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Huang J, Kuang W, Zhou Z. IL-1 signaling pathway, an important target for inflammation surrounding in myocardial infarction. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:2235-2252. [PMID: 38676853 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01481-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction is an important cardiovascular disease worldwide. Although the mortality rate of myocardial infarction (MI) has improved dramatically in recent years due to timely treatment, adverse remodeling of the left ventricle continues to affect cardiac function. Various immune cells are involved in this process to induce inflammation and amplification. The infiltration of inflammatory cells in the infarcted myocardium is induced by various cytokines and chemokines, and the recruitment of leukocytes further amplifies the inflammatory response. As an increasing number of clinical anti-inflammatory therapies have achieved significant success in recent years, treating myocardial infarction by targeting inflammation may become a novel therapeutic option. In particular, successful clinical trials of canakinumab have demonstrated the important role of the inflammatory factor interleukin-1 (IL-1) in atherosclerosis. Targeted IL-1 therapy may decrease inflammation levels and improve cardiac function in patients after myocardial infarction. This article reviews the complex series of responses after myocardial infarction, including the involvement of inflammatory cells and the role of cytokines and chemokines, focusing on the progression of the IL-1 family in myocardial infarction as well as the performance of current targeted therapy drugs in experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwu Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wenlong Kuang
- Department of Cardiology, Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zihua Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy of Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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2
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Synthesis of DPIE [2-(1,2-Diphenyl-1 H-indol-3-yl)ethanamine] Derivatives and Their Regulatory Effects on Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Production in IL-1β-Stimulated Primary Human Oral Cells. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030899. [PMID: 35164164 PMCID: PMC8840366 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) has diverse physiological functions and plays important roles in health and disease. In this report, we focus on its function in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and IL-8, which are implicated in several autoimmune diseases and host defense against infection. IL-1β activity is markedly dependent on the binding affinity toward IL-1 receptors (IL-1Rs). Several studies have been conducted to identify suitable small molecules that can modulate the interactions between 1L-1β and 1L-1R1. Based on our previous report, where DPIE [2-(1,2-Diphenyl-1H-indol-3-yl)ethanamine] exhibited such modulatory activity, three types of DPIE derivatives were synthesized by introducing various substituents at the 1, 2, and 3 positions of the indole group in DPIE. To predict a possible binding pose in complex with IL-1R1, a docking simulation was performed. The effect of the chemicals was determined in human gingival fibroblasts (GFs) following IL-1β induction. The DPIE derivatives affected different aspects of cytokine production. Further, a group of the derivatives enabled synergistic pro-inflammatory cytokine production, while another group caused diminished cytokine production compared to DPIE stimulation. Some groups displayed no significant difference after stimulation. These findings indicate that the modification of the indole site could modulate IL-1β:IL1R1 binding affinity to reduce or enhance pro-inflammatory cytokine production.
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3
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Shen J, Zhao M, Zhang C, Sun X. IL-1β in atherosclerotic vascular calcification: From bench to bedside. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:4353-4364. [PMID: 34803503 PMCID: PMC8579452 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.66537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic vascular calcification contributes to increased risk of death in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Assessing the type and severity of inflammation is crucial in the treatment of numerous cardiovascular conditions. IL-1β, a potent proinflammatory cytokine, plays diverse roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic vascular calcification. Several large-scale, population cohort trials have shown that the incidence of cardiovascular events is clinically reduced by the administration of anti-IL-1β therapy. Anti-IL-1β therapy might reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events by affecting atherosclerotic vascular calcification, but the mechanism underlying this effect remains unclear. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the role of IL-1β in atherosclerotic vascular calcification, and describe the latest results reported in clinical trials evaluating anti-IL-1β therapies for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. This review will aid in improving current understanding of the pathophysiological roles of IL-1β and mechanisms underlying its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Shen
- Department of General Surgery (Vascular Surgery), the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Interventional Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Laboratory of Nucleic Acids in Medicine for National high-level talents, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiaolei Sun
- Department of General Surgery (Vascular Surgery), the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.,Department of Interventional Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.,Laboratory of Nucleic Acids in Medicine for National high-level talents, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.,School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom.,Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, 646000, China.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou 646000, China
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4
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Böni-Schnetzler M, Méreau H, Rachid L, Wiedemann SJ, Schulze F, Trimigliozzi K, Meier DT, Donath MY. IL-1beta promotes the age-associated decline of beta cell function. iScience 2021; 24:103250. [PMID: 34746709 PMCID: PMC8554531 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the prime risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes. We investigated the role of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) system on insulin secretion in aged mice. During aging, expression of the protective IL-1 receptor antagonist decreased in islets, whereas IL-1beta gene expression increased specifically in the CD45 + islet immune cell fraction. One-year-old mice with a whole-body knockout of IL-1beta had higher insulin secretion in vivo and in isolated islets, along with enhanced proliferation marker Ki67 and elevated size and number of islets. Myeloid cell-specific IL-1beta knockout preserved glucose-stimulated insulin secretion during aging, whereas it declined in control mice. Isolated islets from aged myeloIL-1beta ko mice secreted more insulin along with increased expression of Ins2, Kir6.2, and of the cell-cycle gene E2f1. IL-1beta treatment of isolated islets reduced E2f1, Ins2, and Kir6.2 expression in beta cells. We conclude that IL-1beta contributes the age-associated decline of beta cell function. Islets from aged mice have increased IL-1beta and decreased IL-1Ra expression Islet immune cells are the source of increased IL-1beta expression during aging Myeloid-cell-specific IL-1beta knockout preserves insulin secretion in aged mice IL-1beta targets genes regulating insulin secretion and proliferation during aging
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Böni-Schnetzler
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, Diabetes Research, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hélène Méreau
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, Diabetes Research, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Leila Rachid
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, Diabetes Research, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sophia J Wiedemann
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, Diabetes Research, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Friederike Schulze
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, Diabetes Research, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kelly Trimigliozzi
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, Diabetes Research, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel T Meier
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, Diabetes Research, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Y Donath
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, Diabetes Research, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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5
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Painter JD, Akbari O. Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells: Protectors in Type 2 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:727008. [PMID: 34489979 PMCID: PMC8416625 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.727008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) are the innate counterparts of Th2 cells and are critically involved in the maintenance of homeostasis in a variety of tissues. Instead of expressing specific antigen receptors, ILC2s respond to external stimuli such as alarmins released from damage. These cells help control the delicate balance of inflammation in adipose tissue, which is a determinant of metabolic outcome. ILC2s play a key role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) through their protective effects on tissue homeostasis. A variety of crosstalk takes place between resident adipose cells and ILC2s, with each interaction playing a key role in controlling this balance. ILC2 effector function is associated with increased browning of adipose tissue and an anti-inflammatory immune profile. Trafficking and maintenance of ILC2 populations are critical for tissue homeostasis. The metabolic environment and energy source significantly affect the number and function of ILC2s in addition to affecting their interactions with resident cell types. How ILC2s react to changes in the metabolic environment is a clear determinant of the severity of disease. Treating sources of metabolic instability via critical immune cells provides a clear avenue for modulation of systemic homeostasis and new treatments of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Painter
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Omid Akbari
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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6
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Desharnais L, Walsh LA, Quail DF. Exploiting the obesity-associated immune microenvironment for cancer therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 229:107923. [PMID: 34171329 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity causes chronic low-grade inflammation and leads to changes in the immune landscape of multiple organ systems. Given the link between chronic inflammatory conditions and cancer, it is not surprising that obesity is associated with increased risk and worse outcomes in many malignancies. Paradoxically, recent epidemiological studies have shown that high BMI is associated with increased efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), and a causal relationship has been demonstrated in the preclinical setting. It has been proposed that obesity-associated immune dysregulation underlies this observation by inadvertently creating a favourable microenvironment for increased ICI efficacy. The recent success of ICIs in obese cancer patients raises the possibility that additional immune-targeted therapies may hold therapeutic value in this context. Here we review how obesity affects the immunological composition of the tumor microenvironment in ways that can be exploited for cancer immunotherapies. We discuss existing literature supporting a beneficial role for obesity during ICI therapy in cancer patients, potential opportunities for targeting the innate immune system to mitigate chronic inflammatory processes, and how to pinpoint obese patients who are most likely to benefit from immune interventions without relying solely on body mass index. Given that the incidence of obesity is expanding on an international scale, we propose that understanding obesity-associated inflammation is necessary to reduce cancer mortalities and capitalize on novel therapeutic opportunities in the era of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lysanne Desharnais
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Logan A Walsh
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Daniela F Quail
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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7
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Inflammasome NLRP3 Potentially Links Obesity-Associated Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation and Insulin Resistance with Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115603. [PMID: 34070553 PMCID: PMC8198882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of neurodegenerative dementia. Metabolic disorders including obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may stimulate amyloid β (Aβ) aggregate formation. AD, obesity, and T2DM share similar features such as chronic inflammation, increased oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and impaired energy metabolism. Adiposity is associated with the pro-inflammatory phenotype. Adiposity-related inflammatory factors lead to the formation of inflammasome complexes, which are responsible for the activation, maturation, and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18). Activation of the inflammasome complex, particularly NLRP3, has a crucial role in obesity-induced inflammation, insulin resistance, and T2DM. The abnormal activation of the NLRP3 signaling pathway influences neuroinflammatory processes. NLRP3/IL-1β signaling could underlie the association between adiposity and cognitive impairment in humans. The review includes a broadened approach to the role of obesity-related diseases (obesity, low-grade chronic inflammation, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, and enhanced NLRP3 activity) in AD. Moreover, we also discuss the mechanisms by which the NLRP3 activation potentially links inflammation, peripheral and central insulin resistance, and metabolic changes with AD.
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8
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Price TR, Baskaran SA, Moncada KL, Minamoto Y, Klemashevich C, Jayuraman A, Sucholdoski JS, Tedeschi LO, Steiner JM, Pillai SD, Walzem RL. Whole and Isolated Protein Fractions Differentially Affect Gastrointestinal Integrity Markers in C57Bl/6 Mice Fed Diets with a Moderate-Fat Content. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041251. [PMID: 33920187 PMCID: PMC8069602 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Various proteins or protein fractions reportedly positively affect gastrointestinal integrity and inflammation in diets providing >45% energy as fat. This study tested whether benefits were seen in diets providing 30% of energy as fat. Purified diets (PD) with isolated soy protein (ISP), dried whole milk powder (DWMP), milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), or milk protein concentrate (MPC) as protein sources were fed to C57BL/6J mice (n = 15/diet group) for 13 weeks. MFGM-fed mice were heaviest (p < 0.005) but remained within breeder norms. Growth rates and gut motility were similar for all PD-fed mice. FITC-dextran assessed gut permeability was lowest in DWMP and MFGM (p = 0.054); overall, plasma endotoxin and unprovoked circulating cytokines indicated a non-inflammatory state for all PD-fed mice. Despite differences in cecal butyrate and intestinal gene expression, all PDs supported gastrointestinal health. Whole milk provided more positive effects compared to its fractions. However, ISP-fed mice showed a >370%, (p < 0.006) increase in colonic myeloperoxidase activity indicative of tissue neutrophil infiltration. Surprisingly, FITC-dextran and endotoxin outcomes were many folds better in PD-fed mice than mice (strain, vendor, age and sex matched) fed a “chow-type” nutritionally adequate non-PD. Additional variables within a diet’s matrix appear to affect routine indicators or gastrointestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara R. Price
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Sangeetha A. Baskaran
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (S.A.B.); (K.L.M.)
| | - Kristin L. Moncada
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (S.A.B.); (K.L.M.)
| | - Yasushi Minamoto
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Dept. Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Y.M.); (J.S.S.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Cory Klemashevich
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.K.); (A.J.)
| | - Arul Jayuraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (C.K.); (A.J.)
| | - Jan S. Sucholdoski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Dept. Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Y.M.); (J.S.S.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Luis O. Tedeschi
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
- Graduate Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Jörg M. Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Dept. Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (Y.M.); (J.S.S.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Suresh D. Pillai
- Graduate Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Rosemary L. Walzem
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (S.A.B.); (K.L.M.)
- Graduate Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
- Correspondence:
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9
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The revisited role of interleukin-1 alpha and beta in autoimmune and inflammatory disorders and in comorbidities. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102785. [PMID: 33621698 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The interleukin (IL) 1 family of cytokines is noteworthy to have pleiotropic functions in inflammation and acquired immunity. Over the last decades, several progresses have been made in understanding the function and regulation of the prototypical inflammatory cytokine (IL-1) in human diseases. IL-1α and IL-1β deregulated signaling causes devastating diseases manifested by severe acute or chronic inflammation. In this review, we examine and compare the key aspects of IL-1α and IL-1β biology and regulation and discuss their importance in the initiation and maintenance of inflammation that underlie the pathology of many human diseases. We also report the current and ongoing inhibitors of IL-1 signaling, targeting IL-1α, IL-1β, their receptor or other molecular compounds as effective strategies to prevent or treat the onset and progression of various inflammatory disorders.
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10
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Karnam K, Sedmaki K, Sharma P, Routholla G, Goli S, Ghosh B, Venuganti VVK, Kulkarni OP. HDAC6 inhibitor accelerates wound healing by inhibiting tubulin mediated IL-1β secretion in diabetic mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165903. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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11
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Tst gene mediates protection against palmitate-induced inflammation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 527:1008-1013. [PMID: 32444140 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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12
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Gehrke N, Schattenberg JM. Metabolic Inflammation-A Role for Hepatic Inflammatory Pathways as Drivers of Comorbidities in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease? Gastroenterology 2020; 158:1929-1947.e6. [PMID: 32068022 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global and growing health concern. Emerging evidence points toward metabolic inflammation as a key process in the fatty liver that contributes to multiorgan morbidity. Key extrahepatic comorbidities that are influenced by NAFLD are type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and impaired neurocognitive function. Importantly, the presence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and advanced hepatic fibrosis increase the risk for systemic comorbidity in NAFLD. Although the precise nature of the crosstalk between the liver and other organs has not yet been fully elucidated, there is emerging evidence that metabolic inflammation-in part, emanating from the fatty liver-is the engine that drives cellular dysfunction, cell death, and deleterious remodeling within various body tissues. This review describes several inflammatory pathways and mediators that have been implicated as links between NAFLD and type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neurocognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Gehrke
- Metabolic Liver Research Program, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Jörn M Schattenberg
- Metabolic Liver Research Program, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
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13
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Banerjee A, Singh J. Remodeling adipose tissue inflammasome for type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment: Current perspective and translational strategies. Bioeng Transl Med 2020; 5:e10150. [PMID: 32440558 PMCID: PMC7237149 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-associated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by low-grade chronic systemic inflammation that arises primarily from the white adipose tissue. The interplay between various adipose tissue-derived chemokines drives insulin resistance in T2DM and has therefore become a subject of rigorous investigation. The adipocytokines strongly associated with glucose homeostasis include tumor necrosis factor-α, various interleukins, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, adiponectin, and leptin, among others. Remodeling the adipose tissue inflammasome in obesity-associated T2DM is likely to treat the underlying cause of the disease and bring significant therapeutic benefit. Various strategies have been adopted or are being investigated to modulate the serum/tissue levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory adipocytokines to improve glucose homeostasis in T2DM. These include use of small molecule agonists/inhibitors, mimetics, antibodies, gene therapy, and other novel formulations. Here, we discuss adipocytokines that are strongly associated with insulin activity and therapies that are under investigation for modulation of their levels in the treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoNorth Dakota
| | - Jagdish Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoNorth Dakota
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14
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Lin TY, Chiu CJ, Kuan CH, Chen FH, Shen YC, Wu CH, Hsu YH. IL-29 promoted obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 17:369-379. [PMID: 31363171 PMCID: PMC7109060 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0262-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte-macrophage crosstalk plays a critical role to regulate adipose tissue microenvironment and cause chronic inflammation in the pathogenesis of obesity. Interleukin-29 (IL-29), a member of type 3 interferon family, plays a role in host defenses against microbes, however, little is known about its role in metabolic disorders. We explored the function of IL-29 in the pathogenesis of obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. We found that serum IL-29 level was significantly higher in obese patients. IL-29 upregulated IL-1β, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression and decreased glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity in human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) adipocytes through reducing glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and AKT signals. In addition, IL-29 promoted monocyte/macrophage migration. Inhibition of IL-29 could reduce inflammatory cytokine production in macrophage-adipocyte coculture system, which mimic an obese microenvironment. In vivo, IL-29 reduced insulin sensitivity and increased the number of peritoneal macrophages in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. IL-29 increased M1/M2 macrophage ratio and enhanced MCP-1 expression in adipose tissues of HFD mice. Therefore, we have identified a critical role of IL-29 in obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance, and we conclude that IL-29 may be a novel candidate target for treating obesity and insulin resistance in patients with metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yu Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, China
| | - Chiao-Juno Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, China
| | - Chen-Hsiang Kuan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, China
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, China
| | - Fang-Hsu Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, China
| | - Yin-Chen Shen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, China
| | - Chih-Hsing Wu
- Department of Family Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, China
| | - Yu-Hsiang Hsu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, China.
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, China.
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15
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Nasoohi S, Parveen K, Ishrat T. Metabolic Syndrome, Brain Insulin Resistance, and Alzheimer's Disease: Thioredoxin Interacting Protein (TXNIP) and Inflammasome as Core Amplifiers. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 66:857-885. [PMID: 30372683 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Empirical evidence indicates a strong association between insulin resistance and pathological alterations related to Alzheimer's disease (AD) in different cerebral regions. While cerebral insulin resistance is not essentially parallel with systemic metabolic derangements, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been established as a risk factor for AD. The circulating "toxic metabolites" emerging in metabolic syndrome may engage several biochemical pathways to promote oxidative stress and neuroinflammation leading to impair insulin function in the brain or "type 3 diabetes". Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) as an intracellular amplifier of oxidative stress and inflammasome activation may presumably mediate central insulin resistance. Emerging data including those from our recent studies has demonstrated a sharp TXNIP upregulation in stroke, aging and AD and well underlining the significance of this hypothesis. With the main interest to illustrate TXNIP place in type 3 diabetes, the present review primarily briefs the potential mechanisms contributing to cerebral insulin resistance in a metabolically deranged environment. Then with a particular focus on plausible TXNIP functions to drive and associate with AD pathology, we present the most recent evidence supporting TXNIP as a promising therapeutic target in AD as an age-associated dementia.
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16
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Kaneko N, Kurata M, Yamamoto T, Morikawa S, Masumoto J. The role of interleukin-1 in general pathology. Inflamm Regen 2019; 39:12. [PMID: 31182982 PMCID: PMC6551897 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-019-0101-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1, an inflammatory cytokine, is considered to have diverse physiological functions and pathological significances and play an important role in health and disease. In this decade, interleukin-1 family members have been expanding and evidence is accumulating that highlights the importance of interleukin-1 in linking innate immunity with a broad spectrum of diseases beyond inflammatory diseases. In this review, we look back on the definition of "inflammation" in traditional general pathology and discuss new insights into interleukin-1 in view of its history and the molecular bases of diseases, as well as current progress in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoe Kaneko
- Department of Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine and Proteo-Science Center, Shitsukawa 454, Toon, Ehime 791-0295 Japan
| | - Mie Kurata
- Department of Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine and Proteo-Science Center, Shitsukawa 454, Toon, Ehime 791-0295 Japan
| | - Toshihiro Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine and Proteo-Science Center, Shitsukawa 454, Toon, Ehime 791-0295 Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Morikawa
- Department of Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine and Proteo-Science Center, Shitsukawa 454, Toon, Ehime 791-0295 Japan
| | - Junya Masumoto
- Department of Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine and Proteo-Science Center, Shitsukawa 454, Toon, Ehime 791-0295 Japan
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17
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Lei Y, Devarapu SK, Motrapu M, Cohen CD, Lindenmeyer MT, Moll S, Kumar SV, Anders HJ. Interleukin-1β Inhibition for Chronic Kidney Disease in Obese Mice With Type 2 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1223. [PMID: 31191559 PMCID: PMC6549251 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasome-driven release of interleukin(IL)-1β is a central element of many forms of sterile inflammation and has been evident to promote the onset and progression of diabetic kidney disease. We microdissected glomerular and tubulointerstitial samples from kidney biopsies of patients with diabetic kidney disease and found expression of IL-1β mRNA. Immunostaining of such kidney biopsies across a broad spectrum of diabetic kidney disease stages revealed IL-1β positivity in a small subset of infiltrating immune cell. Thus, we speculated on a potential of IL-1β as a therapeutic target and neutralizing the biological effects of murine IL-1β with a novel monoclonal antibody in uninephrectomized diabetic db/db mice with progressive type 2 diabetes- and obesity-related single nephron hyperfiltration, podocyte loss, proteinuria, and progressive decline of total glomerular filtration rate (GFR). At 18 weeks albuminuric mice were randomized to intraperitoneal injections with either anti-IL-1β or control IgG once weekly for 8 weeks. During this period, anti-IL-1β IgG had no effect on food or fluid intake, body weight, and fasting glucose levels. At week 26, anti-IL-1β IgG had reduced renal mRNA expression of kidney injury markers (Ngal) and fibrosis (Col1, a-Sma), significantly attenuated the progressive decline of GFR in hyperfiltrating diabetic mice, and preserved podocyte number without affecting albuminuria or indicators of single nephron hyperfiltration. No adverse effect were observed. Thus, IL-1β contributes to the progression of chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes and might therefore be a valuable therapeutic target, potentially in combination with drugs with different mechanisms-of-action such as RAS and SGLT2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutian Lei
- Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Satish K Devarapu
- Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Manga Motrapu
- Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Clemens D Cohen
- Division of Nephrology, Krankenhaus Harlaching, Munich, Germany
| | - Maja T Lindenmeyer
- Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Solange Moll
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Santhosh V Kumar
- Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
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18
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Böni-Schnetzler M, Meier DT. Islet inflammation in type 2 diabetes. Semin Immunopathol 2019; 41:501-513. [PMID: 30989320 PMCID: PMC6592966 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-019-00745-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes are associated with meta-inflammation. β-Cell failure is a major component of the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. It is now well established that increased numbers of innate immune cells, cytokines, and chemokines have detrimental effects on islets in these chronic conditions. Recently, evidence emerged which points to initially adaptive and restorative functions of inflammatory factors and immune cells in metabolism. In the following review, we provide an overview on the features of islet inflammation in diabetes and models of prediabetes. We separately emphasize what is known on islet inflammation in humans and focus on in vivo animal models and how they are used to elucidate mechanistic aspects of islet inflammation. Further, we discuss the recently emerging physiologic signaling role of cytokines during adaptation and normal function of islet cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Böni-Schnetzler
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland. .,Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel T Meier
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital of Basel, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
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Yang Z, Wei Z, Wu X, Yang H. Screening of exosomal miRNAs derived from subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues: Determination of targets for the treatment of obesity and associated metabolic disorders. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:3314-3324. [PMID: 30066923 PMCID: PMC6102639 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomal micro (mi)RNAs have been suggested to have important roles in abdominal obesity, and to be associated with metabolic alterations via posttranscriptional regulation of target genes. However, exosomal miRNA profiles in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) have rarely been investigated. In the present study, microarray data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database with the following accession numbers: GSE68885 (exosomal miRNAs in SAT obtained from seven patients with obesity and five lean patients), GSE50574 (exosomal miRNAs in VAT obtained from seven patients with obesity and five lean patients) and GSE29718 [mRNAs in SAT (obtained from seven patients with obesity and eight lean patients) and VAT (obtained from three patients with obesity and two lean patients)]. Differentially expressed (DE)‑miRNAs and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the Linear Models for Microarray Data method, and mRNA targets of DE‑miRNAs were predicted using the miRWalk2.0 database. Potential functions of DE‑miRNA target genes were determined using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery. As a result, 10 exosomal DE‑miRNAs were identified in SAT between patients with obesity and lean patients, while 58 DE‑miRNAs were identified in VAT between patients with obesity and lean patients. miRNA (miR)‑4517 was revealed to be a downregulated exosomal miRNA between SAT and VAT, while the other DE‑miRNAs were SAT‑(e.g. hsa‑miR‑3156‑5p and hsa‑miR‑4460) or VAT‑(e.g. hsa‑miR‑582‑5p, hsa‑miR‑566 and miR‑548) specific. Following overlapping with the target genes of DE‑miRNAs, only one DEG [cluster of differentiation 86 (CD86)] was identified in SAT samples, whereas 25 DEGs (e.g. fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), FOS like 2, AP‑1 transcription factor subunit (FOSL2); and adenosine monophosphate deaminase 3 (AMPD3)] were identified in VAT samples. CD86 was revealed to be regulated by hsa‑miR‑3156‑5p; whereas FGF2, FOSL2 and AMPD3 were revealed to be regulated by hsa‑miR‑582‑5p, hsa‑miR‑566 and miR‑548, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that these target genes may be associated with inflammation. In conclusion, exosomal miRNAs may represent underlying therapeutic targets for the treatment of abdominal obesity and metabolic disorders via regulation of inflammatory genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yang
- Basic Medical School, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, P.R. China
| | - Zhuying Wei
- Basic Medical School, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, P.R. China
| | - Xia Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010070, P.R. China
| | - Huidi Yang
- Basic Medical School, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010110, P.R. China
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20
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Therapeutic vaccine against IL-1β improved glucose control in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Life Sci 2018; 192:68-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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21
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Zhang Y, Yu XL, Zhu J, Liu SY, Liu XM, Dong QX, Chai JQ, Liu RT. Intravenous immunoglobulin improves glucose control and β-cell function in human IAPP transgenic mice by attenuating islet inflammation and reducing IAPP oligomers. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 54:145-152. [PMID: 29145032 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by β-cell loss, insulin resistance, islet inflammation and amyloid deposits derived from islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP). Reducing toxic IAPP oligomers and inhibiting islet inflammation may provide therapeutic benefit in treating T2DM. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is an efficient anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agent for the treatment of several autoimmune or inflammatory neurological diseases. However, whether IVIg has therapeutic potential on T2DM remains unclear. In present study, we showed that IVIg treatment significantly improved glucose control and insulin sensitivity, and prevented β-cell apoptosis by lowering toxic IAPP oligomer levels, attenuating islet inflammation and activating autophagy in human IAPP transgenic mouse model. These results suggest that IVIg is a promising therapeutic potential for T2DM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shu-Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiang-Meng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Quan-Xiu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jia-Qian Chai
- Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Rui-Tian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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22
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Microglia activation due to obesity programs metabolic failure leading to type two diabetes. Nutr Diabetes 2017; 7:e254. [PMID: 28319103 PMCID: PMC5380893 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2017.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an energy metabolism disorder that increases susceptibility to the development of metabolic diseases. Recently, it has been described that obese subjects have a phenotype of chronic inflammation in organs that are metabolically relevant for glucose homeostasis and energy. Altered expression of immune system molecules such as interleukins IL-1, IL-6, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), serum amyloid A (SAA), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), among others, has been associated with the development of chronic inflammation in obesity. Chronic inflammation modulates the development of metabolic-related comorbidities like metabolic syndrome (insulin resistance, glucose tolerance, hypertension and hyperlipidemia). Recent evidence suggests that microglia activation in the central nervous system (CNS) is a priority in the deregulation of energy homeostasis and promotes increased glucose levels. This review will cover the most significant advances that explore the molecular signals during microglia activation and inflammatory stage in the brain in the context of obesity, and its influence on the development of metabolic syndrome and type two diabetes.
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23
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Shah P, Lueschen N, Ardestani A, Oberholzer J, Olerud J, Carlsson PO, Maedler K. Angiopoetin-2 Signals Do Not Mediate the Hypervascularization of Islets in Type 2 Diabetes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161834. [PMID: 27617438 PMCID: PMC5019443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Changes in the islet vasculature have been implicated in the regulation of β-cell survival and function during the progression to type 2 diabetes (T2D). Failure of the β-cell to compensate for the increased insulin demand in obesity eventually leads to diabetes; as a result of the complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors (e.g. ongoing inflammation within the islets) and impaired vascular function. The Angiopoietin/Tie (Ang/Tie) angiogenic system maintains vasculature and is closely related to organ inflammation and angiogenesis. In this study we aimed to identify whether the vessel area within the islets changes in diabetes and whether such changes would be triggered by the Tie-antagonist Ang-2. METHODS Immunohistochemical and qPCR analyses to follow islet vascularization and Ang/Tie levels were performed in human pancreatic autopsies and isolated human and mouse islets. The effect of Ang-2 was assessed in β-cell-specific Ang-2 overexpressing mice during high fat diet (HFD) feeding. RESULTS Islet vessel area was increased in autopsy pancreases from patients with T2D. The vessel markers Tie-1, Tie-2 and CD31 were upregulated in mouse islets upon HFD feeding from 8 to 24 weeks. Ang-2 was transiently upregulated in mouse islets at 8 weeks of HFD and under glucolipotoxic conditions (22.2 mM glucose/ 0.5 mM palmitate) in vitro in human and mouse islets, in contrast to its downregulation by cytokines (IL-1β, IFN-ɣ and TNF-α). Ang-1 on the other hand was oppositely regulated, with a significant loss under glucolipotoxic condition, a trend to reduce in islets from patients with T2D and an upregulation by cytokines. Modulation of such changes in Ang-2 by its overexpression or the inhibition of its receptor Tie-2 impaired β-cell function at basal conditions but protected islets from cytokine induced apoptosis. In vivo, β-cell-specific Ang-2 overexpression in mice induced hypervascularization under normal diet but contrastingly led to hypovascularized islets in response to HFD together with increased apoptosis and reduced β-cell mass. CONCLUSIONS Islet hypervascularization occurs in T2D. A balanced expression of the Ang1/Ang2 system is important for islet physiology. Ang-2 prevents β-cell mass and islet vascular adaptation in response to HFD feeding with no major influence on glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Shah
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Navina Lueschen
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Amin Ardestani
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jose Oberholzer
- Division of Transplantation, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Johan Olerud
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per-Ola Carlsson
- Department of Medical cell biology and Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kathrin Maedler
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) project partner, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany,* E-mail:
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Lee HY, Kim J, Quan W, Lee JC, Kim MS, Kim SH, Bae JW, Hur KY, Lee MS. Autophagy deficiency in myeloid cells increases susceptibility to obesity-induced diabetes and experimental colitis. Autophagy 2016; 12:1390-403. [PMID: 27337687 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1184799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, which is critical for the proper turnover of organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, affects diverse aspects of metabolism, and its dysregulation has been incriminated in various metabolic disorders. However, the role of autophagy of myeloid cells in adipose tissue inflammation and type 2 diabetes has not been addressed. We produced mice with myeloid cell-specific deletion of Atg7 (autophagy-related 7), an essential autophagy gene (Atg7 conditional knockout [cKO] mice). While Atg7 cKO mice were metabolically indistinguishable from control mice, they developed diabetes when bred to ob/w mice (Atg7 cKO-ob/ob mice), accompanied by increases in the crown-like structure, inflammatory cytokine expression and inflammasome activation in adipose tissue. Mφs (macrophages) from Atg7 cKO mice showed significantly higher interleukin 1 β release and inflammasome activation in response to a palmitic acid plus lipopolysaccharide combination. Moreover, a decrease in the NAD(+):NADH ratio and increase in intracellular ROS content after treatment with palmitic acid in combination with lipopolysaccharide were more pronounced in Mφs from Atg7 cKO mice, suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction in autophagy-deficient Mφs leads to an increase in lipid-induced inflammasome and metabolic deterioration in Atg7 cKO-ob/ob mice. Atg7 cKO mice were more susceptible to experimental colitis, accompanied by increased colonic cytokine expression, T helper 1 skewing and systemic bacterial invasion. These results suggest that autophagy of Mφs is important for the control of inflammasome activation in response to metabolic or extrinsic stress, and autophagy deficiency in Mφs may contribute to the progression of metabolic syndrome associated with lipid injury and colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Youn Lee
- a Departments of Medicine , Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Jinyoung Kim
- b Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Department of Internal Medicine , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea.,c Department of Health Sciences and Technology , SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Wenying Quan
- a Departments of Medicine , Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - June-Chul Lee
- a Departments of Medicine , Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Min-Soo Kim
- d Department of Life & Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Biology , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Seok-Hyung Kim
- e Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center , Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Bae
- d Department of Life & Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Biology , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Kyu Yeon Hur
- a Departments of Medicine , Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- b Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Department of Internal Medicine , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
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25
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Zha J, Chi XW, Yu XL, Liu XM, Liu DQ, Zhu J, Ji H, Liu RT. Interleukin-1β-Targeted Vaccine Improves Glucose Control and β-Cell Function in a Diabetic KK-Ay Mouse Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154298. [PMID: 27152706 PMCID: PMC4859560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) has been implicated as a key proinflammatory cytokine involved in the pancreatic islet inflammation of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Excess IL-1β impairs islet function by inducing insulin resistance and β-cell apoptosis. Therefore, specifically reducing IL-1β activity provides a therapeutic improvement for T2DM by sustaining the inhibition of IL-1β-mediated islet inflammation. In this study, we developed an IL-1β-targeted epitope peptide vaccine adjuvanted with polylactic acid microparticles (1βEPP) and applied it to a diabetic KK-Ay mouse model. Results showed that the 1βEPP elicited high antibody responses, which neutralized the biological activity of IL-1β, and induced barely detectable inflammatory activity. 1βEPP immunization reduced body weight gain, protected KK-Ay mice from hyperglycemia, improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, and decreased the serum levels of free fatty acids, total cholesterol and triglyceride. Moreover, 1βEPP restored β-cell mass; inhibited β-cell apoptosis; decreased the expression of IL-1β; and interrupted NF-κB activation by reducing IKKβ and pRelA levels. These studies indicated that the IL-1β-targeted vaccine may be a promising immunotherapeutic for T2DM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zha
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-wei Chi
- Weifang Biomedical Innovation and Entrepreneurship Service Center, Weifang, China
| | - Xiao-lin Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-meng Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Dong-qun Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Ji
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (RTL); (HJ)
| | - Rui-tian Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (RTL); (HJ)
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26
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Demidowich AP, Davis AI, Dedhia N, Yanovski JA. Colchicine to decrease NLRP3-activated inflammation and improve obesity-related metabolic dysregulation. Med Hypotheses 2016; 92:67-73. [PMID: 27241260 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk-factor for the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Circulating molecules associated with obesity, such as saturated fatty acids and cholesterol crystals, stimulate the innate immune system to incite a chronic inflammatory state. Studies in mouse models suggest that suppressing the obesity-induced chronic inflammatory state may prevent or reverse obesity-associated metabolic dysregulation. Human studies, however, have been far less positive, possibly because targeted interventions were too far downstream of the inciting inflammatory events. Recently, it has been shown that, within adipose tissue macrophages, assembly of a multi-protein member of the innate immune system, the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, is essential for the induction of this inflammatory state. Microtubules enable the necessary spatial arrangement of the components of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the cell, leading to its activation and propagation of the inflammatory cascade. Colchicine, a medication classically used for gout, mediates its anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting tubulin polymerization, and has been shown to attenuate macrophage NLRP3 inflammasome arrangement and activation in vitro and in vivo. Given these findings, we hypothesize that, in at-risk individuals (those with obesity-induced inflammation and metabolic dysregulation), long-term colchicine use will lead to suppression of inflammation and thus cause improvements in insulin sensitivity and other obesity-related metabolic impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Demidowich
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, United States.
| | - Angela I Davis
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, United States
| | - Nicket Dedhia
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, United States
| | - Jack A Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, United States
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Cucak H, Hansen G, Vrang N, Skarsfeldt T, Steiness E, Jelsing J. The IL-1β Receptor Antagonist SER140 Postpones the Onset of Diabetes in Female Nonobese Diabetic Mice. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:7484601. [PMID: 26953152 PMCID: PMC4756207 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7484601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is known to stimulate proinflammatory immune responses and impair β-cell function and viability, all critical events in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Here we evaluate the effect of SER140, a small peptide IL-1β receptor antagonist, on diabetes progression and cellular pancreatic changes in female nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. Eight weeks of treatment with SER140 reduced the incidence of diabetes by more than 50% compared with vehicle, decreased blood glucose, and increased plasma insulin. Additionally, SER140 changed the endocrine and immune cells dynamics in the NOD mouse pancreas. Together, the data suggest that SER140 treatment postpones the onset of diabetes in female NOD mice by interfering with IL-1β activated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Niels Vrang
- Gubra ApS, Agern Alle 1, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | | | - Eva Steiness
- Serodus ASA, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jacob Jelsing
- Gubra ApS, Agern Alle 1, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
- *Jacob Jelsing:
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Abstract
At least 2.8 million people die each year as a result of being overweight or obese, and the biggest burden being obesity-related diseases. Overweight and obesity account for a major proportion of type 2 diabetes (T2D) cases. Obesity is associated with inflammation in adipose tissue, namely an infiltration and expansion of macrophages, which produce inflammatory cytokines that interfere with insulin signaling, and a loss of protective cells that promote adipose homeostasis. Thus, it is now clear that inflammation is an underlying cause or contributor to T2D as well as many other obesity-induced diseases, including atherosclerosis and cancer. Inflammatory pathways contribute to impaired glucose handling by adipocytes, hepatocytes, and muscle cells and interfere with insulin production and insulin signaling. This review highlights the roles of the different immune populations in lean adipose tissue and their importance in tissue homeostasis to keep inflammation at bay. We also discuss the changes that occur in these immune cells during the development of obesity, which has detrimental effects on the health of adipose tissue, and local and systemic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Kohlgruber
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Lydia Lynch
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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One week treatment with the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra leads to a sustained improvement in insulin sensitivity in insulin resistant patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Clin Immunol 2015; 160:155-62. [PMID: 26073226 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation associated with obesity is involved in the development of insulin resistance. We hypothesized that anti-inflammatory treatment with the Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist anakinra would improve insulin sensitivity. In an open label proof-of-concept study, we included overweight patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes with an HbA1c level over 7.5%. Selecting insulin resistant patients with longstanding type 1 diabetes allowed us to study the effects of anakinra on insulin sensitivity. Patients were treated with 100mg anakinra daily for one week. Insulin sensitivity, insulin need and blood glucose profiles were measured before, after one week and after four weeks of follow-up. Fourteen patients completed the study. One week of anakinra treatment led to an improvement of insulin sensitivity, an effect that was sustained for four weeks. Similarly, glucose profiles, HbA1c levels and insulin needs improved. In conclusion, one week of treatment with anakinra improves insulin sensitivity in patients with type 1 diabetes.
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30
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Menale C, Piccolo MT, Cirillo G, Calogero RA, Papparella A, Mita L, Del Giudice EM, Diano N, Crispi S, Mita DG. Bisphenol A effects on gene expression in adipocytes from children: association with metabolic disorders. J Mol Endocrinol 2015; 54:289-303. [PMID: 25878060 DOI: 10.1530/jme-14-0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a xenobiotic endocrine-disrupting chemical. In vitro and in vivo studies have indicated that BPA alters endocrine-metabolic pathways in adipose tissue, which increases the risk of metabolic disorders and obesity. BPA can affect adipose tissue and increase fat cell numbers or sizes by regulating the expression of the genes that are directly involved in metabolic homeostasis and obesity. Several studies performed in animal models have accounted for an obesogen role of BPA, but its effects on human adipocytes - especially in children - have been poorly investigated. The aim of this study is to understand the molecular mechanisms by which environmentally relevant doses of BPA can interfere with the canonical endocrine function that regulates metabolism in mature human adipocytes from prepubertal, non-obese children. BPA can act as an estrogen agonist or antagonist depending on the physiological context. To identify the molecular signatures associated with metabolism, transcriptional modifications of mature adipocytes from prepubertal children exposed to estrogen were evaluated by means of microarray analysis. The analysis of deregulated genes associated with metabolic disorders allowed us to identify a small group of genes that are expressed in an opposite manner from that of adipocytes treated with BPA. In particular, we found that BPA increases the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the expression of FABP4 and CD36, two genes involved in lipid metabolism. In addition, BPA decreases the expression of PCSK1, a gene involved in insulin production. These results indicate that exposure to BPA may be an important risk factor for developing metabolic disorders that are involved in childhood metabolism dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Menale
- Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Piccolo
- Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Grazia Cirillo
- Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele A Calogero
- Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Papparella
- Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Mita
- Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuele Miraglia Del Giudice
- Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Nadia Diano
- Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Crispi
- Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Damiano Gustavo Mita
- Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy Department of Experimental MedicineSecond University of Naples, Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, ItalyNational Laboratory of Endocrine DisruptorsINBB, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyGene Expression and Molecular Genetics LaboratoryIBBR - CNR, UOS Napoli Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, ItalyDepartment of WomanChild and General and Specialized Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Luigi De Crecchio 4, 80138 Naples, ItalyBioinformatics and Genomics UnitMBC Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, ItalyBiophysics LaboratoryIGB - CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
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31
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Meyer A, Stolz K, Dreher W, Bergemann J, Holebasavanahalli Thimmashetty V, Lueschen N, Azizi Z, Khobragade V, Maedler K, Kuestermann E. Manganese-mediated MRI signals correlate with functional β-cell mass during diabetes progression. Diabetes 2015; 64:2138-47. [PMID: 25804940 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes diagnostic therapy and research would strongly benefit from noninvasive accurate imaging of the functional β-cells in the pancreas. Here, we developed an analysis of functional β-cell mass (BCM) by measuring manganese (Mn(2+)) uptake kinetics into glucose-stimulated β-cells by T1-weighted in vivo Mn(2+)-mediated MRI (MnMRI) in C57Bl/6J mice. Weekly MRI analysis during the diabetes progression in mice fed a high-fat/high-sucrose diet (HFD) showed increased Mn(2+)-signals in the pancreas of the HFD-fed mice during the compensation phase, when glucose tolerance and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) were improved and BCM was increased compared with normal diet-fed mice. The increased signal was only transient; from the 4th week on, MRI signals decreased significantly in the HFD group, and the reduced MRI signal in HFD mice persisted over the whole 12-week experimental period, which again correlated with both impaired glucose tolerance and GSIS, although BCM remained unchanged. Rapid and significantly decreased MRI signals were confirmed in diabetic mice after streptozotocin (STZ) injection. No long-term effects of Mn(2+) on glucose tolerance were observed. Our optimized MnMRI protocol fulfills the requirements of noninvasive MRI analysis and detects already small changes in the functional BCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Meyer
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Katharina Stolz
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Jennifer Bergemann
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Navina Lueschen
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Zahra Azizi
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Vrushali Khobragade
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Maedler
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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Aharon-Hananel G, Jörns A, Lenzen S, Raz I, Weksler-Zangen S. Antidiabetic Effect of Interleukin-1β Antibody Therapy Through β-Cell Protection in the Cohen Diabetes-Sensitive Rat. Diabetes 2015; 64:1780-5. [PMID: 25488902 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-1β, the sole proinflammatory cytokine released from pancreas-infiltrating macrophages, inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), causing hyperglycemia in Cohen diabetes-sensitive (CDs) rats fed a diabetogenic-diet (CDs-HSD). Because IL-1β blockade is a potential therapeutic target in diabetes, we examined whether treating CDs rats with IL-1β antibody (IL-1βAb; 0.5 mg/kg body weight) could counteract the inhibition of GSIS and hyperglycemia. We found that daily IL-1βAb injections had a beneficial effect on glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in CDs-HSD rats. In the oral glucose tolerance test, IL-1βAb-treated CDs-HSD rats showed lower blood glucose concentrations (P < 0.001) and higher GSIS (P < 0.05) compared with nontreated CDs-HSD rats. IL-1βAb treatment also protected the exocrine pancreas; the number of infiltrating macrophages decreased by 70% (P < 0.01) and IL-1β expression decreased by 85% (P < 0.01). In parallel, a 50% reduction (P < 0.01) in the rate of apoptosis and in fat infiltration (P < 0.05) was noted in the exocrine parenchyma of IL-1βAb-treated CDs-HSD rats compared with nontreated CDs-HSD rats. Altogether, these data demonstrate that blocking IL-1β action by IL-1βAb counteracted β-cell dysfunction and glucose intolerance, supporting the notion that prevention of pancreas infiltration by macrophages producing IL-1β is of crucial importance for the preservation of β-cell function and prevention of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genya Aharon-Hananel
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Hadassah Diabetes Center, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anne Jörns
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany Centre of Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sigurd Lenzen
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Itamar Raz
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Hadassah Diabetes Center, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sarah Weksler-Zangen
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Hadassah Diabetes Center, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Bing C. Is interleukin-1β a culprit in macrophage-adipocyte crosstalk in obesity? Adipocyte 2015; 4:149-52. [PMID: 26167419 PMCID: PMC4496963 DOI: 10.4161/21623945.2014.979661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue remodeling occurs in obesity, characterized by adipocyte hypertrophy and increased infiltration of macrophages which also shift to a proinflammatory phenotype. Factors derived from these macrophages significantly alter adipocyte function, such as repressing adipogenesis, inducing inflammatory response and desensitizing insulin action. As macrophages produce a cocktail of inflammatory signals, identifying the key factors that mediate the detrimental effects may offer effective therapeutic targets. IL-1β, a major cytokine produced largely by macrophages, is implicated in the development of obesity-associated insulin resistance. In this article, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the role of IL-1β in macrophage-adipocyte crosstalk in obesity. IL-1β impairs insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue by inhibition of insulin signal transduction. Blocking the activity of IL-1β, its receptor binding or production improves insulin signaling and action in human adipocytes. This is in parallel with a reduction in macrophage-stimulated proinflammatory profile and lipolysis. Targeting IL-1β may be beneficial for protecting against obesity-related insulin resistance at the tissue and systemic levels.
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Key Words
- Akt, protein kinase B
- CCL5, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand-5
- GLUT4, glucose transporter 4
- IL-1Ra, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist
- IL-1β, interleukin-1β
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- IL-8, interleukin-8
- IRS1, insulin receptor substrate 1
- MC, macrophage-conditioned
- MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1
- NFκB, nuclear factor of κ light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells
- NLRP3, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain
- PI3K, phosphoinositide-3-kinase
- SVF, stromal vascular fraction
- TNFα, tumour necrosis factor-alpha
- adipocyte
- adipose tissue
- chemokine
- cytokine
- domain-containing protein 3
- inflammation
- insulin resistance
- interleukin-1β
- leucine-rich repeat and pyrin
- macrophage
- obesity
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Interleukin-1 as a common denominator from autoinflammatory to autoimmune disorders: premises, perils, and perspectives. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:194864. [PMID: 25784780 PMCID: PMC4345261 DOI: 10.1155/2015/194864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A complex web of dynamic relationships between innate and adaptive immunity is now evident for many autoinflammatory and autoimmune disorders, the first deriving from abnormal activation of innate immune system without any conventional danger triggers and the latter from self-/non-self-discrimination loss of tolerance, and systemic inflammation. Due to clinical and pathophysiologic similarities giving a crucial role to the multifunctional cytokine interleukin-1, the concept of autoinflammation has been expanded to include nonhereditary collagen-like diseases, idiopathic inflammatory diseases, and metabolic diseases. As more patients are reported to have clinical features of autoinflammation and autoimmunity, the boundary between these two pathologic ends is becoming blurred. An overview of monogenic autoinflammatory disorders, PFAPA syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, uveitis, pericarditis, Behçet's disease, gout, Sjögren's syndrome, interstitial lung diseases, and Still's disease is presented to highlight the fundamental points that interleukin-1 displays in the cryptic interplay between innate and adaptive immune systems.
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35
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Vallejo S, Palacios E, Romacho T, Villalobos L, Peiró C, Sánchez-Ferrer CF. The interleukin-1 receptor antagonist anakinra improves endothelial dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014; 13:158. [PMID: 25518980 PMCID: PMC4276125 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-014-0158-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial dysfunction is a crucial early phenomenon in vascular diseases linked to diabetes mellitus and associated to enhanced oxidative stress. There is increasing evidence about the role for pro-inflammatory cytokines, like interleukin-1β (IL-1β), in developing diabetic vasculopathy. We aimed to determine the possible involvement of this cytokine in the development of diabetic endothelial dysfunction, analysing whether anakinra, an antagonist of IL-1 receptors, could reduce this endothelial alteration by interfering with pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory pathways into the vascular wall. Results In control and two weeks evolution streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, either untreated or receiving anakinra, vascular reactivity and NADPH oxidase activity were measured, respectively, in isolated rings and homogenates from mesenteric microvessels, while nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation was determined in aortas. Plasma levels of IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured by ELISA. In isolated mesenteric microvessels from control rats, two hours incubation with IL-1β (1 to 10 ng/mL) produced a concentration-dependent impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxations, which were mediated by enhanced NADPH oxidase activity via IL-1 receptors. In diabetic rats treated with anakinra (100 or 160 mg/Kg/day for 3 or 7 days before sacrifice) a partial improvement of diabetic endothelial dysfunction occurred, together with a reduction of vascular NADPH oxidase and NF-κB activation. Endothelial dysfunction in diabetic animals was also associated to higher activities of the pro-inflammatory enzymes cyclooxygenase (COX) and the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which were markedly reduced after anakinra treatment. Circulating IL-1β and TNF-α levels did not change in diabetic rats, but they were lowered by anakinra treatment. Conclusions In this short-term model of type 1 diabetes, endothelial dysfunction is associated to an IL-1 receptor-mediated activation of vascular NADPH oxidase and NF-κB, as well as to vascular inflammation. Moreover, endothelial dysfunction, vascular oxidative stress and inflammation were reduced after anakinra treatment. Whether this mechanism can be extrapolated to a chronic situation or whether it may apply to diabetic patients remain to be established. However, it may provide new insights to further investigate the therapeutic use of IL-1 receptor antagonists to obtain vascular benefits in patients with diabetes mellitus and/or atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Vallejo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 29029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Erika Palacios
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 29029, Madrid, Spain. .,Present address: Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Edificio CN208, Oficina O, Universidad de las Américas, Puebla, México.
| | - Tania Romacho
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 29029, Madrid, Spain. .,Present address: Paul Langerhans-Group, Integrative Physiology, German Diabetes Center, Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Laura Villalobos
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 29029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Concepción Peiró
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 29029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carlos F Sánchez-Ferrer
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 29029, Madrid, Spain.
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Preclinical efficacy and safety of an anti-IL-1β vaccine for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2014; 1:14048. [PMID: 26015986 PMCID: PMC4362373 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2014.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neutralization of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a promising new strategy to prevent the β-cell destruction, which leads to type 2 diabetes. Here, we describe the preclinical development of a therapeutic vaccine against IL-1β consisting of a detoxified version of IL-1β chemically cross-linked to virus-like particles of the bacteriophage Qβ. The vaccine was well tolerated and induced robust antibody responses in mice, which neutralized the biological activity of IL-1β, as shown both in cellular assays and in challenge experiments in vivo. Antibody titers were long lasting but reversible over time and not associated with the development of potentially harmful T cell responses against IL-1β. Neutralization of IL-1β by vaccine-induced antibodies had no influence on the immune responses of mice to Listeria monocytogenes and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In a diet-induced model of type 2 diabetes, immunized mice showed improved glucose tolerance, which was mediated by improved insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells. Hence, immunization with IL-1β conjugated to virus-like particles has the potential to become a safe, efficacious, and cost-effective therapy for the prevention and long-term treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Harijith A, Ebenezer DL, Natarajan V. Reactive oxygen species at the crossroads of inflammasome and inflammation. Front Physiol 2014; 5:352. [PMID: 25324778 PMCID: PMC4179323 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes form a crucial part of the innate immune system. These are multi-protein oligomer platforms that are composed of intracellular sensors which are coupled with caspase and interleukin activating systems. Nod-like receptor protein (NLRP) 3, and 6 and NLRC4 and AIM2 are the prominent members of the inflammasome family. Inflammasome activation leads to pyroptosis, a process of programmed cell death distinct from apoptosis through activation of Caspase and further downstream targets such as IL-1β and IL-18 leading to activation of inflammatory cascade. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) serves as important inflammasome activating signals. ROS activates inflammasome through mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2). Dysregulation of inflammasome plays a significant role in various pathological processes. Viral infections such as Dengue and Respiratory syncytial virus activate inflammasomes. Crystal compounds in silicosis and gout also activate ROS. In diabetes, inhibition of autophagy with resultant accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria leads to enhanced ROS production activating inflammasomes. Activation of inflammasomes can be dampened by antioxidants such as SIRT-1. Inflammasome and related cascade could serve as future therapeutic targets for various pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anantha Harijith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David L Ebenezer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois Chicago, IL, USA ; Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois Chicago, IL, USA ; Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, IL, USA
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38
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Knock-down of IL-1Ra in obese mice decreases liver inflammation and improves insulin sensitivity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107487. [PMID: 25244011 PMCID: PMC4171490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 1 Receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) is highly elevated in obesity and is widely recognized as an anti-inflammatory cytokine. While the anti-inflammatory role of IL-1Ra in the pancreas is well established, the role of IL-1Ra in other insulin target tissues and the contribution of systemic IL-1Ra levels to the development of insulin resistance remains to be defined. Using antisense knock down of IL-1Ra in vivo, we show that normalization of IL-1Ra improved insulin sensitivity due to decreased inflammation in the liver and improved hepatic insulin sensitivity and these effects were independent of changes in body weight. A similar effect was observed in IL1-R1 KO mice, suggesting that at high concentrations of IL-1Ra typically observed in obesity, IL-1Ra can contribute to the development of insulin resistance in a mechanism independent of IL-1Ra binding to IL-1R1. These results demonstrate that normalization of plasma IL-1Ra concentration improves insulin sensitivity in diet- induced obese mice.
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39
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Gao D, Madi M, Ding C, Fok M, Steele T, Ford C, Hunter L, Bing C. Interleukin-1β mediates macrophage-induced impairment of insulin signaling in human primary adipocytes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 307:E289-304. [PMID: 24918199 PMCID: PMC4121578 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00430.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue expansion during obesity is associated with increased macrophage infiltration. Macrophage-derived factors significantly alter adipocyte function, inducing inflammatory responses and decreasing insulin sensitivity. Identification of the major factors that mediate detrimental effects of macrophages on adipocytes may offer potential therapeutic targets. IL-1β, a proinflammatory cytokine, is suggested to be involved in the development of insulin resistance. This study investigated the role of IL-1β in macrophage-adipocyte cross-talk, which affects insulin signaling in human adipocytes. Using macrophage-conditioned (MC) medium and human primary adipocytes, we examined the effect of IL-1β antagonism on the insulin signaling pathway. Gene expression profile and protein abundance of insulin signaling molecules were determined, as was the production of proinflammatory cytokine/chemokines. We also examined whether IL-1β mediates MC medium-induced alteration in adipocyte lipid storage. MC medium and IL-1β significantly reduced gene expression and protein abundance of insulin signaling molecules, including insulin receptor substrate-1, phosphoinositide 3-kinase p85α, and glucose transporter 4 and phosphorylation of Akt. In contrast, the expression and release of the proinflammatory markers, including IL-6, IL-8, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 by adipocytes were markedly increased. These changes were significantly reduced by blocking IL-1β activity, its receptor binding, or its production by macrophages. MC medium-inhibited expression of the adipogenic factors and -stimulated lipolysis was also blunted with IL-1β neutralization. We conclude that IL-1β mediates, at least in part, the effect of macrophages on insulin signaling and proinflammatory response in human adipocytes. Blocking IL-1β could be beneficial for preventing obesity-associated insulin resistance and inflammation in human adipose tissue.
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MESH Headings
- Adipocytes, White/cytology
- Adipocytes, White/drug effects
- Adipocytes, White/immunology
- Adipocytes, White/metabolism
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/pharmacology
- Caspase 1/chemistry
- Caspase 1/metabolism
- Caspase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Cell Communication
- Cell Line
- Cells, Cultured
- Culture Media, Conditioned/chemistry
- Culture Media, Conditioned/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Humans
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Insulin/pharmacology
- Insulin Resistance
- Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein/genetics
- Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein/metabolism
- Interleukin-1beta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-1beta/metabolism
- Lipolysis/drug effects
- Macrophages/cytology
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin-1/agonists
- Receptors, Interleukin-1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Interleukin-1/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Gao
- Department of Obesity and Endocrinology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed Madi
- Department of Obesity and Endocrinology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Cherlyn Ding
- Department of Obesity and Endocrinology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Fok
- Department of Obesity and Endocrinology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Steele
- Department of Obesity and Endocrinology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Ford
- Department of Obesity and Endocrinology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Leif Hunter
- Department of Obesity and Endocrinology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Chen Bing
- Department of Obesity and Endocrinology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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40
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Pafili K, Papanas N, Maltezos E. Gevokizumab in type 1 diabetes mellitus: extreme remedies for extreme diseases? Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2014; 23:1277-84. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2014.947026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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41
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Dalmas E, Venteclef N, Caer C, Poitou C, Cremer I, Aron-Wisnewsky J, Lacroix-Desmazes S, Bayry J, Kaveri SV, Clément K, André S, Guerre-Millo M. T cell-derived IL-22 amplifies IL-1β-driven inflammation in human adipose tissue: relevance to obesity and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2014; 63:1966-77. [PMID: 24520123 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines are critically involved in the alteration of adipose tissue biology leading to deterioration of glucose homeostasis in obesity. Here we show a pronounced proinflammatory signature of adipose tissue macrophages in type 2 diabetic obese patients, mainly driven by increased NLRP3-dependent interleukin (IL)-1β production. IL-1β release increased with glycemic deterioration and decreased after gastric bypass surgery. A specific enrichment of IL-17- and IL-22-producing CD4(+) T cells was found in adipose tissue of type 2 diabetic obese patients. Coculture experiments identified the effect of macrophage-derived IL-1β to promote IL-22 and IL-17 production by human adipose tissue CD4(+) T cells. Reciprocally, adipose tissue macrophages express IL-17 and IL-22 receptors, making them sensitive to IL-17 and IL-22. IL-22 increased IL-1β release by inducing pro-IL-1β transcription through activation of C-Jun pathways in macrophages. In sum, these human data identified IL-1β and the T-cell cytokine IL-22 as key players of a paracrine inflammatory pathway previously unidentified in adipose tissue, with a pathological relevance to obesity-induced type 2 diabetes. These results provide an additional rationale for targeting IL-1β in obesity-linked type 2 diabetes and may have important implications for the conception of novel combined anti-IL-1β and anti-IL-22 immunotherapy in human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Dalmas
- INSERM, UMR-S 1166 and 1138, Paris, FranceSorbonne Universités, Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, FranceUniversité Paris Descartes, Paris, FranceInstitute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Venteclef
- INSERM, UMR-S 1166 and 1138, Paris, FranceSorbonne Universités, Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, FranceUniversité Paris Descartes, Paris, FranceInstitute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Charles Caer
- INSERM, UMR-S 1166 and 1138, Paris, FranceSorbonne Universités, Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, FranceUniversité Paris Descartes, Paris, FranceInstitute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Christine Poitou
- INSERM, UMR-S 1166 and 1138, Paris, FranceSorbonne Universités, Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, FranceUniversité Paris Descartes, Paris, FranceInstitute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, FranceAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Nutrition and Endocrinology Department, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Cremer
- INSERM, UMR-S 1166 and 1138, Paris, FranceSorbonne Universités, Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, FranceUniversité Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Judith Aron-Wisnewsky
- INSERM, UMR-S 1166 and 1138, Paris, FranceSorbonne Universités, Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, FranceUniversité Paris Descartes, Paris, FranceInstitute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, FranceAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Nutrition and Endocrinology Department, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Lacroix-Desmazes
- INSERM, UMR-S 1166 and 1138, Paris, FranceSorbonne Universités, Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, FranceUniversité Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jagadeesh Bayry
- INSERM, UMR-S 1166 and 1138, Paris, FranceSorbonne Universités, Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, FranceUniversité Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Srinivas V Kaveri
- INSERM, UMR-S 1166 and 1138, Paris, FranceSorbonne Universités, Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, FranceUniversité Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Karine Clément
- INSERM, UMR-S 1166 and 1138, Paris, FranceSorbonne Universités, Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, FranceUniversité Paris Descartes, Paris, FranceInstitute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, FranceAssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Nutrition and Endocrinology Department, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien André
- INSERM, UMR-S 1166 and 1138, Paris, FranceSorbonne Universités, Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, FranceUniversité Paris Descartes, Paris, FranceInstitute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Michèle Guerre-Millo
- INSERM, UMR-S 1166 and 1138, Paris, FranceSorbonne Universités, Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, FranceUniversité Paris Descartes, Paris, FranceInstitute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
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42
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Abstract
Obesity is now recognised as a low grade, chronic inflammatory disease that is linked to a myriad of disorders including cancer, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes (T2D). With respect to T2D, work in the last decade has revealed that cells of the immune system are recruited to white adipose tissue beds (WAT), where they can secrete cytokines to modulate metabolism within WAT. As many of these cytokines are known to impair insulin action, blocking the recruitment of immune cells has been purported to have therapeutic utility for the treatment of obesity-induced T2D. As inflammation is critical for host defence, and energy consuming in nature, the blockade of inflammatory processes may, however, result in unwanted complications. In this review, we outline the immunological changes that occur within the WAT with respect to systemic glucose homeostasis. In particular, we focus on the role of major immune cell types in regulating nutrient homeostasis and potential initiating stimuli for WAT inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Kammoun
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, BakerIDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Van Tassell
- VCU Pauley Heart Center (B.W.V.T., S.T., E.M., A.A.), Victoria Johnson Research Laboratory (B.W.V.T., S.T., E.M., A.A.), and School of Pharmacy (B.W.V.T., E.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
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44
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Roberts CK, Hevener AL, Barnard RJ. Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance: underlying causes and modification by exercise training. Compr Physiol 2013; 3:1-58. [PMID: 23720280 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c110062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a collection of cardiometabolic risk factors that includes obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Although there has been significant debate regarding the criteria and concept of the syndrome, this clustering of risk factors is unequivocally linked to an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Regardless of the true definition, based on current population estimates, nearly 100 million have MS. It is often characterized by insulin resistance, which some have suggested is a major underpinning link between physical inactivity and MS. The purpose of this review is to: (i) provide an overview of the history, causes and clinical aspects of MS, (ii) review the molecular mechanisms of insulin action and the causes of insulin resistance, and (iii) discuss the epidemiological and intervention data on the effects of exercise on MS and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian K Roberts
- Exercise and Metabolic Disease Research Laboratory, Translational Sciences Section, School of Nursing, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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45
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Barnes NA, Buch MH, McDermott MF. Use of gevokizumab for the treatment of Behçet's disease. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2013. [DOI: 10.1517/21678707.2013.836448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Barnes
- University of Leeds, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), St James' University Hospital,
Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK ;
- NIHR – Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit (NIHR-LMBRU), Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust,
Leeds, UK
| | - Maya H Buch
- University of Leeds, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), St James' University Hospital,
Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK ;
- NIHR – Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit (NIHR-LMBRU), Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust,
Leeds, UK
| | - Michael F McDermott
- University of Leeds, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), St James' University Hospital,
Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK ;
- NIHR – Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit (NIHR-LMBRU), Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust,
Leeds, UK
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46
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Odegaard JI, Chawla A. Connecting type 1 and type 2 diabetes through innate immunity. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2013; 2:a007724. [PMID: 22393536 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a007724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The escalating epidemic of obesity has driven the prevalence of both type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus to historically high levels. Chronic low-grade inflammation, which is present in both type 1 and type 2 diabetics, contributes to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. The accumulation of activated innate immune cells in metabolic tissues results in release of inflammatory mediators, in particular, IL-1β and TNFα, which promote systemic insulin resistance and β-cell damage. In this article, we discuss the central role of innate immunity and, in particular, the macrophage in insulin sensitivity and resistance, β-cell damage, and autoimmune insulitis. We conclude with a discussion of the therapeutic implications of this integrated understanding of diabetic pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin I Odegaard
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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47
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Moll M, Kuemmerle-Deschner JB. Inflammasome and cytokine blocking strategies in autoinflammatory disorders. Clin Immunol 2013; 147:242-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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48
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Grape Seed Procyanidin Extract Improves Insulin Production but Enhances Bax Protein Expression in Cafeteria-Treated Male Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2013; 2013:875314. [PMID: 26904613 PMCID: PMC4745494 DOI: 10.1155/2013/875314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, the administration of a grape seed procyanidin extract (GSPE) in female Wistar rats improved insulin resistance, reduced insulin production, and modulated apoptosis biomarkers in the pancreas. Considering that pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters in females are different from these parameters in males, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of GSPE on male Wistar cafeteria-induced obese rats. The results have confirmed that the cafeteria model is a robust model mimicking a prediabetic state, as these rats display insulin resistance, increased insulin synthesis and secretion, and increased apoptosis in the pancreas. In addition, GSPE treatment (25 mg/kg of GSPE for 21 days) in male rats improves insulin resistance and counteracts the cafeteria-induced effects on insulin synthesis. However, the administration of the extract enhances the cafeteria-induced increase in Bax protein levels, suggesting increased apoptosis. This result contradicts previous results from cafeteria-fed female rats, in which GSPE seemed to counteract the increased apoptosis induced by the cafeteria diet.
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49
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Bhaskar V, Lau A, Goldfine ID, Narasimha AJ, Gross LM, Wong S, Cheung B, White ML, Corbin JA. XMetA, an allosteric monoclonal antibody to the insulin receptor, improves glycaemic control in mice with diet-induced obesity. Diabetes Obes Metab 2013; 15:272-5. [PMID: 23039274 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
XMetA, a high-affinity, fully human monoclonal antibody, allosterically binds to and activates the insulin receptor (INSR). Previously, we found that XMetA normalized fasting glucose and glucose tolerance in insulinopenic mice. To determine whether XMetA is also beneficial for reducing hyperglycaemia due to the insulin resistance of obesity, we have now evaluated XMetA in hyperinsulinemic mice with diet-induced obesity. XMetA treatment of these mice normalized fasting glucose for 4 weeks without contributing to weight gain. XMetA also corrected glucose tolerance and improved non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol. These studies indicate, therefore, that monoclonal antibodies that allosterically activate the INSR, such as XMetA, have the potential to be novel agents for the treatment of hyperglycaemia in conditions associated with the insulin resistance of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bhaskar
- Preclinical Research, XOMA (US) LLC, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA.
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50
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Handa M, Vanegas S, Maddux BA, Mendoza N, Zhu S, Goldfine ID, Mirza AM. XOMA 052, an anti-IL-1β monoclonal antibody, prevents IL-1β-mediated insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:306-9. [PMID: 23401297 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) has recently been implicated as a major cytokine that is involved in the pancreatic islet inflammation of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This inflammation impairs insulin secretion by inducing beta-cell apoptosis. Recent evidence has suggested that in obesity-induced inflammation, IL-1β plays a key role in causing insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. DESIGN AND METHODS To further investigate the pathophysiological role of IL-1β in causing insulin resistance, the inhibitory effects of IL-1β on several insulin-dependent metabolic processes in vitro has been neutralized by XOMA 052. The role IL-1β plays in insulin resistance in adipose tissue was assessed using differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and several parameters involved in insulin signaling and lipid metabolism were examined. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION IL-1β inhibited insulin-induced activation of Akt phosphorylation, glucose transport, and fatty acid uptake. IL-1β also blocked insulin-mediated downregulation of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 expression. Co-preincubation of IL-1β with XOMA 052 neutralized nearly all of these inhibitory effects in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. These studies provide evidence, therefore, that IL-1β is a key proinflammatory cytokine that is involved in inducing insulin resistance. These studies also suggest that the monoclonal antibody XOMA 052 may be a possible therapeutic to effectively neutralize cytokine-mediated insulin resistance in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahisa Handa
- Preclinical Research and Development, XOMA (US) LLC, Berkeley, California, USA
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