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Taguchi K, Okudaira K, Matsumoto T, Kobayashi T. Ginkgolide B caused the activation of the Akt/eNOS pathway through the antioxidant effect of SOD1 in the diabetic aorta. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:453-463. [PMID: 36715760 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02790-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) helps lower cardiovascular disease risk. Diabetes mellitus (DM)-induced endothelial dysfunction is a critical and initiating factor in the beginning of diabetic vascular complications. It was reported that GBE causes an endothelial-dependent relaxation. This study was designed to figure out the molecular basis on which GBE protects from endothelial dysfunction in diabetes because the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Studies were performed in a normal control group and streptozotocin/nicotinamide-induced DM group. In aortas, notably diabetic aortas, GBE, and ginkgolide B (GB), a constituent of GBE, produced a dose-dependent relaxation. The relaxation by GB was abolished by prior incubation with L-NNA (an endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor), LY294002 (a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor), and Akt inhibitor, confirming the essential role of PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway. We also demonstrated that GB induced the phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS in aortas. The superoxide dismutase1 (SOD1) expression level decreased in DM aortas, but GB stimulation increased SOD activity and SOD1 expression in DM aortas. Our novel findings suggest that in DM aortas, endothelial-dependent relaxation induced by GB was mediated by activation of SOD1, resulting in activation of the Akt/eNOS signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Taguchi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Kanami Okudaira
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Kobayashi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.
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2
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Perdices-Lopez C, Avendaño MS, Barroso A, Gaytán F, Ruiz-Pino F, Vázquez MJ, Leon S, Song YB, Sobrino V, Heras V, Romero-Ruiz A, Roa J, Mayor F, Murga C, Pinilla L, Kaiser UB, Tena-Sempere M. Connecting nutritional deprivation and pubertal inhibition via GRK2-mediated repression of kisspeptin actions in GnRH neurons. Metabolism 2022; 129:155141. [PMID: 35074314 PMCID: PMC10283027 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perturbations in the timing of puberty, with potential adverse consequences in later health, are increasingly common. The underlying neurohormonal mechanisms are unfolded, but nutritional alterations are key contributors. Efforts to unveil the basis of normal puberty and its metabolic control have focused on mechanisms controlling expression of Kiss1, the gene encoding the puberty-activating neuropeptide, kisspeptin. However, other regulatory phenomena remain ill-defined. Here, we address the putative role of the G protein-coupled-receptor kinase-2, GRK2, in GnRH neurons, as modulator of pubertal timing via repression of the actions of kisspeptin, in normal maturation and conditions of nutritional deficiency. METHODS Hypothalamic RNA and protein expression analyses were conducted in maturing female rats. Pharmacological studies involved central administration of GRK2 inhibitor, βARK1-I, and assessment of gonadotropin responses to kisspeptin or phenotypic and hormonal markers of puberty, under normal nutrition or early subnutrition in female rats. In addition, a mouse line with selective ablation of GRK2 in GnRH neurons, aka G-GRKO, was generated, in which hormonal responses to kisspeptin and puberty onset were monitored, in normal conditions and after nutritional deprivation. RESULTS Hypothalamic GRK2 expression increased along postnatal maturation in female rats, especially in the preoptic area, where most GnRH neurons reside, but decreased during the juvenile-to-pubertal transition. Blockade of GRK2 activity enhanced Ca+2 responses to kisspeptin in vitro, while central inhibition of GRK2 in vivo augmented gonadotropin responses to kisspeptin and advanced puberty onset. Postnatal undernutrition increased hypothalamic GRK2 expression and delayed puberty onset, the latter being partially reversed by central GRK2 inhibition. Conditional ablation of GRK2 in GnRH neurons enhanced gonadotropin responses to kisspeptin, accelerated puberty onset, and increased LH pulse frequency, while partially prevented the negative impact of subnutrition on pubertal timing and LH pulsatility in mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data disclose a novel pathway whereby GRK2 negatively regulates kisspeptin actions in GnRH neurons, as major regulatory mechanism for tuning pubertal timing in nutritionally-compromised conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Perdices-Lopez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - María S Avendaño
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Alexia Barroso
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Gaytán
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Pino
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Maria J Vázquez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Silvia Leon
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Yong Bhum Song
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Veronica Sobrino
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Violeta Heras
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Romero-Ruiz
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan Roa
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Federico Mayor
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Murga
- Department of Molecular Biology, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonor Pinilla
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ursula B Kaiser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER-OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Liang XX, Wang RY, Guo YZ, Cheng Z, Lv DY, Luo MH, He A, Luo SX, Xia Y. Phosphorylation of Akt at Thr308 regulates p-eNOS Ser1177 during physiological conditions. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:1953-1964. [PMID: 33993653 PMCID: PMC8255840 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)‐derived nitric oxide (NO) plays a crucial role in maintaining vascular homeostasis. As a hallmark of eNOS activation, phosphorylation of eNOS at Ser1177 induced by activated protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) is pivotal for NO production. The complete activation of Akt requires its phosphorylation of both Thr308 and Ser473. However, which site plays the main role in regulating phosphorylation of eNOS Ser1177 is still controversial. The purpose of the present study is to explore the specific regulatory mechanism of phosphorylated Akt in eNOS activation. Inhibition of Akt Thr308 phosphorylation by a specific inhibitor or by siRNA in vitro led to a decrease in eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177 and to lower NO concentration in the cell culture medium of HUVECs. However, inhibiting p‐Akt Ser473 had no effect on eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177. Next, we administered mice with inhibitors to downregulate p‐Akt Ser473 or Thr308 activity. Along with the inhibition of p‐Akt Thr308, vascular p‐eNOS Ser1177 protein was simultaneously downregulated in parallel with a decrease in plasma NO concentration. Additionally, we cultured HUVECs at various temperature conditions (37, 22, and 4 °C). The results showed that p‐Akt Ser473 was gradually decreased in line with the reduction in temperature, accompanied by increased levels of p‐Akt Thr308 and p‐eNOS Ser1177. Taken together, our study indicates that the phosphorylation of Akt at Thr308, but not at Ser473, plays a more significant role in regulating p‐eNOS Ser1177 levels under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xue Liang
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China.,Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Rui-Yu Wang
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China.,Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Yong-Zheng Guo
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China.,Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Zhe Cheng
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China.,Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Ding-Yi Lv
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China.,Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Ming-Hao Luo
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China.,Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - An He
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China.,Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Su-Xin Luo
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Yong Xia
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China.,Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, China
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Taguchi K, Kaneko N, Okudaira K, Matsumoto T, Kobayashi T. GLP-1 modulates insulin-induced relaxation response through β-arrestin2 regulation in diabetic mice aortas. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13573. [PMID: 33098611 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetes impairs insulin-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation by reducing nitric oxide (NO) production. GLP-1, an incretin hormone, has been shown to prevent the development of endothelial dysfunction. In this study, we hypothesized that GLP-1 would improve the impaired insulin-induced relaxation response in diabetic mice. We also examined the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Using aortic rings from ob/ob mice, an animal model of obesity and type 2 diabetes, and from lean mice, vascular relaxation responses and protein expressions were evaluated using insulin, GLP-1, and pathway-specific inhibitors to elucidate the mechanisms of response. In parallel experiments, β-arrestin2 siRNA-transfected aortas were treated with GLP-1 to evaluate its effects on aortic response pathways. RESULTS When compared to that of untreated ob/ob aortas, GLP-1 increased insulin-induced vasorelaxation and NO production. AMPK inhibition did not alter this vasorelaxation in both GLP-1-treated lean and ob/ob aortas, while Akt inhibition reduced vasorelaxation in both groups, and co-treatment with GLP-1 and insulin caused Akt/eNOS activation. Additionally, GLP-1 decreased GRK2 activity and enhanced β-arrestin2 translocation from the cytosol to membrane in ob/ob aortas. β-Arrestin2 siRNA decreased insulin-induced relaxation both in lean aortas and GLP-1-treated ob/ob aortas. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that insulin-induced relaxation is dependent on β-arrestin2 translocation and Akt activation via GLP-1-stimulated GRK2 inactivation in ob/ob aortas. We showed a novel cross-talk between GLP-1-responsive β-arrestin2 and insulin signalling in diabetic aortas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Taguchi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology Institute of Medicinal Chemistry Hoshi University Tokyo Japan
| | - Nozomu Kaneko
- Department of Physiology and Morphology Institute of Medicinal Chemistry Hoshi University Tokyo Japan
| | - Kanami Okudaira
- Department of Physiology and Morphology Institute of Medicinal Chemistry Hoshi University Tokyo Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology and Morphology Institute of Medicinal Chemistry Hoshi University Tokyo Japan
| | - Tsuneo Kobayashi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology Institute of Medicinal Chemistry Hoshi University Tokyo Japan
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5
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Ushijima K, Suzuki C, Kitamura H, Shimada K, Kawata H, Tanaka A, Horie H, Hosoya Y, Imai Y, Yamashita C, Fujimura A. Expression of clock gene Dbp in omental and mesenteric adipose tissue in patients with type 2 diabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e001465. [PMID: 32816832 PMCID: PMC7437886 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We previously reported in ob/ob mice, one of animal models of human type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), that (i) acetylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) at the promoter region of clock gene Dbp and DBP mRNA expression are reduced in epididymal adipose tissue, (ii) binding of DBP to the promoter region of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (Ppar)-γ and mRNA expression of PPAR-γ1sv were decreased in preadipocytes and (iii) adiponectin secretion was decreased, leading to the impaired insulin sensitivity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The present study was undertaken to evaluate whether such the changes in visceral adipose tissue were detected in patients with DM2. We obtained omental and mesenteric adipose tissue during surgery of lymph node dissection for gastric and colorectal cancers, and investigated these variables in adipose tissue (omental from gastric cancer; 13 non-DM, 12 DM2: mesenteric from colorectal cancer; 12 non-DM, 11 DM2). RESULTS Acetylation of histone H3K9 at the promoter region of Dbp and DBP mRNA expression in omental, but not in mesenteric adipose tissue were significantly lower in DM2 than in patients without DM. PPAR-γ mRNA expression in omental adipose tissue was also lower in patients with DM2, but not in mesenteric adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS The changes in DBP-PPAR-γ axis observed in mice with diabetes were also detected in patients with DM2. Because adiponectin secretion is reported to be enhanced through the PPAR-γ-related mechanism, this study supports the hypothesis that omental adipose tissue is involved in the mechanism of DM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Ushijima
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Sanyoonoda, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Chisato Suzuki
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Systems, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kitamura
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ken Shimada
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Systems, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Kawata
- Division of Human Pathology, Department of Pathology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Akira Tanaka
- Division of Human Pathology, Department of Pathology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hisanaga Horie
- Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hosoya
- Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Department of Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yasushi Imai
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Chikamasa Yamashita
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Systems, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akio Fujimura
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
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6
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Taguchi K, Bessho N, Kaneko N, Okudaira K, Matsumoto T, Kobayashi T. Glucagon-like peptide-1 increased the vascular relaxation response via AMPK/Akt signaling in diabetic mice aortas. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 865:172776. [PMID: 31697935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) elicits direct favorable effects on the cardiovascular system. This study aimed to evaluate the acute effects of GLP-1 on improving aortic endothelial dysfunction in diabetic mice. Additionally, we examined whether GLP-1 elucidated the underlying mechanisms. Using the diabetic mouse models induced by nicotinamide and streptozotocin, we investigated the functional changes in the aorta caused by GLP-1. Organ baths were performed for vascular reactivity in isolated aortic rings, and western blotting was used for protein analysis. The diabetic aortas showed enhanced GLP-1-induced relaxation response and nitric oxide (NO) production. However, the pretreatment of GLP-1 did not significantly change the endothelial-dependent relaxation response to acetylcholine and -independent relaxation response to sodium nitroprusside. On the other hand, the GLP-1-induced relaxation response and NO production were abolished by the endothelial NO synthase inhibitor, GLP-1 receptor antagonist, Akt inhibitor, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor. Finally, in diabetic mice, considerable increases in phosphorylation of Akt and AMPK were found in aortas stimulated with GLP-1, both of which were decreased by pretreatment with the AMPK inhibitor. GLP-1 significantly enhanced endothelial-dependent relaxation in diabetic aortas. The effect may be mediated through activation of the AMPK/Akt pathway via a GLP-1 receptor-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Taguchi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Nanami Bessho
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Nozomu Kaneko
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Kanami Okudaira
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Kobayashi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.
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7
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Murga C, Arcones AC, Cruces-Sande M, Briones AM, Salaices M, Mayor F. G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 (GRK2) as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:112. [PMID: 30837878 PMCID: PMC6390810 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is a central signaling node involved in the modulation of many G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and also displaying regulatory functions in other cell signaling routes. GRK2 levels and activity have been reported to be enhanced in patients or in preclinical models of several relevant pathological situations, such as heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy, hypertension, obesity and insulin resistance conditions, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and to contribute to disease progression by a variety of mechanisms related to its multifunctional roles. Therefore, targeting GRK2 by different strategies emerges as a potentially relevant approach to treat cardiovascular disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes, or NAFLD, pathological conditions which are frequently interconnected and present as co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Murga
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba C Arcones
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Cruces-Sande
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Briones
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Salaices
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Mayor
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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8
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Wan ZH, Zhang YJ, Chen L, Guo YL, Li GH, Wu D, Wang Y. G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 inhibition improves erectile function through amelioration of endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in a rat model of type 2 diabetes. Asian J Androl 2019; 21:74-79. [PMID: 30226217 PMCID: PMC6337949 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_69_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common cause of erectile dysfunction (ED). It has been demonstrated that G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) overexpression contributes to diabetic endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress, which also underlies ED in T2DM. We hypothesized that GRK2 overexpressed and attenuated endothelial function of the cavernosal tissue in a rat model of T2DM. T2DM rats were established by feeding with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 2 weeks and then administering two intraperitoneal (IP) injections of a low dose of streptozotocin (STZ), followed by continuous feeding with a HFD for 6 weeks. GRK2 was inhibited by IP injection of paroxetine, a selective GRK2 inhibitor, after STZ injection. Insulin challenge tests, intracavernous pressure (ICP), GRK2 expression, the protein kinase B (Akt)/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) pathway, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunit gp91 phox , nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and apoptosis in cavernosal tissue were examined. Less response to insulin injection was observed in T2DM rats 2 weeks after HFD. Markedly increased GRK2 expression, along with impaired Akt/eNOS pathway, reduced NO production, increased gp91 phox expression and ROS generation, increased apoptosis and impaired erectile function were found in T2DM rats. Inhibition of GRK2 with paroxetine ameliorated Akt/eNOS signaling, restored NO production, downregulated NADPH oxidase, subsequently inhibited ROS generation and apoptosis, and ultimately preserved erectile function. These results indicated that GRK2 upregulation may be an important mechanism underlying T2DM ED, and GRK2 inhibition may be a potential therapeutic strategy for T2DM ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hua Wan
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China
| | - Yuan-Jie Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China
| | - Yong-Lian Guo
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China
| | - Guo-Hao Li
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China
| | - Ding Wu
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, China
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GRK2 knockdown in mice exacerbates kidney injury and alters renal mechanisms of blood pressure regulation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11415. [PMID: 30061705 PMCID: PMC6065385 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29876-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system regulates blood pressure and fluid balance in the body primarily via angiotensin receptor 1 (AT1R). Renal AT1R was found to be primarily responsible for Ang II-mediated hypertension. G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) modulates AT1R desensitization and increased GRK2 protein expression is reported in hypertensive patients. However, the consequences of GRK2 inhibition on kidney functions remain unknown. We employed shGRK2 knockdown mice (shGRK2 mice) to test the role of GRK2 in kidney development and function that can be ultimately linked to the hypertensive phenotype detected in shGRK2 mice. GRK2 knockdown reduced kidney size, nephrogenesis and glomerular count, and impaired glomerular filtration. Glomerular damage in adult shGRK2 mice was associated with increased renin- and AT1R-mediated production of reactive oxygen species. The AT1R blocker, Losartan, normalized elevated blood pressure and markedly improved glomerular filtration in the shGRK2 knockdown mice. Our findings provide evidence for the crucial role of GRK2 in renal regulation of blood pressure. It also suggests that the detrimental outcomes of GRK2 inhibitors on the kidney should be carefully examined when used as antihypertensive.
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Inactivation of MAPK in epididymal fat and amelioration of triglyceride secretion by injection of GRK2 siRNA in ob/ob mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 391:1075-1083. [PMID: 29946903 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1530-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) accumulation has a crucial role in the development of insulin resistance and diabetes. Although GRK2 siRNA transfection in the liver improves insulin resistance-related vascular complications, the effects of GRK2 siRNA in lipid metabolism and obesity remain unknown. To investigate how GRK2 siRNA affects obesity, ob/ob mice were transfected with GRK2 siRNA, mainly in the liver, by using a hydrodynamic-based procedure. Epididymal fat, glucose, triglyceride, non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), and alanine transaminase activity were higher in the control siRNA-transfected ob/ob mice than in the control siRNA-transfected Lean mice, but these parameters were reduced by GRK2 siRNA transfection into the ob/ob mice. GRK2 expression in epididymal fat was not altered among the 3 groups, although hepatic GRK2 expression was higher in the control siRNA-transfected ob/ob mice than in the control siRNA-transfected Lean mice. Additionally, we found that Akt interacted with GRK2 in the liver. Furthermore, phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and JNK were higher in the epididymal fats from the control siRNA-transfected ob/ob mice than in those from the control siRNA-transfected Lean mice, but they were lowered by transfection with GRK2 siRNA. The study results showed that GRK2 siRNA improved blood triglyceride levels and abnormal or excessive activity of mitogen-activated protein kinases in epididymal fat. This effect may be promoted by inhibition of the NEFA production pathway in the liver. Therefore, the interaction of organs (hepatic GRK2-epididymal fat) may help improve insulin resistance and diabetes-associated pathophysiology.
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Kawakami M, Hattori M, Ohashi W, Fujimori T, Hattori K, Takebe M, Tomita K, Yokoo H, Matsuda N, Yamazaki M, Hattori Y. Role of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 in oxidative and nitrosative stress-related neurohistopathological changes in a mouse model of sepsis-associated encephalopathy. J Neurochem 2018; 145:474-488. [PMID: 29500815 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), characterized as diffuse brain dysfunction and neurological manifestations secondary to sepsis, is a common complication in critically ill patients and can give rise to poor outcome, but understanding the molecular basis of this disorder remains a major challenge. Given the emerging role of G protein-coupled receptor 2 (GRK2), first identified as a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) regulator, in the regulation of non-G protein-coupled receptor-related molecules contributing to diverse cellular functions and pathology, including inflammation, we tested the hypothesis that GRK2 may be linked to the neuropathogenesis of SAE. When mouse MG6 microglial cells were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), GRK2 cytosolic expression was highly up-regulated. The ablation of GRK2 by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) prevented an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species generation in LPS-stimulated MG6 cells. Furthermore, the LPS-induced up-regulation of inducible nitric-oxide synthase expression and increase in nitric oxide production were negated by GRK2 inhibitor or siRNAs. However, GRK2 inhibition was without effect on overproduction of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β in LPS-stimulated MG cells. In mice with cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis, treatment with GRK2 inhibitor reduced high levels of oxidative and nitrosative stress in the mice brains, where GRK2 expression was up-regulated, alleviated neurohistological damage observed in cerebral cortex sections, and conferred a significant survival advantage to CLP mice. Altogether, these results uncover the novel role for GRK2 in regulating cellular oxidative and nitrosative stress during inflammation and suggest that GRK2 may have a potential as an intriguing therapeutic target to prevent or treat SAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Kawakami
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Mizuki Hattori
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Wakana Ohashi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Toshio Fujimori
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kohshi Hattori
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Relief Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Takebe
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kengo Tomita
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yokoo
- Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health Promotional Sciences, Tokoha University, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Matsuda
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Yamazaki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hattori
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Qi X, Guo Y, Song Y, Yu C, Zhao L, Fang L, Kong D, Zhao J, Gao L. Follicle-stimulating hormone enhances hepatic gluconeogenesis by GRK2-mediated AMPK hyperphosphorylation at Ser485 in mice. Diabetologia 2018; 61:1180-1192. [PMID: 29442133 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4562-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Increased serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is correlated with fasting hyperglycaemia. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Because excessive hepatic gluconeogenesis is a major cause of fasting hyperglycaemia the present study investigated whether FSH increases hepatic gluconeogenesis in mice. METHODS Ovariectomised mice supplemented with oestradiol (E2) to maintain normal levels of serum E2 (OVX+E2 mice) were injected with low or high doses of FSH. We knocked out Crtc2, a crucial factor in gluconeogenesis, and Fshr to discern their involvement in FSH signalling. To evaluate the role of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinase 2 (GRK2), which could affect glucose metabolism and interact directly with non-GPCR components, a specific GRK2 inhibitor was used. The pyruvate tolerance test (PTT), quantification of PEPCK and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), key enzymes of gluconeogenesis, GRK2 and phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) were examined to evaluate the level of gluconeogenesis in the liver. A nonphosphorylatable mutant of AMPK Ser485 (AMPK S485A) was transfected into HepG2 cells to evaluate the role of AMPK Ser485 phosphorylation. RESULTS FSH increased fasting glucose (OVX+E2+high-dose FSH 8.18 ± 0.60 mmol/l vs OVX+E2 6.23 ± 1.33 mmol/l), the PTT results, and the transcription of Pepck (also known as Pck1; 2.0-fold increase) and G6pase (also known as G6pc; 2.5-fold increase) in OVX+E2 mice. FSH also enhanced the promoter luciferase activities of the two enzymes in HepG2 cells. FSH promoted the membrane translocation of GRK2, which is associated with increased AMPK Ser485 and decreased AMPK Thr172 phosphorylation, and enhanced the nuclear translocation of cyclic AMP-regulated transcriptional coactivator 2 (CRTC2). GRK2 could bind with AMPK and induce Ser485 hyperphosphorylation. Furthermore, either the GRK2 inhibitor or AMPK S485A blocked FSH-regulated AMPK Thr172 dephosphorylation and gluconeogenesis. Additionally, the deletion of Crtc2 or Fshr abolished the function of FSH in OVX+E2 mice. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The results indicate that FSH enhances CRTC2-mediated gluconeogenesis dependent on AMPK Ser485 phosphorylation via GRK2 in the liver, suggesting an essential role of FSH in the pathogenesis of fasting hyperglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Qi
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, No. 324 Jing 5 Rd, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjing Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, No. 324 Jing 5 Rd, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongfeng Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, No. 324 Jing 5 Rd, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxiao Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, No. 324 Jing 5 Rd, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifang Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, No. 324 Jing 5 Rd, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Fang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, No. 324 Jing 5 Rd, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dehuan Kong
- Department of Geriatrics, Tai'an City Central Hospital, Tai'an, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, No. 324 Jing 5 Rd, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ling Gao
- Scientific Centre, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, No. 324 Jing 5 Rd, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, People's Republic of China.
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Taguchi K, Bessho N, Hasegawa M, Narimatsu H, Matsumoto T, Kobayashi T. Co-treatment with clonidine and a GRK2 inhibitor prevented rebound hypertension and endothelial dysfunction after withdrawal in diabetes. Hypertens Res 2018; 41:263-274. [DOI: 10.1038/s41440-018-0016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Suppression of GRK2 expression reduces endothelial dysfunction by restoring glucose homeostasis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8436. [PMID: 28814745 PMCID: PMC5559446 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08998-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the associations between diabetic complications and vascular endothelial dysfunction, a direct therapeutic method targeting endothelial dysfunction remains poorly characterized. We have previously shown that chemical inhibition of G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) slightly enhances insulin sensitivity and reduces endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetic mice. In this study, we identified GRK2 as a novel therapeutic target of diabetic endothelial dysfunction and investigated the effect on diabetic endothelial dysfunction through the systemic administration of GRK2 siRNA using a hydrodynamic-based procedure, resulting in suppression of increased GRK2 protein levels in the liver. Suppressed GRK2 levels in the liver markedly improved glucose homeostasis, as well as improved the impaired endothelial Akt/eNOS-dependent signal activation (insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS) and vascular responses (clonidine-induced and insulin-induced endothelial-dependent relaxation response and phenylephrine-induced contractile response) in type 2 diabetic aortas. Interestingly, insulin-stimulated Akt/eNOS signaling was increased only by normalizing the glucose concentration in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with GRK2 overexpression, suggesting of an important role of hepatic GRK2. Our results clarified the relationship among hepatic GRK2, glucose homeostasis, and vascular endothelial function. Liver-targeting GRK2 siRNA delivery represents a novel therapeutic tool to restore glucose homeostasis and reduce endothelial dysfunction.
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Okawa T, Aramaki Y, Yamamoto M, Kobayashi T, Fukumoto S, Toyoda Y, Henta T, Hata A, Ikeda S, Kaneko M, Hoffman ID, Sang BC, Zou H, Kawamoto T. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of the Highly Selective and Potent G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 (GRK2) Inhibitor for the Potential Treatment of Heart Failure. J Med Chem 2017; 60:6942-6990. [PMID: 28699740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel class of therapeutic drug candidates for heart failure, highly potent and selective GRK2 inhibitors, exhibit potentiation of β-adrenergic signaling in vitro studies. Hydrazone derivative 5 and 1,2,4-triazole derivative 24a were identified as hit compounds by HTS. New scaffold generation and SAR studies of all parts resulted in a 4-methyl-1,2,4-triazole derivative with an N-benzylcarboxamide moiety with highly potent activity toward GRK2 and selectivity over other kinases. In terms of subtype selectivity, these compounds showed enough selectivity against GRK1, 5, 6, and 7 with almost equipotent inhibition to GRK3. Our medicinal chemistry efforts led to the discovery of 115h (GRK2 IC50 = 18 nM), which was obtained the cocrystal structure with human GRK2 and an inhibitor of GRK2 that potentiates β-adrenergic receptor (βAR)-mediated cAMP accumulation and prevents internalization of βARs in β2AR-expressing HEK293 cells treated with isoproterenol. Therefore, 115h appears to be a novel class of therapeutic for heart failure treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Okawa
- Shonan Research Center, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshio Aramaki
- Shonan Research Center, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Yamamoto
- Shonan Research Center, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Toshitake Kobayashi
- Shonan Research Center, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Shoji Fukumoto
- Shonan Research Center, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yukio Toyoda
- Shonan Research Center, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Henta
- Shonan Research Center, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Akito Hata
- Shonan Research Center, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Shota Ikeda
- Shonan Research Center, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Manami Kaneko
- Shonan Research Center, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Isaac D Hoffman
- Takeda California , 10410 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Bi-Ching Sang
- Takeda California , 10410 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Hua Zou
- Takeda California , 10410 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Tetsuji Kawamoto
- Shonan Research Center, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
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Dal-Secco D, DalBó S, Lautherbach NES, Gava FN, Celes MRN, Benedet PO, Souza AH, Akinaga J, Lima V, Silva KP, Kiguti LRA, Rossi MA, Kettelhut IC, Pupo AS, Cunha FQ, Assreuy J. Cardiac hyporesponsiveness in severe sepsis is associated with nitric oxide-dependent activation of G protein receptor kinase. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H149-H163. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00052.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor kinase isoform 2 (GRK2) has a critical role in physiological and pharmacological responses to endogenous and exogenous substances. Sepsis causes an important cardiovascular dysfunction in which nitric oxide (NO) has a relevant role. The present study aimed to assess the putative effect of inducible NO synthase (NOS2)-derived NO on the activity of GRK2 in the context of septic cardiac dysfunction. C57BL/6 mice were submitted to severe septic injury by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Heart function was assessed by isolated and perfused heart, echocardiography, and β-adrenergic receptor binding. GRK2 was determined by immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis in the heart and isolated cardiac myocytes. Sepsis increased NOS2 expression in the heart, increased plasma nitrite + nitrate levels, and reduced isoproterenol-induced isolated ventricle contraction, whole heart tension development, and β-adrenergic receptor density. Treatment with 1400W or with GRK2 inhibitor prevented CLP-induced cardiac hyporesponsiveness 12 and 24 h after CLP. Increased labeling of total and phosphorylated GRK2 was detected in hearts after CLP. With treatment of 1400W or in hearts taken from septic NOS2 knockout mice, the activation of GRK2 was reduced. 1400W or GRK2 inhibitor reduced mortality, improved echocardiographic cardiac parameters, and prevented organ damage. Therefore, during sepsis, NOS2-derived NO increases GRK2, which leads to a reduction in β-adrenergic receptor density, contributing to the heart dysfunction. Isolated cardiac myocyte data indicate that NO acts through the soluble guanylyl cyclase/cGMP/PKG pathway. GRK2 inhibition may be a potential therapeutic target in sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The main novelty presented here is to show that septic shock induces cardiac hyporesponsiveness to isoproterenol by a mechanism dependent on nitric oxide and mediated by G protein-coupled receptor kinase isoform 2. Therefore, G protein-coupled receptor kinase isoform 2 inhibition may be a potential therapeutic target in sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Dal-Secco
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Silvia DalBó
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Natalia E. S. Lautherbach
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio N. Gava
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mara R. N. Celes
- Department of Pathology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia O. Benedet
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Adriana H. Souza
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Akinaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Vanessa Lima
- Department of Pharmacology, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Katiussia P. Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Luiz Ricardo A. Kiguti
- Department of Pharmacology, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Marcos A. Rossi
- Department of Pathology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isis C. Kettelhut
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André S. Pupo
- Department of Pharmacology, Bioscience Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Fernando Q. Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jamil Assreuy
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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17
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Taguchi K. [The Role of GRK2 and Its Potential as a New Therapeutic Target in Diabetic Vascular Complications]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2016; 135:961-7. [PMID: 26234354 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.15-00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A decrease in nitric oxide (NO) production may induce pathological conditions associated with endothelial dysfunction and diabetes. Although a decrease in NO production caused by impaired Akt/endothelial nitric oxide synthesis (eNOS) signaling has been demonstrated at the aorta in the presence of diabetic vascular complications, little is known regarding the details of the mechanism. We identified G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) as a critical factor in diabetic endothelial dysfunction. GRK2 plays a role in many physiological functions including regulation of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). We found that the vasculature affected by type 2 diabetes expresses high levels of GRK2, which may induce endothelial dysfunction caused by impaired Akt/eNOS signaling. GRK2 activation also induces changes in the subcellular localization of GRK2 and β-arrestin 2, a downstream protein, from the cytosol to membrane. In mouse aorta GRK2 may be, on translocation, a key negative regulator and an important regulator of β-arrestin 2/Akt/eNOS signaling, which has been implicated in diabetic endothelial dysfunction. Furthermore, in the aortic membrane of type 2 diabetic model mice under insulin stimulation, the impaired Akt/eNOS signaling was improved by a selective GRK2 inhibitor. These results suggest that in diabetes the GRK2 inhibitor ameliorates vascular endothelial dysfunction via Akt/eNOS signaling by inhibiting GRK2 activity and enhancing β-arrestin 2 translocation to the membrane under GPCR or non-GPCR stimulation, thereby contributing to blood pressure- and blood glucose-lowering effects. We propose that the GRK2 inhibitor may be a promising therapeutic target for cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Taguchi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University
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Taguchi K, Matsumoto T, Kobayashi T. G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 and endothelial dysfunction: molecular insights and pathophysiological mechanisms. J Smooth Muscle Res 2016; 51:37-49. [PMID: 26447102 PMCID: PMC5137304 DOI: 10.1540/jsmr.51.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Smooth muscle cells (SMC) and endothelial cells are the major cell types in blood
vessels. The principal function of vascular SMC in the body is to regulate blood flow and
pressure through contraction and relaxation. The endothelium performs a crucial role in
maintaining vascular integrity by achieving whole-organ metabolic homeostasis via the
production of factors associated with vasoconstriction or vasorelaxation. In this review,
we have focused on the production of nitric oxide (NO), a vasorelaxation factor. The
extent of NO production represents a key marker in vascular health. A decrease in NO is
capable of inducing pathological conditions associated with endothelial dysfunction, such
as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and atherosclerosis. Recent studies have
strongly implicated the involvement of G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) in the
progression of cardiovascular disease. Vasculature which is affected by insulin resistance
and type 2 diabetes expresses high levels of GRK2, which may induce endothelial
dysfunction by reducing intracellular NO. GRK2 activation also induces changes in the
subcellular localization of GRK2 itself and also of β-arrestin 2, a downstream protein. In
this review, we describe the pathophysiological mechanisms of insulin resistance and
diabetes, focusing on the signal transduction for NO production via GRK2 and β-arrestin 2,
providing novel insights into the potential field of translational investigation in the
treatment of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Taguchi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
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Taguchi K, Hida M, Hasegawa M, Matsumoto T, Kobayashi T. Dietary polyphenol morin rescues endothelial dysfunction in a diabetic mouse model by activating the Akt/eNOS pathway. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 60:580-8. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Taguchi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry; Hoshi University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Mari Hida
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry; Hoshi University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Mami Hasegawa
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry; Hoshi University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry; Hoshi University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Tsuneo Kobayashi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry; Hoshi University; Tokyo Japan
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Lucas E, Cruces-Sande M, Briones AM, Salaices M, Mayor F, Murga C, Vila-Bedmar R. Molecular physiopathology of obesity-related diseases: multi-organ integration by GRK2. Arch Physiol Biochem 2015; 121:163-77. [PMID: 26643283 DOI: 10.3109/13813455.2015.1107589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide problem that has reached epidemic proportions both in developed and developing countries. The excessive accumulation of fat poses a risk to health since it favours the development of metabolic alterations including insulin resistance and tissue inflammation, which further contribute to the progress of the complex pathological scenario observed in the obese. In this review we put together the different outcomes of fat accumulation and insulin resistance in the main insulin-responsive tissues, and discuss the role of some of the key molecular routes that control disease progression both in an organ-specific and also in a more systemic manner. In particular, we focus on the importance of studying the integrated regulation of different organs and pathways that contribute to the global pathophysiology of this condition with a specific emphasis on the role of emerging key molecular nodes such as the G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) signalling hub.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Lucas
- a Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (UAM-CSIC) , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
- b Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa , Madrid , Spain
| | - Marta Cruces-Sande
- a Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (UAM-CSIC) , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
- b Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa , Madrid , Spain
| | - Ana M Briones
- c Departamento de Farmacología , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) Madrid , Spain , and
- d Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ) Madrid , Spain
| | - Mercedes Salaices
- c Departamento de Farmacología , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) Madrid , Spain , and
- d Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ) Madrid , Spain
| | - Federico Mayor
- a Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (UAM-CSIC) , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
- b Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa , Madrid , Spain
| | - Cristina Murga
- a Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (UAM-CSIC) , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
- b Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa , Madrid , Spain
| | - Rocio Vila-Bedmar
- a Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (UAM-CSIC) , Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Madrid , Spain
- b Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa , Madrid , Spain
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Woodall MC, Ciccarelli M, Woodall BP, Koch WJ. G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2: a link between myocardial contractile function and cardiac metabolism. Circ Res 2014; 114:1661-70. [PMID: 24812353 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.114.300513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) causes a tremendous burden on the worldwide healthcare system, affecting >23 million people. There are many cardiovascular disorders that contribute to the development of HF and multiple risk factors that accelerate its occurrence, but regardless of its underlying cause, HF is characterized by a marked decrease in myocardial contractility and loss of pump function. One biomarker molecule consistently shown to be upregulated in human HF and several animal models is G protein-coupled receptor kinase-2 (GRK2), a kinase originally discovered to be involved in G protein-coupled receptor desensitization, especially β-adrenergic receptors. Higher levels of GRK2 can impair β-adrenergic receptor-mediated inotropic reserve and its inhibition, or molecular reduction has shown to improve pump function in several animal models including a preclinical pig model of HF. Recently, nonclassical roles for GRK2 in cardiovascular disease have been described, including negative regulation of insulin signaling, a role in myocyte cell survival and apoptotic signaling, and it has been shown to be localized in/on mitochondria. These new roles of GRK2 suggest that GRK2 may be a nodal link in the myocyte, influencing both cardiac contractile function and cell metabolism and survival and contributing to HF independent of its canonical role in G protein-coupled receptor desensitization. In this review, classical and nonclassical roles for GRK2 will be discussed, focusing on recently discovered roles for GRK2 in cardiomyocyte metabolism and the effects that these roles may have on myocardial contractile function and HF development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryl C Woodall
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (M.C.W., B.P.W., W.J.K.); and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy (M.C.)
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Taguchi K, Sakata K, Ohashi W, Imaizumi T, Imura J, Hattori Y. Tonic Inhibition by G Protein–Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 of Akt/Endothelial Nitric-Oxide Synthase Signaling in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells under Conditions of Hyperglycemia with High Insulin Levels. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 349:199-208. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.211854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Avendaño MS, Lucas E, Jurado-Pueyo M, Martínez-Revelles S, Vila-Bedmar R, Mayor F, Salaices M, Briones AM, Murga C. Increased nitric oxide bioavailability in adult GRK2 hemizygous mice protects against angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Hypertension 2013; 63:369-75. [PMID: 24191280 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.01991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is a ubiquitous serine/threonine protein kinase able to phosphorylate and desensitize the active form of several G protein-coupled receptors. Given the lack of selective inhibitors for GRK2, we investigated the effects elicited by GRK2 inhibition in vascular responses using global adult hemizygous mice (GRK2(+/-)). The vasodilator responses to acetylcholine or isoproterenol were increased in aortas and mesenteric resistance arteries from GRK2(+/-) mice compared with wild-type (WT) littermates. After angiotensin II (AngII) infusion, GRK2(+/-) mice were partially protected against hypertension, vascular remodeling, and mechanical alterations, even when resting basal blood pressures were not significantly different. AngII infusion also (1) increased GRK2 levels in WT but not in GRK2(+/-) vessels; (2) increased vasoconstrictor responses to phenylephrine in WT but not in GRK2(+/-) mice; and (3) decreased vasodilator responses to acetylcholine and vascular pAkt and eNOS levels more in WT than in GRK2(+/-) animals. Vascular NO production and the modulation of vasoconstrictor responses by endothelial-derived NO remained enhanced in GRK2(+/-) mice infused with AngII. Thus, GRK2(+/-) mice are resistant to the development of vascular remodeling and mechanical alterations, endothelial dysfunction, increased vasoconstrictor responses, and hypertension induced by AngII at least partially through the preservation of NO bioavailability. In conclusion, our results describe an important role for GRK2 in systemic hypertension and further establish that an inhibition of GRK2 could be a beneficial treatment for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- María S Avendaño
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049 Madrid, Spain. ; or Ana M. Briones, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Arzobispo Morcillo, 28029 Madrid, Spain. E-mail
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Ma L, Wei Q, Deng H, Zhang Q, Li G, Tang N, Xie J, Chen Y. Growth factor receptor-bound protein 10-mediated negative regulation of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor-activated signalling pathway results in cognitive disorder in diabetic rats. J Neuroendocrinol 2013; 25:626-34. [PMID: 23614367 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Growth factor receptor-bound protein 10 (Grb10) is a Src homology 2 domain-containing protein and one of the binding partners for several transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptors, including insulin receptor (IR) and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1-R). The hippocampus, which is critical for cognitive functions, is one of the main distribution areas of Grb10 in the central nervous system. In recent years, diabetic encephalopathy has been defined as a third type of diabetes and the IGF1-IR pathway was shown to be critical for the neuropathogenic process of cognitive disorder in diabetes. However, the role of endogenous Grb10 in regulating the IGF1-IR pathway and neurobehavioural changes is not explicit. The present study aimed to determine the in vivo function of endogenous Grb10 in diabetic encephalopathy and the underlying mechanisms. Using stereotaxic surgical techniques and lentiviral vectors expressing specific short hairpin RNA, we could steadily knockdown Grb10 expression in the hippocampus. More importantly, we demonstrated that hippocampus-specific modulation of Grb10 protein levels led to a prominent remission of cognitive disorder, including improvements in both ultrastructural pathology and abnormal neurobehavioural changes. Our findings indicate that endogenous overexpression of Grb10 functions as a suppressor of the IGF1-IR pathway, which may represent an important mechanism for regulating cognitive disorder in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ma
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
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Chen W, Sang JY, Liu DJ, Qin J, Huo YM, Xu J, Wu ZY. Desensitization of G-protein-coupled receptors induces vascular hypocontractility in response to norepinephrine in the mesenteric arteries of cirrhotic patients and rats. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2013; 12:295-304. [PMID: 23742775 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(13)60047-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increased beta-arrestin-2 and its combination with G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) lead to GPCRs desensitization. The latter may be responsible for decreased contractile reactivity in the mesenteric arteries of cirrhotic patients and rats. The present study is to investigate the machinery changes of alpha-adrenergic receptors and G proteins and their roles in the contractility of mesenteric arteries of cirrhotic patients and animal models. METHODS Patients with cirrhosis due to hepatitis B and cirrhotic rats induced by CCl4 were studied. Mesenteric artery contractility in response to norepinephrine was determined by a vessel perfusion system. The contractile effect of G protein-coupled receptor kinase-2 (GRK-2) inhibitor on the mesenteric artery was evaluated. The protein expression of the alpha1 adrenergic receptor, G proteins, beta-arrestin-2, GRK-2 as well as the activity of Rho associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase-1 (ROCK-1) were measured by Western blot. In addition, the interaction of alpha1 adrenergic receptor with beta-arrestin-2 was assessed by co-immunoprecipitation. RESULTS The portal vein pressure of cirrhotic patients and rats was significantly higher than that of controls. The dose-response curve to norepinephrine in mesenteric arteriole was shifted to the right, and EC50 was significantly increased in cirrhotic patients and rats. There were no significant differences in the expressions of the alpha1 adrenergic receptor and G proteins in the cirrhotic group compared with the controls. However, the protein expressions of GRK-2 and beta-arrestin-2 were significantly elevated in cirrhotic patients and rats compared with those of the controls. The interaction of the alpha1 adrenergic receptor and beta-arrestin-2 was significantly aggravated. This interaction was significantly reversed by GRK-2 inhibitor. Both the protein expression and activity of ROCK-1 were significantly decreased in the mesenteric artery in patients with cirrhosis compared with those of the controls, and this phenomenon was not shown in the cirrhotic rats. Norepinephrine significantly increased the activity of ROCK-1 in normal rats but not in cirrhotic ones. Norepinephrine significantly increased ROCK-1 activity in cirrhotic rats when GRK-2 inhibitor was used. CONCLUSIONS beta-arrestin-2 expression and its interaction with GPCRs are significantly upregulated in the mesenteric arteries in patients and rats with cirrhosis. These upregulations result in GPCR desensitization, G-protein dysfunction and ROCK inhibition. These may explain the decreased contractility of the mesenteric artery in response to vasoconstrictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
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Santulli G, Trimarco B, Iaccarino G. G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 and hypertension: molecular insights and pathophysiological mechanisms. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2013; 20:5-12. [PMID: 23532739 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-013-0001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous factors partake in the fine-tuning of arterial blood pressure. The heptahelical G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent one of the largest classes of cell-surface receptors. Further, ligands directed at GPCRs account for nearly 30 % of current clinical pharmaceutical agents available. Given the wide variety of GPCRs involved in blood pressure control, it is reasonable to speculate for a potential role of established intermediaries involved in the GPCR desensitization process, like the G-protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs), in the regulation of vascular tone. Of the seven mammalian GRKs, GRK2 seems to be the most relevant isoform at the cardiovascular level. This review attempts to assemble the currently available information concerning GRK2 and hypertension, opening new potential fields of translational investigation to treat this vexing disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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Taguchi K, Matsumoto T, Kamata K, Kobayashi T. Suppressed G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 activity protects female diabetic-mouse aorta against endothelial dysfunction. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2013; 207:142-55. [PMID: 22925038 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2012.02473.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM Pre-menopausal women have less cardiovascular disease and lower cardiovascular morbidity and mortality than men the same age. Previously, we noted in mice that G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) negatively regulates the Akt/eNOS pathway in male diabetic aortas and that endothelial function via the Akt/eNOS pathway is less affected in female diabetic aortas. The cellular mechanisms underlying these sex differences remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the ways in which GRK2 might modulate vascular functions in male and female diabetic mice (DM). METHODS Vascular functions were examined in aortic rings. GRK2, β-arrestin 2 and Akt/eNOS-signalling-pathway protein levels and activities were assayed by Western blotting. RESULTS Phenylephrine-induced contraction was greater, while both clonidine-induced and insulin-induced relaxations were weaker (vs. male controls), in aortas from male type 2 DM, suggesting impairments of the Akt/eNOS pathway and α-adrenoceptor function. GRK2-inhibitor reversed only the impairment in Akt/eNOS-pathway-mediated relaxation in male DM. Increases in GRK2 activity, GRK2 expression in the membrane, plasma Ang II and systolic blood pressure were seen in male DM (vs. male controls) but not in female DM; these increases were attenuated by GRK2-inhibitor treatment. Repeatedly obtaining clonidine concentration-response curves led to reduced relaxation in male and in female DM aortas, indicating similar desensitization between female DM and male DM. This effect was reversed by GRK2-inhibitor in both sexes. CONCLUSION GRK2 plays a key role in modulating the aortic vasodilator effect of clonidine by selectively affecting the Akt/eNOS pathway. This action of GRK2 is more powerful in male than in female DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Taguchi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology; Institute of Medicinal Chemistry; Hoshi University; Shinagawa-ku; Tokyo; Japan
| | - T. Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology and Morphology; Institute of Medicinal Chemistry; Hoshi University; Shinagawa-ku; Tokyo; Japan
| | - K. Kamata
- Department of Physiology and Morphology; Institute of Medicinal Chemistry; Hoshi University; Shinagawa-ku; Tokyo; Japan
| | - T. Kobayashi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology; Institute of Medicinal Chemistry; Hoshi University; Shinagawa-ku; Tokyo; Japan
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