1
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Sprenger RR, Bilgin M, Ostenfeld MS, Bjørnshave A, Rasmussen JT, Ejsing CS. Dietary intake of a MFGM/EV-rich concentrate promotes accretion of very long odd-chain sphingolipids and increases lipid metabolic turnover at the whole-body level. Food Res Int 2024; 190:114601. [PMID: 38945615 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Lipids from cow milk fat globule membranes (MFGMs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are considered beneficial for neurodevelopment, cognitive maintenance and human health in general. Nevertheless, it is largely unknown whether intake of infant formulas and medical nutrition products rich in these particles promote accretion of specific lipids and whether this affects metabolic homeostasis. To address this, we carried out a 16-week dietary intervention study where mice were supplemented with a MFGM/EV-rich concentrate, a control diet supplemented with a whey protein concentrate and devoid of milk lipids, or regular chow. Assessment of commonly used markers of metabolic health, including body weight, glucose intolerance and liver microanatomy, demonstrated no differences across the dietary regimes. In contrast, in-depth lipidomic analysis revealed accretion of milk-derived very long odd-chain sphingomyelins and ceramides in blood plasma and multiple tissues of mice fed the MFGM/EV diet. Furthermore, lipidomic flux analysis uncovered that mice fed the MFGM/EV diet have increased lipid metabolic turnover at the whole-body level. These findings help fill a long-lasting knowledge gap between the intake of MFGM/EV-containing foods and the health-promoting effects of their lipid constituents. In addition, the findings suggest that dietary sphingomyelins or ceramide-breakdown products with very long-chains can be used as structural components of cellular membranes, lipoprotein particles and signaling molecules that modulate metabolic homeostasis and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard R Sprenger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mesut Bilgin
- Lipidomics Core Facility, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Jan T Rasmussen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christer S Ejsing
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
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2
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Herrera-Marcos LV, Arbones-Mainar JM, Osada J. Lipoprotein Lipidomics as a Frontier in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Biomarker Discovery. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8285. [PMID: 39125855 PMCID: PMC11311740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a progressive liver disease characterized by the build-up of fat in the liver of individuals in the absence of alcohol consumption. This condition has become a burden in modern societies aggravated by the lack of appropriate predictive biomarkers (other than liver biopsy). To better understand this disease and to find appropriate biomarkers, a new technology has emerged in the last two decades with the ability to explore the unmapped role of lipids in this disease: lipidomics. This technology, based on the combination of chromatography and mass spectrometry, has been extensively used to explore the lipid metabolism of NAFLD. In this review, we aim to summarize the knowledge gained through lipidomics assays exploring tissues, plasma, and lipoproteins from individuals with NAFLD. Our goal is to identify common features and active pathways that could facilitate the finding of a reliable biomarker from this field. The most frequent observation was a variable decrease (1-9%) in polyunsaturated fatty acids in phospholipids and non-esterified fatty acids in NAFLD patients, both in plasma and liver. Additionally, a reduction in phosphatidylcholines is a common feature in the liver. Due to the scarcity of studies, further research is needed to properly detect lipoprotein, plasma, and tissue lipid signatures of NAFLD etiologies, and NAFLD subtypes, and to define the relevance of this technology in disease management strategies in the push toward personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis V. Herrera-Marcos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.V.H.-M.); (J.O.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M. Arbones-Mainar
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús Osada
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.V.H.-M.); (J.O.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
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Weigand K, Peschel G, Grimm J, Höring M, Krautbauer S, Liebisch G, Müller M, Buechler C. Serum Phosphatidylcholine Species 32:0 as a Biomarker for Liver Cirrhosis Pre- and Post-Hepatitis C Virus Clearance. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8161. [PMID: 39125730 PMCID: PMC11311844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is an essential lipid for liver health and lipoprotein metabolism, but its circulating levels have rarely been studied in patients with cirrhosis. Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection causes lipid abnormalities and is a major cause of cirrhosis. Effective HCV elimination with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) is associated with the normalization of serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Since PC is abundant in all lipoprotein particles, this study analyzed the association between serum PC species levels and liver cirrhosis before and after HCV eradication. Therefore, 27 PC species were measured by Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry in the serum of 178 patients with chronic HCV infection at baseline and in 176 of these patients at the end of therapy. The PC species did not correlate with viral load, and the levels of 13 PC species were reduced in patients infected with genotype 3a compared to those affected with genotype 1. Four PC species were slightly elevated 12 weeks after DAA initiation, and genotype-related changes were largely normalized. Patients with HCV and cirrhosis had higher serum levels of PC 30:0 and 32:0 before and at the end of therapy. PC species containing polyunsaturated fatty acids were mostly decreased in cirrhosis. The levels of polyunsaturated, but not saturated, PC species were inversely correlated with the model of the end-stage liver disease score. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed area under the curve values of 0.814 and 0.826 for PC 32:0 and 0.917 and 0.914 for % PC 32:0 (relative to the total PC levels) for the classification of cirrhosis at baseline and at the end of therapy, respectively. In conclusion, the specific upregulation of PC 32:0 in cirrhosis before and after therapy may be of diagnostic value in HCV-related cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Weigand
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (K.W.); (G.P.); (J.G.); (M.M.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, 56073 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Georg Peschel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (K.W.); (G.P.); (J.G.); (M.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Klinikum Fürstenfeldbruck, 82256 Fürstenfeldbruck, Germany
| | - Jonathan Grimm
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (K.W.); (G.P.); (J.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Marcus Höring
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.H.); (S.K.); (G.L.)
| | - Sabrina Krautbauer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.H.); (S.K.); (G.L.)
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (M.H.); (S.K.); (G.L.)
| | - Martina Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (K.W.); (G.P.); (J.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (K.W.); (G.P.); (J.G.); (M.M.)
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Thakral N, Desalegn H, Diaz LA, Cabrera D, Loomba R, Arrese M, Arab JP. A Precision Medicine Guided Approach to the Utilization of Biomarkers in MASLD. Semin Liver Dis 2024. [PMID: 38991536 DOI: 10.1055/a-2364-2928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
The new nomenclature of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) emphasizes a positive diagnosis based on cardiometabolic risk factors. This definition is not only less stigmatizing but also allows for subclassification and stratification, thereby addressing the heterogeneity of what was historically referred to as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The heterogeneity within this spectrum is influenced by several factors which include but are not limited to demographic/dietary factors, the amount of alcohol use and drinking patterns, metabolic status, gut microbiome, genetic predisposition together with epigenetic factors. The net effect of this dynamic and intricate system-level interaction is reflected in the phenotypic presentation of MASLD. Therefore, the application of precision medicine in this scenario aims at complex phenotyping with consequent individual risk prediction, development of individualized preventive strategies, and improvements in the clinical trial designs. In this review, we aim to highlight the importance of precision medicine approaches in MASLD, including the use of novel biomarkers of disease, and its subsequent utilization in future study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimish Thakral
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Hailemichael Desalegn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luis Antonio Diaz
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Cabrera
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rohit Loomba
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, MASLD Research Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Marco Arrese
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Arab
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
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5
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Ghaffari MH, Wilms JN, Caruso D, Sauerwein H, Leal LN. Serum lipidomic profiling of dairy calves fed milk replacers containing animal or vegetable fats. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)01007-5. [PMID: 39004138 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-25120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Vegetable fat blends are commonly used as fat sources in milk replacers (MR) for calves, but their composition differs considerably from that of bovine milk fat. The aim of this study was to investigate the serum lipid profile of pre-weaned calves fed twice-daily MR containing 30% fat (% DM). Upon arrival, 30 male Holstein-Friesian calves (BW = 45.6 ± 4.0 kg, age = 2.29 ± 0.8 d) were randomly assigned to 2 experimental diets (n = 15 per treatment): one MR was derived from either vegetable fats (VG; 80% rapeseed and 20% coconut fats) or animal fats (AN; 65% Packer's lard and 35% dairy cream). The 2 MR formulas contained 30% fat, 24% CP, and 36% lactose. Calves were housed indoors in individual pens with ad libitum access to chopped straw and water. Daily milk allowances were 6.0 L from d 1 to 5, 7.0 L from d 6 to 9, and 8.0 L from d 10 to 35, divided into 2 equal meals and prepared at 13.5% solids. An untargeted liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) method was employed to analyze the lipid profiles in the serum of calves sampled from the jugular vein at 35 d of age. In total, 594 lipids were characterized, comprising 25 different lipid classes. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed significant separation between VG and AN, indicating different lipid profiles in the serum. An orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) classification model was used to further validate the distinction between the 2 treatment groups. The model exhibited a robust class separation and high predictive accuracy. Using a Volcano plot (fold change threshold ≥1.5 and false discovery rate ≤0.05), it was observed that calves fed AN had higher levels of 39 lipid species in serum than calves fed VG, whereas 171 lipid species were lower in the AN group. Lipid classes, such as phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), sphingomyelin (SM), triglycerides (TG), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), were different. In particular, PC and PE were observed at lower levels in calves fed AN, possibly indicating shifts in cell membrane characteristics, intracellular signaling, and liver functions. In addition, a decrease in certain triglyceride (TG) species was observed in calves fed AN, including a decrease in TG species such as TG 36:0 and TG 38:0, possibly related to variations in the content of certain fatty acids (FA) within the AN MR, such as C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, and C18:0 compared with the VG MR. Calves fed AN had lower levels of LPC and LPE, and lyso-phosphatidylinositol (LPI), SM, and phosphatidylinositol (PI) species than calves fed VG, suggesting shifts in lipoprotein and lipid metabolic pathways. In conclusion, these results deepen the understanding of how lipid sources in MR can modulate the serum lipidome profiles of dairy calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Ghaffari
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany.
| | - J N Wilms
- Trouw Nutrition Research and Development, P.O. Box 299, 3800 AG, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - D Caruso
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano Via Balzaretti, 20133 Milano, Italy; Unitech OMICs, Mass Spectrometry Platform, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - H Sauerwein
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - L N Leal
- Trouw Nutrition Research and Development, P.O. Box 299, 3800 AG, Amersfoort, the Netherlands.
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Demmelmair H, Uhl O, Zhou SJ, Makrides M, Gibson RA, Prosser C, Gallier S, Koletzko B. Plasma Sphingomyelins and Carnitine Esters of Infants Consuming Whole Goat or Cow Milk-Based Infant Formulas or Human Milk. J Nutr 2024; 154:1781-1789. [PMID: 38615734 PMCID: PMC11217027 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infant formulas are typically manufactured using skimmed milk, whey proteins, and vegetable oils, which excludes milk fat globule membranes (MFGM). MFGM contains polar lipids, including sphingomyelin (SM). OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was comparison of infant plasma SM and acylcarnitine species between infants who are breastfed or receiving infant formulas with different fat sources. METHODS In this explorative study, we focused on SM and acylcarnitine species concentrations measured in plasma samples from the TIGGA study (ACTRN12608000047392), where infants were randomly assigned to receive either a cow milk-based infant formula (CIF) with vegetable oils only or a goat milk-based infant formula (GIF) with a goat milk fat (including MFGM) and vegetable oil mixture to the age ≥4 mo. Breastfed infants were followed as a reference group. Using tandem mass spectrometry, SM species in the study formulas and SM and acylcarnitine species in plasma samples collected at the age of 4 mo were analyzed. RESULTS Total SM concentrations (∼42 μmol/L) and patterns of SM species were similar in both formulas. The total plasma SM concentrations were not different between the formula groups but were 15 % (CIF) and 21% (GIF) lower in the formula groups than in the breastfed group. Between the formula groups, differences in SM species were statistically significant but small. Total carnitine and major (acyl) carnitine species were not different between the groups. CONCLUSIONS The higher total SM concentration in breastfed than in formula-fed infants might be related to a higher SM content in human milk, differences in cholesterol metabolism, dietary fatty acid intake, or other factors not yet identified. SM and acylcarnitine species composition in plasma is not closely related to the formula fatty acid composition. This trial was registered at Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry as ACTRN12608000047392.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Demmelmair
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany.
| | - Olaf Uhl
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Shao J Zhou
- Food and Wine, School of Agriculture, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Maria Makrides
- Woman's and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Robert A Gibson
- Food and Wine, School of Agriculture, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Colin Prosser
- Science Department, Dairy Goat Co-operative (NZ) Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Sophie Gallier
- Science Department, Dairy Goat Co-operative (NZ) Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany
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7
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Vianello E, Ambrogi F, Kalousová M, Badalyan J, Dozio E, Tacchini L, Schmitz G, Zima T, Tsongalis GJ, Corsi-Romanelli MM. Circulating perturbation of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is associated to cardiac remodeling and NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiovascular patients with insulin resistance risk. Exp Mol Pathol 2024; 137:104895. [PMID: 38703553 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2024.104895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Lipidome perturbation occurring during meta-inflammation is associated to left ventricle (LV) remodeling though the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, a key regulator of chronic inflammation in obesity-related disorders. Little is known about phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) as DAMP-induced NLRP3 inflammasome. Our study is aimed to evaluate if a systemic reduction of PC/PE molar ratio can affect NLRP3 plasma levels in cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients with insulin resistance (IR) risk. Forty patients from IRCCS Policlinico San Donato were enrolled, and their blood samples were drawn before heart surgery. LV geometry measurements were evaluated by echocardiography and clinical data associated to IR risk were collected. PC and PE were quantified by ESI-MS/MS. Circulating NLRP3 was quantified by an ELISA assay. Our results have shown that CVD patients with IR risk presented systemic lipid impairment of PC and PE species and their ratio in plasma was inversely associated to NLRP3 levels. Interestingly, CVD patients with IR risk presented LV changes directly associated to increased levels of NLRP3 and a decrease in PC/PE ratio in plasma, highlighting the systemic effect of meta-inflammation in cardiac response. In summary, PC and PE can be considered bioactive mediators associated to both the NLRP3 and LV changes in CVD patients with IR risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Vianello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Experimental Laboratory for Research on Organ Damage Biomarkers, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Italy.
| | - Federico Ambrogi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Marta Kalousová
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Prague General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Julietta Badalyan
- Scuola di Specializzazione in Statistica Sanitaria e Biometria, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Dozio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Experimental Laboratory for Research on Organ Damage Biomarkers, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Italy
| | - Lorenza Tacchini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Experimental Laboratory for Research on Organ Damage Biomarkers, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Italy
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tomáš Zima
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Prague General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gregory J Tsongalis
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Massimiliano M Corsi-Romanelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Experimental and Clinical Pathology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
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Bhale AS, Meilhac O, d'Hellencourt CL, Vijayalakshmi MA, Venkataraman K. Cholesterol transport and beyond: Illuminating the versatile functions of HDL apolipoproteins through structural insights and functional implications. Biofactors 2024. [PMID: 38661230 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) play a vital role in lipid metabolism and cardiovascular health, as they are intricately involved in cholesterol transport and inflammation modulation. The proteome of HDL particles is indeed complex and distinct from other components in the bloodstream. Proteomics studies have identified nearly 285 different proteins associated with HDL; however, this review focuses more on the 15 or so traditionally named "apo" lipoproteins. Important lipid metabolizing enzymes closely working with the apolipoproteins are also discussed. Apolipoproteins stand out for their integral role in HDL stability, structure, function, and metabolism. The unique structure and functions of each apolipoprotein influence important processes such as inflammation regulation and lipid metabolism. These interactions also shape the stability and performance of HDL particles. HDLs apolipoproteins have multifaceted roles beyond cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and are involved in various physiological processes and disease states. Therefore, a detailed exploration of these apolipoproteins can offer valuable insights into potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. This comprehensive review article aims to provide an in-depth understanding of HDL apolipoproteins, highlighting their distinct structures, functions, and contributions to various physiological processes. Exploiting this knowledge holds great potential for improving HDL function, enhancing cholesterol efflux, and modulating inflammatory processes, ultimately benefiting individuals by limiting the risks associated with CVDs and other inflammation-based pathologies. Understanding the nature of all 15 apolipoproteins expands our knowledge of HDL metabolism, sheds light on their pathological implications, and paves the way for advancements in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of lipid and inflammatory-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Sudam Bhale
- Centre for Bio-Separation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France
| | - Christian Lefebvre d'Hellencourt
- Inserm, UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, Saint-Pierre, France
| | | | - Krishnan Venkataraman
- Centre for Bio-Separation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Abrahams T, Nicholls SJ. Perspectives on the success of plasma lipidomics in cardiovascular drug discovery and future challenges. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2024; 19:281-290. [PMID: 38402906 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2292039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Plasma lipidomics has emerged as a powerful tool in cardiovascular drug discovery by providing insights into disease mechanisms, identifying potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis, and discovering novel targets for drug development. Widespread application of plasma lipidomics is hampered by technological limitations and standardization and requires a collaborative approach to maximize its use in cardiovascular drug discovery. AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview of the utility of plasma lipidomics in cardiovascular drug discovery and discusses the challenges and future perspectives of this rapidly evolving field. The authors discuss the role of lipidomics in understanding the molecular mechanisms of CVD, identifying novel biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis, and discovering new therapeutic targets for drug development. Furthermore, they highlight the challenges faced in data analysis, standardization, and integration with other omics approaches and propose future directions for the field. EXPERT OPINION Plasma lipidomics holds great promise for improving the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of CVD. While challenges remain in standardization and technology, ongoing research and collaboration among scientists and clinicians will undoubtedly help overcome these obstacles. As lipidomics evolves, its impact on cardiovascular drug discovery and clinical practice is expected to grow, ultimately benefiting patients and healthcare systems worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Abrahams
- From the Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen J Nicholls
- From the Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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10
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Peschel G, Krautbauer S, Weigand K, Grimm J, Höring M, Liebisch G, Müller M, Buechler C. Rising Lysophosphatidylcholine Levels Post-Hepatitis C Clearance. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1198. [PMID: 38256273 PMCID: PMC10816147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection alters lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) metabolism, enhancing viral infectivity and replication. Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) effectively treat HCV and rapidly normalize serum cholesterol. In serum, LPC species are primarily albumin-bound but are also present in lipoprotein particles. This study aims to assess the impact of HCV eradication on serum LPC species levels in patients infected with HCV. Therefore, 12 different LPC species were measured by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) in the sera of 178 patients with chronic HCV infections at baseline, and in 176 of these patients after therapy with DAAs. All LPC species increased at 4 and 12 weeks post-initiation of DAA therapy. The serum profiles of the LPC species were similar before and after the viral cure. Patients with HCV and liver cirrhosis exhibited lower serum levels of all LPC species, except LPC 16:1, both before and after DAA treatment. Percentages of LPC 18:1 (relative to the total LPC level) were higher, and % LPC 22:5 and 22:6 were lower in cirrhotic compared to non-cirrhotic patients at baseline and at the end of therapy. LPC species levels inversely correlated with the model of end-stage liver disease score and directly with baseline and post-therapy albumin levels. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated an area under the curve of 0.773 and 0.720 for % LPC 18:1 (relative to total LPC levels) for classifying fibrosis at baseline and post-therapy, respectively. In summary, HCV elimination was found to increase all LPC species and elevated LPC 18:1 relative to total LPC levels may have pathological significance in HCV-related liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Peschel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (G.P.); (K.W.); (J.G.); (M.M.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Klinikum Fürstenfeldbruck, 82256 Fürstenfeldbruck, Germany
| | - Sabrina Krautbauer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (S.K.); (M.H.); (G.L.)
| | - Kilian Weigand
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (G.P.); (K.W.); (J.G.); (M.M.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, 56073 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Jonathan Grimm
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (G.P.); (K.W.); (J.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Marcus Höring
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (S.K.); (M.H.); (G.L.)
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (S.K.); (M.H.); (G.L.)
| | - Martina Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (G.P.); (K.W.); (J.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (G.P.); (K.W.); (J.G.); (M.M.)
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11
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Sprenger RR, Ostenfeld MS, Bjørnshave A, Rasmussen JT, Ejsing CS. Lipidomic Characterization of Whey Concentrates Rich in Milk Fat Globule Membranes and Extracellular Vesicles. Biomolecules 2023; 14:55. [PMID: 38254655 PMCID: PMC10813332 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipids from milk fat globule membranes (MFGMs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are considered beneficial for cognitive development and human health. Milk-derived whey concentrates rich in these lipids are therefore used as ingredients in infant formulas to mimic human milk and in medical nutrition products to improve the metabolic fitness of adults and elderly people. In spite of this, there is no consensus resource detailing the multitude of lipid molecules in whey concentrates. To bridge this knowledge gap, we report a comprehensive and quantitative lipidomic resource of different whey concentrates. In-depth lipidomic analysis of acid, sweet, and buttermilk whey concentrates identified 5714 lipid molecules belonging to 23 lipid classes. The data show that the buttermilk whey concentrate has the highest level of fat globule-derived triacylglycerols and that the acid and sweet whey concentrates have the highest proportions of MFGM- and EV-derived membrane lipids. Interestingly, the acid whey concentrate has a higher level of cholesterol whereas sweet whey concentrate has higher levels of lactosylceramides. Altogether, we report a detailed lipid molecular compendium of whey concentrates and lay the groundwork for using in-depth lipidomic technology to profile the nutritional value of milk products and functional foods containing dairy-based concentrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard R. Sprenger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | - Jan T. Rasmussen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christer S. Ejsing
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Malajczuk CJ, Mancera RL. Unravelling the influence of surface lipids on the structure, dynamics and interactome of high-density lipoproteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184201. [PMID: 37541644 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2023.184201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Surface lipids influence the biological activities of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) but their species-specific effects on HDL structure, dynamics, and surface interactome has remained unclear. Building upon the five-lipid species HDL models developed and characterised in previous work, representative models of the major HDL subpopulations found in human plasma containing apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) have been studied using molecular dynamics simulation to describe their varying degrees of surface lipidome complexity. Specifically, two additional sets of representative HDL subpopulation particles were developed, one with sphingomyelin (SM) and the other with SM, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, and ceramide in quantities reflecting average levels characterised for HDL subpopulations derived from normolipidemic patients. These lipid species were assessed in terms of HDL size, morphology, dynamics, and overall interactome. The findings reveal that the presence of a representative SM fraction marginally enhanced HDL interfacial curvature and surface monolayer rigidity, manifesting in tighter phospholipid packing and slower surface lipid dynamics relative to SM-deficient HDL models. Furthermore, the presence of SM resulted in a reduction in the solvent exposure of core lipids and cholesterol molecules, whilst also enhancing apolipoprotein conformational flexibility and its overall twisting across the HDL surface. The hydrophobicity of apoA-I-bound lipid patches and the proportion of apoA-I hydrophobic surface area is enhanced by the overall lipidation of apoA-I irrespective of lipid composition. These findings offer new insights into how the surface lipid composition of different HDL subpopulations can significantly impact the overall interactome of HDL particles, potentially influencing subpopulation-specific biological functions like lipid scavenging and receptor interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris J Malajczuk
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute and Curtin Institute for Data Science, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Ricardo L Mancera
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute and Curtin Institute for Data Science, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
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13
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Bissonnette S, Lamantia V, Ouimet B, Cyr Y, Devaux M, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Chrétien M, Saleh M, Faraj M. Native low-density lipoproteins are priming signals of the NLRP3 inflammasome/interleukin-1β pathway in human adipose tissue and macrophages. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18848. [PMID: 37914804 PMCID: PMC10620147 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45870-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated plasma numbers of atherogenic apoB-lipoproteins (apoB), mostly as low-density lipoproteins (LDL), predict diabetes risk by unclear mechanisms. Upregulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome/interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) system in white adipose tissue (WAT) is implicated in type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, metabolic signals that stimulate it remain unexplored. We hypothesized that (1) subjects with high-apoB have higher WAT IL-1β-secretion than subjects with low-apoB, (2) WAT IL-1β-secretion is associated with T2D risk factors, and (3) LDL prime and/or activate the WAT NLRP3 inflammasome. Forty non-diabetic subjects were assessed for T2D risk factors related to systemic and WAT glucose and fat metabolism. Regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome was explored using LDL without/with the inflammasome's priming and activation controls (LPS and ATP). LDL induced IL1B-expression and IL-1β-secretion in the presence of ATP in WAT and macrophages. Subjects with high-apoB had higher WAT IL-1β-secretion independently of covariates. The direction of association of LDL-induced WAT IL-1β-secretion to T2D risk factors was consistently pathological in high-apoB subjects only. Adjustment for IL-1β-secretion eliminated the association of plasma apoB with T2D risk factors. In conclusion, subjects with high-apoB have higher WAT IL-1β-secretion that may explain their risk for T2D and may be related to LDL-induced priming of the NLRP3 inflammasome.ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04496154): Omega-3 to Reduce Diabetes Risk in Subjects With High Number of Particles That Carry "Bad Cholesterol" in the Blood-Full Text View-ClinicalTrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Bissonnette
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Office 1770.2, 110, Avenue Des Pins Ouest, Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada
- Montréal Diabetes Research Center (MDRC), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Valérie Lamantia
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Office 1770.2, 110, Avenue Des Pins Ouest, Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada
- Montréal Diabetes Research Center (MDRC), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Benjamin Ouimet
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Office 1770.2, 110, Avenue Des Pins Ouest, Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Yannick Cyr
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Office 1770.2, 110, Avenue Des Pins Ouest, Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada
- Montréal Diabetes Research Center (MDRC), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie Devaux
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Office 1770.2, 110, Avenue Des Pins Ouest, Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Remi Rabasa-Lhoret
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Office 1770.2, 110, Avenue Des Pins Ouest, Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada
- Montréal Diabetes Research Center (MDRC), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Chrétien
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Office 1770.2, 110, Avenue Des Pins Ouest, Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Maya Saleh
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - May Faraj
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Office 1770.2, 110, Avenue Des Pins Ouest, Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada.
- Montréal Diabetes Research Center (MDRC), Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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14
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Hammad SM, Lopes-Virella MF. Circulating Sphingolipids in Insulin Resistance, Diabetes and Associated Complications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14015. [PMID: 37762318 PMCID: PMC10531201 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids play an important role in the development of diabetes, both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, as well as in the development of both micro- and macro-vascular complications. Several reviews have been published concerning the role of sphingolipids in diabetes but most of the emphasis has been on the possible mechanisms by which sphingolipids, mainly ceramides, contribute to the development of diabetes. Research on circulating levels of the different classes of sphingolipids in serum and in lipoproteins and their importance as biomarkers to predict not only the development of diabetes but also of its complications has only recently emerged and it is still in its infancy. This review summarizes the previously published literature concerning sphingolipid-mediated mechanisms involved in the development of diabetes and its complications, focusing on how circulating plasma sphingolipid levels and the relative content carried by the different lipoproteins may impact their role as possible biomarkers both in the development of diabetes and mainly in the development of diabetic complications. Further studies in this field may open new therapeutic avenues to prevent or arrest/reduce both the development of diabetes and progression of its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar M. Hammad
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Maria F. Lopes-Virella
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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15
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Graham A. Modulation of the Cellular microRNA Landscape: Contribution to the Protective Effects of High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL). BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1232. [PMID: 37759631 PMCID: PMC10526091 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) play an established role in protecting against cellular dysfunction in a variety of different disease contexts; however, harnessing this therapeutic potential has proved challenging due to the heterogeneous and relative instability of this lipoprotein and its variable cargo molecules. The purpose of this study is to examine the contribution of microRNA (miRNA; miR) sequences, either delivered directly or modulated endogenously, to these protective functions. This narrative review introduces the complex cargo carried by HDL, the protective functions associated with this lipoprotein, and the factors governing biogenesis, export and the uptake of microRNA. The possible mechanisms by which HDL can modulate the cellular miRNA landscape are considered, and the impact of key sequences modified by HDL is explored in diseases such as inflammation and immunity, wound healing, angiogenesis, dyslipidaemia, atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, potentially offering new routes for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Graham
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
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16
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Padro T, López-Yerena A, Pérez A, Vilahur G, Badimon L. Dietary ω3 Fatty Acids and Phytosterols in the Modulation of the HDL Lipidome: A Longitudinal Crossover Clinical Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:3637. [PMID: 37630826 PMCID: PMC10459912 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are complex particles composed of a wide range of lipids, proteins, hormones and vitamins that confer to the HDL particles multiple cardiovascular protective properties, mainly against the development of atherosclerosis. Among other factors, the HDL lipidome is affected by diet. We hypothesized that diet supplementation with ω3 (docosahexaenoic acid: DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid: EPA) and phytosterols (PhyS) would improve the HDL lipid profile. Overweight subjects (n = 20) were enrolled in a two-arm longitudinal crossover study. Milk (250 mL/day), supplemented with either ω3 (EPA + DHA, 375 mg) or PhyS (1.6 g), was administered to the volunteers over two consecutive 28-day intervention periods, followed by HDL lipidomic analysis. The comprehensive lipid pattern revealed that the HDL lipidome is diet-dependent. ω3-milk supplementation produced more changes than PhyS, mainly in cholesteryl esters (CEs). After ω3-milk intake, levels of DHA and EPA within phosphatylcholines, triglycerides and CE lipids in HDLs increased (p < 0.05). The correlation between lipid species showed that lipid changes occur in a coordinated manner. Finally, our analysis revealed that the HDL lipidome is also sex-dependent. The HDL lipidome is affected by diet and sex, and the 4 weeks of ω3 supplementation induced HDL enrichment with EPA and DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Padro
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (A.L.-Y.); (G.V.); (L.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anallely López-Yerena
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (A.L.-Y.); (G.V.); (L.B.)
| | - Antonio Pérez
- Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08041 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (A.L.-Y.); (G.V.); (L.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (A.L.-Y.); (G.V.); (L.B.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Research Chair, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Ali-Berrada S, Guitton J, Tan-Chen S, Gyulkhandanyan A, Hajduch E, Le Stunff H. Circulating Sphingolipids and Glucose Homeostasis: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12720. [PMID: 37628901 PMCID: PMC10454113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are a family of lipid molecules produced through different pathways in mammals. Sphingolipids are structural components of membranes, but in response to obesity, they are implicated in the regulation of various cellular processes, including inflammation, apoptosis, cell proliferation, autophagy, and insulin resistance which favors dysregulation of glucose metabolism. Of all sphingolipids, two species, ceramides and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), are also found abundantly secreted into the bloodstream and associated with lipoproteins or extracellular vesicles. Plasma concentrations of these sphingolipids can be altered upon metabolic disorders and could serve as predictive biomarkers of these diseases. Recent important advances suggest that circulating sphingolipids not only serve as biomarkers but could also serve as mediators in the dysregulation of glucose homeostasis. In this review, advances of molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of ceramides and S1P association to lipoproteins or extracellular vesicles and how they could alter glucose metabolism are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ali-Berrada
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75006 Paris, France; (S.A.-B.); (S.T.-C.); (A.G.)
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Jeanne Guitton
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 9197, 91400 Saclay, France;
| | - Sophie Tan-Chen
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75006 Paris, France; (S.A.-B.); (S.T.-C.); (A.G.)
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Anna Gyulkhandanyan
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75006 Paris, France; (S.A.-B.); (S.T.-C.); (A.G.)
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Eric Hajduch
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75006 Paris, France; (S.A.-B.); (S.T.-C.); (A.G.)
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire ICAN, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Hervé Le Stunff
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 9197, 91400 Saclay, France;
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18
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Bantugan MA, Xian H, Solomon V, Lee M, Cai Z, Wang S, Duro MV, Kerman BE, Fonteh A, Meuret C, Li M, Braskie MN, McIntire LBJ, Jurin L, Oberlin S, Evans J, Davis R, Mack WJ, Abdullah L, Yassine HN. Associations of ApoE4 status and DHA supplementation on plasma and CSF lipid profiles and entorhinal cortex thickness. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100354. [PMID: 36958720 PMCID: PMC10230261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein ε allele 4 (APOE4) influences the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The entorhinal cortex (EC) in the brain is affected early in Alzheimer's disease and is rich in DHA. The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of APOE4 and DHA lipid species on the EC. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lipidomic measurements were obtained from the DHA Brain Delivery Pilot, a randomized clinical trial of DHA supplementation (n = 10) versus placebo (n = 12) for six months in nondemented older adults stratified by APOE4 status. Wild-type C57B6/J mice were fed a high or low DHA diet for 6 months followed by plasma and brain lipidomic analysis. Levels of phosphatidylcholine DHA (PC 38:6) and cholesterol ester DHA (CE 22:6) had the largest increases in CSF following supplementation (P < 0.001). DHA within triglyceride (TG) lipids in CSF strongly correlated with corresponding plasma TG lipids, and differed by APOE4, with carriers having a lower increase than noncarriers. Changes in plasma PC DHA had the strongest association with changes in EC thickness in millimeters, independent of APOE4 status (P = 0.007). In mice, a high DHA diet increased PUFAs within brain lipids. Our findings demonstrate an exchange of DHA at the CSF-blood barrier and into the brain within all lipid species with APOE having the strongest effect on DHA-containing TGs. The correlation of PC DHA with EC suggests a functional consequence of DHA accretion in high density lipoprotein for the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaila Ann Bantugan
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Haotian Xian
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Victoria Solomon
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mitchell Lee
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhiheng Cai
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shaowei Wang
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marlon V Duro
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bilal E Kerman
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alfred Fonteh
- Department of Neurosciences, Huntington Medical Research Institute, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Cristiana Meuret
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Meitong Li
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Meredith N Braskie
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laura Beth J McIntire
- Department of Radiology, Brain Health Imaging Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Wendy J Mack
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laila Abdullah
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA; James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hussein N Yassine
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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19
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Potts SB, Brady KM, Scholte CM, Moyes KM, Sunny NE, Erdman RA. Rumen-protected choline and methionine during the periparturient period affect choline metabolites, amino acids, and hepatic expression of genes associated with one-carbon and lipid metabolism. J Dairy Sci 2023:S0022-0302(23)00230-8. [PMID: 37173256 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Feeding supplemental choline and Met during the periparturient period can have positive effects on cow performance; however, the mechanisms by which these nutrients affect performance and metabolism are unclear. The objective of this experiment was to determine if providing rumen-protected choline, rumen-protected Met, or both during the periparturient period modifies the choline metabolitic profile of plasma and milk, plasma AA, and hepatic mRNA expression of genes associated with choline, Met, and lipid metabolism. Cows (25 primiparous, 29 multiparous) were blocked by expected calving date and parity and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: control (no rumen-protected choline or rumen-protected Met); CHO (13 g/d choline ion); MET (9 g/d DL-methionine prepartum; 13.5 g/d DL-methionine, postpartum); or CHO + MET. Treatments were applied daily as a top dress from ~21 d prepartum through 35 d in milk (DIM). On the day of treatment enrollment (d -19 ± 2 relative to calving), blood samples were collected for covariate measurements. At 7 and 14 DIM, samples of blood and milk were collected for analysis of choline metabolites, including 16 species of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and 4 species of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). Blood was also analyzed for AA concentrations. Liver samples collected from multiparous cows on the day of treatment enrollment and at 7 DIM were used for gene expression analysis. There was no consistent effect of CHO or MET on milk or plasma free choline, betaine, sphingomyelin, or glycerophosphocholine. However, CHO increased milk secretion of total LPC irrespective of MET for multiparous cows and in absence of MET for primiparous cows. Furthermore, CHO increased or tended to increase milk secretion of LPC 16:0, LPC 18:1, and LPC 18:0 for primi- and multiparous cows, although the response varied with MET supplementation. Feeding CHO also increased plasma concentrations of LPC 16:0 and LPC 18:1 in absence of MET for multiparous cows. Although milk secretion of total PC was unaffected, CHO and MET increased secretion of 6 and 5 individual PC species for multiparous cows, respectively. Plasma concentrations of total PC and individual PC species were unaffected by CHO or MET for multiparous cows, but MET reduced total PC and 11 PC species during wk 2 postpartum for primiparous cows. Feeding MET consistently increased plasma Met concentrations for both primi- and multiparous cows. Additionally, MET decreased plasma serine concentrations during wk 2 postpartum and increased plasma phenylalanine in absence of CHO for multiparous cows. In absence of MET, CHO tended to increase hepatic mRNA levels of betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase and phosphate cytidylyltransferase 1 choline, α, but tended to decrease expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase 2 and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α irrespective of MET. Although shifts in the milk and plasma PC profile were subtle and inconsistent between primi- and multiparous cows, gene expression results suggest that supplemental choline plays a probable role in promoting the cytidine diphosphate-choline and betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase pathways. However, interactive effects suggest that this response depends on Met availability, which may explain the inconsistent results observed among studies when supplemental choline is fed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Potts
- Western Maryland Research and Education Center, University of Maryland Extension, Keedysville 21756.
| | - K M Brady
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - C M Scholte
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park 20742
| | - K M Moyes
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park 20742
| | - N E Sunny
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park 20742
| | - R A Erdman
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park 20742
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20
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Peschel G, Weigand K, Grimm J, Müller M, Krautbauer S, Höring M, Liebisch G, Buechler C. Gender-Specific Differences in Serum Sphingomyelin Species in Patients with Hepatitis C Virus Infection-Sphingomyelin Species Are Related to the Model of End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) Score in Male Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098402. [PMID: 37176109 PMCID: PMC10179471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication depends on cellular sphingomyelin (SM), but serum SM composition in chronic HCV infection has been hardly analyzed. In this work, 18 SM species could be quantified in the serum of 178 patients with chronic HCV infection before therapy with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) and 12 weeks later, when therapy was completed. Six SM species were higher in the serum of females than males before therapy and nine at the end of therapy; thus, sex-specific analysis was performed. Type 2 diabetes was associated with lower serum levels of SM 36:2;O2 and 38:2;O2 in men. Serum SM species did not correlate with the viral load in both sexes. Of note, three SM species were lower in males infected with HCV genotype 3 in comparison to genotype 1 infection. These SM species normalized after viral cure. SM 38:1;O2, 40:1;O2, 41:1;O2, and 42:1;O2 (and, thus, total SM levels) were higher in the serum of both sexes at the end of therapy. In males, SM 39:1;O2 was induced in addition, and higher levels of all of these SM species were already detected at 4 weeks after therapy has been started. Serum lipids are related to liver disease severity, and in females 15 serum SM species were low in patients with liver cirrhosis before initiation of and after treatment with DAAs. The serum SM species did not correlate with the model of end-stage liver disease (MELD) score in the cirrhosis and the non-cirrhosis subgroups in females. In HCV-infected male patients, nine SM species were lower in the serum of patients with cirrhosis before DAA treatment and eleven at the end of the study. Most of the SM species showed strong negative correlations with the MELD score in the male cirrhosis patients before DAA treatment and at the end of therapy. Associations of SM species with the MELD score were not detected in the non-cirrhosis male subgroup. In summary, the current analysis identified sex-specific differences in the serum levels of SM species in HCV infection, in liver cirrhosis, and during DAA therapy. Correlations of SM species with the MELD score in male but not in female patients indicate a much closer association between SM metabolism and liver function in male patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Peschel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Klinikum Fürstenfeldbruck, 82256 Fürstenfeldbruck, Germany
| | - Kilian Weigand
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, 56073 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Jonathan Grimm
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martina Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Krautbauer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Höring
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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21
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Williams IM, Albertolle ME, Layden AJ, Tao SY, Fisher SJ, Gandley RE, Roberts JM. Lipidomics Reveals Elevated Plasmalogens in Women with Obesity Who Develop Preeclampsia. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12082970. [PMID: 37109308 PMCID: PMC10147017 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12082970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Preeclampsia (PE) is a prevalent pregnancy disorder worldwide with limited preventative treatments available. Obesity triples the risk for PE, yet only 10% of women with obesity develop PE. The factors that distinguish PE from uncomplicated pregnancies in the context of obesity have not been fully established. Methods: We studied a cohort of women with obesity throughout pregnancy to identify lipid mediators and/or biomarkers of PE. Blood samples were collected at each trimester and analyzed by both targeted lipidomics and standard lipid panels. Individual lipid species were compared by PE status at each trimester, as well as by self-identified race (Black vs. White) and fetal sex. Results: Standard lipid panels and clinical measurements revealed few differences between PE and uncomplicated pregnancies. Targeted lipidomics, however, identified plasmalogen, phosphatidylethanolamine, and free fatty acid species that were elevated in the third trimester of women with PE. Furthermore, race and trimester of pregnancy were considerable sources of plasma lipidomic variation in women with obesity. Conclusions: First and second trimester individual plasma lipid species do not predict the development of PE in obese women. In the third trimester, PE patients have elevated levels of plasmalogens-a class of lipoprotein-associated phospholipids that have been implicated in the response to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Williams
- Lipid Nanoparticle Platform Department, Takeda Development Center Americas, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Matthew E Albertolle
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department, Takeda Development Center Americas, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Alexander J Layden
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Sunny Y Tao
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Susan J Fisher
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - James M Roberts
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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22
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Heimerl S, Höring M, Kopczynski D, Sigruener A, Hart C, Burkhardt R, Black A, Ahrends R, Liebisch G. Quantification of bulk lipid species in human platelets and their thrombin-induced release. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6154. [PMID: 37061580 PMCID: PMC10105721 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33076-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids play a central role in platelet physiology. Changes in the lipidome have already been described for basal and activated platelets. However, quantitative lipidomic data of platelet activation, including the released complex lipids, are unavailable. Here we describe an easy-to-use protocol based on flow-injection mass spectrometry for the quantitative analysis of bulk lipid species in basal and activated human platelets and their lipid release after thrombin activation. We provide lipid species concentrations of 12 healthy human donors, including cholesteryl ester (CE), ceramide (Cer), free cholesterol (FC), hexosylceramide (HexCer), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS), sphingomyelin (SM) and triglycerides (TG). The assay exhibited good technical repeatability (CVs < 5% for major lipid species in platelets). Except for CE and TG, the inter-donor variability of the majority of lipid species concentrations in platelets was < 30% CV. Balancing of concentrations revealed the generation of LPC and loss of TG. Changes in lipid species concentrations indicate phospholipase-mediated release of arachidonic acid mainly from PC, PI, and PE but not from PS. Thrombin induced lipid release was mainly composed of FC, PS, PC, LPC, CE, and TG. The similarity of the released lipidome with that of plasma implicates that lipid release may originate from the open-canalicular system (OCS). The repository of lipid species concentrations determined with this standardized platelet release assay contribute to elucidating the physiological role of platelet lipids and provide a basis for investigating the platelet lipidome in patients with hemorrhagic or thrombotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Heimerl
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93042, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Höring
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93042, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Kopczynski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Sigruener
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93042, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christina Hart
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Burkhardt
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93042, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anne Black
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93042, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Robert Ahrends
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93042, Regensburg, Germany.
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23
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Lytle KA, Chung JO, Bush NC, Triay JM, Jensen MD. Ceramide concentrations in liver, plasma, and very low-density lipoproteins of humans with severe obesity. Lipids 2023; 58:107-115. [PMID: 36849669 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the relationships between ceramide species concentrations in liver, plasma and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) particles of humans with obesity as well as the relationships between hepatic fat content and hepatic ceramide concentrations and proportional distribution. Twenty-five obese (body mass index >35 kg/m2 ) adults participated in this study. Plasma, VLDL and hepatocellular ceramide concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. The proportionate distribution of measured ceramide species differed between liver, whole plasma and the VLDL fraction. We found significant, positive correlations between the proportion of C14:0, C18:0, C20:0 and C24:1 ceramide in the liver and whole plasma (γ = 0.491, p = 0.013; γ = 0.573, p = 0.003; γ = 0.479, p = 0.015; γ = 0.716, p = 0.00006; respectively). In contrast, only the proportional contribution of C24:1 ceramide correlated positively between VLDL and liver (γ = 0.425, p = 0.013). The percent hepatic fat correlated positively with the proportion of C18:1, C18:0 and C20:0 hepatic ceramides (γ = 0.415, p = 0.039; γ = 0.426, p = 0.034; γ = 0.612, p = 0.001; respectively), but not with total hepatic ceramide concentration. The proportions of whole plasma ceramide subspecies, especially C14:0, C18:0, C20:0 and C24:1chain length, are reflective of those of hepatic ceramide subspecies in obese humans; these appear to be markers of hepatic ceramide species composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli A Lytle
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jin Ook Chung
- Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Nikki C Bush
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Michael D Jensen
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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24
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Robust and high-throughput lipidomic quantitation of human blood samples using flow injection analysis with tandem mass spectrometry for clinical use. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:935-951. [PMID: 36598539 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04490-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Direct infusion of lipid extracts into the ion source of a mass spectrometer is a well-established method for lipid analysis. In most cases, nanofluidic devices are used for sample introduction. However, flow injection analysis (FIA) based on sample infusion from a chromatographic pump can offer a simple alternative to shotgun-based approaches. Here, we describe important modification of a method based on FIA and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). We focus on minimizing contamination of the FIA/MS both to render the lipidomic platform more robust and to increase its capacity and applicability for long-sequence measurements required in clinical applications. Robust validation of the developed method confirms its suitability for lipid quantitation in human plasma analysis. Measurements of standard human plasma reference material (NIST SRM 1950) and a set of plasma samples collected from kidney cancer patients and from healthy volunteers yielded highly similar results between FIA-MS/MS and ultra-high-performance supercritical fluid chromatography (UHPSFC)/MS, thereby demonstrating that all modifications have practically no effect on the statistical output. Newly modified FIA-MS/MS allows for the quantitation of 141 lipid species in plasma (11 major lipid classes) within 5.7 min. Finally, we tested the method in a clinical laboratory of the General University Hospital in Prague. In the clinical setting, the method capacity reached 257 samples/day. We also show similar performance of the classification models trained based on the results obtained in clinical settings and the analytical laboratory at the University of Pardubice. Together, these findings demonstrate the high potential of the modified FIA-MS/MS for application in clinical laboratories to measure plasma and serum lipid profiles.
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25
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Beyoğlu D, Schwalm S, Semmo N, Huwiler A, Idle JR. Hepatitis C Virus Infection Upregulates Plasma Phosphosphingolipids and Endocannabinoids and Downregulates Lysophosphoinositols. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021407. [PMID: 36674922 PMCID: PMC9864155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A mass spectrometry-based lipidomic investigation of 30 patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy blood donor controls was undertaken. The clustering and complete separation of these two groups was found by both unsupervised and supervised multivariate data analyses. Three patients who had spontaneously cleared the virus and three who were successfully treated with direct-acting antiviral drugs remained within the HCV-positive metabotype, suggesting that the metabolic effects of HCV may be longer-lived. We identified 21 metabolites that were upregulated in plasma and 34 that were downregulated (p < 1 × 10-16 to 0.0002). Eleven members of the endocannabinoidome were elevated, including anandamide and eight fatty acid amides (FAAs). These likely activated the cannabinoid receptor GPR55, which is a pivotal host factor for HCV replication. FAAH1, which catabolizes FAAs, reduced mRNA expression. Four phosphosphingolipids, d16:1, d18:1, d19:1 sphingosine 1-phosphate, and d18:0 sphinganine 1-phosphate, were increased, together with the mRNA expression for their synthetic enzyme SPHK1. Among the most profoundly downregulated plasma lipids were several lysophosphatidylinositols (LPIs) from 3- to 3000-fold. LPIs are required for the synthesis of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) pools that are required for HCV replication, and LPIs can also activate the GPR55 receptor. Our plasma lipidomic findings shed new light on the pathobiology of HCV infection and show that a subset of bioactive lipids that may contribute to liver pathology is altered by HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diren Beyoğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA 01119, USA
- Hepatology Research Group, Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Schwalm
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of General Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology, Inselspital, INO-F, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nasser Semmo
- Hepatology Research Group, Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Huwiler
- Institute of Pharmacology, Inselspital, INO-F, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (A.H.); (J.R.I.)
| | - Jeffrey R. Idle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA 01119, USA
- Hepatology Research Group, Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (A.H.); (J.R.I.)
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26
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Calzada C, Vors C, Penhoat A, Cheillan D, Michalski MC. Role of circulating sphingolipids in lipid metabolism: Why dietary lipids matter. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1108098. [PMID: 36712523 PMCID: PMC9874159 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1108098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are structural components of cell membranes and lipoproteins but also act as signaling molecules in many pathophysiological processes. Although sphingolipids comprise a small part of the plasma lipidome, some plasma sphingolipids are recognized as implicated in the development of metabolic diseases and cardiovascular diseases. Plasma sphingolipids are mostly carried out into lipoproteins and may modulate their functional properties. Lipids ingested from the diet contribute to the plasma lipid pool besides lipids produced by the liver and released from the adipose tissue. Depending on their source, quality and quantity, dietary lipids may modulate sphingolipids both in plasma and lipoproteins. A few human dietary intervention studies investigated the impact of dietary lipids on circulating sphingolipids and lipid-related cardiovascular risk markers. On the one hand, dietary saturated fatty acids, mainly palmitic acid, may increase ceramide concentrations in plasma, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and HDL. On the other hand, milk polar lipids may decrease some molecular species of sphingomyelins and ceramides in plasma and intestine-derived chylomicrons. Altogether, different dietary fatty acids and lipid species can modulate circulating sphingolipids vehicled by postprandial lipoproteins, which should be part of future nutritional strategies for prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Calzada
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRAE UMR1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre Bénite, France,*Correspondence: Catherine Calzada ✉
| | - Cécile Vors
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRAE UMR1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Armelle Penhoat
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRAE UMR1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - David Cheillan
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRAE UMR1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre Bénite, France,Service de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Marie-Caroline Michalski
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm U1060, INRAE UMR1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Pierre Bénite, France
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27
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Finney AC, Das S, Kumar D, McKinney MP, Cai B, Yurdagul A, Rom O. The interplay between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1116861. [PMID: 37200978 PMCID: PMC10185914 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1116861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic approaches that lower circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol significantly reduced the burden of cardiovascular disease over the last decades. However, the persistent rise in the obesity epidemic is beginning to reverse this decline. Alongside obesity, the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has substantially increased in the last three decades. Currently, approximately one third of world population is affected by NAFLD. Notably, the presence of NAFLD and particularly its more severe form, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), serves as an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), thus, raising interest in the relationship between these two diseases. Importantly, ASCVD is the major cause of death in patients with NASH independent of traditional risk factors. Nevertheless, the pathophysiology linking NAFLD/NASH with ASCVD remains poorly understood. While dyslipidemia is a common risk factor underlying both diseases, therapies that lower circulating LDL-cholesterol are largely ineffective against NASH. While there are no approved pharmacological therapies for NASH, some of the most advanced drug candidates exacerbate atherogenic dyslipidemia, raising concerns regarding their adverse cardiovascular consequences. In this review, we address current gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms linking NAFLD/NASH and ASCVD, explore strategies to simultaneously model these diseases, evaluate emerging biomarkers that may be useful to diagnose the presence of both diseases, and discuss investigational approaches and ongoing clinical trials that potentially target both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C. Finney
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Sandeep Das
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Dhananjay Kumar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - M. Peyton McKinney
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Bishuang Cai
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, United States
| | - Arif Yurdagul
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Correspondence: Arif Yurdagul Oren Rom
| | - Oren Rom
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Correspondence: Arif Yurdagul Oren Rom
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28
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Weigand K, Peschel G, Grimm J, Müller M, Höring M, Krautbauer S, Liebisch G, Buechler C. HCV Infection and Liver Cirrhosis Are Associated with a Less-Favorable Serum Cholesteryl Ester Profile Which Improves through the Successful Treatment of HCV. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123152. [PMID: 36551908 PMCID: PMC9775323 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) lowers serum cholesterol levels, which rapidly recover during therapy with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). Serum cholesterol is also reduced in patients with liver cirrhosis. Studies investigating serum cholesterol in patients with chronic liver diseases are generally based on enzymatic assays providing total cholesterol levels. Hence, these studies do not account for the individual cholesteryl ester (CE) species, which have different properties according to acyl chain length and desaturation. Methods: Free cholesterol (FC) and 15 CE species were quantified by flow injection analysis high-resolution Fourier Transform mass spectrometry (FIA-FTMS) in the serum of 178 patients with chronic HCV before therapy and during treatment with DAAs. Results: Serum CEs were low in HCV patients with liver cirrhosis and, compared to patients without cirrhosis, proportions of CE 16:0 and 16:1 were higher whereas % CE 20:4 and 20:5 were reduced. FC levels were unchanged, and the CE/FC ratio was consequently low in cirrhosis. FC and CEs did not correlate with viral load. Four CE species were reduced in genotype 3 compared to genotype 1-infected patients. During DAA therapy, 9 of the 15 measured CE species, and the CE/FC ratio, increased. Relative to total CE levels, % CE 16:0 declined and % CE 18:3 was higher at therapy end. At this time, % CE 14:0, 16:0 and 16:1 were higher and % CE 20:4 and 22:6 were lower in the cirrhosis than the non-cirrhosis patients. Viral genotype associated changes of CEs disappeared at therapy end. Conclusions: The serum CE composition differs between patients with and without liver cirrhosis, and changes through the efficient elimination of HCV. Overall, HCV infection and cirrhosis are associated with a higher proportion of CE species with a lower number of carbon atoms and double bonds, reflecting a less-favorable CE profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Weigand
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, 56073 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Georg Peschel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Klinikum Fürstenfeldbruck, 82256 Fürstenfeldbruck, Germany
| | - Jonathan Grimm
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martina Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Höring
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Krautbauer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-941-944-7009
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29
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Kurano M, Tsukamoto K, Sakai E, Yatomi Y. Differences in the Distribution of Ceramides and Sphingosine among Lipoprotein and Lipoprotein-Depleted Fractions in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Atheroscler Thromb 2022; 29:1727-1758. [PMID: 35082227 PMCID: PMC9881536 DOI: 10.5551/jat.63249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM In addition to the quantity and quality, the carriers, such as lipoproteins and albumin, can affect the physiological properties and clinical significance of lipids. This study aimed to elucidate the modulation of the levels of ceramides and sphingosine, which are considered as proatherosclerotic lipids, in lipoproteins and lipoprotein-depleted fractions in subjects with type 2 diabetes. METHODS We separated the serum samples collected from healthy subjects (n=22) and subjects with type 2 diabetes (n=39) into Triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins (TRL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and lipoprotein-depleted fractions via ultracentrifugation. Then, we measured the levels of six species of ceramides, sphingosine, and dihydrosphingosine via LC-MS/MS and statistically analyzed them to identify the sphingolipids in each fraction, which are associated with diabetes as well as cardiovascular and renal complications. RESULTS In subjects with diabetes, the levels of sphingosine and dihydrosphingosine in the TRL, LDL, and lipoprotein-depleted fractions were higher, whereas those in the HDL were lower. In addition, the ceramide levels in HDL were lower, whereas those in lipoprotein-depleted fractions were higher. Furthermore, The levels of ceramides in lipoproteins, especially LDL, were negatively associated with the presence of cardiovascular diseases and stage 4 diabetic nephropathy. CONCLUSIONS The contents of ceramides and sphingosine in lipoproteins and lipoprotein-depleted fractions were differently modulated in diabetes and associated with cardiovascular diseases and diabetic nephropathy. The carrier might be an important factor for the biological properties and clinical significance of these sphingolipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kurano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Tsukamoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Sakai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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30
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Xia T, Chen L, Fei Z, Liu X, Dai J, Hinkle SN, Zhu Y, Wu J, Weir NL, Tsai MY, Zhang C. A longitudinal study on associations of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity with plasma monounsaturated fatty acids in pregnancy. Front Nutr 2022; 9:983418. [PMID: 36352907 PMCID: PMC9637551 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.983418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity (PA) during pregnancy influences women and offspring's health via fatty acids metabolism. However, studies on associations of PA with plasma monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) across pregnancy are sparse. Thus, our study aimed to examine associations of PA with individual plasma phospholipid MUFAs throughout pregnancy in a prospective and longitudinal study in the United States (US). Materials and methods The study included 318 pregnant women from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Fetal Growth Studies-Singletons cohort. PA was measured four times: PA reported at 10-14 gestational weeks (GWs) representing PA in the past year, and at 15-26 GWs, 23-31 GWs, and 33-39 GWs representing PA since the last visit. Plasma phospholipid MUFAs were measured at the same four visits as the measurement of PA. Associations between moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and the total MUFAs and seven individual plasma phospholipid MUFAs (i.e., palmitoleic acid, 18:1n6-9 trans, 18:1n6c, cis-vaccenic acid, oleic acid, eicosenoic acid, and nervonic acid) were assessed at each visit using multivariable linear regression models adjusting for confounders. Results MVPA (hours/week) reported at 15-26 GWs representing MVPA since the last visit was positively associated with total MUFAs (% of total fatty acids) [adjusted β*102 (standard error (SE)*102) = 10.41 (3.19), P = 0.001] at 15-26 GWs. For individual MUFAs, MVPA reported at 15-26 GWs representing MVPA since the last visit was positively associated with oleic acid [adjusted β*102 (SE*102) = 8.56 (2.65), P = 0.001] and eicosenoic acid [adjusted β*102 (SE*102) = 0.55 (0.20), P = 0.01] at 15-26 GWs. MVPA reported at 23-31 GWs representing MVPA since the last visit was positively associated with palmitoleic acid [adjusted β*102 (SE*102) = 2.24 (0.64), P = 0.001] at 23-31 GWs. MVPA reported at 10-14 GWs and 33-39 GWs was not associated with total or individual MUFAs. Conclusion We found novel positive associations of MVPA with individual MUFAs, such as oleic acid, eicosenoic acid, and palmitoleic acid, during middle-to-late pregnancy. These findings suggest that MVPA represents a potentially modifiable factor for plasma individual MUFA levels during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xia
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Liwei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zhe Fei
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jin Dai
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Stefanie N. Hinkle
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yeyi Zhu
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Jing Wu
- Glotech, Inc., Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Natalie L. Weir
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Michael Y. Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Cuilin Zhang
- Global Center for Asian Women’s Health, Bia-Echo Asia Centre for Reproductive Longevity & Equality, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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31
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Molecular Characterization of Plasma HDL, LDL, and VLDL Lipids Cargos from Atherosclerotic Patients with Advanced Carotid Lesions: A Preliminary Report. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012449. [PMID: 36293312 PMCID: PMC9604033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotid atherosclerosis represents a relevant healthcare problem, since unstable plaques are responsible for approximately 15% of neurologic events, namely transient ischemic attack and stroke. Although statins treatment has proven effective in reducing LDL-cholesterol and the onset of acute clinical events, a residual risk may persist suggesting the need for the detection of reliable molecular markers useful for the identification of patients at higher risk regardless of optimal medical therapy. In this regard, several lines of evidence show a relationship among specific biologically active plasma lipids, atherosclerosis, and acute clinical events. We performed a Selected Reaction Monitoring-based High Performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry (SRM-based HPLC-MS/MS) analysis on plasma HDL, LDL, and VLDL fractions purified, by isopycnic salt gradient ultracentrifugation, from twenty-eight patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy, having either a “hard” or a “soft” plaque, with the aim of characterizing the specific lipidomic patterns associated with features of carotid plaque instability. One hundred and thirty lipid species encompassing different lipid (sub)classes were monitored. Supervised multivariate analysis showed that lipids belonging to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), sphingomyelin (SM), and diacylglycerol (DG) classes mostly contribute to discrimination within each lipoprotein fraction according to the plaque typology. Differential analysis evidenced a significant dysregulation of LDL PE (38:6), SM (32:1), and SM (32:2) between the two groups of patients (adj. p-value threshold = 0.05 and log2FC ≥ |0.58|). Using this approach, some LDL-associated markers of plaque vulnerability have been identified, in line with the current knowledge of the key roles of these phospholipids in lipoprotein metabolism and cardiovascular disease. This proof-of-concept study reports promising results, showing that lipoprotein lipidomics may present a valuable approach for identifying new biomarkers of potential clinical relevance.
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32
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Bhale AS, Venkataraman K. Leveraging knowledge of HDLs major protein ApoA1: Structure, function, mutations, and potential therapeutics. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113634. [PMID: 36063649 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) is a member of the Apolipoprotein family of proteins. It's a vital protein that helps in the production of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, which are crucial for reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). It also has anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, anti-apoptotic, and anti-thrombotic properties. These functions interact to give HDL particles their cardioprotective characteristics. ApoA1 has recently been investigated for its potential role in atherosclerosis, diabetes, neurological diseases, cancer, and certain infectious diseases. Since ApoA1's discovery, numerous mutations have been reported that affect its structural integrity and alter its function. Hence these insights have led to the development of clinically relevant peptides and synthetic reconstituted HDL (rHDL) that mimics the function of ApoA1. As a result, this review has aimed to provide an organized explanation of our understanding of the ApoA1 protein structure and its role in various essential pathways. Furthermore, we have comprehensively reviewed the important ApoA1 mutations (24 mutations) that are reported to be involved in various diseases. Finally, we've focused on the therapeutic potentials of some of the beneficial mutations, small peptides, and synthetic rHDL that are currently being researched or developed, since these will aid in the development of novel therapeutics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Sudam Bhale
- Centre for Bio-Separation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnan Venkataraman
- Centre for Bio-Separation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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33
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Morgan HL, Furse S, Dias IHK, Shabir K, Castellanos M, Khan I, May ST, Holmes N, Carlile M, Sang F, Wright V, Koulman A, Watkins AJ. Paternal low protein diet perturbs inter-generational metabolic homeostasis in a tissue-specific manner in mice. Commun Biol 2022; 5:929. [PMID: 36075960 PMCID: PMC9458637 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03914-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms driving paternally-programmed metabolic disease in offspring remain poorly defined. We fed male C57BL/6 mice either a control normal protein diet (NPD; 18% protein) or an isocaloric low protein diet (LPD; 9% protein) for a minimum of 8 weeks. Using artificial insemination, in combination with vasectomised male mating, we generated offspring using either NPD or LPD sperm but in the presence of NPD or LPD seminal plasma. Offspring from either LPD sperm or seminal fluid display elevated body weight and tissue dyslipidaemia from just 3 weeks of age. These changes become more pronounced in adulthood, occurring in conjunction with altered hepatic metabolic and inflammatory pathway gene expression. Second generation offspring also display differential tissue lipid abundance, with profiles similar to those of first generation adults. These findings demonstrate that offspring metabolic homeostasis is perturbed in response to a suboptimal paternal diet with the effects still evident within a second generation. Poor paternal diet leads to changes in offspring tissue lipid abundance that is still evident in a second generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Morgan
- Lifespan and Population Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Samuel Furse
- Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Keith Day Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.,Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.,Biological Chemistry Group, Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AE, UK
| | - Irundika H K Dias
- Aston Medical School, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Kiran Shabir
- Aston Medical School, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Marcos Castellanos
- Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre (NASC), University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Plant Science Building, School of Biosciences, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Iqbal Khan
- Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre (NASC), University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Plant Science Building, School of Biosciences, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Sean T May
- Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre (NASC), University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Plant Science Building, School of Biosciences, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Nadine Holmes
- Deep Seq, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Matthew Carlile
- Deep Seq, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Fei Sang
- Deep Seq, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Victoria Wright
- Deep Seq, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Albert Koulman
- Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre, Keith Day Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.,Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Adam J Watkins
- Lifespan and Population Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
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Höring M, Peschel G, Grimm J, Krautbauer S, Müller M, Weigand K, Liebisch G, Buechler C. Serum Ceramide Species Are Associated with Liver Cirrhosis and Viral Genotype in Patients with Hepatitis C Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179806. [PMID: 36077197 PMCID: PMC9456360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection affects ceramide metabolism, and, here, we have evaluated associations of eight serum ceramide species with viral load, viral genotype, and disease markers in 178 patients with chronic HCV. In this cohort, ceramide d18:1;O2/16:0 was higher in the serum of the 20 diabetic patients compared to the patients without this complication. Moreover, ceramide d18:1;O2/24:0 was negatively correlated with age. Of note, all but ceramide d18:1;O2/16:0 and 26:0 were diminished in the serum of patients with liver cirrhosis and, with the exception of ceramide d18:1;O2/16:0, were negatively correlated with the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score. Most of the serum ceramides are carried in low-density lipoprotein (LDL), which rises following effective direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy. Ceramide d18:1;O2/24:0 recovered in parallel with LDL, whereas ceramide d18:1;O2/18:0 declined. Genotype-3-infected patients had the lowest ceramide levels, which were comparable to other genotypes after DAA treatment. Notably, ceramide d18:1;O2/23:0 and 24:0 were negatively correlated with the MELD score in patients with liver cirrhosis at the end of DAA therapy. Long-chain (LC) ceramides show adverse effects, whereas very-long-chain (VL) species have protective functions in the liver. The ratio of VL/LC ceramides was higher in non-cirrhosis patients than cirrhosis patients and further increased at the end of therapy in this subgroup. In summary, our study shows that serum ceramide levels are related to liver cirrhosis and viral genotype. Whether the more favorable serum ceramide profile in non-cirrhosis patients, before and after DAA therapy, is of pathophysiological importance needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Höring
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Georg Peschel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Klinikum Fürstenfeldbruck, 82256 Fürstenfeldbruck, Germany
| | - Jonathan Grimm
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Krautbauer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martina Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kilian Weigand
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, 56073 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-941-944-7009
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Nasiri-Ansari N, Androutsakos T, Flessa CM, Kyrou I, Siasos G, Randeva HS, Kassi E, Papavassiliou AG. Endothelial Cell Dysfunction and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): A Concise Review. Cells 2022; 11:2511. [PMID: 36010588 PMCID: PMC9407007 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases worldwide. It is strongly associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and other metabolic syndrome features. Reflecting the underlying pathogenesis and the cardiometabolic disorders associated with NAFLD, the term metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has recently been proposed. Indeed, over the past few years, growing evidence supports a strong correlation between NAFLD and increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, independent of the presence of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. This implies that NAFLD may also be directly involved in the pathogenesis of CVD. Notably, liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (LSEC) dysfunction appears to be implicated in the progression of NAFLD via numerous mechanisms, including the regulation of the inflammatory process, hepatic stellate activation, augmented vascular resistance, and the distortion of microcirculation, resulting in the progression of NAFLD. Vice versa, the liver secretes inflammatory molecules that are considered pro-atherogenic and may contribute to vascular endothelial dysfunction, resulting in atherosclerosis and CVD. In this review, we provide current evidence supporting the role of endothelial cell dysfunction in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and NAFLD-associated atherosclerosis. Endothelial cells could thus represent a "golden target" for the development of new treatment strategies for NAFLD and its comorbid CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Nasiri-Ansari
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros Androutsakos
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Christina-Maria Flessa
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Ioannis Kyrou
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- Third Department of Cardiology, ‘Sotiria’ Thoracic Diseases General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Harpal S. Randeva
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Eva Kassi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Endocrine Unit, 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, ‘Laiko’ General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G. Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Dietary Inulin Supplementation Affects Specific Plasmalogen Species in the Brain. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153097. [PMID: 35956273 PMCID: PMC9370380 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmalogens (Pls) are glycerophospholipids that play critical roles in the brain. Evidence supports the role of diet and that of the gut microbiota in regulating brain lipids. We investigated the impact of dietary intake of inulin—a soluble fiber used as prebiotic—on the Pl content of the cortex in mice. No global modification in the Pl amounts was observed when evaluated by gas chromatographic analysis of dimethyl acetals (DMAs). However, the analysis of individual molecular species of Pls by liquid chromatography revealed a reduced abundance of major species of ethanolamine Pls (PlsEtn)―PE(P-18:0/22:6) and PE(P-34:1)―in the cortex of mice fed a diet supplemented with inulin. DMA and expression levels of genes (Far-1, Gnpat, Agps, Pla2g6 and Tmem86b) encoding key enzymes of Pl biosynthesis or degradation were not altered in the liver and in the cortex of mice exposed to inulin. In addition, the fatty acid profile and the amount of lyso forms derived from PlsEtn were not modified in the cortex by inulin consumption. To conclude, inulin affects the brain levels of major PlsEtn and further investigation is needed to determine the exact molecular mechanisms involved.
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A meal rich in palm oil or butter modifies the sphingolipid profile of postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoproteins from type 2 diabetic women. Biochimie 2022; 203:11-19. [PMID: 35817131 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Elevated concentrations of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRL) in the fasting and postprandial states are risk factors for cardiovascular events, especially in type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D modifies the lipid composition of plasma and lipoproteins and some sphingolipids (SP) have been validated as potent predictive biomarkers of cardiovascular disease occurrence. The main objectives of the present study were to characterize the plasma SP profile in fasting T2D patients and to determine whether SP are modified in postprandial TGRL from these patients compared to fasting TGRL. In a randomized parallel-group study, 30 T2D women ingested a breakfast including 20g lipids from either hazelnut cocoa palm oil-rich spread (Palm Nut) or Butter. Plasma was collected and TGRL were isolated by ultracentrifugation at fasting and 4h after the meal. Fasting samples of 6 control subjects from another cohort were analyzed for comparison. SP were analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry. Plasma from fasting T2D patients had higher ceramide (Cer) and ganglioside GM3 concentrations, and lower concentrations of sphingosylphosphorylcholine vs healthy subjects. In postprandial TGRL from T2D patients compared to those in the fasting state, Cer concentrations and especially C16:0, C24:1 and C24:0 molecular species, increased after the Palm Nut or Butter breakfast. A positive correlation was observed in the Palm Nut group between changes (Δ4h-fasting) of summed C16:0+C22:0+C24:1+C24:0 Cer concentrations in TGRL, and changes in plasma TG, TGRL-TG and TGRL-C16:0 concentrations. Altogether in T2D, the altered profile of plasma SP and the increased Cer concentrations in postprandial TGRL could contribute to the increased atherogenicity of TGRL.
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Effects of Omega-3 and Antioxidant Cocktail Supplement on Prolonged Bed Rest: Results from Serum Proteome and Sphingolipids Analysis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132120. [PMID: 35805205 PMCID: PMC9266137 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical inactivity or prolonged bed rest (BR) induces muscle deconditioning in old and young subjects and can increase the cardiovascular disease risk (CVD) with dysregulation of the lipemic profile. Nutritional interventions, combining molecules such as polyphenols, vitamins and essential fatty acids, can influence some metabolic features associated with physical inactivity and decrease the reactive oxidative and nitrosative stress (RONS). The aim of this study was to detect circulating molecules correlated with BR in serum of healthy male subjects enrolled in a 60-day BR protocol to evaluate a nutritional intervention with an antioxidant cocktail as a disuse countermeasure (Toulouse COCKTAIL study). The serum proteome, sphingolipidome and nitrosoproteome were analyzed adopting different mass spectrometry-based approaches. Results in placebo-treated BR subjects indicated a marked decrease of proteins associated with high-density lipoproteins (HDL) involved in lipemic homeostasis not found in the cocktail-treated BR group. Moreover, long-chain ceramides decreased while sphingomyelin increased in the BR cocktail-treated group. In placebo, the ratio of S-nitrosylated/total protein increased for apolipoprotein D and several proteins were over-nitrosylated. In cocktail-treated BR subjects, the majority of protein showed a pattern of under-nitrosylation, except for ceruloplasmin and hemopexin, which were over-nitrosylated. Collectively, data indicate a positive effect of the cocktail in preserving lipemic and RONS homeostasis in extended disuse conditions.
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HDL as Bidirectional Lipid Vectors: Time for New Paradigms. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051180. [PMID: 35625916 PMCID: PMC9138557 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-atherogenic properties of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) have been explained mainly by reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) from peripheral tissues to the liver. The RCT seems to agree with most of the negative epidemiological correlations between HDL cholesterol levels and coronary artery disease. However, therapies designed to increase HDL cholesterol failed to reduce cardiovascular risk, despite their capacity to improve cholesterol efflux, the first stage of RCT. Therefore, the cardioprotective role of HDL may not be explained by RCT, and it is time for new paradigms about the physiological function of these lipoproteins. It should be considered that the main HDL apolipoprotein, apo AI, has been highly conserved throughout evolution. Consequently, these lipoproteins play an essential physiological role beyond their capacity to protect against atherosclerosis. We propose HDL as bidirectional lipid vectors carrying lipids from and to tissues according to their local context. Lipid influx mediated by HDL appears to be particularly important for tissue repair right on site where the damage occurs, including arteries during the first stages of atherosclerosis. In contrast, the HDL-lipid efflux is relevant for secretory cells where the fusion of intracellular vesicles drastically enlarges the cytoplasmic membrane with the potential consequence of impairment of cell function. In such circumstances, HDL could deliver some functional lipids and pick up not only cholesterol but an integral part of the membrane in excess, restoring the viability of the secretory cells. This hypothesis is congruent with the beneficial effects of HDL against atherosclerosis as well as with their capacity to induce insulin secretion and merits experimental exploration.
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Kudo K, Miki Y, Carreras J, Nakayama S, Nakamoto Y, Ito M, Nagashima E, Yamamoto K, Higuchi H, Morita SY, Inoue A, Aoki J, Ando K, Nakamura N, Murakami M, Kotani A. Secreted phospholipase A 2 modifies extracellular vesicles and accelerates B cell lymphoma. Cell Metab 2022; 34:615-633.e8. [PMID: 35294862 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes act as intercellular communicators by transferring protein and microRNA cargoes, yet the role of EV lipids remains unclear. Here, we show that the pro-tumorigenic action of lymphoma-derived EVs is augmented via secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2)-driven lipid metabolism. Hydrolysis of EV phospholipids by group X sPLA2, which was induced in macrophages of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) lymphoma, increased the production of fatty acids, lysophospholipids, and their metabolites. sPLA2-treated EVs were smaller and self-aggregated, showed better uptake, and increased cytokine expression and lipid mediator signaling in tumor-associated macrophages. Pharmacological inhibition of endogenous sPLA2 suppressed lymphoma growth in EBV-infected humanized mice, while treatment with sPLA2-modified EVs reversed this phenotype. Furthermore, sPLA2 expression in human large B cell lymphomas inversely correlated with patient survival. Overall, the sPLA2-mediated EV modification promotes tumor development, highlighting a non-canonical mechanistic action of EVs as an extracellular hydrolytic platform of sPLA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kudo
- Department of Innovative Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Division of Hematological Malignancy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Miki
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental Metabolic Health Sciences Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Joaquim Carreras
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Shunya Nakayama
- Department of Innovative Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Division of Hematological Malignancy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Yasushi Nakamoto
- Department of Innovative Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Division of Hematological Malignancy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ito
- Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Etsuko Nagashima
- Department of Innovative Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Division of Hematological Malignancy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan
| | - Kei Yamamoto
- Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Higuchi
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shin-Ya Morita
- Department of Pharmacy, Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital, Otsu, Japan
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ando
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Naoya Nakamura
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Makoto Murakami
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental Metabolic Health Sciences Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ai Kotani
- Department of Innovative Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; Division of Hematological Malignancy, Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokai University, Isehara, Japan.
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Grewal T, Buechler C. Emerging Insights on the Diverse Roles of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) in Chronic Liver Diseases: Cholesterol Metabolism and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031070. [PMID: 35162992 PMCID: PMC8834914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases are commonly associated with dysregulated cholesterol metabolism. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a serine protease of the proprotein convertase family that is mainly synthetized and secreted by the liver, and represents one of the key regulators of circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. Its ability to bind and induce LDL-receptor degradation, in particular in the liver, increases circulating LDL-cholesterol levels in the blood. Hence, inhibition of PCSK9 has become a very potent tool for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Besides PCSK9 limiting entry of LDL-derived cholesterol, affecting multiple cholesterol-related functions in cells, more recent studies have associated PCSK9 with various other cellular processes, including inflammation, fatty acid metabolism, cancerogenesis and visceral adiposity. It is increasingly becoming evident that additional roles for PCSK9 beyond cholesterol homeostasis are crucial for liver physiology in health and disease, often contributing to pathophysiology. This review will summarize studies analyzing circulating and hepatic PCSK9 levels in patients with chronic liver diseases. The factors affecting PCSK9 levels in the circulation and in hepatocytes, clinically relevant studies and the pathophysiological role of PCSK9 in chronic liver injury are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Grewal
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Sung HH, Sinclair AJ, Su XQ. Enrichment of n-3 containing ether phospholipids in plasma after 30 days of krill oil compared with fish oil supplementation. Lipids 2022; 57:115-124. [PMID: 34981516 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
There are conflicting findings over the bioavailability of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) from krill oil (KO) compared with fish oil (FO) in short- and long-term studies. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of KO versus FO on the enrichment of molecular species of plasma phospholipids in young women following a 30-day consumption of the n-3 oils. Eleven healthy women aged 18-45 years consumed seven capsules of KO per day (containing a total of 1.27 g n-3 PUFA) or five capsules of FO per day (total of 1.44 g n-3 PUFA) for 30 days in a randomized crossover study, separated by at least a 30-day washout period. Fasting blood samples were collected at day zero (baseline), day 15 and day 30 and analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS for molecular species of phospholipids. Supplementation increased n-3 PUFA in main phospholipids classes in both groups. After 30 days of supplementation, 35 out of 70 molecular species containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPAn-3) had a significantly greater concentration in KO group compared with the FO treated group. The majority (89%) of the differentiated molecular species were choline and ethanolamine ether-phospholipids. These data reveal that analysis of plasma phospholipids following 30 days of consumption of KO (a marine oil rich in phospholipids, including ether phospholipids) resulted in an enrichment of n-3 PUFA in molecular species of ether-phospholipids compared with FO (a triacylglycerol-rich marine oil).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsin Hedy Sung
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew J Sinclair
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xiao Q Su
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Wang D, Yu B, Li Q, Guo Y, Koike T, Koike Y, Wu Q, Zhang J, Mao L, Tang X, Sun L, Lin X, Wu J, Chen YE, Peng D, Zeng R. OUP accepted manuscript. J Mol Cell Biol 2022; 14:6547772. [PMID: 35278086 PMCID: PMC9254886 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein, especially high-density lipoprotein (HDL), particles are composed of multiple heterogeneous subgroups containing various proteins and lipids. The molecular distribution among these subgroups is closely related to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Here, we established high-resolution proteomics and lipidomics (HiPL) methods to depict the molecular profiles across lipoprotein (Lipo-HiPL) and HDL (HDL-HiPL) subgroups by optimizing the resolution of anion-exchange chromatography and comprehensive quantification of proteins and lipids on the omics level. Furthermore, based on the Pearson correlation coefficient analysis of molecular profiles across high-resolution subgroups, we achieved the relationship of proteome‒lipidome connectivity (PLC) for lipoprotein and HDL particles. By application of these methods to high-fat, high-cholesterol diet-fed rabbits and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients, we uncovered the delicate dynamics of the molecular profile and reconstruction of lipoprotein and HDL particles. Of note, the PLC features revealed by the HDL-HiPL method discriminated ACS from healthy individuals better than direct proteome and lipidome quantification or PLC features revealed by the Lipo-HiPL method, suggesting their potential in ACS diagnosis. Together, we established HiPL methods to trace the dynamics of the molecular profile and PLC of lipoprotein and even HDL during the development of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tomonari Koike
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yui Koike
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Qingqing Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ling Mao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | | | | | - Rong Zeng
- Correspondence to: Rong Zeng, E-mail:
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Kurano M, Tsukamoto K, Sakai E, Hara M, Yatomi Y. Isoform-Dependent Effects of Apolipoprotein E on Sphingolipid Metabolism in Neural Cells. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 85:1529-1544. [PMID: 34958030 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and ceramides have been implicated in the development of Alzheimer's disease. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) isoforms are also involved in the development of Alzheimer's disease. OBJECTIVE We aimed at elucidating the potential association of the ApoE isoforms with sphingolipid metabolism in the central nervous system. METHODS We investigated the modulations of apolipoprotein M (apoM), a carrier of S1P, S1P, and ceramides in Apoeshl mice, which spontaneously lack apoE, and U251 cells and SH-SY5Y cells infected with adenovirus vectors encoding for apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4. RESULTS In the brains of Apoeshl mice, the levels of apoM were lower, while those of ceramides were higher. In U251 cells, cellular apoM and S1P levels were the highest in the cells overexpressing apoE2 among the apoE isoforms. The cellular and medium contents of ceramides decreased in the order of the cells overexpressing apoE3 > apoE2 and increased in the cells overexpressing apoE4. In SH-SY5Y cells, apoM mRNA and medium S1P levels were also the highest in the cells overexpressing apoE2. The cellular contents of ceramides decreased in the order of the cells overexpressing apoE3 > apoE2 = apoE4 and those in medium decreased in the order of the cells overexpressing apoE3 > apoE2, while increased in the cells overexpressing apoE4. CONCLUSION The modulation of apoM and S1P might partly explain the protective effects of apoE2 against Alzheimer's disease, and the modulation of ceramides might be one of the mechanisms explaining the association of apoE4 with the development of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kurano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Tsukamoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Sakai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masumi Hara
- Department of Medicine IV, Mizonokuchi Hospital, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Kong F, Li Y, Diao Q, Bi Y, Tu Y. The crucial role of lysine in the hepatic metabolism of growing Holstein dairy heifers as revealed by LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2021; 7:1152-1161. [PMID: 34754957 PMCID: PMC8556487 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of supplementing rumen-protected Lys based on a Lys-deficient diet on liver metabolism in growing Holstein heifers. The experiment was conducted for 3 months with 36 Holstein heifers (initial body weight: 200 ± 9.0 kg; 7-month-old). Heifers were randomly assigned to 2 diets based on corn, soybean meal, alfalfa hay, and wheat bran: control, Lys-deficient diet (LD; 0.66% Lys in diet), and Lys-adequate diet (LA; 1.00% Lys in diet). The results showed no difference in growth performance between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). However, there was a clear trend of increasing feed conversion rate with Lys supplementation (0.05 < P < 0.01). The serum urea nitrogen concentration was significantly decreased, and the aspartate aminotransferase-to-alanine aminotransferase ratio was significantly decreased by Lys supplementation (P < 0.05). Moreover, growing heifers fed a Lys-adequate diet had lower levels of urine nitrogen excretion and higher levels of the biological value of nitrogen (P < 0.05). Metabolomic analysis revealed that 5 types of phosphatidylcholine and 3 types of ceramide were significantly increased and enriched in sphingolipid metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism (P < 0.05). His, Leu, and Asp levels were significantly decreased in the liver following Lys supplementation (P < 0.05). In conclusion, Lys supplementation may promote the synthesis of body tissue proteins, as evidenced by significantly decreased amino acids in the liver and urine N excretion, it also improves hepatic lipid metabolism by providing lipoprotein precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanlin Kong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Sino-US Joint Lab on Nutrition and Metabolism of Ruminants, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Sino-US Joint Lab on Nutrition and Metabolism of Ruminants, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qiyu Diao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Sino-US Joint Lab on Nutrition and Metabolism of Ruminants, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanliang Bi
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Sino-US Joint Lab on Nutrition and Metabolism of Ruminants, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yan Tu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Sino-US Joint Lab on Nutrition and Metabolism of Ruminants, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Bonilha I, Hajduch E, Luchiari B, Nadruz W, Le Goff W, Sposito AC. The Reciprocal Relationship between LDL Metabolism and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120807. [PMID: 34940565 PMCID: PMC8708656 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance feature substantial modifications of the lipoprotein profile, including a higher proportion of smaller and denser low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles. In addition, qualitative changes occur in the composition and structure of LDL, including changes in electrophoretic mobility, enrichment of LDL with triglycerides and ceramides, prolonged retention of modified LDL in plasma, increased uptake by macrophages, and the formation of foam cells. These modifications affect LDL functions and favor an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in diabetic individuals. In this review, we discuss the main findings regarding the structural and functional changes in LDL particles in diabetes pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies targeting LDL in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Bonilha
- Cardiology Division, Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory (AtheroLab), State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-887, Brazil; (I.B.); (B.L.)
| | - Eric Hajduch
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75006 Paris, France;
| | - Beatriz Luchiari
- Cardiology Division, Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory (AtheroLab), State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-887, Brazil; (I.B.); (B.L.)
| | - Wilson Nadruz
- Cardiology Division, Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-887, Brazil;
| | - Wilfried Le Goff
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, le Métabolisme et la Nutrition, ICAN, Inserm, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - Andrei C. Sposito
- Cardiology Division, Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory (AtheroLab), State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-887, Brazil; (I.B.); (B.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-19-3521-7098; Fax: +55-19-3289-410
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A specific plasma lipid signature associated with high triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol identifies residual CAD risk in patients with chronic coronary syndrome. Atherosclerosis 2021; 339:1-11. [PMID: 34801858 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Elevated triglycerides (TG) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) define a specific lipid profile associated with residual coronary artery disease (CAD) risk independently of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Aim of the present study was to assess whether TG/HDL-C ratio, coronary atherosclerosis and their change over time are characterized by a specific lipidomic profiling in stable patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS). METHODS TG/HDL-C ratio was calculated in 193 patients (57.8 ± 7.6 years, 115 males) with CCS characterized by clinical, bio-humoral profiles and cardiac imaging. Patient-specific plasma targeted lipidomics was defined through a high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) strategy. Patients underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) and an individual CTA risk score, combining extent, severity, composition, and location of plaques, was calculated. All patients entered a follow-up (6.39 ± 1.17 years), including clinical, lipidomics and coronary CTA assessments. RESULTS Patients were divided in groups according to baseline TG/HDL-C quartiles: IQ (<1.391), IIQ (1.392-2.000), IIIQ (2.001-3.286), and IVQ (≥3.287). A specific pattern of altered lipids, characterized by reduced plasma levels of cholesterol esters, phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelins, was associated with higher TG/HDL-C both at baseline and follow-up (IVQ vs IQ). The CTA risk score increased over time and this lipid signature was also associated with higher CTA score at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS In stable CCS, a specific lipidomic signature identifies those patients with higher TG/HDL- C ratio and higher CTA score over time, suggesting possible molecular pathways of residual CAD risk not tackled by current optimal medical treatments.
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Ginsberg HN, Packard CJ, Chapman MJ, Borén J, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Averna M, Ference BA, Gaudet D, Hegele RA, Kersten S, Lewis GF, Lichtenstein AH, Moulin P, Nordestgaard BG, Remaley AT, Staels B, Stroes ESG, Taskinen MR, Tokgözoğlu LS, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Stock JK, Catapano AL. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants: metabolic insights, role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and emerging therapeutic strategies-a consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society. Eur Heart J 2021; 42:4791-4806. [PMID: 34472586 PMCID: PMC8670783 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in human genetics, together with a large body of epidemiologic, preclinical, and clinical trial results, provide strong support for a causal association between triglycerides (TG), TG-rich lipoproteins (TRL), and TRL remnants, and increased risk of myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, and aortic valve stenosis. These data also indicate that TRL and their remnants may contribute significantly to residual cardiovascular risk in patients on optimized low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-lowering therapy. This statement critically appraises current understanding of the structure, function, and metabolism of TRL, and their pathophysiological role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Key points are (i) a working definition of normo- and hypertriglyceridaemic states and their relation to risk of ASCVD, (ii) a conceptual framework for the generation of remnants due to dysregulation of TRL production, lipolysis, and remodelling, as well as clearance of remnant lipoproteins from the circulation, (iii) the pleiotropic proatherogenic actions of TRL and remnants at the arterial wall, (iv) challenges in defining, quantitating, and assessing the atherogenic properties of remnant particles, and (v) exploration of the relative atherogenicity of TRL and remnants compared to LDL. Assessment of these issues provides a foundation for evaluating approaches to effectively reduce levels of TRL and remnants by targeting either production, lipolysis, or hepatic clearance, or a combination of these mechanisms. This consensus statement updates current understanding in an integrated manner, thereby providing a platform for new therapeutic paradigms targeting TRL and their remnants, with the aim of reducing the risk of ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry N Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, PH-10-305, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chris J Packard
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - M John Chapman
- Sorbonne University Endocrinology-Metabolism Division, Pitié-Salpetriere University Hospital, and National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), 47 Hôpital boulevard, Paris 75013, France
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Blå Stråket 5, Gothenburg 413 45, Sweden
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas and Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Belisario Domínguez Secc 16, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto, Monterrey, Nuevo León 3000, Mexico
| | - Maurizio Averna
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, University of Palermo, Marina Square, 61, Palermo 90133, Italy
| | - Brian A Ference
- Centre for Naturally Randomized Trials, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel Gaudet
- Clinical Lipidology and Rare Lipid Disorders Unit, Community Genomic Medicine Center, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, ECOGENE, Clinical and Translational Research Center, and Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, 305 Rue St Vallier, Chicoutimi, Québec G7H 5H6, Canada
| | - Robert A Hegele
- Department of Medicine and Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Sander Kersten
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gary F Lewis
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Eaton Building, Room 12E248, 200 Elizabeth St, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington St Ste 9, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Philippe Moulin
- Department of Endocrinology, GHE, Hospices Civils de Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Inserm UMR 1060, CENS-ELI B, Univ-Lyon1, Lyon 69003, France
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev 2730, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Dr Ste 10-7C114, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, France
| | - Erik S G Stroes
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, 1541 Kings Hwy, Amsterdam 71103, The Netherlands
| | - Marja-Riitta Taskinen
- Research Programs Unit, Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lale S Tokgözoğlu
- Department of Cardiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Blegdamsvej 9, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.,Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Nordre Fasanvej, Frederiksberg 57 2000, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej, Copenhagen 3B 2200, Denmark
| | - Jane K Stock
- European Atherosclerosis Society, Mässans Gata 10, Gothenburg SE-412 51, Sweden
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano and IRCCS MultiMedica, Via Festa del Perdono 7, Milan 20122, Italy
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49
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Lin HM, Huynh K, Kohli M, Tan W, Azad AA, Yeung N, Mahon KL, Mak B, Sutherland PD, Shepherd A, Mellett N, Docanto M, Giles C, Centenera MM, Butler LM, Meikle PJ, Horvath LG. Aberrations in circulating ceramide levels are associated with poor clinical outcomes across localised and metastatic prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2021; 24:860-870. [PMID: 33746214 PMCID: PMC8387438 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-021-00338-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulated lipid metabolism is associated with more aggressive pathology and poorer prognosis in prostate cancer (PC). The primary aim of the study is to assess the relationship between the plasma lipidome and clinical outcomes in localised and metastatic PC. The secondary aim is to validate a prognostic circulating 3-lipid signature specific to metastatic castration-resistant PC (mCRPC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Comprehensive lipidomic analysis was performed on pre-treatment plasma samples from men with localised PC (N = 389), metastatic hormone-sensitive PC (mHSPC)(N = 44), or mCRPC (validation cohort, N = 137). Clinical outcomes from our previously published mCRPC cohort (N = 159) that was used to derive the prognostic circulating 3-lipid signature, were updated. Associations between circulating lipids and clinical outcomes were examined by Cox regression and latent class analysis. RESULTS Circulating lipid profiles featuring elevated levels of ceramide species were associated with metastatic relapse in localised PC (HR 5.80, 95% CI 3.04-11.1, P = 1 × 10-6), earlier testosterone suppression failure in mHSPC (HR 3.70, 95% CI 1.37-10.0, P = 0.01), and shorter overall survival in mCRPC (HR 2.54, 95% CI 1.73-3.72, P = 1 × 10-6). The prognostic significance of circulating lipid profiles in localised PC was independent of standard clinicopathological and metabolic factors (P < 0.0002). The 3-lipid signature was verified in the mCRPC validation cohort (HR 2.39, 95% CI 1.63-3.51, P = 1 × 10-5). CONCLUSIONS Elevated circulating ceramide species are associated with poorer clinical outcomes across the natural history of PC. These clinically actionable lipid profiles could be therapeutically targeted in prospective clinical trials to potentially improve PC outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ming Lin
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,St Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kevin Huynh
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Manish Kohli
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84012, United States of America
| | - Winston Tan
- Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Arun A. Azad
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole Yeung
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kate L. Mahon
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,Monash University, Victoria, Australia,Chris O’ Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, New South Wales , Australia,University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Blossom Mak
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,Chris O’ Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, New South Wales , Australia,University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Andrew Shepherd
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia,Adelaide Medical School and Freemason’s Foundation Centre for Men’s Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Natalie Mellett
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Corey Giles
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Margaret M. Centenera
- Adelaide Medical School and Freemason’s Foundation Centre for Men’s Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lisa M. Butler
- Adelaide Medical School and Freemason’s Foundation Centre for Men’s Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter J. Meikle
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa G. Horvath
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,St Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,Chris O’ Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, New South Wales , Australia,University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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50
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Patanapirunhakit P, Karlsson H, Mulder M, Ljunggren S, Graham D, Freeman D. Sphingolipids in HDL - Potential markers for adaptation to pregnancy? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158955. [PMID: 33933650 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) exhibits many functions that render it an effective endothelial protective agent and may underlie its potential role in protecting the maternal vascular endothelium during pregnancy. In non-pregnant individuals, the HDL lipidome is altered in metabolic disease compared to healthy individuals and is linked to reduced cholesterol efflux, an effect that can be reversed by lifestyle management. Specific sphingolipids such as sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) have been shown to mediate the vaso-dilatory effects of plasma HDL via interaction with the endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway. This review describes the relationship between plasma HDL and vascular function during healthy pregnancy and details how this is lost in pre-eclampsia, a disorder of pregnancy associated with widespread endothelial dysfunction. Evidence of a role for HDL sphingolipids, in particular S1P and ceramide, in cardiovascular disease and in healthy pregnancy and pre-eclampsia is discussed. Available data suggest that HDL-S1P and HDL-ceramide can mediate vascular protection in healthy pregnancy but not in preeclampsia. HDL sphingolipids thus are of potential importance in the healthy maternal adaptation to pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patamat Patanapirunhakit
- Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Helen Karlsson
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Monique Mulder
- Division of Pharmacology, Vascular and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Stefan Ljunggren
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Delyth Graham
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Dilys Freeman
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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