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Lee DH, Lee HJ, Yang G, Kim DY, Kim JU, Yook TH, Lee JH, Kim HJ. A novel treatment strategy targeting cellular pathways with natural products to alleviate sarcopenia. Phytother Res 2024. [PMID: 39099170 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a condition marked by a significant reduction in muscle mass and strength, primarily due to the aging process, which critically impacts muscle protein dynamics, metabolic functions, and overall physical functionality. This condition leads to increased body fat and reduced daily activity, contributing to severe health issues and a lower quality of life among the elderly. Recognized in the ICD-10-CM only in 2016, sarcopenia lacks definitive treatment options despite its growing prevalence and substantial social and economic implications. Given the aging global population, addressing sarcopenia has become increasingly relevant and necessary. The primary causes include aging, cachexia, diabetes, and nutritional deficiencies, leading to imbalances in protein synthesis and degradation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and hormonal changes. Exercise remains the most effective intervention, but it is often impractical for individuals with limited mobility, and pharmacological options such as anabolic steroids and myostatin inhibitors are not FDA-approved and are still under investigation. This review is crucial as it examines the potential of natural products as a novel treatment strategy for sarcopenia, targeting multiple mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis. By exploring natural products' multi-targeted effects, this study aims to provide innovative and practical solutions for sarcopenia management. Therefore, this review indicates significant improvements in muscle mass and function with the use of specific natural compounds, suggesting promising alternatives for those unable to engage in regular physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Hee Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Gabsik Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Yong Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Uk Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Han Yook
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea
- Da Capo Co., Ltd., Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Jun Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea
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Onishi Y, Akasaka H, Hatta K, Terashima K, Yoshida S, Yasunobe Y, Fujimoto T, Isaka M, Godai K, Kido M, Kabayama M, Sugimoto K, Masui Y, Matsumoto K, Yasumoto S, Ogawa M, Nakagawa T, Arai Y, Ishizaki T, Gondo Y, Ikebe K, Kamide K, Yamamoto K. Association between serum vitamin D levels and skeletal muscle indices in an older Japanese population: The SONIC study. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024. [PMID: 39091107 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
AIM Vitamin D (VD) affects skeletal muscles. The high prevalence of VD deficiency in Japan may lead to decreased skeletal muscle mass and strength, increasing the prevalence of sarcopenia. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between serum VD levels and skeletal muscle indices in a Japanese community-dwelling older population. METHODS We extracted data from the Septuagenarians, Octogenarians, Nonagenarians Investigation with Centenarians (SONIC) study. We analyzed the data for participants in the 70s and 90s age groups. Skeletal mass index (SMI) using bioimpedance analysis, grip strength, walking speed, and serum VD levels using 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] were measured. RESULTS We analyzed the data of 310 participants in their 70s and 48 in their 90s. Mean serum 25(OH)D levels were 21.6 ± 5.0 ng/mL in the 70s group and 23.4 ± 9.1 ng/mL in the 90s group. In the 70s group, serum 25(OH)D levels correlated with SMI (r = 0.21, P < 0.0001) and grip strength (r = 0.30, P < 0.0001). Serum 25(OH)D levels were independently associated with SMI after adjusting for sex, body mass index, and serum albumin levels. In the 90s group, serum 25(OH)D levels were correlated with SMI (r = 0.29, P = 0.049) and grip strength (r = 0.34, P = 0.018). However, the multivariate analysis showed no independent association between SMI, grip strength, and serum 25(OH)D levels. CONCLUSION In a cross-sectional analysis of an older population, serum VD levels were associated with SMI and grip strength, and this association was more pronounced in the 70s group than in the 90s group. Our results suggest that serum VD levels maintain skeletal muscle mass and grip strength. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; ••: ••-••.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Onishi
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akasaka
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kodai Hatta
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Ken Terashima
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Shino Yoshida
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yukiko Yasunobe
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Taku Fujimoto
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Masaaki Isaka
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kayo Godai
- Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Michiko Kido
- Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Mai Kabayama
- Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Ken Sugimoto
- Department of General Geriatric Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Yukie Masui
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Saori Yasumoto
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Madoka Ogawa
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakagawa
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Yasumichi Arai
- Center for Supercentenarian Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yasuyuki Gondo
- Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazunori Ikebe
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Japan
| | - Kei Kamide
- Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Koichi Yamamoto
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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Russo C, Santangelo R, Malaguarnera L, Valle MS. The "Sunshine Vitamin" and Its Antioxidant Benefits for Enhancing Muscle Function. Nutrients 2024; 16:2195. [PMID: 39064638 PMCID: PMC11279438 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathological states marked by oxidative stress and systemic inflammation frequently compromise the functional capacity of muscular cells. This progressive decline in muscle mass and tone can significantly hamper the patient's motor abilities, impeding even the most basic physical tasks. Muscle dysfunction can lead to metabolic disorders and severe muscle wasting, which, in turn, can potentially progress to sarcopenia. The functionality of skeletal muscle is profoundly influenced by factors such as environmental, nutritional, physical, and genetic components. A well-balanced diet, rich in proteins and vitamins, alongside an active lifestyle, plays a crucial role in fortifying tissues and mitigating general weakness and pathological conditions. Vitamin D, exerting antioxidant effects, is essential for skeletal muscle. Epidemiological evidence underscores a global prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, which induces oxidative harm, mitochondrial dysfunction, reduced adenosine triphosphate production, and impaired muscle function. This review explores the intricate molecular mechanisms through which vitamin D modulates oxidative stress and its consequent effects on muscle function. The aim is to evaluate if vitamin D supplementation in conditions involving oxidative stress and inflammation could prevent decline and promote or maintain muscle function effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Russo
- Section of Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Rosa Santangelo
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 97, 95124 Catania, Italy;
| | - Lucia Malaguarnera
- Section of Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Maria Stella Valle
- Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
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Inoue D, Inoue R. Mechanisms of osteoporosis associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Bone Miner Metab 2024:10.1007/s00774-024-01527-1. [PMID: 38977438 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-024-01527-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms due to inflammatory and destructive changes of the lung leading to progressive airflow obstruction. Fragility fractures associated with osteoporosis are among major comorbidities and have significant impacts on quality of life and prognosis of patients with COPD. Evidence suggests that both decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and impaired bone quality contribute to bone fragility and resultant fractures in COPD. Although various clinical risk factors of osteoporosis have been described, mechanisms of COPD-associated osteoporosis are still largely unknown. In addition, its specific treatment has not been established, either. Previous studies have suggested involvement of low BMI and sarcopenia in the pathogenesis of COPD-associated osteoporosis. In this narrative review, we will propose critical roles of vitamin D deficiency and inflammation, both of which are often present in COPD and may underlie the development of osteosarcopenia and impaired bone quality, ultimately causing fractures in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Inoue
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Third Department of Medicine, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, 3426-3 Anesaki, Ichihara-city, Chiba, 299-0111, Japan.
| | - Reiko Inoue
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Third Department of Medicine, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, 3426-3 Anesaki, Ichihara-city, Chiba, 299-0111, Japan
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Hosoyama T, Kawai‐Takaishi M, Iida H, Yamamoto Y, Nakamichi Y, Watanabe T, Takemura M, Kato S, Uezumi A, Matsui Y. Lack of vitamin D signalling in mesenchymal progenitors causes fatty infiltration in muscle. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024; 15:907-918. [PMID: 38533539 PMCID: PMC11154772 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have indicated the importance of muscle quality in addition to muscle quantity in sarcopenia pathophysiology. Intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), which originates from mesenchymal progenitors (MPs) in adult skeletal muscle, is a key factor affecting muscle quality in older adults, suggesting that controlling IMAT formation is a promising therapeutic strategy for sarcopenia. However, the molecular mechanism underlying IMAT formation in older adults has not been clarified. We recently found that the vitamin D receptor (VDR) is highly expressed in MPs in comparison to myotubes (P = 0.028, N = 3), indicating a potential role of vitamin D signalling in MPs. In this study, we aimed to clarify the role of vitamin D signalling in MP kinetics, with a focus on adipogenesis. METHODS MPs isolated from mouse skeletal muscles were subjected to adipogenic differentiation conditions with or without vitamin D (1α,25(OH)2D3, 100 nM) for 7 days, and adipogenicity was evaluated based on adipogenic marker expression. For in vivo analysis, tamoxifen-inducible MP-specific VDR-deficient (VdrMPcKO) mice were newly developed to investigate whether lack of vitamin D signalling in MPs is involved in IMAT formation. To induce muscle atrophy, VdrMPcKO male mice were subjected to tenotomy of the gastrocnemius muscle, and then muscle weight, myofibre cross-sectional area, adipogenic marker expression, and fatty infiltration into the muscle were evaluated at 3 weeks after operation (N = 3-4). In addition, a vitamin D-deficient diet was provided to wild-type male mice (3 and 20 months of age, N = 5) for 3 months to investigate whether vitamin D deficiency causes IMAT formation. RESULTS Vitamin D treatment nearly completely inhibited adipogenesis of MPs through Runx1-mediated transcriptional modifications of early adipogenic factors such as PPARγ (P = 0.0031) and C/EBPα (P = 0.0027), whereas VDR-deficient MPs derived from VdrMPcKO mice differentiated into adipocytes even in the presence of vitamin D (P = 0.0044, Oil-Red O+ area). In consistency with in-vitro findings, VdrMPcKO mice and mice fed a vitamin D-deficient diet exhibited fat deposition in atrophied (P = 0.0311) and aged (P = 0.0216) skeletal muscle, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D signalling is important to prevent fate decision of MPs towards the adipogenic lineage. As vitamin D levels decline with age, our data indicate that decreased vitamin D levels may be one of the causes of IMAT formation in older adults, and vitamin D signalling may be a novel therapeutic target for sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Hosoyama
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disease, Research InstituteNational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObuJapan
| | - Minako Kawai‐Takaishi
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disease, Research InstituteNational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObuJapan
| | - Hiroki Iida
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disease, Research InstituteNational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObuJapan
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Yoko Yamamoto
- Department of Surgical OncologyThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Yuko Nakamichi
- Institute for Oral ScienceMatsumoto Dental UniversityNaganoJapan
| | - Tsuyoshi Watanabe
- Center for Frailty and Locomotive SyndromeNational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObuJapan
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryNational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObuJapan
| | - Marie Takemura
- Center for Frailty and Locomotive SyndromeNational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObuJapan
| | - Shigeaki Kato
- Graduate School of Life Science and EngineeringIryo Sosei UniversityFukushimaJapan
- Research Institute of Innovative MedicineTokiwa FoundationFukushimaJapan
| | - Akiyoshi Uezumi
- Medical Institute of BioregulationKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yasumoto Matsui
- Center for Frailty and Locomotive SyndromeNational Center for Geriatrics and GerontologyObuJapan
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Alsagheir A, Al-Ashwal A, Binladen A, Alhuthil R, Joueidi F, Ramzan K, Imtiaz F. Clinical characteristics and long-term management for patients with vitamin D-dependent rickets type II: a retrospective study at a single center in Saudi Arabia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1365714. [PMID: 38872968 PMCID: PMC11169865 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1365714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hereditary Vitamin D-dependent rickets type II (HVDDR-type II) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by molecular variation in the gene encoding the vitamin D receptor (VDR). This study aims to evaluate phenotype and genotype characteristics and long-term follow-up of the largest group of patients with (HVDDR-type II) in Saudi Arabia. Methodology We conducted a retrospective chart review to collect the clinical, biochemical, and genetic data for all HVDDR-type II patients currently receiving treatment at King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Results A total of 42 patients, 57.1% female, and 42.9% male were included in the study. Seven patients were treated with high doses of oral calcium, while 35 patients were treated with IV calcium infusion. The median age at presentation was 15.5 months. Alopecia was found in 97.6%, 21.4% presented with bowing legs, 14.3% with delayed walking, 9.5% with seizure, and 2.4% presented with respiratory failure, while a family history of the disease was positive in 71.4% of total patients. Molecular genetic testing of the VDR gene in our cohort identified six different gene variants c.885 C>A (p.Tyr295Ter), c.88 C>T (p.Arg30Ter), c.1036G>A (p.Val346Met), c.820C>T (p.Arg274Cys), c.803 T>C (p.Ile268Thr), and c.2T>G (p.Met1?). Conclusion We are describing the largest cohort of patients with HVDDR-type II, their clinical biochemical findings, and the most prevalent genetic variants in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf Alsagheir
- Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Al-Ashwal
- Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Binladen
- Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad Alhuthil
- Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Joueidi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khushnooda Ramzan
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Centre of Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faiqa Imtiaz
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Centre of Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Roizen J, Long C, Casella A, Nguyen M, Danahy L, Seiler C, Lei M, Mark J. High dose dietary vitamin D allocates surplus calories to muscle and growth instead of fat via modulation of myostatin and leptin signaling. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4202165. [PMID: 38766160 PMCID: PMC11100886 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4202165/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Obesity occurs because the body stores surplus calories as fat rather than as muscle. Fat secretes a hormone, leptin, that modulates energy balance at the brain. Changes in fat mass are mirrored by changes in serum leptin. Elevated leptin prompts the brain to decrease appetite and increase energy expenditure. In obesity, however, impaired leptin sensitivity mutes these leptin-mediated changes. We have limited understanding of what controls leptin production by fat or leptin sensitivity in the brain. Muscle produces a hormone, myostatin, that plays a role in muscle analogous to the one that leptin plays in fat. Absent myostatin leads to increased muscle mass and strength. As with leptin, we also do not know what controls myostatin production or sensitivity. Although fat mass and muscle mass are closely linked, the interplay between leptin and myostatin remains obscure. Here we describe an interplay linked thru vitamin D. Conventionally, it is thought that vitamin D improves strength via trophic effects at the muscle. However, we find here that high dose dietary vitamin D allocates excess calories to muscle and linear growth instead of storage as fat. Vitamin D mediates this allocation by decreasing myostatin production and increasing leptin production and sensitivity. That is, high dose vitamin D improves integration of organismal energy balance. Obesity, aging and other chronic inflammatory diseases are associated with increased fat mass and decreased muscle mass and function (e.g. sarcopenia). Our work provides a physiologic framework for how high-dose vitamin D would increase allocation of calories to muscle instead of fat in these pathologies. Additionally, our work reveals a novel link between the myostatin and leptin signaling whereby myostatin conveys energy needs to modulate leptin effects on calorie allocation. This result provides evidence to update the conventional model of energy stores sensing to a new model of energy balance sensing. In our proposed model, integration of leptin and myostatin signaling allows control of body composition independent of weight. Furthermore, our work reveals how physiologic seasonal variation in vitamin D may be important in controlling season-specific metabolism and calorie allocation to fat in winter and muscle and growth in summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Roizen
- Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div Endocrinol & Diabet, 34th & Civ Ctr Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Caela Long
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Alex Casella
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Michael Nguyen
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Lo Danahy
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | | | - Meizan Lei
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - Julian Mark
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
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Das A, Jawla N, Meena V, Gopinath SD, Arimbasseri GA. Lack of vitamin D signalling shifts skeletal muscles towards oxidative metabolism. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024; 15:67-80. [PMID: 38041597 PMCID: PMC10834326 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mice lacking vitamin D receptor (VDR) exhibit a glycogen storage disorder, disrupting carbohydrate utilization in muscle. Here, we asked if the defective carbohydrate metabolism alters the fat utilization by the skeletal muscles of vdr-/- mice. METHODS To check the effect of high-fat-containing diets on muscle mass and metabolism of vdr-/- mice, we subjected them to two different milk fat-based diets (milk fat diet with 60% of energy from milk fat and milk-based diet [MBD] with 37% of energy from milk fat) and lard-based high-fat diet (HFD) containing 60% of energy from lard fat. Skeletal muscles and pancreas from these mice were analysed using RNA sequencing, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot to understand the changes in signalling and metabolic pathways. Microscopic analyses of cryosections stained with haematoxylin and eosin, BODIPY, succinate dehydrogenase and periodic acid-Schiff reagent were performed to understand changes in morphology and metabolism of muscle fibres and pancreatic islets. RESULTS Transcriptomic analyses showed that the skeletal muscles of vdr-/- mice exhibit upregulation of the fatty acid oxidation pathways, suggesting a shift towards increased lipid utilization even in a carbohydrate-enriched regular chow diet (chow). Two different milk fat-enriched diets restored body weight (12.01 ± 0.33 g in chow vs. 17.99 ± 0.62 g in MBD) and muscle weights (38.58 ± 3.84 mg in chow vs. 110.72 ± 1.96 mg in MBD for gastrocnemius [GAS]) of vdr-/- mice. Muscle ATP levels (0.56 ± 0.18 μmol in chow vs. 1.48 ± 0.08 μmol in MBD) and protein synthesis (0.25 ± 0.04 A.U. in chow vs. 2.02 ± 0.06 A.U. in MBD) were upregulated by MBD. However, despite increasing muscle energy levels, HFD failed to restore the muscle mass and cross-sectional area to that of wild-type (WT) mice (104.95 ± 2.6 mg for WT mice on chow vs. 77.26 ± 1.7 mg for vdr-/- mice on HFD for GAS). Moreover, HFD disrupted glucose homeostasis in vdr-/- mice, while MBD restored it. We further analysed insulin response and pancreatic insulin levels of these mice to show that HFD led to reduced insulin levels in pancreatic beta cells of vdr-/- mice (mean intensity of 1.5 × 10-8 for WT mice on chow vs. 4.3 × 10-9 for vdr-/- mice on HFD). At the same time, MBD restored glucose-stimulated pancreatic insulin response (mean intensity of 9.2 × 10-9 ). CONCLUSIONS Skeletal muscles of vdr-/- mice are predisposed to utilize fatty acids as their primary energy source to circumvent their defective carbohydrate utilization. Thus, HFDs could restore energy levels in the skeletal muscles of vdr-/- mice. This study reveals that when mice are subjected to a lard-based HFD, VDR signalling is essential for maintaining insulin levels in pancreatic islets. Our data show a critical role of VDR in muscle metabolic flexibility and pancreatic insulin response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamica Das
- Molecular Genetics LaboratoryNational Institute of ImmunologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Neha Jawla
- Molecular Genetics LaboratoryNational Institute of ImmunologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Vaidehee Meena
- Molecular Genetics LaboratoryNational Institute of ImmunologyNew DelhiIndia
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Alliband KH, Parr T, Jethwa PH, Brameld JM. Active vitamin D increases myogenic differentiation in C2C12 cells via a vitamin D response element on the myogenin promoter. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1322677. [PMID: 38264331 PMCID: PMC10804454 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1322677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Skeletal muscle development during embryogenesis depends on proliferation of myoblasts followed by differentiation into myotubes/multinucleated myofibers. Vitamin D (VD) has been shown to affect these processes, but there is conflicting evidence within the current literature on the exact nature of these effects due to a lack of time course data. With 20%-40% of pregnant women worldwide being VD deficient, it is crucial that a clearer understanding of the impact of VD on myogenesis is gained. Methods: A detailed 8-day differentiation time course was used where C2C12 cells were differentiated in control media (2% horse serum) or with different concentrations of active VD, 1,25 (OH)2D3 (10-13 M, 10-11 M, 10-9 M or 10-7 M), and measurements were taken at 6 time points. DNA, creatine kinase and protein assays were carried out as well as quantitative PCR to determine expression of Myf5, MyoD, myogenin, MHC I, and MHC neonatal, MHC embryonic, MHC IIa, MHC IIx, and MHC IIb mRNAs. Transfections were carried out using one vector containing the myogenin promoter and another containing the same promoter with a 3 base mutation within a putative vitamin D response element (VDRE) to determine effects of 1,25 (OH)2D3 on myogenin transcription. Finally, a ChIP assay was performed to determine whether the VD receptor (VDR) binds to the putative VDRE. Results: 1,25(OH)2D3 caused an inhibition of proliferation and an increase in differentiation in C2C12 cells. Myf5, myogenin, MHC I, and MHC neonatal, MHC embryonic, MHC IIa, MHC IIx, and MHC IIb expression were all increased by 1,25(OH)2D3. Myotube size was also increased by VD. When the putative VDRE on the myogenin promoter was mutated, the increase in expression by VD was lost. ChIP analysis revealed that the VDR does bind to the putative VDRE on the myogenin promoter. Conclusion: Active VD directly increases myogenin transcription via a functional VDRE on the myogenin promoter, resulting in increased myogenic differentiation, increased expression of both the early and late MHC isoforms, and also increased myotube size. These results highlight the importance of VD status during pregnancy for normal myogenesis to occur, but further in vivo work is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John M. Brameld
- Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom
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Lalunio H, Parker L, Hanson ED, Gregorevic P, Levinger I, Hayes A, Goodman CA. Detecting the vitamin D receptor (VDR) protein in mouse and human skeletal muscle: Strain-specific, species-specific and inter-individual variation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 578:112050. [PMID: 37683909 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D, and its receptor (VDR), play roles in muscle development/function, however, VDR detection in muscle has been controversial. Using different sample preparation methods and antibodies, we examined differences in muscle VDR protein abundance between two mouse strains and between mice and humans. The mouse D-6 VDR antibody was not reliable for detecting VDR in mouse muscle, but was suitable for human muscle, while the rabbit D2K6W antibody was valid for mouse and human muscle. VDR protein was generally lower in muscles from C57 B l/6 than FVB/N mice and was higher in human than mouse muscle. Two putative VDR bands were detected in human muscle, possibly representing VDR isoforms/splice variants, with marked inter-individual differences. This study provides new information on detecting VDR in muscle and on inter-mouse strain and inter-human individual differences in VDR expression. These findings may have implications for future pre-clinical and clinical studies and prompt further investigation to confirm possible VDR isoforms in human muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Lalunio
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lewan Parker
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Erik D Hanson
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Gregorevic
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology, The University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alan Hayes
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Craig A Goodman
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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11
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Mori R, Mae M, Yamanaka H, Kato S, Masuyama R. Locomotor function of skeletal muscle is regulated by vitamin D via adenosine triphosphate metabolism. Nutrition 2023; 115:112117. [PMID: 37531790 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES During musculoskeletal development, the vitamin D endocrine system is crucial, because vitamin D-dependent calcium absorption is a major regulator of bone growth. Because exercise regimens depend on bone mass, the direct action of active vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3]) on musculoskeletal performance should be determined. METHODS To evaluate the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on muscle tissue, the vitamin D receptor (Vdr) gene was genetically inactivated in mouse skeletal muscle and the role of 1,25(OH)2D3-VDR signaling on locomotor function was assessed. The direct action of 1,25(OH)2D3 on muscle development was determined using cultured C2C12 cells with myogenic differentiation. RESULTS The lack of Vdr activity in skeletal muscle decreased spontaneous locomotor activity, suggesting that the skeletal muscle performance depended on 1,25(OH)2D3-VDR signaling. Bone phenotypes, reduced femoral bone mineral density, and accelerated osteoclast bone resorption were confirmed in mice lacking skeletal muscle Vdr activity. In vitro study revealed that the treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 decreased the cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-to-adenosine monophosphate ratio without reducing ATP production. Remarkably, protein expressions of connexin 43, an ATP releaser to extracellular space, and ATP metabolizing enzyme ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 were increased responding to 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment. Furthermore, the concentration of pyrophosphate in the culture medium, which inhibits tissue calcification, was increased with 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment. In the presence of 1,25(OH)2D3-VDR signaling, calcium accumulation was suppressed in both muscle samples isolated from mice and in cultured C2C12 cells. CONCLUSIONS This study dissected the physiological functions of 1,25(OH)2D3-VDR signaling in muscle and revealed that regulation of ATP dynamics is involved in sustaining locomotor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risako Mori
- Graduate School of Gastronomy Management, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Megumi Mae
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hitoki Yamanaka
- Division of Animal Research, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Kato
- Health Sciences Research Center, Iryo Sosei University, Iwaki, Fukushima, Japan; Research Institute of Innovative Medicine, Tokiwa Foundation, Iwaki, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Masuyama
- Graduate School of Gastronomy Management, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan.
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12
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Agoncillo M, Yu J, Gunton JE. The Role of Vitamin D in Skeletal Muscle Repair and Regeneration in Animal Models and Humans: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:4377. [PMID: 37892452 PMCID: PMC10609905 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency, prevalent worldwide, is linked to muscle weakness, sarcopenia, and falls. Muscle regeneration is a vital process that allows for skeletal muscle tissue maintenance and repair after injury. PubMed and Web of Science were used to search for studies published prior to May 2023. We assessed eligible studies that discussed the relationship between vitamin D, muscle regeneration in this review. Overall, the literature reports strong associations between vitamin D and skeletal myocyte size, and muscle regeneration. In vitro studies in skeletal muscle cells derived from mice and humans showed vitamin D played a role in regulating myoblast growth, size, and gene expression. Animal studies, primarily in mice, demonstrate vitamin D's positive effects on skeletal muscle function, such as improved grip strength and endurance. These studies encompass vitamin D diet research, genetically modified models, and disease-related mouse models. Relatively few studies looked at muscle function after injury, but these also support a role for vitamin D in muscle recovery. The human studies have also reported that vitamin D deficiency decreases muscle grip strength and gait speed, especially in the elderly population. Finally, human studies reported the benefits of vitamin D supplementation and achieving optimal serum vitamin D levels in muscle recovery after eccentric exercise and surgery. However, there were no benefits in rotator cuff injury studies, suggesting that repair mechanisms for muscle/ligament tears may be less reliant on vitamin D. In summary, vitamin D plays a crucial role in skeletal muscle function, structural integrity, and regeneration, potentially offering therapeutic benefits to patients with musculoskeletal diseases and in post-operative recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Agoncillo
- Centre for Diabetes, Obesity and Endocrinology (CDOE), The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2145, Australia
| | - Josephine Yu
- Centre for Diabetes, Obesity and Endocrinology (CDOE), The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2145, Australia
| | - Jenny E. Gunton
- Centre for Diabetes, Obesity and Endocrinology (CDOE), The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2145, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2145, Australia
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney 2145, Australia
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13
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Bouillon R, LeBoff MS, Neale RE. Health Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation: Lessons Learned From Randomized Controlled Trials and Mendelian Randomization Studies. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:1391-1403. [PMID: 37483080 PMCID: PMC10592274 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D plays an important role in calcium homeostasis and many cellular processes. Although vitamin D supplements are widely recommended for community-dwelling adults, definitive data on whether these supplements benefit clinically important skeletal and extraskeletal outcomes have been conflicting. Although observational studies on effects of vitamin D on musculoskeletal and extraskeletal outcomes may be confounded by reverse causation, randomized controlled studies (RCTs) and Mendelian randomization (MR) studies can help to elucidate causation. In this review, we summarize the recent findings from large RCTs and/or MR studies of vitamin D on bone health and risk of fractures, falls, cancer, and cardiovascular disease, disorders of the immune system, multiple sclerosis, and mortality in community-dwelling adults. The primary analyses indicate that vitamin D supplementation does not decrease bone loss, fractures, falls, cancer incidence, hypertension, or cardiovascular risk in generally healthy populations. Large RCTs and meta-analyses suggest an effect of supplemental vitamin D on cancer mortality. The existence of extraskeletal benefits of vitamin D supplementations are best documented for the immune system especially in people with poor vitamin D status, autoimmune diseases, and multiple sclerosis. Accumulating evidence indicates that vitamin D may reduce all-cause mortality. These findings, in mostly vitamin D-replete populations, do not apply to older adults in residential communities or adults with vitamin D deficiency or osteoporosis. The focus of vitamin D supplementation should shift from widespread use in generally healthy populations to targeted vitamin D supplementation in select individuals, good nutritional approaches, and elimination of vitamin D deficiency globally. © 2023 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Bouillon
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Mebabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Meryl S LeBoff
- Calcium and Bone Section, Endocrine, Diabetes and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel E Neale
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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14
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Calvani R, Picca A, Coelho-Júnior HJ, Tosato M, Marzetti E, Landi F. "Diet for the prevention and management of sarcopenia". Metabolism 2023:155637. [PMID: 37352971 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a geriatric condition characterized by a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, with an increased risk of adverse health outcomes (e.g., falls, disability, institutionalization, reduced quality of life, mortality). Pharmacological remedies are currently unavailable for preventing the development of sarcopenia, halting its progression, or impeding its negative health outcomes. The most effective strategies to contrast sarcopenia rely on the adoption of healthier lifestyle behaviors, including adherence to high-quality diets and regular physical activity. In this review, the role of nutrition in the prevention and management of sarcopenia is summarized. Special attention is given to current "blockbuster" dietary regimes and agents used to counteract age-related muscle wasting, together with their putative mechanisms of action. Issues related to the design and implementation of effective nutritional strategies are discussed, with a focus on unanswered questions on the most appropriate timing of nutritional interventions to preserve muscle health and function into old age. A brief description is also provided on new technologies that can facilitate the development and implementation of personalized nutrition plans to contrast sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Calvani
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, 70100 Casamassima, Italy.
| | - Hélio José Coelho-Júnior
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Tosato
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesco Landi
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.
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15
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Sutherland JP, Zhou A, Hyppönen E. Muscle Traits, Sarcopenia, and Sarcopenic Obesity: A Vitamin D Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:2703. [PMID: 37375607 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Observational studies associate vitamin D deficiency with muscle disorders, while some clinical trial data support a minor association between the vitamin and skeletal muscle performance in healthy subjects. Vitamin D receptor knockout mice studies confirm the relationship between vitamin D and skeletal muscle; however, causal inference in humans is challenging due to the ethical implications of including vitamin D-deficient participants in randomized trials. This study uses genetic methods to safely explore causal underpinnings for the relationship between 25(OH)D concentrations and skeletal muscle-related traits, including grip strength and combined arm skeletal muscle mass, and extends this analysis to suspected pathophysiology in the form of probable sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity. (2) Methods: We conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses in up to 307,281 participants from the UK Biobank of whom 25,414 had probable sarcopenia and 16,520 had sarcopenic obesity. In total, 35 variants were used to instrument 25(OH)D and MR analyses conducted using multiple approaches. (3) Results: Genetic analyses provided support for a relationship between genetically predicted higher 25(OH)D and skeletal muscle traits, with linear MR analyses for grip strength showing 0.11 kg (95% CI 0.04, 0.19) greater contractile force per 10 unit higher 25(OH)D, while there was a modest association with skeletal muscle mass (0.01 kg (95% CI 0.003, 0.02) greater muscle mass). For probable sarcopenia risk, there was suggestive evidence for lower odds by higher 25(OH)D (OR 0.96 (95% CI 0.92, 1.00)); however, this did not reflect an association with sarcopenic obesity (OR 0.97 (95% CI 0.93, 1.02)), but was seen in probable sarcopenia cases who were not obese (OR 0.92 (95% CI 0.86, 0.98)). Results were similar across multiple MR approaches. (4) Conclusions: Our study supports a causal relationship between 25(OH)D and skeletal muscle health. While evidence for benefit did not extend to lower risk of sarcopenic obesity, effective vitamin D-deficiency prevention strategies may help reduce age-related muscle weakness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Sutherland
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, Unit of Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
| | - Ang Zhou
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, Unit of Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide 5000, Australia
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Elina Hyppönen
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, Unit of Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide 5000, Australia
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16
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Ekşi MŞ, Orhun Ö, Demir YN, Kara M, Berikol G, Özcan-Ekşi EE. Are serum thyroid hormone, parathormone, calcium, and vitamin D levels associated with lumbar spine degeneration? A cross-sectional observational clinical study. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2023; 32:1561-1574. [PMID: 36976340 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-023-07673-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Low back pain (LBP) impairs the quality of life and rises healthcare costs. The association of spine degeneration and LBP with metabolic disorders have been reported, previously. However, metabolic processes related with spine degeneration remained unclear. We aimed to analyze whether serum thyroid hormones, parathormone, calcium, and vitamin D levels were associated with lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), Modic changes, and fatty infiltration in the paraspinal muscles. METHODS We cross-sectionally analyzed a retrospective database. Patients who visited internal medicine outpatient clinics with suspect of endocrine disorders and chronic LBP were searched. Patients with biochemistry results within 1 week before lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were included. Age- and gender-matched cohorts were made-up and analyzed. RESULTS Patients with higher serum free thyroxine levels were more likely to have severe IVDD. They were also more likely to have fattier multifidus and erector spinae at upper lumbar levels, less fatty psoas and less Modic changes at lower lumbar levels. Higher PTH levels were observed in patients with severe IVDD at L4-L5 level. Patients with lower serum vitamin D and calcium levels had more Modic changes and fattier paraspinal muscles at upper lumbar levels. CONCLUSION Serum hormone, vitamin D, and calcium levels were associated with not only IVDD and Modic changes but also with fatty infiltration in the paraspinal muscles, mainly at upper lumbar levels in patients with symptomatic backache presenting to a tertiary care center. Complex inflammatory, metabolic, and mechanical factors present in the backstage of spine degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Şakir Ekşi
- Associate Professor of Neurosurgery, FSM Training and Research Hospital, Neurosurgery Clinic, Göztepe Mah. Mesire Sok. Tütüncü Mehmet Efendi Cad. No: 3/34 Kadıkoy, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ömer Orhun
- School of Medicine, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yaren Nur Demir
- School of Medicine, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Müjdat Kara
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gürkan Berikol
- Neurosurgery Clinic, Taksim Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emel Ece Özcan-Ekşi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
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17
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Pikó P, Bácsné Bába É, Kósa Z, Sándor J, Kovács N, Bács Z, Ádány R. Genetic Determinants of Leisure-Time Physical Activity in the Hungarian General and Roma Populations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054566. [PMID: 36901996 PMCID: PMC10003125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) is one of the modifiable lifestyle factors that play an important role in the prevention of non-communicable (especially cardiovascular) diseases. Certain genetic factors predisposing to LTPA have been previously described, but their effects and applicability on different ethnicities are unknown. Our present study aims to investigate the genetic background of LTPA using seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a sample of 330 individuals from the Hungarian general (HG) and 314 from the Roma population. The LTPA in general and three intensity categories of it (vigorous, moderate, and walking) were examined as binary outcome variables. Allele frequencies were determined, individual correlations of SNPs to LTPA, in general, were determined, and an optimized polygenetic score (oPGS) was created. Our results showed that the allele frequencies of four SNPs differed significantly between the two study groups. The C allele of rs10887741 showed a significant positive correlation with LTPA in general (OR = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.12-1.97; p = 0.006). Three SNPs (rs10887741, rs6022999, and rs7023003) were identified by the process of PGS optimization, whose cumulative effect shows a strong significant positive association with LTPA in general (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.16-1.70; p < 0.001). The oPGS showed a significantly lower value in the Roma population compared with the HG population (oPGSRoma: 2.19 ± SD: 0.99 vs. oPGSHG: 2.70 ± SD: 1.06; p < 0.001). In conclusion, the coexistence of genetic factors that encourage leisure-time physical activity shows a more unfavorable picture among Roma, which may indirectly contribute to their poor health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Pikó
- ELKH-DE Public Health Research Group, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Epidemiology and Surveillance Centre, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Bácsné Bába
- Institute of Sport Economics and Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsigmond Kósa
- Department of Health Methodology and Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Debrecen, 4400 Nyíregyháza, Hungary
| | - János Sándor
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Nóra Kovács
- ELKH-DE Public Health Research Group, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Bács
- Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Róza Ádány
- ELKH-DE Public Health Research Group, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Epidemiology and Surveillance Centre, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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18
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Vitamin D and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, should we stop the hype? A cross-sectional observational prospective study based on a geometric morphometrics approach. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2023; 32:1132-1139. [PMID: 36764946 PMCID: PMC9918399 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-023-07566-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is strong evidence supporting the presence of fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in Adolescents with Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS). Additionally, recent research investigating the relationship between vitamin D and AIS found a relation between them. We hypothesize a negative correlation between FA and vitamin D. METHODS We performed a surface scan of the torso of 53 AIS patients, a blood test to measure vitamin D and the radiographic Cobb angle. A correlation analysis between vitamin D and FA was carried out to test our hypothesis, and a regression of vitamin D on 3D shape was performed to observe shape differences between the vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency groups. RESULTS There was no correlation between vitamin D and FA. We found a strong negative correlation between vitamin D and the Cobb angle only in the premenarche group (n = 7; r = - 0.92). Differences in shape were observed between the deficiency and insufficiency groups, and that differences were related to the width of the torso, but not the rotation or lateral flexion. CONCLUSIONS Our results do not support the massive screening of vitamin D in AIS. Shape analysis revealed differences between the shape of the deficiency and insufficiency groups related to robustness. However, this finding had no relation with the scoliosis characteristics, it just reflected different body composition, and its importance should be explored in future.
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19
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Wada T, Miyazawa Y, Ikurumi M, Fuse K, Okekawa A, Onogi Y, Saito S, Tsuneki H, Sasaoka T. A transdermal treatment with MC903 ameliorates diet-induced obesity by reducing visceral fat and increasing myofiber thickness and energy consumption in mice. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2023; 20:10. [PMID: 36774476 PMCID: PMC9921322 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00732-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM MC903 is a synthetic derivative of vitamin D3 that has been designed to diminish its impact on calcium metabolism and is clinically used as a transdermal reagent for psoriasis. Animal studies showed that an oral or intraperitoneal vitamin D3 treatment prevented the development of obesity. In contrast, the bioavailability of orally administered vitamin D3 is reported to be low in obese patients. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the impact of a transdermal treatment with MC903 in established obese mice. We further studied the underlying mechanisms of MC903-mediated metabolic improvement. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male C57BL/6 J mice were fed standard chow or a 60% high-fat diet (HFD) for 7 weeks, and a transdermal treatment with MC903 on the ear auricle was initiated thereafter. The metabolic profiles of mice were analyzed during 4 weeks of treatment, and mice were dissected for histological and gene expression analyses. The direct impacts of MC903 and vitamin D3 were investigated using 3T3-L1 adipocytes and C2C12 myotubes in vitro. RESULTS HFD-fed mice showed significant increases in body and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) weights with enlarged adipocytes. They exhibited glucose intolerance, decreased oxygen consumption, and chronic inflammation in eWAT. The transdermal treatment with MC903 significantly ameliorated these metabolic abnormalities in HFD-fed mice without affecting food consumption. In accordance with enhanced energy metabolism, myofiber diameters and the expression of uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscle were significantly increased in MC903-treated HFD mice. In addition, vitamin D3 and MC903 both suppressed adipogenic differentiation and enhanced lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and increased UCP3 expression in cultured C2C12 myotubes. Furthermore, MC903 increased oxygen consumption and UCP3 knockdown significantly decreased them in C2C12 myotubes. CONCLUSIONS A transdermal treatment with MC903 increased myofiber diameter and energy metabolism and decreased visceral fat accumulation, thereby improving obesity and glucose intolerance in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Wada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Yuichiro Miyazawa
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194 Japan
| | - Misa Ikurumi
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194 Japan
| | - Kento Fuse
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194 Japan
| | - Akira Okekawa
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Onogi
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194 Japan ,grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XResearch Center for Pre-Disease Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shigeru Saito
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsuneki
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194 Japan ,grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XDepartment of Integrative Pharmacology, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Sasaoka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
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20
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Laaksi A, Laaksi I, Pihlajamäki H, Vaara JP, Luukkaala T, Kyröläinen H. Associations of serum 25(OH)D levels with physical performance and anabolic hormones in young men. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1049503. [PMID: 36824467 PMCID: PMC9941541 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1049503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The present study examined the association of vitamin D measured by serum 25(OH)D with physical performance outcomes and serum levels of anabolic hormones in young men. Methods: 412 young men (age 19 ± 1 year) entering their compulsory military service volunteered to participate in the study. The study consisted of two groups from two different military bases: Group A was studied in January and group B in July. The groups were first compared with each other and due to statistically significant (p < 0.001 analyzed with independent samples t-test) differences in physical condition (sit-up, push-up, and standing long jump-tests and testosterone levels) between the groups, groups were analyzed separately. The serum levels of 25(OH)D, testosterone (TES), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were analyzed by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Physical performance tests consisted of muscular fitness (sit-ups, push-ups, standing long jump) and aerobic fitness (12-minute-running) tests. The association of serum 25(OH)D with physical performance tests and anabolic hormones was analyzed using linear regression. Results: After controlling for the group, body mass index, and leisure-time physical activity, serum 25(OH)D level was positively associated with aerobic and muscular fitness (β = 0.15-0.20, all p < 0.05). Also, the participants with sufficient serum 25(OH)D levels (≥75 nmol/L) had better aerobic and muscular fitness and higher TES in group B, and better upper extremity muscular fitness in group A (all p < 0.05). In group A, there were 166 participants with serum levels of 25(OH) D < 75 nmol/L and 18 ≥ 75 nmol/L. In group B, the amounts were 92 (<75 nmol/L) and 136 (≥75 nmol/L), respectively. Conclusion: Serum 25(OH)D was positively associated with both aerobic and muscular fitness and those with sufficient vitamin D levels, had higher levels of TES. Thus, maintaining a sufficient serum 25(OH)D level may be beneficial for physical performance and anabolic state in young men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akseli Laaksi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland,*Correspondence: Akseli Laaksi,
| | - Ilkka Laaksi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland,Centre for Military Medicine, Finnish Defence Forces, Riihimäki, Finland
| | - Harri Pihlajamäki
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland,Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Jani P. Vaara
- Department of Leadership and Military Pedagogy, National Defence University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Luukkaala
- Research, Development and Innovation Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland,Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heikki Kyröläinen
- Department of Leadership and Military Pedagogy, National Defence University, Helsinki, Finland,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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21
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Kirwan R. Differential effects of vitamin D on upper and lower body fat-free mass: potential mechanisms. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:883-888. [PMID: 36352180 PMCID: PMC9646270 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07998-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D insufficiency is a global health concern and low vitamin D status is regularly associated with reduced muscle mass and sarcopenia in observational research. Recent research using Mendelian randomization (MR) has highlighted the potentially causal positive effect of serum vitamin D (25(OH)D) on total, trunk and upper body appendicular fat-free mass (FFM). However, no such effect was found in lower body FFM, a result that mirrors the outcomes of some vitamin D intervention studies. Here we review the current literature on vitamin D, muscle mass and strength and discuss some potential mechanisms for the differing effects of vitamin D on upper and lower body FFM. In particular, differences in distribution of the vitamin D receptor as well as androgen receptors, in the upper and lower body musculature, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kirwan
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
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22
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Yamada C, Kuwabara A, Sakai Y, Okuno C, Mine A, Misaki S, Nishikawa T, Inoue N, Kishimoto N, Nishizaki Y. Usefulness of Vitamin D Deficiency Questionnaire for Japanese (VDDQ-J) for Screening of Vitamin D Deficiency and Low Muscle Mass in Relatively Healthy Japanese Anti-Aging Health Checkup Examinees. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2023; 69:435-443. [PMID: 38171816 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.69.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The Vitamin D Deficiency Questionnaire for Japanese (VDDQ-J) has been developed as an alternative indicator of the vitamin D nutritional status when serum 25(OH)D measurement is unavailable. In the present study, we compared the usefulness of the VDDQ-J with that of serum 25(OH)D concentration and examined the relationship among vitamin D, DXA-based body composition, and muscle strength in 163 anti-aging health check examinees. The median age, 25(OH)D concentration and VDDQ-J score were 62.0 y, 20.1 ng/mL and 22.0 points, respectively. In total, 47.9% of the subjects had serum 25(OH)D concentrations of <20 ng/mL. The VDDQ-J score was significantly negatively correlated with the serum 25(OH)D concentration, and the positive predictive value for vitamin D deficiency was 86.3%. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 6.1%. Low 25(OH)D levels and high VDDQ-J scores were significantly associated with low muscle mass in both univariate analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The serum 25(OH)D level showed a significant negative correlation with body fat mass. The VDDQ-J score was selected as a significant determinant of low skeletal muscle mass index (<7.0 kg/m2 for men and <5.4 kg/m2 for women) by a multiple logistic regression analysis. In conclusion, the present study showed that a low vitamin D nutritional status as indicated by both low 25(OH)D levels, and high VDDQ-J scores was associated with low muscle mass and the VDDQ-J is considered useful not only for the detection of vitamin D deficiency but also in the screening of individuals with low muscle mass and a high risk of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chizumi Yamada
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine
- Tokai University Tokyo Hospital
| | - Akiko Kuwabara
- Department of Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Life and Ecology Osaka Metropolitan University
| | - Yurina Sakai
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Chiori Okuno
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Akina Mine
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Nagamu Inoue
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Noriaki Kishimoto
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine
- Tokai University Tokyo Hospital
| | - Yasuhiro Nishizaki
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine
- Tokai University Tokyo Hospital
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23
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Giustina A, Bouillon R, Dawson-Hughes B, Ebeling PR, Lazaretti-Castro M, Lips P, Marcocci C, Bilezikian JP. Vitamin D in the older population: a consensus statement. Endocrine 2023; 79:31-44. [PMID: 36287374 PMCID: PMC9607753 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03208-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper reports results from the 5th International Conference "Controversies in Vitamin D" that was held in Stresa, Italy, 15-18 September 2021. The conference is part of this series that started in 2017 and has been conducted annually since. The objective of these conferences is to identify timely and controversial topics related to Vitamin D. Dissemination of the results of the conference through publications in peer-reviewed journals is an important means by which the most up to date information can be shared with physicians, investigators, and other health care professionals. Vitamin D and aging, the subject of this paper was featured at the conference. METHODS Participants were selected to review available literature on assigned topics related to vitamin D and aging and to present their findings with illustrative material, the intent of which was to stimulate discussion and to arrive at a consensus. The presentations were directed towards the following areas: impact of aging on vitamin D production and levels; skeletal effects of vitamin D deficiency in the older population; falls and vitamin D in the aging; potential extra skeletal effects of vitamin D; and strategies to prevent vitamin D deficiency. A final topic was related to how vitamin D might influence the efficacy of vaccines for Covid-19. RESULTS Hypovitaminosis D can lead to several skeletal and extra-skeletal outcomes. Older adults are at risk for vitamin D deficiency as both production and metabolism of vitamin D change with aging due to factors, such as reduced sun exposure and reduced production capacity of the skin. Skeletal consequences of these age-related changes can include reduced bone mineral density, osteomalacia and fractures. Potential extra-skeletal effects can include added risks for falls, reduced muscle strength, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Strategies to avoid these vitamin D deficiency-related negative outcomes include sun exposure, food fortification, and supplementation. While aging does not diminish sufficient reserve capacity for cutaneous vitamin D production, concerns about skin cancers and practical matters for the institutionalized elderly limit this option. Supplementation with vitamin D is the best option either pharmacologically or through food fortification. Regardless of treatment strategies, interventions to restore sufficient vitamin D status will show positive results only in those who are truly deficient. Thus, treatment goals should focus on avoiding 25(OH)D serum levels <30 nmol/l, with a goal to reach levels >50 nmol/l. CONCLUSIONS The results of this conference has led to consensus on several issues. Vitamin D supplementation should be combined with calcium to reduce fractures in the older population. The goal for adequate Vitamin D status should be to reach a serum level of 25(OH)D >50 nmol/l. It appears that daily low-dose vitamin D regimens reduce the risk of falling, especially in the elderly, compared with infrequent, large bolus doses that may increase it. The role of Vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength remains to be clarified. On the other hand, supplementation decreases the risk of progression to T2D from prediabetes among those who are Vitamin Ddeficient. Of three possible strategies to establish vitamin D sufficiency - sunshine exposure, food fortification, and supplementation - the latter seems to be the most effective and practical in the aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Giustina
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, San Raffaele Vita-Salute University and IRCCS Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Roger Bouillon
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Aging, Leuven, KU, Belgium
| | - Bess Dawson-Hughes
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter R Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Marise Lazaretti-Castro
- Division of Endocrinology, Bone and Mineral Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paul Lips
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Section, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claudio Marcocci
- Department of Clinical and Internal Medicine, University of Pisa and Endocrine Unit 2, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - John P Bilezikian
- Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, NY, USA.
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24
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Mizuno T, Hosoyama T, Tomida M, Yamamoto Y, Nakamichi Y, Kato S, Kawai-Takaishi M, Ishizuka S, Nishita Y, Tange C, Shimokata H, Imagama S, Otsuka R. Influence of vitamin D on sarcopenia pathophysiology: A longitudinal study in humans and basic research in knockout mice. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:2961-2973. [PMID: 36237134 PMCID: PMC9745482 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D is an essential nutrient in musculoskeletal function; however, its relationship to sarcopenia remains ambiguous, and the mechanisms and targets of vitamin D activity have not been elucidated. This study aimed to clarify the role of vitamin D in mature skeletal muscle and its relationship with sarcopenia. METHODS This epidemiological study included 1653 community residents who participated in both the fifth and seventh waves of the National Institute for Longevity Sciences, Longitudinal Study of Aging and had complete background data. Participants were classified into two groups: vitamin D-deficient (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 20 ng/mL) and non-deficient (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D ≥ 20 ng/mL); they underwent propensity-score matching for background factors (age, sex, height, weight, comorbidities, smoker, alcohol intake, energy intake, vitamin D intake, steps, activity, season and sarcopenia). Changes in muscle strength and mass over the 4-year period were compared. For basic analysis, we generated Myf6CreERT2 Vitamin D Receptor (VDR)-floxed (VdrmcKO ) mice with mature muscle fibre-specific vitamin D receptor knockout, injected tamoxifen into 8-week-old mice and analysed various phenotypes at 16 weeks of age. RESULTS Grip strength reduction was significantly greater in the deficient group (-1.55 ± 2.47 kg) than in the non-deficient group (-1.13 ± 2.47 kg; P = 0.019). Appendicular skeletal muscle mass reduction did not differ significantly between deficient (-0.05 ± 0.79 kg) and non-deficient (-0.01 ± 0.74 kg) groups (P = 0.423). The incidence of new cases of sarcopenia was significantly higher in the deficient group (15 vs. 5 cases; P = 0.039). Skeletal muscle phenotyping of VdrmcKO mice showed no significant differences in muscle weight, myofibre percentage or myofibre cross-sectional area; however, both forelimb and four-limb muscle strength were significantly lower in VdrmcKO mice (males: forelimb, P = 0.048; four-limb, P = 0.029; females: forelimb, P < 0.001; four-limb, P < 0.001). Expression profiling revealed a significant decrease in expression of sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPase (SERCA) 1 (P = 0.019) and SERCA2a (P = 0.049) genes in the VdrmcKO mice. In contrast, expression of non-muscle SERCA2b and myoregulin genes showed no changes. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency affects muscle strength and may contribute to the onset of sarcopenia. Vitamin D-VDR signalling has minimal influence on the regulation of muscle mass in mature myofibres but has a significant influence on muscle strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Mizuno
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Musculoskeletal Disease, Geroscience Research Center, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Tohru Hosoyama
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disease, Geroscience Research Center, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Makiko Tomida
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Yoko Yamamoto
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Nakamichi
- Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Kato
- Graduate School of Life Science and Engineering, Iryo Sosei University, Fukushima, Japan.,Research Institute of Innovative Medicine, Tokiwa Foundation, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Minako Kawai-Takaishi
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disease, Geroscience Research Center, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Shinya Ishizuka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nishita
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Chikako Tange
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimokata
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan.,Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shiro Imagama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Rei Otsuka
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
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25
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Miao D, Goltzman D. Mechanisms of action of vitamin D in delaying aging and preventing disease by inhibiting oxidative stress. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2022; 121:293-318. [PMID: 36707138 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although several recent studies have shown that vitamin D supplementation beneficially decreases oxidative stress parameters, there is no consensus on this subject in humans. Thus the role of vitamin D supplementation has recently become a controversial topic because large intervention studies in humans have not shown significant benefits. These studies have indicated that supplementation with precursor forms of active vitamin D has no effect on all-cause mortality, cannot reduce the fracture risk of the elderly, cannot reduce the incidence of cancer or cardiovascular disease in the elderly, and cannot significantly reduce the incidence risk of diabetes in the elderly. However, a link between several age-related diseases and enhanced oxidative stress has been found in mice with insufficient or deficient 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), the active form of vitamin D, which indicates that reduced active vitamin D accelerates aging and age-related diseases by increasing oxidative stress. Furthermore, supplementation of exogenous 1,25(OH)2D3, or antioxidants, could dramatically postpone aging, prevent osteoporosis and spontaneous tumor development induced by 1,25(OH)2D insufficiency or deficiency, by inhibiting oxidative stress. Mechanistically, the antioxidative effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 are carried out via the vitamin D receptor (VDR) by activation of the Nrf2 oxidative stress response pathway though transcriptional or posttranscriptional activation of Nrf2 or transcriptional upregulation of Sirt1 and Bmi1 expression. Whether discrepancies between studies in humans and in mice reflect the different forms of vitamin D examined remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Goltzman
- McGill University Health Centre and McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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26
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Crescioli C. Vitamin D, exercise, and immune health in athletes: A narrative review. Front Immunol 2022; 13:954994. [PMID: 36211340 PMCID: PMC9539769 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.954994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D exerts important extra-skeletal effects, exhibiting an exquisite immune regulatory ability, affecting both innate and adaptive immune responses through the modulation of immunocyte function and signaling. Remarkably, the immune function of working skeletal muscle, which is fully recognized to behave as a secretory organ with immune capacity, is under the tight control of vitamin D as well. Vitamin D status, meaning hormone sufficiency or insufficiency, can push toward strengthening/stabilization or decline of immune surveillance, with important consequences for health. This aspect is particularly relevant when considering the athletic population: while exercising is, nowadays, the recommended approach to maintain health and counteract inflammatory processes, “too much” exercise, often experienced by athletes, can increase inflammation, decrease immune surveillance, and expose them to a higher risk of diseases. When overexercise intersects with hypovitaminosis D, the overall effects on the immune system might converge into immune depression and higher vulnerability to diseases. This paper aims to provide an overview of how vitamin D shapes human immune responses, acting on the immune system and skeletal muscle cells; some aspects of exercise-related immune modifications are addressed, focusing on athletes. The crossroad where vitamin D and exercise meet can profile whole-body immune response and health.
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27
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Lütke-Dörhoff M, Schulz J, Westendarp H, Visscher C, Wilkens MR. Dietary supplementation of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol as an alternative to cholecalciferol in swine diets: A review. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2022; 106:1288-1305. [PMID: 36045590 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD3 ) formed via hepatic hydroxylation from vitamin D, cholecalciferol, represents the precursor of the biologically active vitamin D hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Due to a higher absorption rate and the omission of one hydroxylation, dietary supplementation of 25-OHD3 instead of vitamin D3 is considered to be more efficient as plasma concentrations of 25-OHD3 are increased more pronounced. The present review summarises studies investigating potential beneficial effects on mineral homeostasis, bone metabolism, health status and performance in sows, piglets and fattening pigs. Results are inconsistent. While most studies could not demonstrate any or only a slight impact of partial or total replacement of vitamin D3 by 25-OHD3 , some experiments indicated that 25-OHD3 might alter physiological processes when animals are challenged, for example, by a restricted mineral supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lütke-Dörhoff
- Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany.,Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape Architecture, Hochschule Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jochen Schulz
- Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany
| | - Heiner Westendarp
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape Architecture, Hochschule Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Christian Visscher
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany
| | - Mirja R Wilkens
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Nutrition Diseases and Dietetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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28
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Reis NG, Assis AP, Lautherbach N, Gonçalves DA, Silveira WA, Morgan HJN, Valentim RR, Almeida LF, Heck LC, Zanon NM, Koike TE, Santos AR, Miyabara EH, Kettelhut IC, Navegantes LC. Maternal vitamin D deficiency affects the morphology and function of glycolytic muscle in adult offspring rats. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:2175-2187. [PMID: 35582969 PMCID: PMC9398225 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal stage is a critical developmental window for the skeletal muscle, but little information is available about the impact of maternal vitamin D (Vit. D) deficiency (VDD) on offspring lean mass development in the adult life of male and female animals. METHODS Female rats (Wistar Hannover) were fed either a control (1000 IU Vit. D3/kg) or a VDD diet (0 IU Vit. D3/kg) for 6 weeks and during gestation and lactation. At weaning, male and female offspring were randomly separated and received a standard diet up to 180 days old. RESULTS Vitamin D deficiency induced muscle atrophy in the male (M-VDD) offspring at the end of weaning, an effect that was reverted along the time. Following 180 days, fast-twitch skeletal muscles [extensor digitorum longus (EDL)] from the M-VDD showed a decrease (20%; P < 0.05) in the number of total fibres but an increase in the cross-sectional area of IIB (17%; P < 0.05), IIA (19%; P < 0.05) and IIAX (21%; P < 0.05) fibres. The fibre hypertrophy was associated with the higher protein levels of MyoD (73%; P < 0.05) and myogenin (55% %; P < 0.05) and in the number of satellite cells (128.8 ± 14 vs. 91 ± 7.6 nuclei Pax7 + in the M-CTRL; P < 0.05). M-VDD increased time to fatigue during ex vivo contractions of EDL muscles and showed an increase in the phosphorylation levels of IGF-1/insulin receptor and their downstream targets related to anabolic processes and myogenic activation, including Ser 473 Akt and Ser 21/9 GSK-3β. In such muscles, maternal VDD induced a compensatory increase in the content of calcitriol (two-fold; P < 0.05) and CYP27B1 (58%; P < 0.05), a metabolizing enzyme that converts calcidiol to calcitriol. Interestingly, most morphological and biochemical changes found in EDL were not observed in slow-twitch skeletal muscles (soleus) from the M-VDD group as well as in both EDL and soleus muscles from the female offspring. CONCLUSIONS These data show that maternal VDD selectively affects the development of type-II muscle fibres in male offspring rats but not in female offspring rats and suggest that the enhancement of their size and fatigue resistance in fast-twitch skeletal muscle (EDL) is probably due to a compensatory increase in the muscle content of Vit. D in the adult age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natany G Reis
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana P Assis
- Department of Biochemistry & Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Natália Lautherbach
- Department of Biochemistry & Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Dawit A Gonçalves
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Wilian A Silveira
- Institute of Biological and Natural Science, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Henrique J N Morgan
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael R Valentim
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas F Almeida
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lilian C Heck
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Neusa M Zanon
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiana E Koike
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Audrei R Santos
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elen H Miyabara
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Isis C Kettelhut
- Department of Biochemistry & Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz C Navegantes
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Murashima M, Hamano T, Nishiyama T, Tsuruya K, Ogata S, Kanda E, Abe M, Masakane I, Nitta K. Performance Status Modifies the Association Between Vitamin D Receptor Activator and Mortality or Fracture: A Prospective Cohort Study on the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy (JSDT) Renal Data Registry. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:1489-1499. [PMID: 35689819 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Immobilization osteoporosis is characterized by excess bone resorption. Vitamin D receptor activators (VDRA) might have adverse effects in immobilized patients. The objective of this study was to elucidate the impact of performance status (PS) on the associations between VDRA use and outcomes among hemodialysis patients. This is a prospective cohort study. Adults on hemodialysis in the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy (JSDT) Renal Data Registry were included. Exposure of interest was the use of VDRA. Outcomes were all-cause mortality and hip fracture. Associations between VDRA use and mortality or hip fractures were examined by Cox and Poisson regression analyses, respectively. Among 208,512 subjects, 128,535 were on VDRA. Poor PS was associated with higher calcium (Ca), lower parathyroid hormone, and higher alkaline phosphatase levels. The association between higher Ca levels and VDRA use was stronger among those with poor PS (p interaction 0.007). Adjusted hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) for mortality and incidence rate ratio (IRR) for hip fracture was 1.02 (95% CI, 0.99-1.05) and 0.93 (0.86-1.00) among users of VDRA, respectively. The VDRA use was associated with lower mortality and incidence of hip fractures among subjects with good PS but not among subjects with poor PS (p interaction 0.03 and 0.05). Effect modification by PS was observed for cardiovascular (CV) mortality but not for non-CV mortality. In conclusion, VDRA use was associated with better outcomes only among those with good PS. These results suggest that bone and mineral disorders among hemodialysis patients should be treated differently, depending on their performance status. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Murashima
- Research Subcommittee of Japanese Renal Data Registry, Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hamano
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya City University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Renal Data Registry Committee, Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishiyama
- Department of Public Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Tsuruya
- Department of Nephrology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ogata
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Hiroshima International University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Kanda
- Renal Data Registry Committee, Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy, Bunkyo-ku, Japan.,Medical Science, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Masanori Abe
- Renal Data Registry Committee, Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy, Bunkyo-ku, Japan.,Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Japan
| | - Ikuto Masakane
- Renal Data Registry Committee, Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy, Bunkyo-ku, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Yabuki Hospital, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kosaku Nitta
- Renal Data Registry Committee, Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy, Bunkyo-ku, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Influences of Vitamin D and Iron Status on Skeletal Muscle Health: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132717. [PMID: 35807896 PMCID: PMC9268405 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
There is conflicting evidence of the roles vitamin D and iron have in isolation and combined in relation to muscle health. The purpose of this narrative review was to examine the current literature on the roles that vitamin D and iron have on skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function and how these nutrients are associated with skeletal muscle health in specific populations. Secondary purposes include exploring if low vitamin D and iron status are interrelated with skeletal muscle health and chronic inflammation and reviewing the influence of animal-source foods rich in these nutrients on health and performance. PubMed, Scopus, SPORT Discus, EMBAE, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases were searched to determine eligible studies. There was a positive effect of vitamin D on muscle mass, particularly in older adults. There was a positive effect of iron on aerobic and anaerobic performance. Studies reported mixed results for both vitamin D and iron on muscle strength and function. While vitamin D and iron deficiency commonly occur in combination, few studies examined effects on skeletal muscle health and inflammation. Isolated nutrients such as iron and vitamin D may have positive outcomes; however, nutrients within food sources may be most effective in improving skeletal muscle health.
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Russo C, Valle MS, Casabona A, Spicuzza L, Sambataro G, Malaguarnera L. Vitamin D Impacts on Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction in Patients with COPD Promoting Mitochondrial Health. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040898. [PMID: 35453648 PMCID: PMC9026965 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle dysfunction is frequently associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is characterized by a permanent airflow limitation, with a worsening respiratory disorder during disease evolution. In COPD, the pathophysiological changes related to the chronic inflammatory state affect oxidant–antioxidant balance, which is one of the main mechanisms accompanying extra-pulmonary comorbidity such as muscle wasting. Muscle impairment is characterized by alterations on muscle fiber architecture, contractile protein integrity, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Exogenous and endogenous sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are present in COPD pathology. One of the endogenous sources of ROS is represented by mitochondria. Evidence demonstrated that vitamin D plays a crucial role for the maintenance of skeletal muscle health. Vitamin D deficiency affects oxidative stress and mitochondrial function influencing disease course through an effect on muscle function in COPD patients. This review will focus on vitamin-D-linked mechanisms that could modulate and ameliorate the damage response to free radicals in muscle fibers, evaluating vitamin D supplementation with enough potent effect to contrast mitochondrial impairment, but which avoids potential severe side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Russo
- Section of Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Maria Stella Valle
- Section of Physiology, Laboratory of Neuro-Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonino Casabona
- Section of Physiology, Laboratory of Neuro-Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.S.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Lucia Spicuzza
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Gianluca Sambataro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Lucia Malaguarnera
- Section of Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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Oku Y, Noda S, Yamada A, Nakaoka K, Goseki-Sone M. wenty-eight days of vitamin D restriction and/or a high-fat diet influenced bone mineral density and body composition in young adult female rats. Ann Anat 2022; 243:151945. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2022.151945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Soto ME, Pérez-Torres I, Rubio-Ruiz ME, Manzano-Pech L, Guarner-Lans V. Interconnection between Cardiac Cachexia and Heart Failure—Protective Role of Cardiac Obesity. Cells 2022; 11:cells11061039. [PMID: 35326490 PMCID: PMC8946995 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cachexia may be caused by congestive heart failure, and it is then called cardiac cachexia, which leads to increased morbidity and mortality. Cardiac cachexia also worsens skeletal muscle degradation. Cardiac cachexia is the loss of edema-free muscle mass with or without affecting fat tissue. It is mainly caused by a loss of balance between protein synthesis and degradation, or it may result from intestinal malabsorption. The loss of balance in protein synthesis and degradation may be the consequence of altered endocrine mediators such as insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1, leptin, ghrelin, melanocortin, growth hormone and neuropeptide Y. In contrast to many other health problems, fat accumulation in the heart is protective in this condition. Fat in the heart can be divided into epicardial, myocardial and cardiac steatosis. In this review, we describe and discuss these topics, pointing out the interconnection between heart failure and cardiac cachexia and the protective role of cardiac obesity. We also set the basis for possible screening methods that may allow for a timely diagnosis of cardiac cachexia, since there is still no cure for this condition. Several therapeutic procedures are discussed including exercise, nutritional proposals, myostatin antibodies, ghrelin, anabolic steroids, anti-inflammatory substances, beta-adrenergic agonists, medroxyprogesterone acetate, megestrol acetate, cannabinoids, statins, thalidomide, proteasome inhibitors and pentoxifylline. However, to this date, there is no cure for cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Soto
- Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, México City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Israel Pérez-Torres
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, México City 14080, Mexico; (I.P.-T.); (L.M.-P.)
| | - María Esther Rubio-Ruiz
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, México City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Linaloe Manzano-Pech
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, México City 14080, Mexico; (I.P.-T.); (L.M.-P.)
| | - Verónica Guarner-Lans
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, México City 14080, Mexico;
- Correspondence:
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Das A, Gopinath SD, Arimbasseri GA. Systemic ablation of vitamin D receptor leads to skeletal muscle glycogen storage disorder in mice. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:467-480. [PMID: 34877816 PMCID: PMC8818613 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency leads to pathologies of multiple organ systems including skeletal muscle. Patients with severe vitamin D deficiency exhibit muscle weakness and are susceptible to frequent falls. Mice lacking a functional vitamin D receptor (VDR) develop severe skeletal muscle atrophy immediately after weaning. But the root cause of myopathies when vitamin D signalling is impaired is unknown. Because vitamin D deficiency leads to metabolic changes as well, we hypothesized that the skeletal muscle atrophy in mice lacking VDR may have a metabolic origin. METHODS We analysed wild-type (WT) mice as well as vitamin D receptor null (vdr-/-) mice for skeletal muscle proteostasis, energy metabolism, systemic glucose homeostasis, and muscle glycogen levels. Dysregulation of signalling pathways as well as the glycogen synthesis and utilization machinery were also analysed using western blots. qRT-PCR assays were performed to understand changes in mRNA levels. RESULTS Skeletal muscles of vdr-/- exhibited higher expression levels of muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases and showed increased protein ubiquitination, suggesting up-regulation of protein degradation. Foxo1 transcription factor was activated in vdr-/- while Foxo3 factor was unaffected. Fasting protein synthesis as well as mTORC1 pathways were severely down-regulated in vdr-/- mice. Skeletal muscle ATP levels were low in vdr-/- (0.58 ± 0.18 μmol/mL vs. 1.6 ± 0.0.14 μmol/mL, P = 0.006), leading to increased AMPK activity. Muscle energy deprivation was not caused by decreased mitochondrial activity as we found the respiratory complex II activity in vdr-/- muscles to be higher compared with WT (0.29 ± 0.007 mU/μL vs. 0.16 ± 0.005 mU/μL). vdr-/- mice had lower fasting blood glucose levels (95 ± 14.5 mg/dL vs. 148.6 ± 6.1 mg/dL, P = 0.0017) while they exhibited hyperlactataemia (7.42 ± 0.31 nmol/μL vs. 4.95 ± 0.44 nmol/μL, P = 0.0032), suggesting systemic energy deficiency in these mice. Insulin levels in these mice were significantly lower in response to intraperitoneal glucose injection (0.69 ± 0.08 pg/mL vs. 1.11 ± 0.09 pg/mL, P = 0.024). Skeletal muscles of these mice exhibit glycogen storage disorder characterized by increased glycogen accumulation. The glycogen storage disorder in vdr-/- muscles is driven by increased glycogen synthase activity and decreased glycogen phosphorylase activity. Increased glycogenin expression supports higher levels of glycogen synthesis in these muscles. CONCLUSIONS The results presented show that lack of vitamin D signalling leads to a glycogen storage defect in the skeletal muscles, which leads to muscle energy deprivation. The inability of vdr-/- skeletal muscles to use glycogen leads to systemic defects in glucose homeostasis, which in turn leads to proteostasis defects in skeletal muscles and atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamica Das
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Suchitra D Gopinath
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
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Yuzawa R, Koike H, Manabe I, Oishi Y. VDR regulates simulated microgravity-induced atrophy in C2C12 myotubes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1377. [PMID: 35082348 PMCID: PMC8791983 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05354-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle wasting is a major problem leading to reduced quality of life and higher risks of mortality and various diseases. Muscle atrophy is caused by multiple conditions in which protein degradation exceeds its synthesis, including disuse, malnutrition, and microgravity. While Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is well known to regulate calcium and phosphate metabolism to maintain bone, recent studies have shown that VDR also plays roles in skeletal muscle development and homeostasis. Moreover, its expression is upregulated in muscle undergoing atrophy as well as after muscle injury. Here we show that VDR regulates simulated microgravity-induced atrophy in C2C12 myotubes in vitro. After 8 h of microgravity simulated using 3D-clinorotation, the VDR-binding motif was associated with chromatin regions closed by the simulated microgravity and enhancer regions inactivated by it, which suggests VDR mediates repression of enhancers. In addition, VDR was induced and translocated into the nuclei in response to simulated microgravity. VDR-deficient C2C12 myotubes showed resistance to simulated microgravity-induced atrophy and reduced induction of FBXO32, an atrophy-associated ubiquitin ligase. These results demonstrate that VDR contributes to the regulation of simulated microgravity-induced atrophy at least in part by controlling expression of atrophy-related genes.
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Girgis CM, Brennan-Speranza TC. Vitamin D and Skeletal Muscle: Current Concepts From Preclinical Studies. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10575. [PMID: 34950830 PMCID: PMC8674777 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle weakness has been recognized as a hallmark feature of vitamin D deficiency for many years. Until recently, the direct biomolecular effects of vitamin D on skeletal muscle have been unclear. Although in the past, some reservations have been raised regarding the expression of the vitamin D receptor in muscle tissue, this special issue review article outlines the clear evidence from preclinical studies for not only the expression of the receptor in muscle but also the roles of vitamin D activity in muscle development, mass, and strength. Additionally, muscle may also serve as a dynamic storage site for vitamin D, and play a central role in the maintenance of circulating 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels during periods of low sun exposure. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Girgis
- Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia.,Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology Westmead Hospital Sydney NSW Australia.,Department of Endocrinology Royal North Shore Hospital Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Tara C Brennan-Speranza
- Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia.,School of Medical Sciences University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia.,School of Public Health University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
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Uchiyama M, Mizukami S, Arima K, Nishimura T, Tomita Y, Abe Y, Tanaka N, Honda Y, Goto H, Hasegawa M, Sou Y, Tsujimoto R, Kanagae M, Osaki M, Aoyagi K. Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and physical performance measures in middle-aged and old Japanese men and women: The Unzen study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261639. [PMID: 34941925 PMCID: PMC8699688 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Regarding epidemiological studies, the role of vitamin D in musculoskeletal functionality (muscle weakness and physical performance) among elderly people is still controversial. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the associations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and physical performance among community-dwelling middle-aged and old Japanese men and women. METHODS The subjects were community-dwelling 297 men and 415 women aged 50 years and over. Data on height (m) and weight (kg) were collected. Serum 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone, calcium, and albumin levels were measured. Serum 25(OH)D was classified into deficiency group: < 20 ng/mL, insufficiency group: 20-30 ng/mL, and sufficiency group: ≧ 30 ng/mL. Physical performance was assessed by grip strength, chair stand time, and functional reach. Information on current smoking, alcohol drinking, regular exercise, any comorbidities (hypertension, heart disease, diabetes mellitus, lung disease, and stroke), and pain (lumbar and knee) was collected. RESULTS Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency based on serum 25(OH)D levels were observed in 15.2% and 56.9% of men and 52.0% and 43.6% of women, respectively. In men, higher serum 25(OH)D levels were associated with better grip strength (p for trend = 0.003), chair stand time (p for trend = 0.042), and functional reach (p for trend <0.001). On the other hand, these parameters were not associated with serum 25(OH)D levels in women. CONCLUSION A higher level of serum 25(OH)D was associated with better physical performance in men but not in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Uchiyama
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mizukami
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Leading Medical Research Core Unit, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kazuhiko Arima
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nishimura
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Human Science, Faculty of Design, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Tomita
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- School of Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Therapy, Tokyo Professional University of Health Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Abe
- Department of Health and Nutrition Science, Nishikyusyu University, Kanzaki, Japan
| | - Natsumi Tanaka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagasaki Rosai Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuzo Honda
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Maiko Hasegawa
- Medical Policy Division, Nagasaki Prefectural Government, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Youko Sou
- National Health Insurance & Health Improvement Division, Nagasaki Prefectural Government, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ritsu Tsujimoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Kanagae
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nishi-Isahaya Hospital, Isahaya, Japan
| | - Makoto Osaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Aoyagi
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Leading Medical Research Core Unit, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Sakurai R, Singh H, Wang Y, Harb A, Gornes C, Liu J, Rehan VK. Effect of Perinatal Vitamin D Deficiency on Lung Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation and Injury Repair Potential. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:521-531. [PMID: 34126864 PMCID: PMC8641851 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0183oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells, including the resident lung mesenchymal stem cells (LMSCs), are critically important for injury repair. Compelling evidence links perinatal vitamin D (VD) deficiency to reactive airway disease; however, the effects of perinatal VD deficiency on LMSC function is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that perinatal VD deficiency alters LMSC proliferation, differentiation, and function, leading to an enhanced myogenic phenotype. We also determined whether LMSCs' effects on alveolar type II (ATII) cell function are paracrine. Using an established rat model of perinatal VD deficiency, we studied the effects of four dietary regimens (0, 250, 500, or 1,000 IU/kg cholecalciferol-supplemented groups). At Postnatal Day 21, LMSCs were isolated, and cell proliferation and differentiation (under basal and adipogenic induction conditions) were determined. LMSC paracrine effects on ATII cell proliferation and differentiation were determined by culturing ATII cells in LMSC-conditioned media from different experimental groups. Using flow cytometry, >95% of cells were CD45-ve, >90% were CD90 + ve, >58% were CD105 + ve, and >64% were Stro-1 + ve, indicating their stem cell phenotype. Compared with the VD-supplemented groups, LMSCs from the VD-deficient group demonstrated suppressed PPARγ, but enhanced Wnt signaling, under basal and adipogenic induction conditions. LMSCs from 250 VD- and 500 VD-supplemented groups effectively blocked the effects of perinatal VD deficiency. LMSC-conditioned media from the VD-deficient group inhibited ATII cell proliferation and differentiation compared with those from the 250 VD- and 500 VD-supplemented groups. These data support the concept that perinatal VD deficiency alters LMSC proliferation and differentiation, potentially contributing to increased respiratory morbidity seen in children born to mothers with VD deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Sakurai
- Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Torrance, California
| | - Himanshu Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Torrance, California
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Torrance, California
| | - Amir Harb
- Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Torrance, California
| | - Christine Gornes
- Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Torrance, California
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Torrance, California
| | - Virender K Rehan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Torrance, California
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Upadhaya SD, Chung TK, Jung YJ, Kim IH. Dietary 25(OH)D3 supplementation to gestating and lactating sows and their progeny affects growth performance, carcass characteristics, blood profiles and myogenic regulatory factor- related gene expression in wean-finish pigs. Anim Biosci 2021; 35:461-474. [PMID: 34727644 PMCID: PMC8902224 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This experiment investigated the effects of supplementing vitamin D3-fortified sow and progeny diets with 25(OH)D3 on growth performance, carcass characteristics, immunity, and pork meat quality. Methods The present study involved the assessment of supplementing the diet of sows and their progeny with or without 25 (OH)D3 in a 2×2 factorial arrangement on the performance and production characteristics of wean-finish pigs. Forty-eight multiparous sows were assigned to a basal diet containing 2000 IU/kg vitamin D3 and supplemented without (CON) or with (TRT) 50 μg/kg 25 (OH)D3. At weaning, a total of 80 pigs each from CON and TRT sows were allocated to weaning and growing-finishing basal diets fortified with 2,500 and 1,750 IU/kg vitamin D3 respectively and supplemented without or with 50 μg/kg 25(OH)D3. Results Sows fed 25(OH)D3-supplemented diets improved pre-weaning growth rate of nursing piglets. A significant sow and pig weaning diet effect was observed for growth rate and feed efficiency (p<0.05) during days 1 to 42 post-weaning. Pigs consuming 25(OH)D3-supplemented diets gained weight faster (p = 0.016), ate more (p = 0.044) and tended to convert feed to gain more efficiently (p = 0.088) than those fed CON diet between days 98 and 140 post-weaning. Supplemental 25(OH)D3 improved water holding capacity and reduced drip loss of pork meat, increased serum 25(OH)D3 level, produced higher interleukin-1 and lower interleukin-6 concentrations in blood circulation, downregulated myostatin (MSTN) and upregulated myogenic differentiation (MYOD) and myogenic factor 5 (MYF5) gene expressions (p<0.05). Conclusion Supplementing vitamin D3-fortified sow and wean-finish pig diets with 50 μg/kg 25(OH)D3 significantly improved production performance suggesting their current dietary vitamin D3 levels are insufficient. In fulfilling the total need for vitamin D, it is strongly recommended to add 50 μg/kg 25(OH)D3 “on top” to practical vitamin D3-fortified sow and wean-finish pig diets deployed under commercial conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santi Devi Upadhaya
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Korea
| | - Thau Kiong Chung
- DSM Nutritional Products Asia Pacific, Mapletree Business City, Singapore 117440, MapleTree Business City, Singapore
| | - Yeon Jae Jung
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Korea
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Davarzani S, Djafarian K, Clark CCT, Babaei N, Ghorbaninejad P, Ebaditabar M, Shab-Bidar S. The interaction of aging with serum 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2 D status on muscle strength. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14510. [PMID: 34118106 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the combination relationship of age with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) and 1,25-(OH)2D3 levels on muscle strength. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study on 270 subjects containing 115 men and 155 women. Serum concentration of 25(OH) D and 1,25-(OH)2D3 were assessed. Hand grip strength (HGS) was measured using a digital dynamometer. RESULTS There was no significant difference in mean of HGS among tertiles of 25(OH)D (P = .350) and 1,25(OH)2 D (P = .467) before and after controlling for potential confounding factors. A significant difference in HGS was found between age categories in both crude (P < .001) and adjusted models (P = .018), where mean grip strength increased in the three first age categories, but decreased in the last group (48-69 years old). There was also a significant interaction between age and 25(OH) D (P = .049) and 1,25-(OH)2D3 (P = .047) on HGS, in which the combination effect increased the mean of muscle strength up to middle age after adjusting for confounders. CONCLUSIONS Serum 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2 D were not related to muscle strength. However, age, and combination of age with both 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2 D, significantly resulted in improving in muscle strength up to middle age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Davarzani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Sport, Exercise, and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Nadia Babaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Parivash Ghorbaninejad
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Ebaditabar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Krasniqi E, Boshnjaku A, Wagner KH, Wessner B. Association between Polymorphisms in Vitamin D Pathway-Related Genes, Vitamin D Status, Muscle Mass and Function: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:3109. [PMID: 34578986 PMCID: PMC8465200 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An association between vitamin D level and muscle-related traits has been frequently reported. Vitamin D level is dependent on various factors such as sunlight exposure and nutrition. But also on genetic factors. We, therefore, hypothesize that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the vitamin D pathway-related genes could contribute to muscle mass and function via an impact on vitamin D level. However, the integration of studies investigating these issues is still missing. Therefore, this review aimed to systematically identify and summarize the available evidence on the association between SNPs within vitamin D pathway-related genes and vitamin D status as well as various muscle traits in healthy adults. The review has been registered on PROSPERO and was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. In total, 77 studies investigating 497 SNPs in 13 different genes were included, with significant associations being reported for 59 different SNPs. Variations in GC, CYP2R1, VDR, and CYP24A1 genes were reported most frequently, whereby especially SNPs in the GC (rs2282679, rs4588, rs1155563, rs7041) and CYP2R1 genes (rs10741657, rs10766197, rs2060793) were confirmed to be associated with vitamin D level in more than 50% of the respective studies. Various muscle traits have been investigated only in relation to four different vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms (rs7975232, rs2228570, rs1544410, and rs731236). Interestingly, all of them showed only very low confirmation rates (6-17% of the studies). In conclusion, this systematic review presents one of the most comprehensive updates of the association of SNPs in vitamin D pathway-related genes with vitamin D status and muscle traits in healthy adults. It might be used for selecting candidate SNPs for further studies, but also for personalized strategies in identifying individuals at risk for vitamin D deficiency and eventually for determining a potential response to vitamin D supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermira Krasniqi
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (E.K.); (K.-H.W.)
- Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Auf der Schmelz 6, 1150 Vienna, Austria;
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Arben Boshnjaku
- Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Auf der Schmelz 6, 1150 Vienna, Austria;
- Faculty of Medicine, University “Fehmi Agani” in Gjakova, Ismail Qemali n.n., 50000 Gjakovë, Kosovo
| | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (E.K.); (K.-H.W.)
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Wessner
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (E.K.); (K.-H.W.)
- Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Auf der Schmelz 6, 1150 Vienna, Austria;
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Bouillon R. Vitamin D: good or bad for muscle strength? J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1649-1650. [PMID: 34131947 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Bouillon
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Leuven, Belgium
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43
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Natural Compounds Attenuate Denervation-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158310. [PMID: 34361076 PMCID: PMC8348757 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The weight of skeletal muscle accounts for approximately 40% of the whole weight in a healthy individual, and the normal metabolism and motor function of the muscle are indispensable for healthy life. In addition, the skeletal muscle of the maxillofacial region plays an important role not only in eating and swallowing, but also in communication, such as facial expressions and conversations. In recent years, skeletal muscle atrophy has received worldwide attention as a serious health problem. However, the mechanism of skeletal muscle atrophy that has been clarified at present is insufficient, and a therapeutic method against skeletal muscle atrophy has not been established. This review provides views on the importance of skeletal muscle in the maxillofacial region and explains the differences between skeletal muscles in the maxillofacial region and other regions. We summarize the findings to change in gene expression in muscle remodeling and emphasize the advantages and disadvantages of denervation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy model. Finally, we discuss the newly discovered beneficial effects of natural compounds on skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Shim BJ, Lee MH, Lim JY, Gong HS. A longitudinal histologic evaluation of vitamin D receptor expression in the skeletal muscles of patients with a distal radius fracture. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:1387-1393. [PMID: 33452895 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05809-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We investigated the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the expression of muscle vitamin D receptor (VDR) and cross-sectional area (CSA) in patients with a distal radius fracture (DRF). Significant increases in VDR expression and CSA were observed, especially in vitamin D-deficient patients. PURPOSE Vitamin D supplementation is known to enhance muscle mass and function, but whether the VDR is essential in this process remains unknown. We evaluated the change in VDR expression and CSA in the forearm muscles following vitamin D supplementation in patients with a DRF. METHODS We prospectively recruited 18 women with a median age of 63.5 years who have a DRF. We obtained two biopsies of the forearm muscle, first at the time of fracture repair and then during hardware removal. We supplemented 1000 IU of vitamin D per day during a median interval of 8 months. We examined the changes in VDR expression and CSA by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The median serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] increased from 14.3 to 32.1 ng/mL (P = 0.001). The median VDR expression increased from 0.72 to 0.78 (P = 0.002), and the median CSA increased from 1290.0 to 1685.8 μm2 (P = 0.022). Significant increases in VDR expression and CSA were observed in vitamin D-deficient patients [25(OH)D] < 20 ng/mL, but not in vitamin D-non-deficient patients. The changes in VDR expression and CSA were in the same direction in 13 patients, but in the opposite direction in 5 patients. CONCLUSION Vitamin D supplementation may increase muscle VDR expression and CSA in patients with a DRF, especially in vitamin D-deficient patients. The increase in CSA without an increase in VDR expression in some patients indicates that the effect of vitamin D supplementation on muscle mass could be mediated by indirect effect of serum vitamin D restoration and by VDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Shim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Gumi-ro 173, 82 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seoungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13620, South Korea
| | - M H Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Gumi-ro 173, 82 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seoungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13620, South Korea
| | - J Y Lim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gumi-ro 173, 82 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seoungnam-si, 13620, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - H S Gong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Gumi-ro 173, 82 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seoungnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13620, South Korea.
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45
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Guo L, Miao Z, Ma H, Sergiy M. Effects of maternal vitamin D 3 status on meat quality
and fatty acids composition in offspring pigs. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/138652/2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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46
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Watson EL, Wilkinson TJ, O'Sullivan TF, Baker LA, Gould DW, Xenophontos S, Graham-Brown M, Major R, Jenkinson C, Hewison M, Philp A, Smith AC. Association between vitamin D deficiency and exercise capacity in patients with CKD, a cross-sectional analysis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 210:105861. [PMID: 33675951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence is growing for a role of vitamin D in regulating skeletal muscle mass, strength and functional capacity. Given the role the kidneys play in activating total vitamin D, and the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), it is possible that deficiency contributes to the low levels of physical function and muscle mass in these patients. METHODS This is a secondary cross-sectional analysis of previously published interventional study, with in vitro follow up work. 34 CKD patients at stages G3b-5 (eGFR 25.5 ± 8.3 mL/min/1.73m2; age 61 ± 12 years) were recruited, with a sub-group (n = 20) also donating a muscle biopsy. Vitamin D and associated metabolites were analysed in plasma by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectroscopy and correlated to a range of physiological tests of muscle size, function, exercise capacity and body composition. The effects of 1α,25(OH)2D3 supplementation on myogenesis and myotube size was investigated in primary skeletal muscle cells from vitamin D deficient donors. RESULTS In vivo, there was no association between total or active vitamin D and muscle size or strength, but a significant correlation with V̇O2Peak was seen with total vitamin D (25OHD). in vitro, 1α,25(OH)2D3 supplementation reduced IL-6 mRNA expression, but had no effect upon proliferation, differentiation or myotube diameter. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency is not a prominent factor driving the loss of muscle mass in CKD, but may play a role in reduced exercise capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Watson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Tom F O'Sullivan
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Luke A Baker
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas W Gould
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Matt Graham-Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Rupert Major
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Carl Jenkinson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Hewison
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Philp
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, New South Wales, Australia; UNSW Medicine, UNSW Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alice C Smith
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
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47
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Yoon JH, Kwon KS. Receptor-Mediated Muscle Homeostasis as a Target for Sarcopenia Therapeutics. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2021; 36:478-490. [PMID: 34218646 PMCID: PMC8258343 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2021.1081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a disease characterized by age-related decline of skeletal muscle mass and function. The molecular mechanisms of the pathophysiology of sarcopenia form a complex network due to the involvement of multiple interconnected signaling pathways. Therefore, signaling receptors are major targets in pharmacological strategies in general. To provide a rationale for pharmacological interventions for sarcopenia, we herein describe several druggable signaling receptors based on their role in skeletal muscle homeostasis and changes in their activity with aging. A brief overview is presented of the efficacy of corresponding drug candidates under clinical trials. Strategies targeting the androgen receptor, vitamin D receptor, Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, and ghrelin receptor primarily focus on promoting anabolic action using natural ligands or mimetics. Strategies involving activin receptors and angiotensin receptors focus on inhibiting catabolic action. This review may help to select specific targets or combinations of targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyeon Yoon
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ki-Sun Kwon
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
- Aventi Inc., Daejeon, Korea
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48
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Ulivieri FM, Banfi G, Camozzi V, Colao A, Formenti AM, Frara S, Lombardi G, Napoli N, Giustina A. Vitamin D in the Covid-19 era: a review with recommendations from a G.I.O.S.E.G. expert panel. Endocrine 2021; 72:597-603. [PMID: 33999367 PMCID: PMC8127472 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02749-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D (VITD) is a key hormone for bone health and has relevant extra-skeletal effects that might play a role in the prevention and treatment of COronaVIrus Disease 19 (COVID-19). Literature regarding this scenario is voluminous but controversial. Glucocorticoid Induced Osteoporosis Skeletal Endocrinology Group (G.I.O.S.E.G) has been present in the scientific debate about the use of VITD and has regularly interfaced national regulatory agencies to ensure appropriateness of its employment. Given the current pandemic and the questions on COVID-19 and VITD, G.I.O.S.E.G. appointed an expert panel to advise how to consider this issue best. The results of these deliberations are reported in the current recommendation paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Massimo Ulivieri
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences (IEMS), San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 20, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi, 4, Milan, Italy
- San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Via Olgettina 20, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Camozzi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine (DIMED), Padua Hospital-University, Via Nicolò Giustiniani, 2, Padua, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, Corso Umberto I, 40, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Formenti
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences (IEMS), San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 20, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Frara
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences (IEMS), San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 20, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi 4, Milan, Italy
- Department of Athletics Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Królowej Jadwigi 27/39, 61-871, Poznań, Poland
| | - Nicola Napoli
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Campus Bio Medico University of Rome, Via Álvaro del Portillo, 200, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Giustina
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences (IEMS), San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 20, Milan, Italy
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Fogarty MJ, Losbanos LL, Craig TA, Reynolds CJ, Brown AD, Kumar R, Sieck GC. Muscle-specific deletion of the vitamin D receptor in mice is associated with diaphragm muscle weakness. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 131:95-106. [PMID: 34013750 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00194.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases or conditions where diaphragm muscle (DIAm) function is impaired, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cachexia, asthma, and aging, are associated with an increased risk of pulmonary symptoms, longer duration of hospitalizations, and increasing requirements for mechanical ventilation. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with proximal muscle weakness that resolves following therapy with vitamin D3. Skeletal muscle expresses the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which responds to the active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 by altering gene expression in target cells. In knockout mice without skeletal muscle VDRs, there is marked atrophy of muscle fibers and a change in skeletal muscle biochemistry. We used a tamoxifen-inducible skeletal muscle Cre recombinase in Vdrfl/fl mice (Vdrfl/fl actin.iCre+) to assess the role of muscle-specific VDR signaling on DIAm-specific force, fatigability, and fiber type-dependent morphology. Vdrfl/fl actin.iCre+ mice treated with vehicle and Vdrfl/fl mice treated with tamoxifen served as controls. Seven days following the final treatment, mice were euthanized, the DIAm was removed, and isometric force and fatigue were assessed in DIAm strips using direct muscle stimulation. The proportion and cross-sectional areas of DIAm fiber types were evaluated by immunolabeling with myosin heavy chain antibodies differentiating type I, IIa and IIx, and/or IIb fibers. We show that in mice with skeletal muscle-specific VDR deletion, maximum specific force and residual force following fatigue are impaired, along with a selective atrophy of type IIx and/or IIb fibers. These results show that the VDR has a significant biological effect on DIAm function independent of systemic effects on mineral metabolism.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms are associated with adverse pulmonary and diaphragm muscle (DIAm)-associated respiratory outcomes. We used a skeletal muscle-specific tamoxifen-inducible VDR knockout to investigate DIAm dysfunction following reduced VDR signaling. Marked DIAm weakness and atrophy of type IIx and/or IIb fibers are present in muscle-specific tamoxifen-induced VDR knockout mice compared with controls. These results show that the VDR has a significant biological effect on DIAm function independent of systemic effects on mineral metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Fogarty
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Louis L Losbanos
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Theodore A Craig
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Carmen J Reynolds
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Alyssa D Brown
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Gary C Sieck
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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50
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Maintenance of Skeletal Muscle to Counteract Sarcopenia in Patients with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease and Especially Those Undergoing Hemodialysis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051538. [PMID: 34063269 PMCID: PMC8147474 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Life extension in modern society has introduced new concepts regarding such disorders as frailty and sarcopenia, which has been recognized in various studies. At the same time, cutting-edge technology methods, e.g., renal replacement therapy for conditions such as hemodialysis (HD), have made it possible to protect patients from advanced lethal chronic kidney disease (CKD). Loss of muscle and fat mass, termed protein energy wasting (PEW), has been recognized as prognostic factor and, along with the increasing rate of HD introduction in elderly individuals in Japan, appropriate countermeasures are necessary. Although their origins differ, frailty, sarcopenia, and PEW share common components, among which skeletal muscle plays a central role in their etiologies. The nearest concept may be sarcopenia, for which diagnosis techniques have recently been reported. The focus of this review is on maintenance of skeletal muscle against aging and CKD/HD, based on muscle physiology and pathology. Clinically relevant and topical factors related to muscle wasting including sarcopenia, such as vitamin D, myostatin, insulin (related to diabetes), insulin-like growth factor I, mitochondria, and physical inactivity, are discussed. Findings presented thus far indicate that in addition to modulation of the aforementioned factors, exercise combined with nutritional supplementation may be a useful approach to overcome muscle wasting and sarcopenia in elderly patients undergoing HD treatments.
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