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He Y, Pavanello C, Hutchins PM, Tang C, Pourmousa M, Vaisar T, Song HD, Pastor RW, Remaley AT, Goldberg IJ, Costacou T, Sean Davidson W, Bornfeldt KE, Calabresi L, Segrest JP, Heinecke JW. Flipped C-Terminal Ends of APOA1 Promote ABCA1-Dependent Cholesterol Efflux by Small HDLs. Circulation 2024; 149:774-787. [PMID: 38018436 PMCID: PMC10913861 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.065959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) predicts cardiovascular disease independently of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. Isolated small HDL particles are potent promoters of macrophage CEC by the ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1) pathway, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. METHODS We used model system studies of reconstituted HDL and plasma from control and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT)-deficient subjects to investigate the relationships among the sizes of HDL particles, the structure of APOA1 (apolipoprotein A1) in the different particles, and the CECs of plasma and isolated HDLs. RESULTS We quantified macrophage and ABCA1 CEC of 4 distinct sizes of reconstituted HDL. CEC increased as particle size decreased. Tandem mass spectrometric analysis of chemically cross-linked peptides and molecular dynamics simulations of APOA1, the major protein of HDL, indicated that the mobility of C-terminus of that protein was markedly higher and flipped off the surface in the smallest particles. To explore the physiological relevance of the model system studies, we isolated HDL from LCAT-deficient subjects, whose small HDLs (like reconstituted HDLs) are discoidal and composed of APOA1, cholesterol, and phospholipid. Despite their very low plasma levels of HDL particles, these subjects had normal CEC. In both the LCAT-deficient subjects and control subjects, the CEC of isolated extra-small HDL (a mixture of extra-small and small HDL by calibrated ion mobility analysis) was 3- to 5-fold greater than that of the larger sizes of isolated HDL. Incubating LCAT-deficient plasma and control plasma with human LCAT converted extra-small and small HDL particles into larger particles, and it markedly inhibited CEC. CONCLUSIONS We present a mechanism for the enhanced CEC of small HDLs. In smaller particles, the C-termini of the 2 antiparallel molecules of APOA1 are "flipped" off the lipid surface of HDL. This extended conformation allows them to engage with ABCA1. In contrast, the C-termini of larger HDLs are unable to interact productively with ABCA1 because they form a helical bundle that strongly adheres to the lipid on the particle. Enhanced CEC, as seen with the smaller particles, predicts decreased cardiovascular disease risk. Thus, extra-small and small HDLs may be key mediators and indicators of the cardioprotective effects of HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Y.H., P.M.H., C.T., T.V., K.E.B., J.W.H.)
| | - Chiara Pavanello
- Centro Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy (C.P., L.C.)
| | - Patrick M. Hutchins
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Y.H., P.M.H., C.T., T.V., K.E.B., J.W.H.)
| | - Chongren Tang
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Y.H., P.M.H., C.T., T.V., K.E.B., J.W.H.)
| | - Mohsen Pourmousa
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (M.P., R.W.P.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Y.H., P.M.H., C.T., T.V., K.E.B., J.W.H.)
| | - Hyun D. Song
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (H.D.S., J.P.S.)
| | - Richard W. Pastor
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (M.P., R.W.P.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alan T. Remaley
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (A.T.R.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ira J. Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY (I.J.G.)
| | - Tina Costacou
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, PA (T.C.)
| | - W. Sean Davidson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, OH (W.S.D.)
| | - Karin E. Bornfeldt
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Y.H., P.M.H., C.T., T.V., K.E.B., J.W.H.)
| | - Laura Calabresi
- Centro Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy (C.P., L.C.)
| | - Jere P. Segrest
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (H.D.S., J.P.S.)
| | - Jay W. Heinecke
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Y.H., P.M.H., C.T., T.V., K.E.B., J.W.H.)
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Chen J, Curcio CA, Crosson JN. Shotgun lipidomics of human subretinal fluids under rod-dominant retina reveals cone-dominated lipids. Exp Eye Res 2024; 240:109807. [PMID: 38278468 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Subretinal fluid (SRF) accumulates between photoreceptor outer segments and retinal pigment epithelium during rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Biomolecular components such as lipids originate from cells surrounding the SRF. Knowledge of the composition of these molecules in SRF potentially provides mechanistic insight into the physiologic transfer of lipids between retinal tissue compartments. Using mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry analysis on an electrospray ionization quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometer, we identified a total of 115 lipid molecular species of 11 subclasses and 9 classes in two samples from two patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. These included 47 glycerophosphocholines, 6 glycerophosphoethanolamines, 1 glycerophosphoinositol, 18 sphingomyelins, 9 cholesteryl esters, free cholesterol, 3 ceramides, 22 triacylglycerols and 8 free fatty acids. Glycerophosphocholines were of the highest intensity. By minimizing the formation of different adduct forms or clustering ions of different adducts, we determined the relative intensity of lipid molecular species within the same subclasses. The profiles were compared with those of retinal cells available in the published literature. The glycerophosphocholine profile of SRF was similar to that of cone outer segments, suggesting that outer segment degradation products are constitutively released into the interphotoreceptor matrix, appearing in SRF during detachment. This hypothesis was supported by the retinal distributions of corresponding lipid synthases' mRNA expression obtained from an online resource based on publicly available single-cell sequencing data. In contrast, based on lipid profiles and relevant gene expression in this study, the sources of free cholesterol and cholesteryl esters in SRF appeared more ambiguous, possibly reflecting that outer retina takes up plasma lipoproteins. Further studies to identify and quantify lipids in SRF will help better understand etiology of diseases relevant to outer retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Chen
- Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA, United States; Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA, United States; Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
| | - Christine A Curcio
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
| | - Jason N Crosson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Morvaridzadeh M, Zoubdane N, Heshmati J, Alami M, Berrougui H, Khalil A. High-Density Lipoprotein Metabolism and Function in Cardiovascular Diseases: What about Aging and Diet Effects? Nutrients 2024; 16:653. [PMID: 38474781 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have become the leading global cause of mortality, prompting a heightened focus on identifying precise indicators for their assessment and treatment. In this perspective, the plasma levels of HDL have emerged as a pivotal focus, given the demonstrable correlation between plasma levels and cardiovascular events, rendering them a noteworthy biomarker. However, it is crucial to acknowledge that HDLs, while intricate, are not presently a direct therapeutic target, necessitating a more nuanced understanding of their dynamic remodeling throughout their life cycle. HDLs exhibit several anti-atherosclerotic properties that define their functionality. This functionality of HDLs, which is independent of their concentration, may be impaired in certain risk factors for CVD. Moreover, because HDLs are dynamic parameters, in which HDL particles present different atheroprotective properties, it remains difficult to interpret the association between HDL level and CVD risk. Besides the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of HDLs, their capacity to mediate cholesterol efflux, a key metric of HDL functionality, represents the main anti-atherosclerotic property of HDL. In this review, we will discuss the HDL components and HDL structure that may affect their functionality and we will review the mechanism by which HDL mediates cholesterol efflux. We will give a brief examination of the effects of aging and diet on HDL structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Morvaridzadeh
- Department of Medicine, Geriatric Service, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4N4, Canada
| | - Nada Zoubdane
- Department of Medicine, Geriatric Service, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4N4, Canada
| | - Javad Heshmati
- Department of Medicine, Geriatric Service, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4N4, Canada
| | - Mehdi Alami
- Department of Medicine, Geriatric Service, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4N4, Canada
| | - Hicham Berrougui
- Department of Medicine, Geriatric Service, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4N4, Canada
| | - Abdelouahed Khalil
- Department of Medicine, Geriatric Service, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4N4, Canada
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Deng C, Pan J, Zhu H, Chen ZY. Effect of Gut Microbiota on Blood Cholesterol: A Review on Mechanisms. Foods 2023; 12:4308. [PMID: 38231771 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota serves as a pivotal mediator between diet and human health. Emerging evidence has shown that the gut microbiota may play an important role in cholesterol metabolism. In this review, we delve into five possible mechanisms by which the gut microbiota may influence cholesterol metabolism: (1) the gut microbiota changes the ratio of free bile acids to conjugated bile acids, with the former being eliminated into feces and the latter being reabsorbed back into the liver; (2) the gut microbiota can ferment dietary fiber to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) which are absorbed and reach the liver where SCFAs inhibit cholesterol synthesis; (3) the gut microbiota can regulate the expression of some genes related to cholesterol metabolism through their metabolites; (4) the gut microbiota can convert cholesterol to coprostanol, with the latter having a very low absorption rate; and (5) the gut microbiota could reduce blood cholesterol by inhibiting the production of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which increases cholesterol synthesis and raises blood cholesterol. In addition, this review will explore the natural constituents in foods with potential roles in cholesterol regulation, mainly through their interactions with the gut microbiota. These include polysaccharides, polyphenolic entities, polyunsaturated fatty acids, phytosterols, and dicaffeoylquinic acid. These findings will provide a scientific foundation for targeting hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular diseases through the modulation of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanling Deng
- School of Food Science and Engineering/National Technical Center (Foshan) for Quality Control of Famous and Special Agricultural Products (CAQS-GAP-KZZX043), Foshan University, Foshan 528011, China
| | - Jingjin Pan
- School of Food Science and Engineering/National Technical Center (Foshan) for Quality Control of Famous and Special Agricultural Products (CAQS-GAP-KZZX043), Foshan University, Foshan 528011, China
| | - Hanyue Zhu
- School of Food Science and Engineering/National Technical Center (Foshan) for Quality Control of Famous and Special Agricultural Products (CAQS-GAP-KZZX043), Foshan University, Foshan 528011, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Chen
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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He Y, Pavanello C, Hutchins PM, Tang C, Pourmousa M, Vaisar T, Song HD, Pastor RW, Remaley AT, Goldberg IJ, Costacou T, Davidson WS, Bornfeldt KE, Calabresi L, Segrest JP, Heinecke JW. Flipped C-Terminal Ends of APOA1 Promote ABCA1-dependent Cholesterol Efflux by Small HDLs. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.11.03.23297986. [PMID: 37961344 PMCID: PMC10635269 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.03.23297986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD) independently of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Isolated small HDL particles are potent promoters of macrophage CEC by the ABCA1 pathway, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Methods We used model system studies of reconstituted HDL and plasma from control and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT)-deficient subjects to investigate the relationships among the sizes of HDL particles, the structure of APOA1 in the different particles, and the CECs of plasma and isolated HDLs. Results We quantified macrophage and ABCA1 CEC of four distinct sizes of reconstituted HDL (r-HDL). CEC increased as particle size decreased. MS/MS analysis of chemically crosslinked peptides and molecular dynamics simulations of APOA1 (HDL's major protein) indicated that the mobility of that protein's C-terminus was markedly higher and flipped off the surface in the smallest particles. To explore the physiological relevance of the model system studies, we isolated HDL from LCAT-deficient subjects, whose small HDLs-like r-HDLs-are discoidal and composed of APOA1, cholesterol, and phospholipid. Despite their very low plasma levels of HDL particles, these subjects had normal CEC. In both the LCAT-deficient subjects and control subjects, the CEC of isolated extra-small HDL (a mixture of extra-small and small HDL by calibrated ion mobility analysis) was 3-5-fold greater than that of the larger sizes of isolated HDL. Incubating LCAT-deficient plasma and control plasma with human LCAT converted extra-small and small HDL particles into larger particles, and it markedly inhibited CEC. Conclusions We present a mechanism for the enhanced CEC of small HDLs. In smaller particles, the C-termini of the two antiparallel molecules of APOA1 are flipped off the lipid surface of HDL. This extended conformation allows them to engage with ABCA1. In contrast, the C-termini of larger HDLs are unable to interact productively with ABCA1 because they form a helical bundle that strongly adheres to the lipid on the particle. Enhanced CEC, as seen with the smaller particles, predicts decreased CVD risk. Thus, extra-small and small HDLs may be key mediators and indicators of HDL's cardioprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Chiara Pavanello
- Centro Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Patrick M Hutchins
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Chongren Tang
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Mohsen Pourmousa
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Hyun D Song
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Richard W Pastor
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Ira J Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Tina Costacou
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - W Sean Davidson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45237, USA
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Laura Calabresi
- Centro Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Jere P Segrest
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
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Lin X, Zhang W, Yang C, Ma P, He K, Chen G, Tao Y, Yan H, Yang Z, Zhang L, Fan J, Cui Q, Huang W, Liu G, Xian X, Wang Y. Depleting LCAT Aggravates Atherosclerosis in LDLR-deficient Hamster with Reduced LDL-Cholesterol Level. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00320-X. [PMID: 37923248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) plays a crucial role in acyl-esterifying cholesterol in plasma, which is essential for reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). Previous studies indicated that its activity on both α and β lipoproteins interpret its effects on lipoproteins for many controversial investigations of atherosclerosis. OBJECTIVES To better understand the relationship between LCAT, diet-induced dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis, we developed a double knockout (LCAT-/-&LDLR-/-, DKO) hamster model to evaluate the specific role of LCAT independent of LDL clearance effects. METHODS Plasma triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and free cholesterol (FC) levels were measured using biochemical reagent kits. FPLC was performed to analyze the components of lipoproteins. Apolipoprotein content was assessed using western blotting (WB). The hamsters were fed a high cholesterol/high fat diet (HCHFD) to induce atherosclerosis. Oil Red O staining was employed to detect plaque formation. Peritoneal macrophages were studied to investigate the effects of LCAT on cholesterol uptake and efflux. RESULTS On HCHFD, DKO hamsters exhibited significantly elevated levels of TG and FC, while HDL-C was nearly undetectable without affecting TC levels, as compared to low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)-deficient (LDLR-/-, LKO) hamsters. Lipoprotein profiling revealed a marked increase in plasma chylomicron/very low-density lipoprotein (CM/VLDL) fractions, along with an unexpected reduction in LDL fraction in DKO hamsters. Furthermore, DKO hamsters displayed aggravated atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta, aortic root, and coronary artery relative to LKO hamsters, attributed to a pro-atherogenic lipoprotein profile and impaired cholesterol efflux in macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates the beneficial role of LCAT in inhibiting atherosclerotic development and highlights the distinctive lipid metabolism characteristics in hamsters with familial hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, China; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Noncoding RNA Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Rd, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Peking University Hepatology Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of General Practice, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Ma
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, China
| | - Kunxiang He
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, China
| | - Gonglie Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, China
| | - Yijun Tao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, China
| | - Haizhao Yan
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Zhao Yang
- Faculty of Art and Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ling Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, China
| | - Jianglin Fan
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
| | - Qinghua Cui
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Noncoding RNA Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Rd, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, China
| | - George Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, China
| | - Xunde Xian
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, China.
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Almulla AF, Thipakorn Y, Algon AAA, Tunvirachaisakul C, Al-Hakeim HK, Maes M. Reverse cholesterol transport and lipid peroxidation biomarkers in major depression and bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 113:374-388. [PMID: 37557967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depression (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are linked to immune activation, increased oxidative stress, and lower antioxidant defenses. OBJECTIVES To systematically review and meta-analyze all data concerning biomarkers of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), lipid-associated antioxidants, lipid peroxidation products, and autoimmune responses to oxidatively modified lipid epitopes in MDD and BD. METHODS Databases including PubMed, Google scholar and SciFinder were searched to identify eligible studies from inception to January 10th, 2023. Guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. RESULTS The current meta-analysis included 176 studies (60 BD and 116 MDD) and examined 34,051 participants, namely 17,094 with affective disorders and 16,957 healthy controls. Patients with MDD and BD showed a) significantly decreased RCT (mainly lowered high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and paraoxonase 1); b) lowered lipid soluble vitamins (including vitamin A, D, and coenzyme Q10); c) increased lipid peroxidation and aldehyde formation, mainly increased malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxynonenal, peroxides, and 8-isoprostanes; and d) Immunoglobulin (Ig)G responses to oxidized low-density lipoprotein and IgM responses to MDA. The ratio of all lipid peroxidation biomarkers/all lipid-associated antioxidant defenses was significantly increased in MDD (standardized mean difference or SMD = 0.433; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.312; 0.554) and BD (SMD = 0.653; CI: 0.501-0.806). This ratio was significantly greater in BD than MDD (p = 0.027). CONCLUSION In MDD/BD, lowered RCT, a key antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathway, may drive increased lipid peroxidation, aldehyde formation, and autoimmune responses to oxidative specific epitopes, which all together cause increased immune-inflammatory responses and neuro-affective toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas F Almulla
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Yanin Thipakorn
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | | | - Chavit Tunvirachaisakul
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Research Institute, Medical University in Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Department of Psychiatry, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Key Laboratory of Psychosomatic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China.
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Puttarat N, Kasorn A, Vitheejongjaroen P, Chantarangkul C, Tangwattanachuleeporn M, Taweechotipatr M. Beneficial Effects of Indigenous Probiotics in High-Cholesterol Diet-Induced Hypercholesterolemic Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:2710. [PMID: 37375614 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders. Probiotics are the essential constituents of the gastrointestinal microbiota that provide health-promoting effects. Cholesterol-lowering activity is a specific property of probiotics, improving the cholesterol metabolism without adverse effects. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the hypocholesterolemic effect of single and mixed cholesterol-lowering probiotic strains (including Limosilactobacillus reuteri TF-7, Enterococcus faecium TF-18, and Bifidobacterium animalis TA-1) in high-cholesterol diet (HCD)-induced hypercholesterolemic rats. The results showed that the administration of single probiotics contributed to a reduction in the body weight gain, visceral organ indexes, hyperlipidemia, and hepatic steatosis and also an improvement in the gastrointestinal microbiota. Besides the effect of single cholesterol-lowering probiotics, three probiotics strains could also synergize their hypocholesterolemic effect when administered simultaneously. These findings indicate that three cholesterol-lowering probiotic strains are suitable for development as probiotic supplements to reduce the risk of diseases caused by cholesterol and exert health benefits with synergistic effect when administered simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narathip Puttarat
- Center of Excellence in Probiotics, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Anongnard Kasorn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Porntipha Vitheejongjaroen
- Center of Excellence in Probiotics, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Chantanapa Chantarangkul
- Center of Excellence in Probiotics, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Marut Tangwattanachuleeporn
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
- Research Unit for Sensor Innovation (RUSI), Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Malai Taweechotipatr
- Center of Excellence in Probiotics, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
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9
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Nartea R, Mitoiu BI, Ghiorghiu I. The Link between Magnesium Supplements and Statin Medication in Dyslipidemic Patients. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:3146-3167. [PMID: 37185729 PMCID: PMC10136538 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45040205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Many investigations have discovered a connection between statins and magnesium supplements. On one hand, increasing research suggests that chronic hypomagnesemia may be an important factor in the etiology of some metabolic illnesses, including obesity and overweight, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, alterations in lipid metabolism, and low-grade inflammation. Chronic metabolic problems seem to be prevented by a high Mg intake combined with diet and/or supplements. On the other hand, it is known that statins lower the frequency of cardiac events, stroke, and mortality, not by lowering LDL-C, but by the capacity to reduce mevalonate formation. That will enhance endothelial function, inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration and encourage macrophages to promote plaque stability and regression while reducing inflammation. Taking these factors into consideration, we did an extensive analysis of the relevant literature, comparing the effects of Mg2 and statin medications on lipoproteins and, implicitly, on the key enzymes involved in cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Nartea
- Clinical Department 9, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute for Rehabilitation, Physical Medicine and Balneoclimatology, 030079 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Brindusa Ilinca Mitoiu
- Clinical Department 9, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Agrippa Ionescu Clinical Emergency Hospital, 077016 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Ghiorghiu
- Clinical Department 9, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute for Rehabilitation, Physical Medicine and Balneoclimatology, 030079 Bucharest, Romania
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10
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A Study on Multiple Facets of Apolipoprotein A1 Milano. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04330-2. [PMID: 36689166 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04330-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
For several strategies formulated to prevent atherosclerosis, Apolipoprotein A1 Milano (ApoA1M) remains a prime target. ApoA1M has been reported to have greater efficiency in reducing the incidence of coronary artery diseases. Furthermore, recombinant ApoA1M based mimetic peptide exhibits comparatively greater atheroprotective potential, offers a hope in reducing the burden of atherosclerosis in in vivo model system. The aim of this review is to emphasize on some of the observed ApoA1M structural and functional effects that are clinically and therapeutically meaningful that might converge on the basic role of ApoA1M in reducing the chances of glycation assisted ailments in diabetes. We also hypothesize that the nonenzymatic glycation prone arginine amino acid of ApoA1 gets replaced with cysteine residue and the rate of ApoA1 glycation may decrease due to change substitution of amino acid. Therefore, to circumvent the effect of ApoA1M glycation, the related mechanism should be explored at the cellular and functional levels, especially in respective experimental disease model in vivo.
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11
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Bonilha I, Luchiari B, Nadruz W, Sposito AC. Very low HDL levels: clinical assessment and management. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2023; 67:3-18. [PMID: 36651718 PMCID: PMC9983789 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In individuals with very low high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) cholesterol, such as Tangier disease, LCAT deficiency, and familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia, there is an increased risk of premature atherosclerosis. However, analyzes based on comparisons of populations with small variations in HDL-C mediated by polygenic alterations do not confirm these findings, suggesting that there is an indirect association or heterogeneity in the pathophysiological mechanisms related to the reduction of HDL-C. Trials that evaluated some of the HDL functions demonstrate a more robust degree of association between the HDL system and atherosclerotic risk, but as they were not designed to modify lipoprotein functionality, there is insufficient data to establish a causal relationship. We currently have randomized clinical trials of therapies that increase HDL-C concentration by various mechanisms, and this HDL-C elevation has not independently demonstrated a reduction in the risk of cardiovascular events. Therefore, this evidence shows that (a) measuring HDL-C as a way of estimating HDL-related atheroprotective system function is insufficient and (b) we still do not know how to increase cardiovascular protection with therapies aimed at modifying HDL metabolism. This leads us to a greater effort to understand the mechanisms of molecular action and cellular interaction of HDL, completely abandoning the traditional view focused on the plasma concentration of HDL-C. In this review, we will detail this new understanding and the new horizon for using the HDL system to mitigate residual atherosclerotic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Bonilha
- Universidade de Campinas (Unicamp), Laboratório de Biologia Vascular e Aterosclerose (AtheroLab), Divisão de Cardiologia, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Beatriz Luchiari
- Universidade de Campinas (Unicamp), Laboratório de Biologia Vascular e Aterosclerose (AtheroLab), Divisão de Cardiologia, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Wilson Nadruz
- Universidade de Campinas (Unicamp), Divisão de Cardiologia, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Andrei C Sposito
- Universidade de Campinas (Unicamp), Laboratório de Biologia Vascular e Aterosclerose (AtheroLab), Divisão de Cardiologia, Campinas, SP, Brasil,
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12
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Jia Z, Song R, Xu Y, Liu X, Zhang X. Astaxanthin absorption modulated antioxidant enzyme activity and targeted specific metabolic pathways in rats. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:7003-7016. [PMID: 35689476 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saponification contributed to an increase in the in vitro antioxidant activity of astaxanthin (Asta) extracts derived from Penaeus sinensis (Solenocera crassicornis) by-products. However, the influence of non-saponification (N-Asta) and saponification Asta (S-Asta) absorption on antioxidant activity in vivo was limited. The antioxidant properties of N-Asta and S-Asta were therefore compared in Sprague Dawley male rats after 6 h and 12 of absorption using biochemistry assays combined with an untargeted metabonomics strategy. RESULTS Non-saponified Asta and S-Asta showed similar digestive properties in a stimulated gastrointestinal tract. Increased glutathione content and decreased malondialdehyde content were measured in the liver tissues of N-Asta and S-Asta treated rats after 12 h of absorption. Absorption of N-Asta increased liver total superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activity. Treatment with S-Asta up-regulated NAD(P)H: quinine oxidoreductase-1, and heme oxygenase-1 expression was associated with the nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant responsive element pathway at the end of 12 h absorption. With partial least square-discriminant analysis and metabolite heatmap profiles, the S-Asta group was clearly separated from the N-Asta group. The S-Asta treatment also demonstrated stronger influences on plasma metabolites than the N-Asta treatment. Both N-Asta and S-Asta absorption showed critical roles in the regulation of specific metabolites, and 15 potential biomarkers were identified in eight key pathways to separate these experimental groups after 12 h of absorption. However, an increased serotonin level was only detected in the S-Asta group after 12 h absorption. CONCLUSION Absorption of N-Asta and S-Asta induced different antioxidant effects in normal rats, which were associated with metabolite changes. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Jia
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Ru Song
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Xinyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
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13
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Yao S, Iwashita A, Yagi S, Watanabe H, Nishio T, Koyama Y, Nagai K, Kamo N, Taura K, Hatano E. Acute coronary syndrome after liver transplantation in a young primary biliary cholangitis recipient with dyslipidemia: a case report. Surg Case Rep 2022; 8:113. [PMID: 35713737 PMCID: PMC9206063 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-022-01470-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic, progressive liver disease associated with dyslipidemia. There is a consensus that PBC does not accelerate coronary artery disease despite high cholesterol levels, so the screening test for the coronary artery is not routinely performed before liver transplantation (LT). To date, no report has described the potential risk of PBC-related dyslipidemia for developing acute coronary syndrome (ACS) after LT.
Case presentation
A 40-year-old Asian female with a known history of PBC underwent ABO-incompatible living-donor LT, with her husband as the donor. Although she had high cholesterol and triglyceride levels that were refractory to medications, she passed all routine preoperative examinations, including cardiopulmonary function tests and infection screenings. One week after LT, she developed ACS with 90% stenosis of both the left anterior descending artery and left circumflex artery. Emergent stent implantation was successfully performed followed by dual antiplatelet therapy. The long history of PBC and associated severe dyslipidemia for 10 years would have accelerated the atherosclerosis, causing latent stenosis in the coronary artery. Inapparent stenosis might have become apparent due to unstable hemodynamics during the acute phase after LT.
Conclusions
PBC-related dyslipidemia potentially brings a risk for developing ACS after LT. This experience suggests that the preoperative evaluation of the coronary artery should be considered for high-risk patients, especially those who have drug-resistant dyslipidemia.
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14
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Aso M, Yamamoto TT, Kuroda M, Wada J, Kubota Y, Ishikawa K, Maezawa Y, Teramoto N, Tawada A, Asada S, Aoyagi Y, Kirinashizawa M, Onitake A, Matsuura Y, Yasunaga K, Konno SI, Nishino K, Yamamoto M, Miyoshi J, Kobayashi N, Tanio M, Ikeuchi T, Igari H, Mitsukawa N, Hanaoka H, Yokote K, Saito Y. First-in-human autologous implantation of genetically modified adipocytes expressing LCAT for the treatment of familial LCAT deficiency. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11271. [PMID: 36387451 PMCID: PMC9663876 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Familial lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) deficiency (FLD) is a severe inherited disease without effective treatment. Patients with FLD develop severe low HDL, corneal opacity, hemolytic anemia, and renal injury. Objective We developed genetically modified adipocytes (GMAC) secreting LCAT (LCAT-GMAC) for ex vivo gene therapy. GMACs were prepared from the patient’s adipocytes to express LCAT by retroviral gene transduction to secrete functional enzymes. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of LCAT-GMAC implantation in an FLD patient. Methods Proliferative preadipocytes were obtained from a patient using a ceiling culture and retrovirally transduced with LCAT. After obtaining enough cells by expansion culture of the transduced cells, the resulting LCAT-GMACs were implanted into a patient with FLD. To evaluate the safety and efficacy, we analyzed the outcome of the autologous implantation for 24 weeks of observation and subsequent 240 weeks of the follow-up periods. Results This first-in-human autologous implantation of LCAT-GMACs was shown to be safe by evaluating adverse events. The LCAT-GMAC implantation increased serum LCAT activity by approximately 50% of the baseline and sustained over three years. Consistent with increased LCAT activity, intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) and free cholesterol levels of the small and very small HDL fractions decreased. We found the hemoglobin/haptoglobin complex in the hemolyzed pre-implantation sera of the patient. After one week of the implantation, the hemoglobin/haptoglobin complex almost disappeared. Immediately after the implantation, the patient's proteinuria decreased temporarily to mild levels and gradually increased to the baseline. At 48 weeks after implantation, the patient's proteinuria deteriorated with the development of mild hypertension. By the treatment with antihypertensives, the patient's blood pressure normalized. With the normalization of blood pressure, the proteinuria rapidly decreased to mild proteinuria levels. Conclusions LCAT-GMAC implantation in a patient with FLD is shown to be safe and appears to be effective, in part, for treating anemia and proteinuria in FLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Masayuki Kuroda
- Center for Advanced Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, 2608677 Chiba, Japan
| | - Jun Wada
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 7008530 Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kubota
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chiba University, Faculty of Medicine, 2608670 Chiba, Japan
| | - Ko Ishikawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University, Graduates School of Medicine and Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, 2608670 Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Maezawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University, Graduates School of Medicine and Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, 2608670 Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoya Teramoto
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University, Graduates School of Medicine and Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, 2608670 Chiba, Japan
| | - Ayako Tawada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 2608670 Chiba, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Takayuki Ikeuchi
- Chiba University Hospital Clinical Research Center, 2608677 Chiba, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Igari
- Division of Infection Control, Chiba University Hospital, 2608677 Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Mitsukawa
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chiba University, Faculty of Medicine, 2608670 Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideki Hanaoka
- Chiba University Hospital Clinical Research Center, 2608677 Chiba, Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Chiba University, Graduates School of Medicine and Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Chiba University Hospital, 2608670 Chiba, Japan
- Corresponding author.
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15
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Stadler JT, Mangge H, Rani A, Curcic P, Herrmann M, Prüller F, Marsche G. Low HDL Cholesterol Efflux Capacity Indicates a Fatal Course of COVID-19. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1858. [PMID: 36290581 PMCID: PMC9598682 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane cholesterol is required for proper trafficking and localization of receptors that facilitate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) mobilize plasma membrane cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol levels are associated with the severity of COVID-19 disease and mortality. However, HDL-cholesterol levels poorly reflect the function of this complex family of particles, and a detailed assessment of COVID-19-associated changes in HDL functionality and its prognostic value is lacking. In the present study, we assessed HDL cholesterol efflux capacity, HDL anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and changes in HDL composition and metabolism in COVID-19 (n = 48) and non-COVID pneumonia patients (n = 32). COVID-19 infection markedly reduced the activity of lecithin-cholesteryl-acyltransferase and functional parameters of HDL, such as the cholesterol efflux capacity, arylesterase activity of paraoxonase 1, and anti-oxidative capacity of apoB-depleted serum when compared to non-COVID pneumonia at baseline, paralleled by markedly reduced levels of HDL-cholesterol. Of particular interest, low HDL cholesterol efflux capacity was associated with increased mortality risk in COVID-19 patients, independent of HDL-C levels. Our results highlight profound effects of COVID-19 infection on HDL function, metabolism, and composition. Low HDL cholesterol efflux capacity indicates a fatal course of COVID-19, independent of HDL-cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia T. Stadler
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Mangge
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Alankrita Rani
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Pero Curcic
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Herrmann
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Florian Prüller
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
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16
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Duan Y, Gong K, Xu S, Zhang F, Meng X, Han J. Regulation of cholesterol homeostasis in health and diseases: from mechanisms to targeted therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:265. [PMID: 35918332 PMCID: PMC9344793 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbed cholesterol homeostasis plays critical roles in the development of multiple diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD), neurodegenerative diseases and cancers, particularly the CVD in which the accumulation of lipids (mainly the cholesteryl esters) within macrophage/foam cells underneath the endothelial layer drives the formation of atherosclerotic lesions eventually. More and more studies have shown that lowering cholesterol level, especially low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, protects cardiovascular system and prevents cardiovascular events effectively. Maintaining cholesterol homeostasis is determined by cholesterol biosynthesis, uptake, efflux, transport, storage, utilization, and/or excretion. All the processes should be precisely controlled by the multiple regulatory pathways. Based on the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis, many interventions have been developed to lower cholesterol by inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis and uptake or enhancing cholesterol utilization and excretion. Herein, we summarize the historical review and research events, the current understandings of the molecular pathways playing key roles in regulating cholesterol homeostasis, and the cholesterol-lowering interventions in clinics or in preclinical studies as well as new cholesterol-lowering targets and their clinical advances. More importantly, we review and discuss the benefits of those interventions for the treatment of multiple diseases including atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, osteoporosis and virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Duan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Ke Gong
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Xianshe Meng
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Jihong Han
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China. .,College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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17
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10,12-conjugated linoleic acid supplementation improves HDL composition and function in mice. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100241. [PMID: 35714730 PMCID: PMC9283942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with inflammation, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes, which are major risk factors for CVD. One dietary component of ruminant animal foods, 10,12-conjugated linoleic acid (10,12 CLA), has been shown to promote weight loss in humans. Previous work has shown that 10,12 CLA is atheroprotective in mice by a mechanism that may be distinct from its weight loss effects, but this exact mechanism is unclear. To investigate this, we evaluated HDL composition and function in obese LDL receptor (Ldlr−/−) mice that were losing weight because of 10,12 CLA supplementation or caloric restriction (CR; weight-matched control group) and in an obese control group consuming a high-fat high-sucrose diet. We show that 10,12 CLA-HDL exerted a stronger anti-inflammatory effect than CR- or high-fat high-sucrose-HDL in cultured adipocytes. Furthermore, the 10,12 CLA-HDL particle (HDL-P) concentration was higher, attributed to more medium- and large-sized HDL-Ps. Passive cholesterol efflux capacity of 10,12 CLA-HDL was elevated, as was expression of HDL receptor scavenger receptor class B type 1 in the aortic arch. Murine macrophages treated with 10,12 CLA in vitro exhibited increased expression of cholesterol transporters Abca1 and Abcg1, suggesting increased cholesterol efflux potential of these cells. Finally, proteomics analysis revealed elevated Apoa1 content in 10,12 CLA-HDL-Ps, consistent with a higher particle concentration, and particles were also enriched with alpha-1-antitrypsin, an emerging anti-inflammatory and antiatherosclerotic HDL-associated protein. We conclude that 10,12 CLA may therefore exert its atheroprotective effects by increasing HDL-P concentration, HDL anti-inflammatory potential, and promoting beneficial effects on cholesterol efflux.
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18
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Paapstel K, Kals J. Metabolomics of Arterial Stiffness. Metabolites 2022; 12:370. [PMID: 35629874 PMCID: PMC9146333 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial stiffness (AS) is one of the earliest detectable signs of structural and functional alterations of the vessel wall and an independent predictor of cardiovascular events and death. The emerging field of metabolomics can be utilized to detect a wide spectrum of intermediates and products of metabolism in body fluids that can be involved in the pathogenesis of AS. Research over the past decade has reinforced this idea by linking AS to circulating acylcarnitines, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and amino acids, among other metabolite species. Some of these metabolites influence AS through traditional cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, diabetes, smoking), while others seem to act independently through both known and unknown pathophysiological mechanisms. We propose the term 'arteriometabolomics' to indicate the research that applies metabolomics methods to study AS. The 'arteriometabolomics' approach has the potential to allow more personalized cardiovascular risk stratification, disease monitoring, and treatment selection. One of its major goals is to uncover the causal metabolic pathways of AS. Such pathways could represent valuable treatment targets in vascular ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaido Paapstel
- Endothelial Research Centre, University of Tartu, 8 Puusepa Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia;
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, 8 Puusepa Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
- Heart Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, 8 Puusepa Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaak Kals
- Endothelial Research Centre, University of Tartu, 8 Puusepa Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia;
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, 8 Puusepa Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
- Surgery Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, 8 Puusepa Street, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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LCAT- targeted therapies: Progress, failures and future. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 147:112677. [PMID: 35121343 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) is the only enzyme in plasma which is able to esterify cholesterol and boost cholesterol esterify with phospholipid-derived acyl chains. In order to better understand the progress of LCAT research, it is always inescapable that it is linked to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). Because LCAT plays a central role in HDL metabolism and RCT, many animal studies and clinical studies are currently aimed at improving plasma lipid metabolism by increasing LCAT activity in order to find better treatment options for familial LCAT deficiency (FLD), fish eye disease (FED), and cardiovascular disease. Recombinant human LCAT (rhLCAT) injections, cells and gene therapy, and small molecule activators have been carried out with promising results. Recently rhLCAT therapies have entered clinical phase II trials with good prospects. In this review, we discuss the diseases associated with LCAT and therapies that use LCAT as a target hoping to find out whether LCAT can be an effective therapeutic target for coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis. Also, probing the mechanism of action of LCAT may help better understand the heterogeneity of HDL and the action mechanism of dynamic lipoprotein particles.
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20
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Apolipoprotein A1-Related Proteins and Reverse Cholesterol Transport in Antiatherosclerosis Therapy: Recent Progress and Future Perspectives. Cardiovasc Ther 2022; 2022:4610834. [PMID: 35087605 PMCID: PMC8763555 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4610834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia characterized by abnormal deposition of cholesterol in arteries can cause atherosclerosis and coronary artery occlusion, leading to atherosclerotic coronary heart disease. The body prevents atherosclerosis by reverse cholesterol transport to mobilize and excrete cholesterol and other lipids. Apolipoprotein A1, the major component of high-density lipoprotein, plays a key role in reverse cholesterol transport. Here, we reviewed the role of apolipoprotein A1-targeting molecules in antiatherosclerosis therapy, in particular ATP-binding cassette transporter A1, lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase, and scavenger receptor class B type 1.
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Xian X, Wang Y, Liu G. Genetically Engineered Hamster Models of Dyslipidemia and Atherosclerosis. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2419:433-459. [PMID: 35237980 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1924-7_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Animal models of human diseases play an extremely important role in biomedical research. Among them, mice are widely used animal models for translational research, especially because of ease of generation of genetically engineered mice. However, because of the great differences in biology between mice and humans, translation of findings to humans remains a major issue. Therefore, the exploration of models with biological and metabolic characteristics closer to those of humans has never stopped.Although pig and nonhuman primates are biologically similar to humans, their genetic engineering is technically difficult, the cost of breeding is high, and the experimental time is long. As a result, the application of these species as model animals, especially genetically engineered model animals, in biomedical research is greatly limited.In terms of lipid metabolism and cardiovascular diseases, hamsters have several characteristics different from rats and mice, but similar to those in humans. The hamster is therefore an ideal animal model for studying lipid metabolism and cardiovascular disease because of its small size and short reproduction period. However, the phenomenon of zygote division, which was unexpectedly blocked during the manipulation of hamster embryos for some unknown reasons, had plagued researchers for decades and no genetically engineered hamsters have therefore been generated as animal models of human diseases for a long time. After solving the problem of in vitro development of hamster zygotes, we successfully prepared enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) transgenic hamsters by microinjection of lentiviral vectors into the zona pellucida space of zygotes. On this basis, we started the development of cardiovascular disease models using the hamster embryo culture system combined with the novel genome editing technique of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR )/CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9). In this chapter, we will introduce some of the genetically engineered hamster models with dyslipidemia and the corresponding characteristics of these models. We hope that the genetically engineered hamster models can be further recognized and complement other genetically engineered animal models such as mice, rats, and rabbits. This will lead to new avenues and pathways for the study of lipid metabolism and its related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunde Xian
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - George Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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22
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Aqul AA, Ramirez CM, Lopez AM, Burns DK, Repa JJ, Turley SD. Molecular markers of brain cholesterol homeostasis are unchanged despite a smaller brain mass in a mouse model of cholesteryl ester storage disease. Lipids 2022; 57:3-16. [PMID: 34618372 PMCID: PMC8766890 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal acid lipase (LAL), encoded by the gene LIPA, facilitates the intracellular processing of lipids by hydrolyzing cholesteryl esters and triacylglycerols present in newly internalized lipoproteins. Loss-of-function mutations in LIPA result in cholesteryl ester storage disease (CESD) or Wolman disease when mutations cause complete loss of LAL activity. Although the phenotype of a mouse CESD model has been extensively characterized, there has not been a focus on the brain at different stages of disease progression. In the current studies, whole-brain mass and the concentrations of cholesterol in both the esterified (EC) and unesterified (UC) fractions were measured in Lal-/- and matching Lal+/+ mice (FVB-N strain) at ages ranging from 14 up to 280 days after birth. Compared to Lal+/+ controls at 50, 68-76, 140-142, and 230-280 days of age, Lal-/- mice had brain weights that averaged approximately 6%, 7%, 18%, and 20% less, respectively. Brain EC levels were higher in the Lal-/- mice at every age, being elevated 27-fold at 230-280 days. Brain UC concentrations did not show a genotypic difference at any age. The elevated brain EC levels in the Lal-/- mice did not reflect EC in residual blood. An mRNA expression analysis for an array of genes involved in the synthesis, catabolism, storage, and transport of cholesterol in the brains of 141-day old mice did not detect any genotypic differences although the relative mRNA levels for several markers of inflammation were moderately elevated in the Lal-/- mice. The possible sites of EC accretion in the central nervous system are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal A. Aqul
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas TX 75390 USA
| | - Charina M. Ramirez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas TX 75390 USA
| | - Adam M. Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas TX 75390 USA
| | - Dennis K. Burns
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas TX 75390 USA
| | - Joyce J. Repa
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas TX 75390 USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas TX 75390 USA
| | - Stephen D. Turley
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas TX 75390 USA
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Liu G, Lai P, Guo J, Wang Y, Xian X. Genetically-engineered hamster models: applications and perspective in dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular disease. MEDICAL REVIEW (BERLIN, GERMANY) 2021; 1:92-110. [PMID: 37724074 PMCID: PMC10388752 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2021-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries, in which atherosclerosis triggered by dyslipidemia is the major pathological basis. Over the past 40 years, small rodent animals, such as mice, have been widely used for understanding of human atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) with the advantages of low cost and ease of maintenance and manipulation. However, based on the concept of precision medicine and high demand of translational research, the applications of mouse models for human ASCVD study would be limited due to the natural differences in metabolic features between mice and humans even though they are still the most powerful tools in this research field, indicating that other species with biological similarity to humans need to be considered for studying ASCVD in future. With the development and breakthrough of novel gene editing technology, Syrian golden hamster, a small rodent animal replicating the metabolic characteristics of humans, has been genetically modified, suggesting that gene-targeted hamster models will provide new insights into the precision medicine and translational research of ASCVD. The purpose of this review was to summarize the genetically-modified hamster models with dyslipidemia to date, and their potential applications and perspective for ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Pingping Lai
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiabao Guo
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xunde Xian
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
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24
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Zhao XJ, Liu LC, Guo C, Shen WW, Cao J, Du F, Wu DF, Yu H. Hepatic paraoxonase 1 ameliorates dysfunctional high-density lipoprotein and atherosclerosis in scavenger receptor class B type I deficient mice. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1063. [PMID: 34422975 PMCID: PMC8339862 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background High-density lipoprotein (HDL) plays an antiatherogenic role by mediating reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and endothelial cell protection. Recently, series of evidence have shown that HDL can also convert to proatherogenic HDL under certain circumstances. Plasma paraoxonase 1 (PON1) as an HDL-bound esterase, is responsible for most of the antioxidant properties of HDL. However, whether PON1 can serve as a therapeutic target of dysfunctional HDL-related atherosclerosis remains unclear. Methods In this study, scavenger receptor class B type I deficient (Scarb1−/−) mice were used as the animal model with dysfunctional HDL and increased atherosclerotic susceptibility. Hepatic PON1 overexpression and secretion into circulation were achieved by lentivirus injection through the tail vein. We monitored plasma lipids levels and lipoprotein profiles in Scarb1−/− mice, and measured the levels and activities of proteins associated with HDL function. Meanwhile, lipid deposition in the liver and atherosclerotic lesions was quantified. Hepatic genes relevant to HDL metabolism and inflammation were analyzed. Results The results showed the relative levels of PON1 in liver and plasma were increased by 1.1-fold and 1.6-fold, respectively, and mean plasma PON1 activity was increased by 63%. High-level PON1 increased the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, promoted HDL maturation and macrophage cholesterol efflux through increasing HDL functional proteins components apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1), apolipoprotein E (APOE), and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), while decreased inflammatory protein markers, such as serum amyloid A (SAA), apolipoprotein A4 (APOA4) and alpha 1 antitrypsin (A1AT). Furthermore, hepatic PON1 overexpression linked the effects of antioxidation and anti-inflammation with HDL metabolism regulation mainly through up-regulating liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) and its downstream genes. The pleiotropic effects involved promoting HDL biogenesis by raising the level of APOA1, increasing cholesterol uptake by the liver through the APOE-low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) pathway, and increasing cholesterol excretion into the bile, thereby reducing hepatic steatosis and aorta atherosclerosis in Western diet-fed mice. Conclusions Our study reveals that high-level PON1 improved dysfunctional HDL and alleviated the development of atherosclerosis in Scarb1−/− mice. It is suggested that PON1 represents a promising target of HDL-based therapeutic strategy for HDL-related atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jie Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang-Chen Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Cui Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Wen Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Fen Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong-Fang Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
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25
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Hommes JW, Kratofil RM, Wahlen S, de Haas CJC, Hildebrand RB, Hovingh GK, Otto M, van Eck M, Hoekstra M, Korporaal SJA, Surewaard BGJ. High density lipoproteins mediate in vivo protection against staphylococcal phenol-soluble modulins. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15357. [PMID: 34321507 PMCID: PMC8319287 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94651-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus virulence has been associated with the production of phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs). These PSMs have distinct virulence functions and are known to activate, attract and lyse neutrophils. These PSM-associated biological functions are inhibited by lipoproteins in vitro. We set out to address whether lipoproteins neutralize staphylococcal PSM-associated virulence in experimental animal models. Serum from both LCAT an ABCA1 knockout mice strains which are characterised by near absence of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, was shown to fail to protect against PSM-induced neutrophil activation and lysis in vitro. Importantly, PSM-induced peritonitis in LCAT-/- mice resulted in increased lysis of resident peritoneal macrophages and enhanced neutrophil recruitment into the peritoneal cavity. Notably, LCAT-/- mice were more likely to succumb to staphylococcal bloodstream infections in a PSM-dependent manner. Plasma from homozygous carriers of ABCA1 variants characterized by very low HDL-cholesterol levels, was found to be less protective against PSM-mediated biological functions compared to healthy humans. Therefore, we conclude that lipoproteins present in blood can protect against staphylococcal PSMs, the key virulence factor of community-associated methicillin resistant S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefien W Hommes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Disease. Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Rachel M Kratofil
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Disease. Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sigrid Wahlen
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Carla J C de Haas
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Reeni B Hildebrand
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - G Kees Hovingh
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Micheal Otto
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Miranda van Eck
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Menno Hoekstra
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne J A Korporaal
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bas G J Surewaard
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Disease. Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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de Macedo Ribeiro FRC, Ribeiro CHMA, Tavoni TM, Dos Santos Sarges E, Freitas FR, Stolf NAG, Kalil Filho R, Maranhão RC. Disturbances of the transfer of cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in patients with peripheral artery disease with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Vasc Med 2021; 26:602-607. [PMID: 34137646 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x211021142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol is frequent in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) and also in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the major risk factor for PAD. The transfer of cholesterol from the other lipoproteins to HDL is an important aspect of HDL metabolism and function, and may contribute to atherogenic mechanisms that lead to PAD development. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the status of cholesterol transfers in patients with PAD without or with T2DM. METHODS Patients with PAD (n = 19), with PAD and T2DM (PAD + DM, n = 19), and healthy controls (n = 20), all paired for age, sex, and BMI were studied. Transfer of both forms of cholesterol, unesterified (UC) and esterified (EC), was performed by incubating plasma with a donor nanoemulsion containing radioactive UC and EC, followed by chemical precipitation and HDL radioactive counting. RESULTS Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and triglycerides were similar in the three groups. Compared to controls, HDL-C was lower in PAD + DM (p < 0.05), but not in PAD. Transfer of UC was lower in PAD + DM than in PAD and controls (4.18 ± 1.17%, 5.13 ± 1.44%, 6.59 ± 1.25%, respectively, p < 0.001). EC transfer tended to be lower in PAD + DM than in controls (2.96 ± 0.60 vs 4.12 ± 0.89%, p = 0.05). Concentrations of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), both involved in HDL metabolism, were not different among the three groups. CONCLUSION Deficient cholesterol transfer to HDL may play a role in PAD pathogenesis. Since UC transfer to HDL was lower in PAD + DM compared to PAD alone, it is possible that defective HDL metabolism may contribute to the higher PAD incidence in patients with T2DM.Keywords.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thauany Martins Tavoni
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erica Dos Santos Sarges
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Instituto de Ciencias da Saude, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Fatima Rodrigues Freitas
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Noedir Antonio Groppo Stolf
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Kalil Filho
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raul Cavalcante Maranhão
- Instituto do Coracao (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Morris G, Puri BK, Bortolasci CC, Carvalho A, Berk M, Walder K, Moreira EG, Maes M. The role of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A and paraoxonase-1 in the pathophysiology of neuroprogressive disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:244-263. [PMID: 33657433 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lowered high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol has been reported in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, first episode of psychosis, and schizophrenia. HDL, its major apolipoprotein component, ApoA1, and the antioxidant enzyme paraoxonase (PON)1 (which is normally bound to ApoA1) all have anti-atherogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory roles, which are discussed in this paper. The paper details the pathways mediating the anti-inflammatory effects of HDL, ApoA1 and PON1 and describes the mechanisms leading to compromised HDL and PON1 levels and function in an environment of chronic inflammation. The molecular mechanisms by which changes in HDL, ApoA1 and PON1 might contribute to the pathophysiology of the neuroprogressive disorders are explained. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory actions of ApoM-mediated sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) signalling are reviewed as well as the deleterious effects of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress on ApoM/S1P signalling. Finally, therapeutic interventions specifically aimed at improving the levels and function of HDL and PON1 while reducing levels of inflammation and oxidative stress are considered. These include the so-called Mediterranean diet, extra virgin olive oil, polyphenols, flavonoids, isoflavones, pomegranate juice, melatonin and the Mediterranean diet combined with the ketogenic diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | | | - Chiara C Bortolasci
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, CMMR Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Andre Carvalho
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The Department of Psychiatry and The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, CMMR Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Estefania G Moreira
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, King Chulalongkorn University Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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28
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Rosenzweig B, Recabal P, Gluck C, Coleman JA, Susztak K, Hakimi AA, Jaimes EA, Weiss RH. Can kidney parenchyma metabolites serve as prognostic biomarkers for long-term kidney function after nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma? A preliminary study. Clin Kidney J 2021; 14:656-664. [PMID: 35261758 PMCID: PMC8894921 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfaa185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Nephrectomy, the standard of care for localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC), may lead to kidney function loss. Our goal was to identify prognostic biomarkers of postoperative renal function using metabolomics. Methods Metabolomics data from benign kidney parenchyma were collected prospectively from 138 patients with RCC who underwent nephrectomy at a single institution. The primary endpoint was the difference between the postoperative and preoperative estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) rate divided by the elapsed time (eGFR slope). eGFR slope was calculated ∼2 years post-nephrectomy (GFR1), and at last follow-up (GFR2). A multivariate regularized regression model identified clinical characteristics and abundance of metabolites in baseline benign kidney parenchyma that were significantly associated with eGFR slope. Findings were validated by associating gene expression data with eGFR slope in an independent cohort (n = 58). Results Data were compiled on 78 patients (median age 62.6 years, 65.4% males). The mean follow-up was 25 ± 3.4 months for GFR1 and 69.5 ± 23.5 months for GFR2 and 17 (22%) and 32 (41%) patients showed eGFR recovery, respectively. Nephrectomy type, blood lipids, gender and 23 metabolites from benign parenchyma were significantly associated with eGFR slope. Some metabolites associated with eGFR slope overlapped with previously reported chronic kidney disease-related processes. Subgroup analysis identified unique ‘metabolite signatures’ by older age, nephrectomy type and preoperative eGFR. Conclusions Nephrectomy type, gender, blood lipids and benign parenchyma metabolites at nephrectomy were associated with long-term kidney function. On further study, these metabolites may be useful as potential biomarkers and to identify novel therapeutic targets for malignancy-associated renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barak Rosenzweig
- Department of Surgery, Urology Services, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Urology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel, Affiliated to Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- The Dr. Pinchas Borenstein Talpiot Medical Leadership Program 2013, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Pedro Recabal
- Department of Surgery, Urology Services, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Urology Service, Fundacion Arturo Lopez Perez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Caroline Gluck
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan A Coleman
- Department of Surgery, Urology Services, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Department of Medicine, Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A Ari Hakimi
- Department of Surgery, Urology Services, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edgar A Jaimes
- Renal Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert H Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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29
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El-Dein AN, Nour El-Deen AM, El-Shatoury EH, Awad GA, Ibrahim MK, Awad HM, Farid MA. Assessment of exopolysaccharides, bacteriocins and in vitro and in vivo hypocholesterolemic potential of some Egyptian Lactobacillus spp. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 173:66-78. [PMID: 33482208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacilli probiotics have been suggested to reduce cholesterol with low side effects to host. Bacteriocins and exopolysaccharides (EPSs) production are two meaningful examples of functional applications of lactobacilli in the food industry. Eight Lactobacillus strains were isolated from some Egyptian fermented food and tested for their probiotic properties. Analysis of the monosaccharide composition by thin layer chromatography showed the presence of glucose, galactose and unknown sugar. The main functional groups of EPSs were elucidated by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Their fermentation cultures displayed powerful antioxidant activities extending from 97.5 to 99%, 40-75% for their EPSs and free cells, respectively, and exhibited in vitro cholesterol downgrading from 48 to 82% and 72 to 91% after 48 and 120 h, respectively. Their EPSs showed good anticancer activities against carcinoma cells with low IC50 values for HCT-116, PC-3 and HepG-2 cells. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no previous reports on the potential of Lactobacillus EPSs activity against PC-3. The selected strains, L. plantarum KU985433 and L. rhamnosus KU985436 produced two different bacteriocins as detected by gel permeation chromatography with good antimicrobial activities. In vivo study demonstrated that feeding Westar rats with fermented milk exhibited greater cholesterol, LDL and blood triglyceride reduction for both strains. Whereas, HDL was increased by about 43 and 38%, respectively, and the atherogenic indices decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Negm El-Dein
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Div., National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Azza M Nour El-Deen
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Div., National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Einas H El-Shatoury
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada A Awad
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Div., National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Hanem M Awad
- Tanning Materials and Leather Technology Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Farid
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Div., National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
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Osman A, El-Gazzar N, Almanaa TN, El-Hadary A, Sitohy M. Lipolytic Postbiotic from Lactobacillus paracasei Manages Metabolic Syndrome in Albino Wistar Rats. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020472. [PMID: 33477482 PMCID: PMC7831067 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study investigates the capacity of a lipolytic Lactobacillus paracasei postbiotic as a possible regulator for lipid metabolism by targeting metabolic syndrome as a possibly safer anti-obesity and Anti-dyslipidemia agent replacing atorvastatin (ATOR) and other drugs with proven or suspected health hazards. The high DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] scavenging activity and high activities of antioxidant enzyme such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) of the Lactobacillus paracasei postbiotic (cell-free extract), coupled with considerable lipolytic activity, may support its action against metabolic syndrome. Lactobacillus paracasei isolate was obtained from an Egyptian cheese sample, identified and used for preparing the postbiotic. The postbiotic was characterized and administered to high-fat diet (HFD) albino rats (100 and 200 mg kg-1) for nine weeks, as compared to atorvastatin (ATOR; 10 mg kg-1). The postbiotic could correct the disruption in lipid metabolism and antioxidant enzymes in HFD rats more effectively than ATOR. The two levels of the postbiotic (100 and 200 mg kg-1) reduced total serum lipids by 29% and 34% and serum triglyceride by 32-45% of the positive control level, compared to only 25% and 35% in ATOR's case, respectively. Both ATOR and the postbiotic (200 mg kg-1) equally decreased total serum cholesterol by about 40% and 39%, while equally raising HDL levels by 28% and 30% of the positive control. The postbiotic counteracted HFD-induced body weight increases more effectively than ATOR without affecting liver and kidney functions or liver histopathology, at the optimal dose of each. The postbiotic is a safer substitute for ATOR in treating metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Osman
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
| | - Nashwa El-Gazzar
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Taghreed N. Almanaa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdalla El-Hadary
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Benha 13736, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud Sitohy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-106-527-2667
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Vitali C, Cuchel M. Controversial Role of Lecithin:Cholesterol Acyltransferase in the Development of Atherosclerosis: New Insights From an LCAT Activator. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:377-379. [PMID: 33356367 PMCID: PMC7901727 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Vitali
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marina Cuchel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Ramirez CM, Taylor AM, Lopez AM, Repa JJ, Turley SD. Delineation of metabolic responses of Npc1 -/-nih mice lacking the cholesterol-esterifying enzyme SOAT2 to acute treatment with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. Steroids 2020; 164:108725. [PMID: 32890578 PMCID: PMC7680374 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lipids present in lipoproteins cleared from the circulation are processed sequentially by three major proteins within the late endosomal/lysosomal (E/L) compartment of all cells: lysosomal acid lipase (LAL), Niemann-Pick (NPC) C2 and NPC1. When all three of these proteins are functioning normally, unesterified cholesterol (UC) exits the E/L compartment and is used in plasma membrane maintenance and various pathways in the endoplasmic reticulum including esterification by sterol O-acyltransferase 2 (SOAT2) or SOAT1 depending partly on cell type. Mutations in either NPC2 or NPC1 result in continual entrapment of UC and glycosphingolipids leading to neurodegeneration, pulmonary dysfunction, splenomegaly and liver damage. To date, the most effective agent for promoting release of entrapped UC in nearly all organs of NPC1-deficient mice and cats is 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2HPβCD). The cytotoxic nature of the liberated UC triggers various defenses including suppression of sterol synthesis and increased esterification. The present studies, using the Npc1-/-nih mouse model, measured the comparative quantitative importance of these two responses in the liver versus the spleen of Npc1-/-: Soat2+/+ and Npc1-/-: Soat2-/- mice in the 24 h following a single acute treatment with 2HPβCD. In the liver but not the spleen of both types of mice suppression of synthesis alone or in combination with increased esterification provided the major defense against the rise in unsequestered cellular UC content. These findings have implications for systemic 2HPβCD treatment in NPC1 patients in view of the purportedly low levels of SOAT2 activity in human liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charina M Ramirez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Anna M Taylor
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Adam M Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joyce J Repa
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Stephen D Turley
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Single nucleotide polymorphisms in LCAT may contribute to dyslipidaemia in HIV-infected individuals on HAART in a Ghanaian population. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19419. [PMID: 33173066 PMCID: PMC7655843 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76113-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is known to cause lipid abnormalities such as dyslipidaemia in HIV-infected individuals. Yet, dyslipidaemia may not independently occur as it may be worsened by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL). This case–control study was conducted in three-selected hospitals in the Northern part of Ghana. The study constituted a total of 118 HIV-infected participants aged 19–71 years, who had been on HAART for 6–24 months. Dyslipidaemia was defined based on the NCEP-ATP III criteria. HIV-infected individuals on HAART with dyslipidaemia were classified as cases while those without dyslipidaemia were grouped as controls. Lipid profile was measured using an automatic clinical chemistry analyzer and genomic DNA was extracted for PCR (GeneAmp PCR System 2700). Overall, the prevalence of dyslipidaemia was 39.0% (46/118). High levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), and reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were observed in all cases. A total of 256 selected PCR amplicons comprising 137 LPL (exons 3, 5 and 6) and 119 LCAT (exons 1, 4, and 6) were sequenced in 46 samples (Inqaba Biotech). Six (6) clinically significant SNPs were identified in exons 1 and 4 for LCAT whereas 25 non-clinically significant SNPs were identified for LPL in exons 5 and 6. At position 97 for LCAT exon 1, there was a deletion of the nucleotide, ‘A’ in 32.5% (13/40) of the sampled population while 67.5% (27/40) of the sample population retained the nucleotide, ‘A’ which was significantly associated with dyslipidaemic outcomes in the study population (p = 0.0004). A total of 25 SNPs were identified in exons 5 and 6 of LPL; 22 were substitutions, and 3 were insertions. However, none of the 25 SNPs identified in LPL exon 5 and 6 were statistically significant. SNPs in LCAT may independently contribute to dyslipidaemia among Ghanaian HIV-infected individuals on HAART, thus, allowing genetic and/or functional differential diagnosis of dyslipidaemia and creating an opportunity for potentially preventive options.
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Zhao D, Gao F, Zhu H, Qian Z, Mao W, Yin Y, Chen D. Selenium-enriched Bifidobacterium longum DD98 relieves metabolic alterations and liver injuries associated with obesity in high-fat diet-fed mice. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Jiang J, Feng N, Zhang C, Liu F, Zhao J, Zhang H, Zhai Q, Chen W. Lactobacillus reuteri A9 and Lactobacillus mucosae A13 isolated from Chinese superlongevity people modulate lipid metabolism in a hypercholesterolemia rat model. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 366:5681392. [PMID: 31855230 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While there is strong evidence showing that many food-borne probiotics regulate cholesterol metabolism, few studies have examined how probiotics of human origin affect cholesterol metabolism. Because people living in so-called 'longevity villages' are unlikely to have hypercholesterolemia, we hypothesized that probiotics isolated from the residents would have cholesterol-reducing effects on rats with hypercholesterolemia. We isolated 16 strains of Lactobacillus from four longevity populations in China. The strains were tested in vitro for bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity and two isolates, Lactobacillus reuteri A9 and Lactobacillus mucosae A13, were screened out. These two strains were then administered daily for 28 d to rats fed a cholesterol-rich diet. The serum total cholesterol levels in the L. reuteri A9 and L. mucosae A13 groups decreased by 24.3% and 21.6%, respectively. The serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels decreased by 23.8% and 25.2%, respectively. The L. reuteri A9 and L. mucosae A13 groups also exhibited upregulated hepatic mRNA expression of Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (Srebp2) by 2.71-fold and 2.54-fold, respectively. The mRNA expression levels of hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr) in the two groups were significantly up-regulated by 1.28-fold and 2.17-fold, respectively. The composition of gut microbiota was recovered by oral gavage in both experimental groups, and the destroyed diversity of gut microbiota was relieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Ninghan Feng
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 68, Zhongshan Road, Liangxi District, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Fengping Liu
- Medical School, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.,Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.,(Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, No. 205, Linjiang Road, Guanglin District, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225004, P. R. China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics at Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Avenue, Binhu District, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, P. R. China.,Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), No. 11, Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
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Koubaa-Ghorbel F, Chaâbane M, Turki M, Makni-Ayadi F, El Feki A. The protective effects of Salvia officinalis essential oil compared to simvastatin against hyperlipidemia, liver, and kidney injuries in mice submitted to a high-fat diet. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13160. [PMID: 32010989 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of Salvia officinalis essential oil (SEO) and simvastatin in hyperlipidemic mice. Animals were randomly divided into four groups. The control group received a standard diet. The high-fat diet (HFD) group received HFD. The third and fourth groups received HFD associated either with simvastatin (2.5 mg/kg bw) or with SEO (4 mg/kg bw). All animals were sacrificed after 8 weeks of treatment. SEO and simvastatin reduced in HFD mice body weight gain, hyperlipidemia, disruption of liver and renal functions and reactive oxygen species production. In fact, total cholesterol, triglycerides, total lipids, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, as well as aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and lactate dehydrogenase activities were reduced, while fecal lipids increased compared to those of HFD mice. The lipid-lowering effect of SEO was more effective than that of simvastatin. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: High-fat diet provokes hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, and abnormal lipid metabolism leading to the development of hepatic and renal dysfunctions as well as perturbations of the antioxidant status in liver and kidney. The results of this research highlight the beneficial effects of SEO in the management of these disorders without inducing side effects; in fact, the plant essential oil decreased lipids and improved the antioxidant status more than did a synthetic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Koubaa-Ghorbel
- Animal Ecophysiology Laboratory, Sciences Faculty, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mariem Chaâbane
- Unit of Enzymes and Bioconversion, National Engineering School, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Turki
- Biochemistry Laboratory, CHU H. Bourguiba, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Makni-Ayadi
- Biochemistry Laboratory, CHU H. Bourguiba, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Abdelfattah El Feki
- Animal Ecophysiology Laboratory, Sciences Faculty, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Vanags LZ, Wong NKP, Nicholls SJ, Bursill CA. High-Density Lipoproteins and Apolipoprotein A-I Improve Stent Biocompatibility. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 38:1691-1701. [PMID: 29954755 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.310788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Revascularization because of coronary artery disease is commonly achieved by percutaneous coronary intervention with stent deployment. Refinement in interventional techniques, major improvements in stent design (particularly drug-eluting stents), and adjunctive pharmacotherapy with dual antiplatelet regimens have led to marked reductions in the overall rates of stent failure. However, even with the advancements made in the latest generation of drug-eluting stents, unresolved biological problems persist including delayed re-endothelialization and neoatherosclerosis, which can promote late expansion of the neointima and late stent thrombosis. Novel strategies are still needed beyond what is currently available to specifically address the pathobiological processes that underpin the residual risk for adverse clinical events. This review focuses on the emerging evidence that HDL (high-density lipoproteins) and its main apo (apolipoprotein), apoA-I, exhibit multiple vascular biological functions that are associated with an improvement in stent biocompatibility. HDL/apoA-I have recently been shown to inhibit in-stent restenosis in animal models of stenting and suppress smooth muscle cell proliferation in in vitro studies. Reconstituted HDL also promotes endothelial cell migration, endothelial progenitor cell mobilization, and re-endothelialization. Furthermore, reconstituted HDL decreases platelet activation and HDL cholesterol is inversely associated with the risk of thrombosis. Finally, reconstituted HDL/apoA-I suppresses key inflammatory mechanisms that initiate in-stent neoatherosclerosis and can efflux cholesterol from plaque macrophages, an important function of HDLs that prevents plaque progression. These unique multifunctional effects of HDL/apoA-I suggest that, if translated appropriately, have the potential to improve stent biocompatibility. This may provide an alternate and more efficacious therapeutic pathway for the translation of HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Z Vanags
- From the Immunobiology Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia (L.Z.V., N.K.P.W., C.A.B.).,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia (L.Z.V., N.K.P.W., C.A.B.)
| | - Nathan K P Wong
- From the Immunobiology Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia (L.Z.V., N.K.P.W., C.A.B.).,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia (L.Z.V., N.K.P.W., C.A.B.).,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide (N.K.P.W., S.J.N., C.A.B.)
| | - Stephen J Nicholls
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide (N.K.P.W., S.J.N., C.A.B.).,Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (S.J.N., C.A.B.)
| | - Christina A Bursill
- From the Immunobiology Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia (L.Z.V., N.K.P.W., C.A.B.).,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide (N.K.P.W., S.J.N., C.A.B.).,Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (S.J.N., C.A.B.)
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Janac J, Zeljkovic A, Jelic-Ivanovic Z, Dimitrijevic-Sreckovic V, Miljkovic M, Stefanovic A, Munjas J, Vekic J, Kotur-Stevuljevic J, Spasojević-Kalimanovska V. The association between lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity and fatty liver index. Ann Clin Biochem 2019; 56:583-592. [PMID: 31084205 DOI: 10.1177/0004563219853596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a frequent ailment with known complications, including those within the cardiovascular system. Associations between several indicators of high-density lipoprotein metabolism and function with clinical and laboratory parameters for the assessment of fatty liver index, a surrogate marker of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, were evaluated. Methods The study comprised 130 patients classified according to fatty liver index values: fatty liver index < 30, fatty liver index 30–59 (the intermediate group) and fatty liver index ⩾ 60. Lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase and cholesteryl ester transfer protein activities were determined. Paraoxonase 1 concentration and its activity, paraoxonase 3 concentration and high-density lipoprotein subclass distribution were assessed. Results Increased lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase activity correlated with increased fatty liver index ( P < 0.001). Paraoxonase 3 concentration was lower in the fatty liver index ⩾ 60 group compared with the fatty liver index < 30 group ( P < 0.05). Cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity, paraoxonase 1 concentration and its activity did not significantly differ across the fatty liver index groups. The relative proportion of small-sized high-density lipoprotein 3 subclass was higher in the fatty liver index ⩾ 60 group compared with the other two fatty liver index groups ( P < 0.01). Lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase activity positively associated with the fatty liver index ⩾ 60 group and remained significant after adjustment for other potential confounders. Only the triglyceride concentration remained significantly associated with lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase activity when the parameters that constitute the fatty liver index equation were examined. Conclusions Higher lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase activity is associated with elevated fatty liver index values. Significant independent association between triglycerides and lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase activity might indicate a role of hypertriglyceridaemia in alterations of lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase activity in individuals with elevated fatty liver index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Janac
- 1 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Zeljkovic
- 1 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorana Jelic-Ivanovic
- 1 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Dimitrijevic-Sreckovic
- 2 Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Miljkovic
- 1 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Stefanovic
- 1 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Munjas
- 1 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Vekic
- 1 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Kotur-Stevuljevic
- 1 Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Alaminos-Castillo MÁ, Ho-Plagaro A, García-Serrano S, Santiago-Fernandez C, Rodríguez-Pacheco F, Garrido-Sanchez L, Rodriguez C, Valdes S, Gonzalo M, Moreno-Ruiz FJ, Rodríguez-Cañete A, Montiel-Casado C, Garcia-Fuentes E. Increased PON lactonase activity in morbidly obese patients is associated with impaired lipid profile. Int J Clin Pract 2019; 73:e13315. [PMID: 30681756 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.13315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The paraoxonase-1 (PON1) enzyme could play an important role in the anti-oxidant capacity of high-density lipoprotein. However, there are no studies which analyse the evolution of the three activities of PON1 (PON arylesterase, PON paraoxonase and PON lactonase) after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) in morbidly obese subjects. We analysed the association of PON concentration and activities with the evolution of morbidly obese subjects who underwent RYGB, and its relationship with biochemical variables and different atherogenic indices. METHODS Twenty-seven non-obese and 82 morbidly obese subjects were studied before and 6 months after RYGB. RESULTS Before RYGB, morbidly obese subjects had a lower PON1 concentration (P < 0.05) and higher PON lactonase activity (P < 0.001) than non-obese subjects, with no differences in PON arylesterase and PON paraoxonase activities. After RYGB, PON1 concentration (P < 0.05) and PON lactonase activity (P < 0.001) decreased with regard to the presurgery state. PON lactonase activity correlated with the atherogenic index of plasma before (r = 0.19, P = 0.047) and after RYGB (r = 0.27, P = 0.035). In different multiple lineal regression analysis models, presurgery PON lactonase activity was associated with total cholesterol (β = 0.909, P < 0.001), LDL (β = 0.632, P = 0.006) and DBP (β = 0.230, P = 0.030) (R2 = 0.295), postsurgery PON lactonase activity was associated with esterified cholesterol (β = 0.362, P = 0.011) (R2 = 0.131), and the change (Δ) in PON lactonase activity after RYGB was associated with Δesterified cholesterol (β = 0.304, P = 0.030) (R2 = 0.093). CONCLUSIONS PON lactonase activity is associated with the presence of morbid obesity and with an impaired lipid profile. All associations found could indicate the relationship between PON lactonase activity and the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ailec Ho-Plagaro
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Sara García-Serrano
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas-CIBERDEM, Málaga, Spain
| | - Concepción Santiago-Fernandez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisca Rodríguez-Pacheco
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Lourdes Garrido-Sanchez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER Fisiología de la Obesidad y Nutrición-CIBEROBN, Málaga, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodriguez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Sergio Valdes
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas-CIBERDEM, Málaga, Spain
| | - Montserrat Gonzalo
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J Moreno-Ruiz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Cirugía General, Digestiva y Trasplantes, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Alberto Rodríguez-Cañete
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Cirugía General, Digestiva y Trasplantes, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Custodia Montiel-Casado
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Cirugía General, Digestiva y Trasplantes, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Eduardo Garcia-Fuentes
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga-IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
- CIBER Fisiología de la Obesidad y Nutrición-CIBEROBN, Málaga, Spain
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Abstract
The reduction of plasma apolipoprotein B (apoB) containing lipoproteins has long been pursued as the main modifiable risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This has led to an intense search for strategies aiming at reducing plasma apoB-lipoproteins, culminating in reduction of overall CV risk. Despite 3 decades of progress, CVD remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and, as such, new therapeutic targets are still warranted. Clinical and preclinical research has moved forward from the original concept, under which some lipids must be accumulated and other removed to achieve the ideal condition in disease prevention, into the concept that mechanisms that orchestrate lipid movement between lipoproteins, cells and organelles is equally involved in CVD. As such, this review scrutinizes potentially atherogenic changes in lipid trafficking and assesses the molecular mechanisms behind it. New developments in risk assessment and new targets for the mitigation of residual CVD risk are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei C Sposito
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory (Aterolab), State University of Campinas (Unicamp), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Joaquim Barreto
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory (Aterolab), State University of Campinas (Unicamp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ilaria Zanotti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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41
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Chi L, Tu P, Liu CW, Lai Y, Xue J, Ru H, Lu K. Chronic Arsenic Exposure Induces Oxidative Stress and Perturbs Serum Lysolipids and Fecal Unsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:1204-1211. [PMID: 31038932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chronic arsenic exposure from drinking water is a global public health issue, which is associated with numerous human diseases and influences millions of people worldwide. The effects of arsenic exposure to the metabolic networks remain elusive. Here, we exposed female C57BL/6J mice to 1 ppm inorganic arsenic in drinking water for 3 months to investigate how arsenic exposure perturbs serum and fecal metabolic profiles. We found decreased levels of serum compounds with antioxidative activities in arsenic-treated mice, in accordance with elevated oxidative stress indicated by higher urinary 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) levels. Moreover, the levels of multiple lysophosphatidylcholines (lysoPCs) were significantly increased in the sera of arsenic-exposed mice, including lysoPC (O-18:0), lysoPC (20:3), lysoPC (18:1), and lysoPC (22:6). Arsenic exposure perturbed the levels of several key polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the fecal samples in concert with alterations in related microbial pathways. Additionally, changes in the abundances of many functional metabolites, together with decreased levels of amino acids, were found in the fecal samples of arsenic-treated mice. By delineating the impact of arsenic exposure on the metabolic profiles, the findings may provide new biomarkers and mechanistic insights into arsenic-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Pengcheng Tu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Chih-Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Yunjia Lai
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Jingchuan Xue
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Hongyu Ru
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27607 , United States
| | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
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Law SH, Chan ML, Marathe GK, Parveen F, Chen CH, Ke LY. An Updated Review of Lysophosphatidylcholine Metabolism in Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051149. [PMID: 30845751 PMCID: PMC6429061 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 394] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is increasingly recognized as a key marker/factor positively associated with cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. However, findings from recent clinical lipidomic studies of LPC have been controversial. A key issue is the complexity of the enzymatic cascade involved in LPC metabolism. Here, we address the coordination of these enzymes and the derangement that may disrupt LPC homeostasis, leading to metabolic disorders. LPC is mainly derived from the turnover of phosphatidylcholine (PC) in the circulation by phospholipase A2 (PLA2). In the presence of Acyl-CoA, lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT) converts LPC to PC, which rapidly gets recycled by the Lands cycle. However, overexpression or enhanced activity of PLA2 increases the LPC content in modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and oxidized LDL, which play significant roles in the development of atherosclerotic plaques and endothelial dysfunction. The intracellular enzyme LPCAT cannot directly remove LPC from circulation. Hydrolysis of LPC by autotaxin, an enzyme with lysophospholipase D activity, generates lysophosphatidic acid, which is highly associated with cancers. Although enzymes with lysophospholipase A1 activity could theoretically degrade LPC into harmless metabolites, they have not been found in the circulation. In conclusion, understanding enzyme kinetics and LPC metabolism may help identify novel therapeutic targets in LPC-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Hui Law
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Lin Chan
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, MacKay Medical College, Taipei 10449, Taiwan.
| | - Gopal K Marathe
- Department of Studies in Biochemistry, Manasagangothri, University of Mysore, Mysore-570006, India.
| | - Farzana Parveen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Chu-Huang Chen
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Vascular and Medicinal Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Liang-Yin Ke
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Center for Lipid Biosciences, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
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Yu XH, Zhang DW, Zheng XL, Tang CK. Cholesterol transport system: An integrated cholesterol transport model involved in atherosclerosis. Prog Lipid Res 2018; 73:65-91. [PMID: 30528667 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the pathological basis of most cardiovascular disease (CVD), is closely associated with cholesterol accumulation in the arterial intima. Excessive cholesterol is removed by the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) pathway, representing a major antiatherogenic mechanism. In addition to the RCT, other pathways are required for maintaining the whole-body cholesterol homeostasis. Thus, we propose a working model of integrated cholesterol transport, termed the cholesterol transport system (CTS), to describe body cholesterol metabolism. The novel model not only involves the classical view of RCT but also contains other steps, such as cholesterol absorption in the small intestine, low-density lipoprotein uptake by the liver, and transintestinal cholesterol excretion. Extensive studies have shown that dysfunctional CTS is one of the major causes for hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. Currently, several drugs are available to improve the CTS efficiently. There are also several therapeutic approaches that have entered into clinical trials and shown considerable promise for decreasing the risk of CVD. In recent years, a variety of novel findings reveal the molecular mechanisms for the CTS and its role in the development of atherosclerosis, thereby providing novel insights into the understanding of whole-body cholesterol transport and metabolism. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in this area with an emphasis on the therapeutic potential of targeting the CTS in CVD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hua Yu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Sciences Center, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Experiment Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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44
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Changes in lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase, cholesteryl ester transfer protein and paraoxonase-1 activities in patients with colorectal cancer. Clin Biochem 2018; 63:32-38. [PMID: 30500525 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies revealed decreased level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) as important factor for development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Quantity and structure of HDL particles depend on activities of lipid transfer proteins lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), but this topic is largely unexplored in CRC. The main objective of this study was to investigate activities of LCAT and CETP in patients with CRC. Additionally, we analyzed activity of paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), as a main carrier of HDL-antioxidant function. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-nine CRC patients and 101 healthy individuals were included. LCAT and CETP activities were assessed by measuring rates of formation and transfer of cholesteryl esters. PON-1 paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were measured. RESULTS Lower levels of HDL-C (p < .001) were observed in cohort of patients, alongside with decreased LCAT (p < .050) and increased CETP activity (p < .050). Both PON-1 activities were diminished in CRC (p < .050 and p < .001 respectively). Univariate logistic regression singled out HDL-C level (OR = 0.218, p < .001), CETP activity (OR = 1.010, p < .01) and mass (OR = 0.994, p < .001) as possible markers of elevated CRC risk. CETP mass maintained its predictive significance when adjusted for traditional risk factors and level of oxidative stress (OR = 0.993, p < .001; OR = 0.982, p < .050, respectively). CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated increased CETP and decreased LCAT and PON-1 activities in CRC patients. In preliminary analysis CETP mass was identified as potential significant predictor of CRC development, suggesting that alterations in HDL-C levels, alongside with changes in HDL structure might have a role in carcinogenesis.
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45
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Gerl MJ, Vaz WLC, Domingues N, Klose C, Surma MA, Sampaio JL, Almeida MS, Rodrigues G, Araújo-Gonçalves P, Ferreira J, Borbinha C, Marto JP, Viana-Baptista M, Simons K, Vieira OV. Cholesterol is Inefficiently Converted to Cholesteryl Esters in the Blood of Cardiovascular Disease Patients. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14764. [PMID: 30282999 PMCID: PMC6170447 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33116-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Shotgun lipidomic analysis of 203 lipids in 13 lipid classes performed on blood plasma of donors who had just suffered an acute coronary syndrome (ACS, n = 74), or an ischemic stroke (IS, n = 21), or who suffer from stable angina pectoris (SAP, n = 78), and an age-matched control cohort (n = 52), showed some of the highest inter-lipid class correlations between cholesteryl esters (CE) and phosphatidylcholines (PC) sharing a common fatty acid. The concentration of lysophospatidylcholine (LPC) and ratios of concentrations of CE to free cholesterol (Chol) were also lower in the CVD cohorts than in the control cohort, indicating a deficient conversion of Chol to CE in the blood plasma in the CVD subjects. A non-equilibrium reaction quotient, Q′, describing the global homeostasis of cholesterol as manifested in the blood plasma was shown to have a value in the CVD cohorts (Q′ACS = 0.217 ± 0.084; Q′IS = 0.201 ± 0.084; Q′SAP = 0.220 ± 0.071) that was about one third less than in the control cohort (Q′Control = 0.320 ± 0.095, p < 1 × 10−4), suggesting its potential use as a rapid predictive/diagnostic measure of CVD-related irregularities in cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Winchil L C Vaz
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Neuza Domingues
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | | | - Júlio L Sampaio
- Lipotype GmbH, Tatzberg 47, 01307, Dresden, Germany.,Centre de Recherche, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Manuel S Almeida
- Hospital Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Av. Prof. Dr. Reinaldo dos Santos, 2790-134, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - Gustavo Rodrigues
- Hospital Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Av. Prof. Dr. Reinaldo dos Santos, 2790-134, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - Pedro Araújo-Gonçalves
- Hospital Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Av. Prof. Dr. Reinaldo dos Santos, 2790-134, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - Jorge Ferreira
- Hospital Santa Cruz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Av. Prof. Dr. Reinaldo dos Santos, 2790-134, Carnaxide, Portugal
| | - Claudia Borbinha
- Neurology Department, Hospital Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Rua da Junqueira 126, 1349-019, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Pedro Marto
- Neurology Department, Hospital Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Rua da Junqueira 126, 1349-019, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel Viana-Baptista
- Neurology Department, Hospital Egas Moniz, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Rua da Junqueira 126, 1349-019, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Kai Simons
- Lipotype GmbH, Tatzberg 47, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Otilia V Vieira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal.
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46
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Kosmas CE, Silverio D, Sourlas A, Garcia F, Montan PD, Guzman E. Primary genetic disorders affecting high density lipoprotein (HDL). Drugs Context 2018; 7:212546. [PMID: 30214464 PMCID: PMC6135231 DOI: 10.7573/dic.212546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
There is extensive evidence demonstrating that there is a clear inverse correlation between plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration and cardiovascular disease (CVD). On the other hand, there is also extensive evidence that HDL functionality plays a very important role in atheroprotection. Thus, genetic disorders altering certain enzymes, lipid transfer proteins, or specific receptors crucial for the metabolism and adequate function of HDL, may positively or negatively affect the HDL-C levels and/or HDL functionality and subsequently either provide protection or predispose to atherosclerotic disease. This review aims to describe certain genetic disorders associated with either low or high plasma HDL-C and discuss their clinical features, associated risk for cardiovascular events, and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantine E Kosmas
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Delia Silverio
- Cardiology Clinic, Cardiology Unlimited, PC, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Frank Garcia
- Cardiology Clinic, Cardiology Unlimited, PC, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter D Montan
- Cardiology Clinic, Cardiology Unlimited, PC, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eliscer Guzman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
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47
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Dong Z, Shi H, Zhao M, Zhang X, Huang W, Wang Y, Zheng L, Xian X, Liu G. Loss of LCAT activity in the golden Syrian hamster elicits pro-atherogenic dyslipidemia and enhanced atherosclerosis. Metabolism 2018. [PMID: 29526535 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) plays a pivotal role in HDL metabolism but its influence on atherosclerosis remains controversial for decades both in animal and clinical studies. Because lack of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is a major difference between murine and humans in lipoprotein metabolism, we aimed to create a novel Syrian Golden hamster model deficient in LCAT activity, which expresses endogenous CETP, to explore its metabolic features and particularly the influence of LCAT on the development of atherosclerosis. METHODS CRISPR/CAS9 gene editing system was employed to generate mutant LCAT hamsters. The characteristics of lipid metabolism and the development of atherosclerosis in the mutant hamsters were investigated using various conventional methods in comparison with wild type control animals. RESULTS Hamsters lacking LCAT activity exhibited pro-atherogenic dyslipidemia as diminished high density lipoprotein (HDL) and ApoAI, hypertriglyceridemia, Chylomicron/VLDL accumulation and significantly increased ApoB100/48. Mechanistic study for hypertriglyceridemia revealed impaired LPL-mediated lipolysis and increased very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion, with upregulation of hepatic genes involved in lipid synthesis and transport. The pro-atherogenic dyslipidemia in mutant hamsters was exacerbated after high fat diet feeding, ultimately leading to near a 3- and 5-fold increase in atherosclerotic lesions by aortic en face and sinus lesion quantitation, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that LCAT deficiency in hamsters develops pro-atherogenic dyslipidemia and promotes atherosclerotic lesion formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Dong
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Haozhe Shi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mingming Zhao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Hebei Invivo Biotech Co., Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lemin Zheng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xunde Xian
- Department of Molecular Genetics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - George Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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48
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Molecular dynamics simulations of lipid nanodiscs. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:2094-2107. [PMID: 29729280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A lipid nanodisc is a discoidal lipid bilayer stabilized by proteins, peptides, or polymers on its edge. Nanodiscs have two important connections to structural biology. The first is associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL), a particle with a variety of functionalities including lipid transport. Nascent HDL (nHDL) is a nanodisc stabilized by Apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1). Determining the structure of APOA1 and its mimetic peptides in nanodiscs is crucial to understanding pathologies related to HDL maturation and designing effective therapies. Secondly, nanodiscs offer non-detergent membrane-mimicking environments and greatly facilitate structural studies of membrane proteins. Although seemingly similar, natural and synthetic nanodiscs are different in that nHDL is heterogeneous in size, due to APOA1 elasticity, and gradually matures to become spherical. Synthetic nanodiscs, in contrast, should be homogenous, stable, and size-tunable. This report reviews previous molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies of nanodiscs and illustrates convergence and accuracy issues using results from new multi-microsecond atomistic MD simulations. These new simulations reveal that APOA1 helices take 10-20 μs to rearrange on the nanodisc, while peptides take 2 μs to migrate from the disc surfaces to the edge. These systems can also become kinetically trapped depending on the initial conditions. For example, APOA1 was trapped in a biologically irrelevant conformation for the duration of a 10 μs trajectory; the peptides were similarly trapped for 5 μs. It therefore remains essential to validate MD simulations of these systems with experiments due to convergence and accuracy issues. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Emergence of Complex Behavior in Biomembranes edited by Marjorie Longo.
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Di Natale C, Monaco A, Pedone C, Tessitore A, De Mase A, Tedeschi G, Netti PA, Abrescia P. The level of 24-hydroxycholesteryl esters decreases in plasma of patients with Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett 2018; 672:108-112. [PMID: 29486288 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
24-hydroxycholesterol (24OH-C) is synthesized almost exclusively in neurons. This oxysterol is mostly present as ester form in both cerebrospinal fluid and plasma. The enzyme lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase esterifies 24OH-C in the brain, and the level of 24OH-C esters in cerebrospinal fluid was found to be correlated with the level of 24OH-C esters in plasma. Decreased levels of 24OH-C esters levels were previously found in Alzheimer's disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. This finding was attributed to the inhibitory effect of oxidative stress on lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity in neurodegenerative conditions. Data reported here show that the plasma level of 24OH-C esters is decreased also in Parkinson's disease. ROC analysis identified 69.0% of 24OH-C esterification as the threshold (AUC = 0.98) discriminating patients (N = 19) from healthy subjects (N = 19) with 100% specificity vs controls, 89.5% sensitivity, 94.7% accuracy, and 100% precision. The level of 24OH-C esters was not correlated with UPDRS I or UPDRS III when evaluated at the time of blood sampling. By contrast, it was negatively correlated with UPDRS I (r = -0.4984, p = 0.0299) after one year of follow up. Therefore, this level might represent a novel biomarker of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. The biomarker level is here proposed as a measure to evaluate the severity of disease, as well as to monitor the progression of this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Di Natale
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, via Mezzocannone 8, 80134 Naples, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Monaco
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, via Mezzocannone 8, 80134 Naples, Italy.
| | - Carlo Pedone
- TRASE S.R.L., via Mezzocannone 8, 80134 Naples, Italy; CIRPEB (Interuniversity Center for Research on Bioactive Peptides), University of Naples Federico II, via Mezzocannone 8, 80134 Naples, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Tessitore
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonio De Mase
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Gioacchino Tedeschi
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Paolo Antonio Netti
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Largo Barsanti e Matteucci 53, 80125 Naples, Italy; Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB) and Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy.
| | - Paolo Abrescia
- TRASE S.R.L., via Mezzocannone 8, 80134 Naples, Italy; CIRPEB (Interuniversity Center for Research on Bioactive Peptides), University of Naples Federico II, via Mezzocannone 8, 80134 Naples, Italy.
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50
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Casteleijn MG, Parkkila P, Viitala T, Koivuniemi A. Interaction of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase with lipid surfaces and apolipoprotein A-I-derived peptides. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:670-683. [PMID: 29438987 PMCID: PMC5880497 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m082685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
LCAT is an enzyme responsible for the formation of cholesteryl esters from unesterified cholesterol (UC) and phospholipid (PL) molecules in HDL particles. However, it is poorly understood how LCAT interacts with lipoproteins and how apoA-I activates it. Here we have studied the interactions between LCAT and lipids through molecular simulations. In addition, we studied the binding of LCAT to apoA-I-derived peptides, and their effect on LCAT lipid association-utilizing experiments. Results show that LCAT anchors itself to lipoprotein surfaces by utilizing nonpolar amino acids located in the membrane-binding domain and the active site tunnel opening. Meanwhile, the membrane-anchoring hydrophobic amino acids attract cholesterol molecules next to them. The results also highlight the role of the lid-loop in the lipid binding and conformation of LCAT with respect to the lipid surface. The apoA-I-derived peptides from the LCAT-activating region bind to LCAT and promote its lipid surface interactions, although some of these peptides do not bind lipids individually. The transfer free-energy of PL from the lipid bilayer into the active site is consistent with the activation energy of LCAT. Furthermore, the entry of UC molecules into the active site becomes highly favorable by the acylation of SER181.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco G Casteleijn
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petteri Parkkila
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tapani Viitala
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Artturi Koivuniemi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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