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Lee AH, Orliaguet L, Youm YH, Maeda R, Dlugos T, Lei Y, Coman D, Shchukina I, Andhey S, Smith SR, Ravussin E, Stadler K, Hyder F, Artyomov MN, Sugiura Y, Dixit VD. Cysteine depletion triggers adipose tissue thermogenesis and weight-loss. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.06.606880. [PMID: 39149397 PMCID: PMC11326254 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.06.606880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Dietary interventions such as caloric restriction (CR)1 and methionine restriction2 that prolong lifespan induce the 'browning' of white adipose tissue (WAT), an adaptive metabolic response that increases heat production to maintain health3,4. However, how diet influences adipose browning and metabolic health is unclear. Here, we identified that weight-loss induced by CR in humans5 reduces cysteine concentration in WAT suggesting depletion of this amino-acid may be involved in metabolic benefits of CR. To investigate the role of cysteine on organismal metabolism, we created a cysteine-deficiency mouse model in which dietary cysteine was eliminated and cystathionine γ-lyase (CTH)6, the enzyme that synthesizes cysteine was conditionally deleted. Using this animal model, we found that systemic cysteine-depletion causes drastic weight-loss with increased fat utilization and browning of adipose tissue. The restoration of dietary cysteine in cysteine-deficient mice rescued weight loss together with reversal of adipose browning and increased food-intake in an on-demand fashion. Mechanistically, cysteine deficiency induced browning and weight loss is dependent on sympathetic nervous system derived noradrenaline signaling via β3-adrenergic-receptors and does not require UCP1. Therapeutically, in high-fat diet fed obese mice, one week of cysteine-deficiency caused 30% weight-loss and reversed inflammation. These findings thus establish that cysteine is essential for organismal metabolism as removal of cysteine in the host triggers adipose browning and rapid weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen H. Lee
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Lucie Orliaguet
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yun-Hee Youm
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | | - Tamara Dlugos
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yuanjiu Lei
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Daniel Coman
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Yale University
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Yale University
| | - Irina Shchukina
- Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sairam Andhey
- Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Steven R. Smith
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | | | - Fahmeed Hyder
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Yale University
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Yale University
| | - Maxim N. Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Vishwa Deep Dixit
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Yale Center for Research on Aging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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2
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Zaman K, Mun HC, Solon-Biet SM, Senior AM, Raubenheimer D, Simpson SJ, Conigrave AD. Mice Regulate Dietary Amino Acid Balance and Energy Intake by Selecting between Complementary Protein Sources. J Nutr 2024; 154:1766-1780. [PMID: 38583524 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A balanced intake of protein and constituent amino acids (AAs) requires adjustments to total food intake (protein leverage [PL]) and food selection to balance deficits and excesses (complementary feeding). We provided mice with choices of casein and whey, 2 protein sources that are complementary in AA balance, across a range of protein concentrations (P%) of digestible energy (DE). OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine if: 1) PL operates similarly for casein and whey; 2) one protein source is preferred at control P%; 3) the preference changes as P% falls; and 4) AA intakes under control and low P% levels identify AAs that drive changes in protein selection. METHODS Food intake and plasma fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) concentrations were measured in mice at various P% (P7.5%-P33%). For direct comparisons, defined diets were used in which the protein source was either casein or whey. In food choice studies, mice had access to foods in which both casein and whey were provided at the same P% level at the same time. RESULTS PL operated at different P% thresholds in casein (13%)- and whey (10%)-based diets, and the magnitude of PL was greater for casein. Although mice preferred casein under control conditions (P23%), a pronounced preference shift to whey occurred as P% fell to P13% and P10%. At low P%, increases in food intake were accompanied by increases in plasma FGF21, a protein hunger signal. Among AAs deficient in casein and enriched in whey, the intake of Cys was the most invariant as P% changed between P23% and P10%, appearing to drive the switch in protein preference. CONCLUSIONS Mice selected between complementary protein sources, casein and whey, achieving stable total energy intake and regulated intake of AAs as P% varied. Supplementation of low P% casein diets with one whey-enriched AA, Cys, suppressed plasma FGF21 and total food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamrul Zaman
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hee-Chang Mun
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Samantha M Solon-Biet
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alistair M Senior
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Raubenheimer
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Arthur D Conigrave
- Charles Perkins Centre and School of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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3
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Xue J, Ye C. The role of lipoylation in mitochondrial adaptation to methionine restriction. Bioessays 2024; 46:e2300218. [PMID: 38616332 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Dietary methionine restriction (MR) is associated with a spectrum of health-promoting benefits. Being conducive to prevention of chronic diseases and extension of life span, MR can activate integrated responses at metabolic, transcriptional, and physiological levels. However, how the mitochondria of MR influence metabolic phenotypes remains elusive. Here, we provide a summary of cellular functions of methionine metabolism and an overview of the current understanding of effector mechanisms of MR, with a focus on the aspect of mitochondria-mediated responses. We propose that mitochondria can sense and respond to MR through a modulatory role of lipoylation, a mitochondrial protein modification sensitized by MR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Xue
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cunqi Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
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Ji M, Xu Q, Li X. Dietary methionine restriction in cancer development and antitumor immunity. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:400-412. [PMID: 38383161 PMCID: PMC11096033 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Methionine restriction (MR) has been shown to suppress tumor growth and improve the responses to various anticancer therapies. However, methionine itself is required for the proliferation, activation, and differentiation of T cells that are crucial for antitumor immunity. The dual impact of methionine, that influences both tumor and immune cells, has generated concerns regarding the potential consequences of MR on T cell immunity and its possible role in promoting cancer. In this review we systemically examine current literature on the interactions between dietary methionine, cancer cells, and immune cells. Based on recent findings on MR in immunocompetent animals, we further discuss how tumor stage-specific methionine dependence of immune cells and cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment could ultimately dictate the response of tumors to MR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ji
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Qing Xu
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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Stella SL, Guadagnin AR, Velasco-Acosta DA, Ferreira CR, Rubessa M, Wheeler MB, Luchini D, Cardoso FC. Rumen-protected methionine supplementation alters lipid profile of preimplantation embryo and endometrial tissue of Holstein cows. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1301986. [PMID: 38298457 PMCID: PMC10827937 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1301986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Our objective is to evaluate the effects of feeding rumen-protected Met (RPM) throughout the transition period and early lactation on the lipid profile of the preimplantation embryos and the endometrial tissue of Holstein cows. Treatments consisted of feeding a total mixed ration with top-dressed RPM (Smartamine® M, Adisseo, Alpharetta, GA, United States; MET; n = 11; RPM at a rate of 0.08% of DM: Lys:Met = 2.8:1) or not (CON; n = 9, Lys:Met = 3.5:1). Endometrial biopsies were performed at 15, 30, and 73 days in milk (DIM). Prior to the endometrial biopsy at 73 DIM, preimplantation embryos were harvested via flushing. Endometrial lipid profiles were analyzed using multiple reaction monitoring-profiling and lipid profiles of embryos were acquired using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Relative intensities levels were used for principal component analysis. Embryos from cows in MET had greater concentration of polyunsaturated lipids than embryos from cows in CON. The endometrial tissue samples from cows in MET had lesser concentrations of unsaturated and monounsaturated lipids at 15 DIM, and greater concentration of saturated, unsaturated (specifically diacylglycerol), and monounsaturated (primarily ceramides) lipids at 30 DIM than the endometrial tissue samples from cows in CON. In conclusion, feeding RPM during the transition period and early lactation altered specific lipid classes and lipid unsaturation level of preimplantation embryos and endometrial tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L. Stella
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Anne R. Guadagnin
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
- Schothorst Feed Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Diego A. Velasco-Acosta
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
- The Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research (CORPOICA), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Christina R. Ferreira
- Metabolite Profiling Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Marcello Rubessa
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Matthew B. Wheeler
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | | | - Felipe C. Cardoso
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
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Olsen T, Stolt E, Øvrebø B, Elshorbagy A, Tore EC, Lee-Ødegård S, Troensegaard H, Johannessen H, Doeland B, Vo AAD, Dahl AF, Svendsen K, Thoresen M, Refsum H, Rising R, Barvíková K, van Greevenbroek M, Kožich V, Retterstøl K, Vinknes KJ. Dietary sulfur amino acid restriction in humans with overweight and obesity: a translational randomized controlled trial. J Transl Med 2024; 22:40. [PMID: 38195568 PMCID: PMC10775517 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04833-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR) improves metabolic health in animals. In this study, we investigated the effect of dietary SAAR on body weight, body composition, resting metabolic rate, gene expression profiles in white adipose tissue (WAT), and an extensive blood biomarker profile in humans with overweight or obesity. METHODS N = 59 participants with overweight or obesity (73% women) were randomized stratified by sex to an 8-week plant-based dietary intervention low (~ 2 g/day, SAAR) or high (~ 5.6 g/day, control group) in sulfur amino acids. The diets were provided in full to the participants, and both investigators and participants were blinded to the intervention. Outcome analyses were performed using linear mixed model regression adjusted for baseline values of the outcome and sex. RESULTS SAAR led to a ~ 20% greater weight loss compared to controls (β 95% CI - 1.14 (- 2.04, - 0.25) kg, p = 0.013). Despite greater weight loss, resting metabolic rate remained similar between groups. Furthermore, SAAR decreased serum leptin, and increased ketone bodies compared to controls. In WAT, 20 genes were upregulated whereas 24 genes were downregulated (FDR < 5%) in the SAAR group compared to controls. Generally applicable gene set enrichment analyses revealed that processes associated with ribosomes were upregulated, whereas processes related to structural components were downregulated. CONCLUSION Our study shows that SAAR leads to greater weight loss, decreased leptin and increased ketone bodies compared to controls. Further research on SAAR is needed to investigate the therapeutic potential for metabolic conditions in humans. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04701346, registered Jan 8th 2021, https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov/study/NCT04701346.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Emma Stolt
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Øvrebø
- Department of Food Safety, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amany Elshorbagy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elena C Tore
- Department of Internal Medicine and CARIM School of Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sindre Lee-Ødegård
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hannibal Troensegaard
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanna Johannessen
- Department of Paedriatic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Beate Doeland
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna A D Vo
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anja F Dahl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karianne Svendsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Magne Thoresen
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helga Refsum
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Kristýna Barvíková
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marleen van Greevenbroek
- Department of Internal Medicine and CARIM School of Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Viktor Kožich
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kathrine J Vinknes
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Thyne KM, Camones R, Salmon AB. Sulfur Amino Acid Restriction alters mitochondrial function depending on tissue, sex, and Methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) status. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3755231. [PMID: 38196647 PMCID: PMC10775364 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3755231/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Methionine restriction (MR) has been shown to affect mitochondrial function including altering oxygen consumption, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, Complex expression, and oxidative damage. The sulfur-containing amino acid methionine can become oxidized forming methionine sulfoxide which can lead to changes in protein function and signaling. Methionine sulfoxide reductases are endogenous enzymes capable of reducing methionine sulfoxide, with Methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) being ubiquitously expressed in mammals. Here we investigated if the effects of MR on mitochondrial function required functional MsrA in the liver and kidney which are the major tissues involved in sulfur biochemistry and both highly express MsrA. Moreover, MsrA is endogenously found in the mitochondria thereby providing potential mechanisms linking diet to mitochondrial phenotype. We found sex-specific changes in oxygen consumption of isolated mitochondria and females showed changes with MR in a tissue-dependent manner - increased in liver and decreased in kidney. Loss of MsrA increased or decreased oxygen consumption depending on the tissue and which portion of the electron transport chain was being tested. In general, males had few changes in either tissue regardless of MR or MsrA status. Hydrogen peroxide production was increased in the kidney with MR regardless of sex or MsrA status. However, in the liver, production was increased by MR in females and only slightly higher with loss of MsrA in both sexes. Mitochondrial Complex expression was found to be largely unchanged in either tissue suggesting these effects are driven by regulatory mechanisms and not by changes in expression. Together these results suggest that sex and MsrA status do impact the mitochondrial effects of MR in a tissue-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Thyne
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
| | - Raechel Camones
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
| | - Adam B Salmon
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
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8
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Vinknes KJ, Olsen T, Zaré HK, Bastani NE, Stolt E, Dahl AF, Cox RD, Refsum H, Retterstøl K, Åsberg A, Elshorbagy A. Cysteine-lowering treatment with mesna against obesity: Proof of concept and results from a human phase I, dose-finding study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2023; 25:3161-3170. [PMID: 37435697 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether mesna-sodium-2-mercaptoethane sulfonate) can reduce diet-induced fat gain in mice, and to assess the safety of single ascending mesna doses in humans to find the dose associated with lowering of plasma tCys by at least 30%. METHODS C3H/HeH mice were shifted to a high-fat diet ± mesna in drinking water; body composition was measured at weeks 0, 2 and 4. In an open, phase I, single ascending dose study, oral mesna (400, 800, 1200, 1600 mg) was administered to 17 men with overweight or obesity. Mesna and tCys concentrations were measured repeatedly for a duration of 48 hours postdosing in plasma, as well as in 24-hour urine. RESULTS Compared with controls, mesna-treated mice had lower tCys and lower estimated mean fat mass gain from baseline (week 2: 4.54 ± 0.40 vs. 6.52 ± 0.36 g; week 4: 6.95 ± 0.35 vs. 8.19 ± 0.34 g; Poverall = .002), but similar lean mass gain. In men with overweight, mesna doses of 400-1600 mg showed dose linearity and were well tolerated. Mesna doses of 800 mg or higher decreased plasma tCys by 30% or more at nadir (4h post-dosing). With increasing mesna dose, tCys AUC0-12h decreased (Ptrend < .001), and urine tCys excretion increased (Ptrend = .004). CONCLUSIONS Mesna reduces diet-induced fat gain in mice. In men with overweight, single oral doses of mesna (800-1600 mg) were well tolerated and lowered plasma tCys efficiently. The effect of sustained tCys-lowering by repeated mesna administration on weight loss in humans deserves investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine J Vinknes
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Nasser E Bastani
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Emma Stolt
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anja F Dahl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Roger D Cox
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Helga Refsum
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders Åsberg
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amany Elshorbagy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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9
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Thyne KM, Salmon AB. Sexually dimorphic effects of methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) on murine longevity and health span during methionine restriction. GeroScience 2023; 45:3003-3017. [PMID: 37391679 PMCID: PMC10643651 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00857-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Methionine restriction (MR) extends lifespan in various model organisms, and understanding the molecular effectors of MR could expand the repertoire of tools targeting the aging process. Here, we address to what extent the biochemical pathway responsible for redox metabolism of methionine plays in regulating the effects of MR on lifespan and health span. Aerobic organisms have evolved methionine sulfoxide reductases to counter the oxidation of the thioether group contained in the essential amino acid methionine. Of these enzymes, methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) is ubiquitously expressed in mammalian tissues and has subcellular localization in both the cytosol and mitochondria. Loss of MsrA increases sensitivity to oxidative stress and has been associated with increased susceptibility to age-associated pathologies including metabolic dysfunction. We rationalized that limiting the available methionine with MR may place increased importance on methionine redox pathways, and that MsrA may be required to maintain available methionine for its critical uses in cellular homeostasis including protein synthesis, metabolism, and methylation. Using a genetic mutant mouse lacking MsrA, we tested the requirement for this enzyme in the effects of MR on longevity and markers of healthy aging late in life. When initiated in adulthood, we found that MR had minimal effects in males and females regardless of MsrA status. MR had minimal effect on lifespan with the exception of wild-type males where loss of MsrA slightly increased lifespan on MR. We also observed that MR drove an increase in body weight in wild-type mice only, but mice lacking MsrA tended to maintain more stable body weight throughout their lives. We also found that MR had greater benefit to males than females in terms of glucose metabolism and some functional health span assessments, but MsrA generally had minimal impact on these metrics. Frailty was also found to be unaffected by MR or MsrA in aged animals. We found that in general, MsrA was not required for the beneficial effects of MR on longevity and health span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Thyne
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Adam B Salmon
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Audie L. Murphy Hospital, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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10
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Lee AH, Sugiura Y, Youm YH, Dlugos T, Maeda R, Coman D, Spadaro O, Sidorov S, Shchukina I, Andhey S, Smith SR, Ravussin E, Hyder F, Artyomov MN, Dixit VD. [WITHDRAWN] Activation of transsulfuration pathway to maintain cysteine is a thermogenic checkpoint for the conservation of energy. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3069713. [PMID: 37461682 PMCID: PMC10350108 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3069713/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen H. Lee
- Department of Pathology
- Department of Comparative Medicine
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New
Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | | - Yun-Hee Youm
- Department of Pathology
- Department of Comparative Medicine
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New
Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Tamara Dlugos
- Department of Pathology
- Department of Comparative Medicine
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New
Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | | - Daniel Coman
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering
and Applied Science, Yale University
| | - Olga Spadaro
- Department of Pathology
- Department of Comparative Medicine
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New
Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Sviatoslav Sidorov
- Department of Pathology
- Department of Comparative Medicine
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New
Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Irina Shchukina
- Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sairam Andhey
- Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Steven R. Smith
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and
Diabetes, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA,
USA
| | - Fahmeed Hyder
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering
and Applied Science, Yale University
| | - Maxim N. Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Vishwa Deep Dixit
- Department of Pathology
- Department of Comparative Medicine
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New
Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Yale Center for Research on Aging, Yale School of
Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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11
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Jiménez-Alonso JJ, López-Lázaro M. Dietary Manipulation of Amino Acids for Cancer Therapy. Nutrients 2023; 15:2879. [PMID: 37447206 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells cannot proliferate and survive unless they obtain sufficient levels of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids (AAs). Unlike normal cells, cancer cells have genetic and metabolic alterations that may limit their capacity to obtain adequate levels of the 20 AAs in challenging metabolic environments. However, since normal diets provide all AAs at relatively constant levels and ratios, these potentially lethal genetic and metabolic defects are eventually harmless to cancer cells. If we temporarily replace the normal diet of cancer patients with artificial diets in which the levels of specific AAs are manipulated, cancer cells may be unable to proliferate and survive. This article reviews in vivo studies that have evaluated the antitumor activity of diets restricted in or supplemented with the 20 proteinogenic AAs, individually and in combination. It also reviews our recent studies that show that manipulating the levels of several AAs simultaneously can lead to marked survival improvements in mice with metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel López-Lázaro
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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12
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Gómez J, Mota-Martorell N, Jové M, Pamplona R, Barja G. Mitochondrial ROS production, oxidative stress and aging within and between species: Evidences and recent advances on this aging effector. Exp Gerontol 2023; 174:112134. [PMID: 36849000 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a wide diversity of roles in cell physiology and have a key functional implication in cell bioenergetics and biology of free radicals. As the main cellular source of oxygen radicals, mitochondria have been postulated as the mediators of the cellular decline associated with the biological aging. Recent evidences have shown that mitochondrial free radical production is a highly regulated mechanism contributing to the biological determination of longevity which is species-specific. This mitochondrial free radical generation rate induces a diversity of adaptive responses and derived molecular damage to cell components, highlighting mitochondrial DNA damage, with biological consequences that influence the rate of aging of a given animal species. In this review, we explore the idea that mitochondria play a fundamental role in the determination of animal longevity. Once the basic mechanisms are discerned, molecular approaches to counter aging may be designed and developed to prevent or reverse functional decline, and to modify longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Gómez
- Department of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, ESCET, Rey Juan Carlos University, E28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natàlia Mota-Martorell
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), E25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Mariona Jové
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), E25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida (UdL), Lleida Biomedical Research Institute (IRBLleida), E25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Gustavo Barja
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), E28040 Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Elshorbagy A, Bastani NE, Lee-Ødegård S, Øvrebø B, Haj-Yasein N, Svendsen K, Turner C, Refsum H, Vinknes KJ, Olsen T. The association of fasting plasma thiol fractions with body fat compartments, biomarker profile, and adipose tissue gene expression. Amino Acids 2023; 55:313-323. [PMID: 36542145 PMCID: PMC10038976 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03229-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
People with high plasma total cysteine (tCys) have higher fat mass and higher concentrations of the atherogenic apolipoprotein B (apoB). The disulfide form, cystine, enhanced human adipogenesis and correlated with total fat mass in a Middle-Eastern cohort. In 35 European adults with overweight (88.6% women) and with dual-X-ray absorptiometry measurements of regional fat, we investigated how cystine compared to other free disulfides in their association with total regional adiposity, plasma lipid and glucose biomarkers, and adipose tissue lipid enzyme mRNA (n = 19). Most total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) (78%) was protein-bound; 63% of total glutathione (tGSH) was reduced. tCys was 49% protein-bound, 30% mixed-disulfide, 15% cystine, and 6% reduced. Controlling for age and lean mass, cystine and total free cysteine were the fractions most strongly associated with android and total fat: 1% higher cystine predicted 1.97% higher android fat mass (95% CI 0.64, 3.31) and 1.25% (0.65, 2.98) higher total fat mass (both p = 0.005). A positive association between tCys and apoB (β: 0.64%; 95% CI 0.17, 1.12%, p = 0.009) was apparently driven by free cysteine and cystine; cystine was also inversely associated with the HDL-associated apolipoprotein A1 (β: -0.57%; 95% CI -0.96, -0.17%, p = 0.007). No independent positive associations with adiposity were noted for tGSH or tHcy fractions. Plasma cystine correlated with CPT1a mRNA (Spearman's r = 0.68, p = 0.001). In conclusion, plasma cystine-but not homocysteine or glutathione disulfides-is associated with android adiposity and an atherogenic plasma apolipoprotein profile. The role of cystine in human adiposity and cardiometabolic risk deserves investigation. ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT02647970 and NCT03629392.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Elshorbagy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nasser E Bastani
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Postboks 1046, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sindre Lee-Ødegård
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Postboks 1046, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Øvrebø
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Postboks 1046, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nadia Haj-Yasein
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Postboks 1046, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karianne Svendsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Postboks 1046, Oslo, Norway
- The Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cheryl Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helga Refsum
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Postboks 1046, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kathrine J Vinknes
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Postboks 1046, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Postboks 1046, Oslo, Norway.
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14
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Chang R, Zhang Y, Sun J, Xu K, Li C, Zhang J, Mei W, Zhang H, Zhang J. Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index and offspring with overweight/obesity at preschool age: The possible role of epigenome-wide DNA methylation changes in cord blood. Pediatr Obes 2023; 18:e12969. [PMID: 36102013 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenome-wide association studies have identified some DNA methylation sites associated with body mass index (BMI) or obesity. Studies in the Asian population are lacking. OBJECTIVE To examine the association of cord blood genome-wide DNA methylation (GWDm) changes with maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and children's BMI-z score at preschool age. Additionally, we also explored the genome-wide differentially methylated regions and differentially methylated probes between preschoolers with overweight/obesity and normal-weight counterparts. METHODS This two-stage study design included (1) a GWDm analysis of 30 mother-child pairs from 633 participants of the Zhuhai birth cohort with data on newborn cord blood, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, and children's BMI at 3 years of age; and (2) a targeted validation analysis of the cord blood of ten children with overweight/obesity and ten matched controls to validate the CpG sites. RESULTS In the first stage, no significant CpG sites were found to be associated with children's BMI-z score at preschool age after FDR correction with the p-values of the CpG sites in FOXN3 (cg23501836) and ZNF264 (cg27437574) being close to 1 × 10-6 . In the second stage, a significant difference of CpG sites in AHRR (chr5:355067-355068) and FOXN3 (chr14: 89630264-89630272 and chr14: 89630387-89630388) was found between the ten children with overweight/obesity and ten controls (p < 0.05). The CpG sites in FOXN3 (chr14:89630264-89630272 and chr14:89630295-89630296) and ZNF264 (chr19: 57703104-57703107 and chr19: 57703301-57703307) were associated with children's BMI-z score; and the CpG sites in FOXN3 (chr14: 89630264-89630272 and chr14: 89630387-89630388) were associated with maternal pre-pregnancy BMI. CONCLUSIONS DNA methylation in FOXN3 and AHRR is associated with overweight/obesity in preschool-aged children, and the methylation in FOXN3 and ZNF264 might be associated with children's BMI-z score. FOXN3 methylation may be associated with maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, suggesting its potential role in the children's BMI-z score or overweight/obesity. Our results provide novel insights into the mechanisms of children's obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Chang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahong Sun
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunan Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingli Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenhua Mei
- Zhuhai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongzhong Zhang
- Zhuhai Women and Children's Hospital, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianduan Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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15
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Associations between plasma sulfur amino acids and specific fat depots in two independent cohorts: CODAM and The Maastricht Study. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:891-904. [PMID: 36322288 PMCID: PMC9941263 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-03041-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sulfur amino acids (SAAs) have been associated with obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases. We investigated whether plasma SAAs (methionine, total cysteine (tCys), total homocysteine, cystathionine and total glutathione) are related to specific fat depots. METHODS We examined cross-sectional subsets from the CODAM cohort (n = 470, 61.3% men, median [IQR]: 67 [61, 71] years) and The Maastricht Study (DMS; n = 371, 53.4% men, 63 [55, 68] years), enriched with (pre)diabetic individuals. SAAs were measured in fasting EDTA plasma with LC-MS/MS. Outcomes comprised BMI, skinfolds, waist circumference (WC), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA, DMS), body composition, abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues (CODAM: ultrasound, DMS: MRI) and liver fat (estimated, in CODAM, or MRI-derived, in DMS, liver fat percentage and fatty liver disease). Associations were examined with linear or logistic regressions adjusted for relevant confounders with z-standardized primary exposures and outcomes. RESULTS Methionine was associated with all measures of liver fat, e.g., fatty liver disease [CODAM: OR = 1.49 (95% CI 1.19, 1.88); DMS: OR = 1.51 (1.09, 2.14)], but not with other fat depots. tCys was associated with overall obesity, e.g., BMI [CODAM: β = 0.19 (0.09, 0.28); DMS: β = 0.24 (0.14, 0.34)]; peripheral adiposity, e.g., biceps and triceps skinfolds [CODAM: β = 0.15 (0.08, 0.23); DMS: β = 0.20 (0.12, 0.29)]; and central adiposity, e.g., WC [CODAM: β = 0.16 (0.08, 0.25); DMS: β = 0.17 (0.08, 0.27)]. Associations of tCys with VAT and liver fat were inconsistent. Other SAAs were not associated with body fat. CONCLUSION Plasma concentrations of methionine and tCys showed distinct associations with different fat depots, with similar strengths in the two cohorts.
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16
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Richie JP, Sinha R, Dong Z, Nichenametla SN, Ables GP, Ciccarella A, Sinha I, Calcagnotto AM, Chinchilli VM, Reinhart L, Orentreich D. Dietary Methionine and Total Sulfur Amino Acid Restriction in Healthy Adults. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:111-123. [PMID: 36806866 PMCID: PMC10782544 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-1883-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dietary restriction of methionine (Met) and cysteine (Cys) delays the aging process and aging-related diseases, improves glucose and fat metabolism and reduces oxidative stress in numerous laboratory animal models. Little is known regarding the effects of sulfur amino acid restriction in humans. Thus, our objectives were to determine the impact of feeding diets restricted in Met alone (MetR) or in both Met and Cys (total sulfur amino acids, SAAR) to healthy adults on relevant biomarkers of cardiometabolic disease risk. DESIGN A controlled feeding study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS We included 20 healthy adults (11 females/9 males) assigned to MetR or SAAR diet groups consisting of three 4-wk feeding periods: Control period; low level restriction period (70% MetR or 50% SAAR); and high level restriction period (90% MetR or 65% SAAR) separated by 3-4-wk washout periods. RESULTS No adverse effects were associated with either diet and level of restriction and compliance was high in all subjects. SAAR was associated with significant reductions in body weight and plasma levels of total cholesterol, LDL, uric acid, leptin, and insulin, BUN, and IGF-1, and increases in body temperature and plasma FGF-21 after 4 weeks (P<0.05). Fewer changes occurred with MetR including significant reductions in BUN, uric acid and 8-isoprostane and an increase in FGF-21 after 4 weeks (P<0.05). In the 65% SAAR group, plasma Met and Cys levels were significantly reduced by 15% and 13% respectively (P<0.05). CONCLUSION These results suggest that many of the short-term beneficial effects of SAAR observed in animal models are translatable to humans and support further clinical development of this intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P. Richie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey PA
| | - Raghu Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey PA
| | - Zhen Dong
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey PA
- Current address: Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Animal Science Laboratory, Cold Spring-on-Hudson, NY
| | - Sailendra N. Nichenametla
- Current address: Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Animal Science Laboratory, Cold Spring-on-Hudson, NY
| | - Gene P. Ables
- Current address: Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Animal Science Laboratory, Cold Spring-on-Hudson, NY
| | - Amy Ciccarella
- Center for Clinical Research, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA
| | - Indu Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey PA
| | - Ana M. Calcagnotto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey PA
| | - Vernon M. Chinchilli
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey PA
| | - Lisa Reinhart
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey PA
| | - David Orentreich
- Current address: Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Animal Science Laboratory, Cold Spring-on-Hudson, NY
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17
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Manipulation of Amino Acid Levels with Artificial Diets Induces a Marked Anticancer Activity in Mice with Renal Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416132. [PMID: 36555771 PMCID: PMC9783696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapies with antiangiogenic drugs (e.g., sunitinib) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., anti-PD-1 antibodies) are the standard of care for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Although these treatments improve patient survival, they are rarely curative. We previously hypothesized that advanced cancers might be treated without drugs by using artificial diets in which the levels of specific amino acids (AAs) are manipulated. In this work, after showing that AA manipulation induces selective anticancer activity in renal cell carcinoma cells in vitro, we screened 18 artificial diets for anticancer activity in a challenging animal model of renal cell carcinoma. The model was established by injecting murine renal cell carcinoma (Renca) cells into the peritoneum of immunocompetent BALB/cAnNRj mice. Mice survival was markedly improved when their normal diet was replaced with our artificial diets. Mice fed a diet lacking six AAs (diet T2) lived longer than mice treated with sunitinib or anti-PD-1 immunotherapy; several animals lived very long or were cured. Controlling the levels of several AAs (e.g., cysteine, methionine, and leucine) and lipids was important for the anticancer activity of the diets. Additional studies are needed to further evaluate the therapeutic potential and mechanism of action of this simple and inexpensive anticancer strategy.
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18
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Nichenametla SN, Mattocks DAL, Cooke D, Midya V, Malloy VL, Mansilla W, Øvrebø B, Turner C, Bastani N, Sokolová J, Pavlíková M, Richie JP, Shoveller A, Refsum H, Olsen T, Vinknes KJ, Kožich V, Ables GP. Cysteine restriction-specific effects of sulfur amino acid restriction on lipid metabolism. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13739. [PMID: 36403077 PMCID: PMC9741510 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreasing the dietary intake of methionine exerts robust anti-adiposity effects in rodents but modest effects in humans. Since cysteine can be synthesized from methionine, animal diets are formulated by decreasing methionine and eliminating cysteine. Such diets exert both methionine restriction (MR) and cysteine restriction (CR), that is, sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR). Contrarily, SAAR diets formulated for human consumption included cysteine, and thus might have exerted only MR. Epidemiological studies positively correlate body adiposity with plasma cysteine but not methionine, suggesting that CR, but not MR, is responsible for the anti-adiposity effects of SAAR. Whether this is true, and, if so, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Using methionine- and cysteine-titrated diets, we demonstrate that the anti-adiposity effects of SAAR are due to CR. Data indicate that CR increases serinogenesis (serine biosynthesis from non-glucose substrates) by diverting substrates from glyceroneogenesis, which is essential for fatty acid reesterification and triglyceride synthesis. Molecular data suggest that CR depletes hepatic glutathione and induces Nrf2 and its downstream targets Phgdh (the serine biosynthetic enzyme) and Pepck-M. In mice, the magnitude of SAAR-induced changes in molecular markers depended on dietary fat concentration (60% fat >10% fat), sex (males > females), and age-at-onset (young > adult). Our findings are translationally relevant as we found negative and positive correlations of plasma serine and cysteine, respectively, with triglycerides and metabolic syndrome criteria in a cross-sectional epidemiological study. Controlled feeding of low-SAA, high-polyunsaturated fatty acid diets increased plasma serine in humans. Serinogenesis might be a target for treating hypertriglyceridemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailendra N. Nichenametla
- Animal Science LaboratoryOrentreich Foundation for the Advancement of ScienceCold Spring‐on‐HudsonNew YorkUSA
| | - Dwight A. L. Mattocks
- Animal Science LaboratoryOrentreich Foundation for the Advancement of ScienceCold Spring‐on‐HudsonNew YorkUSA
| | - Diana Cooke
- Animal Science LaboratoryOrentreich Foundation for the Advancement of ScienceCold Spring‐on‐HudsonNew YorkUSA
| | - Vishal Midya
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public HealthIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Virginia L. Malloy
- Animal Science LaboratoryOrentreich Foundation for the Advancement of ScienceCold Spring‐on‐HudsonNew YorkUSA
| | - Wilfredo Mansilla
- Department of Animal BioscienceUniversity of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada
| | - Bente Øvrebø
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Cheryl Turner
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Nasser E. Bastani
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Jitka Sokolová
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, General University Hospital in PragueCharles University‐First Faculty of MedicinePragueCzech Republic
| | - Markéta Pavlíková
- Department of Probability and Mathematical StatisticsCharles University ‐ Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsPragueCzech Republic
| | - John P. Richie
- Departments of Public Health Sciences and PharmacologyPenn State University College of MedicineHersheyPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Anna K. Shoveller
- Department of Animal BioscienceUniversity of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada
| | - Helga Refsum
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway,Department of PharmacologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Kathrine J. Vinknes
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Viktor Kožich
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, General University Hospital in PragueCharles University‐First Faculty of MedicinePragueCzech Republic
| | - Gene P. Ables
- Animal Science LaboratoryOrentreich Foundation for the Advancement of ScienceCold Spring‐on‐HudsonNew YorkUSA
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19
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Dietary Supplementation with D-Ribose-L-Cysteine Prevents Hepatic Stress and Pro-Inflammatory Responses in Male Wistar Rats Fed a High-Fructose High-Fat Diet. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2022; 29:631-639. [PMID: 36412634 PMCID: PMC9680386 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology29040049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Diets rich in fats and fructose are associated with the pathogenesis of oxidative stress-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Therefore, we investigated the effect of D-ribose-L-cysteine (DRLC) in high-fructose high-fat (HFHF) diet-fed rats. Twenty rats (n = 5), divided into four groups, were simultaneously exposed to HFHF and/or DRLC (250 mg/kg) orally during the 8 weeks of the study. Results showed that HFHF precipitated pro-inflammation and selective disruption of the oxidative stress markers. There were significant decreases in the level of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), hepatic SOD and GPX. Significant increases in serum levels of uric acid (UA), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP) and hepatic Xanthine oxidase (XO) were observed in the HFHF compared to the control. In the HFHF + DRLC group, oxidative stress was mitigated due to differences in serum levels of SOD, GPX, TAC, TNF-α, liver SOD, and XO relative to control. The administration of DRLC alone caused significant reductions in malondialdehyde, UA and CRP and a significant increase in SOD compared to the control. DRLC prevents hepatic and systemic oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory events in HFHF diet-fed rats.
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20
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Fang H, Stone KP, Wanders D, Forney LA, Gettys TW. The Origins, Evolution, and Future of Dietary Methionine Restriction. Annu Rev Nutr 2022; 42:201-226. [PMID: 35588443 PMCID: PMC9936953 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-062320-111849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The original description of dietary methionine restriction (MR) used semipurified diets to limit methionine intake to 20% of normal levels, and this reduction in dietary methionine increased longevity by ∼30% in rats. The MR diet also produces paradoxical increases in energy intake and expenditure and limits fat deposition while reducing tissue and circulating lipids and enhancing overall insulin sensitivity. In the years following the original 1993 report, a comprehensive effort has been made to understand the nutrient sensing and signaling systems linking reduced dietary methionine to the behavioral, physiological, biochemical, and transcriptional components of the response. Recent work has shown that transcriptional activation of hepatic fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a key event linking the MR diet to many but not all components of its metabolic phenotype. These findings raise the interesting possibility of developing therapeutic, MR-based diets that produce the beneficial effects of FGF21 by nutritionally modulating its transcription and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Fang
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA;
| | - Kirsten P Stone
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA;
| | - Desiree Wanders
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Laura A Forney
- Department of Kinesiology, Houston Baptist University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas W Gettys
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA;
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21
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Sharma B, Devi S, Kumar R, Kanwar SS. Screening, characterization and anti-cancer application of purified intracellular MGL. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 217:96-110. [PMID: 35817235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
L-methionine-γ-lyase (MGL) producing bacterial isolates were screened from soil samples that further characterized as 'Klebsiella oxytoca BLM-1' by biochemical and 16S rDNA sequencing. Intracellular MGL obtained from K. oxytoca BLM-1 by sonication was purified by Octyl-Sepharose and Sephadex G-200 column chromatography. MALDI-TOF-MS analysis of protein band (Mr ~ 63 kDa) confirmed the PLP-dependence and structural similarity with MGL enzyme. Purified MGL (1.1 μg) exhibited the maximum activity in potassium phosphate buffer (80 mM; with L-met 20 mM pH 7.0) at 37 °C. That further enhanced in the presence of NaCl (2 mM), Tween-80 (1.0 %; v/v) and EDTA (5 mM). Km and Vmax for purified MGL by using L-met as substrate was found to be 5.32 mM and 0.386 U/mL/min. The purified MGL showed PLP dependence and the half-life was 365.59 min. The MGL was effective against breast cancer (MCF7), gastric adenocarcinoma and human glioblastoma (U87MG) cancer cell lines with IC50 values of purified MGL 0.041 U/mL, 0.008 U/mL and 0.009 U/mL, respectively. The U87MG, greatly affected by MGL treatment, when cultured in DMEM medium (10 mL) with PLP, homocysteine and 10 % FCS as compared to control/untransformed mouse spleen cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupender Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla 171 005, India
| | - Sunita Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla 171 005, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla 171 005, India
| | - Shamsher Singh Kanwar
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla 171 005, India.
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22
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Plummer JD, Johnson JE. Intermittent methionine restriction reduces IGF-1 levels and produces similar healthspan benefits to continuous methionine restriction. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13629. [PMID: 35570387 PMCID: PMC9197402 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A sustained state of methionine restriction (MR) dramatically extends the healthspan of several model organisms. For example, continuously methionine‐restricted rodents have less age‐related pathology and are up to 45% longer‐lived than controls. Promisingly, MR is feasible for humans, and studies have suggested that methionine‐restricted individuals may receive similar benefits to rodents. However, long‐term adherence to a methionine‐restricted diet is likely to be challenging for many individuals. Prompted by this, and the fact that intermittent variants of other healthspan‐extending interventions (i.e., intermittent fasting and the cyclic ketogenic diet) are just as effective, if not more, than their continuous counterparts, we hypothesized that an intermittent form of MR might produce similar healthspan benefits to continuous MR. Accordingly, we developed two increasingly stringent forms of intermittent MR (IMR) and assessed whether mice maintained on these diets demonstrate the beneficial metabolic changes typically observed for continuous MR. To the best of our knowledge, we show for the first time that IMR produces similar beneficial metabolic effects to continuous MR, including improved glucose homeostasis and protection against diet‐induced obesity and hepatosteatosis. In addition, like continuous MR, IMR confers beneficial changes in the plasma levels of the hormones IGF‐1, FGF‐21, leptin, and adiponectin. Together, our findings demonstrate that the more practicable intermittent form of MR produces similar healthspan benefits to continuous MR, and thus may represent a more appealing alternative to the classical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D. Plummer
- Department of Biology Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science Cold Spring New York USA
| | - Jay E. Johnson
- Department of Biology Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science Cold Spring New York USA
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23
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Hine C, Treviño-Villarreal JH, Mejia P, Longchamp A, Brace LE, Harputlugil E, Mitchell SJ, Yang J, Guan Y, Maciejewski JP, Jha BK, Mitchell JR. Sulfur Amino Acid Supplementation Abrogates Protective Effects of Caloric Restriction for Enhancing Bone Marrow Regrowth Following Ionizing Radiation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071529. [PMID: 35406143 PMCID: PMC9002760 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy damages and depletes total bone marrow (BM) cellularity, compromising safety and limiting effective dosing. Aging also strains total BM and BM hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) renewal and function, resulting in multi-system defects. Interventions that preserve BM and BM HSPC homeostasis thus have potential clinical significance. Here, we report that 50% calorie restriction (CR) for 7-days or fasting for 3-days prior to irradiation improved mouse BM regrowth in the days and weeks post irradiation. Specifically, one week of 50% CR ameliorated loss of total BM cellularity post irradiation compared to ad libitum-fed controls. CR-mediated BM protection was abrogated by dietary sulfur amino acid (i.e., cysteine, methionine) supplementation or pharmacological inhibition of sulfur amino acid metabolizing and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) producing enzymes. Up to 2-fold increased proliferative capacity of ex vivo-irradiated BM isolated from food restricted mice relative to control mice indicates cell autonomy of the protective effect. Pretreatment with H2S in vitro was sufficient to preserve proliferative capacity by over 50% compared to non-treated cells in ex vivo-irradiated BM and BM HSPCs. The exogenous addition of H2S inhibited Ten eleven translocation 2 (TET2) activity in vitro, thus providing a potential mechanism of action. Short-term CR or fasting therefore offers BM radioprotection and promotes regrowth in part via altered sulfur amino acid metabolism and H2S generation, with translational implications for radiation treatment and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hine
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
- Department of Molecular Metabolism (Formally Genetics and Complex Diseases), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.H.T.-V.) (P.M.); (A.L.); (L.E.B.); (E.H.); (S.J.M.); (J.R.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - J. Humberto Treviño-Villarreal
- Department of Molecular Metabolism (Formally Genetics and Complex Diseases), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.H.T.-V.) (P.M.); (A.L.); (L.E.B.); (E.H.); (S.J.M.); (J.R.M.)
- Service of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital and School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey N.L. 64460, Mexico
| | - Pedro Mejia
- Department of Molecular Metabolism (Formally Genetics and Complex Diseases), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.H.T.-V.) (P.M.); (A.L.); (L.E.B.); (E.H.); (S.J.M.); (J.R.M.)
| | - Alban Longchamp
- Department of Molecular Metabolism (Formally Genetics and Complex Diseases), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.H.T.-V.) (P.M.); (A.L.); (L.E.B.); (E.H.); (S.J.M.); (J.R.M.)
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lear E. Brace
- Department of Molecular Metabolism (Formally Genetics and Complex Diseases), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.H.T.-V.) (P.M.); (A.L.); (L.E.B.); (E.H.); (S.J.M.); (J.R.M.)
| | - Eylul Harputlugil
- Department of Molecular Metabolism (Formally Genetics and Complex Diseases), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.H.T.-V.) (P.M.); (A.L.); (L.E.B.); (E.H.); (S.J.M.); (J.R.M.)
| | - Sarah J. Mitchell
- Department of Molecular Metabolism (Formally Genetics and Complex Diseases), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.H.T.-V.) (P.M.); (A.L.); (L.E.B.); (E.H.); (S.J.M.); (J.R.M.)
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8005 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Yihong Guan
- Department of Translational Hematology & Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (Y.G.); (J.P.M.); (B.K.J.)
| | - Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski
- Department of Translational Hematology & Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (Y.G.); (J.P.M.); (B.K.J.)
| | - Babal K. Jha
- Department of Translational Hematology & Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (Y.G.); (J.P.M.); (B.K.J.)
| | - James R. Mitchell
- Department of Molecular Metabolism (Formally Genetics and Complex Diseases), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.H.T.-V.) (P.M.); (A.L.); (L.E.B.); (E.H.); (S.J.M.); (J.R.M.)
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8005 Zurich, Switzerland
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24
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Metabolic benefits of methionine restriction in adult mice do not require functional methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA). Sci Rep 2022; 12:5073. [PMID: 35332198 PMCID: PMC8948287 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08978-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Methionine restriction (MR) extends lifespan and improves several markers of health in rodents. However, the proximate mechanisms of MR on these physiological benefits have not been fully elucidated. The essential amino acid methionine plays numerous biological roles and limiting its availability in the diet directly modulates methionine metabolism. There is growing evidence that redox regulation of methionine has regulatory control on some aspects of cellular function but interactions with MR remain largely unexplored. We tested the functional role of the ubiquitously expressed methionine repair enzyme methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) on the metabolic benefits of MR in mice. MsrA catalytically reduces both free and protein-bound oxidized methionine, thus playing a key role in its redox state. We tested the extent to which MsrA is required for metabolic effects of MR in adult mice using mice lacking MsrA. As expected, MR in control mice reduced body weight, altered body composition, and improved glucose metabolism. Interestingly, lack of MsrA did not impair the metabolic effects of MR on these outcomes. Moreover, females had blunted MR responses regardless of MsrA status compared to males. Overall, our data suggests that MsrA is not required for the metabolic benefits of MR in adult mice.
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25
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Chen H, Peng T, Shang H, Shang X, Zhao X, Qu M, Song X. RNA-Seq Analysis Reveals the Potential Molecular Mechanisms of Puerarin on Intramuscular Fat Deposition in Heat-Stressed Beef Cattle. Front Nutr 2022; 9:817557. [PMID: 35387191 PMCID: PMC8978796 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.817557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of Puerarin on intramuscular fat deposition in heat-stressed beef cattle and its underlying mechanism. Thirty-two healthy Jinjiang bulls were randomly divided into four groups and dietary with 0 (Control), 200 (Pue200), 400 (Pue400), and 800 (Pue800) mg/kg Puerarin in the feed concentrate. The results showed that Puerarin treatment enhanced the concentration of crude fat, fatty acid (C14:1 and C17:1), and the activity of fatty acid synthase in Longissimus thoracis (LT), but decreased the levels of blood leptin (P < 0.05). High-throughput sequencing of mRNA technology (RNA-Seq) was used and the analysis showed that 492 genes were down-regulated and 341 genes were up-regulated in LT, and these genes were significantly enriched to the pathways related to lipid metabolism. These results indicated that dietary supplemental with Puerarin enhanced intramuscular fat deposition by regulating lipid metabolism of heat-stressed beef cattle.
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26
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Methionine adenosyltransferase 1a antisense oligonucleotides activate the liver-brown adipose tissue axis preventing obesity and associated hepatosteatosis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1096. [PMID: 35232994 PMCID: PMC8888704 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28749-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered methionine metabolism is associated with weight gain in obesity. The methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT), catalyzing the first reaction of the methionine cycle, plays an important role regulating lipid metabolism. However, its role in obesity, when a plethora of metabolic diseases occurs, is still unknown. By using antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) and genetic depletion of Mat1a, here, we demonstrate that Mat1a deficiency in diet-induce obese or genetically obese mice prevented and reversed obesity and obesity-associated insulin resistance and hepatosteatosis by increasing energy expenditure in a hepatocyte FGF21 dependent fashion. The increased NRF2-mediated FGF21 secretion induced by targeting Mat1a, mobilized plasma lipids towards the BAT to be catabolized, induced thermogenesis and reduced body weight, inhibiting hepatic de novo lipogenesis. The beneficial effects of Mat1a ASO were abolished following FGF21 depletion in hepatocytes. Thus, targeting Mat1a activates the liver-BAT axis by increasing NRF2-mediated FGF21 secretion, which prevents obesity, insulin resistance and hepatosteatosis.
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27
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity develops due to an imbalance in energy homeostasis, wherein energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. Accumulating evidence shows that manipulations of dietary protein and their component amino acids affect the energy balance, resulting in changes in fat mass and body weight. Amino acids are not only the building blocks of proteins but also serve as signals regulating multiple biological pathways. SCOPE OF REVIEW We present the currently available evidence regarding the effects of dietary alterations of a single essential amino acid (EAA) on energy balance and relevant signaling mechanisms at both central and peripheral levels. We summarize the association between EAAs and obesity in humans and the clinical use of modifying the dietary EAA composition for therapeutic intervention in obesity. Finally, similar mechanisms underlying diets varying in protein levels and diets altered of a single EAA are described. The current review would expand our understanding of the contribution of protein and amino acids to energy balance control, thus helping discover novel therapeutic approaches for obesity and related diseases. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Changes in circulating EAA levels, particularly increased branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), have been reported in obese human and animal models. Alterations in dietary EAA intake result in improvements in fat and weight loss in rodents, and each has its distinct mechanism. For example, leucine deprivation increases energy expenditure, reduces food intake and fat mass, primarily through regulation of the general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. Methionine restriction by 80% decreases fat mass and body weight while developing hyperphagia, primarily through fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) signaling. Some effects of diets with different protein levels on energy homeostasis are mediated by similar mechanisms. However, reports on the effects and underlying mechanisms of dietary EAA imbalances on human body weight are few, and more investigations are needed in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Feifan Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, China.
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28
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Green CL, Lamming DW, Fontana L. Molecular mechanisms of dietary restriction promoting health and longevity. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:56-73. [PMID: 34518687 PMCID: PMC8692439 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00411-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 121.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dietary restriction with adequate nutrition is the gold standard for delaying ageing and extending healthspan and lifespan in diverse species, including rodents and non-human primates. In this Review, we discuss the effects of dietary restriction in these mammalian model organisms and discuss accumulating data that suggest that dietary restriction results in many of the same physiological, metabolic and molecular changes responsible for the prevention of multiple ageing-associated diseases in humans. We further discuss how different forms of fasting, protein restriction and specific reductions in the levels of essential amino acids such as methionine and the branched-chain amino acids selectively impact the activity of AKT, FOXO, mTOR, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), which are key components of some of the most important nutrient-sensing geroprotective signalling pathways that promote healthy longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara L Green
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dudley W Lamming
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Luigi Fontana
- Charles Perkins Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Brescia University School of Medicine, Brescia, Italy.
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29
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Pavão ML, Ferin R, Lima A, Baptista J. Cysteine and related aminothiols in cardiovascular disease, obesity and insulin resistance. Adv Clin Chem 2022; 109:75-127. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Yano Y, Maeda C, Kaneko I, Kobayashi Y, Aoi W, Kuwahata M. Cystine supplementation sustains plasma mercaptalbumin levels in rats fed low-protein diets more effectively than methionine. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2021; 69:122-130. [PMID: 34616103 PMCID: PMC8482384 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20-146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently reported that dietary cystine maintained plasma mercaptalbumin levels in rats fed low-protein diets. The present study aimed to compare the influence of low-protein diets supplemented with cystine and methionine, which is another sulfur amino acid, on plasma mercaptalbumin levels in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a 20% soy protein isolate diet (control group), 5% soy protein isolate diet (low-protein group) or 5% soy protein isolate diet supplemented with either methionine (low-protein + Met group) or cystine (low-protein + Cyss group) for 1 week. The percentage of mercaptalbumin within total plasma albumin of the low-protein + Met group was significantly lower than that of the control and low-protein + Cyss groups. No significant differences in the mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and cyclooxygenase 2 in blood cells were observed between the low-protein + Met and low-protein + Cyss groups. Treatment with buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine, an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, did not influence the percentage of mercaptalbumin within total plasma albumin in rats fed the low-protein diet supplemented with cystine. These results suggest that supplementation with cystine may be more effective than that with methionine to maintain plasma mercaptalbumin levels in rats with protein malnutrition. Cystine might regulate plasma mercaptalbumin levels via the glutathione-independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukimi Yano
- Department of Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo-hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Chihiro Maeda
- Department of Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo-hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kaneko
- Department of Applied Nutrition, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kobayashi
- Department of Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo-hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Wataru Aoi
- Department of Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo-hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Masashi Kuwahata
- Department of Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo-hangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
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Extracellular cystine influences human preadipocyte differentiation and correlates with fat mass in healthy adults. Amino Acids 2021; 53:1623-1634. [PMID: 34519922 PMCID: PMC8521515 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03071-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Plasma cysteine is associated with human obesity, but it is unknown whether this is mediated by reduced, disulfide (cystine and mixed-disulfides) or protein-bound (bCys) fractions. We investigated which cysteine fractions are associated with adiposity in vivo and if a relevant fraction influences human adipogenesis in vitro. In the current study, plasma cysteine fractions were correlated with body fat mass in 35 adults. Strong positive correlations with fat mass were observed for cystine and mixed disulfides (r ≥ 0.61, P < 0.001), but not the quantitatively major form, bCys. Primary human preadipocytes were differentiated in media containing cystine concentrations varying from 10-50 μM, a range similar to that in plasma. Increasing extracellular cystine (10-50 μM) enhanced mRNA expression of PPARG2 (to sixfold), PPARG1, PLIN1, SCD1 and CDO1 (P = 0.042- < 0.001). Adipocyte lipid accumulation and lipid-droplet size showed dose-dependent increases from lowest to highest cystine concentrations (P < 0.001), and the malonedialdehyde/total antioxidant capacity increased, suggesting increased oxidative stress. In conclusion, increased cystine concentrations, within the physiological range, are positively associated with both fat mass in healthy adults and human adipogenic differentiation in vitro. The potential role of cystine as a modifiable factor regulating human adipocyte turnover and metabolism deserves further study.
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32
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Fang H, Stone KP, Ghosh S, Forney LA, Gettys TW. The Role of Reduced Methionine in Mediating the Metabolic Responses to Protein Restriction Using Different Sources of Protein. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082609. [PMID: 34444768 PMCID: PMC8399679 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary protein restriction and dietary methionine restriction (MR) produce a comparable series of behavioral, physiological, biochemical, and transcriptional responses. Both dietary regimens produce a similar reduction in intake of sulfur amino acids (e.g., methionine and cystine), and both diets increase expression and release of hepatic FGF21. Given that FGF21 is an essential mediator of the metabolic phenotype produced by both diets, an important unresolved question is whether dietary protein restriction represents de facto methionine restriction. Using diets formulated from either casein or soy protein with matched reductions in sulfur amino acids, we compared the ability of the respective diets to recapitulate the metabolic phenotype produced by methionine restriction using elemental diets. Although the soy-based control diets supported faster growth compared to casein-based control diets, casein-based protein restriction and soy-based protein restriction produced comparable reductions in body weight and fat deposition, and similar increases in energy intake, energy expenditure, and water intake. In addition, the prototypical effects of dietary MR on hepatic and adipose tissue target genes were similarly regulated by casein- and soy-based protein restriction. The present findings support the feasibility of using restricted intake of diets from various protein sources to produce therapeutically effective implementation of dietary methionine restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Fang
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing & Adipocyte Signaling, 6400 Perkins Road, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (H.F.); (K.P.S.)
| | - Kirsten P. Stone
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing & Adipocyte Signaling, 6400 Perkins Road, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (H.F.); (K.P.S.)
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA;
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders and Center for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Laura A. Forney
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Thomas W. Gettys
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing & Adipocyte Signaling, 6400 Perkins Road, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (H.F.); (K.P.S.)
- Correspondence:
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33
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Dong Z, Gao X, Chinchilli VM, Sinha R, Muscat J, Winkels R, Richie JP. Association of dietary sulfur amino acid intake with mortality from diabetes and other causes. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:289-298. [PMID: 34327571 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02641-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sulfur amino acid (SAA) consumption in Western countries is far greater than recommended levels. In preclinical studies, reduced SAA intake enhanced longevity and reduced risk for numerous chronic diseases. The current objective was to examine for associations between the intake of total SAA, including methionine (Met) and cysteine (Cys), and all-cause and disease-specific mortality US adults. METHODS This prospective analysis included 15,083 US adult participants (mean age = 46.7 years) from the Third National Examination and Nutritional Health Survey (NHANES III, 1988-1994) with available mortality status (National Death Registry, 1988-2011). Dietary SAA intake was obtained from 24-h recall data. Associations between quintile (Q) of SAA intake (expressed as absolute intake or protein density) and mortality were assessed using Cox proportional hazard models and expressed as hazard ratio (HR). RESULTS During follow-up (mean = 16.9 years), 4636 deaths occurred. After multivariable adjustment (including demographics and traditional risk factors, such as fat and other micronutrients intake), diabetes-caused mortality rates were nearly threefold higher in the highest compared to lowest SAA intake quintiles [HRQ5-Q1 total SAA, 2.68 (1.46-4.90); HRQ5-Q1 methionine, 2.45 (1.37-4.38); HRQ5-Q1 cysteine, 2.91 (1.57-5.37)] (P < 0.01)]. Higher total SAA protein density was also associated with diabetes-caused mortality [HRQ5-Q1 1.75 (1.31-2.35)]. Associations between SAA intake and all-cause mortality, and mortality caused by other major diseases were not detected. CONCLUSION Results suggest that high-SAA diets are associated with increased risk for diabetes mortality and that lowering intake towards to Recommended Dietary Allowance levels could lead to reductions in lifetime risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Dong
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Mail Code CH69, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Vernon M Chinchilli
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Mail Code CH69, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Raghu Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Joshua Muscat
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Mail Code CH69, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Renate Winkels
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Mail Code CH69, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - John P Richie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Mail Code CH69, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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Hepatic Nfe2l2 Is Not an Essential Mediator of the Metabolic Phenotype Produced by Dietary Methionine Restriction. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061788. [PMID: 34073838 PMCID: PMC8225036 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The principal sensing of dietary methionine restriction (MR) occurs in the liver, where it activates multiple transcriptional programs that mediate various biological components of the response. Hepatic Fgf21 is a key target and essential endocrine mediator of the metabolic phenotype produced by dietary MR. The transcription factor, Nfe2l2, is also activated by MR and functions in tandem with hepatic Atf4 to transactivate multiple, antioxidative components of the integrated stress response. However, it is unclear whether the transcriptional responses linked to Nfe2l2 activation by dietary MR are essential to the biological efficacy of the diet. Using mice with liver-specific deletion of Nfe2l2 (Nfe2l2fl/(Alb)) and their floxed littermates (Nfe2l2fl/fl) fed either Control or MR diets, the absence of hepatic Nfe2l2 had no effect on the ability of the MR diet to increase FGF21, reduce body weight and adiposity, and increase energy expenditure. Moreover, the primary elements of the hepatic transcriptome were similarly affected by MR in both genotypes, with the only major differences occurring in induction of the P450-associated drug metabolism pathway and the pentose glucuronate interconversion pathway. The biological significance of these pathways is uncertain but we conclude that hepatic Nfe2l2 is not essential in mediating the metabolic effects of dietary MR.
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Fang H, Stone KP, Forney LA, Sims LC, Gutierrez GC, Ghosh S, Gettys TW. Implementation of dietary methionine restriction using casein after selective, oxidative deletion of methionine. iScience 2021; 24:102470. [PMID: 34113817 PMCID: PMC8169944 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary methionine restriction (MR) is normally implemented using diets formulated from elemental amino acids (AA) that reduce methionine content to ∼0.17%. However, translational implementation of MR with elemental AA-based diets is intractable due to poor palatability. To solve this problem and restrict methionine using intact proteins, casein was subjected to mild oxidation to selectively reduce methionine. Diets were then formulated using oxidized casein, adding back methionine to produce a final concentration of 0.17%. The biological efficacy of dietary MR using the oxidized casein (Ox Cas) diet was compared with the standard elemental MR diet in terms of the behavioral, metabolic, endocrine, and transcriptional responses to the four diets. The Ox Cas MR diet faithfully reproduced the expected physiological, biochemical, and transcriptional responses in liver and inguinal white adipose tissue. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that dietary MR can be effectively implemented using casein after selective oxidative reduction of methionine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Fang
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Kirsten P. Stone
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Laura A. Forney
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Landon C. Sims
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Gabriela C. Gutierrez
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70809, USA
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders and Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas W. Gettys
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
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Plummer JD, Postnikoff SD, Tyler JK, Johnson JE. Selenium supplementation inhibits IGF-1 signaling and confers methionine restriction-like healthspan benefits to mice. eLife 2021; 10:62483. [PMID: 33783357 PMCID: PMC8009673 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Methionine restriction (MR) dramatically extends the healthspan of several organisms. Methionine-restricted rodents have less age-related pathology and increased longevity as compared with controls, and recent studies suggest that humans might benefit similarly. Mechanistically, it is likely that the decreased IGF-1 signaling that results from MR underlies the benefits of this regimen. Thus, we hypothesized that interventions that decrease IGF-1 signaling would also produce MR-like healthspan benefits. Selenium supplementation inhibits IGF-1 signaling in rats and has been studied for its putative healthspan benefits. Indeed, we show that feeding mice a diet supplemented with sodium selenite results in an MR-like phenotype, marked by protection against diet-induced obesity, as well as altered plasma levels of IGF-1, FGF-21, adiponectin, and leptin. Selenomethionine supplementation results in a similar, albeit less robust response, and also extends budding yeast lifespan. Our results indicate that selenium supplementation is sufficient to produce MR-like healthspan benefits for yeast and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Plummer
- Department of Biology, Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Cold Spring, United States
| | - Spike Dl Postnikoff
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Jessica K Tyler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Jay E Johnson
- Department of Biology, Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Cold Spring, United States
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Ren H, Liu TC, Lu Y, Zhang K, Xu Y, Zhou P, Tang X. A comparison study of the influence of milk protein versus whey protein in high-protein diets on adiposity in rats. Food Funct 2021; 12:1008-1019. [PMID: 33502407 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01960g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
High-protein diets are known to reduce weight and fat deposition. However, there have been only a few studies on the efficacy of different types of high-protein diets in preventing obesity. Therefore, the emphasis of this study lies in comparing the efficacy of two high-protein diets (milk protein and whey protein) in preventing obesity and exploring specific mechanisms. Eighty Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two groups and fed with milk protein concentrate (MPC) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) for 12 weeks. Each group was divided into four levels: two low-fat regimens with either low or high protein content (L-14%, L-40%) and two high-fat regimens with either low or high protein content (H-14%, H-40%). The studies we have performed showed that rats treated with MPC at the 40% protein level had significantly reduced body weight, fat weight and fat ratio gain induced by a high-fat diet, while the protein level in the WPC group had no effect on body weight or body fat in rats fed with a high-fat diet. What is more, rats fed with MPC at the H-40% energy level showed a significant decrease in plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and a significant increase in plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels compared with the H-14% energy level group. In contrast, in the WPC groups, increasing the protein content in high-fat diets had no significant influence on plasma lipid levels. The results of the amino acid composition of the two proteins and plasma showed that the MPC diet of 40% protein level increased the transsulfuration pathway in rats, thereby increasing the level of H2S. This research work has shown that not all types of high-protein diets can effectively prevent obesity induced by high-fat diets, as effectiveness depends on the amino acid composition of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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Olsen T, Øvrebø B, Turner C, Bastani NE, Refsum H, Vinknes KJ. Effects of short-term methionine and cysteine restriction and enrichment with polyunsaturated fatty acids on oral glucose tolerance, plasma amino acids, fatty acids, lactate and pyruvate: results from a pilot study. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:43. [PMID: 33531059 PMCID: PMC7852127 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05463-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In this 7-day pilot study we randomized healthy, normal-weight men and women to either a dietary intervention with methionine and cysteine restriction enriched in PUFA (Met/Cyslow + PUFA, n = 7) or with high contents of methionine, cysteine and SFA (Met/Cyshigh + SFA, n = 7). The objective was to describe the short-term responses in oral glucose tolerance, amino acid profile, total fatty acid profile, pyruvate and lactate following a Met/Cyslow + PUFA diet vs. Met/Cyshigh + SFA. Results The diet groups consisted of five women and two men, aged 20–38 years. After the 7-d intervention median pre- and post-oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) glucose concentrations were 5 mmol/L and 4 mmol/L respectively in the Met/Cyslow + PUFA group. In the Met/Cyshigh + SFA group, median pre- and post-OGTT glucose concentrations were 4.8 mmol/L and 4.65 mmol/L after the 7-d intervention. The responses in the amino acid profiles were similar in both groups during the intervention with the exception of serine. Fatty acids decreased from baseline to day 7 in both groups. Plasma lactate and pyruvate were similar for both groups with an increase to day 3 before approaching baseline values at day 7. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02647970, registration date: January 6th 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Medical Biosciences, Domus Medica, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Bente Øvrebø
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Medical Biosciences, Domus Medica, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, 4604, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Cheryl Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Nasser E Bastani
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Medical Biosciences, Domus Medica, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helga Refsum
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Medical Biosciences, Domus Medica, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kathrine J Vinknes
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Medical Biosciences, Domus Medica, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372, Oslo, Norway
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Rodgers M, Migdal AL, Rodríguez TG, Chen ZZ, Nath AK, Gerszten RE, Kasid N, Toschi E, Tripaldi J, Heineman B, Phan M, Ngo L, Maratos-Flier E, Dushay J. Weight Loss Outcomes Among Early High Responders to Exenatide Treatment: A Randomized, Placebo Controlled Study in Overweight and Obese Women. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:742873. [PMID: 34867786 PMCID: PMC8635796 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.742873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As there is significant heterogeneity in the weight loss response to pharmacotherapy, one of the most important clinical questions in obesity medicine is how to predict an individual's response to pharmacotherapy. The present study examines patterns of weight loss among overweight and obese women who demonstrated early robust response to twice daily exenatide treatment compared to those treated with hypocaloric diet and matched placebo injections. METHODS We randomized 182 women (BMI 25-48 kg/m2) to treatment with exenatide alone or matched placebo injections plus hypocaloric diet. In both treatment groups, women who demonstrated ≥ 5% weight loss at 12 weeks were characterized as high responders and those who lost ≥10% of body weight were classified as super responders. Our primary outcome was long-term change in body weight among early high responders to either treatment. An exploratory metabolomic analysis was also performed. RESULTS We observed individual variability in weight loss with both exenatide and hypocaloric diet plus placebo injections. There was a trend toward a higher percentage of subjects who achieved ≥ 5% weight loss with exenatide compared to diet (56% of those treated with exenatide, 76% of those treated with diet, p = 0.05) but no significant difference in those who achieved ≥ 10% weight loss (23% of individuals treated with exenatide and 36% of those treated with diet, p = 0.55). In both treatment groups, higher weight loss at 3 months of treatment predicted super responder status (diet p=0.0098, exenatide p=0.0080). Both treatment groups also demonstrated similar peak weight loss during the study period. We observed lower cysteine concentrations in the exenatide responder group (0.81 vs 0.48 p < 0.0001) and a trend toward higher levels of serotonin, aminoisobutyric acid, anandamide, and sarcosine in the exenatide super responder group. CONCLUSION In a population of early high responders, longer term weight loss with exenatide treatment is similar to that achieved with a hypocaloric diet. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION www.clinicaltrialsgov, identifier NCT01590433.
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Fang H, Stone KP, Forney LA, Wanders D, Gettys TW. Nutritional Regulation of Hepatic FGF21 by Dietary Restriction of Methionine. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:773975. [PMID: 34917032 PMCID: PMC8669746 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.773975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
FGF21 is a potent metabolic regulator of energy balance, body composition, lipid metabolism, and glucose homeostasis. Initial studies reported that it was increased by fasting and the associated increase in ketones, but more recent work points to the importance of dietary protein and sensing of essential amino acids in FGF21 regulation. For example, dietary restriction of methionine produces a rapid transcriptional activation of hepatic FGF21 that results in a persistent 5- to 10-fold increase in serum FGF21. Although FGF21 is a component of a complex transcriptional program activated by methionine restriction (MR), loss-of-function studies show that FGF21 is an essential mediator of the resulting effects of the MR diet on energy balance, remodeling of adipose tissue, and enhancement of insulin sensitivity. These studies also show that FGF21 signaling in the brain is required for the MR diet-induced increase in energy expenditure (EE) and reduction of adiposity. Collectively, the evidence supports the view that the liver functions as a sentinel to detect and respond to changes in dietary amino acid composition, and that the resulting mobilization of hepatic FGF21 is a key element of the homeostatic response. These findings raise the interesting possibility that therapeutic diets could be developed that produce sustained, biologically effective increases in FGF21 by nutritionally modulating its transcription and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Fang
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Kirsten P. Stone
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Laura A. Forney
- Department of Kinesiology, Houston Baptist University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Desiree Wanders
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Thomas W. Gettys
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Thomas W. Gettys,
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Pignatti C, D’Adamo S, Stefanelli C, Flamigni F, Cetrullo S. Nutrients and Pathways that Regulate Health Span and Life Span. Geriatrics (Basel) 2020; 5:geriatrics5040095. [PMID: 33228041 PMCID: PMC7709628 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics5040095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Both life span and health span are influenced by genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors. With the genetic influence on human life span estimated to be about 20–25%, epigenetic changes play an important role in modulating individual health status and aging. Thus, a main part of life expectance and healthy aging is determined by dietary habits and nutritional factors. Excessive or restricted food consumption have direct effects on health status. Moreover, some dietary interventions including a reduced intake of dietary calories without malnutrition, or a restriction of specific dietary component may promote health benefits and decrease the incidence of aging-related comorbidities, thus representing intriguing potential approaches to improve healthy aging. However, the relationship between nutrition, health and aging is still not fully understood as well as the mechanisms by which nutrients and nutritional status may affect health span and longevity in model organisms. The broad effect of different nutritional conditions on health span and longevity occurs through multiple mechanisms that involve evolutionary conserved nutrient-sensing pathways in tissues and organs. These pathways interacting each other include the evolutionary conserved key regulators mammalian target of rapamycin, AMP-activated protein kinase, insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 pathway and sirtuins. In this review we provide a summary of the main molecular mechanisms by which different nutritional conditions, i.e., specific nutrient abundance or restriction, may affect health span and life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Pignatti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.P.); (F.F.)
| | - Stefania D’Adamo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
- Laboratory of Immunorheumatology and Tissue Regeneration, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Stefanelli
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy;
| | - Flavio Flamigni
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.P.); (F.F.)
| | - Silvia Cetrullo
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.P.); (F.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-209-1241
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Nichenametla SN, Mattocks DAL, Midya V, Shneyder J. Differential effects of sulfur amino acid-restricted and low-calorie diets on gut microbiome profile and bile acid composition in male C57BL6/J mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 76:1922-1929. [PMID: 33106871 PMCID: PMC8514071 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet can affect health and longevity by altering the gut microbiome profile. Sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR), like caloric restriction, extends lifespan. But, its effect on the gut microbiome profile and functional significance of such effects are understudied. We investigated whether SAAR alters the gut microbiome profile and bile acid composition, an index of microbial metabolism. We also compared these changes with those induced by a 12% low-calorie diet (LCD). Male 21-week-old C57BL6/J mice were fed control (CD; 0.86% methionine), SAAR (0.12% methionine), and LCD diets (0.86% methionine). After 10 weeks on the diet, plasma markers and fecal microbial profiles were determined. SAAR mice had lower body weights and IGF-1, and higher food intake and FGF-21 than CD mice. Compared to SAAR mice, LCD mice had higher body weights, and lower FGF-21 and food intake, but similar IGF-1. β-Diversity indices were different between SAAR and LCD, and LCD and CD, but not between CD and SAAR. In groupwise comparisons of individual taxa, differences were more discernable between SAAR and LCD than between other groups. Abundances of Firmicutes, Clostridiaceae, and Turicibacteraceae were higher, but Verrucomicrobia was lower in SAAR than in LCD. Secondary bile acids and the ratio of secondary to primary bile acids were lower in SAAR than in LCD. SAAR favored bile acid conjugation with glycine at the expense of taurine. Overall, SAAR and LCD diets induced distinct changes in the gut microbiome and bile acid profiles. Additional studies on the role of these changes in improving health and lifespan are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailendra N Nichenametla
- Animal Science Laboratory, Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Cold Spring-on-Hudson, NY
| | - Dwight A L Mattocks
- Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Cold Spring-on-Hudson, NY
| | - Vishal Midya
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA
| | - Jelena Shneyder
- Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Cold Spring-on-Hudson, NY
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Schwinger C, Chowdhury R, Sharma S, Bhandari N, Taneja S, Ueland PM, Strand TA. Association of Plasma Total Cysteine and Anthropometric Status in 6-30 Months Old Indian Children. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103146. [PMID: 33076294 PMCID: PMC7602373 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High-quality protein has been associated with child growth; however, the role of the amino acid cysteine remains unclear. The aim was to measure the extent to which plasma total cysteine (tCys) concentration is associated with anthropometric status in children aged 6–30 months living in New Delhi, India. The study was a prospective cohort study including 2102 children. We calculated Z-scores for height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-height (WHZ), or weight-for-age (WAZ) according to the WHO Child Growth Standards. We used multiple regression models to estimate the association between tCys and the anthropometric indices. A high proportion of the children were categorized as malnourished at enrolment; 41% were stunted (HAZ ≤ −2), 19% were wasted (WHZ ≤ −2) and 42% underweight (WAZ ≤ −2). Plasma total cysteine (tCys) was significantly associated with HAZ, WHZ and WAZ after adjusting for relevant confounders (p < 0.001). Low tCys (≤25th percentile) was associated with a decrease of 0.28 Z-scores for HAZ, 0.10 Z-scores for WHZ, and 0.21 Z-scores for WAZ compared to being >25th percentile. In young Indian children from low-to-middle socioeconomic neighborhoods, a low plasma total cysteine concentration was associated with an increased risk of poor anthropometric status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Schwinger
- Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health, Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Catherine Schwinger, Årstadveien 21, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (R.C.); (N.B.); (T.A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-5558-9733
| | - Ranadip Chowdhury
- Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health, Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Catherine Schwinger, Årstadveien 21, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (R.C.); (N.B.); (T.A.S.)
- Society for Applied Studies, New Delhi 110016, India;
| | - Shakun Sharma
- Department of Child Health, Institute of Medicine, Tribuhvan University, Kathmandu 44613, Nepal;
| | - Nita Bhandari
- Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health, Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Catherine Schwinger, Årstadveien 21, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (R.C.); (N.B.); (T.A.S.)
- Society for Applied Studies, New Delhi 110016, India;
| | - Sunita Taneja
- Society for Applied Studies, New Delhi 110016, India;
| | - Per M. Ueland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen,5020 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Tor A. Strand
- Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health, Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Catherine Schwinger, Årstadveien 21, 5009 Bergen, Norway; (R.C.); (N.B.); (T.A.S.)
- Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, 2618 Lillehammer, Norway
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Arora N, Strand TA, Chandyo RK, Elshorbagy A, Shrestha L, Ueland PM, Ulak M, Schwinger C. Association of Maternal Plasma Total Cysteine and Growth among Infants in Nepal: A Cohort Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2849. [PMID: 32957568 PMCID: PMC7551827 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine is a semi-essential amino acid that has been positively associated with growth in children. However, transgenerational effects remain unclear. The aim of this analysis was to assess whether maternal plasma total cysteine (tCys) concentration is associated with various growth indicators in infants living in peri-urban settings in Bhaktapur, Nepal. We used data from the 561 mothers enrolled in an ongoing randomized controlled trial. We built linear regression models to evaluate the associations between maternal tCys and birth weight, length-for-age Z-scores (LAZ) and weight-for-length Z-scores (WLZ) at birth and six months of age. Maternal tCys was inversely associated with birth weight among boys after adjusting for confounders (p < 0.05). In addition, there was a negative association between maternal tCys and LAZ at birth (p < 0.01). No associations between maternal tCys and the other anthropometric indicators were found significant, although there was a tendency for maternal tCys to be associated positively with WLZ at birth among girls (p < 0.10). This is a first study evaluating transgenerational relation of tCys on growth in infants. Further, larger and more comprehensive studies are needed to determine if and how maternal tCys alters child growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Arora
- Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Tor A. Strand
- Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health, Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (T.A.S.); (M.U.)
- Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, 2609 Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Ram K. Chandyo
- Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu Medical College, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal;
| | - Amany Elshorbagy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria 21131, Egypt; or
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX13QT, UK
| | - Laxman Shrestha
- Department of Child Health, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal;
| | - Per M. Ueland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway;
| | - Manjeswori Ulak
- Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health, Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (T.A.S.); (M.U.)
- Department of Child Health, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal;
| | - Catherine Schwinger
- Centre for Intervention Science in Maternal and Child Health, Centre for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (T.A.S.); (M.U.)
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45
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Abstract
Dietary proteins have been used for years to treat obesity. Body weight loss is beneficial when it concerns fat mass, but loss of fat free mass - especially muscle might be detrimental. This occurs because protein breakdown predominates over synthesis, thus administering anabolic dietary compounds like proteins might counter fat free mass loss while allowing for fat mass loss.Indeed, varying the quantity of proteins will decrease muscle anabolic response and increase hyperphagia in rodents fed a low protein diet; but it will favor lean mass maintenance and promote satiety, in certain age groups of humans fed a high protein diet. Beyond protein quantity, protein source is an important metabolic regulator: whey protein and plant based diets exercize favorable effects on the risk of developing obesity, body composition, metabolic parameters or fat free mass preservation of obese patients. Specific amino-acids like branched chain amino acids (BCAA), methionine, tryptophan and its metabolites, and glutamate can also positively influence parameters and complications of obesity especially in rodent models, with less studies translating this in humans.Tuning the quality and quantity of proteins or even specific amino-acids can thus be seen as a potential therapeutic intervention on the body composition, metabolic syndrome parameters and appetite regulation of obese patients. Since these effects vary across age groups and much of the data comes from murine models, long-term prospective studies modulating proteins and amino acids in the human diet are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Simonson
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Nutrition Clinique, CRNH Auvergne, INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yves Boirie
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Nutrition Clinique, CRNH Auvergne, INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Christelle Guillet
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Nutrition Clinique, CRNH Auvergne, INRA, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Nichenametla SN, Mattocks DAL, Malloy VL. Age-at-onset-dependent effects of sulfur amino acid restriction on markers of growth and stress in male F344 rats. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13177. [PMID: 32573078 PMCID: PMC7426777 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Trade-offs in life-history traits are clinically and mechanistically important. Sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR) extends lifespan. But whether this benefit comes at the cost of other traits including stress resistance and growth is unclear. We investigated the effects of SAAR on growth markers (body weight, IGF1, and IGFBP3) and physiological stresses. Male-F344 rats were fed control (0.86% Met) and SAAR (0.17% Met) diets starting at 2, 10, and 20 months. Rats were injected with keyhole-limpet-hemocyanin (KLH) to measure immune responses (anti-KLH-IgM, anti-KLH-IgG, and delayed-type-hypersensitivity [DTH]). Markers of ER stress (FGF21 and adiponectin), detoxification capacity (glutathione [GSH] concentrations, GSH-S-transferase [GST], and cytochrome-P450 -reductase [CPR] activities), and low-grade inflammation (C-reactive protein [CRP]) were also determined. SAAR decreased body weight, liver weight, food intake, plasma IGF1, and IGFBP3; the effect size diminished with increasing age-at-onset. SAAR increased FGF21 and adiponectin, but stress damage markers GRP78 and Xbp1s/us were unchanged, suggesting that ER stress is hormetic. SAAR increased hepatic GST activity despite lower GSH, but CPR activity was unchanged, indicative of enhanced detoxification capacity. Other stress markers were either uncompromised (CRP, anti-KLH-IgM, and DTH) or slightly lower (anti-KLH-IgG). Increases in stress markers were similar across all ages-at-onset, except for adiponectin, which peaked at 2 months. Overall, SAAR did not compromise stress responses and resulted in maximal benefits with young-onset. In survival studies, median lifespan extension with initiation at 52 weeks was 7 weeks (p = .05); less than the 33.5-week extension observed in our previous study with 7-week initiation. Findings support SAAR translational studies and the need to optimize Met dose based on age-at-onset.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dwight A. L. Mattocks
- Animal Science Laboratory Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science NY USA
| | - Virginia L Malloy
- Animal Science Laboratory Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science NY USA
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47
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Elshorbagy AK, Graham I, Refsum H. Body mass index determines the response of plasma sulfur amino acids to methionine loading. Biochimie 2020; 173:107-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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48
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Meyer S, Schäfer L, Röhrig J, Maheshwari G, Most E, Zorn H, Ringseis R, Eder K, Gessner DK. Supplementation of Sulfur-Containing Amino Acids or Essential Amino Acids Does Not Reverse the Hepatic Lipid-Lowering Effect of a Protein-Rich Insect Meal in Obese Zucker Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040987. [PMID: 32252339 PMCID: PMC7230462 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study tested the hypothesis that the liver lipid-lowering effect of insect meal (IM) is caused by its low methionine concentration. A total of fifty, male obese Zucker rats were randomly assigned to five groups of 10 rats each (casein (C), IM, IM + Met, IM + Cys, and IM + EAA). While group C received a diet with casein, the IM-fed groups received a diet with IM as the protein source. In groups IM + Met, IM + Cys and IM + EAA, the diets were additionally supplemented with methionine, cysteine and essential amino acids (EAA), respectively. Hepatic concentrations of triacylglycerols and cholesterol, and hepatic mRNA levels and activities of lipogenic and cholesterogenic enzymes were markedly lower in the IM-fed groups than in group C (p < 0.05). All of these parameters either did not differ across the IM-fed groups or were only slightly higher in groups IM + Met, IM + Cys and IM+EAA than in the group IM. In conclusion, the results indicate that a difference in the amino acid composition between IM and casein, a low concentration of methionine in IM and a reduced cysteine synthesis secondary to a decreased methionine availability resulting from feeding IM are not causative for the lipid-lowering effect of IM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Meyer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.M.); (L.S.); (J.R.); (G.M.); (E.M.); (K.E.); (D.K.G.)
| | - Lea Schäfer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.M.); (L.S.); (J.R.); (G.M.); (E.M.); (K.E.); (D.K.G.)
| | - Julia Röhrig
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.M.); (L.S.); (J.R.); (G.M.); (E.M.); (K.E.); (D.K.G.)
| | - Garima Maheshwari
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.M.); (L.S.); (J.R.); (G.M.); (E.M.); (K.E.); (D.K.G.)
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Erika Most
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.M.); (L.S.); (J.R.); (G.M.); (E.M.); (K.E.); (D.K.G.)
| | - Holger Zorn
- Institute of Food Chemistry and Food Biotechnology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Winchester Str. 2, 35394 Giessen, Germany
| | - Robert Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.M.); (L.S.); (J.R.); (G.M.); (E.M.); (K.E.); (D.K.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +49-641-9939231
| | - Klaus Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.M.); (L.S.); (J.R.); (G.M.); (E.M.); (K.E.); (D.K.G.)
| | - Denise K. Gessner
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.M.); (L.S.); (J.R.); (G.M.); (E.M.); (K.E.); (D.K.G.)
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49
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Olsen T, Øvrebø B, Haj-Yasein N, Lee S, Svendsen K, Hjorth M, Bastani NE, Norheim F, Drevon CA, Refsum H, Vinknes KJ. Effects of dietary methionine and cysteine restriction on plasma biomarkers, serum fibroblast growth factor 21, and adipose tissue gene expression in women with overweight or obesity: a double-blind randomized controlled pilot study. J Transl Med 2020; 18:122. [PMID: 32160926 PMCID: PMC7065370 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary restriction of methionine and cysteine is a well-described model that improves metabolic health in rodents. To investigate the translational potential in humans, we evaluated the effects of dietary methionine and cysteine restriction on cardiometabolic risk factors, plasma and urinary amino acid profile, serum fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), and subcutaneous adipose tissue gene expression in women with overweight and obesity in a double-blind randomized controlled pilot study. Methods Twenty women with overweight or obesity were allocated to a diet low (Met/Cys-low, n = 7), medium (Met/Cys-medium, n = 7) or high (Met/Cys-high, n = 6) in methionine and cysteine for 7 days. The diets differed only by methionine and cysteine content. Blood and urine were collected at day 0, 1, 3 and 7 and subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were taken at day 0 and 7. Results Plasma methionine and cystathionine and urinary total cysteine decreased, whereas FGF21 increased in the Met/Cys-low vs. Met/Cys-high group. The Met/Cys-low group had increased mRNA expression of lipogenic genes in adipose tissue including DGAT1. When we excluded one participant with high fasting insulin at baseline, the Met/Cys-low group showed increased expression of ACAC, DGAT1, and tendencies for increased expression of FASN and SCD1 compared to the Met/Cys-high group. The participants reported satisfactory compliance and that the diets were moderately easy to follow. Conclusions Our data suggest that dietary methionine and cysteine restriction may have beneficial effects on circulating biomarkers, including FGF21, and influence subcutaneous adipose tissue gene expression. These results will aid in the design and implementation of future large-scale dietary interventions with methionine and cysteine restriction. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03629392, registration date: 14/08/2018 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03629392.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Bente Øvrebø
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nadia Haj-Yasein
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sindre Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karianne Svendsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway.,The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, OUS HF Aker Sykehus, Postboks 4959, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit Hjorth
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nasser E Bastani
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode Norheim
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helga Refsum
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kathrine J Vinknes
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Postboks 1046, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway
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50
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Wanders D, Hobson K, Ji X. Methionine Restriction and Cancer Biology. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030684. [PMID: 32138282 PMCID: PMC7146589 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential amino acid, methionine, is important for cancer cell growth and metabolism. A growing body of evidence indicates that methionine restriction inhibits cancer cell growth and may enhance the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents. This review summarizes the efficacy and mechanism of action of methionine restriction on hallmarks of cancer in vitro and in vivo. The review highlights the role of glutathione formation, polyamine synthesis, and methyl group donation as mediators of the effects of methionine restriction on cancer biology. The translational potential of the use of methionine restriction as a personalized nutritional approach for the treatment of patients with cancer is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiangming Ji
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: 404-413-1242; Fax: 404-413-1228
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