); and -11.3% ± 4.5% in the 17 participants who consumed fructose (P = 0.02), without any significant difference in the effect between the two sugar groups. Relative changes in Lp(a) levels were similar across subgroups of lower versus higher baseline Lp(a) level or carrier versus noncarrier of an atherogenic small (≤22K) apo(a) size. In contrast, LDL-C increased. In conclusion, in older, overweight/obese adults, consuming sugar-sweetened beverages reduced Lp(a) levels by ∼13% independently of apo(a) size variability and the type of sugar consumed. The Lp(a) response was opposite to that of LDL-C and triglyceride concentrations. These findings suggest that metabolic pathways might impact Lp(a) levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley G Law
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kimber L Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Zahraa M Jamshed
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Muhammad A Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Heejung Bang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lars Berglund
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Byambaa Enkhmaa
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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Endo K, Kobayashi R, Tanaka M, Tanaka M, Akiyama Y, Sato T, Hosaka I, Nakata K, Koyama M, Ohnishi H, Takahashi S, Furuhashi M. Validation of Estimated Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentration in a Japanese General Population. J Atheroscler Thromb 2024; 31:931-952. [PMID: 38171805 PMCID: PMC11150720 DOI: 10.5551/jat.64578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM A high level of directly measured small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) is a strong risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. A method for estimating sdLDL-C by using Sampson's equation that includes levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), non-HDL-C and triglycerides (TG) has recently been proposed. We investigated the validation and exploration of estimated sdLDL-C level. METHODS The associations between measured and estimated sdLDL-C levels were investigated in 605 Japanese subjects (men/women: 280/325; mean age: 65±15 years) who received annual health check-ups in the Tanno-Sobetsu Study, a population-based cohort. RESULTS Estimated sdLDL-C level was highly correlated with measured sdLDL-C level in all subjects (R2=0.701), nondiabetic subjects without any medication (n=254, R2=0.686) and subjects with diabetes mellitus (n=128, R2=0.721). Multivariable regression analysis showed that levels of non-HDL-C, TG and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γGTP) were independent predictors of measured sdLDL-C level. In a stratification of the LDL window, all of the subjects with a combination of high non-HDL-C (≥ 170 mg/dL) and high TG (≥ 150 mg/dL) had high levels of measured and estimated sdLDL-C (≥ 35 mg/dL). Furthermore, machine learning-based estimation of sdLDL-C level by artificial intelligence software, Prediction One, was substantially improved by using components of Sampson's equation (R2=0.803) and by using those components with the addition of γGTP and deletion of TC (R2=0.929). CONCLUSIONS sdLDL-C level estimated by Sampson's equation can be used instead of measured sdLDL-C level in general practice. By building multiple machine learning models of artificial intelligence, a more accurate and practical estimation of sdLDL-C level might be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Endo
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryo Kobayashi
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Makito Tanaka
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Marenao Tanaka
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yukinori Akiyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Signal Transduction, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Itaru Hosaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kei Nakata
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Koyama
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Ohnishi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masato Furuhashi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Mokhtari Ardekani A, Kharazinejad E, Ghasemi E, Ghasemi H, Soltani R. Circulating afamin positively correlated with the miR-122 expression and type 2 diabetes mellitus-related phenotype according to the duration of diabetes. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28053. [PMID: 38560140 PMCID: PMC10979149 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Afamin is a hepatokine that involves in glucose and lipids metabolism. miR-122 is mainly expressed in liver and involves in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. This study aimed at investigating the circulating afamin, its correlation with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and miR-122 gene expression in T2DM patients and healthy control subjects according to the duration of diabetes. Methods This case-control study included 220 participants, with 100 individuals serving as controls and 120 individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The miR-122 gene expression was assessed using real-time PCR. The serum concentration of biochemical parameters such as glucose levels, lipid profile, and small-dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) were measured using colorimetric kits. Circulating afamin and insulin levels were assayed using an ELISA kit. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured using capillary electrophoresis. Results Circulating afamin level was significantly higher in T2DM patients compared to the control group, (73.8 ± 10.8 vs. 65.9 ± 8.7, respectively; P < 0.001). Similarly, miR122 expression was significantly increased in T2DM patients compared to healthy control subjects (4.24 ± 2.01 vs. 1.00 ± 0.85, respectively; P < 0.001). Among patients diagnosed with T2DM, those with longstanding diabetes (>5 years) exhibited significantly higher levels of circulating afamin and miR-122 expression compared to individuals with a shorter duration of diabetes (≤5 years) (P < 0.05). Circulating afamin levels were significantly correlated with waist circumference, small-dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL), fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, resistance to insulin, and miR-122 expression, depending on the duration of the disease (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the performance of afamin as a diagnostic marker for T2DM was confirmed through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, yielding an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.7 (P < 0.001). Conclusions Circulating afamin involved in the T2DM-related complications and its concentration is positively correlated to the miR-122 expression, especially in patient with longstanding diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abnoos Mokhtari Ardekani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Science & Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Rahmatollah Soltani
- Clinical Education Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Chou TH, Cheng CH, Lo CJ, Young GH, Liu SH, Wang RYL. New Advances in Rapid Pretreatment for Small Dense LDL Cholesterol Measurement Using Shear Horizontal Surface Acoustic Wave (SH-SAW) Technology. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1044. [PMID: 38256117 PMCID: PMC10816817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the arteries associated with alterations in lipid and other metabolism and is a major cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). LDL consists of several subclasses with different sizes, densities, and physicochemical compositions. Small dense LDL (sd-LDL) is a subclass of LDL. There is growing evidence that sd-LDL-C is associated with CVD risk, metabolic dysregulation, and several pathophysiological processes. In this study, we present a straightforward membrane device filtration method that can be performed with simple laboratory methods to directly determine sd-LDL in serum without the need for specialized equipment. The method consists of three steps: first, the precipitation of lipoproteins with magnesium harpin; second, the collection of effluent from a 100 nm filter; and third, the quantification of sd-LDL-ApoB in the effluent with an SH-SAW biosensor. There was a good correlation between ApoB values obtained using the centrifugation (y = 1.0411x + 12.96, r = 0.82, n = 20) and filtration (y = 1.0633x + 15.13, r = 0.88, n = 20) methods and commercially available sd-LDL-C assay values. In addition to the filtrate method, there was also a close correlation between sd-LDL-C and ELISA assay values (y = 1.0483x - 4489, r = 0.88, n = 20). The filtration treatment method also showed a high correlation with LDL subfractions and NMR spectra ApoB measurements (y = 2.4846x + 4.637, r = 0.89, n = 20). The presence of sd-LDL-ApoB in the effluent was also confirmed by ELISA assay. These results suggest that this filtration method is a simple and promising pretreatment for use with the SH-SAW biosensor as a rapid in vitro diagnostic (IVD) method for predicting sd-LDL concentrations. Overall, we propose a very sensitive and specific SH-SAW biosensor with the ApoB antibody in its sensitive region to monitor sd-LDL levels by employing a simple delay-time phase shifted SH-SAW device. In conclusion, based on the demonstration of our study, the SH-SAW biosensor could be a strong candidate for the future measurement of sd-LDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Hua Chou
- Biotechnology Industry Master and PhD Program, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (T.-H.C.); (G.-H.Y.)
| | - Chia-Hsuan Cheng
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu-shi 432-8561, Japan;
- tst Biomedical Electronics Co., Ltd., Taoyuan 324403, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jen Lo
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Huar Young
- Biotechnology Industry Master and PhD Program, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (T.-H.C.); (G.-H.Y.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Heng Liu
- Biotechnology Industry Master and PhD Program, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (T.-H.C.); (G.-H.Y.)
- tst Biomedical Electronics Co., Ltd., Taoyuan 324403, Taiwan
| | - Robert Y-L Wang
- Biotechnology Industry Master and PhD Program, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (T.-H.C.); (G.-H.Y.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial and Children’s Hospital, Linkou 33305, Taiwan
- Kidney Research Center and Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 33305, Taiwan
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Derosa G, Rizzo M, Brunetti ND, Raddino R, Gavazzoni M, Pasini G, Gaudio G, Maggi A, D'Angelo A, De Gennaro L, Maffioli P. ORal anticoaGulants in diAbetic and Nondiabetic patients with nOn-valvular atrial fibrillatioN (ORGANON). J Diabetes Complications 2023; 37:108512. [PMID: 37390799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes represents a pro-thrombotic condition. OBJECTIVES The primary objective was to evaluate the effects of Vitamin K Antagonist (VKA) compared to direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation, newly diagnosed. The secondary objective was to evaluate the effects on the risk of bleeding. METHODS We enrolled 300 patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation. One hundred and sixteen patients were taking warfarin, 31 acenocumarol, 22 dabigatran, 80 rivaroxaban, 34 apixaban, and 17 edoxaban. We evaluated: anthropometric parameters, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting and post-prandial glucose (FPG, and PPG), lipid profile, Lp(a), small and dense low-density lipoprotein (SD-LDL), oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL), I-troponin (I-Tn), creatinine, transaminases, iron, red blood cells (RBC); hemoglobin (Hb), platelets (PLT), fibrinogen, D-dimer, anti-thrombin III, C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP), Metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2), Metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9), and incidence of bleeding. RESULTS We did not record any differences among nondiabetic patients between VKA and DOACs. However, when we considered diabetic patients, we found a slight, but significant improvement of triglycerides and SD-LDL. As regards incidence of bleeding, minor bleeding was more frequent in VKA diabetic group compared to DOACs diabetic group; furthermore, the incidence of major bleeding was higher with VKA in nondiabetic and diabetic group, compared to patients with DOACs. Among DOACs, we recorded a higher incidence of bleeding (minor and major) with dabigatran compared to rivaroxaban, apixaban and edoxaban in nondiabetic and diabetic patients. CONCLUSION DOACs seem to be metabolically favourable in diabetic patients. Regarding incidence of bleeding, DOACs with the exception of dabigatran, seem better than VKA in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Derosa
- Centre of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Raddino
- Cardiology Department, University of Brescia, Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mara Gavazzoni
- Cardiology Department, University of Brescia, Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pasini
- Cardiologic Unit, Presidio Ospedaliero di Gavardo, Gavardo, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gaudio
- Internal Medicine Division, Ospedale Angelo Bellini, Somma Lombardo, Varese, Italy
| | - Antonio Maggi
- Cardiologic Unit, Poliambulanza Foundation, Brescia, Italy
| | - Angela D'Angelo
- Centre of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Pamela Maffioli
- Centre of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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Khandouzi N, Zahedmehr A, Asadian S, Nasrollahzadeh J. Effects of olive oil and flaxseed consumption in a healthy diet on endothelial function, plasma lipids and inflammatory factors of patients with coronary heart disease: a randomized clinical trial. Coron Artery Dis 2023; 34:332-340. [PMID: 37335239 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0000000000001259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A healthy lifestyle, including a healthy diet has been associated with an improvement in cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of olive oil and flaxseed consumption as part of a healthy diet on endothelial function, plasma inflammatory factors, and lipid profile in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). METHOD This randomized nonblinded trial was performed on CHD patients. In the control group, participants received general heart-healthy dietary recommendations while in the intervention group, in addition to these recommendations, the participants consumed 25 ml of olive oil and 30 g of flaxseeds daily for 3 months. At baseline and after 3 months, changes in brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD), plasma asymmetric dimethyl arginine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and lipids and lipoproteins were measured. RESULTS A total of 50 patients finished the trial ( n = 24 in the intervention and n = 26 in the control groups). Compared to the control group, consumption of flaxseed and olive oil significantly improved brachial artery FMD%, and reduced plasma IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, total cholesterol, and tended to reduce hs-CRP, and non-HDL-cholesterol but the concentration of other study indices were not different between the two groups. CONCLUSION Inclusion of olive oil and flaxseed in the diet of CHD patients may contribute to secondary prevention by improving endothelial function and plasma inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Khandouzi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
| | | | - Sanaz Asadian
- Department of Radiology, Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical & Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Nasrollahzadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
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Torikai H, Chen MH, Jin L, He J, Angle JF, Shi W. Atherogenesis in Apoe-/- and Ldlr-/- Mice with a Genetically Resistant Background. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091255. [PMID: 37174655 PMCID: PMC10177018 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoe-deficient (Apoe-/-) and Ldlr-deficient (Ldlr-/-) mice are two common animal models of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. The two models differ in lipid and glucose metabolism and other mechanisms involved in atherogenesis. Here we examined atherosclerotic lesion formation in the two models with an atherosclerosis-resistant C3H/HeJ (C3H) background. 3-month-old C3H-Ldlr-/- and C3H-Apoe-/- mice developed minimal atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic root when fed a chow diet. After 12 weeks on a Western diet, C3H-Ldlr-/- mice developed 3-fold larger lesions than C3H-Apoe-/- mice in the aortic root (127,386 ± 13,439 vs. 41,542 ± 5075 μm2/section; p = 0.00028), but neither knockout formed any lesion in the carotid artery. After being ligated near its bifurcation, the common carotid artery developed intimal lesions in both knockouts 4 weeks after ligation, significantly larger in C3H-Ldlr-/- than C3H-Apoe-/- mice (68,721 ± 2706 vs. 47,472 ± 8146 μm2/section; p = 0.028). Compared to C3H-Apoe-/- mice, C3H-Ldlr-/- mice showed a 50% reduction in plasma MCP-1 levels, similar levels of malondialdehyde, an oxidative stress biomarker, on both chow and Western diets, but higher small dense LDL levels on the Western diet. These results suggest a more significant role for small dense LDL than inflammation and oxidative stress in the different susceptibility of the mouse models to atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Torikai
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Mei-Hua Chen
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Li Jin
- Orthopedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - John F Angle
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Weibin Shi
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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miR-122 dysregulation is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus-induced dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia independently of its rs17669 variant. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:4217-4224. [PMID: 36899278 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08344-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND miR-122 is a liver specific micro-RNA that participates in the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. The rs17669 variant of miR-122 is positioned at the flanking region of miR-122 and may affect its stability and maturation. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the association of the rs17669 polymorphism with the miR-122 circulating level, risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) development, and biochemical parameters in T2DM patients and matched healthy controls. METHODS AND RESULTS This study involved 295 subjects (controls: n = 145 and T2DM: n = 150). The rs17669 variant genotyping was done by ARMS-PCR. Serum biochemical parameters including lipid profile, small-dense low density lipoprotein (sdLDL) and glucose were measured by colorimetric kits. Insulin and Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were assayed using ELISA and capillary electrophoresis methods, respectively. miR-122 expression was measured by real-time PCR. There was no significant difference between study groups in terms of allele and genotype distribution (P > 0.05). The rs17669 variant did not have any significant association with miR-122 gene expression and biochemical parameters (P > 0.05). miR-122 expression level in T2DM patients was significantly higher than that in control subjects (5.7 ± 2.4 vs. 1.4 ± 0.78) (P < 0.001). Furthermore, miR-122 fold change had a positive and significant correlation with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), sdLDL, fasting blood sugar (FBS), and insulin resistance (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION It can be concluded that the rs17669 variant of miR-122 is not associated with the miR-122 expression and T2DM-associated serum parameters. Furthermore, it can be suggested that miR-122 dysregulation is involved in T2DM development through inducing dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and resistance to insulin.
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Schaefer EJ, Ikezaki H, Diffenderfer MR, Lim E, Liu CT, Hoogeveen RC, Guan W, Tsai MY, Ballantyne CM. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk and small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in men, women, African Americans and non-African Americans: The pooling project. Atherosclerosis 2023; 367:15-23. [PMID: 36724690 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Elevated small dense low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (sdLDL-C) has been reported to be associated with increased atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. Our aims were to determine whether direct and calculated sdLDL-C were significant independent ASCVD risk factors in sex and race subgroups. METHODS In a total of 15,933 participants free of ASCVD at baseline (median age 62 years, 56.7% female, 19.7% African American) fasting plasma lipids and sdLDL-C were measured by standardized automated methods. All subjects were followed for 10 years for incident ASCVD, which developed in 9.7% of subjects. SdLDL-C values were also calculated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to assess for independent associations with incident ASCVD after adjustment for all standard risk factors. RESULTS All standard risk factors were significantly associated with incident ASCVD on univariate analysis, as were direct and calculated sdLDL-C. These latter parameters were also significant when added to the pooled cohort risk equation. However, associations were significantly stronger for direct sdLDL-C and were not significant for calculated values once direct values were in the model. In contrast to calculated values, top quartile direct sdLDL-C was significantly independently associated with incident ASCVD versus bottom quartile values in all subjects and subgroups, except African Americans (hazard ratios ≥1.50, p < 0.01). Subjects with direct values ≥ 50 mg/dL versus <25 mg/dL had significantly higher independent ASCVD risk in all groups (hazard ratios >1.49, all p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Having a direct small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol value ≥ 50 mg/dL is a significant independent ASCVD risk-enhancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernst J Schaefer
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Boston Heart Diagnostics, Framingham, MA, USA.
| | - Hiroaki Ikezaki
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margaret R Diffenderfer
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Boston Heart Diagnostics, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Elise Lim
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; The Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; The Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Ron C Hoogeveen
- Cardiovascular Research Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Weihua Guan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael Y Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Christie M Ballantyne
- Cardiovascular Research Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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10
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Yalameha B, Birjandi M, Nouryazdan N, Nasri H, Shahsavari G. Association between the FABP2 Ala54Thr and CRP+1059C/G polymorphisms and small dense LDL level in patients with atherosclerosis: a case-control study. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:246-252. [PMID: 32970496 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1817097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The polymorphisms of fatty acid-binding protein 2 (FABP2) and C-reactive protein (CRP) might act as genetic risk factors for atherosclerosis. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between FABP2 Ala54Thr and CRP+1059C/G polymorphisms and atherosclerosis as well as the association of Small dense-LDL (sd-LDL). METHODS A total of 255 subjects (125 controls and 130 patients) were included. The FABP2 and CRP polymorphisms were determined by PCR-RFLP and AS-PCR methods, respectively. Sd-LDL was measured based on Hirano et al method. RESULTS There were no significant distinctions between the patient and control groups concerning FABP2 and CRP polymorphisms (p > .05). No significant relationship was observed between studied polymorphisms and sd-LDL level in the patient group (p > .05). However, patients group had higher level of sd-LDL compared to controls (p < .05). CONCLUSION FABP2 Ala54Thr and CRP+1059G/C polymorphisms were not associated with atherosclerosis and sd-LDL level. However, the increased sd-LDL level was known as a risk factor for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banafsheh Yalameha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Birjandi
- Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Negar Nouryazdan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Hamid Nasri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Shahsavari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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11
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Pencina KM, Pencina MJ, Lawler PR, Engert JC, Dufresne L, Ridker PM, Thanassoulis G, Mora S, Sniderman AD. Interplay of Atherogenic Particle Number and Particle Size and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease. Clin Chem 2023; 69:48-55. [PMID: 36331823 PMCID: PMC10833272 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvac172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the interplay of apolipoprotein B (apoB) and LDL particle size, approximated by the LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C)/apoB ratio, on the risk of new-onset coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS Participants without cardiovascular disease from the UK Biobank (UKB; n = 308 182), the Women's Health Study (WHS; n = 26 204), and the Framingham Heart Study (FHS; n = 2839) were included. Multivariable Cox models were used to assess the relationship between apoB and LDL-C/apoB ratio and incidence of CHD (14 994 events). Our analyses were adjusted for age, sex (except WHS), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive treatment, diabetes, and smoking. RESULTS In all 3 studies, there was a strong positive correlation between apoB and LDL-C (correlation coefficients r = 0.80 or higher) and a weak inverse correlation of apoB with LDL-C/apoB ratio (-0.28 ≤ r ≤ -0.14). For all 3 cohorts, CHD risk was higher for higher levels of apoB. Upon multivariable adjustment, the association between apoB and new-onset CHD remained robust and statistically significant in all 3 cohorts with hazard ratios per 1 SD (95% CI): 1.24 (1.22-1.27), 1.33 (1.20-1.47), and 1.24 (1.09-1.42) for UKB, WHS, and FHS, respectively. However, the association between LDL-C/apoB and CHD was statistically significant only in the FHS cohort: 0.78 (0.64-0.94). CONCLUSIONS Our analysis confirms that apoB is a strong risk factor for CHD. However, given the null association in 2 of the 3 studies, we cannot confirm that cholesterol-depleted LDL particles are substantially more atherogenic than cholesterol-replete particles. These results lend further support to routine measurement of apoB in clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol M. Pencina
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael J. Pencina
- North Carolina Department of Laboratory Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, DCRI, Durham, NC 27614, USA
| | - Patrick R. Lawler
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - James C. Engert
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Line Dufresne
- Mike and Valeria Rosenbloom Centre for Cardiovascular Prevention, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - George Thanassoulis
- Mike and Valeria Rosenbloom Centre for Cardiovascular Prevention, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Samia Mora
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics, Division of Preventive Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Allan D. Sniderman
- Mike and Valeria Rosenbloom Centre for Cardiovascular Prevention, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
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12
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Hayashi T, Ai M, Goto S, Nakamura M, Nagaike H, Suzuki R, Abe Y, Ohta M, Ito Y, Hirano T. Circadian Rhythm of Subspecies of Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol and High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol in Healthy Subjects and Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. J Atheroscler Thromb 2023; 30:3-14. [PMID: 35249932 PMCID: PMC9899707 DOI: 10.5551/jat.63383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS We established automated assay kits for quantifying small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL)-cholesterol (C), LDL-triglyceride (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)3-C, and apolipoprotein (apo)E-rich HDL-C, and these have been recognized as sensitive biomarkers for predicting coronary artery disease. We investigated the circadian rhythms of these novel lipids to determine if fasting is required to determine basal levels. METHODS Forty-eight inpatients with type 2 diabetes and 19 healthy volunteers were studied. Blood samples were collected at seven time points, which were obtained after an overnight fast, before and 2 h after each meal, and before the next breakfast. sdLDL-C, LDL-TG, remnant-like particle (RLP)-C, TG-rich lipoprotein (TRL-C), HDL3-C, and apoE-rich HDL-C were measured by the homogeneous methods. NonHDL-C, large buoyant (lb)LDL-C and HDL2-C were calculated by subtracting sdLDL-C from LDL-C or HDL3-C from HDL-C, respectively. RESULTS Serum TG levels were significantly increased after meals in both healthy participants and patients with diabetes. RLP-C and TRL-C were also increased postprandially. LDL-TG, LDL-C, nonHDL-C, HDL2,3-C, and apoE-rich HDL-C did not exhibit significant fluctuation during the day in healthy participants and patients with diabetes. sdLDL-C was slightly increased postprandially in subjects with diabetes (1-2 mg/dl, 3%-9%), though its increase was not significant compared to the baseline (fasting) level. Significant postprandial reduction was observed with LDL-C and lbLDL-C. There was no influence of statin therapy or oral anti-diabetes drugs on the circadian rhythm of LDL-C subspecies. CONCLUSIONS Subtle postprandial increase in sdLDL-C is considered a negligible level in general clinical practice. Fasting is not mandatory to measure basal concentrations of LDL and HDL subspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Hayashi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa University School of Medicine. Tokyo, Japan,Yurakubashi Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masumi Ai
- Department of Insured Medical Care Management, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Goto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa University School of Medicine. Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marie Nakamura
- Department of Insured Medical Care Management, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan,Koshigaya Laketown Clinic, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroe Nagaike
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa University School of Medicine. Tokyo, Japan
| | - Risa Suzuki
- Department of Family Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuko Abe
- Department of Insured Medical Care Management, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan,Department of Internal Medicine, Yokufukai Hospital, Social Welfare Foundation Yokufukai, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoko Ohta
- Vaccine & Diagnostic R&D Department, Denka Co., Ltd., Niigata, Japan
| | - Yasuki Ito
- Vaccine & Diagnostic R&D Department, Denka Co., Ltd., Niigata, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Hirano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa University School of Medicine. Tokyo, Japan,Diabetes Center, Ebina General Hospital Kawaharaguchi, Kanagawa, Japan
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13
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Yoshino H, Matsumoto T, Yoshino G. Influence of Metabolic Syndrome on Small, Dense LDL, and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Older Subjects. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2023; 9:23337214231179847. [PMID: 37324641 PMCID: PMC10262642 DOI: 10.1177/23337214231179847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is known as one of the important risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). We explore whether an association of metabolic syndrome (Met-S) increases subclinical atherosclerosis among elderly diabetic subjects estimating the plaque score (PS) of the carotid artery. A total of 187 subjects were enrolled. Middle-aged and older groups were divided into two groups. T-test and Chi-square test were also employed. Simple regression analysis for the PS was performed with respective risk factors as independent variables. After selection of independent variables, multiple regression analysis was performed to estimated the association of PS and dependent variable of the study. There were significant differences in body mass index (BMI) (p < .001), HbA1c (p < .01), TG (p < .05), and PS (p < .001) . Multiple regression analysis in middle-aged subjects showed that the determinant of PS were age (p < .001), BMI (p = .006), Met-S (p = .004), and hs-CRP (p = .019). Multiple regression analysis in older subjects showed that neither age nor Met-S was included as significant determinant of PS. An association of Met-S is an important factor for progression of subclinical atherosclerosis, but it cannot be a significant determinant of PS if the subjects are limited within older group.
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14
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Pradhan A, Kuka R, Vishwakarma P, Ali W, Perrone MA, Iellamo F, Chaudhary G, Chandra S, Sethi R, Dwivedi S, Narain V, Saran RK. Lipid Profile and Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients: Relationships to Demographic, Clinical, Angiographic, and Therapeutic Variables. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11226846. [PMID: 36431323 PMCID: PMC9697552 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11226846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Several lines of evidence have supported small dense low-density lipoproteins (sd-LDL) as a marker of cardiovascular disease. The present study assessed the relationship between lipid profile and sd-LDL levels with demographic, clinical, angiographic, and therapeutic variables in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. Methods: This was a single-centre, prospective, cross-sectional study conducted from September 2014 to September 2015. Patients with a diagnosis of ACS were included in this study. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were determined by direct homogenous assay and sd-LDL levels were calculated using an earlier described equation by Srisawadi et al. Results: A total of 200 patients with a diagnosis of ACS were studied. Males constituted 78% of the population cohort and almost 45% of participants were aged <45 years. Patients aged ≤45 years displayed higher mean sd-LDL levels of 30.40 ± 14.18 mg/dL versus patients aged >45 years with mean sd-LDL levels of 28.01 ± 11.58 mg/dL, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.19). Females also displayed higher mean sd-LDL levels, but the difference also failed to achieve statistical significance (30.95 ± 13.44 mg/dL and 28.54 ± 12.64, respectively; p = 0.185). Diabetics had higher mean sd-LDL levels (33.64 ± 13.01 mg/dL and 28.07 ± 12.60 mg/dL; p = 0.273) whilst smokers had lower mean levels (27.21 ± 12.12 mg/dL and 30.51 ± 13.21 mg/dL, respectively; p = 0.071). However, the ratio of sd-LDL/lb-LDL (large buoyant LDL) was significantly higher in diabetics (0.48 vs. 0.39; p = 0.023). In the angiography cohort (n = 88), single-vessel disease was the most predominant overall while among patients aged >45 years, triple-vessel disease was significantly higher (p = 0.005). Similarly, the sd-LDL levels were 33.12 ± 11.13 mg/dL, 27.68 ± 9.80 mg/dL, and 31.65 ± 15.26 mg/dL among patients with single, double, and triple-vessel disease and did not differ significantly (p = 0.262). Prior statin users had significantly lower mean sd-LDL levels of 24.79 ± 12.23 mg/dL compared to statin-naïve patients with a mean sd-LDL of 30.01 ± 12.79 mg/dL (p = 0.027). Non-HDL levels were also significantly lower in prior statin users (112.83 mg/dL vs. 128.9 mg/dL; p = 0.017). Conclusion: In this cohort of ACS patients, age, sex, diabetes, smoking, and the angiographic severity of coronary artery disease had no significant impact on sd-LDL levels, while prior statin usage led to significantly lower sd-LDL levels. Diabetic patients, however, did have significantly higher sd-LDL/lb-LDL ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshyaya Pradhan
- Department of Cardiology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravninder Kuka
- Department of Cardiology, SPS Hospital, Ludhiana 141001, Punjab, India
| | - Pravesh Vishwakarma
- Department of Cardiology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Wahid Ali
- Department of Pathology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Marco Alfonso Perrone
- Department of Cardiology and Cardio Lab, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Ferdinando Iellamo
- Department of Cardiology and Cardio Lab, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gaurav Chaudhary
- Department of Cardiology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sharad Chandra
- Department of Cardiology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rishi Sethi
- Department of Cardiology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sudhanshu Dwivedi
- Department of Cardiology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Varun Narain
- Department of Cardiology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R. K. Saran
- Department of Clinical & Preventive Cardiology, Medanta Hospital, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
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15
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Development of a Method for Producing oxLDL: Characterization of Their Effects on HPV-Positive Head and Neck Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012552. [PMID: 36293405 PMCID: PMC9604222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cancers are the two main causes of death worldwide. The initiation and progression of atherosclerosis is, in large part, caused by oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL); interestingly, oxLDL may also play a role in cancer cell metabolism and migration. As oxLDL are generally obtained by tedious ultracentrifugation procedures, “home-made” oxLDL were obtained by (i) applying a purification kit to isolate LDL and VLDL from human plasma; (ii) isolating LDL from VLDL by gel permeation chromatography (GPC); and (iii) oxidating LDL through CuSO4 incubation. On three HPV-positive head and neck cancer cells (HNCC) (93VU-147T, UM-SCC47, and UPCI-SCC154), cell migration was assessed using Boyden chambers, the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway was analyzed by Western Blotting, and the expression of two oxLDL receptors, LOX-1 and CD36, in response to oxLDL exposure, was analysed by immunofluorescence. Our data indicate: (a) a non-significant difference between reference and “home-made” oxLDL; (b) a decreased migration, parallel to an inhibition of the ß-catenin pathway; and (c) an increase of CD36 and LOX-1 expression in all HNCC. In conclusion, we successfully produced oxLDL. Our results demonstrate a decrease in HNCC migration after oxLDL exposure, and an increased expression of LOX-1 and CD36 associated with lipid uptake.
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16
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Atherogenic Plasma Index or Non-High-Density Lipoproteins as Markers Best Reflecting Age-Related High Concentrations of Small Dense Low-Density Lipoproteins. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095089. [PMID: 35563477 PMCID: PMC9102874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to assess the strength of the relationships between small dense low-density lipoproteins (sdLDL) and other parameters describing metabolic disorders and determine which of the lipid profile parameters can be used as markers of increased sdLDL concentration. The proposed model of sdLDL (examined by heparin−magnesium precipitation method) as a function of lipid parameters and atherogenic plasma indexes non-high-dense lipoproteins (non-HDL) and total cholesterol to high-dense lipoprotein ratio (TC/HDL), Atherogenic plasma index (API) is based on data from 485 participants divided into two age groups, <35≥ years. In multiple linear regression, sdLDL concentration was associated with the concentration of non-HDL-C (p = 0.043) and API value (p < 0.001) in participants <35 years, and with non-HDL-C (p < 0.001) and triglycerides (p = 0.020) concentration ≥35 years. The presence of abnormal values of API in participants <35 years and non-HDL-C in participants ≥35 years is a significant factor increasing the chances of the highest sdLDL (≥1.03 mmol/L) corresponding to Q4 in people without metabolic disorders. Different lipid parameters and atherogenicity indexes are associated with a high concentration of sdLDL depending on the age group. Abnormal API <35 years and non-HDL ≥35 years are associated with the highest sdLDL values and may be an indication for further specialist diagnosis of cardiovascular disease risk factors.
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17
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Nakayama A, Morita H, Sato T, Kawahara T, Takeda N, Kato S, Itoh H, Komuro I. Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol is a Potential Marker for Predicting Laser Treatment for Retinopathy in Diabetic Patients. J Atheroscler Thromb 2022; 29:678-691. [PMID: 33994406 PMCID: PMC9135669 DOI: 10.5551/jat.62889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM We explored the superiority of small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) as a marker for predicting not only the occurrence of cardiovascular (CV) events but also the need for laser treatment in patients with hypercholesterolemia and diabetic retinopathy. METHODS We performed a sub-analysis of the intEnsive statin therapy for hyper-cholesteroleMic Patients with diAbetic retinopaTHY (EMPATHY) study (n=5042), in which patients were assigned randomly to intensive or standard statin therapy targeting low-density lipoprotein cholesterol <70 mg/dl or 100-120 mg/dl. Using the survival analysis, the risks for CV events and the need for laser treatment were evaluated according to the lipids one year after registration. RESULTS The patients were 63±11 years old. LDL-C and sdLDL-C levels were 98±25 and 32±14 mg/dl, respectively, one year after registration. The sdLDL-C level had a strong positive correlation with apolipoprotein B level (r=0.83 at registration). SdLDL-C was a sensitive marker for predicting CV events when comparing among the quartiles according to sdLDL-C levels (hazard ratios: HR for quartiles 1-4 were 1.0, 1.4, 1.6, and 2.5, respectively; p for trend <0.01). Also, sdLDL-C was a sensitive marker for predicting the need for laser treatment among lipids (log rank, p=0.009), especially in patients with elderly (≧65 yrs) and obesity (BMI ≧25 kg/m2). CONCLUSIONS SdLDL-C is a sensitive target marker to predict cardiovascular events as well as the need for laser treatment in patients with hypercholesterolemia and diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Nakayama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Kawahara
- Clinical Research Promotion Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norifumi Takeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kato
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Khandouzi N, Zahedmehr A, Firoozi A, Nasrollahzadehp J. Effects of flaxseed consumption on plasma lipids, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A 2 activity and gut microbiota composition in patients with coronary artery disease. Nutr Health 2022:2601060221091016. [PMID: 35382631 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221091016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Clinical studies have demonstrated possible beneficial effects of flaxseed on cardiovascular disease risk factors, but limited studies have evaluated the effects of flaxseed on the plasma lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) and gut microbial composition in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Aim: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of flaxseed consumption on plasma lipids and lipoproteins, Lp-PLA2 activity, as well as the relative abundance of some gut microbiota in CAD patients. Methods: In a randomized controlled parallel trial, 50 patients with CAD were randomly allocated to 12 weeks of supplementation of flaxseed (30 g/day) or control (usual care). Before and after the intervention, plasma lipids, Lp-PLA2 activity, and some gut microbiota composition (4 different bacterial genera, including Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes) were measured. Results: Compared to control, flaxseed consumption was associated with improved Lp-PLA2 activity. After 12 weeks of intervention, no significant changes were observed in plasma lipids and fecal microbial composition in the two study groups. Conclusion: The present study showed that in patients with CAD, flaxseed supplementation reduced plasma Lp-PLA2 activity but had no effect on plasma lipids and the composition of some intestinal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Khandouzi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, 226734National Nutrition, and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Hafezi St, Farahzadi Blvd., Qods Town, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zahedmehr
- Cardiovascular Intervention Research Center, 158776Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical & Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Niyayesh Intersection., Valiasr St, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ata Firoozi
- Cardiovascular Intervention Research Center, 158776Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical & Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Niyayesh Intersection., Valiasr St, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Nasrollahzadehp
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, 226734National Nutrition, and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Hafezi St, Farahzadi Blvd., Qods Town, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, National Nutrition, and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, 48486Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 7, Hafezi St, Farahzadi Blvd., Qods Town, Tehran, Iran
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Superko H, Garrett B. Small Dense LDL: Scientific Background, Clinical Relevance, and Recent Evidence Still a Risk Even with 'Normal' LDL-C Levels. Biomedicines 2022; 10:829. [PMID: 35453579 PMCID: PMC9025822 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Residual cardiovascular disease event risk, following statin use and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduction, remains an important and common medical conundrum. Identifying patients with significant residual risk, despite statin drug use, is an unmet clinical need. One pathophysiologic disorder that contributes to residual risk is abnormal distribution in lipoprotein size and density, which is referred to as lipoprotein heterogeneity. Differences in low density lipoprotein (LDL) composition and size have been linked to coronary heart disease (CHD) risk and arteriographic disease progression. The clinical relevance has been investigated in numerous trials since the 1950s. Despite this long history, controversy remains regarding the clinical utility of LDL heterogeneity measurement. Recent clinical trial evidence reinforces the relevance of LDL heterogeneity measurement and the impact on CHD risk prediction and outcomes. The determination of LDL subclass distribution improves CHD risk prediction and guides appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold Superko
- Cholesterol, Genetics, and Heart Disease Institute, Carmel, CA 93923, USA;
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20
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The effect of barberry (Berberis integerrima) on lipid profile and systemic inflammation in subjects with cardiovascular risk factors: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:59. [PMID: 35255880 PMCID: PMC8902769 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03539-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite significant advances in the management of cardiovascular disease (CVDs), there is still a large burden of CVD in the world. The inclusion of functional foods in the diet may provide beneficial effects on CVD. Purple-black barberry due to its richness in anthocyanins and berberine has shown beneficial effects on cardiometabolic factors. We investigated the effects of barberry on plasma lipids as well as inflammatory biomarkers in subjects with cardiovascular risk factors. Methods This was an 8-weeks, single-blinded, randomized controlled clinical trial that the participants were randomly assigned to a barberry (10 g/day dried barberry) or placebo group. At baseline and end of the study, plasma lipid profiles including total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), small-dense LDL-C (sd-LDL-C), non-HDL-C, and TC/HDL-C, as well as inflammatory biomarkers including C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), were determined. An intention-to-treat analysis was performed. Results Eighty-four participants were randomly assigned to study groups. The mean (± SD) participants' age was 54.06 ± 10.19 years. Body weight, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, and dietary intake were not different between the two groups at baseline and the end of the study. After adjusting for baseline values, we observed a significant decrease in plasma levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, sd-LDL-C, non-HDL-C, and TC/HDL-C (p < 0.001, p = 0.011, p = 0.015, p = 0.019, p = 0.004, and p = 0.039 respectively) as well as CRP (p = 0.020) in the barberry group compared to the placebo group. Conclusions Our results indicate that purple-black barberry consumption decreases plasma levels of CRP and improves lipid profile in subjects with cardiovascular risk factors. Trial registration This clinical trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT number: NCT04084847).
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Ghanavati M, Alipour Parsa S, Nasrollahzadeh J. A calorie-restricted diet with nuts favourably raises plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in overweight and obese patients with stable coronary heart disease: A randomised controlled trial. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14431. [PMID: 34080258 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight loss and consumption of nuts may both improve plasma lipids and lipoproteins. However, their effects in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) who are under treatment with statins remain unclear. This study was conducted to determine plasma lipid and lipoprotein responses to a low-calorie (25% of energy deficit) nuts containing diet (NELCD) compared with a nut-free energy-restricted diet (NFLCD) in stable CAD patients who were overweight or obese (n = 67). METHODS Plasma lipids and lipoproteins and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) A1 and ABCG1 mRNA expressions in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from patients were assessed at baseline and after 8 weeks. RESULTS Plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and apoA1 increased significantly in the NELCD group at the end of Week 8 compared with those in NFLCD group (in NELCD group, mean change and 95% confidence interval (CI) were 1.17 [-1.31, 3.66] mg/dL, P = 0.012, and 2.55 [-2.10, 7.20] mg/dL, P = 0.011, for HDL cholesterol and apoA1, respectively). In both groups, the concentrations of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride reduced significantly at Week 8 compared with those in baseline with no significant difference between the two groups. ABCA1 and ABCG1 mRNA expressions non-significantly decreased in both groups. CONCLUSION This study indicates that inclusion of nuts as part of a calorie-restricted diet improves the concentrations of HDL cholesterol and apoA-1 in patients with stable, established CHD receiving statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matin Ghanavati
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Alipour Parsa
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Nasrollahzadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Structure and Dynamics of Oxidized Lipoproteins In Vivo: Roles of High-Density Lipoprotein. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060655. [PMID: 34201176 PMCID: PMC8229488 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative modification of lipoproteins is implicated in the occurrence and development of atherosclerotic lesions. Earlier studies have elucidated on the mechanisms of foam cell formation and lipid accumulation in these lesions, which is mediated by scavenger receptor-mediated endocytosis of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). Mounting clinical evidence has supported the involvement of oxLDL in cardiovascular diseases. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is known as anti-atherogenic; however, recent studies have shown circulating oxidized HDL (oxHDL) is related to cardiovascular diseases. A modified structure of oxLDL, which was increased in the plasma of patients with acute myocardial infarction, was characterized. It had two unique features: (1) a fraction of oxLDL accompanied oxHDL, and (2) apoA1 was heavily modified, while modification of apoB, and the accumulation of oxidized phosphatidylcholine (oxPC) and lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) was less pronounced. When LDL and HDL were present at the same time, oxidized lipoproteins actively interacted with each other, and oxPC and lysoPC were transferred to another lipoprotein particle and enzymatically metabolized rapidly. This brief review provides a novel view on the dynamics of oxLDL and oxHDL in circulation.
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Physicochemical Properties of Lipoproteins Assessed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance as a Predictor of Premature Cardiovascular Disease. PRESARV-SEA Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10071379. [PMID: 33805580 PMCID: PMC8037702 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10071379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Some lipoprotein disorders related to the residual risk of premature cardiovascular disease (PCVD) are not detected by the conventional lipid profile. In this case-control study, the predictive power of PCVD of serum sdLDL-C, measured using a lipoprotein precipitation method, and of the physicochemical properties of serum lipoproteins, analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques, were evaluated. We studied a group of patients with a first PCVD event (n = 125) and a group of control subjects (n = 190). Conventional lipid profile, the size and number of Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL), Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL), High Density Lipoproteins (HDL) particles, and the number of particles of their subclasses (large, medium, and small) were measured. Compared to controls, PCVD patients had lower concentrations of all LDL particles, and smaller and larger diameter of LDL and HDL particles, respectively. PCVD patients also showed higher concentrations of small dense LDL-cholesterol (sdLDL), and triglycerides (Tg) in LDL and HDL particles (HDL-Tg), and higher concentrations of large VLDL particles. Multivariate logistic regression showed that sdLDL-C, HDL-Tg, and large concentrations of LDL particles were the most powerful predictors of PCVD. A strong relationship was observed between increased HDL-Tg concentrations and PCVD. This study demonstrates that beyond the conventional lipid profile, PCVD patients have other atherogenic lipoprotein alterations that are detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis.
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Diesinger T, Lautwein A, Buko V, Belonovskaya E, Lukivskaya O, Naruta E, Kirko S, Andreev V, Dvorsky R, Buckert D, Bergler S, Renz C, Müller‐Enoch D, Wirth T, Haehner T. ω-Imidazolyl-alkyl derivatives as new preclinical drug candidates for treating non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14795. [PMID: 33769703 PMCID: PMC7995547 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)-associated reactive oxygen species production plays an important role in the development and progression of inflammatory liver diseases such as alcoholic steatohepatitis. We developed two new inhibitors for this isoenzyme, namely 12-imidazolyl-1-dodecanol (I-ol) and 1-imidazolyldodecane (I-an), and aimed to test their effects on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The fat-rich and CYP2E1 inducing Lieber-DeCarli diet was administered over 16 weeks of the experimental period to induce the disease in a rat model, and the experimental substances were administered simultaneously over the last four weeks. The high-fat diet (HFD) pathologically altered the balance of reactive oxygen species and raised the activities of the liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AP) and γ-glutamyl-transferase (γ-GT); lowered the level of adiponectine and raised the one of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α; increased the hepatic triglyceride and phospholipid content and diminished the serum HDL cholesterol concentration. Together with the histological findings, we concluded that the diet led to the development of NASH. I-ol and, to a lesser extent, I-an shifted the pathological values toward the normal range, despite the continued administration of the noxious agent (HFD). The hepatoprotective drug ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), which is used off-label in clinical practice, showed a lower effectiveness overall. I-ol, in particular, showed extremely good tolerability during the acute toxicity study in rats. Therefore, cytochrome P450 2E1 may be considered a suitable drug target, with I-ol and I-an being promising drug candidates for the treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Diesinger
- Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineFaculty of Health/School of MedicineWitten/Herdecke UniversityWittenGermany
- Department of Internal MedicineNeu‐Ulm HospitalNeu‐UlmGermany
- Institute of Physiological ChemistryUniversity of UlmUlmGermany
| | - Alfred Lautwein
- Institute of Physiological ChemistryUniversity of UlmUlmGermany
| | - Vyacheslav Buko
- Division of Biochemical PharmacologyInstitute of Biochemistry of Biologically Active CompoundsNational Academy of SciencesBulvar Leninskogo KomsomolaGrodnoBelarus
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Medical SciencesBiałystokPoland
| | - Elena Belonovskaya
- Division of Biochemical PharmacologyInstitute of Biochemistry of Biologically Active CompoundsNational Academy of SciencesBulvar Leninskogo KomsomolaGrodnoBelarus
| | - Oksana Lukivskaya
- Division of Biochemical PharmacologyInstitute of Biochemistry of Biologically Active CompoundsNational Academy of SciencesBulvar Leninskogo KomsomolaGrodnoBelarus
| | - Elena Naruta
- Division of Biochemical PharmacologyInstitute of Biochemistry of Biologically Active CompoundsNational Academy of SciencesBulvar Leninskogo KomsomolaGrodnoBelarus
| | - Siarhei Kirko
- Division of Biochemical PharmacologyInstitute of Biochemistry of Biologically Active CompoundsNational Academy of SciencesBulvar Leninskogo KomsomolaGrodnoBelarus
| | - Viktor Andreev
- Department of Medical Biology and GeneticsGrodno State Medical UniversityGrodnoBelarus
| | - Radovan Dvorsky
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IIMedical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
| | - Dominik Buckert
- Institute of Physiological ChemistryUniversity of UlmUlmGermany
- Department of Internal Medicine IIUniversity Hospital UlmUlmGermany
| | | | - Christian Renz
- Institute of Physiological ChemistryUniversity of UlmUlmGermany
| | | | - Thomas Wirth
- Institute of Physiological ChemistryUniversity of UlmUlmGermany
| | - Thomas Haehner
- Institute of Physiological ChemistryUniversity of UlmUlmGermany
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Ikezaki H, Lim E, Cupples LA, Liu CT, Asztalos BF, Schaefer EJ. Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Is the Most Atherogenic Lipoprotein Parameter in the Prospective Framingham Offspring Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e019140. [PMID: 33586462 PMCID: PMC8174280 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.019140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Elevated plasma levels of direct low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), small dense LDL‐C (sdLDL‐C), low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) triglycerides, triglycerides, triglyceride‐rich lipoprotein cholesterol, remnant lipoprotein particle cholesterol, and lipoprotein(a) have all been associated with incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Our goal was to assess which parameters were most strongly associated with ASCVD risk. Methods and Results Plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, direct LDL‐C, sdLDL‐C, LDL triglycerides, remnant lipoprotein particle cholesterol, triglyceride‐rich lipoprotein cholesterol, and lipoprotein(a) were measured using standardized automated analysis (coefficients of variation, <5.0%) in samples from 3094 fasting subjects free of ASCVD. Of these subjects, 20.2% developed ASCVD over 16 years. On univariate analysis, all ASCVD risk factors were significantly associated with incident ASCVD, as well as the following specialized lipoprotein parameters: sdLDL‐C, LDL triglycerides, triglycerides, triglyceride‐rich lipoprotein cholesterol, remnant lipoprotein particle cholesterol, and direct LDL‐C. Only sdLDL‐C, direct LDL‐C, and lipoprotein(a) were significant on multivariate analysis and net reclassification after adjustment for standard risk factors (age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, total cholesterol, and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol). Using the pooled cohort equation, many specialized lipoprotein parameters individually added significant information, but no parameter added significant information once sdLDL‐C (hazard ratio, 1.42; P<0.0001) was in the model. These results for sdLDL‐C were confirmed by adjusted discordance analysis versus calculated non–high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, in contrast to LDL triglycerides. Conclusions sdLDL‐C, direct LDL‐C, and lipoprotein(a) all contributed significantly to ASCVD risk on multivariate analysis, but no parameter added significant risk information to the pooled cohort equation once sdLDL‐C was in the model. Our data indicate that small dense LDL is the most atherogenic lipoprotein parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Ikezaki
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University Boston MA.,Tufts University School of Medicine Boston MA.,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University Boston MA.,Department of General Internal Medicine Kyushu University Hospital Fukuoka Japan
| | - Elise Lim
- Department of Biostatistics Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA.,FHS (Framingham Heart Study)National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Framingham MA
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA.,FHS (Framingham Heart Study)National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Framingham MA
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics Boston University School of Public Health Boston MA.,FHS (Framingham Heart Study)National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Framingham MA
| | - Bela F Asztalos
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University Boston MA.,Tufts University School of Medicine Boston MA.,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University Boston MA
| | - Ernst J Schaefer
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University Boston MA.,Tufts University School of Medicine Boston MA.,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University Boston MA
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Higashioka M, Sakata S, Honda T, Hata J, Shibata M, Yoshida D, Goto K, Kitazono T, Osawa H, Ninomiya T. The Association of Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Coronary Heart Disease in Subjects at High Cardiovascular Risk. J Atheroscler Thromb 2021; 28:79-89. [PMID: 32307338 PMCID: PMC7875148 DOI: 10.5551/jat.55350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The present study aims to investigate the association between serum small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) cholesterol level and the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) in subjects at high cardiovascular risk. METHODS A total of 3,080 participants without prior cardiovascular disease (CVD), aged ≥ 40 years, were followed up for a median of 8.3 years, which were divided into two groups, those with serum sdLDL cholesterol levels of <35 mg/dL or ≥ 35 mg/dL. Then, subjects were stratified by the status of diabetes, CVD-related comorbidities (defined as the presence of diabetes, chronic kidney disease, or peripheral artery disease), and the CVD risk assessment according to the Japan Atherosclerosis Society Guidelines. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed using a Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS During the follow-up, 79 subjects developed CHD. The risk for incident CHD was higher in subjects with serum sdLDL cholesterol of ≥ 35 mg/dL than those with sdLDL cholesterol of <35 mg/dL (HR 2.09, 95%CI 1.26-3.45) after adjusting for traditional risk factors. In the subgroup analyses, the multivariable-adjusted HR for incident CHD increased significantly in those with serum sdLDL cholesterol of ≥ 35 mg/dL among subjects with diabetes (HR 2.76, 95%CI 1.09-7.01), subjects with CVD-related comorbidities (HR 2.60, 95%CI 1.21-5.58), and high-risk category defined as the presence of CVD-related comorbidities or a Suita score of ≥ 56 points (HR 1.93, 95%CI 1.02-3.65). CONCLUSIONS Elevated serum sdLDL cholesterol was associated with the development of CHD even in subjects at high cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Higashioka
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Diabetes and Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Satoko Sakata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanori Honda
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Hata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mao Shibata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daigo Yoshida
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Goto
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Osawa
- Department of Diabetes and Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Ninomiya
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Hino N, Sasaki R, Takahashi Y, Koike M, Fukushima M, Haraguchi M, Honda T, Miuma S, Ozawa E, Miyaaki H, Ichikawa T, Nakao K. Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus Infection with Direct-acting Antiviral Agents Elevates the Serum Small-dense Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level. Intern Med 2021; 60:191-199. [PMID: 33456023 PMCID: PMC7872797 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.5563-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) level is known to increase following the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection using direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs). This study aimed to investigate the changes in the lipid profiles, including small-dense LDL cholesterol (sdLDL), in HCV patients treated with DAAs. Patients We retrospectively assessed 67 HCV patients who achieved sustained virological response with DAA administration and were observed for more than 2 years, of whom 32 were on daclatasvir/asunaprevir, 14 were on sofosbuvir/ledipasvir, and 21 were on sofosbuvir/ribavirin. Methods We evaluated the lipid profiles, including sdLDL, every 6 months until 2 years after the start of treatment and analyzed the factors related to changes in the sdLDL level. Results The median sdLDL value at baseline was 12.8 mg/dL, which increased to 19.5 mg/dL at 6 months (p<0.001) and remained elevated at 25.4 mg/dL at 2 years later (p<0.001). The Kaplan-Meier curve indicated that patients with high values of LDL, albumin, muscle attenuation and visceral to subcutaneous adipose tissue area ratio were at increased risk for elevation of sdLDL over 35 mg/dL (log-rank test: p<0.001; p=0.008, p=0.002 and p=0.042, respectively). A multivariate analysis performed on the factors contributing to elevation of sdLDL 2 years after DAA treatment (≥35.0 mg/dL) revealed pretreatment LDL (≥91.0 mg/dL) and muscle attenuation (≥33.7 HU) as significant factors (p=0.007 and p=0.032, respectively). Conclusion SdLDL increased continuously after DAA treatment, and high LDL levels and low intramuscular fat deposition before treatment contributed to elevated sdLDL levels after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Hino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
- Department of Comprehensive Community Care Systems, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Ryu Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Youichi Takahashi
- Innovation and Translational Research Center, Nagasaki Harbor Medical Center, Japan
| | - Makiko Koike
- Innovation and Translational Research Center, Nagasaki Harbor Medical Center, Japan
| | - Masanori Fukushima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Masafumi Haraguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Takuya Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Satoshi Miuma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Eisuke Ozawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Hisamitsu Miyaaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Ichikawa
- Department of Comprehensive Community Care Systems, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
- Innovation and Translational Research Center, Nagasaki Harbor Medical Center, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nagasaki Harbor Medical Center, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
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Liou L, Kaptoge S. Association of small, dense LDL-cholesterol concentration and lipoprotein particle characteristics with coronary heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241993. [PMID: 33166340 PMCID: PMC7652325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to systematically collate and appraise the available evidence regarding the associations between small, dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) and incident coronary heart disease (CHD), focusing on cholesterol concentration (sdLDL-C) and sdLDL particle characteristics (presence, density, and size). BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Small, dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) has been hypothesized to induce atherosclerosis and subsequent coronary heart disease (CHD). However, the etiological relevance of lipoprotein particle size (sdLDL) versus cholesterol content (sdLDL-C) remains unclear. METHODS PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and EMBASE were systematically searched for studies published before February 2020. CHD associations were based on quartile comparisons in eight studies of sdLDL-C and were based on binary categorization in fourteen studies of sdLDL particle size. Reported hazards ratios (HR) and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were standardized and pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis model. RESULTS Data were collated from 21 studies with a total of 30,628 subjects and 5,693 incident CHD events. The average age was 67 years, and 53% were men. Higher sdLDL and sdLDL-C levels were both significantly associated with higher risk of CHD. The pooled estimate for the high vs. low categorization of sdLDL was 1.36 (95% CI: 1.21, 1.52) and 1.07 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.12) for comparing the top quartiles versus the bottom of sdLDL-C. Several studies suggested a dose response relationship. CONCLUSIONS The findings show a positive association between sdLDL or sdLDL-C levels and CHD, which is supported by an increasing body of genetic evidence in favor of its causality as an etiological risk factor. Thus, the results support sdLDL and sdLDL-C as a risk marker, but further research is required to establish sdLDL or sdLDL-C as a potential therapeutic marker for incident CHD risk reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lathan Liou
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Kaptoge
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Khandouzi N, Zahedmehr A, Nasrollahzadeh J. Effect of polyphenol-rich extra-virgin olive oil on lipid profile and inflammatory biomarkers in patients undergoing coronary angiography: a randomised, controlled, clinical trial. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 72:548-558. [PMID: 33121297 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1841123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to compare the effects of high polyphenol extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) with low polyphenol refined olive oil (ROO) on some cardiovascular risk factors in patients undergoing coronary angiography. In a randomised, controlled, parallel-arm, clinical trial, 40 patients with at least one classic cardiovascular risk factor who referred to coronary angiography were randomly allocated to two groups and receied 25 mL EVOO or ROO daily for 6 weeks. Plasma LDL-cholesterol significantly reduced in EVOO group (-9.52 ± 20.44 vs 8.68 ± 18.77 mg/dL, p = .007 for EVOO and ROO respectively). EVOO resulted in a significant reduction in plasma CRP (-0.40 ± 0.52 vs 0.007 ± 0.42 mg/L, p = .01 for EVOO and ROO respectively) and increased ex-vivo whole blood LPS-stimulated IL-10 production (12.13 ± 33.64 vs -17.47 ± 49.04 pg/mL, p = .035 for EVOO and ROO respectively). Daily consumption of polyphenol-rich EVOO in subjects who have been under medical treatment with risk-reducing agents could additionally improve LDL-C and selected inflammatory markers. Trial Registration Number: NCT03796780.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Khandouzi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, National Nutrition, and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zahedmehr
- Cardiovascular Intervention Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical & Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Nasrollahzadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, National Nutrition, and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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30
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Nakamura M, Yamamoto Y, Imaoka W, Kuroshima T, Toragai R, Ito Y, Kanda E, J Schaefer E, Ai M. Relationships between Smoking Status, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Lipoproteins in a Large Japanese Population. J Atheroscler Thromb 2020; 28:942-953. [PMID: 33116031 PMCID: PMC8532056 DOI: 10.5551/jat.56838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims:
Smoking is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), a leading cause of death and disability. Other CVD risk factors include age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Our goal was to assess relationships between smoking status and CVD risk factors, with a focus on direct LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides (TG) and small dense LDL-C (sdLDL-C).
Methods:
A total of 34,497 Japanese men and women, mean age 51 years, had their CVD risk factors including fasting serum total cholesterol, TG, HDL-C, sdLDL-C, and direct LDL-C assessed. One-way ANOVA and multiple linear regression analyses were carried to assess the interrelationships of these parameters with smoking.
Results:
In both men and women, current smokers had significantly (
p
<0.001) higher median TG (+19.6%, +16.9%) and sdLDL-C levels (+12.7%, +4.2%) levels, and significantly (
p
<0.001) lower HDL-C levels (-7.3%, -4.3%) than non-smokers. They were also significantly (
p
<0.05) more likely to have TG values >150 mg/dL (+56.8%, +116.3%), sdLDL-C >40.1 mg/dL (+28.8%, +44.9%), and HDL-C <40 mg/dL (+89.8%, +114.3%). Ex-smokers generally had lipid values that were intermediate between non-smokers and current smokers. Multivariate analysis confirmed the significance of these relationships.
Conclusion:
Our data indicate that current cigarette smoking is associated with increased TG and sdLDL-C levels, as well as decreased HDL-C levels. Furthermore, smoking effect on lipid profiles remain after cessation. These data provide further justification for smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Nakamura
- Department of Insured Medical Care Management, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Yasushi Yamamoto
- Kansai Occupational Health Association, ACTY Health Evaluation Center
| | - Wataru Imaoka
- Kansai Occupational Health Association, ACTY Health Evaluation Center
| | - Toshio Kuroshima
- Kansai Occupational Health Association, Senri LC Health Evaluation Center
| | - Ryoko Toragai
- Kansai Occupational Health Association, Senri LC Health Evaluation Center
| | - Yasuki Ito
- Reagent R&D department, Research and development Division, Denka Co.,Ltd
| | | | - Ernst J Schaefer
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, and Tufts University School of Medicine
| | - Masumi Ai
- Department of Insured Medical Care Management, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
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31
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Ikezaki H, Furusyo N, Yokota Y, Ai M, Asztalos BF, Murata M, Hayashi J, Schaefer EJ. Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Carotid Intimal Medial Thickness Progression. J Atheroscler Thromb 2020; 27:1108-1122. [PMID: 32281547 PMCID: PMC7585909 DOI: 10.5551/jat.54130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The association between small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) levels and carotid intimal medial thickness (cIMT) progression has not been evaluated fully. We assessed specialized lipoproteins, including sdLDL-C, with regard to cIMT progression in a prospective observational study in Japan. METHODS Plasma total cholesterol, direct LDL-C, sdLDL-C, LDL-triglycerides (LDL-TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), HDL2-C, HDL3-C, triglycerides, Lp(a), and adiponectin were measured in 2,030 men and women (median age 59 years, free of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and off cholesterol lowering medication). At both baseline and after a five-year follow-up, cIMT was assessed. Univariate, multivariate regression, and least square analyses were performed to examine the relationships between direct LDL-C, sdLDL-C, and other lipoproteins with cIMT progression. RESULTS The median cIMT at baseline was 0.63 mm and five-year progression was 0.18 mm. After adjustment for standard CVD risk factors, including age, gender, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL-C, smoking, diabetes, and hypertension treatment, only direct LDL-C, sdLDL-C, and the sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratio were associated with cIMT progression. Even in subjects with direct LDL-C <100 mg/dL, who were considered at low CVD risk, elevated sdLDL-C were associated with cIMT progression (P for trend=0.009) in a model with established CVD risk factors, although the sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratio did not. Those correlations did not change by including triglycerides as a controlling factor or excluding premenopausal women from the analyzed population. CONCLUSIONS Small dense LDL-C has a stronger relationship with cIMT progression than LDL-C does; therefore, measuring sdLDL-C may allow for the formulation of optimal therapy for CVD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Ikezaki
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Norihiro Furusyo
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuya Yokota
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Division, Showa University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masumi Ai
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Insured Medical Care Management, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bela F Asztalos
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston Heart Diagnostics, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Masayuki Murata
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Hayashi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ernst J Schaefer
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston Heart Diagnostics, Framingham, MA, USA
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32
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Khandouzi N, Zahedmehr A, Nasrollahzadeh J. Effects of canola or olive oil on plasma lipids, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A 2 and inflammatory cytokines in patients referred for coronary angiography. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:183. [PMID: 32795310 PMCID: PMC7427979 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01362-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential cardioprotective benefits of olive oil (OO) and canola oil (CO) consumption have been shown in some studies. The present study compared the effects of CO and OO on plasma lipids, some inflammatory cytokines, and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) mass and activity in patients undergoing coronary angiography. METHODS The current randomized, controlled, parallel-arm, clinical trial involved 48 patients (44 men and 4 women, aged 57.63 ± 6.34 years) with at least one classic cardiovascular risk factor (hypertension, dyslipidemia, or diabetes) who referred for coronary angiography. Patients were randomly divided into two groups and received 25 mL/day refined olive oil (n = 24) or canola oil (n = 24) for 6 weeks. Plasma lipids, some selected inflammatory markers, and Lp-PLA2 levels were measured at baseline and after the intervention. RESULTS CO consumption produced a significant reduction in plasma Lp-PLA2 mass (- 0.97 ± 1.84 vs. 0.34 ± 1.57 ng/mL, p = 0.008 for CO and OO, respectively), whereas the mean changes in interleukine-6 concentration were significantly lower after OO consumption compared with CO (- 9.46 ± 9.46 vs. -0.90 ± 6.80 pg/mL, p = 0.008 for OO and CO, respectively). After 6 weeks of intervention, no significant changes were observed in plasma Lp-PLA2 activity, complement C3, C4, or lipid profiles in the two intervention groups. CONCLUSIONS Comparing the two vegetable oils in subjects with cardiovascular risk factors showed that the consumption of olive oil is more effective in reducing the level of inflammatory cytokine interleukine-6, whereas canola oil was more effective in lowering Lp-PLA2 levels; however, this finding should be interpreted with caution, because Lp-PLA2 activity did not change significantly. TRIAL REGISTRATION IRCT20160702028742N5 at www.irct.ir (04/19/2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Khandouzi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, National Nutrition, and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 7, Hafezi St., Farahzadi Blvd., Qods Town, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zahedmehr
- Cardiovascular Intervention Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular, Medical & Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Nasrollahzadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, National Nutrition, and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 7, Hafezi St., Farahzadi Blvd., Qods Town, Tehran, Iran.
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33
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Diesinger T, Buko V, Lautwein A, Dvorsky R, Belonovskaya E, Lukivskaya O, Naruta E, Kirko S, Andreev V, Buckert D, Bergler S, Renz C, Schneider E, Kuchenbauer F, Kumar M, Günes C, Büchele B, Simmet T, Müller-Enoch D, Wirth T, Haehner T. Drug targeting CYP2E1 for the treatment of early-stage alcoholic steatohepatitis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235990. [PMID: 32701948 PMCID: PMC7377376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH)—the inflammation of fatty liver—is caused by chronic alcohol consumption and represents one of the leading chronic liver diseases in Western Countries. ASH can lead to organ dysfunction or progress to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Long-term alcohol abstinence reduces this probability and is the prerequisite for liver transplantation—the only effective therapy option at present. Elevated enzymatic activity of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is known to be critically responsible for the development of ASH due to excessively high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during metabolization of ethanol. Up to now, no rational drug discovery process was successfully initiated to target CYP2E1 for the treatment of ASH. Methods In this study, we applied a rational drug design concept to develop drug candidates (NCE) including preclinical studies. Results A new class of drug candidates was generated successfully. Two of the most promising small compounds named 12-Imidazolyl-1-dodecanol (abbr.: I-ol) and 1-Imidazolyldodecane (abbr.: I-an) were selected at the end of this process of drug discovery and developability. These new ω-imidazolyl-alkyl derivatives act as strong chimeric CYP2E1 inhibitors at a nanomolar range. They restore redox balance, reduce inflammation process as well as the fat content in the liver and rescue the physiological liver architecture of rats consuming continuously a high amount of alcohol. Conclusions Due to its oral application and therapeutic superiority over an off-label use of the hepatoprotector ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), this new class of inhibitors marks the first rational, pharmaceutical concept in long-term treatment of ASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Diesinger
- Donauklinik Neu-Ulm, Abteilung für Innere Medizin, Neu-Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Neu-Ulm Hospital, Neu-Ulm, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Vyacheslav Buko
- Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Biochemistry of Biologically Active Substances, Grodno, Belarus
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Medical Sciences, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Alfred Lautwein
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Radovan Dvorsky
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie II, Medizinische Fakultät der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Elena Belonovskaya
- Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Biochemistry of Biologically Active Substances, Grodno, Belarus
| | - Oksana Lukivskaya
- Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Biochemistry of Biologically Active Substances, Grodno, Belarus
| | - Elena Naruta
- Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Biochemistry of Biologically Active Substances, Grodno, Belarus
| | - Siarhei Kirko
- Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Biochemistry of Biologically Active Substances, Grodno, Belarus
| | - Viktor Andreev
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus
| | - Dominik Buckert
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Christian Renz
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Edith Schneider
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Florian Kuchenbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- University of British Columbia, Terry Fox Laboratory, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cagatay Günes
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Berthold Büchele
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, University Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Simmet
- Institute of Pharmacology of Natural Products and Clinical Pharmacology, University Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Wirth
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Haehner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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34
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Genetic associations and serum paraoxonase levels with atherosclerosis in western Iranian patients. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:5137-5144. [PMID: 32567023 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05585-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the arterial wall plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis which is a complex and progressive disorder. Paraoxonase1 (PON1), which is required for lipid metabolism, is believed to protect LDL from oxidation. The relationship between PON1 gene Leusin55Methionin (L55M) and Glutamine192Arginine (Q192R) polymorphisms in western Iranians with atherosclerosis and its association with enzyme activity and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) were examined in the present study. In this study, blood specimens were collected from 145 healthy individuals and 154 patients with atherosclerosis proven by angiography referred to Shahid Madani Hospital, Khorramabad, Iran. Genomic deoxy ribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted from whole blood. For all the subjects, restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR) was carried out for the detection of L55M and Q192R polymorphisms. PON1 enzyme activity and the level of oxLDL were also evaluated. There was a 3.114-fold increase in the risk of developing atherosclerosis in the subjects presenting the PON1L55M, MM genotype compared to those with the LL genotype (OR 3.114; 95% CI 1.412-6.870). PON1Q192R polymorphism in the PON1 gene was not associated with atherosclerosis. Patients with atherosclerosis had significantly higher oxLDL and reduced PON1 enzyme activity (P < 0.05) compared to the controls. There was no association between the type of genotype, enzyme activity, and oxLDL level. It has been concluded that PON1L55M polymorphism and MM genotype are associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in Iranian patients with atherosclerosis. We did not find any relationship between PON1Q192R polymorphism and atherosclerosis.
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35
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Kokubo Y, Watanabe M, Higashiyama A, Honda-Kohmo K. Small-Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol: A Subclinical Marker for the Primary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease. J Atheroscler Thromb 2020; 27:641-643. [PMID: 32475866 PMCID: PMC7406410 DOI: 10.5551/jat.ed134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Kokubo
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Makoto Watanabe
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Aya Higashiyama
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Kyoko Honda-Kohmo
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
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36
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Aoua H, Nkaies Y, Ben Khalfallah A, Sakly M, Aouani E, Attia N. Association between Small Dense Low-Density Lipoproteins and High-Density Phospolipid Content in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease with or without Diabetes. Lab Med 2020; 51:271-278. [PMID: 31622464 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmz067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the phospholipid profile in total plasma, non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and HDL fractions. We tried to correlate the phospholipid profile to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) size, as reflected by cholesterol content in each LDL subclass. METHODS We measured small dense LDL-C levels after heparin-magnesium precipitation and measured high-density lipoprotein phospholipid (HDL-P) levels using a colorimetric enzymatic method. RESULTS The correlation of the phospholipid profile to small dense LDL-C (sdLDL-C) in patients with coronary problems showed a negative association between small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) and HDL-P (r = -0.73; P = .02). Moreover, a strong positive correlation was detected between TG and the ratio HDL-P/HDL-C (r = 0.83; P <.001). CONCLUSIONS HDL phospholipid has an antiatherogenic effect in coronary artery disease with or without diabetes. Further, large LDL modulation seems to be associated with diabetes rather than coronaropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanene Aoua
- Reasearch Unit 'Integrated Physiology' UR05ES02, Laboratory of Biochemistry-Human Nutrition, Faculty of Bizerta, Carthage University, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, Tunisia
| | - Ymène Nkaies
- Reasearch Unit 'Integrated Physiology' UR05ES02, Laboratory of Biochemistry-Human Nutrition, Faculty of Bizerta, Carthage University, Tunisia
| | - Ali Ben Khalfallah
- Echocardiography and Coronary Heart Disease UR6 / SP10, Cardiology Department, Hospital of Menzel Bourguiba, Tunisia
| | - Mohsen Sakly
- Reasearch Unit 'Integrated Physiology' UR05ES02, Laboratory of Biochemistry-Human Nutrition, Faculty of Bizerta, Carthage University, Tunisia
| | - Ezzedine Aouani
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, Tunisia
| | - Nebil Attia
- Reasearch Unit 'Integrated Physiology' UR05ES02, Laboratory of Biochemistry-Human Nutrition, Faculty of Bizerta, Carthage University, Tunisia
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37
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Yao T, Long Q, Li J, Li G, Ding Y, Cui Q, Liu Z. Small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is strongly associated with NIHSS score and intracranial arterial calcification in acute ischemic stroke subjects. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7645. [PMID: 32376851 PMCID: PMC7203297 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64715-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial artery calcification (IAC) is an important risk factor for cerebral infarction and a key biomarker for intracranial artery stenosis. Small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sd-LDL-c) was independently associated with increased cardiovascular events and coronary calcification. Our study assessed whether sd-LDL-c is an independent factor for IAC in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. This cross-sectional study involved a total of 754 patients with AIS (mean age: 65 ± 13.2 years). All the patients had received brain computed tomography angiography (CTA) examination to evaluate IAC. Serum sd-LDL-c levels and other biochemical parameters were analyzed. Admission NIHSS score and mRS score at discharge were collected. After 60-days 85 patients died during hospitalization and follow-up. Partial correlation analysis showed that serum sd-LDL-c levels were associated with admission NIHSS score and IAC score after adjusted age and gender. Logistic regression analysis showed that serum sd-LDL-c levels independently predicted NIHSS scores (β = 1.537, 95%CI: 0.134-2.878, p = 0.042) and IAC scores (β = 1.355, 95%CI: 0.319-2.446, p = 0.015). The average level of sd-LDL-c in patients who died was also significantly increased compared to survival patients (1.04 ± 0.59 vs 0.88 ± 0.44 mmol/L, p = 0.017). However, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed serum sd-LDL-c levels could not predict all-cause mortality and prognosis in AIS patients. Our study found that sd-LDL-c as a strong atherogenic lipid particle can independently predict admission NIHSS scores and the severity of cerebral artery calcification in AIS patients. However, its prognostic value in AIS patients still needs further study in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yao
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Long
- Emergency Department, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China.,Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Emergency Department, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China.,Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Li
- Emergency Department, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China. .,Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yanbin Ding
- Department of Neurology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China.
| | - Qin Cui
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhichao Liu
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, China
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38
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Fernández-Cidón B, Candás-Estébanez B, Ribalta J, Rock E, Guardiola-Guionnet M, Amigó N, Padró-Miquel A, Alía-Ramos P, Pintó-Sala X. Precipitated sdLDL: An easy method to estimate LDL particle size. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23282. [PMID: 32198796 PMCID: PMC7370712 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background LDL‐C lowering is the main measure in cardiovascular disease prevention but a residual risk of ischemic events still remains. Alterations of lipoproteins, specially, increase in small dense LDL (sdLDL) particles are related to this risk. Objective To investigate the potential use of sdLDL cholesterol concentration (sdLDL‐C) isolated by an easy precipitation method and to assess the impact of a set of clinical and biochemical variables determined by NMR on sdLDL concentration. Methods sdLDL‐C and NMR lipid profile were performed in 85 men samples. Association among them was evaluated using Pearson coefficients (rxy). A multivariate regression was performed to identify the influence of NMR variables on sdLDL‐C. Results A strong association between sdLDL‐C and LDLLDL‐P (rxy = 0.687) and with LDL‐Z (rxy = −0.603) was found. The multivariate regression explained a 56.8% in sdLDL‐C variation (P = 8.77.10‐12). BMI, ApoB, triglycerides, FFA, and LDL‐Z showed a significant contribution. The most important ones were ApoB and LDL‐Z; a 1nm increase (LDL‐Z) leads to decrease 126 nmol/L in sdLDL‐C. Conclusion The association between sdLDL‐C, LDL‐Z, and LDL‐P is clear. From a large number of variables, especially LDL‐Z and apoB influence on sdLDL‐C. Results show that the smaller the LDL size, the higher their cholesterol concentration. Therefore, sdLDL‐C determination by using this easy method would be useful to risk stratification and to uncover cardiovascular residual risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Fernández-Cidón
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Josep Ribalta
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Edmond Rock
- French National Institute for Agricultural Research, Paris, France
| | | | - Núria Amigó
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | | | - Pedro Alía-Ramos
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó-Sala
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
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39
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Higashioka M, Sakata S, Honda T, Hata J, Yoshida D, Hirakawa Y, Shibata M, Goto K, Kitazono T, Osawa H, Ninomiya T. Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in a Japanese Community. J Atheroscler Thromb 2019; 27:669-682. [PMID: 31708527 PMCID: PMC7406411 DOI: 10.5551/jat.51961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: This study aims to investigate the association between serum small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) cholesterol level and the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) in a Japanese community. Methods: A total of 3,080 participants without prior cardiovascular disease, aged 40 years or older, were followed up for 8 years. The participants were divided into the quartiles of serum sdLDL cholesterol levels. The risk estimates were computed using a Cox proportional hazards model. Results: During the follow-up period, 79 subjects developed CHD. Subjects in the highest quartile had a 5.41-fold (95% confidence interval, 2.12–13.82) higher risk of CHD than those in the lowest quartile after controlling for confounders. In the analysis classifying the participants into four groups according to the levels of serum sdLDL cholesterol and serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, the risk of CHD almost doubled in subjects with sdLDL cholesterol of ≥ 32.9 mg/dL (median), regardless of serum LDL cholesterol levels, as compared with subjects with serum sdLDL cholesterol of < 32.9 mg/dL and serum LDL cholesterol of < 120.1 mg/dL (median). When serum sdLDL cholesterol levels were incorporated into a model with known cardiovascular risk factors, c-statistics was significantly increased (from 0.77 to 0.79; p = 0.02), and the net reclassification improvement was also significant (0.40; p < 0.001). Conclusions: The present findings suggest that the serum sdLDL cholesterol level is a relevant biomarker for the future development of CHD that offers benefit beyond the serum LDL cholesterol level and a possible therapeutic target to reduce the burden of CHD in a Japanese community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Higashioka
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University.,Department of Diabetes and Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University
| | - Satoko Sakata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University.,Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University.,Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Takanori Honda
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Jun Hata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University.,Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University.,Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Daigo Yoshida
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Yoichiro Hirakawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University.,Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Mao Shibata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University.,Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Kenichi Goto
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University.,Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Haruhiko Osawa
- Department of Diabetes and Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University
| | - Toshiharu Ninomiya
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University.,Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
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Hsu H, Hsu P, Cheng MH, Ito Y, Kanda E, Schaefer EJ, Ai M. Lipoprotein Subfractions and Glucose Homeostasis in Prediabetes and Diabetes in Taiwan. J Atheroscler Thromb 2019; 26:890-914. [PMID: 30726792 PMCID: PMC6800394 DOI: 10.5551/jat.48330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Prediabetes and diabetes are associated with increased insulin resistance and decreased insulin production, dyslipidemia, and increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Our goals were to assess lipoprotein subfractions using novel assays in such subjects. METHODS Fasting normal, prediabetic, and diabetic Taiwanese men and women (n=2,049) had their serum glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), HDL3-C, apolipoprotein E-HDL-C, direct low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), small dense LDL-C (sdLDL-C), LDL-TG, and remnant lipoprotein cholesterol (RLP-C) levels measured using novel assays. HDL2-C, LDL-C, and large-buoyant LDL-C (lbLDL-C) were calculated. RESULTS Prediabetic male and female subjects had significantly higher levels of TG, RLP-C, sdLDL-C, the sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratio, and LDL-TG than normal subjects, and statin treatment abolished this effect in men, but not in women. Diabetic male and female subjects had significantly higher TG and sdLDL-C/LDL-C ratios, and significantly lower levels of HDL-C, HDL2-C, HDL3-C, and apoE HDL-C than normal subjects, as did prediabetic women. Median direct LDL-C levels were >100 mg/dL in all groups, even in those receiving statin therapy. Calculated LDL-C significantly underestimated direct LDL-C by >10% in diabetic subjects. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that prediabetic subjects were more likely to have significantly elevated RLP-C, sdLDL-C, and LDL-TG, while diabetic subjects were more likely to have significantly decreased HDL-C, HDL2-C, HDL3-C, and apoE HDL-C than normal subjects, and calculated LDL-C significantly underestimated their direct LDL-C. In our view, direct LDL-C and sdLDL-C should be measured and optimized in both diabetic and prediabetic subjects to reduce CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Hsu
- Department of Insured Medical Care Management, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Powen Hsu
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Lotung, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hui Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lo-Hsu Medical Foundation Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Lotung, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Yasuki Ito
- Research and Development Center, Denka-Seiken Company, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Kanda
- Department of Medical Science, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Ernst J Schaefer
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Masumi Ai
- Department of Insured Medical Care Management, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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Nouryazdan N, Adibhesami G, Birjandi M, Heydari R, Yalameha B, Shahsavari G. Study of angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism, enzyme activity and oxidized low density lipoprotein in Western Iranians with atherosclerosis: a case-control study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2019; 19:184. [PMID: 31370787 PMCID: PMC6676562 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-019-1158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been indicated that Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion (ACE I/D) polymorphism (rs4646994) could be regarded as a genetic factor that raises the risk of CAD through its impact on the activity of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin II level. The present study seeks to examine the relationship between ACE I/D polymorphism with the risk of atherosclerosis. Moreover, its potential effects on ACE activity and oxLDL level are investigated. Methods In this study, 145 healthy individuals and 154 patients (143 males and 156 females) were selected among the subjects referred to Shahid Madani Hospital. Atherosclerosis was determined in all subjects with gold standard angiography. Blood samples were collected, used to isolate white blood cells (WBC) and serum separation. The DNA was extracted and the polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The enzyme activity was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results This study indicated that patients with atherosclerosis had higher levels of oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein (oxLDL) and ACE activity (P < 0.05) as compared to controls. Although we found a significant association between ACE I/D polymorphism genotype and the allele with atherosclerosis in the male group, there were no association when the entire patient group was compared to the entire control group. Conclusion Our study revealed the ACE I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene may not be an independent risk factor in the development of atherosclerosis and evaluation of ACE activity level is more important in evaluating the risk of disease. The researchers found no relation between ACE I/D polymorphism and atherosclerosis and also between types of genotype, ACE activity, and OxLDL level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Nouryazdan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Glavizh Adibhesami
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Birjandi
- Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Rouhollah Heydari
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Banafsheh Yalameha
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Shahsavari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran. .,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
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Dansinger ML, Williams PT, Superko HR, Schaefer EJ. Effects of weight change on apolipoprotein B-containing emerging atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk factors. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:154. [PMID: 31311555 PMCID: PMC6636168 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1094-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Non-high-density (HDL)-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-particle number, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), and small-dense (sdLDL) and large-buoyant (lbLDL) LDL-subfractions are emerging apo B-containing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk factors. Current guidelines emphasize lifestyle, including weight loss, for ASCVD risk management. Whether weight change affects these emerging risk factors beyond that predicted by traditional triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol measurements remains to be determined. Method Regression analyses of fasting ∆apo B-containing lipoproteins vs. ∆BMI were examined in a large anonymized clinical laboratory database of 33,165 subjects who did not report use of lipid-lowering medications. Regression slopes (±SE) were estimated as: *∆mmol/L per ∆kg/m2, †∆g/L per ∆kg/m2, ‡∆% per ∆kg/m2, and §∆μmol/L per ∆kg/m2. Results When adjusted for age, ∆BMI was significantly related to ∆nonHDL-cholesterol (males: 0.0238 ± 0.0041, P = 7.9 × 10− 9; females: 0.0330 ± 0.0037, P < 10− 16)*, ∆LDL-particles (males: 0.0128 ± 0.0024, P = 2.1 × 10− 7; females: 0.0114 ± 0.0022, P = 3.2 × 10− 7)*, ∆apo B (males: 0.0053 ± 0.0010, P = 7.9 × 10− 8; females: 0.0073 ± 0.0009, P = 2.2 × 10− 16)†, ∆sdLDL (males: 0.0125 ± 0.0015, P = 2.2 × 10− 16; females: 0.0128 ± 0.0012, P < 10− 16)*, ∆percent LDL carried on small dense particles (%sdLDL, males: 0.296 ± 0.035, P < 10− 16; females: 0.221 ± 0.023, P < 10− 16)‡, ∆triglycerides (males: 0.0358 ± 0.0049, P = 2.0 × 10− 13; females: 0.0304 ± 0.0029, P < 10− 16)*, and ∆LDL-cholesterol (males: 0.0128 ± 0.0034, P = 0.0002; females: 0.0232 ± 0.0031, P = 1.2 × 10− 13)* in both males and females. Age-adjusted ∆BMI was significantly related to ∆lbLDL in females (0.0098 ± 0.0024, P = 3.9 × 10− 5)* but not males (0.0007 ± 0.0026, P = 0.78)*. Female showed significantly greater increases in ∆LDL-cholesterol (P = 0.02) and ∆lbLDL (P = 0.008) per ∆BMI than males. ∆BMI had a greater effect on ∆LDL-cholesterol measured directly than indirect estimate of ∆LDL-cholesterol from the Friedewald equation. When sexes were combined and adjusted for age, sex, ∆triglycerides and ∆LDL-cholesterol, ∆BMI retained residual associations with ∆nonHDL-cholesterol (0.0019 ± 0.0009, P = 0.03)*, ∆LDL-particles (0.0032 ± 0.0010, P = 0.001)*, ∆apo B (0.0010 ± 0.0003, P = 0.0008)†, ∆Lp(a) (− 0.0091 ± 0.0021, P = 1.2 × 10− 5)§, ∆sdLDL (0.0001 ± 0.0000, P = 1.6 × 10− 11)* and ∆%sdLDL (0.151 ± 0.018, P < 10− 16) ‡. Conclusions Emerging apo B-containing risk factors show associations with weight change beyond those explained by the more traditional triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol measurements. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12944-019-1094-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Dansinger
- Boston Heart Diagnostics, 175 Crossing Boulevard, Suite 100, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA. .,Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | - Paul T Williams
- Boston Heart Diagnostics, 175 Crossing Boulevard, Suite 100, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA
| | - H Robert Superko
- Boston Heart Diagnostics, 175 Crossing Boulevard, Suite 100, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA
| | - Ernst J Schaefer
- Boston Heart Diagnostics, 175 Crossing Boulevard, Suite 100, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA.,Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center at Tufts University, 711 Washington St., Boston, MA, 02111, USA
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Wu B, Huang J, Zhang L, Kasukurthi MV, Huang F, Bian J, Fukuo K, Kazumi T. An integrative approach to investigate the association among high-sensitive C-reactive protein, body fat mass distribution, and other cardiometabolic risk factors in young healthy women. Methods 2018; 145:60-66. [PMID: 29702223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior research has indicated that as an important biomarker of chronic low-grade inflammation, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) can play important roles on the onset of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We conducted an integrative approach, which combines biological wet-lab experiments, statistical analysis, and semantics-oriented bioinformatics & computational analysis, to investigate the association among hs-CRP, body fat mass (FM) distribution, and other cardiometabolic risk factors in young healthy women. Research outcomes in this study resulted in two novel discoveries. Discovery 1: There are four primary determinants for hs-CRP, i.e., central/abdominal FM (a.k.a. trunk FM) accumulation, leptin, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and plasminogen activator inhibitior-1 (PAI-1). Discovery 2: Chronic inflammation may involve in adipocyte-cytokine interaction underlying the metabolic derangement in healthy young women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, PR China; Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Womens University, Japan.
| | - Jingshan Huang
- Computer Science Department, School of Computing, University of South Alabama, USA; College of Math and Computer Science, Fuzhou University, PR China; School of Information, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), PR China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, PR China
| | | | - Fangwan Huang
- College of Math and Computer Science, Fuzhou University, PR China
| | - Jiang Bian
- Department of Health Outcomes and Policy, University of Florida, USA
| | - Keisuke Fukuo
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Womens University, Japan; Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, School of Human Environmental Science, Mukogawa Womens University, Japan; Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Womens University, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kazumi
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Womens University, Japan; Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, School of Human Environmental Science, Mukogawa Womens University, Japan; Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Womens University, Japan
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Abstract
Accumulating clinical evidence has suggested serum triglyceride (TG) is a leading predictor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, comparable to low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (C) in populations with type 2 diabetes, which exceeds the predictive power of hemoglobinA1c. Atherogenic dyslipidemia in diabetes consists of elevated serum concentrations of TG-rich lipoproteins (TRLs), a high prevalence of small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and low concentrations of cholesterol-rich high-density lipoprotein (HDL)2-C. A central lipoprotein abnormality is an increase in large TG-rich very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)1, and other lipoprotein abnormalities are metabolically linked to increased TRLs. Insulin critically regulates serum VLDL concentrations by suppressing hepatic VLDL production and stimulating VLDL removal by activation of lipoprotein lipase. It is still debated whether hyperinsulinemia compensatory for insulin resistance is causally associated with the overproduction of VLDL. This review introduces experimental and clinical observations revealing that insulin resistance, but not hyperinsulinemia stimulates hepatic VLDL production. LDL and HDL consist of heterogeneous particles with different size and density. Cholesterol-depleted small dense LDL and cholesterol-rich HDL2 subspecies are particularly affected by insulin resistance and can be named “Metabolic LDL and HDL,” respectively. We established the direct assays for quantifying small dense LDL-C and small dense HDL(HDL3)-C, respectively. Subtracting HDL3-C from HDL-C gives HDL2-C. I will explain clinical relevance of measurements of LDL and HDL subspecies determined by our assays. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) substantially worsens plasma lipid profile thereby potentiated atherogenic risk. Finally, I briefly overview pathophysiology of dyslipidemia associated with DKD, which has not been so much taken up by other review articles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Hirano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Showa University School of Medicine
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45
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Keleşoğlu M, Kızılay F, Barutçuoğlu B, Başol G, Saraç F, Mutaf I, Semerci B. The relationship between lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 with cardiovascular risk factors in testosterone deficiency. Turk J Urol 2018; 44:103-108. [PMID: 29511577 DOI: 10.5152/tud.2017.30633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) which is believed to play a role in atherosclerotic inflammatory process due to its function in hydrolysis of phospholipids and release of pro-inflammatory products, is considered as a novel biomarker for vascular risk. In this study we aimed to investigate the alterations in Lp-PLA2 and its relationship with other cardiovascular risk factors in patients with testosterone deficiency. Material and methods Forty hypogonadic male and 30 healthy male aged between 18-50 years were enrolled in this study. Height-weight, waist-to-hip circumference, body mass index (BMI) blood pressure, and body fat measurements were performed in all subjects. Blood glucose, albumin, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), apo-A1, apo-B, fibrinogen, insulin, total testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), small dense low-density lipoprotein (sd-LDL), paraoxonase 1, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and Lp-PLA 2 values were measured. Free and bioavailable testosterone levels were calculated. Data management was carried out with the statistical program SAS Version 9.2. Statistical evaluations were performed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Kruskal-Wallis test, Wilcoxon test, correlation analysis and chi-square analysis. P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results In patients with hypogonadism, significant increase in Lp-PLA2 levels were accompanied with risk factors of atherosclerosis, such as increase in total cholesterol, apo-B, sd-LDL, weight, BMI, body fat percentage, and decrease in paraoxonase 1 levels. Although the differences were not significant, similarly ox-LDL, hs-CRP, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol levels were found to be higher in patients with hypogonadism compared to the control group. The mean level of Lp-PLA2 was the highest when compared with the group of secondary hypogonadism with the lowest testosterone level. Conlusion Our study has demonstrated that the testosterone deficiency increases cardiovascular risk via its effects on lipid metabolism and Lp-PLA2 can be used to assess this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Keleşoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Ege University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Fuat Kızılay
- Department of Urology, Ege University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Burcu Barutçuoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Ege University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Güneş Başol
- Department of Biochemistry, Ege University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Fulden Saraç
- Department of Endocrinology, Ege University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Işıl Mutaf
- Department of Biochemistry, Ege University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Bülent Semerci
- Department of Urology, Ege University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
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Li G, Wu HK, Wu XW, Cao Z, Tu YC, Ma Y, Wang WQ, Cheng J, Zhou ZH. Small dense low density lipoprotein-cholesterol and cholesterol ratios to predict arterial stiffness progression in normotensive subjects over a 5-year period. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:27. [PMID: 29433526 PMCID: PMC5810050 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0671-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small dense low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (sdLDL-C), cholesterol ratios and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) impart risk for all-cause morbidity and mortality independently of conventional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. This study was designed to identify feasible indicators for predicting arterial stiffness progression. METHODS We followed up 816 normotensive participants without diabetes or CVD for nearly 5.0 years. Cholesterol parameters, ratios and other clinical and laboratory data were collected at baseline. cf-PWV were measured at baseline and the end of follow-up. RESULTS PWV progression subjects had higher levels of PWV parameters, sdLDL-C and TG/HDL-C ratio. sdLDL-C and TG/HDL-C were significantly correlated with all PWV parameters. Multiple regression models showed that sdLDL-C was closely associated with follow-up PWV (β = 0.222, p < 0.001) and △PWV (β = 0.275, p < 0.001). TG/HDL-C was only one cholesterol ratios that associated with all PWV parameters. sdLDL-C (OR = 2.070, 95%CI: 1.162 to 3.688, p = 0.014) and TG/HDL-C (OR = 1.355, 95%CI: 1.136 to 1.617, p = 0.001) could significantly determine the progression of PWV after correction for covariates. High sd-LDL-C quantiles subjects were more likely to develop arterial stiffness progression than low quantiles (Tertiles 3 vs Tertiles1, RR = 2.867, 95%CI: 1.106 to 7.434, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION We founded that sdLDL-C and TG/HDL-C ratio can independently predict arterial stiffness progression in normotensive subjects, and high level sdLDL-C and TG/HDL-C ratio were associated with a higher risk of arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Emergency Department, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China.,Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui-Kun Wu
- Department of Hepatology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Hepatology, Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, TongJi Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhe Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan-Chao Tu
- Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yi Ma
- Emergency Department, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Wei-Qing Wang
- Emergency Department, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430061, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Emergency Department, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Zi-Hua Zhou
- Institute of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
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Wu B, Huang J, Fukuo K, Suzuki K, Yoshino G, Kazumi T. Different Associations of Trunk and Lower-Body Fat Mass Distribution with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors between Healthy Middle-Aged Men and Women. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:1289485. [PMID: 29531527 PMCID: PMC5817354 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1289485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess whether the gender-specific pattern of fat mass (FM) distribution is related to gender differences in cardiometabolic risk factors. 207 healthy middle-aged Japanese were included in the study. We measured FM in the total body, trunk, and lower-body with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The percentage of trunk FM (TFM) and lower-body FM (LFM) is noted as %TFM and %LFM, respectively. Other measurements included glucose and insulin during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), leptin, adiponectin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), and systemic oxidative stress marker. Arterial properties were indicated by cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery. The results showed that %TFM is higher whereas %LFM is lower in men than in women and men have a more atherogenic cardiometabolic profile. In both genders, %TFM (%LFM) is related to an unfavorable (favorable) cardiometabolic profile. In particular, the relation between %LFM and OGTT-derived insulin sensitivity index is stronger in women than in men. These findings suggested that in relatively healthy adults, android and gynoid pattern of FM distribution contributes to gender differences in cardiometabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46 Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, China
| | - Jingshan Huang
- School of Computing, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688-0002, USA
| | - Keisuke Fukuo
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46 Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558, Japan
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, School of Human Environmental Science, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46 Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558, Japan
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46 Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Suzuki
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46 Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558, Japan
| | - Gen Yoshino
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Omori-Ku, Omori-nishi 6-11-1, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kazumi
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46 Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558, Japan
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46 Ikebiraki-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8558, Japan
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48
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Inaku KO, Ogunkeye OO, Abbiyesuku FM, Chuhwak EK, Isichei CO, Imoh LC, Amadu NO, Abu AO. Elevation of small, dense low density lipoprotein cholesterol-a possible antecedent of atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype in type 2 diabetes patients in Jos, North-Central Nigeria. BMC Clin Pathol 2017; 17:26. [PMID: 29225514 PMCID: PMC5718080 DOI: 10.1186/s12907-017-0065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing. Dyslipidaemia is a known complication of diabetes mellitus manifesting frequently as cardiovascular diseases and stoke. Elevation of small, dense low density lipoprotein has been recognised as a component of the atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype associated with cardiovascular complications. We speculate that the elevation of this lipoprotein particle may be the antecedent of the atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype. This study therefore aims to determine the pattern of dyslipidaemia among diabetes mellitus patients in Jos, North-Central Nigeria. METHODS One hundred and seventy-six patients with type 2 diabetes and 154 age-matched controls were studied. The patients with diabetes were regular clinic attenders and had stable glycaemic control. None were on lipid-lowering therapy. Anthropometric indices, blood pressure, and lipids (including total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride) were measured by chemical methods using the Hitachi 902 analyzer. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol was calculated using the Friedewald's equation. Small, dense low density lipoprotein cholesterol, -sdLDL-C was measured using the precipitation method by Hirano et al. Means of the different groups were compared using EPI Info and a P-value of <0.05 was accepted as significant difference. RESULTS Total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride and small, dense lipoprotein cholesterol were all significantly higher in diabetes patients than controls except high density lipoprotein cholesterol. The percentage of LDL-C as sdLDL-C among the diabetes versus control group was 45% ± 17.79 v 32.0% ± 15.93. Serum sdLDL-C concentration was determined to be 1.45 ± 0.64 among diabetes patients and 0.8 ± 0.54 among control subjects. 75% of diabetes patients had hypertension and were taking blood pressure lowering medications. CONCLUSION The classical atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype was not demonstrated among subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus in this study, but the elevation of serum small dense low density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with sustained hypertension suggests the establishment of atherogenic complications among our diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth O. Inaku
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Cross River State Nigeria
| | - Obasola O. Ogunkeye
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State Nigeria
| | - Fayeofori M. Abbiyesuku
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State Nigeria
| | - Evelyn K. Chuhwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State Nigeria
| | - Christian O. Isichei
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State Nigeria
| | - Lucius C. Imoh
- Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Jos Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State Nigeria
| | - Noel O. Amadu
- Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Jos Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State Nigeria
| | - Alexander O. Abu
- Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Jos Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State Nigeria
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de Souza Zanchet MZ, Nardi GM, de Oliveira Souza Bratti L, Filippin-Monteiro FB, Locatelli C. Lycium barbarum Reduces Abdominal Fat and Improves Lipid Profile and Antioxidant Status in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:9763210. [PMID: 28685012 PMCID: PMC5480053 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9763210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Natural antioxidants present in fruits have attracted considerable interest due to their presumed safety and potential nutritional value. Even though antioxidant activities of many fruits have been reported, the effects of phytochemicals of goji berry (GB) in patients with metabolic syndrome have not been investigated. In this study, we examined anthropometric and biochemical parameters in patients with metabolic syndrome after the consumption of GB. The patients were divided into two groups, control (C) and supplemented (S), and followed up for 45 days. Participants were individually instructed to carry out a healthy diet, but additionally, an inclusion of 14 g of the natural form of goji berry in the diet during 45 days for the S group was proposed. After 45 days of study, a significant reduction in transaminases as well as an improvement in lipid profile in the S group was observed. Likewise, a significant reduction in the waist circumference of the S group was observed when compared with that of the C group, and increased glutathione and catalase levels associated with a reduction of lipid peroxidation. These results suggest that this is an effective dietary supplement for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in individuals with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Geisson Marcos Nardi
- Curso de Medicina, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais (ICEN), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT), Rondonópolis, MT, Brazil
| | | | | | - Claudriana Locatelli
- Laboratório de Bioquimica Experimental, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina (UNOESC), Joaçaba, SC, Brazil
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50
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Fernández-Cidón B, Padró-Miquel A, Alía-Ramos P, Castro-Castro MJ, Fanlo-Maresma M, Dot-Bach D, Valero-Politi J, Pintó-Sala X, Candás-Estébanez B. Reference values assessment in a Mediterranean population for small dense low-density lipoprotein concentration isolated by an optimized precipitation method. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2017; 13:201-207. [PMID: 28652759 PMCID: PMC5472427 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s132475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High serum concentrations of small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sd-LDL-c) particles are associated with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Their clinical application has been hindered as a consequence of the laborious current method used for their quantification. Objective Optimize a simple and fast precipitation method to isolate sd-LDL particles and establish a reference interval in a Mediterranean population. Materials and methods Forty-five serum samples were collected, and sd-LDL particles were isolated using a modified heparin-Mg2+ precipitation method. sd-LDL-c concentration was calculated by subtracting high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) from the total cholesterol measured in the supernatant. This method was compared with the reference method (ultracentrifugation). Reference values were estimated according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute and The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine recommendations. sd-LDL-c concentration was measured in serums from 79 subjects with no lipid metabolism abnormalities. Results The Passing–Bablok regression equation is y = 1.52 (0.72 to 1.73) + 0.07x (−0.1 to 0.13), demonstrating no significant statistical differences between the modified precipitation method and the ultracentrifugation reference method. Similarly, no differences were detected when considering only sd-LDL-c from dyslipidemic patients, since the modifications added to the precipitation method facilitated the proper sedimentation of triglycerides and other lipoproteins. The reference interval for sd-LDL-c concentration estimated in a Mediterranean population was 0.04–0.47 mmol/L. Conclusion An optimization of the heparin-Mg2+ precipitation method for sd-LDL particle isolation was performed, and reference intervals were established in a Spanish Mediterranean population. Measured values were equivalent to those obtained with the reference method, assuring its clinical application when tested in both normolipidemic and dyslipidemic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Fernández-Cidón
- Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pharmacotherapy, Pharmacogenetics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Ariadna Padró-Miquel
- Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Pedro Alía-Ramos
- Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | | | - Marta Fanlo-Maresma
- Cardiovascular Risk Unit, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Dolors Dot-Bach
- Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - José Valero-Politi
- Clinical Laboratory, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó-Sala
- Cardiovascular Risk Unit, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
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