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Popovics P, Silver SV, Uchtmann KS, Arendt LM, Vezina CM, Ricke WA. CCR2 + monocytes/macrophages drive steroid hormone imbalance-related prostatic fibrosis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15736. [PMID: 38977751 PMCID: PMC11231243 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65574-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a complex condition leading to Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in aging men, characterized by cellular proliferation, smooth muscle dysfunction, inflammation, and fibrosis. While BPH is known to involve heightened macrophage infiltration, the specific contribution of infiltrating monocytes/macrophages to the disease mechanism remains uncertain. This research explores the impact of reducing circulating monocytes and subsequently limiting their tissue infiltration by using Ccr2 knockout (Ccr2-KO) mice. Ccr2-KO and wild type mice were implanted with testosterone and estradiol (T + E2, 25 mg + 2.5 mg) pellets. Urinary function was assessed via weekly void spot assays over 12 weeks, and prostatic macrophage levels were visualized and quantified in tissue sections using an F4/80 antibody. Additionally, Ki-67 staining was used to evaluate cell proliferation, and picrosirius red staining to assess collagen accumulation. Increased voiding frequency which developed in T + E2 mice, was significantly ameliorated in Ccr2-KO mice, however, both Ccr2-KO and wild type (WT) mice showed increased bladder weights after three month, representing a hypertrophic response to bladder outlet obstruction. T + E2 substantially increased the density of macrophages in WT but not Ccr2-KO mouse prostate. Proliferation rate, as indicated by Ki-67 positivity, was elevated in the vental and anterior prostate lobes but was only marginally reduced in Ccr2-KO mice. Most importantly, a significant prostatic collagen accumulation was observed in WT mice that was markedly reduced by Ccr2 deficiency post T + E2 treatment. The absence of Ccr2 mitigates urinary dysfunction and alters prostatic macrophage levels and collagen accumulation in steroid hormone imbalance. These findings suggest a crucial role for monocyte infiltration, giving rise to macrophages or other cell derivatives, to drive fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Popovics
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, 23507, USA.
- The Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, 23501, USA.
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- George M. O'Brien Center of Research Excellence, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
| | - Samara V Silver
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, 23507, USA
- The Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, 23501, USA
| | - Kristen S Uchtmann
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- George M. O'Brien Center of Research Excellence, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Lisa M Arendt
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Chad M Vezina
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- George M. O'Brien Center of Research Excellence, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - William A Ricke
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- George M. O'Brien Center of Research Excellence, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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Liu TT, Pascal LE, Bauer SR, Miles HN, Panksepp JB, Lloyd GL, Li L, DeFranco DB, Ricke WA. Age-Dependent Effects of Voluntary Wheel Running Exercise on Voiding Behavior and Potential Age-Related Molecular Mechanisms in Mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glae007. [PMID: 38198648 PMCID: PMC11079951 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older men frequently develop lower urinary tract symptoms attributed to benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH). Risk factors for LUTS/BPH include sedentary lifestyle, anxiety/depression, obesity, and frailty, which all increase with age. Although physical exercise may reduce the progression and/or severity of LUTS/BPH, the age-related mechanisms responsible remain unknown. METHODS Voiding symptoms, body mass, and frailty were assessed after 4-weeks of voluntary wheel running in 2-month (n = 10) and 24-month (n = 8) old C57Bl/6J male mice. In addition, various social and individual behaviors were examined in these cohorts. Finally, cellular and molecular markers of inflammation and mitochondrial protein expression were assessed in prostate tissue and systemically. RESULTS Despite running less (aged vs young X¯ = 12.3 vs 30.6 km/week; p = .04), aged mice had reduced voiding symptoms (X¯ = 67.3 vs 23.7; p < .0001) after 1 week of exercise, which was sustained through week 4 (X¯ = 67.3 vs 21.5; p < .0001). Exercise did not affect voiding symptoms in young mice. Exercise also increased mobility and decreased anxiety in both young and aged mice (p < .05). Exercise decreased expression of a key mitochondrial protein (PINK1; p < .05) and inflammation within the prostate (CD68; p < .05 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; p < .05) and in the serum (p < .05). However, a frailty index (X¯ = 0.17 vs 0.15; p = .46) and grip strength (X¯ = 1.10 vs 1.19; p = .24) were unchanged after 4 weeks of exercise in aged mice. CONCLUSIONS Voluntary aerobic exercise improves voiding behavior and mobility, and decreases prostatic mitochondrial protein expression and inflammation in aged mice. This promising model could be used to evaluate molecular mechanisms of aerobic exercise as a novel lifestyle intervention for older men with LUTS/BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa T Liu
- Department of Urology, George M. O’Brien Center of Research Excellence, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Laura E Pascal
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Scott R Bauer
- Department of Medicine, Urology, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hannah N Miles
- Department of Urology, George M. O’Brien Center of Research Excellence, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jules B Panksepp
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Granville L Lloyd
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Donald B DeFranco
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - William A Ricke
- Department of Urology, George M. O’Brien Center of Research Excellence, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Silver SV, Tucker KJ, Vickman RE, Lanman NA, Semmes OJ, Alvarez NS, Popovics P. PROSTATE CELL HETEROGENEITY AND CXCL17 UPREGULATION IN MOUSE STEROID HORMONE IMBALANCE. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.24.590980. [PMID: 38712029 PMCID: PMC11071464 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.24.590980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a prevalent age-related condition often characterized by debilitating urinary symptoms. Its etiology is believed to stem from hormonal imbalance, particularly an elevated estradiol-to-testosterone ratio and chronic inflammation. Our previous studies using a mouse steroid hormone imbalance model identified a specific increase in macrophages that migrate and accumulate in the prostate lumen where they differentiate into lipid-laden foam cells in mice implanted with testosterone and estradiol pellets, but not in sham animals. The current study focused on further characterizing the cellular heterogeneity of the prostate in this model as well as identifying the specific transcriptomic signature of the recruited foam cells. Moreover, we aimed to identify the epithelia-derived signals that drive macrophage infiltration and luminal translocation. Male C57BL/6J mice were implanted with slow-release testosterone and estradiol pellets (T+E2) and harvested the ventral prostates two weeks later for scRNA-seq analysis, or performed sham surgery. We identified Ear2+ and Cd72+ macrophages that were elevated in response to steroid hormone imbalance, whereas a Mrc1+ resident macrophage population did not change. In addition, an Spp1+ foam cell cluster was almost exclusively found in T+E2 mice. Further markers of foam cells were also identified, including Gpnmb and Trem2, and GPNMB was confirmed as a novel histological marker with immunohistochemistry. Foam cells were also shown to express known pathological factors Vegf, Tgfb1, Ccl6, Cxcl16 and Mmp12. Intriguingly, a screen for chemokines identified the upregulation of epithelial-derived Cxcl17, a known monocyte attractant, in T+E2 prostates suggesting that it might be responsible for the elevated macrophage number as well as their translocation to the lumen. Our study identified macrophage subsets that respond to steroid hormone imbalance as well as further confirmed a potential pathological role of luminal foam cells in the prostate. These results underscore a pathological role of the identified prostate foam cells and suggests CXCL17-mediated macrophage migration as a critical initiating event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samara V. Silver
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
| | - Kayah J. Tucker
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
| | - Renee E Vickman
- Department of Surgery, Endeavor Health, an Academic Affiliate of the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Nadia A. Lanman
- Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - O John Semmes
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
| | - Nehemiah S. Alvarez
- Department of Surgery, Endeavor Health, an Academic Affiliate of the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Petra Popovics
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA
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Tang X, Liu Z, Ren J, Cao Y, Xia S, Sun Z, Luo G. Comparative RNA-sequencing analysis of the prostate in a mouse model of benign prostatic hyperplasia with bladder outlet obstruction. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:2721-2737. [PMID: 36920576 PMCID: PMC10628026 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04695-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
In ageing men, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a chronic disease that leads to progressive lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) caused by obstruction of the bladder outlet (BOO). Patients with LUTS (such as increased frequency and urgency of urination) and complications of BOO (such as hydronephrosis and bladder stones) are at risk of serious health problems. BPH causes a rapidly rising burden of LUTS far exceeding that of other urological conditions. Treatment outcomes are unsatisfactory for BPH largely due to the lacking of fully understanding of the pathogenesis. Hormonal imbalances related to androgen and oestrogen can cause BPH, but the exact mechanism is still unknown, even the animal model is not fully understood. Additionally, there are no large-scale data to explain this mechanism. A BPH mouse model was established using mixed slow-release pellets of testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2), and we measured gene expression in mouse prostate tissue using RNA-seq, verified the results using qRT‒PCR, and used bioinformatics methods to analyse the differentially expressed genes (DEGs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Tang
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- Department of Urology Surgery, Guizhou Province People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Zhiyan Liu
- Guizhou Medical University, GuiyangGuizhou, 550025, China
| | - Jingwen Ren
- Guizhou Medical University, GuiyangGuizhou, 550025, China
| | - Ying Cao
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Shujie Xia
- Department of Urology Surgery, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhaolin Sun
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Guangheng Luo
- Department of Urology Surgery, Guizhou Province People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, China.
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Silver SV, Popovics P. The Multifaceted Role of Osteopontin in Prostate Pathologies. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2895. [PMID: 38001899 PMCID: PMC10669591 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The prostate gland, located beneath the bladder and surrounding the proximal urethra in men, plays a vital role in reproductive physiology and sexual health. Despite its importance, the prostate is vulnerable to various pathologies, including prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa). Osteopontin (OPN), a versatile protein involved in wound healing, inflammatory responses, and fibrotic diseases, has been implicated in all three prostate conditions. The role of OPN in prostatic pathophysiology, affecting both benign and malignant prostate conditions, is significant. Current evidence strongly suggests that OPN is expressed at a higher level in prostate cancer and promotes tumor progression and aggressiveness. Conversely, OPN is primarily secreted by macrophages and foam cells in benign prostate conditions and provokes inflammation and fibrosis. This review discusses the accumulating evidence on the role of OPN in prostatic diseases, cellular sources, and potential roles while also highlighting areas for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samara V. Silver
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA;
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
| | - Petra Popovics
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA;
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA
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6
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Lavery TC, Spiegelhoff A, Wang K, Kennedy CL, Ridlon M, Keil Stietz KP. Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure in adult female mice can influence bladder contractility. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2023; 11:367-384. [PMID: 37941647 PMCID: PMC10628623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) greatly reduce quality of life. While LUTS etiology is not completely understood, it is plausible that environmental contaminants could play a role. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), are a group of persistent environmental toxicants frequently documented in animal and human tissues. PCBs are capable of influencing voiding function in mouse offspring exposed developmentally, however whether PCB exposure during adulthood can also influence voiding dynamics is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether PCB exposure in adult female mice can impact voiding function. As part of a larger study to generate developmentally exposed offspring, adult female C57Bl/6J mice were dosed orally with the MARBLES PCB mixture (0.1, 1, or 6 mg/kg/day) or vehicle control beginning two weeks before mating and throughout gestation and lactation (9 weeks). Adult dosed female dams then underwent void spot assay, uroflowmetry, and anesthetized cystometry to assess voiding function. Bladder contractility was assessed in ex vivo bladder bath assays, and bladders were collected for morphology and histology assessments. While voiding behavior endpoints were minimally impacted, alterations to bladder contractility dynamics were more pronounced. Adult female mice dosed with 1 mg/kg/d PCB showed an increase in urine spots 2-3 cm2 in size, increased bladder contractility in response to electrical field stimulation, and decreased bladder wall thickness compared to vehicle control. PCBs also altered contractile response to cholinergic agonist in a dose-dependent manner. Overall, these results indicate that exposure to PCBs in adult female mice is sufficient to produce changes in bladder physiology. These results also highlight the critical role of timing of exposure in influencing voiding function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Cm Lavery
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Audrey Spiegelhoff
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Kathy Wang
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Conner L Kennedy
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Monica Ridlon
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Kimberly P Keil Stietz
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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7
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Howdeshell KL, Beverly BEJ, Blain RB, Goldstone AE, Hartman PA, Lemeris CR, Newbold RR, Rooney AA, Bucher JR. Evaluating endocrine disrupting chemicals: A perspective on the novel assessments in CLARITY-BPA. Birth Defects Res 2023; 115:1345-1397. [PMID: 37646438 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Consortium Linking Academic and Regulatory Insights on Bisphenol A Toxicity (CLARITY-BPA) was a collaborative research effort to better link academic research with governmental guideline studies. This review explores the secondary goal of CLARITY-BPA: to identify endpoints or technologies from CLARITY-BPA and prior/concurrent literature from these laboratories that may enhance the capacity of rodent toxicity studies to detect endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted with search terms for BPA and the CLARITY-BPA participants. Relevant studies employed a laboratory rodent model and reported results on 1 of the 10 organs/organ systems evaluated in CLARITY-BPA (brain and behavior, cardiac, immune, mammary gland, ovary, penile function, prostate gland and urethra, testis and epididymis, thyroid hormone and metabolism, and uterus). Study design and findings were summarized, and a risk-of-bias assessment was conducted. RESULTS Several endpoints and methods were identified as potentially helpful to detect effects of EDCs. For example, molecular and quantitative morphological approaches were sensitive in detecting alterations in early postnatal development of the brain, ovary, and mammary glands. Hormone challenge studies mimicking human aging reported increased susceptibility of the prostate to disease following developmental BPA exposure. Statistical analyses for nonmonotonic dose responses, and computational approaches assessing multiple treatment-related outcomes concurrently in linked hormone-sensitive organ systems, reported effects at low BPA doses. CONCLUSIONS This review provided an opportunity to evaluate the unique insights provided by nontraditional assessments in CLARITY-BPA to identify technologies and endpoints to enhance detection of EDCs in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kembra L Howdeshell
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brandiese E J Beverly
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Retha R Newbold
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- NIEHS, retired, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States
| | - Andrew A Rooney
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - John R Bucher
- Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- NIEHS, retired, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States
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Spiegelhoff A, Wang K, Ridlon M, Lavery T, Kennedy CL, George S, Stietz KPK. Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Impact Prostatic Collagen Density and Bladder Volume in Young Adult Mice Exposed during in Utero and Lactational Development. TOXICS 2023; 11:609. [PMID: 37505574 PMCID: PMC10384510 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants linked to deleterious health outcomes, including voiding dysfunction in developmentally exposed mice. Changes in prostate volume and/or extracellular matrix composition are associated with voiding dysfunction in men and animal models. Whether PCB-induced changes in voiding function in male mice occur in part via alterations to the prostate or an alternate mechanism is unclear. Therefore, we tested whether developmental exposure to the MARBLES PCB mixture altered prostate morphology in young adult offspring. C57Bl/6J female mice were dosed daily with the MARBLES PCB mixture at 0, 0.1, 1 or 6 mg/kg/d for two weeks prior to mating and through gestation and lactation, offspring were collected at 6 weeks of age. Ventral prostate mass was decreased in the 1 mg/kg/d PCB group compared to other PCB groups. There were no PCB-induced changes in prostate smooth muscle thickness, apoptosis, proliferation, or testes mass. PCBs impacted the prostate extracellular matrix; anterior prostate collagen density was decreased in the 1 mg/kg/d PCB group compared to all other groups. Normalized bladder volume was increased in male and female offspring in the 6 mg/kg/d PCB group compared to control. No change in water consumption, bladder mass or bladder smooth muscle thickness accompanied changes in bladder volume. Urine and serum creatinine concentrations were elevated but only in male mice. Together, these results suggest that developmental exposure to PCBs can influence prostate wet weight and prostate/bladder morphology, but PCBs do not promote prostate enlargement. Whether these changes persist throughout adult life and how they contribute to voiding function in animal models and humans is of future interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Spiegelhoff
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kathy Wang
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Monica Ridlon
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Thomas Lavery
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Conner L Kennedy
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Serena George
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kimberly P Keil Stietz
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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9
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Wang Z, Spitz R, Vezina C, Hou J, Bjorling DE. Lack of expression of miR-29a/b1 impairs bladder function in male mice. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050054. [PMID: 37283037 PMCID: PMC10259841 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) refer to various urological diseases, and incomplete bladder emptying is common among affected patients. The etiology of LUTS is largely unknown, and investigations of LUTS suggest that bladder fibrosis contributes to pathogenesis of LUTS. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (∼22 nucleotides), non-coding RNAs that repress target gene expression by a combination of mRNA degradation and translation inhibition. The miR-29 family is best known for its anti-fibrotic role in various organs. miR-29 was decreased in bladders of patients with outlet obstruction and a rat model of bladder outlet obstruction, suggesting that miR-29 may contribute to impaired bladder function subsequent to tissue fibrosis. We characterized bladder function in male mice lacking expression of Mir29a and Mir29b-1 (miR-29a/b1). Lack of miR-29a/b1 resulted in severe urinary retention, increased voiding duration and reduced flow rate, and these mice failed to void or voided irregularly during anesthetized cytometry. Collagens and elastin were increased in bladders of mice lacking miR-29a/b1. These findings reveal an important role for miR-29 in bladder homeostasis and suggest the therapeutic potential of miR-29 to improve symptoms in patients with LUTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunyi Wang
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Robert Spitz
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Chad Vezina
- The O'Brien Center for Urologic Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jianghui Hou
- Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dale E. Bjorling
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- The O'Brien Center for Urologic Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Urology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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10
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Pascal LE, Frahm KA, Skalitzky KO, DeFranco DB, Rigatti LH, Lu R, Liu TT. Genetic alterations in CREBRF influence prostate cancer survival and impact prostate tissue homeostasis in mice. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2023; 11:27-39. [PMID: 36923723 PMCID: PMC10009309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk factors for prostate cancer include age, environment, race and ethnicity. Genetic variants in cyclic-adenosine-monophosphate-response-element-binding protein 3 regulatory factor (CREBRF) gene are frequently observed in Pacific Islanders, a population with elevated prostate cancer incidence. CREBRF has been shown to play a role in other cancers, however its function in prostate homeostasis and tumorigenesis has not been previously explored. We determined the incidence of CREBRF alterations in publicly available databases and examined the impact of CREBRF deletion on the murine prostate in order to determine whether CREBRF impacts prostate physiology or pathophysiology. METHODS Alterations in CREBRF were identified in prostate cancer patients via in silico analysis of several publicly available datasets through cBioPortal. Male Crebrf knockout and wild-type littermate mice were generated and examined for prostate defects at 4 months of age. Immunohistochemical staining of murine prostate sections was used to determine the impact of Crebrf knockout on proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation and blood vessel density in the prostate. Serum adipokine levels were measured using a Luminex Multiplex Assay. RESULTS CREBRF alterations were identified in up to 4.05% of prostate tumors and the mutations identified were categorized as likely damaging. Median survival of prostate cancer patients with genetic alterations in CREBRF was 41.23 months, compared to 131 months for patients without these changes. In the murine model, the prostates of Crebrf knockout mice had reduced epithelial proliferation and increased TUNEL+ apoptotic cells. Circulating adipokines PAI-1 and MCP-1 were also altered in Crebrf knockout mice compared to age-matched controls. CONCLUSIONS Prostate cancer patients with genetic alterations in CREBRF had a significantly decreased overall survival suggesting that wild type CREBRF may play a role in limiting prostate tumorigenesis and progression. The murine knockout model demonstrated that CREBRF could modulate proliferation and apoptosis and macrophage density in the prostate. Serum levels of adipokines PAI-1 and MCP-1 were also altered and may contribute to the phenotypic changes observed in the prostates of Crebrf knockout mice. Future studies focused on populations susceptible to CREBRF mutations and mechanistic studies will be required to fully elucidate the potential role of CREBRF in prostate tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Pascal
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Krystle A Frahm
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Donald B DeFranco
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lora H Rigatti
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ray Lu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Teresa T Liu
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin Madison, WI, USA
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11
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Ruetten H, Sandhu SK, Fox O, Zhu J, Sandhu JK, Vezina CM. The impact of short term, long term and intermittent E. coli infection on male C57BL/6J mouse prostate histology and urinary physiology. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2023; 11:59-68. [PMID: 36923725 PMCID: PMC10009312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Prostatic inflammation and prostatic fibrosis are associated with lower urinary tract dysfunction in men. Prostatic inflammation arising from a transurethral uropathogenic E. coli infection is sufficient to increase prostatic collagen content in male mice. It is not known whether and how the sequence, duration and chronology of prostatic infection influence urinary function, prostatic inflammation and collagen content. We placed a transurethral catheter into adult male C57BL/6J mice to deliver uropathogenic E. coli UTI189 two-weeks prior to study endpoint (to evaluate the short-term impact of infection), 10-weeks prior to study endpoint (to evaluate the long-term impact of infection), or two-, six-, and ten-weeks prior to endpoint (to evaluate the impact of repeated intermittent infection). Mice were catheterized the same number of times across all experimental groups and instilled with sterile saline when not instilled with E. coli to control for the variable of catheterization. We measured bacterial load in free catch urine, body weight and weight of bladder and dorsal prostate; prostatic density of leukocytes, collagen and procollagen 1A1 producing cells, and urinary function. Transurethral E. coli instillation caused more severe and persistent bacteriuria in mice with a history of one or more transurethral instillations of sterile saline or E. coli. Repeated intermittent infections resulted in a greater relative bladder wet weight than single infections. However, voiding function, as measured by the void spot assay, and the density of collagen and ProCOL1A1+ cells in dorsal prostate tissue sections did not significantly differ among infection groups. The density of CD45+ leukocytes was greater in the dorsal prostate of mice infected two weeks prior to study endpoint but not in other infection groups compared to uninfected controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Ruetten
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston/UT-Southwestern George M. O’Brien Center for Benign Urologic ResearchMadison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Simran K Sandhu
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston/UT-Southwestern George M. O’Brien Center for Benign Urologic ResearchMadison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Olivia Fox
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston/UT-Southwestern George M. O’Brien Center for Benign Urologic ResearchMadison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Jonathan Zhu
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston/UT-Southwestern George M. O’Brien Center for Benign Urologic ResearchMadison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Jaskiran K Sandhu
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston/UT-Southwestern George M. O’Brien Center for Benign Urologic ResearchMadison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Chad M Vezina
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston/UT-Southwestern George M. O’Brien Center for Benign Urologic ResearchMadison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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12
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Popovics P, Penniston KL. Current research and future directions in non-malignant urologic research - proceedings of the annual CAIRIBU meeting. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2022; 10:449-461. [PMID: 36636691 PMCID: PMC9831912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The Annual Collaborating for the Advancement of Interdisciplinary Research (CAIRIBU) Meeting in 2022 highlighted basic, translational, and clinical non-malignant urology research within five main areas affecting the urinary tract: urinary dysfunction due to prostate disease, microbes and infection, bladder function and physiology, neurology and neuromuscular influences and calculi and obstruction. In this paper, we summarize main findings and future directions outlined by CAIRIBU-affiliated scientists who presented as part of the scientific sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Popovics
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical SchoolVA, USA
| | - Kristina L Penniston
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthWI, USA
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13
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Establishment of hormone-induced canine benign prostatic hyperplasia model: A prospective, controlled study. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11352. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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14
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Bleeker J, Wang ZA. Applications of Vertebrate Models in Studying Prostatitis and Inflammation-Associated Prostatic Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:898871. [PMID: 35865005 PMCID: PMC9294738 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.898871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
It has long been postulated that the inflammatory environment favors cell proliferation, and is conducive to diseases such as cancer. In the prostate gland, clinical data implicate important roles of prostatitis in the progression of both benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa). However, their causal relationships have not been firmly established yet due to unresolved molecular and cellular mechanisms. By accurately mimicking human disease, vertebrate animals provide essential in vivo models to address this question. Here, we review the vertebrate prostatitis models that have been developed and discuss how they may reveal possible mechanisms by which prostate inflammation promotes BPH and PCa. Recent studies, particularly those involving genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs), suggest that such mechanisms are multifaceted, which include epithelium barrier disruption, DNA damage and cell proliferation induced by paracrine signals, and expansion of potential cells of origin for cancer. Future research using rodent prostatitis models should aim to distinguish the etiologies of BPH and PCa, and facilitate the development of novel clinical approaches for prostatic disease prevention.
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15
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Kennedy CL, Spiegelhoff A, Lavery T, Wang K, Manuel RSJ, Wang Z, Wildermuth H, Keil Stietz KP. Developmental polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure alters voiding physiology in young adult male and female mice. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2022; 10:82-97. [PMID: 35528463 PMCID: PMC9077147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The impact of developmental exposure to environmental chemicals on lower urinary tract function is not well understood, despite the fact that these chemicals could contribute to etiologically complex lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are environmental toxicants known to be detrimental to the central nervous system, but their impact on voiding function in mouse models is not known. Therefore, we test whether developmental exposure to PCBs is capable of altering voiding physiology in young adult mice. C57Bl/6J female mice received a daily oral dose of the MARBLES PCB mixture for two weeks prior to mating and through gestation and lactation. The mixture mimics the profile of PCBs found in a contemporary population of pregnant women. Voiding function was then tested in young adult offspring using void spot assay, uroflowmetry and anesthetized cystometry. PCB effects were sex and dose dependent. Overall, PCBs led to increases in small size urine spots in both sexes with males producing more drop-like voids and greater peak pressure during a voiding cycle while females displayed decreases in void duration and intervoid interval. Together, these results indicate that developmental exposure to PCBs are capable of altering voiding physiology in young adult mice. Further work to identify the underlying mechanisms driving these changes may help develop more effective preventative or therapeutic strategies for LUTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conner L Kennedy
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Audrey Spiegelhoff
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Thomas Lavery
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kathy Wang
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Robbie SJ Manuel
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Zunyi Wang
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Hannah Wildermuth
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kimberly P Keil Stietz
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI 53706, USA
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16
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Pascal LE, Igarashi T, Mizoguchi S, Chen W, Rigatti LH, Madigan CG, Dhir R, Bushman W, DeFranco DB, Yoshimura N, Wang Z. E-cadherin deficiency promotes prostate macrophage inflammation and bladder overactivity in aged male mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:2945-2965. [PMID: 35361739 PMCID: PMC9037276 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Decreased E-cadherin immunostaining is frequently observed in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and was recently correlated with increased inflammation in aging prostate. Homozygous E-cadherin deletion in the murine prostate results in prostate inflammation and bladder overactivity at 6 months of age. However, this model is limited in that while E-cadherin is significantly reduced in BPH, it is not completely lost; BPH is also strongly associated with advanced age and is infrequent in young men. Here, we examined the functional consequences of aging in male mice with prostate luminal epithelial cell-specific E-cadherin heterozygosity. In control mice, aging alone resulted in an increase in prostate inflammation and changes in bladder voiding function indicative of bladder underactivity. At 24 months of age, mice with prostate-specific Cre-mediated heterozygous deletion of E-cadherin induced at 7 weeks of age developed additional prostatic defects, particularly increased macrophage inflammation and stromal proliferation, and bladder overactivity compared to age-matched control mice, which are similar to BPH/LUTS in that the phenotype is slow-progressing and age-dependent. These findings suggest that decreased E-cadherin may promote macrophage inflammation and fibrosis in the prostate and subsequent bladder overactivity in aging men, promoting the development and progression of BPH/LUTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Pascal
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Taro Igarashi
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Shinsuke Mizoguchi
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Lora H. Rigatti
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Caroline G. Madigan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Rajiv Dhir
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Wade Bushman
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Donald B. DeFranco
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
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17
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Nguyen JL, Ricke EA, Liu TT, Gerona R, MacGillivray L, Wang Z, Timms BG, Bjorling DE, Vom Saal FS, Ricke WA. Bisphenol-A analogs induce lower urinary tract dysfunction in male mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 197:114889. [PMID: 34979091 PMCID: PMC9436030 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol-A (BPA), an estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemical, significantly impacts numerous diseases and abnormalities in mammals. Estrogens are known to play an important role in the biology of the prostate; however, little is known about the role of bisphenols in the etiology of prostate pathologies, including benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and associated lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD). Bisphenol-F (BPF) and bisphenol-S (BPS) are analogs often used as substitutes for BPA; they are both reported to have in vitro and in vivo estrogenic effects similar to or more potent than BPA. The objective of this study was to assess the role of these bisphenols in the development of LUTD in adult male mice. In adult mice exposed to BPA, BPS or BPF, we examined urinary tract histopathology and physiological events associated with urinary dysfunction. Mice treated with bisphenols displayed increased bladder (p < 0.005) and prostate (p < 0.0001) mass, and there was an increased number of prostatic ducts in the prostatic urethra (p < 0.05) and decreased size of the urethra lumen (p < 0.05) compared to negative controls. After two months of bisphenol exposure, mice displayed notable differences in cystometric tracings compared to controls, consistent with LUTD. Treatment of male mice with all bisphenols also induced voiding dysfunction manifested by detrusor instability and histologic changes in the prostatic urethra of male rodents, consistent with LUTD. Our results implicate BPA and its replacements in the development and progression LUTD in mice and provide insights into the development and progression of BPH/LUTS in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Nguyen
- Dept of Urology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719, United States
| | - E A Ricke
- Dept of Urology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719, United States
| | - T T Liu
- Dept of Urology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719, United States
| | - R Gerona
- Dept of ObGyn, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - L MacGillivray
- Dept of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52240, United States
| | - Z Wang
- Dept of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - B G Timms
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, United States
| | - D E Bjorling
- Dept of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - F S Vom Saal
- Dept of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - W A Ricke
- Dept of Urology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719, United States.
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18
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Male Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction: An Underrepresented Endpoint in Toxicology Research. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10020089. [PMID: 35202275 PMCID: PMC8880407 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10020089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) is nearly ubiquitous in men of advancing age and exerts substantial physical, mental, social, and financial costs to society. While a large body of research is focused on the molecular, genetic, and epigenetic underpinnings of the disease, little research has been dedicated to the influence of environmental chemicals on disease initiation, progression, or severity. Despite a few recent studies indicating a potential developmental origin of male LUTD linked to chemical exposures in the womb, it remains a grossly understudied endpoint in toxicology research. Therefore, we direct this review to toxicologists who are considering male LUTD as a new aspect of chemical toxicity studies. We focus on the LUTD disease process in men, as well as in the male mouse as a leading research model. To introduce the disease process, we describe the physiology of the male lower urinary tract and the cellular composition of lower urinary tract tissues. We discuss known and suspected mechanisms of male LUTD and examples of environmental chemicals acting through these mechanisms to contribute to LUTD. We also describe mouse models of LUTD and endpoints to diagnose, characterize, and quantify LUTD in men and mice.
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19
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Combined Effects of Different Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) on Prostate Gland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189772. [PMID: 34574693 PMCID: PMC8471191 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) belong to a heterogeneous class of environmental pollutants widely diffused in different aquatic and terrestrial habitats. This implies that humans and animals are continuously exposed to EDCs from different matrices and sources. Moreover, pollution derived from anthropic and industrial activities leads to combined exposure to substances with multiple mechanisms of action on the endocrine system and correlated cell and tissue targets. For this reason, specific organs, such as the prostate gland, which physiologically are under the control of hormones like androgens and estrogens, are particularly sensitive to EDC stimulation. It is now well known that an imbalance in hormonal regulation can cause the onset of various prostate diseases, from benign prostate hyperplasia to prostate cancer. In this review, starting with the description of normal prostate gland anatomy and embryology, we summarize recent studies reporting on how the multiple and simultaneous exposure to estrogenic and anti-androgenic compounds belonging to EDCs are responsible for an increase in prostate disease incidence in the human population.
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20
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Ruetten HM, Henry GH, Liu TT, Spratt HM, Ricke WA, Strand DW, Vezina CM. A NEW approach for characterizing mouse urinary pathophysiologies. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14964. [PMID: 34337899 PMCID: PMC8326900 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The void spot assay (VSA) is a cost-effective method for evaluating and quantifying mouse urinary voiding phenotypes. The VSA has been used to differentiate voiding behaviors between experimental groups, but not as a diagnostic assay. To build toward this goal, we used the VSA to define voiding patterns of male mice with diabetic diuresis (BTBR.Cg-Lepob /WiscJ mice), irritative urinary dysfunction (E. coli UTI89 urinary tract infection), and obstructive urinary dysfunction (testosterone and estradiol slow-release implants) compared to their respective controls. Many studies compare individual VSA endpoints (urine spot size, quantity, or distribution) between experimental groups. Here, we consider all endpoints collectively to establish VSA phenomes of mice with three different etiologies of voiding dysfunction. We created an approach called normalized endpoint work through (NEW) to normalize VSA outputs to control mice, and then applied principal components analysis and hierarchical clustering to 12 equally weighted, normalized, scaled, and zero-centered VSA outcomes collected from each mouse (the VSA phenome). This approach accurately classifies mice based on voiding dysfunction etiology. We used principal components analysis and hierarchical clustering to show that some aged mice (>24 m old) develop an obstructive or a diabetic diuresis VSA phenotype while others develop a unique phenotype that does not cluster with that of diabetic, infected, or obstructed mice. These findings support use of the VSA to identify specific urinary phenotypes in mice and the continued use of aged mice as they develop urinary dysfunction representative of the various etiologies of LUTS in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M. Ruetten
- Department of Comparative BiosciencesUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
- University of Wisconsin‐Madison/UMASS Boston/UT Southwestern George M. O’Brien Center for Benign Urologic ResearchMadisonWIUSA
| | - Gervaise H. Henry
- University of Wisconsin‐Madison/UMASS Boston/UT Southwestern George M. O’Brien Center for Benign Urologic ResearchMadisonWIUSA
- Department of UrologyUT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
| | - Teresa T. Liu
- University of Wisconsin‐Madison/UMASS Boston/UT Southwestern George M. O’Brien Center for Benign Urologic ResearchMadisonWIUSA
- Department of UrologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Heidi M. Spratt
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Population HealthUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTXUSA
| | - William A. Ricke
- University of Wisconsin‐Madison/UMASS Boston/UT Southwestern George M. O’Brien Center for Benign Urologic ResearchMadisonWIUSA
- Department of UrologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Douglas W. Strand
- University of Wisconsin‐Madison/UMASS Boston/UT Southwestern George M. O’Brien Center for Benign Urologic ResearchMadisonWIUSA
- Department of UrologyUT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
| | - Chad M. Vezina
- Department of Comparative BiosciencesUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
- University of Wisconsin‐Madison/UMASS Boston/UT Southwestern George M. O’Brien Center for Benign Urologic ResearchMadisonWIUSA
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21
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Abler LL, O’Driscoll CA, Colopy SA, Stietz KPK, Wang P, Wang Z, Hartmann F, Crader-Smith SM, Oellete JN, Mehta V, Oakes SR, Grimes MD, Mitchell GS, Baan M, Gallagher SJ, Davis DB, Kimple ME, Bjorling DE, Watters JJ, Vezina CM. The influence of intermittent hypoxia, obesity, and diabetes on male genitourinary anatomy and voiding physiology. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 321:F82-F92. [PMID: 34121451 PMCID: PMC8807064 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00112.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We used male BTBR mice carrying the Lepob mutation, which are subject to severe and progressive obesity and diabetes beginning at 6 wk of age, to examine the influence of one specific manifestation of sleep apnea, intermittent hypoxia (IH), on male urinary voiding physiology and genitourinary anatomy. A custom device was used to deliver continuous normoxia (control) or IH to wild-type and Lepob/ob (mutant) mice for 2 wk. IH was delivered during the 12-h inactive (light) period in the form of 90 s of 6% O2 followed by 90 s of room air. Continuous room air was delivered during the 12-h active (dark) period. We then evaluated genitourinary anatomy and physiology. As expected for the type 2 diabetes phenotype, mutant mice consumed more food and water, weighed more, and voided more frequently and in larger urine volumes. They also had larger bladder volumes but smaller prostates, seminal vesicles, and urethras than wild-type mice. IH decreased food consumption and increased bladder relative weight independent of genotype and increased urine glucose concentration in mutant mice. When evaluated based on genotype (normoxia + IH), the incidence of pathogenic bacteriuria was greater in mutant mice than in wild-type mice, and among mice exposed to IH, bacteriuria incidence was greater in mutant mice than in wild-type mice. We conclude that IH exposure and type 2 diabetes can act independently and together to modify male mouse urinary function. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Metabolic syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea are common in aging men, and both have been linked to urinary voiding dysfunction. Here, we show that metabolic syndrome and intermittent hypoxia (a manifestation of sleep apnea) have individual and combined influences on voiding function and urogenital anatomy in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa L. Abler
- 1Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin,2University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston/UT-Southwestern George M. O’Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Chelsea A. O’Driscoll
- 1Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin,2University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston/UT-Southwestern George M. O’Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Sara A. Colopy
- 3Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Kimberly P. Keil Stietz
- 1Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Peiqing Wang
- 3Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Zunyi Wang
- 3Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Faye Hartmann
- 4Microbiology Laboratory, UW Veterinary Care, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Stephanie M. Crader-Smith
- 1Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jonathan N. Oellete
- 1Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Vatsal Mehta
- 1Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Steven R. Oakes
- 1Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Matthew D. Grimes
- 5Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Gordon S. Mitchell
- 6Department of Physical Therapy and McKnight Brain Institute, grid.15276.37University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Mieke Baan
- 7Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin,8William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Shannon J. Gallagher
- 7Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin,8William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Dawn B. Davis
- 7Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin,8William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Michelle E. Kimple
- 7Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin,8William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Dale E. Bjorling
- 2University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston/UT-Southwestern George M. O’Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, Wisconsin,3Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jyoti J. Watters
- 1Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Chad M. Vezina
- 1Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin,2University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston/UT-Southwestern George M. O’Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, Wisconsin
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22
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Wegner KA, Ruetten H, Girardi NM, O’Driscoll CA, Sandhu JK, Turco AE, Abler LL, Wang P, Wang Z, Bjorling DE, Malinowski R, Peterson RE, Strand DW, Marker PC, Vezina CM. Genetic background but not prostatic epithelial beta-catenin influences susceptibility of male mice to testosterone and estradiol-induced urinary dysfunction. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2021; 9:121-131. [PMID: 33816700 PMCID: PMC8012832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Urinary voiding dysfunction in aging men can cause bothersome symptoms and irreparable tissue damage. Underlying mechanisms are not fully known. We previously demonstrated that subcutaneous, slow-release testosterone and estradiol implants (T+E2) drive a pattern of urinary voiding dysfunction in male mice that resembles that of aging men. The initial goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that prostatic epithelial beta-catenin (Ctnnb1) is required for T+E2-mediated voiding dysfunction. Targeted Ctnnb1 deletion did not significantly change voiding function in control or T+E2 treated mice but led to the surprising discovery that the C57BL/6J × FVB/NJ × 129S1 mixed genetic background onto which Ctnnb1 loss of function alleles were maintained is profoundly susceptible to voiding dysfunction. The mixed background mice develop a more rapid T+E2-mediated increase in spontaneous urine spotting, are more impaired in ability to initiate bladder contraction, and develop larger and heavier bladders than T+E2 treated C57BL/6J pure bred mice. To better understand mechanisms, we separately evaluated contributions of T and E2 and found that E2 mediates voiding dysfunction. Our findings that genetic factors serve as modifiers of responsiveness to T and E2 demonstrate the need to control for genetic background in studies of male voiding dysfunction. We also show that genetic factors could control severity of voiding dysfunction. We demonstrate the importance of E2 as a key mediator of voiding impairment, and show that the concentration of E2 in subcutaneous implants determines the severity of voiding dysfunction in mice, demonstrating that the mouse model is tunable, a factor which is important for future pharmacological intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A Wegner
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston/UT-Southwestern George M. O’Brien Center for Benign Urologic ResearchMadison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Hannah Ruetten
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston/UT-Southwestern George M. O’Brien Center for Benign Urologic ResearchMadison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Nicholas M Girardi
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston/UT-Southwestern George M. O’Brien Center for Benign Urologic ResearchMadison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Chelsea A O’Driscoll
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston/UT-Southwestern George M. O’Brien Center for Benign Urologic ResearchMadison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Jaskiran K Sandhu
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston/UT-Southwestern George M. O’Brien Center for Benign Urologic ResearchMadison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Anne E Turco
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston/UT-Southwestern George M. O’Brien Center for Benign Urologic ResearchMadison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Lisa L Abler
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston/UT-Southwestern George M. O’Brien Center for Benign Urologic ResearchMadison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Peiqing Wang
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston/UT-Southwestern George M. O’Brien Center for Benign Urologic ResearchMadison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Zunyi Wang
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston/UT-Southwestern George M. O’Brien Center for Benign Urologic ResearchMadison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Dale E Bjorling
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston/UT-Southwestern George M. O’Brien Center for Benign Urologic ResearchMadison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Rita Malinowski
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston/UT-Southwestern George M. O’Brien Center for Benign Urologic ResearchMadison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| | | | - Douglas W Strand
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston/UT-Southwestern George M. O’Brien Center for Benign Urologic ResearchMadison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, Texas, USA
| | - Paul C Marker
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston/UT-Southwestern George M. O’Brien Center for Benign Urologic ResearchMadison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| | - Chad M Vezina
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston/UT-Southwestern George M. O’Brien Center for Benign Urologic ResearchMadison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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23
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Keil Stietz KP, Kennedy CL, Sethi S, Valenzuela A, Nunez A, Wang K, Wang Z, Wang P, Spiegelhoff A, Puschner B, Bjorling DE, Lein PJ. In utero and lactational PCB exposure drives anatomic changes in the juvenile mouse bladder. Curr Res Toxicol 2021; 2:1-18. [PMID: 34337439 PMCID: PMC8317607 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder dysfunction, including incontinence, difficulty emptying the bladder, or urgency to urinate is a pervasive health and quality of life concern. However, risk factors for developing these symptoms are not completely understood, and the influence of exposure to environmental chemicals, especially during development, on the formation and function of the bladder is understudied. Environmental contaminants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are known to pose a risk to the developing brain; however, their influence on the development of peripheral target organs, such as bladder, are unknown. To address this data gap, C57Bl/6J mouse dams were exposed to an environmentally-relevant PCB mixture at 0, 0.1, 1 or 6 mg/kg daily beginning two weeks prior to mating and continuing through gestation and lactation. Bladders were collected from offspring at postnatal days (P) 28-31. PCB concentrations were detected in bladders in a dose-dependent manner. PCB effects on the bladder were sex- and dose-dependent. Overall, PCB effects were observed in male, but not female, bladders. PCBs increased bladder volume and suburothelial βIII-tubulin-positive nerve density compared to vehicle control. A subset of these nerves were sensory peptidergic axons indicated by increased calcitonin gene-related protein (CGRP) positive nerve fibers in mice exposed to the highest PCB dose compared to the lowest PCB dose. PCB-induced increased nerve density was also positively correlated with the number of mast cells in the bladder, suggesting inflammation may be involved. There were no detectable changes in epithelial composition or apoptosis as indicated by expression of cleaved caspase 3, suggesting PCBs do not cause overt toxicity. Bladder volume changes were not accompanied by changes in bladder mass or epithelial thickness, indicating that obstruction was not likely involved. Together, these results are the first to suggest that following developmental exposure, PCBs can distribute to the bladder and alter neuroanatomic development and bladder volume in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly P. Keil Stietz
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California-Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA,Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, USA,Corresponding author at: Department of Comparative Biosciences University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Veterinary Medicine, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Conner L. Kennedy
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sunjay Sethi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California-Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Valenzuela
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California-Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra Nunez
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kathy Wang
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Zunyi Wang
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Peiqing Wang
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Audrey Spiegelhoff
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Birgit Puschner
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California-Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Dale E. Bjorling
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Pamela J. Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California-Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
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24
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Pascal LE, Mizoguchi S, Chen W, Rigatti LH, Igarashi T, Dhir R, Tyagi P, Wu Z, Yang Z, de Groat WC, DeFranco DB, Yoshimura N, Wang Z. Prostate-Specific Deletion of Cdh1 Induces Murine Prostatic Inflammation and Bladder Overactivity. Endocrinology 2021; 162:5992231. [PMID: 33211830 PMCID: PMC7745638 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an age-related debilitating prostatic disease that is frequently associated with prostatic inflammation and bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Animal models have shown that formalin- and bacterial-induced prostatic inflammation can induce bladder dysfunction; however, the underlying mechanisms contributing to prostatic inflammation in BPH and bladder dysfunction are not clear. We previously reported that E-cadherin expression in BPH is downregulated in hyperplastic nodules compared with expression in adjacent normal tissues. Here, we explored the potential consequences of prostatic E-cadherin downregulation on the prostate and bladder in vivo using an inducible murine model of prostate luminal epithelial-specific deletion of Cdh1. The prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-CreERT2 transgenic mouse strain expressing tamoxifen-inducible CreERT2 recombinase driven by a 6-kb human PSA promoter/enhancer was crossed with the B6.129-Cdh1tm2Kem/J mouse to generate bigenic PSA-CreERT2/Cdh1-/- mice. Deletion of E-cadherin was induced by transient administration of tamoxifen when mice reached sexual maturity (7 weeks of age). At 21 to 23 weeks of age, the prostate, bladder, and prostatic urethra were examined histologically, and bladder function was assessed using void spot assays and cystometry. Mice with Cdh1 deletion had increased prostatic inflammation, prostatic epithelial hyperplasia, and stromal changes at 21 to 23 weeks of age, as well as changes in bladder voiding function compared with age-matched controls. Thus, loss of E-cadherin in the murine prostate could result in prostatic defects that are characteristic of BPH and LUTS, suggesting that E-cadherin downregulation could be a driving force in human BPH development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Pascal
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Correspondence: Zhou Wang, PhD, Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 5200 Centre Ave, Suite G40, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA. ; or Laura E. Pascal, PhD, Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 5200 Centre Ave, Suite G34, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.
| | - Shinsuke Mizoguchi
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lora H Rigatti
- Division of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Taro Igarashi
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rajiv Dhir
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pradeep Tyagi
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zeyu Wu
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William C de Groat
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Donald B DeFranco
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Correspondence: Zhou Wang, PhD, Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 5200 Centre Ave, Suite G40, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA. ; or Laura E. Pascal, PhD, Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 5200 Centre Ave, Suite G34, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.
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25
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Heindel JJ, Belcher S, Flaws JA, Prins GS, Ho SM, Mao J, Patisaul HB, Ricke W, Rosenfeld CS, Soto AM, Vom Saal FS, Zoeller RT. Data integration, analysis, and interpretation of eight academic CLARITY-BPA studies. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 98:29-60. [PMID: 32682780 PMCID: PMC7365109 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
"Consortium Linking Academic and Regulatory Insights on BPA Toxicity" (CLARITY-BPA) was a comprehensive "industry-standard" Good Laboratory Practice (GLP)-compliant 2-year chronic exposure study of bisphenol A (BPA) toxicity that was supplemented by hypothesis-driven independent investigator-initiated studies. The investigator-initiated studies were focused on integrating disease-associated, molecular, and physiological endpoints previously found by academic scientists into an industry standard guideline-compliant toxicity study. Thus, the goal of this collaboration was to provide a more comprehensive dataset upon which to base safety standards and to determine whether industry-standard tests are as sensitive and predictive as molecular and disease-associated endpoints. The goal of this report is to integrate the findings from the investigator-initiated studies into a comprehensive overview of the observed impacts of BPA across the multiple organs and systems analyzed. For each organ system, we provide the rationale for the study, an overview of methodology, and summarize major findings. We then compare the results of the CLARITY-BPA studies across organ systems with the results of previous peer-reviewed studies from independent labs. Finally, we discuss potential influences that contributed to differences between studies. Developmental exposure to BPA can lead to adverse effects in multiple organs systems, including the brain, prostate gland, urinary tract, ovary, mammary gland, and heart. As published previously, many effects were at the lowest dose tested, 2.5μg/kg /day, and many of the responses were non-monotonic. Because the low dose of BPA affected endpoints in the same animals across organs evaluated in different labs, we conclude that these are biologically - and toxicologically - relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrold J Heindel
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 94924, United States.
| | - Scott Belcher
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, United States
| | - Gail S Prins
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago IL 60612, United States
| | - Shuk-Mei Ho
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH 45267, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, United States
| | - Jiude Mao
- Biomedical Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Heather B Patisaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - William Ricke
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI 53705, United States
| | - Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Biomedical Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Ana M Soto
- Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, United States
| | - Frederick S Vom Saal
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - R Thomas Zoeller
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
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26
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Wei P, Hao L, Thomas S, Buchberger AR, Steinke L, Marker PC, Ricke WA, Li L. Urinary Amine Metabolomics Characterization with Custom 12-Plex Isobaric DiLeu Labeling. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:1854-1860. [PMID: 32678615 PMCID: PMC7484200 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) is common in aging males. Disease etiology is largely unknown but likely includes inflammation and age-related changes in steroid hormones. Diagnosis is currently based on subjective symptom scores, and mainstay treatments can be ineffective and bothersome. Biomarker discovery efforts could facilitate objective diagnostic criteria for personalized medicine and new potential druggable pathways. To identify urine metabolite markers specific to hormone-induced bladder outlet obstruction, we applied our custom synthesized multiplex isobaric tags to monitor the development of bladder outlet obstruction across time in an experimental mouse model of LUTS. Mouse urine samples were collected before treatment and after 2, 4, and 8 weeks of steroid hormone treatment and subsequently analyzed by nanoflow ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Accurate and high-throughput quantification of amine-containing metabolites was achieved by 12-plex DiLeu isobaric labeling. Metandem, a novel online software tool for large-scale isobaric labeling-based metabolomics, was used for identification and relative quantification of labeled metabolites. A total of 59 amine-containing metabolites were identified and quantified, 9 of which were changed significantly by the hormone treatment. Metabolic pathway analyses showed that three metabolic pathways were potentially disrupted. Among them, the arginine and proline metabolism pathway was significantly dysregulated both in this model and in a prior analysis of LUTS patient samples. Proline and citrulline were significantly changed in both samples and serve as attractive candidate biomarkers. The 12-plex DiLeu isobaric labeling with Metandem data processing presents an accessible and efficient workflow for an amine-containing metabolome study in biological specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingli Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Ling Hao
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Samuel Thomas
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Amanda Rae Buchberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Laura Steinke
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, USA
| | - Paul C. Marker
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, USA
| | - William A. Ricke
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53705, USA
- Corresponding Author: Prof. Lingjun Li, School of Pharmacy & Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, . Phone: (608)265-8491, Fax: (608)262-5345
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27
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Zhang J, Zhang M, Tang J, Yin G, Long Z, He L, Zhou C, Luo L, Qi L, Wang L. Animal models of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2020; 24:49-57. [PMID: 32873917 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-020-00277-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and associated lower urinary tract symptoms are common clinical concerns that affect aging men all over the world. The underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms remain elusive. Over the past few years, a number of animal models of BPH, including spontaneous model, BPH-induction model, xenograft model, metabolic syndrome model, mechanical obstruction model, and transgenic model, have been established that may provide useful tools to fill these critical knowledge gaps. In this review, we therefore outlined the present status quo for animal models of BPH, comparing the pros and cons with respect to their ability to mimic the etiological, histological, and clinical hallmarks of BPH and discussed their applicability for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Mengda Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Jin Tang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Guangming Yin
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi Long
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Leye He
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Chuanchi Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Lufeng Luo
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.,Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Urology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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28
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Vickman RE, Franco OE, Moline DC, Vander Griend DJ, Thumbikat P, Hayward SW. The role of the androgen receptor in prostate development and benign prostatic hyperplasia: A review. Asian J Urol 2020; 7:191-202. [PMID: 32742923 PMCID: PMC7385520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a benign enlargement of the prostate in which incidence increases linearly with age, beginning at about 50 years old. BPH is a significant source of morbidity in aging men by causing lower urinary tract symptoms and acute urinary retention. Unfortunately, the etiology of BPH incidence and progression is not clear. This review highlights the role of the androgen receptor (AR) in prostate development and the evidence for its involvement in BPH. The AR is essential for normal prostate development, and individuals with defective AR signaling, such as after castration, do not experience prostate enlargement with age. Furthermore, decreasing dihydrotestosterone availability through therapeutic targeting with 5α-reductase inhibitors diminishes AR activity and results in reduced prostate size and symptoms in some BPH patients. While there is some evidence that AR expression is elevated in certain cellular compartments, how exactly AR is involved in BPH progression has yet to be elucidated. It is possible that AR signaling within stromal cells alters intercellular signaling and a "reawakening" of the embryonic mesenchyme, loss of epithelial AR leads to changes in paracrine signaling interactions, and/or chronic inflammation aids in stromal or epithelial proliferation evident in BPH. Unfortunately, a subset of patients fails to respond to current medical approaches, forcing surgical treatment even though age or associated co-morbidities make surgery less attractive. Fundamentally, new therapeutic approaches to treat BPH are not currently forthcoming, so a more complete molecular understanding of BPH etiology is necessary to identify new treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee E. Vickman
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Omar E. Franco
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Daniel C. Moline
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Praveen Thumbikat
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Simon W. Hayward
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
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29
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Taylor JA, Jones MB, Besch-Williford CL, Berendzen AF, Ricke WA, vom Saal FS. Interactive Effects of Perinatal BPA or DES and Adult Testosterone and Estradiol Exposure on Adult Urethral Obstruction and Bladder, Kidney, and Prostate Pathology in Male Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113902. [PMID: 32486162 PMCID: PMC7313472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive voiding disorder (OVD) occurs during aging in men and is often, but not always, associated with increased prostate size, due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostatitis, or prostate cancer. Estrogens are known to impact the development of both OVD and prostate diseases, either during early urogenital tract development in fetal–neonatal life or later in adulthood. To examine the potential interaction between developmental and adult estrogen exposure on the adult urogenital tract, male CD-1 mice were perinatally exposed to bisphenol A (BPA), diethylstilbestrol (DES) as a positive control, or vehicle negative control, and in adulthood were treated for 4 months with Silastic capsules containing testosterone and estradiol (T+E2) or empty capsules. Animals exposed to BPA or DES during perinatal development were more likely than negative controls to have urine flow/kidney problems and enlarged bladders, as well as enlarged prostates. OVD in adult T+E2-treated perinatal BPA and DES animals was associated with dorsal prostate hyperplasia and prostatitis. The results demonstrate a relationship between elevated exogenous estrogen levels during urogenital system development and elevated estradiol in adulthood and OVD in male mice. These findings support the two-hit hypothesis for the development of OVD and prostate diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A. Taylor
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (J.A.T.); (M.B.J.)
| | - Maren Bell Jones
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (J.A.T.); (M.B.J.)
| | | | - Ashley F. Berendzen
- Biomolecular Imaging Center, Harry S Truman VA Hospital and University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - William A. Ricke
- George M. O’Brien Center of Research Excellence, Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
| | - Frederick S. vom Saal
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; (J.A.T.); (M.B.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(573)-356-9621
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30
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Wu S, Huang D, Su X, Yan H, Wu J, Sun Z. Oral exposure to low-dose bisphenol A induces hyperplasia of dorsolateral prostate and upregulates EGFR expression in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2020; 35:647-659. [PMID: 31771501 DOI: 10.1177/0748233719885565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Prostate is sensitive to endocrine hormone level, and the synergetic effect of estrogen and androgen is critical in prostate growth. The change of signal pathways caused by the imbalance of estrogen and androgen might function in the occurrence of prostate diseases. As a well-known endocrine disruptor compound, bisphenol A (BPA) can disturb the normal function of endocrine hormone and affect prostate development. This study aims to investigate effects of BPA on the dorsolateral prostate (DLP) and the related gene expression of the tissue in adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and to explore the mechanism for the effect of low-dose BPA on DLP hyperplasia. Three-month-old male SD rats were treated with BPA (10.0, 30.0, or 90.0 µg (kg.day)-1, gavage) or vehicle (gavage) for 4 weeks. BPA significantly increased the DLP weight, the DLP organ coefficient, and the prostate epithelium height (p < 0.01) of rats dose-dependently. Microarray analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that BPA significantly upregulated the transcriptional levels of some genes, including pituitary tumor transforming gene 1, epidermal growth factor, Sh3kbp1, and Pcna. Furthermore, the expression of PCNA (p < 0.01), androgen receptor (p < 0.01), and EGF receptor (EGFR) (p < 0.001) in DLP was increased significantly by BPA treatment, and the expression of estrogen receptor alpha was also upregulated. The findings evidenced that low-dose BPA could induce DLP hyperplasia in adult rats, and the upregulated EGF/EGFR pathway that was responsive to estrogen and androgen might play an essential role in the DLP hyperplasia induced by low-dose BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Wu
- Pharmacy School of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Evaluatinon Centre for Toxicology of Fertility Regulating Drugs, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, Shanghai, China.,Reproductive and Developmental Research Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongyan Huang
- National Evaluatinon Centre for Toxicology of Fertility Regulating Drugs, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, Shanghai, China.,Reproductive and Developmental Research Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Su
- National Evaluatinon Centre for Toxicology of Fertility Regulating Drugs, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Yan
- National Evaluatinon Centre for Toxicology of Fertility Regulating Drugs, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, Shanghai, China.,Reproductive and Developmental Research Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- National Evaluatinon Centre for Toxicology of Fertility Regulating Drugs, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, Shanghai, China.,Reproductive and Developmental Research Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuyue Sun
- National Evaluatinon Centre for Toxicology of Fertility Regulating Drugs, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC, Shanghai, China.,Reproductive and Developmental Research Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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31
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Hur MS, Lee HW, Yang HM, Kwon HJ, O J, Lee S, Oh CS. Longitudinal muscular column in the prostatic urethral wall: Its form, shape, and possible function based on mathematical simulation in ejaculation. Prostate 2020; 80:471-480. [PMID: 32049374 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The shape and function of the longitudinal muscular column (LMC) of the prostate have not been established in detail. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the roles of the LMC of the posterior wall of the prostatic urethra (PSU) in the emission phase of ejaculation by investigating the form and muscular arrangement of the LMC. METHODS Prostates and urinary bladders were obtained from 14 Korean adult cadavers. Nine specimens were histologically analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and Verhoeff-van Gieson staining. Two specimens were scanned using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), and all scanned images were reconstructed into a three-dimensional model. RESULTS At the proximal level of the prostate, the ejaculatory ducts (EDs) and prostatic utricle (PU) together were surrounded by circular smooth-muscle fibers. However, at the seminal colliculus (SC) where the EDs and PU opened, they were mainly surrounded by an abundance of longitudinal fibers. The longitudinal fibers posterior to the EDs and PU formed a distinctive LMC in the posterior urethral wall. In histologic sections and micro-CT images, the LMC extended distally from the level of the SC to the level of the membranous urethra (MBU). We simulated a potential mechanism of LMC using a mathematical model of its movements. CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive analyses based on in-depth assessment of histologic characteristics and micro-CT images demonstrated extension of the LMC from the level of the SC to the level of the MBU, enabling a better understanding of ejaculation physiology involving the LMC. These results suggest that the LMC in the posterior wall of the PSU is a critical component of ejaculation by facilitating the ejection of seminal vesicle fluid into the PSU via well-coordinated contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Sun Hur
- Department of Anatomy, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Hye Won Lee
- Department of Hospital Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hun-Mu Yang
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kwon
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jehoon O
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seunggyu Lee
- Department of Mathematics and Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Chang-Seok Oh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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32
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Thomas S, Hao L, DeLaney K, McLean D, Steinke L, Marker PC, Vezina CM, Li L, Ricke WA. Spatiotemporal Proteomics Reveals the Molecular Consequences of Hormone Treatment in a Mouse Model of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:1375-1382. [PMID: 32108482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia and related lower urinary tract symptoms remain common, costly, and impactful issues for aging males. The etiology and pathogenesis are multifactorial and include steroid hormone changes and inflammation. Noninvasive markers could one day inform personalized medicine, but interindividual variation and lack of healthy age-matched controls hamper research. Experimental models are appealing for insight into disease mechanisms. Here, we present a spatiotemporal proteomics study in a mouse model of hormone-induced urinary dysfunction. Urine samples were collected noninvasively across time: before, during, and after disease onset. A microcomputed tomography analysis implicated the prostate as a spatially relevant contributor to bladder outlet obstruction. Prostates were collected after disease onset and compared with control mice. Notable changes in urine include proteins representing oxidative stress defense and acute phase inflammatory response processes. In the prostate, hormone treatment led to perturbations related to an oxidative stress response and H2O2 metabolism. Several protein changes coincided in both urine and the prostate tissue, including glutathione peroxidase 3, glutathione hydrolase 1 proenzyme, and vitamin D-binding protein. This study supports the concept of noninvasive urinary biomarkers for prostate disease diagnostics. Oxidative stress and acute phase inflammatory processes were identified as key consequences of hormone-induced bladder outlet obstruction. Future research into antioxidants and anti-inflammatories in prostate diseases appears promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Thomas
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ling Hao
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Kellen DeLaney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Dalton McLean
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Laura Steinke
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Paul C Marker
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Chad M Vezina
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States.,George M. O'Brien Center of Research Excellence, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Lingjun Li
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States.,School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - William A Ricke
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States.,School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,George M. O'Brien Center of Research Excellence, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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33
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Turco AE, Thomas S, Crawford LK, Tang W, Peterson RE, Li L, Ricke WA, Vezina CM. In utero and lactational 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure exacerbates urinary dysfunction in hormone-treated C57BL/6J mice through a non-malignant mechanism involving proteomic changes in the prostate that differ from those elicited by testosterone and estradiol. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2020; 8:59-72. [PMID: 32211455 PMCID: PMC7076297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A recent study directed new focus on the fetal and neonatal environment as a risk factor for urinary dysfunction in aging males. Male mice were exposed in utero and via lactation (IUL) to the persistent environmental contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and then administered slow-release, subcutaneous implants of testosterone and estradiol (T+E2) as adults to mimic the hormonal environment of aging men. IUL TCDD exposure worsened T+E2-induced voiding dysfunction. Mice in the previous study were genetically prone to prostatic neoplasia and it was therefore unclear whether TCDD exacerbates voiding dysfunction through a malignant or non-malignant mechanism. We demonstrate here that IUL TCDD exposure acts via a non-malignant mechanism to exacerbate T+E2-mediated male mouse voiding dysfunction characterized by a progressive increase in spontaneous void spotting. We deployed a proteomic approach to narrow the possible mechanisms. We specifically tested whether IUL TCDD exacerbates urinary dysfunction by acting through the same prostatic signaling pathways as T+E2. The prostatic protein signature of TCDD/T+E2-exposed mice differed from that of mice exposed to T+E2 alone, indicating that the mechanism of action of TCDD differs from that of T+E2. We identified 3641 prostatic proteins in total and determined that IUL TCDD exposure significantly changed the abundance of 102 proteins linked to diverse molecular and physiological processes. We shed new light on the mechanism of IUL TCDD-mediated voiding dysfunction by demonstrating that the mechanism is independent of tumorigenesis and involves molecular pathways distinct from those affected by T+E2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Turco
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
- George M. O’Brien Center of Research Excellence, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| | - Samuel Thomas
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
- George M. O’Brien Center of Research Excellence, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| | - LaTasha K Crawford
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| | - Weiping Tang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| | - Richard E Peterson
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| | - William A Ricke
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
- George M. O’Brien Center of Research Excellence, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| | - Chad M Vezina
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
- George M. O’Brien Center of Research Excellence, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
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34
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Lee TG, Sanderson D, Doyle P, Li D, Wood RW. High-definition ultrasound characterization of acute cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis in the mouse. Investig Clin Urol 2019; 61:75-80. [PMID: 31942466 PMCID: PMC6946820 DOI: 10.4111/icu.2020.61.1.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To examine associations if any between changes in voiding function, hematuria, and bladder ultrasonography metrics in murine cyclophosphamide-induced chemical cystitis. Materials and Methods Cystitis was induced in 6 female mice by an intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (300 mg/kg). Voiding frequency, void volume, hematuria assessment, and ultrasonographic measurements of the bladder were obtained at baseline, days 1 to 5, and days 9, 11, and 13. Voiding was induced with preferred sweet drinking solution and voiding data collected using an automated data collection system in 135 minute sessions. Bladder wall thickness, lumen volume, and vascular Doppler were acquired using a high definition ultrasound system. Spearman's correlation was used to analyze the association between the voiding changes, hematuria, and ultrasound findings. Results Hematuria was present 24 hours after cyclophosphamide injection. All animals displayed increased bladder vascularity, bladder wall thickness, and void frequency that was associated with concurrent decreased total and average void volumes. Increased bladder wall vascularity was correlated with the presence of hematuria (r=0.59, p<0.01) and bladder wall thickness (r=0.79, p<0.01). Hematuria correlated with increased void frequency (r=0.34, p<0.01). Average void volume was negatively correlated with hematuria (r=−0.50, p<0.01) and frequency (r=−0.38, p<0.01). Conclusions High-definition ultrasound imaging permits in vivo monitoring of changes in bladder morphology associated with voiding function in relation to cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis. Ultrasound imaging of the bladder may assist in differential diagnosis of bladder dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toy G Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, TX, USA
| | - Derrick Sanderson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Paula Doyle
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - Ronald W Wood
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, USA
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35
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Wegner KA, Mueller BR, Unterberger CJ, Avila EJ, Ruetten H, Turco AE, Oakes SR, Girardi NM, Halberg RB, Swanson SM, Marker PC, Vezina CM. Prostate epithelial-specific expression of activated PI3K drives stromal collagen production and accumulation. J Pathol 2019; 250:231-242. [PMID: 31674011 DOI: 10.1002/path.5363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We genetically engineered expression of an activated form of P110 alpha, the catalytic subunit of PI3K, in mouse prostate epithelium to create a mouse model of direct PI3K activation (Pbsn-cre4Prb;PI3KGOF/+ ). We hypothesized that direct activation would cause rapid neoplasia and cancer progression. Pbsn-cre4Prb;PI3KGOF/+ mice developed widespread prostate intraepithelial hyperplasia, but stromal invasion was limited and overall progression was slower than anticipated. However, the model produced profound and progressive stromal remodeling prior to explicit epithelial neoplasia. Increased stromal cellularity and inflammatory infiltrate were evident as early as 4 months of age and progressively increased through 12 months of age, the terminal endpoint of this study. Prostatic collagen density and phosphorylated SMAD2-positive prostatic stromal cells were expansive and accumulated with age, consistent with pro-fibrotic TGF-β pathway activation. Few reported mouse models accumulate prostate-specific collagen to the degree observed in Pbsn-cre4Prb;PI3KGOF/+ . Our results indicate a signaling process beginning with prostatic epithelial PI3K and TGF-β signaling that drives prostatic stromal hypertrophy and collagen accumulation. These mice afford a unique opportunity to explore molecular mechanisms of prostatic collagen accumulation that is relevant to cancer progression, metastasis, inflammation and urinary dysfunction. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A Wegner
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston George M. O'Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Brett R Mueller
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston George M. O'Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christopher J Unterberger
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston George M. O'Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, WI, USA.,School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Enrique J Avila
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston George M. O'Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, WI, USA.,School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Hannah Ruetten
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anne E Turco
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston George M. O'Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Steven R Oakes
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nicholas M Girardi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Richard B Halberg
- Department of Oncology, McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Steven M Swanson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Paul C Marker
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston George M. O'Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, WI, USA.,School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Chad M Vezina
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston George M. O'Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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36
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Inhibitory effect of α 1D/1A antagonist 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-N-[3-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl) piperazinyl) propyl] acetamide on estrogen/androgen-induced rat benign prostatic hyperplasia model in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 870:172817. [PMID: 31756334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disorder of the urinary system in aging men. 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-N-[3-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl) piperazinyl) propyl] acetamide (HJZ-3), which is derived from naftopidil, exhibited 97.7- and 64.6-fold greater inhibitory effects for a1D adrenoceptor than for a1B- and a1A-adrenoceptors in vitro, respectively. To investigate the therapeutic potential for treating BPH, we evaluated the pharmacological activity of HJZ-3. Specifically, we evaluated through estrogen/androgen-induced rat benign prostatic hyperplasia model in vivo. HJZ-3 effectively prevented the progression of rat prostatic hyperplasia by suppressing the increase in prostate index and reducing the quantitative analysis of the relative acinus volume, relative stroma, epithelial volume and epithelial thickness and expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and α-smooth muscle actin. HJZ-3 decreased α1A- and α1D-adrenoceptor protein expressions in prostate tissue. HJZ-3 is a good alternative for α1A- and α1D-adrenoceptor blocker. It may relax smooth muscle tone and relieve symptoms of BPH.
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37
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Uchtmann KS, Taylor JA, Timms BG, Stahlhut RW, Ricke EA, Ellersieck MR, Vom Saal FS, Ricke WA. Fetal bisphenol A and ethinylestradiol exposure alters male rat urogenital tract morphology at birth: Confirmation of prior low-dose findings in CLARITY-BPA. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 91:131-141. [PMID: 31756437 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a contaminant in virtually all Americans. To examine BPA's adverse effects, the FDA-NCTR, NIEHS, and 14 groups of academic scientists formed a consortium: CLARITY-BPA. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effects of a wide range of doses of BPA on fetal development of the NCTR CD-SD male rat urogenital sinus (UGS). Pregnant rats were administered BPA or positive control ethinylestradiol (EE2) daily, via oral gavage, from gestational day 6 through parturition. Tissues were collected on postnatal day 1 and the UGS was analyzed using computer-assisted 3-D reconstruction. Importantly, only low doses of BPA, as well as EE2, significantly changed birth weight and UGS morphology, including an increased size of the colliculus and decreased size of the urethra, consistent with prior reported BPA and EE2 effects. Our findings provide further evidence that BPA mediates nonmonotonic developmental effects on the fetal urogenital sinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen S Uchtmann
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705 USA; George M. O'Brien Center of Research Excellence, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705 USA
| | - Julia A Taylor
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Barry G Timms
- Division of Basic Biological Sciences, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA
| | - Richard W Stahlhut
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Emily A Ricke
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705 USA; George M. O'Brien Center of Research Excellence, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705 USA
| | - Mark R Ellersieck
- Department of Statistics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | | | - William A Ricke
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705 USA; University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705 USA; Molecular & Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705 USA; George M. O'Brien Center of Research Excellence, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705 USA.
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38
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Cunha GR, Sinclair A, Ricke WA, Robboy SJ, Cao M, Baskin LS. Reproductive tract biology: Of mice and men. Differentiation 2019; 110:49-63. [PMID: 31622789 PMCID: PMC7339118 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The study of male and female reproductive tract development requires expertise in two separate disciplines, developmental biology and endocrinology. For ease of experimentation and economy, the mouse has been used extensively as a model for human development and pathogenesis, and for the most part similarities in developmental processes and hormone action provide ample justification for the relevance of mouse models for human reproductive tract development. Indeed, there are many examples describing the phenotype of human genetic disorders that have a reasonably comparable phenotype in mice, attesting to the congruence between mouse and human development. However, anatomic, developmental and endocrinologic differences exist between mice and humans that (1) must be appreciated and (2) considered with caution when extrapolating information between all animal models and humans. It is critical that the investigator be aware of both the similarities and differences in organogenesis and hormone action within male and female reproductive tracts so as to focus on those features of mouse models with clear relevance to human development/pathology. This review, written by a team with extensive expertise in the anatomy, developmental biology and endocrinology of both mouse and human urogenital tracts, focusses upon the significant human/mouse differences, and when appropriate voices a cautionary note regarding extrapolation of mouse models for understanding development of human male and female reproductive tracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald R Cunha
- Department of Urology, University of California, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA; George M. O'Brien Center of Research Excellence, Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 93705, USA; Department of Pathology, Duke University, Davison Building, Box 3712, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Adriane Sinclair
- Department of Urology, University of California, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Will A Ricke
- George M. O'Brien Center of Research Excellence, Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 93705, USA
| | - Stanley J Robboy
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Davison Building, Box 3712, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Mei Cao
- Department of Urology, University of California, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Laurence S Baskin
- Department of Urology, University of California, 400 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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39
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Liu TT, Rodgers AC, Nicholson TM, Macoska JA, Marker PC, Vezina CM, Bjorling DE, Roldan-Alzate A, Hernando D, Lloyd GL, Hacker TA, Ricke WA. Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing. J Vis Exp 2019:10.3791/59802. [PMID: 31475976 PMCID: PMC7328372 DOI: 10.3791/59802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) is increasing due to the aging population, resulting in a significant economic and quality of life burden. Transgenic and other mouse models have been developed to recreate various aspects of this multifactorial disease; however, methods to accurately quantitate urinary dysfunction and the effectiveness of new therapeutic options are lacking. Here, we describe a method that can be used to measure bladder volume and detrusor wall thickness, urinary velocity, void volume and void duration, and urethral diameter. This would allow for the evaluation of disease progression and treatment efficacy over time. Mice were anesthetized with isoflurane, and the bladder was visualized by ultrasound. For non-contrast imaging, a 3D image was taken of the bladder to calculate volume and evaluate shape; the bladder wall thickness was measured from this image. For contrast-enhanced imaging, a catheter was placed through the dome of the bladder using a 27-gauge needle connected to a syringe by PE50 tubing. A bolus of 0.5 mL of contrast was infused into the bladder until a urination event occurred. Urethral diameter was determined at the point of the Doppler velocity sample window during the first voiding event. Velocity was measured for each subsequent event yielding a flow rate. In conclusion, high frequency ultrasound proved to be an effective method for assessing bladder and urethral measurements during urinary function in mice. This technique may be useful in the assessment of novel therapies for BPH/LUTS in an experimental setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa T Liu
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-Madison; K12 Kure, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Allison C Rodgers
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | | | - Jill A Macoska
- University of Massachusetts Boston; U54 George M. O'Brien Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Paul C Marker
- U54 George M. O'Brien Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison; College of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Chad M Vezina
- U54 George M. O'Brien Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison; School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Dale E Bjorling
- U54 George M. O'Brien Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison; School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Alejandro Roldan-Alzate
- K12 Kure, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Diego Hernando
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | | | - Timothy A Hacker
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - William A Ricke
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-Madison; U54 George M. O'Brien Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison;
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40
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Ruetten H, Wegner KA, Zhang HL, Wang P, Sandhu J, Sandhu S, Mueller B, Wang Z, Macoska J, Peterson RE, Bjorling DE, Ricke WA, Marker PC, Vezina CM. Impact of sex, androgens, and prostate size on C57BL/6J mouse urinary physiology: functional assessment. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F996-F1009. [PMID: 31390231 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00270.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory mice are used to identify causes of urinary dysfunction including prostate-related mechanisms of lower urinary tract symptoms. Effective use of mice for this purpose requires a clear understanding of molecular, cellular, anatomic, and endocrine contributions to voiding function. Whether the prostate influences baseline voiding function has not been specifically evaluated, in part because most methods that alter prostate mass also change circulating testosterone concentrations. We performed void spot assay and cystometry to establish a multiparameter "baseline" of voiding function in intact male and female 9-wk-old (adult) C57BL/6J mice. We then compared voiding function in intact male mice to that of castrated male mice, male (and female) mice treated with the steroid 5α-reductase inhibitor finasteride, or male mice harboring alleles (Pbsn4cre/+; R26RDta/+) that significantly reduce prostate lobe mass by depleting prostatic luminal epithelial cells. We evaluated aging-related changes in male urinary voiding. We also treated intact male, castrate male, and female mice with exogenous testosterone to determine the influence of androgen on voiding function. The three methods used to reduce prostate mass (castration, finasteride, and Pbsn4cre/+; R26RDta/+) changed voiding function from baseline but in a nonuniform manner. Castration feminized some aspects of male urinary physiology (making them more like intact female mice) while exogenous testosterone masculinized some aspects of female urinary physiology (making them more like intact male mice). Our results provide evidence that circulating testosterone is responsible in part for baseline sex differences in C57BL/6J mouse voiding function while prostate lobe mass in young, healthy adult mice has a lesser influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Ruetten
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston George M. O'Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, Wisconsin, and Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kyle A Wegner
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston George M. O'Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, Wisconsin, and Boston, Massachusetts.,Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Helen L Zhang
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston George M. O'Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, Wisconsin, and Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peiqing Wang
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston George M. O'Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, Wisconsin, and Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jaskiran Sandhu
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston George M. O'Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, Wisconsin, and Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Simran Sandhu
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston George M. O'Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, Wisconsin, and Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brett Mueller
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston George M. O'Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, Wisconsin, and Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zunyi Wang
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston George M. O'Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, Wisconsin, and Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jill Macoska
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston George M. O'Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, Wisconsin, and Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richard E Peterson
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Dale E Bjorling
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston George M. O'Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, Wisconsin, and Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - William A Ricke
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston George M. O'Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, Wisconsin, and Boston, Massachusetts.,Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Paul C Marker
- University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston George M. O'Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, Wisconsin, and Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chad M Vezina
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.,University of Wisconsin-Madison/UMASS Boston George M. O'Brien Center for Benign Urologic Research, Madison, Wisconsin, and Boston, Massachusetts.,Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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41
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Dalghi MG, Clayton DR, Ruiz WG, Al-Bataineh MM, Satlin LM, Kleyman TR, Ricke WA, Carattino MD, Apodaca G. Expression and distribution of PIEZO1 in the mouse urinary tract. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F303-F321. [PMID: 31166705 PMCID: PMC6732449 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00214.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The proper function of the organs that make up the urinary tract (kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra) depends on their ability to sense and respond to mechanical forces, including shear stress and wall tension. However, we have limited understanding of the mechanosensors that function in these organs and the tissue sites in which these molecules are expressed. Possible candidates include stretch-activated PIEZO channels (PIEZO1 and PIEZO2), which have been implicated in mechanically regulated body functions including touch sensation, proprioception, lung inflation, and blood pressure regulation. Using reporter mice expressing a COOH-terminal fusion of Piezo1 with the sequence for the tandem-dimer Tomato gene, we found that PIEZO1 is expressed in the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra as well as organs in close proximity, including the prostate, seminal vesicles and ducts, ejaculatory ducts, and the vagina. We further found that PIEZO1 expression is not limited to one cell type; it is observed in the endothelial and parietal cells of the renal corpuscle, the basolateral surfaces of many of the epithelial cells that line the urinary tract, the interstitial cells of the bladder and ureters, and populations of smooth and striated muscle cells. We propose that in the urinary tract, PIEZO1 likely functions as a mechanosensor that triggers responses to wall tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianela G Dalghi
- Department of Medicine and George M. O'Brien Pittsburgh Center for Kidney Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dennis R Clayton
- Department of Medicine and George M. O'Brien Pittsburgh Center for Kidney Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wily G Ruiz
- Department of Medicine and George M. O'Brien Pittsburgh Center for Kidney Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mohammad M Al-Bataineh
- Department of Medicine and George M. O'Brien Pittsburgh Center for Kidney Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lisa M Satlin
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, New York
| | - Thomas R Kleyman
- Department of Medicine and George M. O'Brien Pittsburgh Center for Kidney Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Chemical Biology and Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - William A Ricke
- Department of Urology and George M. O'Brien Center for Research Excellence, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Marcelo D Carattino
- Department of Medicine and George M. O'Brien Pittsburgh Center for Kidney Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Gerard Apodaca
- Department of Medicine and George M. O'Brien Pittsburgh Center for Kidney Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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42
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Wang Z, Guzman EC, Nimunkar A, Keil KP, Vezina CM, Ricke WA, Macoska J, Bjorling DE. Void sorcerer: an open source, open access framework for mouse uroflowmetry. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2019; 7:170-177. [PMID: 31317056 PMCID: PMC6627548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Observational and experimental studies of rodent voiding behaviors have greatly contributed to our understanding of lower urinary tract function including the complex social, environmental, and internal stimuli that affect voiding in health and models of disease. Void spot assays (VSA), cystometry (awake or anesthetized), and uroflowmetry are techniques commonly used in rodent models to assess voiding. Uroflowmetry is non-invasive and can be performed multiple times in the same freely moving animals and can be used to generate synchronized video corresponding to each void to characterize micturition patterns (e.g., droplets versus solid stream). However, approaches to evaluate uroflowmetry in rodent models vary widely across laboratories. Most importantly, an open access software to run these tests is not freely available (although complete systems are commercially available), limiting use of this important assay. We developed the Void Sorcerer, an uroflowmetry system for mice for reliable determination of frequency, voided volume, voiding duration, interval times between micturitions, and flow rate. This report provides a detailed description of how to build this system and includes open access software for developing uroflowmetry capability in their laboratories and improve upon it in a cost-effective manner. Our goals are to improve access, increase reproducibility among laboratories, and facilitate standardizing testing procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunyi Wang
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| | - Emmanuel Contreras Guzman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| | - Amit Nimunkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| | - Kimberly P Keil
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-DavisDavis, CA, USA
| | - Chad M Vezina
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| | - William A Ricke
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
| | - Jill Macoska
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts-BostonBoston, MA, USA
| | - Dale E Bjorling
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI, USA
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43
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McLean DT, Rutkowski DR, Liu T, Hernando D, Ricke WA, Roldán-Alzate A. MRI-based method for lower urinary tract dysfunction in adult male mice. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2019; 7:153-158. [PMID: 31317054 PMCID: PMC6627546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) develops in the majority of men as they age. As a result, lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) often develop, which significantly decrease quality of life. One model of studying BPH/LUTS in mice is to use a hormone-induced model of lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD), but current methods for studying endpoints require multiple analysis techniques that contribute to an overall lengthy process. However, developments in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have opened the door for more accurate and time efficient methods. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the capabilities of MRI for the analysis of LUTD in mice. To do this, whole and partial urogenital tracts were extracted from mice and imaged on a 9.4 Tesla MRI system. Additionally, a device was designed and fabricated to aid in the imaging of up to 100 mouse urogenital tracts in a single imaging session. Images were processed for both qualitative representation of MRI resolution capabilities and quantitative measurements of urogenital tract components. Even the smallest anatomical structures of the urogenital tracts were resolved and quantified, including the ureters, urethra, ductus deferens, and fine nodules and textures on the seminal vesicles, bladder, and prostatic lobes. The visual representations and urogenital component quantifications demonstrated in this study may be of value in lesion detection, diagnosis, and LUTS symptom progression tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalton T McLean
- Urology, University of WisconsinMadison, WI, USA
- Cancer Biology, University of WisconsinMadison, WI, USA
| | - David R Rutkowski
- Mechanical Engineering, University of WisconsinMadison, WI, USA
- Radiology, University of WisconsinMadison, WI, USA
| | - Teresa Liu
- Urology, University of WisconsinMadison, WI, USA
- George M. O’Brien Center of Research Excellence, University of WisconsinMadison, WI, USA
| | - Diego Hernando
- Radiology, University of WisconsinMadison, WI, USA
- George M. O’Brien Center of Research Excellence, University of WisconsinMadison, WI, USA
- Medical Physics, University of WisconsinMadison, WI, USA
| | - William A Ricke
- Urology, University of WisconsinMadison, WI, USA
- George M. O’Brien Center of Research Excellence, University of WisconsinMadison, WI, USA
| | - Alejandro Roldán-Alzate
- Mechanical Engineering, University of WisconsinMadison, WI, USA
- Radiology, University of WisconsinMadison, WI, USA
- George M. O’Brien Center of Research Excellence, University of WisconsinMadison, WI, USA
- Biomedcial Engineering, University of WisconsinMadison, WI, USA
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44
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Aaron-Brooks LM, Sasaki T, Vickman RE, Wei L, Franco OE, Ji Y, Crawford SE, Hayward SW. Hyperglycemia and T Cell infiltration are associated with stromal and epithelial prostatic hyperplasia in the nonobese diabetic mouse. Prostate 2019; 79:980-993. [PMID: 30999385 PMCID: PMC6591734 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostatic inflammation and various proinflammatory systemic comorbidities, such as diabetes and obesity are associated with human benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). There is a paucity of in vivo models reflecting specific aspects of BPH pathogenesis. Our aim was to investigate the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse as a potential model for subsequent intervention studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used the NOD mouse, a model of autoimmune inflammation leading to type 1 diabetes to examine the effects of systemic inflammation and diabetes on the prostate. We assessed changes in prostatic histology, infiltrating leukocytes, and gene expression associated with aging and diabetic status. RESULTS Both stromal expansion and epithelial hyperplasia were observed in the prostates. Regardless of diabetic status, the degree of prostatic hyperplasia varied. Local inflammation was associated with a more severe prostatic phenotype in both diabetic and nondiabetic mice. Testicular atrophy was noted in diabetic mice, but prostate glands showed persistent focal cell proliferation. In addition, a prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN)-like phenotype was seen in several diabetic animals with an associated increase in c-Myc and MMP-2 expression. To examine changes in gene and cytokine expression we performed microarray and cytokine array analysis comparing the prostates of diabetic and nondiabetic animals. Microarray analysis revealed several differentially expressed genes including CCL3, CCL12, and TNFS10. Cytokine array analysis revealed increased expression of cytokines and proteases such as LDLR, IL28 A/B, and MMP-2 in diabetic mice. CONCLUSION Overall, NOD mice provide a model to examine the effects of hyperglycemia and chronic inflammation on the prostate, demonstrating relevance to some of the mechanisms present underlying BPH and potentially the initiation of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- LaTayia M. Aaron-Brooks
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Takeshi Sasaki
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Renee E. Vickman
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Lin Wei
- Program of Computational Genomics & Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL
| | - Omar E. Franco
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Yuan Ji
- Program of Computational Genomics & Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL
| | - Susan E. Crawford
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Simon W. Hayward
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
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45
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Middleton LW, Shen Z, Varma S, Pollack AS, Gong X, Zhu S, Zhu C, Foley JW, Vennam S, Sweeney RT, Tu K, Biscocho J, Eminaga O, Nolley R, Tibshirani R, Brooks JD, West RB, Pollack JR. Genomic analysis of benign prostatic hyperplasia implicates cellular re-landscaping in disease pathogenesis. JCI Insight 2019; 5:129749. [PMID: 31094703 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.129749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms in men. Current treatments target prostate physiology rather than BPH pathophysiology and are only partially effective. Here, we applied next-generation sequencing to gain new insight into BPH. By RNAseq, we uncovered transcriptional heterogeneity among BPH cases, where a 65-gene BPH stromal signature correlated with symptom severity. Stromal signaling molecules BMP5 and CXCL13 were enriched in BPH while estrogen regulated pathways were depleted. Notably, BMP5 addition to cultured prostatic myofibroblasts altered their expression profile towards a BPH profile that included the BPH stromal signature. RNAseq also suggested an altered cellular milieu in BPH, which we verified by immunohistochemistry and single-cell RNAseq. In particular, BPH tissues exhibited enrichment of myofibroblast subsets, whilst depletion of neuroendocrine cells and an estrogen receptor (ESR1)-positive fibroblast cell type residing near epithelium. By whole-exome sequencing, we uncovered somatic single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in BPH, of uncertain pathogenic significance but indicative of clonal cell expansions. Thus, genomic characterization of BPH has identified a clinically-relevant stromal signature and new candidate disease pathways (including a likely role for BMP5 signaling), and reveals BPH to be not merely a hyperplasia, but rather a fundamental re-landscaping of cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xue Gong
- Department of Pathology.,Department of Urology
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert Tibshirani
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, and.,Department of Statistics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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46
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Liu TT, Thomas S, Mclean DT, Roldan-Alzate A, Hernando D, Ricke EA, Ricke WA. Prostate enlargement and altered urinary function are part of the aging process. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:2653-2669. [PMID: 31085797 PMCID: PMC6535061 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prostate disease incidence, both benign and malignant, directly correlates with age. Men under 40 years of age are rarely diagnosed with benign or malignant prostate disease, while 90% of men over the age of 80 have histological evidence of benign disease (benign prostatic hyperplasia; BPH). Although rodent models have been invaluable in the study of disease progression and treatment efficacy, the effect of age is often not considered. In examining aged (24-month-old) mice, we observed changes within the lower urinary tract that is typically associated with lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) similar to models of BPH. In this study, we identify LUTD using functional testing as well as various imaging technologies. We also characterize the histological differences within the lower urinary tract between young (2-month-old) and aged mice including proliferation, stromal remodeling, and collagen deposition. Additionally, we examined serum steroid hormone levels, as steroid changes drive LUTD in mice and are known to change with age. We conclude that, with age, changes in prostate function, consistent with LUTD, are a consequence. Therapeutic targeting of endocrine and prostatic factors including smooth muscle function, prostate growth and fibrosis are likely to reestablish normal urinary function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa T. Liu
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- K12 Kure, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Samuel Thomas
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Dalton T. Mclean
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Cancer Biology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Alejandro Roldan-Alzate
- K12 Kure, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Diego Hernando
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Emily A. Ricke
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - William A. Ricke
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- George M. O’Brien Center of Research Excellence, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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47
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Macoska JA, Wang Z, Virta J, Zacharias N, Bjorling DE. Inhibition of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis prevents periurethral collagen accumulation and lower urinary tract dysfunction in vivo. Prostate 2019; 79:757-767. [PMID: 30811623 PMCID: PMC7269149 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies show that prostatic fibrosis is associated with male lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD). Development of fibrosis is typically attributed to signaling through the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) pathway, but our laboratory has demonstrated that in vitro treatment of human prostatic fibroblasts with the C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) chemokine stimulates myofibroblast phenoconversion and that CXCL12 has the capacity to activate profibrotic pathways in these cells in a TGF-β-independent manner. We have previously reported that feeding mice high-fat diet (HFD) results in obesity, type II diabetes, increased prostatic fibrosis, and urinary voiding dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that in vivo blockade of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis would inhibit the development of fibrosis-mediated LUTD in HFD-fed mice. METHODS Two-month-old male senescence-accelerated mouse prone-6 mice were fed either a HFD or low-fat diet (LFD) for 8 months. Half of each dietary group were given constant access to normal water or water that contained the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4; CXCL12 receptor) antagonist CXCR4AIII. At the conclusion of the study, mice were weighed, subjected to oral glucose tolerance testing and cystometry, and lower urinary tract tissues collected and assessed for collagen content. RESULTS HFD-fed mice became significantly obese, insulin resistant, and hyperglycemic, consistent with acquisition of metabolic syndrome, compared with LFD-fed mice. Anesthetized cystometry demonstrated that HFD-fed mice experienced significantly longer intercontractile intervals and greater functional bladder capacity than LFD-fed mice. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated high levels of CXCR4 and CXCR7 staining in mouse prostate epithelial and stromal cells. Picrosirius red staining indicated significantly greater periurethral collagen deposition in the prostates of HFD than LFD-fed mice. Treatment with the CXCR4 antagonist CXCR4AIII did not affect acquisition of metabolic syndrome but did reduce both urinary voiding dysfunction and periurethral prostate collagen accumulation. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to report that obesity-induced lower urinary tract fibrosis and voiding dysfunction can be repressed by antagonizing the activity of the CXCR4 chemokine receptor in vivo. These data suggest that targeting the CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling pathway may be a clinical option for the prevention or treatment of human male LUTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill A. Macoska
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Urology, George M. O’Brien Center for Urologic Research, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Zunyi Wang
- Department of Urology, George M. O’Brien Center for Urologic Research, Madison, Wisconsin
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Johanna Virta
- Department of Urology, George M. O’Brien Center for Urologic Research, Madison, Wisconsin
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Nicholas Zacharias
- Department of Urology, George M. O’Brien Center for Urologic Research, Madison, Wisconsin
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Dale E. Bjorling
- Department of Urology, George M. O’Brien Center for Urologic Research, Madison, Wisconsin
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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Fujii S, Yamashita S, Hayashi N, Goto T, Koyama J, Sato T, Shimada S, Kawasaki Y, Izumi H, Kawamorita N, Mitsuzuka K, Ito A, Arai Y. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor attenuates chronic ischemia-induced prostatic hyperplasia in a rat model. Prostate 2019; 79:536-543. [PMID: 30593704 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many elderly men suffer from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Recently, chronic ischemia in the prostate has been suggested to be related to BPH. Thus, the impact of chronic ischemia on the development of prostatic hyperplasia and the efficacy of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor for hyperplasia were evaluated in a rat model with chronic ischemia induced by local atherosclerosis. METHODS Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: sham operation, regular diet, placebo (SRP); arterial endothelial injury, high cholesterol diet, placebo (AHP); or arterial endothelial injury, high cholesterol diet, and tadalafil as a PDE5 inhibitor (AHT). The endothelial injury in the common iliac arteries was performed using a 2-Fr Fogarty arterial embolectomy catheter through an incision in the femoral artery into the common iliac artery. Diet and oral drugs were administrated for 8 weeks after surgery. At 8 weeks, blood flow to the ventral prostate (VP) was measured using laser speckle blood flow analysis, and the VP was histologically evaluated. RESULTS In the AHP group, prostatic blood flow was reduced, and mean VP weight and the interstitial area were significantly enlarged compared with the SRP group. In the AHT group, tadalafil administration obviously ameliorated the reduction of prostatic blood flow relative to the AHP group. Importantly, mean VP weight and the morphological changes in the AHT group were significantly smaller than those in the AHP group. CONCLUSIONS Enlargement of the VP resulted from chronic ischemia induced by local arteriosclerosis. Also, administration of tadalafil attenuated VP enlargement. Chronic ischemia in the prostate might thus contribute to the development of BPH, and PDE5 inhibitors might provide an innovative approach to preventing BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Fujii
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yamashita
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Natsuho Hayashi
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takuro Goto
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Juntaro Koyama
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takuma Sato
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shuichi Shimada
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Kawasaki
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideaki Izumi
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoki Kawamorita
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Koji Mitsuzuka
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ito
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoichi Arai
- Department of Urology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Pigat N, Reyes-Gomez E, Boutillon F, Palea S, Barry Delongchamps N, Koch E, Goffin V. Combined Sabal and Urtica Extracts (WS ® 1541) Exert Anti-proliferative and Anti-inflammatory Effects in a Mouse Model of Benign Prostate Hyperplasia. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:311. [PMID: 30984003 PMCID: PMC6450068 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
WS® 1541 is a phytopharmaceutical drug combination containing a lipophilic extract from fruits of Sabal serrulata (WS® 1473) and an aqueous ethanolic extract from roots of Urtica dioica (WS® 1031). It is approved in several countries worldwide for the treatment of lower urinary tract syndrome (LUTS) linked to benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of this unique combination in the treatment of BPH-related LUTS. However, its mechanisms of action in vivo remain partly uncharacterized. The aim of this study was to take advantage of a validated mouse model of BPH to better characterize its growth-inhibitory and anti-inflammatory properties. We used the probasin–prolactin (Pb-PRL) transgenic mouse model in which prostate-specific overexpression of PRL results in several features of the human disease including tissue hypertrophy, epithelial hyperplasia, increased stromal cellularity, inflammation, and LUTS. Six-month-old heterozygous Pb-PRL male mice were randomly distributed to five groups (11–12 animals/group) orally treated for 28 consecutive days with WS® 1541 (300, 600, or 900 mg/kg/day), the 5α-reductase inhibitor finasteride used as reference (5 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (olive oil 5 ml/kg/day). Administration of WS® 1541 was well tolerated and caused a dose-dependent reduction of prostate weight (vs. vehicle) that was statistically significant at the two highest doses. This effect was accompanied by a reduction in prostate cell proliferation as assessed by lower Ki-67 expression (qPCR and immunohistochemistry). In contrast, finasteride had no or only a mild effect on these parameters. The growth-inhibitory activity of WS® 1541 was accompanied by a strong anti-inflammatory effect as evidenced by the reduced infiltration of cells expressing the leukocyte common antigen CD45. In sharp contrast, finasteride significantly increased the prostate inflammatory status according to this readout. Molecular profiling (qPCR) of 23 selected pro-inflammatory genes confirmed the strong anti-inflammatory potency of WS® 1541 compared to finasteride. Since treatment of WS® 1541 did not interfere with transgene expression and activity in the prostate of Pb-PRL mice, the effects observed in this study are entirely attributable to the intrinsic pharmacological action of the drug combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Pigat
- PRL/GH Pathophysiology Laboratory, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Unit 1151, Inserm, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Edouard Reyes-Gomez
- Unité d'Histologie et d'Anatomie Pathologique, Laboratoire d'Anatomo-Cytopathologie, Biopôle Alfort, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France.,Inserm, U955 - IMRB, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UPEC, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Florence Boutillon
- PRL/GH Pathophysiology Laboratory, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Unit 1151, Inserm, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | - Nicolas Barry Delongchamps
- PRL/GH Pathophysiology Laboratory, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Unit 1151, Inserm, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Urology Department, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Egon Koch
- Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH & Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Vincent Goffin
- PRL/GH Pathophysiology Laboratory, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Unit 1151, Inserm, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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50
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Konkol Y, Vuorikoski H, Streng T, Tuomela J, Bernoulli J. Characterization a model of prostatic diseases and obstructive voiding induced by sex hormone imbalance in the Wistar and Noble rats. Transl Androl Urol 2019; 8:S45-S57. [PMID: 31143671 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2019.02.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic nonbacterial prostatitis associated with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) is a prevalent condition in men. One potential pathophysiological factor is change in sex hormone, testosterone and estrogen, balance. Inflammation, cancer and obstructive voiding has been induced in the Noble rat strain by altering levels of sex hormones. We evaluated if imbalance of sex hormones could induce comparable diseases also in a less estrogen sensitive Wistar strain rats. Methods Subcutaneous testosterone (830 µg/day) and 17β-estradiol (83 µg/day) hormone pellets were used in male Wistar and Noble strain rats to induce prostatic diseases. The rats were followed for 13 and 18 weeks. Urodynamical measurements were performed at the end of the study under anesthesia. Prostates were collected for further histological analysis. A panel of cytokines were measured from collected serum samples. Results Noble rats exhibited stromal and glandular inflammation after 13 weeks that progressed into more severe forms after 18 weeks of hormonal treatment. CD68-positive macrophages were observed in the stromal areas and inside the inflamed acini. CD163-positive macrophages were present in the stromal compartment but absent inside inflammatory foci or prostate acini. Thirteen-week hormonal treatment in Noble rats induced obstructive voiding, which progressed to urinary retention after 18-weeks treatment. In the Wistar rats 18-week treatment was comparable to the 13-week-treated Noble rats judged by progression of prostatic inflammation, being also evident for obstructive voiding. Incidence of PIN-like lesions and carcinomas in the periurethal area in Noble rats were high (100%) but lower (57%) and with smaller lesions in Wistar rats. Serum cytokines leptin, CCL5, and VEGF concentrations showed a decrease in the hormone-treated rats compared to placebo-treated rats. Conclusions Prostate inflammation and obstructive voiding developed also in the Wistar rats but more slowly than in Noble rats. Male non-castrated Wistar strain rats may thus be suitable to use in studies of pathophysiology and hormone-dependent prostate inflammation and obstructive voiding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Konkol
- Cancer Research Laboratory, FICAN West, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Pharmatest Services Ltd., Turku, Finland
| | | | - Tomi Streng
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Animal Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Tuomela
- Cancer Research Laboratory, FICAN West, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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