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Bispo DSC, Correia M, Carneiro TJ, Martins AS, Reis AAN, de Carvalho ALMB, Marques MPM, Gil AM. Impact of Conventional and Potential New Metal-Based Drugs on Lipid Metabolism in Osteosarcoma MG-63 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17556. [PMID: 38139388 PMCID: PMC10743680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This work investigated the mechanisms of action of conventional drugs, cisplatin and oxaliplatin, and the potentially less deleterious drug Pd2Spermine (Spm) and its Pt(II) analog, against osteosarcoma MG-63 cells, using nuclear-magnetic-resonance metabolomics of the cellular lipidome. The Pt(II) chelates induced different responses, namely regarding polyunsaturated-fatty-acids (increased upon cisplatin), suggesting that cisplatin-treated cells have higher membrane fluidity/permeability, thus facilitating cell entry and justifying higher cytotoxicity. Both conventional drugs significantly increased triglyceride levels, while Pt2Spm maintained control levels; this may reflect enhanced apoptotic behavior for conventional drugs, but not for Pt2Spm. Compared to Pt2Spm, the more cytotoxic Pd2Spm (IC50 comparable to cisplatin) induced a distinct phospholipids profile, possibly reflecting enhanced de novo biosynthesis to modulate membrane fluidity and drug-accessibility to cells, similarly to cisplatin. However, Pd2Spm differed from cisplatin in that cells had equivalent (low) levels of triglycerides as Pt2Spm, suggesting the absence/low extent of apoptosis. Our results suggest that Pd2Spm acts on MG-63 cells mainly through adaptation of cell membrane fluidity, whereas cisplatin seems to couple a similar effect with typical signs of apoptosis. These results were discussed in articulation with reported polar metabolome adaptations, building on the insight of these drugs' mechanisms, and particularly of Pd2Spm as a possible cisplatin substitute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela S. C. Bispo
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.S.C.B.); (M.C.); (T.J.C.); (A.S.M.); (A.A.N.R.)
| | - Marlene Correia
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.S.C.B.); (M.C.); (T.J.C.); (A.S.M.); (A.A.N.R.)
| | - Tatiana J. Carneiro
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.S.C.B.); (M.C.); (T.J.C.); (A.S.M.); (A.A.N.R.)
- Unidade de I&D Química-Física Molecular, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 300-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.L.M.B.d.C.); (M.P.M.M.)
| | - Ana S. Martins
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.S.C.B.); (M.C.); (T.J.C.); (A.S.M.); (A.A.N.R.)
- Unidade de I&D Química-Física Molecular, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 300-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.L.M.B.d.C.); (M.P.M.M.)
| | - Aliana A. N. Reis
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.S.C.B.); (M.C.); (T.J.C.); (A.S.M.); (A.A.N.R.)
| | - Ana L. M. Batista de Carvalho
- Unidade de I&D Química-Física Molecular, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 300-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.L.M.B.d.C.); (M.P.M.M.)
| | - Maria P. M. Marques
- Unidade de I&D Química-Física Molecular, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 300-535 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.L.M.B.d.C.); (M.P.M.M.)
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana M. Gil
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (D.S.C.B.); (M.C.); (T.J.C.); (A.S.M.); (A.A.N.R.)
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Rodrigues JA, Bispo DSC, Silva MG, Araújo R, Soares AMVM, Freitas R, Gil AM. Impact of Sea Warming and 17-α-Ethinylestradiol Exposure on the Lipid Metabolism of Ruditapes philippinarum Clams. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119485. [PMID: 37298436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reports on an NMR metabolomics study of lipophilic extracts of Ruditapes philippinarum clams exposed to the hormonal contaminant 17-α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), at 17 °C and 21 °C. The results reveal that exposure at 17 °C triggers a weak response at low EE2 concentrations, suggestive of a slight increase in membrane rigidity, followed by lipid metabolic stability at higher EE2 concentrations. On the other hand, at 21 °C, lipid metabolism begins to respond at 125 ng/L EE2, with antioxidant docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) helping to tackle high-oxidative-stress conditions, in tandem with enhanced storage of triglycerides. Exposure to 625 ng/L EE2 (highest concentration) enhances phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels, their direct intercorrelation suggesting PUFA incorporation in new membrane phospholipids. This should lead to increased membrane fluidity, probably aided by a decrease in cholesterol. PUFA levels, considered a measure of membrane fluidity, were strongly (and positively) correlated to intracellular glycine levels, thus identifying glycine as the main osmolyte entering the cells under high stress. Membrane fluidity also seems to elicit the loss of taurine. This work contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms of response of R. philippinarum clams to EE2 in tandem with warming while unveiling novel potential markers of stress mitigation, namely high levels of PtdCho, PUFAs (or PtdCho/glycerophosphocholine and PtdCho/acetylcholine ratios) and linoleic acid and low PUFA/glycine ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- João A Rodrigues
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Daniela S C Bispo
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mónica G Silva
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rita Araújo
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana M Gil
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Endo- and Exometabolome Crosstalk in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Undergoing Osteogenic Differentiation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081257. [PMID: 35455937 PMCID: PMC9024772 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper describes, for the first time to our knowledge, a lipidome and exometabolome characterization of osteogenic differentiation for human adipose tissue stem cells (hAMSCs) using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The holistic nature of NMR enabled the time-course evolution of cholesterol, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids (including ω-6 and ω-3 fatty acids), several phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelins, and plasmalogens), and mono- and triglycerides to be followed. Lipid changes occurred almost exclusively between days 1 and 7, followed by a tendency for lipidome stabilization after day 7. On average, phospholipids and longer and more unsaturated fatty acids increased up to day 7, probably related to plasma membrane fluidity. Articulation of lipidome changes with previously reported polar endometabolome profiling and with exometabolome changes reported here in the same cells, enabled important correlations to be established during hAMSC osteogenic differentiation. Our results supported hypotheses related to the dynamics of membrane remodelling, anti-oxidative mechanisms, protein synthesis, and energy metabolism. Importantly, the observation of specific up-taken or excreted metabolites paves the way for the identification of potential osteoinductive metabolites useful for optimized osteogenic protocols.
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Fat unsaturation measures in tibial, subcutaneous and breast adipose tissue using short and long TE MRS at 3 T. Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 86:61-69. [PMID: 34808305 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fat unsaturation and poly-unsaturation measures can be obtained in vivo with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) through the olefinic (≈5.4 ppm) and diallylic (≈2.8 ppm) resonances, respectively. Long echo time (TE) MRS sequences have been previously optimized for olefinic/methylene (≈1.3 ppm) or olefinic/methyl (≈0.9 ppm) measures. The objectives of this work, using a Point RESolved Spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence, are to: 1) Investigate olefinic, methyl and methylene resonance decay in subcutaneous, tibial, and breast adipose tissue to determine if a direct comparison of unsaturation measures can be made without correction for T2 losses. 2) Assess intra-individual fat unsaturation and poly-unsaturation measures in the three adipose tissues. 3) Estimate correction factors for olefinic to methylene ratios to compensate for J-coupling and T2 relaxation losses that take place when increasing PRESS TE from 40 ms to 200 ms (previously optimized long-TE). 4) Investigate the utility of an inversion recovery for resolving the olefinic resonance from water in adipose tissue. PRESS spectra were acquired from the three adipose regions (breast in female only) in healthy volunteers at 3 T. It was found that olefinic and methyl signal decays faster in breast tissue compared to in tibial bone marrow. Poly-unsaturation measures (diallylic/methylene) differ for tibial bone marrow compared to subcutaneous and breast adipose tissue, with average values of 1.7 ± 0.4, 2.2 ± 0.4, and 2.3 ± 0.8%, respectively. PRESS (TE = 40 ms) with an inversion recovery resolves the olefinic and water resonances in breast tissue with a signal to noise ratio approximately six times greater than that using PRESS with a TE of 200 ms. Stimulated Echo Acquisition Mode (STEAM) with a TE of 20 ms (mixing time of 20 ms) was also combined with IR to resolve the olefinic resonance from that of water is spinal bone marrow.
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Fallone CJ, Tessier AG, Field CJ, Yahya A. Resolving the omega-3 methyl resonance with long echo time magnetic resonance spectroscopy in mouse adipose tissue at 9.4 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4455. [PMID: 33269481 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tissue omega-3 (ω-3) content is biologically important to disease; however, its quantification with magnetic resonance spectroscopy in vivo is challenging due to its low concentration. In addition, the ω-3 methyl resonance (≈ 0.98 ppm) overlaps that of the non-ω-3 (≈ 0.90 ppm), even at 9.4 T. We demonstrate that a Point-RESolved Spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence with an echo time (TE) of 109 ms resolves the ω-3 and non-ω-3 methyl peaks at 9.4 T. Sequence efficacy was verified on five oils with differing ω-3 fat content; the ω-3 content obtained correlated with that measured using 16.5 T NMR (R2 = 0.97). The PRESS sequence was also applied to measure ω-3 content in visceral adipose tissue of three different groups (all n = 3) of mice, each of which were fed a different 20% w/w fat diet. The fat portion of the diet consisted of low (1.4%), medium (9.0%) or high (16.4%) ω-3 fat. The sequence was also applied to a control mouse fed a standard chow diet (5.6% w/w fat, which was 5.9% ω-3). Gas chromatography (GC) analysis of excised tissue was performed for each mouse. The ω-3 fat content obtained with the PRESS sequence correlated with the GC measures (R2 = 0.96). Apparent T2 times of methyl protons were assessed by obtaining spectra from the oils and another group of four mice (fed the high ω-3 diet) with TE values of 109 and 399 ms. Peak areas were fit to a mono-exponentially decaying function and the apparent T2 values of the ω-3 and non-ω-3 methyl protons were 906 ± 148 and 398 ± 78 ms, respectively, in the oils. In mice, the values were 410 ± 68 and 283 ± 57 ms for ω-3 and non-ω-3 fats, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara J Fallone
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anthony G Tessier
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medical Physics, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Atiyah Yahya
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medical Physics, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Bispo D, Fabris V, Lamb CA, Lanari C, Helguero LA, Gil AM. Hormone-Independent Mouse Mammary Adenocarcinomas with Different Metastatic Potential Exhibit Different Metabolic Signatures. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1242. [PMID: 32867141 PMCID: PMC7563858 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic characteristics of metastatic and non-metastatic breast carcinomas remain poorly studied. In this work, untargeted Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) metabolomics was used to compare two medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA)-induced mammary carcinomas lines with different metastatic abilities. Different metabolic signatures distinguished the non-metastatic (59-2-HI) and the metastatic (C7-2-HI) lines, with glucose, amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism and lipid metabolism as the major affected pathways. Non-metastatic tumours appeared to be characterised by: (a) reduced glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) activities, possibly resulting in slower NADH biosynthesis and reduced mitochondrial transport chain activity and ATP synthesis; (b) glutamate accumulation possibly related to reduced glutathione activity and reduced mTORC1 activity; and (c) a clear shift to lower phosphoscholine/glycerophosphocholine ratios and sphingomyelin levels. Within each tumour line, metabolic profiles also differed significantly between tumours (i.e., mice). Metastatic tumours exhibited marked inter-tumour changes in polar compounds, some suggesting different glycolytic capacities. Such tumours also showed larger intra-tumour variations in metabolites involved in nucleotide and cholesterol/fatty acid metabolism, in tandem with less changes in TCA and phospholipid metabolism, compared to non-metastatic tumours. This study shows the valuable contribution of untargeted NMR metabolomics to characterise tumour metabolism, thus opening enticing opportunities to find metabolic markers related to metastatic ability in endocrine breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bispo
- Department of Chemistry and CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Victoria Fabris
- IByME—Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina; (V.F.); (C.A.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Caroline A. Lamb
- IByME—Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina; (V.F.); (C.A.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Claudia Lanari
- IByME—Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina; (V.F.); (C.A.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Luisa A. Helguero
- iBIMED—Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Universidade de Aveiro, Agra do Crasto, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Ana M. Gil
- Department of Chemistry and CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
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Lee-McMullen B, Chrzanowski SM, Vohra R, Forbes S, Vandenborne K, Edison AS, Walter GA. Age-dependent changes in metabolite profile and lipid saturation in dystrophic mice. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4075. [PMID: 30848538 PMCID: PMC6777843 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal X-linked genetic disorder. In DMD, the absence of the dystrophin protein causes decreased sarcolemmal integrity resulting in progressive replacement of muscle with fibrofatty tissue. The effects of lacking dystrophin on muscle and systemic metabolism are still unclear. Therefore, to determine the impact of the absence of dystrophin on metabolism, we investigated the metabolic and lipid profile at two different, well-defined stages of muscle damage and stabilization in mdx mice. We measured NMR-detectable metabolite and lipid profiles in the serum and muscles of mdx mice at 6 and 24 weeks of age. Metabolites were determined in muscle in vivo using 1 H MRI/MRS, in isolated muscles using 1 H-HR-MAS NMR, and in serum using high resolution 1 H/13 C NMR. Dystrophic mice were found to have a unique lipid saturation profile compared with control mice, revealing an age-related metabolic change. In the 6-week-old mdx mice, serum lipids were increased and the degree of lipid saturation changed between 6 and 24 weeks. The serum taurine-creatine ratio increased over the life span of mdx, but not in control mice. Furthermore, the saturation index of lipids increased in the serum but decreased in the tissue over time. Finally, we demonstrated associations between MRI-T2 , a strong indicator of inflammation/edema, with tissue and serum lipid profiles. These results indicate the complex temporal changes of metabolites in the tissue and serum during repetitive bouts of muscle damage and regeneration that occur in dystrophic muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Lee-McMullen
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southeast Center for Integrated Metabolomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Ravneet Vohra
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sean Forbes
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Krista Vandenborne
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Arthur S. Edison
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southeast Center for Integrated Metabolomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Current address: Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Glenn A. Walter
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Southeast Center for Integrated Metabolomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Fallone CJ, Yahya A. Effect of triglyceride glycerol CH signal on olefinic resonance quantification with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3 T. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ab05ab] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Plaza A, Merino B, Cano V, Domínguez G, Pérez-Castells J, Fernández-Alfonso MS, Sengenès C, Chowen JA, Ruiz-Gayo M. Cholecystokinin is involved in triglyceride fatty acid uptake by rat adipose tissue. J Endocrinol 2018; 236:137-150. [PMID: 29339381 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of plasma triglyceride (TG) fatty acids to white adipose tissue (WAT) depends on lipoprotein lipase (LPL), which is regulated by angiopoietin-like protein-4 (ANGPTL-4), an unfolding molecular chaperone that converts active LPL dimers into inactive monomers. The production of ANGPTL-4 is promoted by fasting and repressed by feeding. We hypothesized that the postprandial hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) facilitates the storage of dietary TG fatty acids in WAT by regulating the activity of the LPL/ANGPTL-4 axis and that it does so by acting directly on CCK receptors in adipocytes. We report that administration of CCK-8 (a bioactive fragment of CCK) to rats: (i) reduces plasma ANGTPL-4 levels; (ii) represses Angptl-4 expression in WAT and (iii) simultaneously enhances LPL activity in this tissue without inducing Lpl expression. In vivo CCK-8 effects are specifically antagonized by the CCK-2 receptor (CCK-2R) antagonist, L-365,260. Moreover, CCK-8 downregulates Angptl-4 expression in wild-type pre-adipocytes, an effect that is not observed in engineered pre-adipocytes lacking CCK-2R. These effects have functional consequences as CCK-8 was found to promote the uptake of dietary fatty acids by WAT, as demonstrated by means of proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). The efficacy of acute CCK-8 administration was not reduced after chronic CCK-8 treatment. Moreover, the effects of CCK-8 on WAT were not associated to the increase of circulating insulin. Our results show that cholecystokinin promotes lipid storage in WAT by acting on adipocyte CCK-2R, suggesting a pivotal role for CCK in TG homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Plaza
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la SaludFacultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Merino
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la SaludFacultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Cano
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la SaludFacultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Domínguez
- Departamento de Química y BioquímicaFacultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Pérez-Castells
- Departamento de Química y BioquímicaFacultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Coralie Sengenès
- STROMALabUniversité de Toulouse, CNRS ERL5311, EFS, INP-ENVT, Inserm U1031, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Julie A Chowen
- Departamento de EndocrinologíaHospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, CIBEROBN Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Ruiz-Gayo
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la SaludFacultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain
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Fallone CJ, McKay RT, Yahya A. Long TE STEAM and PRESS for estimating fat olefinic/methyl ratios and relative ω-3 fat content at 3T. J Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 48:169-177. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Clara J. Fallone
- Department of Oncology; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Ryan T. McKay
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Atiyah Yahya
- Department of Oncology; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta Canada
- Department of Medical Physics; Cross Cancer Institute; Edmonton Alberta Canada
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Li X, Shet K, Xu K, Rodríguez JP, Pino AM, Kurhanewicz J, Schwartz A, Rosen CJ. Unsaturation level decreased in bone marrow fat of postmenopausal women with low bone density using high resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) 1H NMR spectroscopy. Bone 2017; 105:87-92. [PMID: 28823880 PMCID: PMC5650928 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
There are increasing evidences suggesting bone marrow adiposity tissue (MAT) plays a critical role in affecting both bone quantity and quality. However, very limited studies that have investigated the association between the composition of MAT and bone mineral density (BMD). The goal of this study was to quantify MAT unsaturation profile of marrow samples from post-menopausal women using ex vivo high-resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, and to investigate the relationship between MAT composition and BMD. Bone marrow samples were obtained by iliac crest aspiration during surgical procedures from 24 postmenopausal women (65-89years) who had hip surgery due to bone fracture or arthroplasty. Marrow fat composition parameters, in particular, unsaturation level (UL), mono-unsaturation level (MUL) and saturation level (SL), were quantified using HRMAS 1H NMR spectroscopy. The patients were classified into three groups based on the DXA BMD T-scores: controls, osteopenia and osteoporosis. Marrow fat composition was compared between these three groups as well as between subjects with and without factures using ANOCOVA, adjusted for age. Subjects with lower BMD (n=17) had significantly lower MUL (P=0.003) and UL (P=0.039), and significantly higher SL (P=0.039) compared to controls (n=7). When separating lower BMD into osteopenia (n=9) and osteoporosis (n=8) groups, subjects with osteopenia had significantly lower MUL (P=0.002) and UL (P=0.010), and significantly higher SL (P=0.010) compared to healthy controls. No significant difference was observed between subjects with osteopenia and osteoporosis. Using HRMAS 1H NMR, significantly lower unsaturation and significantly higher saturation levels were observed in the marrow fat of subjects with lower BMD. HRMAS 1H NMR was shown to be a powerful tool for identifying novel MR markers of marrow fat composition that are associated with bone quality and potentially fracture, and other bone pathologies and changes after treatment. A better understanding of the relationship between bone marrow composition and bone quality in humans may identify novel treatment targets, and provide guidance on novel interventions and therapeutic strategies for bone preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Li
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Keerthi Shet
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Kaipin Xu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Juan Pablo Rodríguez
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Ana María Pino
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Ann Schwartz
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
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Verma SK, Nagashima K, Yaligar J, Michael N, Lee SS, Xianfeng T, Gopalan V, Sadananthan SA, Anantharaj R, Velan SS. Differentiating brown and white adipose tissues by high-resolution diffusion NMR spectroscopy. J Lipid Res 2016; 58:289-298. [PMID: 27845688 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d072298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
There are two types of fat tissues, white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT), which essentially perform opposite functions in whole body energy metabolism. There is a large interest in identifying novel biophysical properties of WAT and BAT by a quantitative and easy-to-run technique. In this work, we used high-resolution pulsed field gradient diffusion NMR spectroscopy to study the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of fat molecules in rat BAT and WAT samples. The ADC of fat in BAT and WAT from rats fed with a chow diet was compared with that of rats fed with a high-fat diet to monitor how the diffusion properties change due to obesity-associated parameters such as lipid droplet size, fatty acid chain length, and saturation. Feeding a high-fat diet resulted in increased saturation, increased chain lengths, and reduced ADC of fat in WAT. The ADC of fat was lower in BAT relative to WAT in rats fed both chow and high-fat diets. Diffusion of fat was restricted in BAT due to the presence of small multilocular lipid droplets. Our findings indicate that in vivo diffusion might be a potential way for better delineation of BAT and WAT in both lean and obese states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar Verma
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Kaz Nagashima
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Jadegoud Yaligar
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Swee Shean Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Tian Xianfeng
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Venkatesh Gopalan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Suresh Anand Sadananthan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Rengaraj Anantharaj
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore .,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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13
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Marzola P, Boschi F, Moneta F, Sbarbati A, Zancanaro C. Preclinical In vivo Imaging for Fat Tissue Identification, Quantification, and Functional Characterization. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:336. [PMID: 27725802 PMCID: PMC5035738 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Localization, differentiation, and quantitative assessment of fat tissues have always collected the interest of researchers. Nowadays, these topics are even more relevant as obesity (the excess of fat tissue) is considered a real pathology requiring in some cases pharmacological and surgical approaches. Several weight loss medications, acting either on the metabolism or on the central nervous system, are currently under preclinical or clinical investigation. Animal models of obesity have been developed and are widely used in pharmaceutical research. The assessment of candidate drugs in animal models requires non-invasive methods for longitudinal assessment of efficacy, the main outcome being the amount of body fat. Fat tissues can be either quantified in the entire animal or localized and measured in selected organs/regions of the body. Fat tissues are characterized by peculiar contrast in several imaging modalities as for example Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) that can distinguish between fat and water protons thank to their different magnetic resonance properties. Since fat tissues have higher carbon/hydrogen content than other soft tissues and bones, they can be easily assessed by Computed Tomography (CT) as well. Interestingly, MRI also discriminates between white and brown adipose tissue (BAT); the latter has long been regarded as a potential target for anti-obesity drugs because of its ability to enhance energy consumption through increased thermogenesis. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) performed with 18F-FDG as glucose analog radiotracer reflects well the metabolic rate in body tissues and consequently is the technique of choice for studies of BAT metabolism. This review will focus on the main, non-invasive imaging techniques (MRI, CT, and PET) that are fundamental for the assessment, quantification and functional characterization of fat deposits in small laboratory animals. The contribution of optical techniques, which are currently regarded with increasing interest, will be also briefly described. For each technique the physical principles of signal detection will be overviewed and some relevant studies will be summarized. Far from being exhaustive, this review has the purpose to highlight some strategies that can be adopted for the in vivo identification, quantification, and functional characterization of adipose tissues mainly from the point of view of biophysics and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquina Marzola
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, VeronaItaly
| | - Federico Boschi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, VeronaItaly
| | - Francesco Moneta
- Preclinical Imaging Division – Bruker BioSpin, Bruker Italia s.r.l, MilanoItaly
| | - Andrea Sbarbati
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, VeronaItaly
| | - Carlo Zancanaro
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, VeronaItaly
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14
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Mosconi E, Sima DM, Osorio Garcia MI, Fontanella M, Fiorini S, Van Huffel S, Marzola P. Different quantification algorithms may lead to different results: a comparison using proton MRS lipid signals. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2014; 27:431-43. [PMID: 24493129 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a sensitive method for investigating the biochemical compounds in a tissue. The interpretation of the data relies on the quantification algorithms applied to MR spectra. Each of these algorithms has certain underlying assumptions and may allow one to incorporate prior knowledge, which could influence the quality of the fit. The most commonly considered types of prior knowledge include the line-shape model (Lorentzian, Gaussian, Voigt), knowledge of the resonating frequencies, modeling of the baseline, constraints on the damping factors and phase, etc. In this article, we study whether the statistical outcome of a biological investigation can be influenced by the quantification method used. We chose to study lipid signals because of their emerging role in the investigation of metabolic disorders. Lipid spectra, in particular, are characterized by peaks that are in most cases not Lorentzian, because measurements are often performed in difficult body locations, e.g. in visceral fats close to peristaltic movements in humans or very small areas close to different tissues in animals. This leads to spectra with several peak distortions. Linear combination of Model spectra (LCModel), Advanced Method for Accurate Robust and Efficient Spectral fitting (AMARES), quantitation based on QUantum ESTimation (QUEST), Automated Quantification of Short Echo-time MRS (AQSES)-Lineshape and Integration were applied to simulated spectra, and area under the curve (AUC) values, which are proportional to the quantity of the resonating molecules in the tissue, were compared with true values. A comparison between techniques was also carried out on lipid signals from obese and lean Zucker rats, for which the polyunsaturation value expressed in white adipose tissue should be statistically different, as confirmed by high-resolution NMR measurements (considered the gold standard) on the same animals. LCModel, AQSES-Lineshape, QUEST and Integration gave the best results in at least one of the considered groups of simulated or in vivo lipid signals. These outcomes highlight the fact that quantification methods can influence the final result and its statistical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mosconi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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15
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Ye Q, Danzer CF, Fuchs A, Vats D, Wolfrum C, Rudin M. Longitudinal evaluation of hepatic lipid deposition and composition in ob/ob and ob/+ control mice. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 26:1079-1088. [PMID: 23355481 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with insulin resistance (IR) and hepatosteatosis. Understanding the link between IR and hepatosteatosis could be relevant to chronic clinical outcomes. The objective of this study was to quantitatively assess lipid deposition (fractional lipid mass, fLM) and composition (fraction of polyunsaturated lipids, fPUL and mean chain length, MCL) in livers of ob/ob mice, a genetic model of obesity and mild diabetes, and ob/+ heterozygous control animals in a noninvasive manner using (1) H-MRS at 9.4T. For accurate quantification, intensity values were corrected for differences in T2 values while T1 effects were considered minimal due to the long TR values used. Values of fLM, fPUL and MCL were derived from T2 -corrected signal intensities of lipids and water resonance. Hepatic lipid signals were compared with fasted plasma insulin, glucose and lipid levels. Statistically significant correlations between fPUL and fasting plasma insulin/glucose levels were found in adolescent ob/ob mice. A similar correlation was found between fLM and fasting plasma insulin levels; however, the correlation between fLM and fasting plasma glucose levels was less obvious in adolescent ob/ob mice. These correlations were lost in adult ob/ob mice. The study showed that in adolescent ob/ob mice, there was an obvious link between lipid deposition/composition in the liver and plasma insulin/glucose levels. This correlation was lost in adult animals, probably due to the limited lipid storage capacity of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Ye
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich and University of Zürich, Switzerland
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16
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Holstila M, Virtanen KA, Grönroos TJ, Laine J, Lepomäki V, Saunavaara J, Lisinen I, Komu M, Hannukainen JC, Nuutila P, Parkkola R, Borra RJH. Measurement of brown adipose tissue mass using a novel dual-echo magnetic resonance imaging approach: a validation study. Metabolism 2013; 62:1189-98. [PMID: 23587549 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate and validate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the visualization and quantification of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in vivo in a rat model. We hypothesized that, based on differences in tissue water and lipid content, MRI could reliably differentiate between BAT and white adipose tissue (WAT) and could therefore be a possible alternative for (18)F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography ((18)FDG-PET), the current gold standard for non-invasive BAT quantification. MATERIALS/METHODS Eleven rats were studied using both (18)FDG-PET/CT and MRI (1.5 T). A dual echo (in-and-out-of-phase) sequence was used, both with and without spectral presaturation inversion recovery (SPIR) fat suppression (DUAL-SPIR) to visualize BAT, after which all BAT was surgically excised. The BAT volume measurements obtained via (18)FDG-PET/CT and DUAL-SPIR MR were quantitatively compared with the histological findings. All study protocols were reviewed and approved by the local ethics committee. RESULTS The BAT mass measurements that were obtained using DUAL-SPIR MR subtraction images correlated better with the histological findings (P=0.017, R=0.89) than did the measurements obtained using (18)FDG-PET/CT (P=0.78, R=0.15), regardless of the BAT metabolic activation state. Additionally, the basic feasibility of the DUAL-SPIR method was demonstrated in three human pilot subjects. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the potential for MRI to reliably detect and quantify BAT in vivo. MRI can provide information beyond that provided by (18)FDG-PET imaging, and its ability to detect BAT is independent of its metabolic activation state. Additionally, MRI is a low-cost alternative that does not require radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milja Holstila
- Medical Imaging Centre of Southwest Finland, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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17
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Ramamonjisoa N, Ratiney H, Mutel E, Guillou H, Mithieux G, Pilleul F, Rajas F, Beuf O, Cavassila S. In vivo hepatic lipid quantification using MRS at 7 Tesla in a mouse model of glycogen storage disease type 1a. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:2010-22. [PMID: 23596325 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d033399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The assessment of liver lipid content and composition is needed in preclinical research to investigate steatosis and steatosis-related disorders. The purpose of this study was to quantify in vivo hepatic fatty acid content and composition using a method based on short echo time proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at 7 Tesla. A mouse model of glycogen storage disease type 1a with inducible liver-specific deletion of the glucose-6-phosphatase gene (L-G6pc(-/-)) mice and control mice were fed a standard diet or a high-fat/high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet for 9 months. In control mice, hepatic lipid content was found significantly higher with the HF/HS diet than with the standard diet. As expected, hepatic lipid content was already elevated in L-G6pc(-/-) mice fed a standard diet compared with control mice. L-G6pc(-/-) mice rapidly developed steatosis which was not modified by the HF/HS diet. On the standard diet, estimated amplitudes from olefinic protons were found significantly higher in L-G6pc(-/-) mice compared with that in control mice. L-G6pc(-/-) mice showed no noticeable polyunsaturation from diallylic protons. Total unsaturated fatty acid indexes measured by gas chromatography were in agreement with MRS measurements. These results showed the great potential of high magnetic field MRS to follow the diet impact and lipid alterations in mouse liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirilanto Ramamonjisoa
- Université de Lyon, CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220, Inserm U1044, INSA-Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
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18
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Troitskaia A, Fallone BG, Yahya A. Long echo time proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy for estimating relative measures of lipid unsaturation at 3 T. J Magn Reson Imaging 2012; 37:944-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.23868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Barretti DLM, Magalhães FDC, Fernandes T, do Carmo EC, Rosa KT, Irigoyen MC, Negrão CE, Oliveira EM. Effects of aerobic exercise training on cardiac renin-angiotensin system in an obese Zucker rat strain. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46114. [PMID: 23077501 PMCID: PMC3470582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Obesity and renin angiotensin system (RAS) hyperactivity are profoundly involved in cardiovascular diseases, however aerobic exercise training (EXT) can prevent obesity and cardiac RAS activation. The study hypothesis was to investigate whether obesity and its association with EXT alter the systemic and cardiac RAS components in an obese Zucker rat strain. Methods The rats were divided into the following groups: Lean Zucker rats (LZR); lean Zucker rats plus EXT (LZR+EXT); obese Zucker rats (OZR) and obese Zucker rats plus EXT (OZR+EXT). EXT consisted of 10 weeks of 60-min swimming sessions, 5 days/week. At the end of the training protocol heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), cardiac hypertrophy (CH) and function, local and systemic components of RAS were evaluated. Also, systemic glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and its LDL and HDL fractions were measured. Results The resting HR decreased (∼12%) for both LZR+EXT and OZR+EXT. However, only the LZR+EXT reached significance (p<0.05), while a tendency was found for OZR versus OZR+EXT (p = 0.07). In addition, exercise reduced (57%) triglycerides and (61%) LDL in the OZR+EXT. The systemic angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) activity did not differ regardless of obesity and EXT, however, the OZR and OZR+EXT showed (66%) and (42%), respectively, less angiotensin II (Ang II) plasma concentration when compared with LZR. Furthermore, the results showed that EXT in the OZR prevented increase in CH, cardiac ACE activity, Ang II and AT2 receptor caused by obesity. In addition, exercise augmented cardiac ACE2 in both training groups. Conclusion Despite the unchanged ACE and lower systemic Ang II levels in obesity, the cardiac RAS was increased in OZR and EXT in obese Zucker rats reduced some of the cardiac RAS components and prevented obesity-related CH. These results show that EXT prevented the heart RAS hyperactivity and cardiac maladaptive morphological alterations in obese Zucker rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Lopes Mendes Barretti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Experimental Physiopathology, University of São Paulo, Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávio de Castro Magalhães
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago Fernandes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Everton Crivoi do Carmo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kaleizu Teodoro Rosa
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Eduardo Negrão
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edilamar Menezes Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Experimental Physiopathology, University of São Paulo, Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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20
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Current world literature. Lipid metabolism. Curr Opin Lipidol 2012; 23:248-254. [PMID: 22576583 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e3283543033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Hepatic lipid composition differs between ob/ob and ob/+ control mice as determined by using in vivo localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2012; 25:381-9. [PMID: 22441585 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-012-0310-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Hepatic lipid accumulation is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and the metabolic syndrome constitutes an increasing medical problem. In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS) allows the assessment of hepatic lipid levels noninvasively and also yields information on the fat composition due to its high spectral resolution. MATERIALS AND METHODS We applied (1)H MRS at 9.4T to study lipid content and composition in eight leptin-deficient ob/ob mice as a model of obesity and in four lean ob/+ control mice at 24 weeks of age. PRESS sequence was used. For accurate estimation of signal intensity, differences in relaxation behavior of individual signals were accounted for each mouse individually. Also, in order to minimize spectral degrading due to motion artifacts, respiration gating was applied. RESULTS Significant differences between ob/ob and ob/+ control mice were found in both lipid content and composition. The mean chain length was found to be significantly longer in ob/ob mice with a higher fraction of monounsaturated lipids. CONCLUSION (1)H MRS enables accurate assessment in hepatic lipids in mice, which is attractive for mechanistic studies of altered metabolism given the large number of genetically engineered mouse models available.
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22
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Yahya A, Tessier AG, Fallone BG. Effect of J-coupling on lipid composition determination with localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 9.4 T. J Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 34:1388-96. [PMID: 21953706 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.22792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate, at 9.4 T, that J-coupling interactions exhibited by lipid protons affects lipid composition determination with a point resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experiments were conducted on four oils (almond, corn, sesame, and sunflower), on visceral adipose tissue of a euthanized mouse, and on pure linoleic acid at 9.4 T. The 2.1, 2.3, and 2.8 ppm resonances were measured at multiple echo times (TEs) by a standard PRESS sequence and by a PRESS sequence consisting of narrow-bandwidth refocusing pulses designed to rewind the J-coupling evolution of the target peak protons in the voxel of interest. T(2) corrections were performed on both groups of data for the three peaks and lipid compositions for the oils and for the mouse tissue were determined. Lipid compositions were also calculated from a short-TE standard PRESS spectrum. RESULTS A chemical analysis of the samples was not performed; however, the oil compositions calculated from resonance peaks acquired with the PRESS sequence designed to minimize J-coupling effects, following T(2) relaxation correction, closely agreed with values in the literature, which was not the case for all of the compositions determined from the regular PRESS spectra. CONCLUSION The presented work brings to attention the significance of J-coupling effects when calculating lipid compositions from localized proton spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiyah Yahya
- Department of Medical Physics, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Panettiere P, Accorsi D, Marchetti L, Minicozzi AM, Orsini G, Bernardi P, Benati D, Conti G, Sbarbati A. The trochanteric fat pad. Eur J Histochem 2011; 55:e16. [PMID: 22193296 PMCID: PMC3284152 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2011.e16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Technological developments based on the use of autologous white adipose tissue (WAT) attracted attention to minor fat depots as possible sources of adipose tissue. In plastic surgery, the trochanteric fatty pad is one of the most used WAT depots for its location and organoleptic characteristics that make it particularly suitable for reconstructive procedures. Despite its wide use in clinic, the structure of this depot has never been studied in detail and it is not known if structural differences exist among trochanteric fat and other subcutaneous WAT depots. The present study was performed on trochanteric fat pad with the aim to clarify the morphology of its adipocytes, stroma and microcirculation, with particular reference to the stem niches. Histological and ultrastructural studies showed that the main peculiar feature of the trochanteric fat concerns its stromal component, which appears less dense than in the other subcutaneous WATs studied. The intra-parenchymal collagen stroma is poor and the extracellular compartment shows large spaces, filled with electron-light material, in which isolated collagen bundles are present. The adipocytes are wrapped in weak and easily detachable collagen baskets. These connective sheaths are very thin compared to the sheaths in other subcutaneous WAT depots. The capillaries are covered by large, long and thin elements surrounded by an external lamina; these perivascular cells are poor in organelles and mainly contain poly-ribosomes. In conclusion, when compared to other WAT deposits, the trochanteric fatty pad shows structural peculiarities in its stroma and microcirculation suggesting a high regenerative potential. Resistance, dissociability, microvascular weft and high regenerative potential make the trochanteric fatty pad a privileged source for harvesting in autologous WAT-based regenerative procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Panettiere
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche Specialistiche ed Anestesiologiche, University of Bologna, Italy
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