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Huber M, de Boer HJ, Romanowski A, van Veen H, Buti S, Kahlon PS, van der Meijden J, Koch J, Pierik R. Far-red light enrichment affects gene expression and architecture as well as growth and photosynthesis in rice. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:2936-2953. [PMID: 38629324 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Plants use light as a resource and signal. Photons within the 400-700 nm waveband are considered photosynthetically active. Far-red photons (FR, 700-800 nm) are used by plants to detect nearby vegetation and elicit the shade avoidance syndrome. In addition, FR photons have also been shown to contribute to photosynthesis, but knowledge about these dual effects remains scarce. Here, we study shoot-architectural and photosynthetic responses to supplemental FR light during the photoperiod in several rice varieties. We observed that FR enrichment only mildly affected the rice transcriptome and shoot architecture as compared to established model species, whereas leaf formation, tillering and biomass accumulation were clearly promoted. Consistent with this growth promotion, we found that CO2-fixation in supplemental FR was strongly enhanced, especially in plants acclimated to FR-enriched conditions as compared to control conditions. This growth promotion dominates the effects of FR photons on shoot development and architecture. When substituting FR enrichment with an end-of-day FR pulse, this prevented photosynthesis-promoting effects and elicited shade avoidance responses. We conclude that FR photons can have a dual role, where effects depend on the environmental context: in addition to being an environmental signal, they are also a potent source of harvestable energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Huber
- Plant-Environment Signalling, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo Jan de Boer
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrés Romanowski
- Plant-Environment Signalling, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans van Veen
- Plant-Environment Signalling, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Plant Stress Resilience, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Buti
- Plant-Environment Signalling, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Parvinderdeep S Kahlon
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jannes van der Meijden
- Plant-Environment Signalling, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Koch
- Plant-Environment Signalling, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Pierik
- Plant-Environment Signalling, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Ladux FJ, González CV, Trentacoste ER, Searles PS, Rousseaux MC. Morphological and Pigment Responses to Far-Red and Photosynthetically Active Radiation in an Olive Cultivar Suitable for Super-High-Density Orchards. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1822. [PMID: 38999661 DOI: 10.3390/plants13131822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Plant density is increasing in modern olive orchards to improve yields and facilitate mechanical harvesting. However, greater density can reduce light quantity and modify its quality. The objective was to evaluate plant morphology, biomass, and photosynthetic pigments under different red/far-red ratios and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) combinations in an olive cultivar common to super-high-density orchards. In a greenhouse, young olive trees (cv. Arbequina) were exposed to low (L) or high (H) PAR with or without lateral FR supplementation (L+FR, L-FR, H+FR, H-FR) using neutral-density shade cloth and FR light-emitting diode (LED) modules. Total plant and individual organ biomass were much lower in plants under low PAR than under high PAR, with no response to +FR supplementation. In contrast, several plant morphological traits, such as main stem elongation, individual leaf area, and leaf angle, did respond to both low PAR and +FR. Total chlorophyll content decreased with +FR when PAR was low, but not when PAR was high (i.e., a significant FR*PAR interaction). When evaluating numerous plant traits together, a greater response to +FR under low PAR than under high PAR appeared to occur. These findings suggest that consideration of light quality in addition to quantity facilitates a fuller understanding of olive tree responses to a light environment. The +FR responses found here could lead to changes in hedgerow architecture and light distribution within the hedgerow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico J Ladux
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja (CRILAR-Provincia de La Rioja-UNLaR-SEGEMAR-UNCa-CONICET), Entre Ríos y Mendoza s/n, Anillaco 5301, La Rioja, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales (DACEF y N), Universidad Nacional de La Rioja, Av. Luis M. De la Fuente s/n, Ciudad Universitaria de la Ciencia y de la Técnica, La Rioja 5300, La Rioja, Argentina
| | - Carina V González
- Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza (IBAM), FCA UNCuyo-CONICET, Almirante Brown 500, Chacras de Coria, Luján de Cuyo 5505, Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Almirante Brown 500, Chacras de Coria, Luján de Cuyo 5505, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Eduardo R Trentacoste
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria La Consulta, Mendoza 5567, Argentina
| | - Peter S Searles
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja (CRILAR-Provincia de La Rioja-UNLaR-SEGEMAR-UNCa-CONICET), Entre Ríos y Mendoza s/n, Anillaco 5301, La Rioja, Argentina
| | - M Cecilia Rousseaux
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja (CRILAR-Provincia de La Rioja-UNLaR-SEGEMAR-UNCa-CONICET), Entre Ríos y Mendoza s/n, Anillaco 5301, La Rioja, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales (DACEF y N), Universidad Nacional de La Rioja, Av. Luis M. De la Fuente s/n, Ciudad Universitaria de la Ciencia y de la Técnica, La Rioja 5300, La Rioja, Argentina
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Lee N, Shim JS, Kang MK, Kwon M. Insight from expression profiles of FT orthologs in plants: conserved photoperiodic transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1397714. [PMID: 38887456 PMCID: PMC11180818 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1397714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Floral transition from the vegetative to the reproductive stages is precisely regulated by both environmental and endogenous signals. Among these signals, photoperiod is one of the most important environmental factors for onset of flowering. A florigen, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) in Arabidopsis, has thought to be a major hub in the photoperiod-dependent flowering time regulation. Expression levels of FT likely correlates with potence of flowering. Under long days (LD), FT is mainly synthesized in leaves, and FT protein moves to shoot apical meristem (SAM) where it functions and in turns induces flowering. Recently, it has been reported that Arabidopsis grown under natural LD condition flowers earlier than that grown under laboratory LD condition, in which a red (R)/far-red (FR) ratio of light sources determines FT expression levels. Additionally, FT expression profile changes in response to combinatorial effects of FR light and photoperiod. FT orthologs exist in most of plants and functions are thought to be conserved. Although molecular mechanisms underlying photoperiodic transcriptional regulation of FT orthologs have been studied in several plants, such as rice, however, dynamics in expression profiles of FT orthologs have been less spotlighted. This review aims to revisit previously reported but overlooked expression information of FT orthologs from various plant species and classify these genes depending on the expression profiles. Plants, in general, could be classified into three groups depending on their photoperiodic flowering responses. Thus, we discuss relationship between photoperiodic responsiveness and expression of FT orthologs. Additionally, we also highlight the expression profiles of FT orthologs depending on their activities in flowering. Comparative analyses of diverse plant species will help to gain insight into molecular mechanisms for flowering in nature, and this can be utilized in the future for crop engineering to improve yield by controlling flowering time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayoung Lee
- Research Institute of Molecular Alchemy (RIMA), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sung Shim
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyoung Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Anti-aging Bio Cell factory Regional Leading Research Center (ABC-RLRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonhyuk Kwon
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), ABC-RLRC, RIMA, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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Sun F, Cheng H, Song Z, Yan H, Liu H, Xiao X, Zhang Z, Luo M, Wu F, Lu J, Luo K, Wei H. Phytochrome-interacting factors play shared and distinct roles in regulating shade avoidance responses in Populus trees. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:2058-2073. [PMID: 38404129 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Plants adjust their growth and development in response to changing light caused by canopy shade. The molecular mechanisms underlying shade avoidance responses have been widely studied in Arabidopsis and annual crop species, yet the shade avoidance signalling in woody perennial trees remains poorly understood. Here, we first showed that PtophyB1/2 photoreceptors serve conserved roles in attenuating the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) in poplars. Next, we conducted a systematic identification and characterization of eight PtoPIF genes in Populus tomentosa. Knocking out different PtoPIFs led to attenuated shade responses to varying extents, whereas overexpression of PtoPIFs, particularly PtoPIF3.1 and PtoPIF3.2, led to constitutive SAS phenotypes under normal light and enhanced SAS responses under simulated shade. Notably, our results revealed that distinct from Arabidopsis PIF4 and PIF5, which are major regulators of SAS, the Populus homologues PtoPIF4.1 and PtoPIF4.2 seem to play a minor role in controlling shade responses. Moreover, we showed that PtoPIF3.1/3.2 could directly activate the expression of the auxin biosynthetic gene PtoYUC8 in response to shade, suggesting a conserved PIF-YUC-auxin pathway in modulating SAS in tree. Overall, our study provides insights into shared and divergent functions of PtoPIF members in regulating various aspects of the SAS in Populus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongli Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Song
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huiting Yan
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huajie Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingyue Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mengting Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feier Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Keming Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongbin Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Willige BC, Yoo CY, Saldierna Guzmán JP. What is going on inside of phytochrome B photobodies? THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:2065-2085. [PMID: 38511271 PMCID: PMC11132900 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Plants exhibit an enormous phenotypic plasticity to adjust to changing environmental conditions. For this purpose, they have evolved mechanisms to detect and measure biotic and abiotic factors in their surroundings. Phytochrome B exhibits a dual function, since it serves as a photoreceptor for red and far-red light as well as a thermosensor. In 1999, it was first reported that phytochromes not only translocate into the nucleus but also form subnuclear foci upon irradiation by red light. It took more than 10 years until these phytochrome speckles received their name; these foci were coined photobodies to describe unique phytochrome-containing subnuclear domains that are regulated by light. Since their initial discovery, there has been much speculation about the significance and function of photobodies. Their presumed roles range from pure experimental artifacts to waste deposits or signaling hubs. In this review, we summarize the newest findings about the meaning of phyB photobodies for light and temperature signaling. Recent studies have established that phyB photobodies are formed by liquid-liquid phase separation via multivalent interactions and that they provide diverse functions as biochemical hotspots to regulate gene expression on multiple levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Christopher Willige
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Chan Yul Yoo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jessica Paola Saldierna Guzmán
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
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Marie TRJG, Leonardos ED, Rana N, Grodzinski B. Tomato and mini-cucumber tolerance to photoperiodic injury involves photorespiration and the engagement of nighttime cyclic electron flow from dynamic LEDs. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1384518. [PMID: 38841277 PMCID: PMC11150841 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1384518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Controlled environment agriculture (CEA) is critical for achieving year-round food security in many regions of the world. CEA is a resource-intensive endeavor, with lighting consuming a large fraction of the energy. To lessen the burden on the grid and save costs, an extended photoperiod strategy can take advantage of off-peak time-of-day options from utility suppliers. However, extending the photoperiod limits crop production morphologically and physiologically if pushed too long. Here, we present a continuous-light dynamic light-emitting diode (LED) strategy (involving changes in spectra, intensity, and timing), that overcomes these limitations. We focused on tomato, a well described photoperiodic injury-sensitive species, and mini-cucumber, a photoperiodic injury-tolerant species to first assess morphological responses under control (16-h photoperiod, unchanging spectrum), constant (24-h photoperiod, unchanging spectrum), and two variations of a dynamic LED strategy, dynamic 1 (16-h "day", 3-h "peak", 8-h "night" spectra) and dynamic 2 (20-h "day", 5-h "peak", 4-h "night" spectra). Next, we tested the hypothesis of photorespiration's involvement in photoperiodic injury by using a leaf gas exchange coupled with chlorophyll fluorescence protocol. We further explored Adenosine triphosphate (ATP): Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) ratio supply/demand responses by probing photosynthetic electron flow and proton flow with the MultispeQ instrument. We found canopy architecture can be tuned by minor variations of the same dynamic LED strategy, and we highlight dynamic 1 as the optimal choice for both tomato and mini-cucumber as it improved biomass/architecture and first-yield, respectively. A central discovery was that dynamic 1 had a significantly higher level of photorespiration than control, for both species. Unexpectedly, photorespiration was comparable between species under the same treatments, except under constant. However, preliminary data on a fully tolerant tomato genotype grown under constant treatment upregulated photorespiration similar to mini-cucumber. These results suggest that photoperiodic injury tolerance involves a sustained higher level of photorespiration under extended photoperiods. Interestingly, diurnal MultispeQ measurements point to the importance of cyclic electron flow at subjective nighttime that may also partially explain why dynamic LED strategies mitigate photoperiodic injury. We propose an ontology of photoperiodic injury involving photorespiration, triose phosphate utilization, peroxisomal H2O2-catalase balance, and a circadian external coincidence model of sensitivity that initiates programmed cell death.
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Zhu X, Zhang S, Ye S. Does Mn 2+-Mn 2+ Spin-Exchange Interaction Involve Mn 2+ Luminescence of Mn 2+-Doped/Concentrated Materials? J Phys Chem Lett 2024:2804-2814. [PMID: 38440997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Mn2+-doped luminescent quantum dots play a vital role in the fields of optoelectronic materials and devices. The presence of five unpaired d electrons in Mn2+ ions facilitates spin-exchange interactions, profoundly influencing the spin state of the exciton and thereby impacting the optical behaviors. However, the involvement and specific effects of spin-exchange interactions on optical properties of Mn2+ in insulating bulk phosphors remain a subject of controversy, attributed to the scarcity of solid evidence and the interference of various factors. In this Perspective, we delve into the fundamentals and recent advancements concerning the Mn2+-Mn2+ spin-exchange interaction in Mn2+ luminescent materials. The discussion encompasses various aspects, such as types of magnetic coupling, the coupling mechanism in optical ground state and excited state, as well as effective measures for verification. This Perspective underscores the existing knowledge gaps in Mn2+-doped bulk phosphors, highlighting significant opportunities for further exploration and advancement in both fundamental and applied research within this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Shi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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Han R, Ma L, Terzaghi W, Guo Y, Li J. Molecular mechanisms underlying coordinated responses of plants to shade and environmental stresses. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:1893-1913. [PMID: 38289877 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) is triggered by a low ratio of red (R) to far-red (FR) light (R/FR ratio), which is caused by neighbor detection and/or canopy shade. In order to compete for the limited light, plants elongate hypocotyls and petioles by deactivating phytochrome B (phyB), a major R light photoreceptor, thus releasing its inhibition of the growth-promoting transcription factors PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORs. Under natural conditions, plants must cope with abiotic stresses such as drought, soil salinity, and extreme temperatures, and biotic stresses such as pathogens and pests. Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to simultaneously deal with multiple environmental stresses. In this review, we will summarize recent major advances in our understanding of how plants coordinately respond to shade and environmental stresses, and will also discuss the important questions for future research. A deep understanding of how plants synergistically respond to shade together with abiotic and biotic stresses will facilitate the design and breeding of new crop varieties with enhanced tolerance to high-density planting and environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - William Terzaghi
- Department of Biology, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, 18766, USA
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Favre P, van Schaik E, Schorderet M, Yerly F, Reinhardt D. Regulation of tissue growth in plants - A mathematical modeling study on shade avoidance response in Arabidopsis hypocotyls. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1285655. [PMID: 38486850 PMCID: PMC10938469 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1285655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Plant growth is a plastic phenomenon controlled both by endogenous genetic programs and by environmental cues. The embryonic stem, the hypocotyl, is an ideal model system for the quantitative study of growth due to its relatively simple geometry and cellular organization, and to its essentially unidirectional growth pattern. The hypocotyl of Arabidopsis thaliana has been studied particularly well at the molecular-genetic level and at the cellular level, and it is the model of choice for analysis of the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS), a growth reaction that allows plants to compete with neighboring plants for light. During SAS, hypocotyl growth is controlled primarily by the growth hormone auxin, which stimulates cell expansion without the involvement of cell division. Methods We assessed hypocotyl growth at cellular resolution in Arabidopsis mutants defective in auxin transport and biosynthesis and we designed a mathematical auxin transport model based on known polar and non-polar auxin transporters (ABCB1, ABCB19, and PINs) and on factors that control auxin homeostasis in the hypocotyl. In addition, we introduced into the model biophysical properties of the cell types based on precise cell wall measurements. Results and Discussion Our model can generate the observed cellular growth patterns based on auxin distribution along the hypocotyl resulting from production in the cotyledons, transport along the hypocotyl, and general turnover of auxin. These principles, which resemble the features of mathematical models of animal morphogen gradients, allow to generate robust shallow auxin gradients as they are expected to exist in tissues that exhibit quantitative auxin-driven tissue growth, as opposed to the sharp auxin maxima generated by patterning mechanisms in plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Favre
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Evert van Schaik
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Florence Yerly
- Haute école d’ingénierie et d’architecture Fribourg, Haute Ecole Spécialisée de Suisse Occidentale (HES-SO), University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Didier Reinhardt
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Kaur H, Manchanda P, Sidhu GS, Chhuneja P. Genome-wide identification and characterization of flowering genes in Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck: a comparison among C. Medica L., C. Reticulata Blanco, C. Grandis (L.) Osbeck and C. Clementina. BMC Genom Data 2024; 25:20. [PMID: 38378481 PMCID: PMC10880302 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-024-01201-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flowering plays an important role in completing the reproductive cycle of plants and obtaining next generation of plants. In case of citrus, it may take more than a year to achieve progeny. Therefore, in order to fasten the breeding processes, the juvenility period needs to be reduced. The juvenility in plants is regulated by set of various flowering genes. The citrus fruit and leaves possess various medicinal properties and are subjected to intensive breeding programs to produce hybrids with improved quality traits. In order to break juvenility in Citrus, it is important to study the role of flowering genes. The present study involved identification of genes regulating flowering in Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck via homology based approach. The structural and functional characterization of these genes would help in targeting genome editing techniques to induce mutations in these genes for producing desirable results. RESULTS A total of 43 genes were identified which were located on all the 9 chromosomes of citrus. The in-silico analysis was performed to determine the genetic structure, conserved motifs, cis-regulatory elements (CREs) and phylogenetic relationship of the genes. A total of 10 CREs responsible for flowering were detected in 33 genes and 8 conserved motifs were identified in all the genes. The protein structure, protein-protein interaction network and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis was performed to study the functioning of these genes which revealed the involvement of flowering proteins in circadian rhythm pathways. The gene ontology (GO) and gene function analysis was performed to functionally annotate the genes. The structure of the genes and proteins were also compared among other Citrus species to study the evolutionary relationship among them. The expression study revealed the expression of flowering genes in floral buds and ovaries. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the flowering genes were highly expressed in bud stage, fully grown flower and early stage of fruit development. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggested that the flowering genes were highly conserved in citrus species. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed the tissue specific expression of flowering genes (CsFT, CsCO, CsSOC, CsAP, CsSEP and CsLFY) which would help in easy detection and targeting of genes through various forward and reverse genetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harleen Kaur
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141001, Punjab, India
| | - Pooja Manchanda
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141001, Punjab, India.
| | - Gurupkar S Sidhu
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141001, Punjab, India
| | - Parveen Chhuneja
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141001, Punjab, India
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11
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Grunwald Y, Yaaran A, Moshelion M. Illuminating plant water dynamics: the role of light in leaf hydraulic regulation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1404-1414. [PMID: 38155452 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Light intensity and quality influence photosynthesis directly but also have an indirect effect by increasing stomatal apertures and enhancing gas exchange. Consequently, in areas such as the upper canopy, a high water demand for transpiration and temperature regulation is created. This paper explores how light intensity and the natural high Blue-Light (BL) : Red-Light (RL) ratio in these areas, is important for controlling leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf ) by BL signal transduction, increasing water permeability in cells surrounding the vascular tissue, in supporting the enormous water demands. Conversely, shaded inner-canopy areas receive less radiation, have lower water and cooling demands, and exhibit reduced Kleaf due to diminished intensity and BL induction. Intriguingly, shaded leaves display higher water-use efficiency (compared with upper-canopy) due to decreased transpiration and cooling requirements while the presence of RL supports photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Grunwald
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
- The Plant & Environmental Sciences Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7632706, Israel
| | - Adi Yaaran
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
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12
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Chen S, Fan X, Song M, Yao S, Liu T, Ding W, Liu L, Zhang M, Zhan W, Yan L, Sun G, Li H, Wang L, Zhang K, Jia X, Yang Q, Yang J. Cryptochrome 1b represses gibberellin signaling to enhance lodging resistance in maize. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:902-917. [PMID: 37934825 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important crops worldwide. Photoperiod, light quality, and light intensity in the environment can affect the growth, development, yield, and quality of maize. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), cryptochromes are blue-light receptors that mediate the photocontrol of stem elongation, leaf expansion, shade tolerance, and photoperiodic flowering. However, the function of maize cryptochrome ZmCRY in maize architecture and photomorphogenic development remains largely elusive. The ZmCRY1b transgene product can activate the light signaling pathway in Arabidopsis and complement the etiolation phenotype of the cry1-304 mutant. Our findings show that the loss-of-function mutant of ZmCRY1b in maize exhibits more etiolation phenotypes under low blue light and appears slender in the field compared with wild-type plants. Under blue and white light, overexpression of ZmCRY1b in maize substantially inhibits seedling etiolation and shade response by enhancing protein accumulation of the bZIP transcription factors ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (ZmHY5) and ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5-LIKE (ZmHY5L), which directly upregulate the expression of genes encoding gibberellin (GA) 2-oxidase to deactivate GA and repress plant height. More interestingly, ZmCRY1b enhances lodging resistance by reducing plant and ear heights and promoting root growth in both inbred lines and hybrids. In conclusion, ZmCRY1b contributes blue-light signaling upon seedling de-etiolation and integrates light signals with the GA metabolic pathway in maize, resulting in lodging resistance and providing information for improving maize varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhan Chen
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaocong Fan
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Meifang Song
- Institute of Radiation Technology, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100875, China
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shuaitao Yao
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Tong Liu
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Wusi Ding
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Menglan Zhang
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Weimin Zhan
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guanghua Sun
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Hongdan Li
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lijian Wang
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Kang Zhang
- Department of Precision Plant Gene Delivery, Genovo Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Tianjin 301700, China
| | - Xiaolin Jia
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Qinghua Yang
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jianping Yang
- College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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13
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Wang Y, Jiang Z, Li W, Yang X, Li C, Cai D, Pan Y, Su W, Chen R. Supplementary Low Far-Red Light Promotes Proliferation and Photosynthetic Capacity of Blueberry In Vitro Plantlets. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:688. [PMID: 38255762 PMCID: PMC10815622 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Far-red light exerts an important regulatory influence on plant growth and development. However, the mechanisms underlying far-red light regulation of morphogenesis and photosynthetic characteristics in blueberry plantlets in vitro have remained elusive. Here, physiological and transcriptomic analyses were conducted on blueberry plantlets in vitro supplemented with far-red light. The results indicated that supplementation with low far-red light, such as 6 μmol m-2 s-1 and 14 μmol m-2 s-1 far-red (6FR and 14FR) light treatments, significantly increased proliferation-related indicators, including shoot length, shoot number, gibberellin A3, and trans-zeatin riboside content. It was found that 6FR and 14 FR significantly reduced chlorophyll content in blueberry plantlets but enhanced electron transport rates. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) showed the enrichment of iron ion-related genes in modules associated with photosynthesis. Genes such as NAC, ABCG11, GASA1, and Erf74 were significantly enriched within the proliferation-related module. Taken together, we conclude that low far-red light can promote the proliferative capacity of blueberry plantlets in vitro by affecting hormone pathways and the formation of secondary cell walls, concurrently regulating chlorophyll content and iron ion homeostasis to affect photosynthetic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei Su
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.W.); (Z.J.); (W.L.); (X.Y.); (C.L.); (D.C.); (Y.P.)
| | - Riyuan Chen
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.W.); (Z.J.); (W.L.); (X.Y.); (C.L.); (D.C.); (Y.P.)
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14
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Hur YS, Oh J, Kim N, Kim S, Son O, Kim J, Um JH, Ji Z, Kim MH, Ko JH, Ohme-Takagi M, Choi G, Cheon CI. Arabidopsis transcription factor TCP13 promotes shade avoidance syndrome-like responses by directly targeting a subset of shade-responsive gene promoters. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:241-257. [PMID: 37824096 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
TCP13 belongs to a subgroup of TCP transcription factors implicated in the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS), but its exact role remains unclear. Here, we show that TCP13 promotes the SAS-like response by enhancing hypocotyl elongation and suppressing flavonoid biosynthesis as a part of the incoherent feed-forward loop in light signaling. Shade is known to promote the SAS by activating PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR (PIF)-auxin signaling in plants, but we found no evidence in a transcriptome analysis that TCP13 activates PIF-auxin signaling. Instead, TCP13 mimics shade by activating the expression of a subset of shade-inducible and cell elongation-promoting SAUR genes including SAUR19, by direct targeting of their promoters. We also found that TCP13 and PIF4, a molecular proxy for shade, repress the expression of flavonoid biosynthetic genes by directly targeting both shared and distinct sets of biosynthetic gene promoters. Together, our results indicate that TCP13 promotes the SAS-like response by directly targeting a subset of shade-responsive genes without activating the PIF-auxin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Sun Hur
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Jeonghwa Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Namuk Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Sunghan Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Ora Son
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Um
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Zuowei Ji
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Min-Ha Kim
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Jae-Heung Ko
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Masaru Ohme-Takagi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Giltsu Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Choong-Ill Cheon
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
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15
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Meijer D, Hopkoper S, Weldegergis BT, Westende WV, Gort G, van Loon JJA, Dicke M. Effects of far-red light on the behaviour and reproduction of the zoophytophagous predator Macrolophus pygmaeus and its interaction with a whitefly herbivore. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:187-196. [PMID: 37705240 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants can detect neighbouring plants through a reduction in the ratio between red and far-red light (R:FR). This provides a signal of plant-plant competition and induces rapid plant growth while inhibiting defence against biotic stress, two interlinked responses designated as the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS). Consequently, the SAS can influence plant-herbivore interactions that could cascade to higher trophic levels. However, little is known about how the expression of the SAS can influence tritrophic interactions. We investigated whether changes in R:FR affect the emission of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs), and whether these changes influence the attraction of the zoophytophagous predator Macrolophus pygmaeus. We also studied how the expression of the SAS and subsequent inhibition of plant defences affects the reproduction of M. pygmaeus in both the presence and absence of the greenhouse whitefly (WF) (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) as arthropod prey. The results show that changes in R:FR have little effect on HIPV emissions and predator attraction. However, a reduction in R:FR leads to increased reproduction of both the predator and the WFs. We discuss that shade avoidance responses can increase the population development of M. pygmaeus through a combination of reduced plant defences and increased herbivore densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davy Meijer
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Syb Hopkoper
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Wendy Van't Westende
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Wageningen University, AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Gort
- Biometris, Wageningen University, AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joop J A van Loon
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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16
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Xie Y, Liu W, Liang W, Ling X, Ma J, Yang C, Li L. Phytochrome B inhibits the activity of phytochrome-interacting factor 7 involving phase separation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113562. [PMID: 38071618 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Shade-intolerant plants sense changes in the light environment and trigger shade-avoidance syndrome in the presence of neighboring vegetation. Phytochrome-interacting factor 7 (PIF7) is an essential regulator that integrates shade signals into plant transcriptional networks. While the regulation of PIF7 under shade conditions has been well studied, the mechanism that represses PIF7 activity under white light remains ambiguous. Here, we report that PIF7 forms nuclear puncta containing phase-separated liquid-like condensates. Phytochrome B (phyB) then binds to dephosphorylated PIF7 and promotes its condensed phase of PIF7 under white light. The phyB-PIF7 condensate subsequently inhibits the DNA-binding activity of PIF7. However, shade inactivation of phyB causes the dissociation of phyB-PIF7 condensates and allows unbound PIF7 to promote the transcription of shade-induced genes. This reversible transcriptional condensation via phase separation provides sessile organisms with the flexibility of gene control to adapt to their surrounding environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobin Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinbiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanwei Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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17
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Montesinos Á, Rubio-Cabetas MJ, Grimplet J. Characterization of Almond Scion/Rootstock Communication in Cultivar and Rootstock Tissues through an RNA-Seq Approach. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4166. [PMID: 38140493 PMCID: PMC10747828 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The rootstock genotype plays a crucial role in determining various aspects of scion development, including the scion three-dimensional structure, or tree architecture. Consequently, rootstock choice is a pivotal factor in the establishment of new almond (Prunus amygdalus (L.) Batsch, syn P. dulcis (Mill.)) intensive planting systems, demanding cultivars that can adapt to distinct requirements of vigor and shape. Nevertheless, considering the capacity of the rootstock genotype to influence scion development, it is likely that the scion genotype reciprocally affects rootstock performance. In the context of this study, we conducted a transcriptomic analysis of the scion/rootstock interaction in young almond trees, with a specific focus on elucidating the scion impact on the rootstock molecular response. Two commercial almond cultivars were grafted onto two hybrid rootstocks, thereby generating four distinct combinations. Through RNA-Seq analysis, we discerned that indeed, the scion genotype exerts an influence on the rootstock expression profile. This influence manifests through the modulation of genes associated with hormonal regulation, cell division, root development, and light signaling. This intricate interplay between scion and rootstock communication plays a pivotal role in the development of both scion and rootstock, underscoring the critical importance of a correct choice when establishing new almond orchards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Montesinos
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid—Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (UPM-INIA/CSIC), 28223 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Departamento de Ciencia Vegetal, Gobierno de Aragón, Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Calle Miguel Servet 4 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María José Rubio-Cabetas
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Departamento de Ciencia Vegetal, Gobierno de Aragón, Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Calle Miguel Servet 4 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jérôme Grimplet
- Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Departamento de Ciencia Vegetal, Gobierno de Aragón, Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), Calle Miguel Servet 4 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
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18
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Staudt AM, Kretsch T, Hiltbrunner A. EID1 promotes the response to canopy shade in Arabidopsis thaliana by repressing the action of phytochrome A. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2023; 2023:10.17912/micropub.biology.001015. [PMID: 38152059 PMCID: PMC10751583 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The phytochrome (phy) system enables plants to adapt to canopy shade. By sensing the reduction of the red:far-red light ratio in shade, phyA and phyB trigger downstream signalling cascades which eventually lead to enhanced elongation growth. In this study, we show that the F-box protein EID1 takes on an essential function within the shade avoidance response in Arabidopsis thaliana by repressing phyA action and thereby allowing seedlings to elongate in shade. Thus, altering EID1 activity provides a means to adapt the shade response without affecting phyB action and could have played a role in the evolution of shade tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Kretsch
- Institute of Biology II, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Hiltbrunner
- Institute of Biology II, University of Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg
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19
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Mammarella MF, Lucero L, Hussain N, Muñoz‐Lopez A, Huang Y, Ferrero L, Fernandez‐Milmanda GL, Manavella P, Benhamed M, Crespi M, Ballare CL, Gutiérrez Marcos J, Cubas P, Ariel F. Long noncoding RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of auxin-related genes controls shade avoidance syndrome in Arabidopsis. EMBO J 2023; 42:e113941. [PMID: 38054357 PMCID: PMC10711646 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023113941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) AUXIN-REGULATED PROMOTER LOOP (APOLO) recognizes a subset of target loci across the Arabidopsis thaliana genome by forming RNA-DNA hybrids (R-loops) and modulating local three-dimensional chromatin conformation. Here, we show that APOLO regulates shade avoidance syndrome by dynamically modulating expression of key factors. In response to far-red (FR) light, expression of APOLO anti-correlates with that of its target BRANCHED1 (BRC1), a master regulator of shoot branching in Arabidopsis thaliana. APOLO deregulation results in BRC1 transcriptional repression and an increase in the number of branches. Accumulation of APOLO transcription fine-tunes the formation of a repressive chromatin loop encompassing the BRC1 promoter, which normally occurs only in leaves and in a late response to far-red light treatment in axillary buds. In addition, our data reveal that APOLO participates in leaf hyponasty, in agreement with its previously reported role in the control of auxin homeostasis through direct modulation of auxin synthesis gene YUCCA2, and auxin efflux genes PID and WAG2. We show that direct application of APOLO RNA to leaves results in a rapid increase in auxin signaling that is associated with changes in the plant response to far-red light. Collectively, our data support the view that lncRNAs coordinate shade avoidance syndrome in A. thaliana, and reveal their potential as exogenous bioactive molecules. Deploying exogenous RNAs that modulate plant-environment interactions may therefore become a new tool for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leandro Lucero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, CONICETUniversidad Nacional del LitoralSanta FeArgentina
| | | | - Aitor Muñoz‐Lopez
- Plant Molecular Genetics Department, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología‐CSICCampus Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Ying Huang
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRAUniversité Evry, Université Paris‐SaclayOrsayFrance
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris‐Saclay IPS2Université de ParisOrsayFrance
| | - Lucia Ferrero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, CONICETUniversidad Nacional del LitoralSanta FeArgentina
| | - Guadalupe L Fernandez‐Milmanda
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Pablo Manavella
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, CONICETUniversidad Nacional del LitoralSanta FeArgentina
| | - Moussa Benhamed
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRAUniversité Evry, Université Paris‐SaclayOrsayFrance
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris‐Saclay IPS2Université de ParisOrsayFrance
| | - Martin Crespi
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRAUniversité Evry, Université Paris‐SaclayOrsayFrance
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris‐Saclay IPS2Université de ParisOrsayFrance
| | - Carlos L Ballare
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (IIBIO), CONICETUniversidad Nacional de San MartínBuenos AiresArgentina
| | | | - Pilar Cubas
- Plant Molecular Genetics Department, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología‐CSICCampus Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Federico Ariel
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, CONICETUniversidad Nacional del LitoralSanta FeArgentina
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20
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Nguyen NH, Sng BJR, Chin HJ, Choi IKY, Yeo HC, Jang IC. HISTONE DEACETYLASE 9 promotes hypocotyl-specific auxin response under shade. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:804-822. [PMID: 37522556 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Vegetative shade causes an array of morphological changes in plants called shade avoidance syndrome, which includes hypocotyl and petiole elongation, leaf hyponasty, reduced leaf growth, early flowering and rapid senescence. Here, we show that loss-of-function mutations in HISTONE DEACETYLASE 9 (HDA9) attenuated the shade-induced hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis. However, the hda9 cotyledons and petioles under shade were not significantly different from those in wild-type, suggesting a specific function of HDA9 in hypocotyl elongation in response to shade. HDA9 expression levels were stable under shade and its protein was ubiquitously detected in cotyledon, hypocotyl and root. Organ-specific transcriptome analysis unraveled that shade induced a set of auxin-responsive genes, such as SMALL AUXIN UPREGULATED RNAs (SAURs) and AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACIDs (AUX/IAAs) and their induction was impaired in hda9-1 hypocotyls. In addition, HDA9 binding to loci of SAUR15/65, IAA5/6/19 and ACS4 was increased under shade. The genetic and organ-specific gene expression analyses further revealed that HDA9 may cooperate with PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4/7 in the regulation of shade-induced hypocotyl elongation. Furthermore, HDA9 and PIF7 proteins were found to interact together and thus it is suggested that PIF7 may recruit HDA9 to regulate the shade/auxin responsive genes in response to shade. Overall, our study unravels that HDA9 can work as one component of a hypocotyl-specific transcriptional regulatory machinery that activates the auxin response at the hypocotyl leading to the elongation of this organ under shade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Hoai Nguyen
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 1 Research Link, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Benny Jian Rong Sng
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 1 Research Link, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Hui Jun Chin
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 1 Research Link, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Ian Kin Yuen Choi
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 1 Research Link, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Hock Chuan Yeo
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 1 Research Link, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - In-Cheol Jang
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 1 Research Link, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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21
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Huang S, Ma Y, Xu Y, Lu P, Yang J, Xie Y, Gan J, Li L. Shade-induced RTFL/DVL peptides negatively regulate the shade response by directly interacting with BSKs in Arabidopsis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6898. [PMID: 37898648 PMCID: PMC10613268 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42618-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
For shade-intolerant species, shade light indicates the close proximity of neighboring plants and triggers the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS), which causes exaggerated growth and reduced crop yield. Here, we report that non-secreted ROT FOUR LIKE (RTFL)/DEVIL (DVL) peptides negatively regulate SAS by interacting with BRASSINOSTEROID SIGNALING KINASEs (BSKs) and reducing the protein level of PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) in Arabidopsis. The transcription of at least five RTFLs (RTFL13/16/17/18/21) is induced by low R:FR light. The RTFL18 (DVL1) protein is stabilized under low R:FR conditions and localized to the plasma membrane. A phenotype analysis reveals that RTFL18 negatively regulates low R:FR-promoted petiole elongation. BSK3 and BSK6 are identified as partners of RTFL18 through binding assays and structural modeling. The overexpression of RTFL18 or knockdown of BSK3/6 reduces BRASSINOSTEROID signaling and reduces low R:FR-stabilized PIF4 levels. Genetically, the overexpression of BSK3/6 and PIF4 restores the petiole phenotype acquired by RTFL18-overexpressing lines. Collectively, our work characterizes a signaling cascade (the RTFLs-BSK3/6-PIF4 pathway) that prevents the excessive activation of the shade avoidance response in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plants Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plants Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yitian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plants Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Pengfei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plants Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plants Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jianhua Gan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plants Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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22
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Huai J, Lin R. Green innovation for green light. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:2443-2444. [PMID: 37046106 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2331-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junling Huai
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Rongcheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
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23
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Solanki M, Shukla LI. Recent advances in auxin biosynthesis and homeostasis. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:290. [PMID: 37547917 PMCID: PMC10400529 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03709-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant proliferation is linked with auxins which in turn play a pivotal role in the rate of growth. Also, auxin concentrations could provide insights into the age, stress, and events leading to flowering and fruiting in the sessile plant kingdom. The role in rejuvenation and plasticity is now evidenced. Interest in plant auxins spans many decades, information from different plant families for auxin concentrations, transcriptional, and epigenetic evidences for gene regulation is evaluated here, for getting an insight into pattern of auxin biosynthesis. This biosynthesis takes place via an tryptophan-independent and tryptophan-dependent pathway. The independent pathway initiated before the tryptophan (trp) production involves indole as the primary substrate. On the other hand, the trp-dependent IAA pathway passes through the indole pyruvic acid (IPyA), indole-3-acetaldoxime (IAOx), and indole acetamide (IAM) pathways. Investigations on trp-dependent pathways involved mutants, namely yucca (1-11), taa1, nit1, cyp79b and cyp79b2, vt2 and crd, and independent mutants of tryptophan, ins are compiled here. The auxin conjugates of the IAA amide and ester-linked mutant gh3, iar, ilr, ill, iamt1, ugt, and dao are remarkable and could facilitate the assimilation of auxins. Efforts are made herein to provide an up-to-date detailed information about biosynthesis leading to plant sustenance. The vast information about auxin biosynthesis and homeostasis is consolidated in this review with a simplified model of auxin biosynthesis with keys and clues for important missing links since auxins can enable the plants to proliferate and override the environmental influence and needs to be probed for applications in sustainable agriculture. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03709-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Solanki
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry, 605014 India
- Puducherry, India
| | - Lata Israni Shukla
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Pondicherry, 605014 India
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24
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Begum FU, Skinner G, Smieszek SP, Budge S, Stead AD, Devlin PF. Improved chilling tolerance in glasshouse-grown potted sweet basil by end-of-production, short-duration supplementary far red light. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1239010. [PMID: 37662150 PMCID: PMC10468977 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1239010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Sweet basil is a popular culinary herb used in many cuisines around the world and is widely grown commercially for retail as a live potted plant. However, basil is easily damaged by temperatures below 12 °C meaning plants must be transported from the grower to the retailer in a warm transport chain, adding considerable commercial cost in temperate countries. Improvement of chilling tolerance has been demonstrated in post-harvest crops such as tomato fruits and, indeed, fresh cut basil, by manipulation of the red:far red ratio of light provided to plants throughout the photoperiod and for a significant duration of the growing process in controlled environment chambers. We tested the effectiveness of periodic short-duration end-of-production supplementary far red light treatments designed for use with basil plants grown in a large scale commercial glasshouse for the live potted basil market. Four days of periodic, midday supplementary far red light given at end of production induced robust tolerance to 24 h of 4 °C cold treatment, resulting in greatly reduced visual damage, and reduced physiological markers of chilling injury including electrolyte leakage and reactive oxygen species accumulation. Antioxidant levels were also maintained at higher levels in live potted basil following this cold treatment. RNAseq-based analysis of gene expression changes associated with this response pointed to increased conversion of starch to soluble raffinose family oligosaccharide sugars; increased biosynthesis of anthocyanins and selected amino acids; inactivation of gibberellin signaling; and reduced expression of fatty acid desaturases, all previously associated with increased chilling tolerance in plants. Our findings offer an efficient, non-invasive approach to induce chilling tolerance in potted basil which is suitable for application in a large-scale commercial glasshouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firdous U. Begum
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
| | - George Skinner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra P. Smieszek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anthony D. Stead
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul F. Devlin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
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25
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Han R, Ma L, Lv Y, Qi L, Peng J, Li H, Zhou Y, Song P, Duan J, Li J, Li Z, Terzaghi W, Guo Y, Li J. SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE2 stabilizes phytochrome-interacting factors PIF4 and PIF5 to promote Arabidopsis shade avoidance. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:2972-2996. [PMID: 37119311 PMCID: PMC10396385 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Sun-loving plants trigger the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) to compete against their neighbors for sunlight. Phytochromes are plant red (R) and far-red (FR) light photoreceptors that play a major role in perceiving the shading signals and triggering SAS. Shade induces a reduction in the level of active phytochrome B (phyB), thus increasing the abundance of PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs), a group of growth-promoting transcription factors. However, whether other factors are involved in modulating PIF activity in the shade remains largely obscure. Here, we show that SALT OVERLY SENSITIVE2 (SOS2), a protein kinase essential for salt tolerance, positively regulates SAS in Arabidopsis thaliana. SOS2 directly phosphorylates PIF4 and PIF5 at a serine residue close to their conserved motif for binding to active phyB. This phosphorylation thus decreases their interaction with phyB and posttranslationally promotes PIF4 and PIF5 protein accumulation. Notably, the role of SOS2 in regulating PIF4 and PIF5 protein abundance and SAS is more prominent under salt stress. Moreover, phyA and phyB physically interact with SOS2 and promote SOS2 kinase activity in the light. Collectively, our study uncovers an unexpected role of salt-activated SOS2 in promoting SAS by modulating the phyB-PIF module, providing insight into the coordinated response of plants to salt stress and shade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lijuan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yangyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pengyu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianfang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - William Terzaghi
- Department of Biology, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA 18766, USA
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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26
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Xie D, Hao M, Zhao L, Chen X, Chen X, Jiang B, Ning S, Yuan Z, Zhang L, Shu K, Zhang Y, Liu D, Wu P. Transcriptomic analysis provides insight into the genetic regulation of shade avoidance in Aegilops tauschii. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:336. [PMID: 37353759 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04348-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weeds are not only economically important but also fascinating models for studying the adaptation of species in human-mediated environments. Aegilops tauschii is the D-genome donor species of common wheat but is also a weed that influences wheat production. How shading stress caused by adjacent wheat plants affects Ae. tauschii growth is a fundamental scientific question but is also important in agriculture, such as for weed control and wheat breeding. RESULT The present study indicated that shade avoidance is a strategy of Ae. tauschii in response to shading stress. Ae. tauschii plants exhibited growth increases in specific organs, such as stem and leaf elongation, to avoid shading. However, these changes were accompanied by sacrificing the growth of other parts of the plants, such as a reduction in tiller number. The two reverse phenotype responses seem to be formed by systemically regulating the expression of different genes. Fifty-six genes involved in the regulation of cell division and cell expansion were found to be downregulated, and one key upstream negative regulator (RPK2) of cell division was upregulated under shading stress. On the other hand, the upregulated genes under shading stress were mainly enriched in protein serine/threonine kinase activity and carbon metabolism, which are associated with cell enlargement, signal transduction and energy supply. The transcription factor WRKY72 may be important in regulating genes in response to shading stress, which can be used as a prior candidate gene for further study on the genetic regulation of shade avoidance. CONCLUSIONS This study sheds new light on the gene expression changes and molecular processes involved in the response and avoidance of Ae. tauschii to shading stress, which may aid more effective development of shading stress avoidance or cultivars in wheat and other crops in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Die Xie
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Chengdu, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming Hao
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Chengdu, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Laibin Zhao
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Chengdu, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuejiao Chen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Chengdu, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Chengdu, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Shunzong Ning
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Chengdu, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhongwei Yuan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Chengdu, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lianquan Zhang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Chengdu, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University at Chengdu, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Kai Shu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710012, China
| | - Yijing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Dengcai Liu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Chengdu, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University at Chengdu, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Peipei Wu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Chengdu, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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27
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Sun Y, Zheng Y, Yao H, Ma Z, Xiao M, Wang H, Liu Y. Light and jasmonic acid coordinately regulate the phosphate responses under shade and phosphate starvation conditions in Arabidopsis. PLANT DIRECT 2023; 7:e504. [PMID: 37360842 PMCID: PMC10290274 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In the natural ecosystem, plants usually grow at high vegetation density for yield maximization. The high-density planting triggers a variety of strategies to avoid canopy shade and competes with their neighbors for light and nutrition, which are collected termed shade avoidance responses. The molecular mechanism underlying shade avoidance and nutrition has expanded largely in the past decade; however, how these two responses intersect remains poorly understood. Here, we show that simulated shade undermined Pi starvation response and the phytohormone JA is involved in this process. We found that the JA signaling repressor JAZ proteins directly interact with PHR1 to repress its transcriptional activity on downstream targets, including phosphate starvation induced genes. Furthermore, FHY3 and FAR1, the negative regulators of shade avoidance, directly bind to promoters of NIGT1.1 and NIGT1.2 to activate their expression, and this process is also antagonized by JAZ proteins. All these results finally result in attenuation of Pi starvation response under shade and Pi-depleted conditions. Our findings unveil a previously unrecognized molecular framework whereby plants integrate light and hormone signaling to modulate phosphate responses under plant competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhao Sun
- College of HorticultureChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yanyan Zheng
- College of HorticultureChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Heng Yao
- College of HorticultureChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhaodong Ma
- College of HorticultureChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Mengwei Xiao
- College of HorticultureChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Haiyang Wang
- College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yang Liu
- College of HorticultureChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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28
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Peng KC, Siao W, Hsieh HL. FAR-RED INSENSITIVE 219 and phytochrome B corepress shade avoidance via modulating nuclear speckle formation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:1449-1465. [PMID: 36869668 PMCID: PMC10231371 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Plants can sense the shade from neighboring plants by detecting a reduction of the red:far-red light (R:FR) ratio. Phytochrome B (phyB) is the primary photoreceptor that perceives shade light and regulates jasmonic acid (JA) signaling. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying phyB and JA signaling integration in shade responses remain largely unknown. Here, we show the interaction of phyB and FAR-RED INSENSITIVE 219 (FIN219)/JASMONATE RESISTANT1 (JAR1) in a functional demand manner in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedling development. Genetic evidence and interaction studies indicated that phyB and FIN219 synergistically and negatively regulate shade-induced hypocotyl elongation. Moreover, phyB interacted with various isoforms of FIN219 under high and low R:FR light. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment, FIN219 mutation, and PHYBOE digalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase1-1 (dgd1-1) plants, which show increased levels of JA, altered the patterns of phyB-associated nuclear speckles under the same conditions. Surprisingly, PHYBOE dgd1-1 showed a shorter hypocotyl phenotype than its parental mutants under shade conditions. Microarray assays using PHYBOE and PHYBOE fin219-2 indicated that PHYB overexpression substantially affects defense response-related genes under shade light and coregulates expression of auxin-responsive genes with FIN219. Thus, our findings reveal that phyB substantially crosstalks with JA signaling through FIN219 to modulate seedling development under shade light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chun Peng
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Wei Siao
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hsu-Liang Hsieh
- Institute of Plant Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Master Program in Global Agriculture Technology and Genomic Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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29
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Takagi H, Hempton AK, Imaizumi T. Photoperiodic flowering in Arabidopsis: Multilayered regulatory mechanisms of CONSTANS and the florigen FLOWERING LOCUS T. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100552. [PMID: 36681863 PMCID: PMC10203454 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The timing of flowering affects the success of sexual reproduction. This developmental event also determines crop yield, biomass, and longevity. Therefore, this mechanism has been targeted for improvement along with crop domestication. The underlying mechanisms of flowering are highly conserved in angiosperms. Central to these mechanisms is how environmental and endogenous conditions control transcriptional regulation of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) gene, which initiates floral development under long-day conditions in Arabidopsis. Since the identification of FT as florigen, efforts have been made to understand the regulatory mechanisms of FT expression. Although many transcriptional regulators have been shown to directly influence FT, the question of how they coordinately control the spatiotemporal expression patterns of FT still requires further investigation. Among FT regulators, CONSTANS (CO) is the primary one whose protein stability is tightly controlled by phosphorylation and ubiquitination/proteasome-mediated mechanisms. In addition, various CO interaction partners, some of them previously identified as FT transcriptional regulators, positively or negatively modulate CO protein activity. The FT promoter possesses several transcriptional regulatory "blocks," highly conserved regions among Brassicaceae plants. Different transcription factors bind to specific blocks and affect FT expression, often causing topological changes in FT chromatin structure, such as the formation of DNA loops. We discuss the current understanding of the regulation of FT expression mainly in Arabidopsis and propose future directions related to this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Takagi
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA; Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Andrew K Hempton
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA
| | - Takato Imaizumi
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA; Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
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30
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Li Z, Zhao T, Liu J, Li H, Liu B. Shade-Induced Leaf Senescence in Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1550. [PMID: 37050176 PMCID: PMC10097262 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is a vital developmental process that involves the orderly breakdown of macromolecules to transfer nutrients from mature leaves to emerging and reproductive organs. This process is essential for a plant's overall fitness. Multiple internal and external factors, such as leaf age, plant hormones, stresses, and light environment, regulate the onset and progression of leaf senescence. When plants grow close to each other or are shaded, it results in significant alterations in light quantity and quality, such as a decrease in photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), a drop in red/far-red light ratios, and a reduction in blue light fluence rate, which triggers premature leaf senescence. Recently, studies have identified various components involved in light, phytohormone, and other signaling pathways that regulate the leaf senescence process in response to shade. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms that control leaf senescence induced by shade.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bin Liu
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (B.L.)
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31
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Zhu T, Yang C, Xie Y, Huang S, Li L. Shade‐induced
lncRNA
PUAR
promotes shade response by repressing
PHYA
expression. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56105. [PMID: 36970931 PMCID: PMC10157314 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202256105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) commonly occurs in plants experiencing vegetative shade, triggering a series of morphological and physiological changes for the plants to reach more light. A number of positive regulators, such as PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING 7 (PIF7), and negative regulators, such as PHYTOCHROMES, are known to ensure appropriate SAS. Here, we identify 211 shade-regulated long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in Arabidopsis. We further characterize PUAR (PHYA UTR Antisense RNA), a lncRNA produced from the intron of the 5' UTR of the PHYTOCHROME A (PHYA) locus. PUAR is induced by shade and promotes shade-induced hypocotyl elongation. PUAR physically associates with PIF7 and represses the shade-mediated induction of PHYA by blocking the binding of PIF7 to the 5' UTR of PHYA. Our findings highlight a role for lncRNAs in SAS and provide insight into the mechanism of PUAR in regulating PHYA gene expression and SAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongdan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plants Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plants Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plants Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sha Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plants Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Plants Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Martínez-Vasallo C, Cole B, Gallego-Bartolomé J, Chory J, Kay SA, Nohales MA. Epidermal GIGANTEA adjusts the response to shade at dusk by directly impinging on PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 7 function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.21.533699. [PMID: 36993677 PMCID: PMC10055326 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.21.533699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
For plants adapted to bright light, a decrease in the amount of light received can be detrimental to their growth and survival. Consequently, in response to shade from surrounding vegetation, they initiate a suite of molecular and morphological changes known as the shade avoidance response (SAR) through which stems and petioles elongate in search for light. Under sunlight-night cycles, the plant's responsiveness to shade varies across the day, being maximal at dusk time. While a role for the circadian clock in this regulation has long been proposed, mechanistic understanding of how it is achieved is incomplete. Here we show that the clock component GIGANTEA (GI) directly interacts with the transcriptional regulator PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 7 (PIF7), a key player in the response to shade. GI represses PIF7 transcriptional activity and the expression of its target genes in response to shade, thereby fine-tuning the magnitude of the response to limiting light conditions. We find that, under light/dark cycles, this function of GI is required to adequately modulate the gating of the response to shade at dusk. Importantly, we also show that GI expression in epidermal cells is sufficient for proper SAR regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Martínez-Vasallo
- Instituto de Biologίa Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientίficas - Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Benjamin Cole
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Javier Gallego-Bartolomé
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Joanne Chory
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Steve A. Kay
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Maria A. Nohales
- Instituto de Biologίa Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientίficas - Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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33
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Sng BJR, Van Vu K, Choi IKY, Chin HJ, Jang IC. LONG HYPOCOTYL IN FAR-RED 1 mediates a trade-off between growth and defense under shade in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023:erad088. [PMID: 36882154 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants respond to vegetative shade with developmental and physiological changes that is collectively known as shade avoidance syndrome (SAS). Although LONG HYPOCOTYL IN FAR-RED 1 (HFR1) is known to be a negative regulator of SAS by forming heterodimers with other basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors to inhibit them, its function in genome-wide transcriptional regulation is not fully elucidated. Here, we performed RNA-sequencing analyses of hfr1-5 and HFR1 overexpression line (HFR1(ΔN)-OE) to comprehensively identify HFR1-regulated genes at different time points of shade treatment. We found that HFR1 mediates the trade-off between shade-induced growth and shade-repressed defense, by regulating the expression of relevant genes in shade. Genes involved in promoting growth, such as for auxin biosynthesis, transport, signaling and response were induced by shade but suppressed by HFR1 at both short and long durations of shade. Likewise, most ethylene-related genes were shade-induced and HFR1-repressed. On the other hand, shade suppressed defense-related genes while HFR1 induced their expression, especially under long duration of shade treatment. We demonstrated that HFR1 confers increased resistance to bacterial infection under shade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benny Jian Rong Sng
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Kien Van Vu
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
| | - Ian Kin Yuen Choi
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Hui Jun Chin
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
| | - In-Cheol Jang
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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34
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Luo R, Yang K, Xiao W. Plant deubiquitinases: from structure and activity to biological functions. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:469-486. [PMID: 36567335 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02962-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This article attempts to provide comprehensive review of plant deubiquitinases, paying special attention to recent advances in their biochemical activities and biological functions. Proteins in eukaryotes are subjected to post-translational modifications, in which ubiquitination is regarded as a reversible process. Cellular deubiquitinases (DUBs) are a key component of the ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome system responsible for cellular protein homeostasis. DUBs recycle Ub by hydrolyzing poly-Ub chains on target proteins, and maintain a balance of the cellular Ub pool. In addition, some DUBs prefer to cleave poly-Ub chains not linked through the conventional K48 residue, which often alter the substrate activity instead of its stability. In plants, all seven known DUB subfamilies have been identified, namely Ub-binding protease/Ub-specific protease (UBP/USP), Ub C-terminal hydrolase (UCH), Machado-Joseph domain-containing protease (MJD), ovarian-tumor domain-containing protease (OTU), zinc finger with UFM1-specific peptidase domain protease (ZUFSP), motif interacting with Ub-containing novel DUB family (MINDY), and JAB1/MPN/MOV34 protease (JAMM). This review focuses on recent advances in the structure, activity, and biological functions of plant DUBs, particularly in the model plant Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runbang Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Responses and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Kun Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Responses and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Wei Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Responses and College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada.
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35
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Meristem dormancy in Marchantia polymorpha is regulated by a liverwort-specific miRNA and a clade III SPL gene. Curr Biol 2023; 33:660-674.e4. [PMID: 36696899 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The shape of modular organisms depends on the branching architecture, which in plants is determined by the fates of generative centers called meristems. The branches of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha are derived from two adjacent meristems that develop at thallus apices. These meristems may be active and develop branches or may be dormant and do not form branches. The relative number and position of active and dormant meristems define the overall shape and form of the thallus. We show that the clade III SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) transcription factor MpSPL1 is required for meristem dormancy. The activity of MpSPL1 is regulated by the liverwort-specific Mpo-MR13 miRNA, which, in turn, is regulated by PIF-mediated signaling. An unrelated PIF-regulated miRNA, MIR156, represses a different SPL gene (belonging to clade IV) that inhibits branching during the shade avoidance response in Arabidopsis thaliana. This suggests that a conserved light signaling mechanism modulates branching architecture in liverworts and angiosperms and therefore is likely operated in the last common ancestor. However, PIF-mediated signaling represses the expression of different miRNA genes with different SPL targets during dichotomous, apical branching in liverworts and during lateral, subapical branching in angiosperms. We speculate that the mechanism that acts downstream of light and regulates meristem dormancy evolved independently in liverworts and angiosperms.
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36
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Kong D, Li C, Xue W, Wei H, Ding H, Hu G, Zhang X, Zhang G, Zou T, Xian Y, Wang B, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Xie Y, Xu M, Wu H, Liu Q, Wang H. UB2/UB3/TSH4-anchored transcriptional networks regulate early maize inflorescence development in response to simulated shade. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:717-737. [PMID: 36472157 PMCID: PMC9940873 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Increasing planting density has been adopted as an effective means to increase maize (Zea mays) yield. Competition for light from neighbors can trigger plant shade avoidance syndrome, which includes accelerated flowering. However, the regulatory networks of maize inflorescence development in response to high-density planting remain poorly understood. In this study, we showed that shade-mimicking treatments cause precocious development of the tassels and ears. Comparative transcriptome profiling analyses revealed the enrichment of phytohormone-related genes and transcriptional regulators among the genes co-regulated by developmental progression and simulated shade. Network analysis showed that three homologous Squamosa promoter binding protein (SBP)-like (SPL) transcription factors, Unbranched2 (UB2), Unbranched3 (UB3), and Tasselsheath4 (TSH4), individually exhibited connectivity to over 2,400 genes across the V3-to-V9 stages of tassel development. In addition, we showed that the ub2 ub3 double mutant and tsh4 single mutant were almost insensitive to simulated shade treatments. Moreover, we demonstrated that UB2/UB3/TSH4 could directly regulate the expression of Barren inflorescence2 (BIF2) and Zea mays teosinte branched1/cycloidea/proliferating cell factor30 (ZmTCP30). Furthermore, we functionally verified a role of ZmTCP30 in regulating tassel branching and ear development. Our results reveal a UB2/UB3/TSH4-anchored transcriptional regulatory network of maize inflorescence development and provide valuable targets for breeding shade-tolerant maize cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexin Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Changyu Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Weicong Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongbin Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hui Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guizhen Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guisen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ting Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuting Xian
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Baobao Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yongping Zhao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yurong Xie
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Miaoyun Xu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
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37
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Huang J, Qiu ZY, He J, Xu HS, Wang K, Du HY, Gao D, Zhao WN, Sun QG, Wang YS, Wen PZ, Li Q, Dong XO, Xie XZ, Jiang L, Wang HY, Liu YQ, Wan JM. Phytochrome B mediates dim-light-reduced insect resistance by promoting the ethylene pathway in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:1272-1287. [PMID: 36437699 PMCID: PMC9922401 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Increasing planting density is one of the most effective ways to improve crop yield. However, one major factor that limits crop planting density is the weakened immunity of plants to pathogens and insects caused by dim light (DL) under shade conditions. The molecular mechanism underlying how DL compromises plant immunity remains unclear. Here, we report that DL reduces rice (Oryza sativa) resistance against brown planthopper (BPH; Nilaparvata lugens) by elevating ethylene (ET) biosynthesis and signaling in a Phytochrome B (OsPHYB)-dependent manner. The DL-reduced BPH resistance is relieved in osphyB mutants, but aggravated in OsPHYB overexpressing plants. Further, we found that DL reduces the nuclear accumulation of OsphyB, thus alleviating Phytochrome Interacting Factor Like14 (OsPIL14) degradation, consequently leading to the up-regulation of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Oxidase1 (OsACO1) and an increase in ET levels. In addition, we found that nuclear OsphyB stabilizes Ethylene Insensitive Like2 (OsEIL2) by competitively interacting with EIN3 Binding F-Box Protein (OsEBF1) to enhance ET signaling in rice, which contrasts with previous findings that phyB blocks ET signaling by facilitating Ethylene Insensitive3 (EIN3) degradation in other plant species. Thus, enhanced ET biosynthesis and signaling reduces BPH resistance under DL conditions. Our findings provide insights into the molecular mechanism of the light-regulated ET pathway and host-insect interactions and potential strategies for sustainable insect management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ze-Yu Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hao-Sen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hua-Ying Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei-Ning Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Quan-Guang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Pei-Zheng Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiao-Ou Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xian-Zhi Xie
- Shandong Rice Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hai-Yang Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yu-Qiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jian-Min Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Cui Y, Zhu M, Song J, Fan H, Xu X, Wu J, Guo L, Wang J. Expression dynamics of phytochrome genes for the shade-avoidance response in densely direct-seeding rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1105882. [PMID: 36743577 PMCID: PMC9889870 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1105882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Because of labor shortages or resource scarcity, direct seeding is the preferred method for rice (Oryza sativa. L) cultivation, and it necessitates direct seeding at the current density. In this study, two density of direct seeding with high and normal density were selected to identify the genes involved in shade-avoidance syndrome. Phenotypic and gene expression analysis showed that densely direct seeding (DDS) causes a set of acclimation responses that either induce shade avoidance or toleration. When compared to normal direct seeding (NDS), plants cultivated by DDS exhibit constitutive shade-avoidance syndrome (SAS), in which the accompanying solar radiation drops rapidly from the middle leaf to the base leaf during flowering. Simulation of shade causes rapid reduction in phytochrome gene expression, changes in the expression of multiple miR156 or miR172 genes and photoperiod-related genes, all of which leads to early flowering and alterations in the plant architecture. Furthermore, DDS causes senescence by downregulating the expression of chloroplast synthesis-related genes throughout almost the entire stage. Our findings revealed that DDS is linked to SAS, which can be employed to breed density-tolerant rice varieties more easily and widely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Cui
- Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minhua Zhu
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Song
- Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Honghuan Fan
- Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaozheng Xu
- College of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayan Wu
- College of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Longbiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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A Joint Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Regulation of Shading on Lignin Biosynthesis in Asparagus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021539. [PMID: 36675053 PMCID: PMC9866179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Asparagus belongs to the Liliaceae family and has important economic and pharmacological value. Lignin plays a crucial role in cell wall structural integrity, stem strength, water transport, mechanical support and plant resistance to pathogens. In this study, various biological methods were used to study the mechanism of shading on the asparagus lignin accumulation pathway. The physiological results showed that shading significantly reduced stem diameter and cell wall lignin content. Microstructure observation showed that shading reduced the number of vascular bundles and xylem area, resulting in decreased lignin content, and thus reducing the lignification of asparagus. Cinnamic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid and sinapyl alcohol are crucial intermediate metabolites in the process of lignin synthesis. Metabolomic profiling showed that shading significantly reduced the contents of cinnamic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid and sinapyl alcohol. Transcriptome profiling identified 37 differentially expressed genes related to lignin, including PAL, C4H, 4CL, CAD, CCR, POD, CCoAOMT, and F5H related enzyme activity regulation genes. The expression levels of POD, CCoAOMT, and CCR genes were significantly decreased under shading treatment, while the expression levels of CAD and F5H genes exhibited no significant difference with increased shading. The downregulation of POD, CCoAOMT genes and the decrease in CCR gene expression levels inhibited the activities of the corresponding enzymes under shading treatment, resulting in decreased downstream content of caffeic acid, ferulic acid, sinaperol, chlorogenic acid and coniferin. A significant decrease in upstream cinnamic acid content was observed with shading, which also led to decreased downstream metabolites and reduced asparagus lignin content. In this study, transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis revealed the key regulatory genes and metabolites of asparagus lignin under shading treatment. This study provides a reference for further understanding the mechanism of lignin biosynthesis and the interaction of related genes.
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40
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Imsande KG, Batzli JM. Additional green light induces shade response symptoms in Brassica rapa as evidenced by increased lateral root spread. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2022; 2022:10.17912/micropub.biology.000723. [PMID: 36618026 PMCID: PMC9813772 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In some plant species, green light (500 to 570 nm) has been shown to act as a shade signal, which stimulates non-photosynthetic photoreceptors to initiate a response that promotes shading symptoms, including lateral root formation. No studies to date have examined whether green light induces shading symptoms in Brassica rapa specifically. Here, we report increased hypocotyl length, root width, and increased width:depth ratio of root architecture in plants grown under additional green light compared to red and blue light, and white light alone. Results indicate that green light acts as a shade signal in B. rapa to induce shading symptoms, including wider roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylynn G Imsande
- Department of Biology Core Curriculum (Biocore), University of Wisconsin – Madison, WI, USA
,
Correspondence to: Kaylynn G Imsande (
)
| | - Janet M Batzli
- Department of Biology Core Curriculum (Biocore), University of Wisconsin – Madison, WI, USA
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41
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Comprehensive Analysis of Betula platyphylla Suk. PIF Gene Family and Their Potential Functions in Growth and Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315326. [PMID: 36499652 PMCID: PMC9738378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs) are transcription factors with the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain. As integration factors between different signal pathways, members of the PIF protein family regulate many aspects of plant growth and development, such as seed germination, photomorphogenesis, thermomorphogenesis, rhythm regulation, flowering response, stomatal development, and stress responses. Our previous studies have shown that the BpSPL2 gene may regulate plants' adventitious root development through PIF genes. Within the Betula platyphylla genome, we identified eight PIF (BpPIFs) genes. We analysed and named them based on a phylogenetic tree, gene structures, and conserved motifs. Synteny analysis indicated that transposition or segmental duplication events played a minor role in the expansion of BpPIFs. The comparative syntenic analysis combined with phylogenetic analysis provided a deep insight into the phylogenetic relationships of BpPIF genes, suggesting that BpPIF proteins are closer to PtPIF than to AtPIF. The analysis of cis-acting elements in promoter regions of BpPIF genes indicated that various elements were related to light, abiotic stress, and plant hormone responsiveness. In addition, we found that these promoters have the transcription factor of B. platyphylla SPL2 (BpSPL2) binding motif GTAC. Expression analysis demonstrated that BpPIF genes, especially BpPIF4, BpPIF9b, and BpPIF10, might be the potential target genes of BpSPL2 in the process of adventitious root formation. Besides providing a comprehensive understanding of the BpPIF family, we propose a hypothetical gene network regulatory model for adventitious root formation.
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Zhang YX, Niu YQ, Wang XF, Wang ZH, Wang ML, Yang J, Wang YG, Zhang WJ, Song ZP, Li LF. Phenotypic and transcriptomic responses of the shade-grown species Panax ginseng to variable light conditions. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 130:749-762. [PMID: 35961674 PMCID: PMC9670753 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Elucidating how plant species respond to variable light conditions is important to understand the ecological adaptation to heterogeneous natural habitats. Plant performance and its underlying gene regulatory network have been well documented in sun-grown plants. However, the phenotypic and molecular responses of shade-grown plants under variable light conditions have remained largely unclear. METHODS We assessed the differences in phenotypic performance between Panax ginseng (shade-grown) and Arabidopsis thaliana (sun-grown) under sunlight, shade and deep-shade conditions. To further address the molecular bases underpinning the phenotypic responses, we compared time-course transcriptomic expression profiling and candidate gene structures between the two species. KEY RESULTS Our results show that, compared with arabidopsis, ginseng plants not only possess a lower degree of phenotypic plasticity among the three light conditions, but also exhibit higher photosynthetic efficiency under shade and deep-shade conditions. Further comparisons of the gene expression and structure reveal that differential transcriptional regulation together with increased copy number of photosynthesis-related genes (e.g. electron transfer and carbon fixation) may improve the photosynthetic efficiency of ginseng plants under the two shade conditions. In contrast, the inactivation of phytochrome-interacting factors (i.e. absent and no upregulation of the PIF genes) are potentially associated with the observed low degree of phenotypic plasticity of ginseng plants under variable light conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides new insights into how shade-grown plants respond to variable light conditions. Candidate genes related to shade adaptation in ginseng provide valuable genetic resources for future molecular breeding of high-density planting crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xin Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yu-Qian Niu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xin-Feng Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhen-Hui Wang
- Department of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Meng-Li Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ji Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yu-Guo Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wen-Ju Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhi-Ping Song
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lin-Feng Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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Luo F, Zhang Q, Xin H, Liu H, Yang H, Doblin MS, Bacic A, Li L. A Phytochrome B-PIF4-MYC2/MYC4 module inhibits secondary cell wall thickening in response to shaded light. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100416. [PMID: 35927944 PMCID: PMC9700123 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Secondary cell walls (SCWs) in stem cells provide mechanical strength and structural support for growth. SCW thickening varies under different light conditions. Our previous study revealed that blue light enhances SCW thickening through the redundant function of MYC2 and MYC4 directed by CRYPTOCHROME1 (CRY1) signaling in fiber cells of the Arabidopsis inflorescence stem. In this study, we find that the Arabidopsis PHYTOCHROME B mutant phyB displays thinner SCWs in stem fibers, but thicker SCWs are deposited in the PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR (PIF) quadruple mutant pif1pif3pif4pif5 (pifq). The shaded light condition with a low ratio of red to far-red light inhibits stem SCW thickening. PIF4 interacts with MYC2 and MYC4 to affect their localization in nuclei, and this interaction results in inhibition of the MYCs' transactivation activity on the NST1 promoter. Genetic evidence shows that regulation of SCW thickening by PIFs is dependent on MYC2/MYC4 function. Together, the results of this study reveal a PHYB-PIF4-MYC2/MYC4 module that inhibits SCW thickening in fiber cells of the Arabidopsis stem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hu Xin
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest, State Forestry Administration, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongquan Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Monika S Doblin
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia; Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Antony Bacic
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia; Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Laigeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Sun G, Yang L, Zhan W, Chen S, Song M, Wang L, Jiang L, Guo L, Wang K, Ye X, Gou M, Zheng X, Yang J, Yan Z. HFR1, a bHLH Transcriptional Regulator from Arabidopsis thaliana, Improves Grain Yield, Shade and Osmotic Stress Tolerances in Common Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231912057. [PMID: 36233359 PMCID: PMC9569703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231912057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Common wheat, Triticum aestivum, is the most widely grown staple crop worldwide. To catch up with the increasing global population and cope with the changing climate, it is valuable to breed wheat cultivars that are tolerant to abiotic or shade stresses for density farming. Arabidopsis LONG HYPOCOTYL IN FAR-RED 1 (AtHFR1), a photomorphogenesis-promoting factor, is involved in multiple light-related signaling pathways and inhibits seedling etiolation and shade avoidance. We report that overexpression of AtHFR1 in wheat inhibits etiolation phenotypes under various light and shade conditions, leading to shortened plant height and increased spike number relative to non-transgenic plants in the field. Ectopic expression of AtHFR1 in wheat increases the transcript levels of TaCAB and TaCHS as observed previously in Arabidopsis, indicating that the AtHFR1 transgene can activate the light signal transduction pathway in wheat. AtHFR1 transgenic seedlings significantly exhibit tolerance to osmotic stress during seed germination compared to non-transgenic wheat. The AtHFR1 transgene represses transcription of TaFT1, TaCO1, and TaCO2, delaying development of the shoot apex and heading in wheat. Furthermore, the AtHFR1 transgene in wheat inhibits transcript levels of PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 3-LIKEs (TaPIL13, TaPIL15-1B, and TaPIL15-1D), downregulating the target gene STAYGREEN (TaSGR), and thus delaying dark-induced leaf senescence. In the field, grain yields of three AtHFR1 transgenic lines were 18.2–48.1% higher than those of non-transgenic wheat. In summary, genetic modification of light signaling pathways using a photomorphogenesis-promoting factor has positive effects on grain yield due to changes in plant architecture and resource allocation and enhances tolerances to osmotic stress and shade avoidance response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghua Sun
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Luhao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Weimin Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Shizhan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Meifang Song
- Institute of Radiation Technology, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100875, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lijian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Liangliang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xingguo Ye
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mingyue Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jianping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Longzi Lake Campus, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zehong Yan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (Z.Y.)
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Wu Y, Chen P, Gong W, Gul H, Zhu J, Yang F, Wang X, Yong T, Liu J, Pu T, Yan Y, Yang W. Morphological and physiological variation of soybean seedlings in response to shade. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1015414. [PMID: 36275582 PMCID: PMC9583947 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1015414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) is a legume species that is widely used in intercropping. Quantitative analyses of plasticity and genetic differences in soybean would improve the selection and breeding of soybean in intercropping. Here, we used data of 20 varieties from one year artificial shading experiment and one year intercropping experiment to characterize the morphological and physiological traits of soybean seedlings grown under shade and full sun light conditions. Our results showed that shade significantly decreased biomass, leaf area, stem diameter, fraction of dry mass in petiole, leaf mass per unit area, chlorophyll a/b ratio, net photosynthetic rate per unit area at PAR of 500 μmol m-2 s-1 and 1,200 μmol m-2 s-1 of soybean seedling, but significantly increased plant height, fraction of dry mass in stem and chlorophyll content. Light × variety interaction was significant for all measured traits, light effect contributed more than variety effect. The biomass of soybean seedlings was positively correlated with leaf area and stem diameter under both shade and full sunlight conditions, but not correlated with plant height and net photosynthetic rate. The top five (62.75% variation explained) most important explanatory variables of plasticity of biomass were that the plasticity of leaf area, leaf area ratio, leaflet area, plant height and chlorophyll content, whose total weight were 1, 0.9, 0.3, 0.2, 0.19, respectively. The plasticity of biomass was positively correlated with plasticity of leaf area and leaflet area but significant negative correlated with plasticity of plant height. The principal component one account for 42.45% variation explain. A cluster analysis further indicated that soybean cultivars were classified into three groups and cultivars; Jiandebaimaodou, Gongdou 2, and Guixia 3 with the maximum plasticity of biomass. These results suggest that for soybean seedlings grown under shade increasing the capacity for light interception by larger leaf area is more vital than light searching (plant height) and light conversion (photosynthetic rate).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Wu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-Physiology and Farming System, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-Physiology and Farming System, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanzhuo Gong
- Crop Research Institute, Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Hina Gul
- National Center of Industrial Biotechnology (NCIB), PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Junqi Zhu
- Plant and Food Research, Blenheim, New Zealand
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-Physiology and Farming System, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-Physiology and Farming System, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
| | - Taiwen Yong
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-Physiology and Farming System, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-Physiology and Farming System, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian Pu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-Physiology and Farming System, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanhong Yan
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-Physiology and Farming System, Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Chengdu, China
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Sekhar S, Das S, Panda D, Mohanty S, Mishra B, Kumar A, Navadagi DB, Sah RP, Pradhan SK, Samantaray S, Baig MJ, Behera L, Mohapatra T. Identification of microRNAs That Provide a Low Light Stress Tolerance-Mediated Signaling Pathway during Vegetative Growth in Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11192558. [PMID: 36235424 PMCID: PMC9614602 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Low light intensity affects several physiological parameters during the different growth stages in rice. Plants have various regulatory mechanisms to cope with stresses. One of them is the differential and temporal expression of genes, which is governed by post-transcriptional gene expression regulation through endogenous miRNAs. To decipher low light stress-responsive miRNAs in rice, miRNA expression profiling was carried out using next-generation sequencing of low-light-tolerant (Swarnaprabha) and -sensitive (IR8) rice genotypes through Illumina sequencing. Swarnaprabha and IR8 were subjected to 25% low light treatment for one day, three days, and five days at the active tillering stage. More than 43 million raw reads and 9 million clean reads were identified in Swarnaprabha, while more than 41 million raw reads and 8.5 million clean reads were identified in IR8 after NGS. Importantly, 513 new miRNAs in rice were identified, whose targets were mostly regulated by the genes involved in photosynthesis and metabolic pathways. Additionally, 114 known miRNAs were also identified. Five novel (osa-novmiR1, osa-novmiR2, osa-novmiR3, osa-novmiR4, and osa-novmiR5) and three known (osa-miR166c-3p, osa-miR2102-3p, and osa-miR530-3p) miRNAs were selected for their expression validation through miRNA-specific qRT-PCR. The expression analyses of most of the predicted targets of corresponding miRNAs show negative regulation. Hence, miRNAs modulated the expression of genes providing tolerance/susceptibility to low light stress. This information might be useful in the improvement of crop productivity under low light stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanshu Sekhar
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack 753006, India
| | - Swagatika Das
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack 753006, India
| | - Darshan Panda
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack 753006, India
| | - Soumya Mohanty
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack 753006, India
| | - Baneeta Mishra
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack 753006, India
| | - Awadhesh Kumar
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack 753006, India
| | | | - Rameswar Prasad Sah
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack 753006, India
| | - Sharat Kumar Pradhan
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack 753006, India
| | - Sanghamitra Samantaray
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack 753006, India
| | - Mirza Jaynul Baig
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack 753006, India
| | - Lambodar Behera
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack 753006, India
| | - Trilochan Mohapatra
- Former Secretary DARE, DG, ICAR, Government. of India, New Delhi 11001, India
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Falcioni R, Moriwaki T, Antunes WC, Nanni MR. Rapid Quantification Method for Yield, Calorimetric Energy and Chlorophyll a Fluorescence Parameters in Nicotiana tabacum L. Using Vis-NIR-SWIR Hyperspectroscopy. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11182406. [PMID: 36145806 PMCID: PMC9501474 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput and large-scale data are part of a new era of plant remote sensing science. Quantification of the yield, energetic content, and chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) remains laborious and is of great interest to physiologists and photobiologists. We propose a new method that is efficient and applicable for estimating photosynthetic performance and photosystem status using remote sensing hyperspectroscopy with visible, near-infrared and shortwave spectroscopy (Vis-NIR-SWIR) based on rapid multivariate partial least squares regression (PLSR) as a tool to estimate biomass production, calorimetric energy content and chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters. The results showed the presence of typical inflections associated with chemical and structural components present in plants, enabling us to obtain PLSR models with R2P and RPDP values greater than >0.82 and 3.33, respectively. The most important wavelengths were well distributed into 400 (violet), 440 (blue), 550 (green), 670 (red), 700−750 (red edge), 1330 (NIR), 1450 (SWIR), 1940 (SWIR) and 2200 (SWIR) nm operating ranges of the spectrum. Thus, we report a methodology to simultaneously determine fifteen attributes (i.e., yield (biomass), ΔH°area, ΔH°mass, Fv/Fm, Fv’/Fm’, ETR, NPQ, qP, qN, ΦPSII, P, D, SFI, PI(abs), D.F.) with high accuracy and precision and with excellent predictive capacity for most of them. These results are promising for plant physiology studies and will provide a better understanding of photosystem dynamics in tobacco plants when a large number of samples must be evaluated within a short period and with remote acquisition data.
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Aphalo PJ, Sadras VO. Explaining pre-emptive acclimation by linking information to plant phenotype. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5213-5234. [PMID: 34915559 PMCID: PMC9440433 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We review mechanisms for pre-emptive acclimation in plants and propose a conceptual model linking developmental and evolutionary ecology with the acquisition of information through sensing of cues and signals. The idea is that plants acquire much of the information in the environment not from individual cues and signals but instead from their joint multivariate properties such as correlations. If molecular signalling has evolved to extract such information, the joint multivariate properties of the environment must be encoded in the genome, epigenome, and phenome. We contend that multivariate complexity explains why extrapolating from experiments done in artificial contexts into natural or agricultural systems almost never works for characters under complex environmental regulation: biased relationships among the state variables in both time and space create a mismatch between the evolutionary history reflected in the genotype and the artificial growing conditions in which the phenotype is expressed. Our model can generate testable hypotheses bridging levels of organization. We describe the model and its theoretical bases, and discuss its implications. We illustrate the hypotheses that can be derived from the model in two cases of pre-emptive acclimation based on correlations in the environment: the shade avoidance response and acclimation to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor O Sadras
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, and School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Australia
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PIF7 is a master regulator of thermomorphogenesis in shade. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4942. [PMID: 36038577 PMCID: PMC9424238 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32585-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The size of plant organs is highly responsive to environmental conditions. The plant’s embryonic stem, or hypocotyl, displays phenotypic plasticity, in response to light and temperature. The hypocotyl of shade avoiding species elongates to outcompete neighboring plants and secure access to sunlight. Similar elongation occurs in high temperature. However, it is poorly understood how environmental light and temperature cues interact to effect plant growth. We found that shade combined with warm temperature produces a synergistic hypocotyl growth response that dependent on PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 7 (PIF7) and auxin. This unique but agriculturally relevant scenario was almost totally independent on PIF4 activity. We show that warm temperature is sufficient to promote PIF7 DNA binding but not transcriptional activation and we demonstrate that additional, unknown factor/s must be working downstream of the phyB-PIF-auxin module. Our findings will improve the predictions of how plants will respond to increased ambient temperatures when grown at high density. Plant hypocotyl elongation response to light and temperature. Here the authors show that shade combined with warm temperature synergistically enhances the hypocotyl growth response via the PIF7 transcription factor, auxin, and as yet unknown factor.
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Li L, Wang H. Editorial: Shade avoidance syndrome in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:990982. [PMID: 36035681 PMCID: PMC9407433 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.990982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Institute of Plant Biology, Institute of Plants Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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