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Kim DH. Endoplasmic reticulum stress induces hepatic steatosis through interaction between PPARα and FoxO6 in vivo and in vitro. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:1267-1284. [PMID: 39198274 PMCID: PMC11416408 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02480-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a major cause of hepatic steatosis through increasing de novo lipogenesis. Forkhead box O6 (FoxO6) is a transcription factor mediating insulin signaling to glucose and lipid metabolism. Therefore, dysregulated FoxO6 is involved in hepatic lipogenesis. This study elucidated the role of FoxO6 in ER stress-induced hepatic steatosis in vivo and in vitro. Hepatic ER stress responses and β-oxidation were monitored in mice overexpressed with constitutively active FoxO6 allele and FoxO6-null mice. For the in vitro study, liver cells overexpressing constitutively active FoxO6 and FoxO6-siRNA were treated with high glucose, and lipid metabolism alterations were measured. ER stress-induced FoxO6 activation suppressed hepatic β-oxidation in vivo. The expression and transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) were significantly decreased in the constitutively active FoxO6 allele. Otherwise, inhibiting β-oxidation genes were reduced in the FoxO6-siRNA and FoxO6-KO mice. Our data showed that the FoxO6-induced hepatic lipid accumulation was negatively regulated by insulin signaling. High glucose treatment as a hyperglycemia condition caused the expression of ER stress-inducible genes, which was deteriorated by FoxO6 activation in liver cells. However, high glucose-mediated ER stress suppressed β-oxidation gene expression through interactions between PPARα and FoxO6 corresponding to findings in the in vivo study-lipid catabolism is also regulated by FoxO6. Furthermore, insulin resistance suppressed b-oxidation through the interaction between FoxO6 and PPARα promotes hepatic steatosis, which, due to hyperglycemia-induced ER stress, impairs insulin signaling. KEY MESSAGES: Our original aims were to delineate the interrelation between the regulation of PPARα and the transcription factor FoxO6 pathway in relation to lipid metabolism at molecular levels. Evidence on high glucose promoted FoxO6 activation induced lipid accumulation in liver cells. The effect of PPARα activation of the insulin signaling. FoxO6 plays a pivotal role in hepatic lipid accumulation through inactivation of PPARα in FoxO6-overexpression mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hyun Kim
- Department of Food Science & Technology, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang-Si, Gyeongsangnam-Do, 50463, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Park MH, Kim DH. Betaine Suppresses Lipid Accumulation in Liver: Inhibition of FoxO6 and PPARγ Interaction. J Med Food 2024. [PMID: 39263959 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2024.k.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Betaine is the major water-soluble component of Lycium chinensis. Although there are reports of a protective effect of betaine on fatty liver disease, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We attempted to elucidate the molecular regulation of betaine on hyperglycemia-induced hepatic lipid accumulation via Forkhead box O (FoxO)6 activation. HepG2 cells and liver tissue isolated from db/db mice treated with betaine were used. The present study investigated whether betaine ameliorates hepatic steatosis by inhibiting FoxO6/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) signaling in liver cells. Interestingly, betaine notably decreased lipid accumulation in tissues with FoxO6-induced mRNA expression of lipogenesis-related genes. Furthermore, betaine inhibited the FoxO6 interaction with PPARγ and cellular triglycerides in high-glucose- or FoxO6-overexpression-treated liver cells. In addition, we confirmed that betaine administration via oral gavage significantly ameliorated hepatic steatosis in db/db mice. We conclude that betaine ameliorates hepatic steatosis, at least in part, by inhibiting the interaction between FoxO6 and PPARγ, thereby suppressing lipogenic gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hi Park
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Kim
- Department of Food Science & Technology, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
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Niu X, Zhang Y, Lai Z, Huang X, Guo L, Lu F, Yuan Y, Gao J, Chang Q. Lipolysis inhibition improves the survival of fat grafts through ameliorating lipotoxicity and inflammation. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23520. [PMID: 38430369 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302090r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Fat grafting is a promising technique for correcting soft tissue abnormalities, but oil cyst formation and graft fibrosis frequently impede the therapeutic benefit of fat grafting. The lipolysis of released oil droplets after grafting may make the inflammation and fibrosis in the grafts worse; therefore, by regulating adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) via Atglistatin (ATG) and Forskolin (FSK), we investigated the impact of lipolysis on fat grafts in this study. After being removed from the mice and chopped into small pieces, the subcutaneous fat from wild-type C57BL/6J mice was placed in three different solutions for two hours: serum-free cell culture medium, culture medium+FSK (50 μM), and culture medium+ATG (100 μM). Following centrifugation to remove water and free oil droplets, 0.3 mL of the fat particles per mouse was subcutaneously injected into the back of mice. Additionally, the subcutaneous fat grafting area was immediately injected with PBS (control group), ATG (30 mg/kg), and FSK (15 mg/kg) following fat transplantation. Detailed cellular events after grafting were investigated by histological staining, real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescent staining, and quantification. Two weeks after grafting, grafts treated with ATG showed lower expression of ATGL and decreased mRNA levels of TNFα and IL-6. In contrast, grafts treated with ATG showed elevated expression levels of IL-4 and IL-13 compared to the control grafts. In addition, fewer apoptotic cells and oil cysts were observed in ATG grafts. Meanwhile, a higher CD206+/CD68+ ratio of macrophages and more CD31+ vascular endothelial cells existed in the 2-month ATG grafts. In comparison to the control, ATG treatment improved the volume retention of grafts, and decreased graft fibrosis and oil cyst formation. By preventing oil droplet lipolysis, pharmacological suppression of ATGL shielded adipocytes from lipotoxicity following grafting. Additionally, ATG ameliorated the apoptosis and inflammation brought on by adipocyte death and oil droplet lipolysis in grafted fat. These all indicate that lipolysis inhibition improved transplanted fat survival and decreased the development of oil cysts and graft fibrosis, offering a potential postoperative pharmacological intervention for bettering fat grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingtang Niu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuhao Lai
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqi Huang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingling Guo
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, The Central Hospital Affiliated of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianhua Gao
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiang Chang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Kim DH, Lee S, Noh SG, Lee J, Chung HY. FoxO6-mediated ApoC3 upregulation promotes hepatic steatosis and hyperlipidemia in aged rats fed a high-fat diet. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:4095-4115. [PMID: 38441531 PMCID: PMC10968681 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
FoxO6, an identified factor, induces hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis during aging by activating hepatic lipoprotein secretion and lipogenesis leading to increased ApoC3 concentrations in the bloodstream. However, the intricate mechanisms underlying hepatic steatosis induced by elevated FoxO6 under hyperglycemic conditions remain intricate and require further elucidation. In order to delineate the regulatory pathway involving ApoC3 controlled by FoxO6 and its resultant functional impacts, we employed a spectrum of models including liver cell cultures, aged rats subjected to HFD, transgenic mice overexpressing FoxO6 (FoxO6-Tg), and FoxO6 knockout mice (FoxO6-KO). Our findings indicate that FoxO6 triggered ApoC3-driven lipid accumulation in the livers of aged rats on an HFD and in FoxO6-Tg, consequently leading to hepatic steatosis and hyperglycemia. Conversely, the absence of FoxO6 attenuated the expression of genes involved in lipogenesis, resulting in diminished hepatic lipid accumulation and mitigated hyperlipidemia in murine models. Additionally, the upregulation of FoxO6 due to elevated glucose levels led to increased ApoC3 expression, consequently instigating cellular triglyceride mediated lipid accumulation. The transcriptional activation of FoxO6 induced by both the HFD and high glucose levels resulted in hepatic steatosis by upregulating ApoC3 and genes associated with gluconeogenesis in aged rats and liver cell cultures. Our conclusions indicate that the upregulation of ApoC3 by FoxO6 promotes the development of hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hepatic steatosis in vivo, and in vitro. Taken together, our findings underscore the significance of FoxO6 in driving hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis specifically under hyperglycemic states by enhancing the expression of ApoC3 in aged rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hyun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulah Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gyun Noh
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Kim ME, Lee JS, Kim TW, Park MH, Kim DH. FoxO6-Mediated TXNIP Induces Lipid Accumulation in the Liver through NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2024; 39:127-139. [PMID: 38417829 PMCID: PMC10901662 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2023.1826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND Hepatic steatosis, which involves the excessive accumulation of lipid droplets in hepatocytes, presents a significant global health concern due to its association with obesity and metabolic disorders. Inflammation plays a crucial role in the progression of hepatic steatosis; however, the precise molecular mechanisms responsible for this process remain unknown. METHODS This study investigated the involvement of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and the forkhead box O6 (FoxO6) transcription factor in the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis. We monitored the NLRP3 inflammasome and lipogenesis in mice overexpressing the constitutively active (CA)-FoxO6 allele and FoxO6-null mice. In an in vitro study, we administered palmitate to liver cells overexpressing CA-FoxO6 and measured changes in lipid metabolism. RESULTS We administered palmitate treatment to clarify the mechanisms through which FoxO6 activates cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β through the NLRP3 inflammasome. The initial experiments revealed that dephosphorylation led to palmitate-induced FoxO6 transcriptional activity. Further palmitate experiments showed increased expression of IL-1β and the hepatic NLRP3 inflammasome complex, including adaptor protein apoptotic speck protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) and pro-caspase-1. Furthermore, thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), a key regulator of cellular redox conditions upstream of the NLRP3 inflammasome, was induced by FoxO6 in the liver and HepG2 cells. CONCLUSION The findings of this study shed light on the molecular mechanisms underpinning the FoxO6-NLRP3 inflammasome axis in promoting inflammation and lipid accumulation in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Eun Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Chosun University College of Natural Science, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jun Sik Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Chosun University College of Natural Science, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Tae Won Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University College of Pharmacy, Busan, Korea
| | - Min Hi Park
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University College of Pharmacy, Busan, Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Kim
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Pusan National University College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Miryang, Korea
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Zhang B, Shi L, Tan Y, Zhou Y, Cui J, Song Y, Liu Y, Zhang M, Duan W, Jin Z, Liu J, Yi D, Sun Y, Yi W. Forkhead box O6 (FoxO6) promotes cardiac pathological remodeling and dysfunction by activating Kif15-TGF-β1 under aggravated afterload. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e383. [PMID: 37799807 PMCID: PMC10547936 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy exhibits complex and abnormal gene expression patterns and progresses to heart failure. Forkhead box protein O6 (FoxO6) is a key transcription factor involved in many biological processes. This study aimed to explore the role of FoxO6 in cardiac hypertrophy. Three groups of mice were established: wild-type, FoxO6 knockout, and FoxO6-overexpressing. The mice received daily administration of angiotensin-II (Ang-II) or saline for 4 weeks, after which they were examined for cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and function. Elevated cardiac expression of FoxO6 was observed in Ang-II-treated mice. FoxO6 deficiency attenuated contractile dysfunction and cardiac remodeling, including cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibroblast proliferation and differentiation. Conversely, FoxO6 overexpression aggravated the cardiomyopathy and heart dysfunction. Further studies identified kinesin family member 15 (Kif15) as downstream molecule of FoxO6. Kif15 inhibition attenuated the aggravating effect of FoxO6 overexpression. In vitro, FoxO6 overexpression increased Kif15 expression in cardiomyocytes and elevated the concentration of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the medium where fibroblasts were grown, exhibiting increased proliferation and differentiation, while FoxO6 knockdown attenuated this effect. Cardiac-derived FoxO6 promoted pathological cardiac remodeling induced by aggravated afterload largely by activating the Kif15/TGF-β1 axis. This result further complements the mechanisms of communication among different cells in the heart, providing novel therapeutic targets for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryXijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryXijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yanzhen Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryXijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yenong Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryXijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jun Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryXijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yujie Song
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryXijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yingying Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryXijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of GeriatricsXijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Weixun Duan
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryXijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Zhenxiao Jin
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryXijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jincheng Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryXijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Dinghua Yi
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryXijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of GeriatricsXijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Wei Yi
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryXijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
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Zhao T, Miao H, Song Z, Li Y, Xia N, Zhang Z, Zhang H. Metformin alleviates the cognitive impairment induced by benzo[a]pyrene via glucolipid metabolism regulated by FTO/FoxO6 pathway in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:69192-69204. [PMID: 37133670 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27303-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is neurotoxic; however, the mechanism and prevention are still unclear. In this study, we assessed the intervention effect of metformin (MET) on cognitive dysfunction in mice induced by B[a]P from the perspective of glucolipid metabolism. Forty-two male healthy ICR mice were randomly categorized into 6 groups and were gavaged with B[a]P (0, 2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg), 45 times for 90 days. The controls were gavaged with edible peanut oil, and the intervention groups were co-treated with B[a]P (10 mg/kg) and MET (200 or 300 mg/kg). We assessed the cognitive function of mice, observed the pathomorphological and ultrastructural changes, and detected neuronal apoptosis and glucolipid metabolism. Results showed that B[a]P dose-dependently induced cognitive impairment, neuronal damage, glucolipid metabolism disorder in mice, and enhanced proteins of fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) and forkhead box protein O6 (FoxO6) in the cerebral cortex and liver, which were alleviated by the MET intervention. The findings indicated the critical role of glucolipid metabolism disorder in the cognitive impairment in mice caused by B[a]P and the prevention of MET against B[a]P neurotoxicity by regulating glucolipid metabolism via restraining FTO/FoxO6 pathway. The finding provides a scientific basis for the neurotoxicity and prevention strategies of B[a]P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyi Zhao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China
| | - Huide Miao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhanfei Song
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China
| | - Na Xia
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhiyan Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjian South Road, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, China.
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Important Hormones Regulating Lipid Metabolism. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27207052. [PMID: 36296646 PMCID: PMC9607181 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a wide variety of kinds of lipids, and complex structures which determine the diversity and complexity of their functions. With the basic characteristic of water insolubility, lipid molecules are independent of the genetic information composed by genes to proteins, which determine the particularity of lipids in the human body, with water as the basic environment and genes to proteins as the genetic system. In this review, we have summarized the current landscape on hormone regulation of lipid metabolism. After the well-studied PI3K-AKT pathway, insulin affects fat synthesis by controlling the activity and production of various transcription factors. New mechanisms of thyroid hormone regulation are discussed, receptor α and β may mediate different procedures, the effect of thyroid hormone on mitochondria provides a new insight for hormones regulating lipid metabolism. Physiological concentration of adrenaline induces the expression of extrapituitary prolactin in adipose tissue macrophages, which promotes fat weight loss. Manipulation of hormonal action has the potential to offer a new therapeutic horizon for the global burden of obesity and its associated complications such as morbidity and mortality.
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Si J, Ding X, Deng Z, Li P, Zhang B, Lan G, Huang B, Liang J, Wang Z, Si Y. A Four-Gene Signature Model Improves the Prediction of Distant Metastasis in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Retrospective, Three-Center Observational Study. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221080972. [PMID: 35262435 PMCID: PMC8918749 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221080972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Similar to that in other malignant tumors, distant metastasis is one of the most important causes of poor prognosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, the genetic hallmarks and networks that regulate the distant metastasis of NPC are not fully understood. Methods: In this study, we performed high-throughput screening of mRNA expression profiles in 92 NPC samples collected from 3hospitals and detected the mRNA expression levels of 31,503 genes in these samples. Gene functional enrichment analyses were performed using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was applied to select prognostic genes and a Cox proportional hazards regression model including these genes was constructed to predict prognosis. The Kaplan-Meier curve and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were plotted to assess the performance of this model. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the Cox proportion hazard model to test the independence of prognostic effect of gene model and other clinical features. Results: A total of 1837 differentially expressed genes between patients with and without distant metastasis were identified in the training cohort, including 869 upregulated genes and 968 downregulated genes. Six gene sets, including the Wnt/β catenin signaling pathway, hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway, Notch signaling pathway, mitotic spindle, apical surface, and estrogen response late, were enriched in patients with distant metastasis. A four-gene signature model was constructed in the training cohort, and according to the time-dependent ROC curve, this model had certain accuracy in predicting distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) in both the training and validation cohorts. Conclusion: We developed a four-gene signature model that can evaluate the distant metastasis risk of NPC patients and may also provide novel therapeutic targets for NPC treatment in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Si
- Xuan Wu Hospital, 71044Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiuyong Ding
- Xuan Wu Hospital, 71044Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhuoxia Deng
- 477292The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, PR China
| | - Pu Li
- Xuan Wu Hospital, 71044Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Benjian Zhang
- 477292The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, PR China
| | - Guiping Lan
- 477292The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, PR China
| | - Bo Huang
- 477292The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, PR China
| | - Jinhui Liang
- 477401Wuzhou Red Cross Hospital, Wuzhou, PR China
| | - Zhenlin Wang
- Xuan Wu Hospital, 71044Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yongfeng Si
- 477292The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, PR China
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Heeren J, Scheja L. Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease and lipoprotein metabolism. Mol Metab 2021; 50:101238. [PMID: 33892169 PMCID: PMC8324684 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, or as recently proposed 'metabolic-associated fatty liver disease' (MAFLD), is characterized by pathological accumulation of triglycerides and other lipids in hepatocytes. This common disease can progress from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, and eventually end-stage liver diseases. MAFLD is closely related to disturbances in systemic energy metabolism, including insulin resistance and atherogenic dyslipidemia. SCOPE OF REVIEW The liver is the central organ in lipid metabolism by secreting very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and, on the other hand, by internalizing fatty acids and lipoproteins. This review article discusses recent research addressing hepatic lipid synthesis, VLDL production, and lipoprotein internalization as well as the lipid exchange between adipose tissue and the liver in the context of MAFLD. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Liver steatosis in MAFLD is triggered by excessive hepatic triglyceride synthesis utilizing fatty acids derived from white adipose tissue (WAT), de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and endocytosed remnants of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. In consequence of high hepatic lipid content, VLDL secretion is enhanced, which is the primary cause of complex dyslipidemia typical for subjects with MAFLD. Interventions reducing VLDL secretory capacity attenuate dyslipidemia while they exacerbate MAFLD, indicating that the balance of lipid storage versus secretion in hepatocytes is a critical parameter determining disease outcome. Proof of concept studies have shown that promoting lipid storage and energy combustion in adipose tissues reduces hepatic lipid load and thus ameliorates MAFLD. Moreover, hepatocellular triglyceride synthesis from DNL and WAT-derived fatty acids can be targeted to treat MAFLD. However, more research is needed to understand how individual transporters, enzymes, and their isoforms affect steatosis and dyslipidemia in vivo, and whether these two aspects of MAFLD can be selectively treated. Processing of cholesterol-enriched lipoproteins appears less important for steatosis. It may, however, modulate inflammation and consequently MAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ludger Scheja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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11
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Sang L, Kang K, Sun Y, Li Y, Chang B. FOXO4 ameliorates alcohol-induced chronic liver injury via inhibiting NF-κB and modulating gut microbiota in C57BL/6J mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107572. [PMID: 33798806 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal mucosa barrier function and gut-liver axis are impaired by ethanol in chronic alcoholic liver disease (ALD). However, the possible mechanism is not clear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Forkhead Box O4 (FOXO4) on alcohol-induced chronic liver injury and its molecular mechanism(s). METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were injected with or without FOXO4-WT, FOXO4-TB or NF-κB vectors, and fed with Lieber-DeCarli liquid diets containing 36% ethanol for eight weeks to induce chronic ALD. Thereafter, blood, liver, colon and fecal samples were collected. Biochemical parameters, endotoxin and inflammatory cytokines in the blood and antioxidant enzymes in the liver were tested by commercial kits. Histopathological changes in the liver were evaluated by HE staining. In addition, the mRNA and protein expression of FOXO4, NF-κB, ZO-1 and Occluding in the colon were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. Furthermore, gut microbiota composition in the fecal samples was investigated with 16S rDNA sequencing. RESULTS FOXO4 significantly ameliorated liver histopathological damage. Moreover, FOXO4 reduced the serum endotoxin, biochemical parameters (ALT, AST, ALP and TG), antioxidant enzymes (ROS and MDA), inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α), but restored the levels of GSH, SOD and IL-10. Furthermore, FOXO4 significantly inhibited the expression of NF-κB, p-NF-κB p65, p-IKKα and p-IKKβ, and up-regulated the expression of ZO-1 and Occludin. Additionally, FOXO4 modulated the gut microbiota composition and certain bacteria including Odoribacter, Parasutterella and Psychrobacter. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that FOXO4 protects against alcohol-induced chronic liver injury via inhibiting NF-κB and modulating gut microbiota in C57BL/6J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixuan Sang
- Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kai Kang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yiling Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bing Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Kim DH, Kim YR, Bang E, Ha S, Noh SG, Kim BM, Jeong SH, Jung HJ, Lee JY, Chung HY. Mechanism of Lipid Accumulation through PAR2 Signaling in Diabetic Male Mice. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2021; 36:171-184. [PMID: 33677938 PMCID: PMC7937841 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2020.850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protease-activated protein-2 (PAR2) has been reported to regulate hepatic insulin resistance condition in type 2 diabetes mice. However, the mechanism of lipid metabolism through PAR2 in obesity mice have not yet been examined. In liver, Forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) activity induces peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), leading to accumulation of lipids and hyperlipidemia. Hyperlipidemia significantly influence hepatic steatoses, but the mechanisms underlying PAR2 signaling are complex and have not yet been elucidated. METHODS To examine the modulatory action of FoxO1 and its altered interaction with PPARγ, we utilized db/db mice and PAR2-knockout (KO) mice administered with high-fat diet (HFD). RESULTS Here, we demonstrated that PAR2 was overexpressed and regulated downstream gene expressions in db/db but not in db+ mice. The interaction between PAR2/β-arrestin and Akt was also greater in db/db mice. The Akt inhibition increased FoxO1 activity and subsequently PPARγ gene in the livers that led to hepatic lipid accumulation. Our data showed that FoxO1 was negatively controlled by Akt signaling and consequently, the activity of a major lipogenesis-associated transcription factors such as PPARγ increased, leading to hepatic lipid accumulation through the PAR2 pathway under hyperglycemic conditions in mice. Furthermore, the association between PPARγ and FoxO1 was increased in hepatic steatosis condition in db/db mice. However, HFD-fed PAR2-KO mice showed suppressed FoxO1-induced hepatic lipid accumulation compared with HFD-fed control groups. CONCLUSION Collectively, our results provide evidence that the interaction of FoxO1 with PPARγ promotes hepatic steatosis in mice. This might be due to defects in PAR2/β-arrestin-mediated Akt signaling in diabetic and HFD-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Ye Ra Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - EunJin Bang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Sugyeong Ha
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Sang Gyun Noh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Byeong Moo Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Seong Ho Jeong
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
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Kim DH, Ha S, Choi YJ, Dong HH, Yu BP, Chung HY. Altered FoxO1 and PPARγ interaction in age-related ER stress-induced hepatic steatosis. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:4125-4144. [PMID: 31246177 PMCID: PMC6628996 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most powerful predictors of premature cardiovascular disease (CVD), with heightened susceptibility to vascular intimal and medial calcification associated with a high cardiovascular mortality. Abnormal mineral metabolism of calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) and underlying (dys)regulated hormonal control in CKD-mineral and bone disorder (MBD) is often accompanied by bone loss and increased vascular calcification (VC). While VC is known to be a multifactorial process and a major risk factor for CVD, the view of primary triggers and molecular mechanisms complexity has been shifting with novel scientific knowledge over the last years. In this review we highlight the importance of calcium-phosphate (CaP) mineral crystals in VC with an integrated view over the complexity of CKD, while discuss past and recent literature aiming to highlight novel horizons on this major health burden. Exacerbated VC in CKD patients might result from several interconnected mechanisms involving abnormal mineral metabolism, dysregulation of endogenous calcification inhibitors and inflammatory pathways, which function in a feedback loop driving disease progression and cardiovascular outcomes. We propose that novel approaches targeting simultaneously VC and inflammation might represent valuable new prognostic tools and targets for therapeutics and management of cardiovascular risk in the CKD population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Sugyeong Ha
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Yeon Ja Choi
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Korea
| | - H Henry Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Byung Pal Yu
- Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
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Tan J, Zhang J, Zhao Z, Zhang J, Dong M, Ma X, Liu S, Xin Y. The association between SNPs rs1800591 and rs3816873 of the MTTP gene and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A meta-analysis. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:290535. [PMID: 32719241 PMCID: PMC7580732 DOI: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_201_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS : The role of two polymorphisms rs1800591 and rs3816873 of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) gene in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains controversial. A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the correlation between these MTTP polymorphisms and NAFLD. MATERIALS AND METHODS : A systematic search was carried out using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library to retrieve English studies that reported the relationship between MTTP polymorphisms (rs1800591 and rs3816873) and NAFLD published before February 18, 2020. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to appraise the risk of MTTP polymorphism in NAFLD. RESULTS : A total of 10 case-control studies, including 1388 cases and 1690 healthy subjects, were included. No significant correlation between the rs1800591 (G vs. T: OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.68-1.70, P = 0.76) and rs3816873 (CT + CC vs. TT: OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 0.76-2.01, P = 0.398) polymorphisms of MTTP and NAFLD was found in any of the models. However, when NASH patients confirmed by liver biopsy were extracted alone for rs1800591 polymorphism analysis, it was found that the G allele significantly increased the risk of NASH under the heterozygote model (GT vs. TT: OR = 3.16, 95% CI = 1.13-8.83, P = 0.028) and dominant model (GT + GG vs. TT: OR = 3.03, 95% CI = 1.13-8.09, P = 0.027). CONCLUSION The present meta-analysis revealed that the rs1800591 and rs3816873 polymorphisms of the MTTP gene are uncommon in NAFLD. However, the G allele of rs1800591 was more likely to be correlated to NASH susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tan
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Infectious Disease, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhao
- Hepatology Laboratory, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
- Digestive Disease Key Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengzhen Dong
- Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuefeng Ma
- Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shousheng Liu
- Hepatology Laboratory, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
- Digestive Disease Key Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongning Xin
- Department of Infectious Disease, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
- Hepatology Laboratory, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
- Digestive Disease Key Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
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15
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Moon KM, Lee B, Kim DH, Chung HY. FoxO6 inhibits melanogenesis partly by elevating intracellular antioxidant capacity. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101624. [PMID: 32863230 PMCID: PMC7338776 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Of the various transcription factors that play a role in controlling oxidative stress, the role of FoxO proteins in skin aging has recently become of interest. Unlike other FoxOs, FoxO6 remains in the nucleus due to the lack of nuclear export signal, so that it may respond sensitively to intracellular stimuli for the induction of target genes. However, the role of FoxO6 in melanogenesis and its related signaling pathways are unclear. We used UV exposed and intrinsically aged mice that exhibited skin aging. Our data showed that FoxO6 activation was markedly decreased in the skin of aging mice and UVB-exposed hairless mice that exhibited an increase in melanogenesis. The reduced FoxO6 activity was closely associated with the elevation of oxidative stress in the skin of these animal models. To our interest, siRNA-mediated FoxO6 knockdown markedly increased melanin content and related signaling pathways in B16F10 cells even without any stimulation. On the contrary, adenovirus-mediated FoxO6 activation significantly reduced melanin content in UVB-exposed B16F10 cells, which is closely associated with the induction of antioxidant genes including MnSOD and catalase, leading to a decrease in oxidative stress. Furthermore, vitamin C treatment reversed the elevated melanogenesis by the FoxO6 knockdown, indicating that the decreased antioxidant capacity greatly contributes to increased melanogenesis in the FoxO6 knockdown condition. For the upstream of a FoxO6 signaling pathway in melanocytes, FoxO6 phosphorylation by Akt appears to be essential evidenced by the reduction of FoxO6 activity and the increase in melanogenesis by PI3K/AKT inhibitor treatment. Our study suggests that FoxO6 is an antioxidant gene that prevents oxidative stress-induced melanogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Mi Moon
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Ageing Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonggi Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Daeyeon-dong, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Kim
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Ageing Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Ageing Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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Fatty liver diseases, mechanisms, and potential therapeutic plant medicines. Chin J Nat Med 2020; 18:161-168. [PMID: 32245585 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(20)30017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The liver is an important metabolic organ and controls lipid, glucose and energy metabolism. Dysruption of hepatic lipid metabolism is often associated with fatty liver diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcoholic fatty liver diseases (AFLD) and hyperlipidemia. Recent studies have uncovered the contribution of hormones, transcription factors, and inflammatory cytokines to the pathogenesis of dyslipidemia and fatty liver diseases. Moreover, a significant amount of effort has been put to examine the mechanisms underlying the potential therapeutic effects of many natural plant products on fatty liver diseases and metabolic diseases. We review the current understanding of insulin, thyroid hormone and inflammatory cytokines in regulating hepatic lipid metabolism, focusing on several essential transcription regulators, such as Sirtuins (SIRTs), Forkhead box O (FoxO), Sterol-regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs). We also discuss a few representative natural products with promising thereapeutic effects on fatty liver disease and dyslipidemia.
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17
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Ma N, Ma R, Tang K, Li X, He B. Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in Obese Diabetic Rats Promotes Autophagy to Improve Lipid Metabolism through mTOR/p70S6K Signaling Pathway. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:4326549. [PMID: 32309446 PMCID: PMC7136782 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4326549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery on markers of liver mitochondrial dynamics and find new therapeutic basis on obese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Materials and Methods. Thirty-two rats were divided into nondiabetic group, diabetic group, sham group, and RYGB group. The Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to detect short-term curriculum vitae for rat body component and fat and lean mass. Hepatic lipid content and triglyceride levels were detected by Oil Red O staining. Western blotting was used to examine autophagy and mammalian target of rapamycin/P70S6 kinase (mTOR/p70S6K) pathway-related proteins. The carbon dioxide production from the oxidation of [14C] oleate was measured. Plasma glucose was measured by glucose oxidase assay. The insulin and C-peptide were detected. Triacylglyceride (TG) and free fat acid (FFA) in plasma were determined by enzymatic colorimetric assays. RESULTS RYGB improved metabolic parameters and enhanced plasma GLP-1 level, ameliorated the lipopexia, and increased insulin sensitivity in the liver; RYGB promoted the hepatic autophagy and inhibited the mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway. GLP-1 reduced fat load and increased fatty acid β-oxidation by activated autophagy to regulate the hepatic lipid pathway through mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS RYGB may reduce liver lipid toxicity and improve insulin sensitivity through activating the hepatic fat hydrolysis pathway and inhibiting the liver fat synthesis pathway. However, the transport pathway of liver fat does not play a key role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanxi Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Kaixin Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Bing He
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
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Wang Y, Xue L, Li H, Shi J, Chen B. Knockdown of FOXO6 inhibits cell proliferation and ECM accumulation in glomerular mesangial cells cultured under high glucose condition. RSC Adv 2019; 9:1741-1746. [PMID: 35518006 PMCID: PMC9059738 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10547b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box O 6 (FOXO6), a FOX transcription factor, has been found to be involved in diabetes mellitus and related complications. However, the role of FOXO6 in diabetic nephropathy (DN) has not been fully understood. In the present study, we evaluated the functions of FOXO6 in high glucose (HG)-induced glomerular mesangial cells (MCs). The results showed that FOXO6 expression was significantly elevated in MCs after HG stimulation. Knockdown of FOXO6 by transfection with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting FOXO6 (siRNA-FOXO6) suppressed cell proliferation in MCs. The productions of extracellular matrix (ECM) components including collagen IV (Col IV) and fibronectin (FN) were markedly decreased after FOXO6 knockdown in MCs. Furthermore, knockdown of FOXO6 inhibited HG-induced activation of p38 MAPK signaling pathway in MCs. Collectively, these findings suggested that knockdown of FOXO6 inhibited cell proliferation and ECM accumulation in HG-induced MCs via inhibiting p38 MAPK signaling pathway. FOXO6 might be a beneficial therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqian Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University No. 8 of Baobei Road Kaifeng 475000 Henan Province P. R. China +86-0371-23906686
| | - Lei Xue
- Department of Endocrinology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University Kaifeng 475000 Henan Province P. R. China
| | - Huicong Li
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University No. 8 of Baobei Road Kaifeng 475000 Henan Province P. R. China +86-0371-23906686
| | - Jun Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University No. 8 of Baobei Road Kaifeng 475000 Henan Province P. R. China +86-0371-23906686
| | - Baoping Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University No. 8 of Baobei Road Kaifeng 475000 Henan Province P. R. China +86-0371-23906686
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Wu Z, Yang F, Jiang S, Sun X, Xu J. Induction of Liver Steatosis in BAP31-Deficient Mice Burdened with Tunicamycin-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082291. [PMID: 30081561 PMCID: PMC6121476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is highly associated with liver steatosis. B-cell receptor-associated protein 31 (BAP31) has been reported to be involved in ER homeostasis, and plays key roles in hepatic lipid metabolism in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. However, whether BAP31 modulates hepatic lipid metabolism via regulating ER stress is still uncertain. In this study, wild-type and liver-specific BAP31-depleted mice were administrated with ER stress activator of Tunicamycin, the markers of ER stress, liver steatosis, and the underlying molecular mechanisms were determined. BAP31 deficiency increased Tunicamycin-induced hepatic lipid accumulation, aggravated liver dysfunction, and increased the mRNA levels of ER stress markers, including glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), inositol-requiring protein-1α (IRE1α) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), thus promoting ER stress in vivo and in vitro. Hepatic lipid export via very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion was impaired in BAP31-depleted mice, accompanied by reduced Apolipoprotein B (APOB) and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) expression. Exogenous lipid clearance was also inhibited, along with impaired gene expression related to fatty acid transportation and fatty acid β-oxidation. Finally, BAP31 deficiency increased Tunicamycin-induced hepatic inflammatory response. These results demonstrate that BAP31 deficiency increased Tunicamycin-induced ER stress, impaired VLDL secretion and exogenous lipid clearance, and reduced fatty acid β-oxidation, which eventually resulted in liver steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Wu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China.
| | - Fan Yang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China.
| | - Shan Jiang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China.
| | - Jialin Xu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China.
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Wang JH, Tang HS, Li XS, Zhang XL, Yang XZ, Zeng LS, Ruan Q, Huang YH, Liu GJ, Wang J, Cui SZ. Elevated FOXO6 expression correlates with progression and prognosis in gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:31682-31691. [PMID: 28404958 PMCID: PMC5458239 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The FOXO6 correlated with tumor progression in a wide range of carcinomas, yet little is known in gastric cancer. The expression of FOXO6 and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 192 gastric carcinoma specimens. The correlation between FOXO6 expression with MMP-9, clinicopathological/prognostic value in gastric cancer was examined. FOXO6 overexpression was significantly associated with depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis and stage of disease. In univariate and multivariate analyses, FOXO6 was an independent prognostic factor for both overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). Moreover, FOXO6 over-expression was correlated with poor prognosis in patients subgroups stratified by tumor size, depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis. FOXO6 expression was increased in both prominent serosal invasion group and lymph node metastasis group. In addition, FOXO6 expression was positively correlated with MMP-9 among 192 gastric cancer tissues. Patients with FOXO6 over-expression had poor OS and shorter RFS in low and high invasiveness groups. Furthermore, stratified analysis showed that the TNM stage I patients with high FOXO6 expression had poor prognosis than those with low FOXO6 expression. In conclusion, FOXO6 overexpression promotes tumor aggressiveness and prognosis, and could be a promising target for prognostic prediction in gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hong Wang
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong-Sheng Tang
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Shan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang-Liang Zhang
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, China
| | - Xian-Zi Yang
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Si Zeng
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiang Ruan
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong-Hong Huang
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, China
| | - Gao-Jie Liu
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, China
| | - Shu-Zhong Cui
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, China
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Ma J, Matkar S, He X, Hua X. FOXO family in regulating cancer and metabolism. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 50:32-41. [PMID: 29410116 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
FOXO proteins are a sub-group of a superfamily of forkhead box (FOX)-containing transcription factors (TFs). FOXOs play an important role in regulating a plethora of biological activities ranging from development, cell signaling, and tumorigenesis to cell metabolism. Here we mainly focus on reviewing the role of FOXOs in regulating tumor and metabolism. Moreover, how crosstalk among various pathways influences the function of FOXOs will be reviewed. Further, the paradoxical role for FOXOs in controlling the fate of cancer and especially resistance/sensitivity of cancer to the class of drugs that target PI3K/AKT will also be reviewed. Finally, how FOXOs regulate crosstalk between common cancer pathways and cell metabolism pathways, and how these crosstalks affect the fate of the cancer will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ma
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Abramson Cancer Center, Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (IDOM), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 678 Haping Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150069, China; College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China.
| | - Smita Matkar
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Abramson Cancer Center, Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (IDOM), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Xin He
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Abramson Cancer Center, Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (IDOM), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Xianxin Hua
- Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Abramson Cancer Center, Institute of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism (IDOM), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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22
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Geisler CE, Renquist BJ. Hepatic lipid accumulation: cause and consequence of dysregulated glucoregulatory hormones. J Endocrinol 2017; 234:R1-R21. [PMID: 28428362 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fatty liver can be diet, endocrine, drug, virus or genetically induced. Independent of cause, hepatic lipid accumulation promotes systemic metabolic dysfunction. By acting as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) ligands, hepatic non-esterified fatty acids upregulate expression of gluconeogenic, beta-oxidative, lipogenic and ketogenic genes, promoting hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and ketosis. The typical hormonal environment in fatty liver disease consists of hyperinsulinemia, hyperglucagonemia, hypercortisolemia, growth hormone deficiency and elevated sympathetic tone. These endocrine and metabolic changes further encourage hepatic steatosis by regulating adipose tissue lipolysis, liver lipid uptake, de novo lipogenesis (DNL), beta-oxidation, ketogenesis and lipid export. Hepatic lipid accumulation may be induced by 4 separate mechanisms: (1) increased hepatic uptake of circulating fatty acids, (2) increased hepatic de novo fatty acid synthesis, (3) decreased hepatic beta-oxidation and (4) decreased hepatic lipid export. This review will discuss the hormonal regulation of each mechanism comparing multiple physiological models of hepatic lipid accumulation. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is typified by increased hepatic lipid uptake, synthesis, oxidation and export. Chronic hepatic lipid signaling through PPARgamma results in gene expression changes that allow concurrent activity of DNL and beta-oxidation. The importance of hepatic steatosis in driving systemic metabolic dysfunction is highlighted by the common endocrine and metabolic disturbances across many conditions that result in fatty liver. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the metabolic dysfunction that develops as a consequence of hepatic lipid accumulation is critical to identifying points of intervention in this increasingly prevalent disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Geisler
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Benjamin J Renquist
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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23
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Lee S, Dong HH. FoxO integration of insulin signaling with glucose and lipid metabolism. J Endocrinol 2017; 233:R67-R79. [PMID: 28213398 PMCID: PMC5480241 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The forkhead box O family consists of FoxO1, FoxO3, FoxO4 and FoxO6 proteins in mammals. Expressed ubiquitously in the body, the four FoxO isoforms share in common the amino DNA-binding domain, known as 'forkhead box' domain. They mediate the inhibitory action of insulin or insulin-like growth factor on key functions involved in cell metabolism, growth, differentiation, oxidative stress, senescence, autophagy and aging. Genetic mutations in FoxO genes or abnormal expression of FoxO proteins are associated with metabolic disease, cancer or altered lifespan in humans and animals. Of the FoxO family, FoxO6 is the least characterized member and is shown to play pivotal roles in the liver, skeletal muscle and brain. Altered FoxO6 expression is associated with the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, dietary obesity and type 2 diabetes and risk of neurodegeneration disease. FoxO6 is evolutionally divergent from other FoxO isoforms. FoxO6 mediates insulin action on target genes in a mechanism that is fundamentally different from other FoxO members. Here, we focus our review on the role of FoxO6, in contrast with other FoxO isoforms, in health and disease. We review the distinctive mechanism by which FoxO6 integrates insulin signaling to hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. We highlight the importance of FoxO6 dysregulation in the dual pathogenesis of fasting hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetes. We review the role of FoxO6 in memory consolidation and its contribution to neurodegeneration disease and aging. We discuss the potential therapeutic option of pharmacological FoxO6 inhibition for improving glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and DiabetesDepartment of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - H Henry Dong
- Division of Endocrinology and DiabetesDepartment of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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24
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FOXO transcription factors protect against the diet-induced fatty liver disease. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44597. [PMID: 28300161 PMCID: PMC5353679 DOI: 10.1038/srep44597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead O transcription factors (FOXOs) have been implicated in glucose and lipid homeostasis; however, the role of FOXOs in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is not well understood. In this study, we designed experiments to examine the effects of two different diets-very high fat diet (HFD) and moderately high fat plus cholesterol diet (HFC)-on wildtype (WT) and liver-specific Foxo1/3/4 triple knockout mice (LTKO). Both diets induced severe hepatic steatosis in the LTKO mice as compared to WT controls. However, the HFC diet led to more severe liver injury and fibrosis compared to the HFD diet. At the molecular levels, hepatic Foxo1/3/4 deficiency triggered a significant increase in the expression of inflammatory and fibrotic genes including Emr1, Ccl2, Col1a1, Tgfb, Pdgfrb, and Timp1. Thus, our data suggest that FOXO transcription factors play a salutary role in the protection against the diet-induced fatty liver disease.
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25
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Post-translational modifications of FOXO family proteins. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:4931-4941. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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26
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Chen HY, Chen YM, Wu J, Yang FC, Lv Z, Xu XF, Zheng SS. Expression of FOXO6 is Associated With Oxidative Stress Level and Predicts the Prognosis in Hepatocellular Cancer: A Comparative Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e3708. [PMID: 27227932 PMCID: PMC4902356 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000003708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the association of Forkhead box O6 (FOXO6) expression with oxidative stress level and prognosis of hepatocellular cancer (HCC).The case group included tissues of HCC from 128 patients who were hospitalized in Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery of First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University. The control group included normal liver tissues from 74 patients. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to test expressions of FOXO6, heme oxygenase (HO)-1, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). Dihydroethidium (DHE) was dyed to observe reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Immunohistochemistry was used to test FOXO6 expression. FOXO6 was silenced in HepG2 cells to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis. The expressions of ROS, HO-1, GPx, SOD, CAT, p27, and cyclin D1 were also detected to further explore the possible mechanism.The expressions of FOXO6, HO-1, GPx, SOD, and CAT in HCC tissue was significantly higher than those in normal and adjacent HCC tissues (P <0.05). The tumor size, TNM stage, Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level, the presence or absence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg), and differentiation degree were related to FOXO6 expression level (all P <0.05). COX analysis showed that high FOXO6 expression, male, positive HBsAg, advanced TNM staging, high expression of AFP, and low degree of differentiation were all risk factors for prognosis in HCC (P <0.05). Compared with the blank group (C group, without transfection) and the negative control (NC) group, the mRNA expressions of ROS, FOXO6, HO-1, SOD, GPx, and CAT were decreased (P <0.05). si-RNA group had significantly decreased proliferation speed during 24 to 72 hours (P <0.05), whereas si-FOXO6 group had remarkably increased G0/G1 staged cells and decreased S-staged cells (P <0.05). The si-FOXO6 group showed notably increased apoptosis rate (P <0.05) and p27 expressions as well as decreased cyclin D1 expressions (P <0.05).FOXO6 was highly expressed in HCC tissue and was related to oxidative stress levels. Furthermore, FOXO6 expression can be used as a biomarker for deterioration and prognosis of liver cancer, which may provide a novel treatment target for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yong Chen
- From the Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University,Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, ZheJiang Province, Hang Zhou 310003,China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (H-YC, Y-MC, J-W, F-CY, Z-L, X-FX, S-SZ)
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Sodium sulfite promotes the assembly and secretion of very low-density lipoprotein in HL-7702 hepatocytes. Toxicol Rep 2015; 3:98-104. [PMID: 28959527 PMCID: PMC5615426 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Na2SO3 can increase the secretion of VLDL and apoB100 of human hepatocytes. Na2SO3 can increase the expression of MTP and TGH in human hepatocytes. Na2SO3 can not increase TG levels inside the human hepatocytes, but can increase the extracellular TG level.
This study investigated the effects of Na2SO3 on the fat metabolism in human normal diploid HL-7702 (referred as L-02) hepatocytes. After 24 h and 48 h, treatment with different concentrations of Na2SO3, the intra and extra-hepatocellular triglyceride (TG) contents of L-02 were determined using chemical-enzymatic method. The contents of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100) in the culture supernatants were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Western blot was applied to detect the expressions of fatty acid oxidation and fat synthesis related proteins, VLDL assembly and secretion in L-02 cells. Results Na2SO3 treatment (10 mM, 24 h/48 h) significantly increased the intra TG level in the hepatocytes. Different concentrations of Na2SO3 increased the extra-hepatocellular TG content. After 24 h exposure, the extracellular VLDL levels and secretions of apoB100 in 0.1–10 mM Na2SO3 groups were significantly higher than that of the negative control (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the expression of CPT1 and SREBP1 protein were significantly reduced by Na2SO3. MTP and TGH protein expressions were significantly elevated in each Na2SO3 treatment group. The expression level of LDLR in hepatocytes was reduced by Na2SO3. Conclusion Na2SO3 exposure may promote the hepatocellular VLDL assembly and secretion, through increasing of MTP and TGH expressions and inhibiting the uptake of extracelluar VLDL.
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Key Words
- Arf1, ADP-ribosylation factor-1
- COP I, coated protein I
- CPT1, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- Fat synthesis
- Fatty acid oxidation
- Hepatocytes
- LDLR, low-density lipoprotein receptor
- MTP, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein
- NAFLD, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- SREBP1, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1
- Sodium sulfite
- TG, triglyceride
- TGH, triglyceride hydrolase
- VLDL
- VLDL uptake
- VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein
- apoB100, apolipoprotein B100
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Cai Z, Xi H, Pan Y, Jiang X, Chen L, Cai Y, Zhu K, Chen C, Xu X, Chen M. Effect of testosterone deficiency on cholesterol metabolism in pigs fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:18. [PMID: 25889601 PMCID: PMC4357180 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Testosterone deficiency is associated with increased serum cholesterol levels. However, how testosterone deficiency precisely affects cholesterol metabolism remains unclear. Therefore, in the current study, we examined the effect of testosterone deficiency on cholesterol metabolism and liver gene expression in pigs fed a high-fat and high-cholesterol (HFC) diet. Methods Sexually mature male miniature pigs (6–7 months old) were randomly divided into 3 groups as follows: intact male pigs fed an HFC diet (IM + HFC), castrated male pigs fed an HFC diet (CM + HFC), and castrated pigs with testosterone replacement fed an HFC diet (CM + HFC + T). Serum testosterone levels and lipid profiles were measured, and gene expression levels associated with hepatic cholesterol metabolism were determined. Furthermore, total hepatic cholesterol contents and the activities of enzymes mediating hepatic cholesterol metabolism were measured. Results Serum testosterone levels were significantly decreased in CM + HFC pigs, and testosterone replacement attenuated castration-induced testosterone deficiency. Castration significantly increased the serum levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as hepatic lipid contents in pigs fed an HFC diet. Compared with IM + HFC and CM + HFC + T pigs, low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) mRNA expression and protein levels were significantly decreased in the livers of CM + HFC pigs. In contrast, we found that compared with IM + HFC pigs, hepatic proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) mRNA and serum PCSK9 protein levels were significantly increased in CM + HFC pigs. Moreover, testosterone treatment reversed the increase in PCSK9 expression in CM + HFC pigs. However, neither castration nor testosterone replacement affected the expression of the other hepatic genes that were tested. Conclusions This study demonstrated that castration-induced testosterone deficiency caused severe hypercholesterolemia in pigs fed an HFC diet; furthermore, these effects could be reversed by testosterone replacement therapy. Altered hepatic PCSK9 and LDLR expression, resulting in reduced LDL-cholesterol clearance, may contribute to the increased serum cholesterol levels induced by testosterone deficiency and an HFC diet. These results deepen our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms that mediate the effects of testosterone deficiency on cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Cai
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Haitao Xi
- Reproduction Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
| | - Yongming Pan
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Xiaoling Jiang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310025, China.
| | - Liang Chen
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Yueqin Cai
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Keyan Zhu
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Cheng Chen
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Xiaoping Xu
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Minli Chen
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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HU HONGJUN, ZHANG LIGUO, WANG ZHENHUA, GUO XIXI. FoxO6 inhibits cell proliferation in lung carcinoma through up-regulation of USP7. Mol Med Rep 2012; 12:575-80. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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