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Sivakumar S, Lama D, Rabhi N. Childhood obesity from the genes to the epigenome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1393250. [PMID: 39045266 PMCID: PMC11263020 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1393250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and its associated comorbidities has surged dramatically in recent decades. Especially concerning is the increased rate of childhood obesity, resulting in diseases traditionally associated only with adulthood. While obesity fundamentally arises from energy imbalance, emerging evidence over the past decade has revealed the involvement of additional factors. Epidemiological and murine studies have provided extensive evidence linking parental obesity to increased offspring weight and subsequent cardiometabolic complications in adulthood. Offspring exposed to an obese environment during conception, pregnancy, and/or lactation often exhibit increased body weight and long-term metabolic health issues, suggesting a transgenerational inheritance of disease susceptibility through epigenetic mechanisms rather than solely classic genetic mutations. In this review, we explore the current understanding of the mechanisms mediating transgenerational and intergenerational transmission of obesity. We delve into recent findings regarding both paternal and maternal obesity, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms and potential sex differences in offspring outcomes. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms behind obesity inheritance holds promise for enhancing clinical management strategies in offspring and breaking the cycle of increased metabolic risk across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nabil Rabhi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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Wang S, Wu J, Chen Z, Wu W, Lu L, Cheng Y, Li S, Chen L, Tan X, Yang L, Wang C, Song Y. DNA methylation reprogramming mediates transgenerational diabetogenic effect induced by early-life p,p'-DDE exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140907. [PMID: 38092165 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that an adverse environment during the early fetal development can affect the epigenetic modifications on a wide range of diabetes-related genes, leading to an increased diabetic susceptibility in adulthood or even in subsequent generations. p,p'-Dichlorodiphenoxydichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) is a break-down product of the pesticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). p,p'-DDE has been associated with various health concerns, such as diabetogenic effect. However, the precise molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, p,p'-DDE was given by gavage to pregnant rat dams from gestational day (GD) 8 to GD15 to generate male germline to investiagate the transgenerational effects. We found that early-life p,p'-DDE exposure increased the transgenerational diabetic susceptibility through male germline inheritance. In utero exposure to p,p'-DDE altered the sperm DNA methylome in F1 progeny, and a significant number of those differentially methylated genes could be inherited by F2 progeny. Furthermore, early-life p,p'-DDE exposure altered DNA methylation in glucose metabolic genes Gck and G6pc in sperm and the methylation modification were also found in liver of the next generation. Our study demonstrate that DNA methylation plays a critical role in mediating transgenerational diabetogenic effect induced by early-life p,p'-DDE exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Center for Genomics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11021 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liping Lu
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuzhou Cheng
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuqi Li
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liangjing Chen
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Tan
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Charles Wang
- Center for Genomics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11021 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Yang Song
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, 2318 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, China.
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Larqué C, Lugo-Martínez H, Mendoza X, Nochebuena M, Novo L, Vilchis R, Sánchez-Bringas G, Ubaldo L, Velasco M, Escalona R. Paternal Obesity Induced by High-Fat Diet Impairs the Metabolic and Reproductive Health of Progeny in Rats. Metabolites 2023; 13:1098. [PMID: 37887423 PMCID: PMC10609116 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13101098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the increased incidence of obesity, it is of great importance to identify all the possible consequences in those who suffer from it and their descendants. This study aimed to investigate how paternal obesity, resulting from an 18-week high-fat diet (HFD), affects the metabolic and reproductive health of offspring. In the fathers (F0 generation), the HFD led to significant weight gain, primarily due to increased visceral fat. It also resulted in impaired glucose control and reduced insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, F0 males from the HFD group had reduced sperm concentration and lower sperm viability but were still able to sire litters. F1 offspring were monitored during 18 weeks; F1 offspring from obese fathers displayed increased body weight during the experimental window, especially in males, without significant metabolic disturbances. Additionally, F1 males showed reduced sperm viability, indicating potential reproductive implications. On the other hand, F1 females showed normal estrous cycle patterns but had a reduced number of primordial follicles, suggesting a decrease in their follicular reserve and reproductive potential. This study highlights that metabolic and reproductive issues may be passed down to future generations through the paternal line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Larqué
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics, Departamento de Embriología y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (C.L.); (H.L.-M.)
| | - Haydée Lugo-Martínez
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics, Departamento de Embriología y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (C.L.); (H.L.-M.)
| | - Xiadany Mendoza
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics, Departamento de Embriología y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (C.L.); (H.L.-M.)
| | - Monserrat Nochebuena
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics, Departamento de Embriología y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (C.L.); (H.L.-M.)
| | - Luis Novo
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics, Departamento de Embriología y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (C.L.); (H.L.-M.)
| | - Ricardo Vilchis
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics, Departamento de Embriología y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (C.L.); (H.L.-M.)
| | - Guadalupe Sánchez-Bringas
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics, Departamento de Embriología y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (C.L.); (H.L.-M.)
| | - Laura Ubaldo
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Myrian Velasco
- Neuroscience Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, AP 70-253 Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Rene Escalona
- Laboratory of Embryology and Genetics, Departamento de Embriología y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (C.L.); (H.L.-M.)
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Sharma S, Bhonde R. Dilemma of Epigenetic Changes Causing or Reducing Metabolic Disorders in Offsprings of Obese Mothers. Horm Metab Res 2023; 55:665-676. [PMID: 37813098 DOI: 10.1055/a-2159-9128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Maternal obesity is associated with fetal complications predisposing later to the development of metabolic syndrome during childhood and adult stages. High-fat diet seems to influence individuals and their subsequent generations in mediating weight gain, insulin resistance, obesity, high cholesterol, diabetes, and cardiovascular disorder. Research evidence strongly suggests that epigenetic alteration is the major contributor to the development of metabolic syndrome through DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA expression. In this review, we have discussed the outcome of recent studies on the adverse and beneficial effects of nutrients and vitamins through epigenetics during pregnancy. We have further discussed about the miRNAs altered during maternal obesity. Identification of new epigenetic modifiers such as mesenchymal stem cells condition media (MSCs-CM)/exosomes for accelerating the reversal of epigenetic abnormalities for the development of new treatments is yet another aspect of the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Sharma
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Ramesh Bhonde
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth Pune (Deemed University), Pune, India
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Cristian A, Tarry-Adkins JL, Aiken CE. The Uterine Environment and Childhood Obesity Risk: Mechanisms and Predictions. Curr Nutr Rep 2023; 12:416-425. [PMID: 37338777 PMCID: PMC10444661 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00482-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Childhood obesity is a growing health problem in many populations, hence the urgent need to unravel the underlying mechanisms. Some evidence suggests that exposure to suboptimal intrauterine environments can program foetal metabolic health, with adverse consequences in later life, including susceptibility to childhood obesity. FINDINGS Factors such as high and low foetal birth weight, excessive gestational-weight-gain, maternal stress and smoking are all associated with increased risk of childhood obesity in observational studies. Animal models, where both genetic background and the postnatal environment can be carefully controlled, suggest that several different mechanisms, including epigenetic changes, dysregulation of adipose tissue development and programming of appetite, may be key drivers of developmental programming of childhood obesity. However, the influence of genetics and the post-natal environment are much more difficult to disentangle as independent effects in human studies, which are also complicated by low follow-up rates. Suboptimal intrauterine environments interact with maternal and foetal genetics and with the postnatal environment to contribute to the risk of childhood obesity. Maternal metabolic challenges, for example obesity and insulin resistance, contribute to the risk of foetal overgrowth and subsequent adiposity in childhood. To protect the long-term health of populations, research focusing on effective means of identifying and intervening in the transgenerational cycle of childhood obesity is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Cristian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of CambridgeThe Rosie HospitalandNIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Box 223, Cambridge, CB2 0SW, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jane L Tarry-Adkins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of CambridgeThe Rosie HospitalandNIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Box 223, Cambridge, CB2 0SW, UK
| | - Catherine E Aiken
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of CambridgeThe Rosie HospitalandNIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Box 223, Cambridge, CB2 0SW, UK.
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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Newman TM, Clear KYJ, Wilson AS, Soto-Pantoja DR, Ochs-Balcom HM, Cook KL. Early-life dietary exposures mediate persistent shifts in the gut microbiome and visceral fat metabolism. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C644-C657. [PMID: 35848617 PMCID: PMC9970661 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00380.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In utero dietary exposures are linked to the development of metabolic syndrome in adult offspring. These dietary exposures can potentially impact gut microbial composition and offspring metabolic health. Female BALB/c mice were administered a lard, lard + flaxseed oil, high sugar, or control diet 4 wk before mating, throughout mating, pregnancy, and lactation. Female offspring were offered low-fat control diet at weaning. Fecal 16S sequencing was performed. Untargeted metabolomics was performed on visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of adult female offspring. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine adipocyte size, VAT collagen deposition, and macrophage content. Hippurate was administered via weekly intraperitoneal injections to low-fat and high-fat diet-fed female mice and VAT fibrosis and collagen 1A (COL1A) were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Lard diet exposure was associated with elevated body and VAT weight and dysregulated glucose metabolism. Lard + flaxseed oil attenuated these effects. Lard diet exposures were associated with increased adipocyte diameter and VAT macrophage count. Lard + flaxseed oil reduced adipocyte diameter and fibrosis compared with the lard diet. Hippurate-associated bacteria were influenced by lard versus lard + flax exposures that persisted to adulthood. VAT hippurate was increased in lard + flaxseed oil compared with lard diet. Hippurate supplementation mitigated VAT fibrosis pathology. Maternal high-fat lard diet consumption resulted in long-term metabolic and gut microbiome programming in offspring, impacting VAT inflammation and fibrosis, and was associated with reduced VAT hippurate content. These traits were not observed in maternal high-fat lard + flaxseed oil diet-exposed offspring. Hippurate supplementation reduced VAT fibrosis. These data suggest that detrimental effects of early-life high-fat lard diet exposure can be attenuated by dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany M. Newman
- 1Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina,2Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Kenysha Y. J. Clear
- 2Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Adam S. Wilson
- 2Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - David R. Soto-Pantoja
- 1Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina,2Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina,3Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Heather M. Ochs-Balcom
- 4Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Katherine L. Cook
- 1Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina,2Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina,3Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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Michońska I, Łuszczki E, Zielińska M, Oleksy Ł, Stolarczyk A, Dereń K. Nutritional Programming: History, Hypotheses, and the Role of Prenatal Factors in the Prevention of Metabolic Diseases-A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204422. [PMID: 36297106 PMCID: PMC9607048 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity and the numerous lifestyle diseases associated with it are undoubtedly among the key problems in modern medicine and public health. However, this problem concerns not only the present or immediate future, but also the longer term. Adult health is fundamentally shaped in the first years of life and in the fetal period. The preconceptual period, which is responsible for the proper preparation of the internal environment for the life and development of the fetus during pregnancy, is also significant. A special role in describing the phenomenon of conditioning the metabolism of the new human being is now attributed to the theory of nutritional programming. Research in this area was pioneered by David Barker, who put forward the theory of the “stunted phenotype” and described the relationship between a child’s birth weight, which is largely a consequence of the mother’s feeding behaviour, and diseases such as ischaemic heart disease, type 2 diabetes (T2D), dyslipidemia, or high blood pressure. This narrative review aims to provide an overview of the history, theory, and prenatal mechanisms involved in nutritional programming and its relationship to childhood obesity and other metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Michońska
- Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Edyta Łuszczki
- Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
- Correspondence: (E.Ł.)
| | - Magdalena Zielińska
- Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Łukasz Oleksy
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy, Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow, 31-008 Krakow, Poland
| | - Artur Stolarczyk
- Orthopedic and Rehabilitation Department, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dereń
- Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
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Rajamoorthi A, LeDuc CA, Thaker VV. The metabolic conditioning of obesity: A review of the pathogenesis of obesity and the epigenetic pathways that "program" obesity from conception. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1032491. [PMID: 36329895 PMCID: PMC9622759 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1032491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the developmental origins of health and disease is integral to overcome the global tide of obesity and its metabolic consequences, including atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The rising prevalence of obesity has been attributed, in part, to environmental factors including the globalization of the western diet and unhealthy lifestyle choices. In this review we argue that how and when such exposures come into play from conception significantly impact overall risk of obesity and later health outcomes. While the laws of thermodynamics dictate that obesity is caused by an imbalance between caloric intake and energy expenditure, the drivers of each of these may be laid down before the manifestation of the phenotype. We present evidence over the last half-century that suggests that the temporospatial evolution of obesity from intrauterine life and beyond is, in part, due to the conditioning of physiological processes at critical developmental periods that results in maladaptive responses to obesogenic exposures later in life. We begin the review by introducing studies that describe an association between perinatal factors and later risk of obesity. After a brief discussion of the pathogenesis of obesity, including the systemic regulation of appetite, adiposity, and basal metabolic rate, we delve into the mechanics of how intrauterine, postnatal and early childhood metabolic environments may contribute to adult obesity risk through the process of metabolic conditioning. Finally, we detail the specific epigenetic pathways identified both in preclinical and clinical studies that synergistically "program" obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananthi Rajamoorthi
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Charles A. LeDuc
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- The Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University IRVING Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Vidhu V. Thaker
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- The Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University IRVING Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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Murray KO, Clanton TL, Horowitz M. Epigenetic responses to heat: From adaptation to maladaptation. Exp Physiol 2022; 107:1144-1158. [PMID: 35413138 PMCID: PMC9529784 DOI: 10.1113/ep090143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? This review outlines the history of research on epigenetic adaptations to heat exposure. The perspective taken is that adaptations reflect properties of hormesis, whereby low, repeated doses of heat induce adaptation (acclimation/acclimatization); whereas brief, life-threatening exposures can induce maladaptive responses. What advances does it highlight? The epigenetic mechanisms underlying acclimation/acclimatization comprise specific molecular programmes on histones that regulate heat shock proteins transcriptionally and protect the organism from subsequent heat exposures, even after long delays. The epigenetic signalling underlying maladaptive responses might rely, in part, on extensive changes in DNA methylation that are sustained over time and might contribute to later health challenges. ABSTRACT Epigenetics plays a strong role in molecular adaptations to heat by producing a molecular memory of past environmental exposures. Moderate heat, over long periods of time, induces an 'adaptive' epigenetic memory, resulting in a condition of 'resilience' to future heat exposures or cross-tolerance to other forms of toxic stress. In contrast, intense, life-threatening heat exposures, such as severe heat stroke, can result in a 'maladaptive' epigenetic memory that can place an organism at risk of later health complications. These cellular memories are coded by post-translational modifications of histones on the nucleosomes and/or by changes in DNA methylation. They operate by inducing changes in the level of gene transcription and therefore phenotype. The adaptive response to heat acclimation functions, in part, by facilitating transcription of essential heat shock proteins and exhibits a biphasic short programme (maintaining DNA integrity, followed by a long-term consolidation). The latter accelerates acclimation responses after de-acclimation. Although less studied, the maladaptive responses to heat stroke appear to be coded in long-lasting changes in DNA methylation near the promoter region of genes involved with basic cell function. Whether these memories are also encoded in histone modifications is not yet known. There is considerable evidence that both adaptive and maladaptive epigenetic responses to heat can be inherited, although most evidence comes from lower organisms. Future challenges include understanding the signalling mechanisms responsible and discovering new ways to promote adaptive responses while suppressing maladaptive responses to heat, as all life forms adapt to life on a warming planet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin O. Murray
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Thomas L. Clanton
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michal Horowitz
- Laboratory of Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Zhang Y, Pu J, Ding Y, Wu L, Yin Y, Sun M, Gu Y, Zhang D, Zhang Z, Zheng Q, He Q, Xu T, He Y, Su H, Zhou X, Li L, Ye Y, Li J, Xu Z. Sex Differences at Early Old Stage in Glycolipid Metabolism and Fatty Liver in Offspring Prenatally Exposed to Chinese Great Famine. Front Nutr 2022; 9:913966. [PMID: 35811949 PMCID: PMC9257182 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.913966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAbout 50 years ago, Chinese Great Famine (CGF) affected the entire population in China, and its long-term influence on the offspring has attracted significant attention for research. However, information on possible metabolic differences between sexes is limited. This study explored whether there might be sex differences in the risks of development of glucolipid metabolic dysfunction and fatty liver following prenatal exposure to CGF.Materials and MethodsThere were 11,417 subjects around 55 years of age (6,661 women and 4,756 men). They were divided as the exposed group in which the fetal stage was in CGF, and the unexposed group included those born after CGF. Analysis focused on comparisons between sexes.ResultsCompared to the unexposed group, the BMI and triglyceride (P < 0.05) in men were higher in exposed group, while waist circumference and blood sugar (P < 0.05) in the exposed women were significantly higher. With the ages being properly balanced, the risks of glycolipid metabolic dysfunction were significantly higher in both men and women in the exposed than in the unexposed group (P < 0.001). Prenatal exposure to CGF significantly increased risks of abnormal BMI (P < 0.001, 95% CI: 2.305–2.93), blood sugar (P < 0.05, 95% CI: 1.050–1.401), triglycerides (P < 0.05, 95% CI: 1.006–1.245), and fatty liver (P < 0.001, 95% CI: 1.121–1.390) in men, and increased risks of abnormal blood sugar (P < 0.05, 95% CI: 1.024–1.689) and positive urine sugar (P < 0.05, 95% CI: 1.062–6.211) in women. Height and body weight were either the same or higher in the exposed subjects compared with the unexposed ones, regardless of sexes.ConclusionThis study is the first to identify sex differences in the long-term effects of CGF on metabolism and fatty liver. Importance of the findings include the benefits of prescribing medicine for the early prevention of certain diseases for each sex before aging based on the differences revealed. This study also shows “catch-up growth” in the offspring prenatally exposed to CGF as possible mechanisms underlying the long-term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Zhang
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianhong Pu
- The Center of Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Clinical Medicine, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Suzhou Industrial Park Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, China
| | - Yongxiang Yin
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Mingya Sun
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Ying Gu
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Daiyi Zhang
- The Center of Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qiutong Zheng
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qinyuan He
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yun He
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Su
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiuwen Zhou
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lingjun Li
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang Ye
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Jingyang Li
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhice Xu
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Zhice Xu,
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Rastogi S, Rastogi D. The Epidemiology and Mechanisms of Lifetime Cardiopulmonary Morbidities Associated With Pre-Pregnancy Obesity and Excessive Gestational Weight Gain. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:844905. [PMID: 35391836 PMCID: PMC8980933 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.844905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has reached pandemic proportions in the last few decades. The global increase in obesity has contributed to an increase in the number of pregnant women with pre-pregnancy obesity or with excessive gestational weight gain. Obesity during pregnancy is associated with higher incidence of maternal co-morbidities such as gestational diabetes and hypertension. Both obesity during pregnancy and its associated complications are not only associated with immediate adverse outcomes for the mother and their newborns during the perinatal period but, more importantly, are linked with long-term morbidities in the offsprings. Neonates born to women with obesity are at higher risk for cardiac complications including cardiac malformations, and non-structural cardiac issues such as changes in the microvasculature, e.g., elevated systolic blood pressure, and overt systemic hypertension. Pulmonary diseases associated with maternal obesity include respiratory distress syndrome, asthma during childhood and adolescence, and adulthood diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sequelae of short-term complications compound long-term outcomes such as long-term obesity, hypertension later in life, and metabolic complications including insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Multiple mechanisms have been proposed to explain these adverse outcomes and are related to the emerging knowledge of pathophysiology of obesity in adults. The best investigated ones include the role of obesity-mediated metabolic alterations and systemic inflammation. There is emerging evidence linking metabolic and immune derangements to altered biome, and alteration in epigenetics as one of the intermediary mechanisms underlying the adverse outcomes. These are initiated as part of fetal adaptation to obesity during pregnancy which are compounded by rapid weight gain during infancy and early childhood, a known complication of obesity during pregnancy. This newer evidence points toward the role of specific nutrients and changes in biome that may potentially modify the adverse outcomes observed in the offsprings of women with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Rastogi
- Division of Neonatology, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Deepa Rastogi
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
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12
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Wilson NRC, Veatch OJ, Johnson SM. On the Relationship between Diabetes and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Evolution and Epigenetics. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030668. [PMID: 35327470 PMCID: PMC8945691 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review offers an overview of the relationship between diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), obesity, and heart disease. It then addresses evidence that the traditional understanding of this relationship is incomplete or misleading. In the process, there is a brief discussion of the evolutionary rationale for the development and retention of OSA in light of blood sugar dysregulation, as an adaptive mechanism in response to environmental stressors, followed by a brief overview of the general concepts of epigenetics. Finally, this paper presents the results of a literature search on the epigenetic marks and changes in gene expression found in OSA and diabetes. (While some of these marks will also correlate with obesity and heart disease, that is beyond the scope of this project). We conclude with an exploration of alternative explanations for the etiology of these interlinking diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. R. C. Wilson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA;
| | - Olivia J. Veatch
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
| | - Steven M. Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA;
- Correspondence:
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13
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Koemel NA, Senior AM, Dissanayake HU, Ross J, McMullan RL, Kong Y, Phang M, Hyett J, Raubenheimer D, Gordon A, Simpson SJ, Skilton MR. Maternal dietary fatty acid composition and newborn epigenetic aging-a geometric framework approach. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 115:118-127. [PMID: 34591100 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal nutrition is associated with epigenetic and cardiometabolic risk factors in offspring. Research in humans has primarily focused on assessing the impact of individual nutrients. OBJECTIVES We sought to assess the collective impact of maternal dietary MUFAs, PUFAs, and SFAs on epigenetic aging and cardiometabolic risk markers in healthy newborn infants using a geometric framework approach. METHODS Body fatness (n = 162), aortic intima-media thickness (aIMT; n = 131), heart rate variability (n = 118), and epigenetic age acceleration (n = 124) were assessed in newborn infants. Maternal dietary intake was cross-sectionally assessed in the immediate postpartum period via a validated 80-item self-administered FFQ. Generalized additive models were used to explore interactive associations of nutrient intake, with results visualized as response surfaces. RESULTS After adjustment for total energy intake, maternal age, gestational age, and sex there was a 3-way interactive association of MUFAs, PUFAs, and SFAs (P = 0.001) with newborn epigenetic aging. This suggests that the nature of each fat class association depends upon one another. Response surfaces revealed MUFAs were positively associated with newborn epigenetic age acceleration only at proportionately lower intakes of SFAs or PUFAs. We also demonstrate a potential beneficial association of omega-3 (n-3) PUFAs with newborn epigenetic age acceleration (P = 0.008). There was no significant association of fat class with newborn aIMT, heart rate variability, or body fatness. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we demonstrated an association between maternal dietary fat class composition and epigenetic aging in newborns. Future research should consider other characteristics such as the source of maternal dietary fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Koemel
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise, and Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alistair M Senior
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hasthi U Dissanayake
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise, and Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sleep Research Group, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jason Ross
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rowena L McMullan
- Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise, and Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yang Kong
- Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise, and Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Melinda Phang
- Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise, and Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jon Hyett
- Sydney Institute for Women, Children and their Families, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Raubenheimer
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Adrienne Gordon
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise, and Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Institute for Women, Children and their Families, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael R Skilton
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise, and Eating Disorders, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Institute for Women, Children and their Families, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
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14
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Anwer H, Morris MJ, Noble DWA, Nakagawa S, Lagisz M. Transgenerational effects of obesogenic diets in rodents: A meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13342. [PMID: 34595817 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major health condition that affects millions worldwide. There is an increased interest in understanding the adverse outcomes associated with obesogenic diets. A multitude of studies have investigated the transgenerational impacts of maternal and parental obesogenic diets on subsequent generations of offspring, but results have largely been mixed. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on rodent studies to elucidate how obesogenic diets impact the mean and variance of grand-offspring traits. Our study focused on transgenerational effects (i.e., F2 and F3 generations) in one-off and multigenerational exposure studies. From 33 included articles, we obtained 407 effect sizes representing pairwise comparisons of control and treatment grand-offspring groups pertaining to measures of body weight, adiposity, glucose, insulin, leptin, and triglycerides. We found evidence that male and female grand-offspring descended from grandparents exposed to an obesogenic diet displayed phenotypes consistent with metabolic syndrome, especially in cases where the obesogenic diet was continued across generations. Further, we found stronger evidence for the effects of grand-maternal than grand-paternal exposure on grand-offspring traits. A high-fat diet in one-off exposure studies did not seem to impact phenotypic variation, whereas in multigenerational exposure studies it reduced variation in several traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Anwer
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Margaret J Morris
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel W A Noble
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Malgorzata Lagisz
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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15
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Peral-Sanchez I, Hojeij B, Ojeda DA, Steegers-Theunissen RPM, Willaime-Morawek S. Epigenetics in the Uterine Environment: How Maternal Diet and ART May Influence the Epigenome in the Offspring with Long-Term Health Consequences. Genes (Basel) 2021; 13:31. [PMID: 35052371 PMCID: PMC8774448 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The societal burden of non-communicable disease is closely linked with environmental exposures and lifestyle behaviours, including the adherence to a poor maternal diet from the earliest preimplantation period of the life course onwards. Epigenetic variations caused by a compromised maternal nutritional status can affect embryonic development. This review summarises the main epigenetic modifications in mammals, especially DNA methylation, histone modifications, and ncRNA. These epigenetic changes can compromise the health of the offspring later in life. We discuss different types of nutritional stressors in human and animal models, such as maternal undernutrition, seasonal diets, low-protein diet, high-fat diet, and synthetic folic acid supplement use, and how these nutritional exposures epigenetically affect target genes and their outcomes. In addition, we review the concept of thrifty genes during the preimplantation period, and some examples that relate to epigenetic change and diet. Finally, we discuss different examples of maternal diets, their effect on outcomes, and their relationship with assisted reproductive technology (ART), including their implications on epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Peral-Sanchez
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (D.A.O.); (S.W.-M.)
| | - Batoul Hojeij
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (B.H.); (R.P.M.S.-T.)
| | - Diego A. Ojeda
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK; (D.A.O.); (S.W.-M.)
| | - Régine P. M. Steegers-Theunissen
- Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (B.H.); (R.P.M.S.-T.)
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16
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Oxidative Stress Profile of Mothers and Their Offspring after Maternal Consumption of High-Fat Diet in Rodents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9073859. [PMID: 34868458 PMCID: PMC8636978 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9073859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Maternal exposure to the high-fat diet (HFD) during gestation or lactation can be harmful to both a mother and offspring. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and evaluate the studies with animal models (rodents) that were exposed to the high-fat diet during pregnancy and/or lactation period to investigate oxidative stress and lipid and liver enzyme profile of mothers and their offspring. The electronic search was performed in the PUBMED (Public/Publisher MEDLINE), EMBASE (Ovid), and Web of Science databases. Data from 77 studies were included for qualitative analysis, and of these, 13 studies were included for meta-analysis by using a random effects model. The pooled analysis revealed higher malondialdehyde levels in offspring of high-fat diet groups. Furthermore, the pooled analysis showed increased reactive oxygen species and lower superoxide dismutase and catalase in offspring of mothers exposed to high-fat diet during pregnancy and/or lactation. Despite significant heterogeneity, the systematic review shows oxidative stress in offspring induced by maternal HFD.
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17
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Corrales P, Vidal-Puig A, Medina-Gómez G. Obesity and pregnancy, the perfect metabolic storm. Eur J Clin Nutr 2021; 75:1723-1734. [PMID: 33911209 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00914-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a physiological stress that requires dynamic, regulated changes affecting maternal and fetal adiposity. Excessive accumulation of dysfunctional adipose tissue defined by metabolic and molecular alterations cause severe health consequences for mother and fetus. When subjected to sustained overnutrition, the cellular and lipid composition of the adipose tissue changes predisposing to insulin resistance, diabetes, and other metabolic disorders compromising the outcome of the pregnancy. Moreover, excessive maternal weight gain, usually in the context of obesity, predisposes to an increased flux of nutrients from mother to fetus throughout the placenta. The fetus of an obese mother will accumulate more adiposity and may increase the risk of future metabolic disorder later in life. Thus, further understanding of the interaction between maternal metabolism, epigenetic regulation of the adipose tissue, and their transgenerational transfer are required to mitigate the adverse health outcomes for the mother and the fetus associated with maternal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Corrales
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Cambridge University Nanjing Centre of Technology and Innovation, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Gema Medina-Gómez
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
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18
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Lokeswara AW, Hiksas R, Irwinda R, Wibowo N. Preeclampsia: From Cellular Wellness to Inappropriate Cell Death, and the Roles of Nutrition. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:726513. [PMID: 34805141 PMCID: PMC8602860 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.726513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is one of the most common obstetrical complications worldwide. The pathomechanism of this disease begins with abnormal placentation in early pregnancy, which is associated with inappropriate decidualization, vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and spiral artery remodeling, leading to endothelial dysfunction. In these processes, appropriate cellular deaths have been proposed to play a pivotal role, including apoptosis and autophagy. The proper functioning of these physiological cell deaths for placentation depends on the wellbeing of the trophoblasts, affected by the structural and functional integrity of each cellular component including the cell membrane, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, genetics, and epigenetics. This cellular wellness, which includes optimal cellular integrity and function, is heavily influenced by nutritional adequacy. In contrast, nutritional deficiencies may result in the alteration of plasma membrane, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and changes in gene expression, DNA methylation, and miRNA expression, as well as weakened defense against environmental contaminants, hence inducing a series of inappropriate cellular deaths such as abnormal apoptosis and necrosis, and autophagy dysfunction and resulting in abnormal trophoblast invasion. Despite their inherent connection, the currently available studies examined the functions of each organelle, the cellular death mechanisms and the nutrition involved, both physiologically in the placenta and in preeclampsia, separately. Therefore, this review aims to comprehensively discuss the relationship between each organelle in maintaining the physiological cell death mechanisms and the nutrition involved, and the interconnection between the disruptions in the cellular organelles and inappropriate cell death mechanisms, resulting in poor trophoblast invasion and differentiation, as seen in preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angga Wiratama Lokeswara
- Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rabbania Hiksas
- Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rima Irwinda
- Maternal Fetal Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Noroyono Wibowo
- Maternal Fetal Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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19
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Overweight and obesity in pregnancy: their impact on epigenetics. Eur J Clin Nutr 2021; 75:1710-1722. [PMID: 34230629 PMCID: PMC8636269 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00905-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, the prevalence of obesity has risen to epidemic proportions worldwide. Consequently, the number of obesity in pregnancy has risen drastically. Gestational overweight and obesity are associated with impaired outcomes for mother and child. Furthermore, studies show that maternal obesity can lead to long-term consequences in the offspring, increasing the risk for obesity and cardiometabolic disease in later life. In addition to genetic mechanisms, mounting evidence demonstrates the induction of epigenetic alterations by maternal obesity, which can affect the offspring’s phenotype, thereby influencing the later risk of obesity and cardiometabolic disease. Clear evidence in this regard comes from various animal models of maternal obesity. Evidence derived from clinical studies remains limited. The current article gives an overview of pathophysiological changes associated with maternal obesity and their consequences on placental structure and function. Furthermore, a short excurse is given on epigenetic mechanisms and emerging data regarding a putative interaction between metabolism and epigenetics. Finally, a summary of important findings of animal and clinical studies investigating maternal obesity-related epigenetic effects is presented also addressing current limitations of clinical studies.
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20
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Zhao Q, Hu Z, Kocak M, Liu J, Fowke JH, Han JC, Kakhniashvili D, Lewinn KZ, Bush NR, Mason WA, Tylavsky FA. Associations of prenatal metabolomics profiles with early childhood growth trajectories and obesity risk in African Americans: the CANDLE study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:1439-1447. [PMID: 33824402 PMCID: PMC8496965 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00808-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prenatal metabolomics profiles, providing measures of in utero nutritional and environmental exposures, may improve the prediction of childhood outcomes. We aimed to identify prenatal plasma metabolites associated with early childhood body mass index (BMI) trajectories and overweight/obesity risk in offspring. METHODS This study included 450 African American mother-child pairs from the Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning in Early Childhood Study. An untargeted metabolomics analysis was performed on the mothers' plasma samples collected during the second trimester. The children's BMI-z-score trajectories from birth to age 4 [rising-high- (9.8%), moderate- (68.2%), and low-BMI (22.0%)] and overweight/obesity status at age 4 were the main outcomes. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was used to select the prenatal metabolites associated with childhood outcomes. RESULTS The mothers were 24.5 years old on average at recruitment, 76.4% having education less than 12 years and 80.0% with Medicaid or Medicare. In LASSO, seven and five prenatal metabolites were associated with the BMI-z-score trajectories and overweight/obese at age 4, respectively. These metabolites are mainly from/relevant to the pathways of steroid biosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, vitamin B complex, and xenobiotics metabolism (e.g., caffeine and nicotine). The odds ratios (95% CI) associated with a one SD increase in the prenatal metabolite risk scores (MRSs) constructed from the LASSO-selected metabolites were 2.97 (1.95-4.54) and 2.03 (1.54-2.67) for children being in the rising-high-BMI trajectory group and overweight/obesity at age 4, respectively. The MRSs significantly improved the risk prediction for childhood outcomes beyond traditional prenatal risk factors. The increase (95% CI) in the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves were 0.10 (0.03-0.18) and 0.07 (0.02-0.12) for the rising-high-BMI trajectory (P = 0.005) and overweight/obesity at age 4 (P = 0.007), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal metabolomics profiles advanced prediction of early childhood growth trajectories and obesity risk in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Zunsong Hu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mehmet Kocak
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jiawang Liu
- Medicinal Chemistry Core, Office of Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jay H Fowke
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Joan C Han
- Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, and Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - David Kakhniashvili
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, Office of Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kaja Z Lewinn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicole R Bush
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - W Alex Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Frances A Tylavsky
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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21
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Wróblewski A, Strycharz J, Świderska E, Balcerczyk A, Szemraj J, Drzewoski J, Śliwińska A. Chronic and Transient Hyperglycemia Induces Changes in the Expression Patterns of IL6 and ADIPOQ Genes and Their Associated Epigenetic Modifications in Differentiating Human Visceral Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136964. [PMID: 34203452 PMCID: PMC8268546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipokines secreted by hypertrophic visceral adipose tissue (VAT) instigate low-grade inflammation, followed by hyperglycemia (HG)-related metabolic disorders. The latter may develop with the participation of epigenetic modifications. Our aim was to assess how HG influences selected epigenetic modifications and the expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and adiponectin (APN; gene symbol ADIPOQ) during the adipogenesis of human visceral preadipocytes (HPA-v). Adipocytes (Ads) were chronically or transiently HG-treated during three stages of adipogenesis (proliferation, differentiation, maturation). We measured adipokine mRNA, protein, proven or predicted microRNA expression (RT-qPCR and ELISA), and enrichment of H3K9/14ac, H3K4me3, and H3K9me3 at gene promoter regions (chromatin immunoprecipitation). In chronic HG, we detected different expression patterns of the studied adipokines at the mRNA and protein levels. Chronic and transient HG-induced changes in miRNA (miR-26a-5p, miR-26b-5p, let-7d-5p, let-7e-5p, miR-365a-3p, miR-146a-5p) were mostly convergent to altered IL-6 transcription. Alterations in histone marks at the IL6 promoter were also in agreement with IL-6 mRNA. The open chromatin marks at the ADIPOQ promoter mostly reflected the APN transcription during NG adipogenesis, while, in the differentiation stage, HG-induced changes in all studied marks were in line with APN mRNA levels. In summary, HG dysregulated adipokine expression, promoting inflammation. Epigenetic changes coexisted with altered expression of adipokines, especially for IL-6; therefore, epigenetic marks induced by transient HG may act as epi-memory in Ads. Such changes in the epigenome and expression of adipokines could be instrumental in the development of inflammation and metabolic deregulation of VAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Wróblewski
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (E.Ś.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (A.Ś.)
| | - Justyna Strycharz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (E.Ś.); (J.S.)
| | - Ewa Świderska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (E.Ś.); (J.S.)
| | - Aneta Balcerczyk
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (E.Ś.); (J.S.)
| | - Józef Drzewoski
- Central Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Śliwińska
- Department of Nucleic Acids Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (A.Ś.)
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Breton CV, Landon R, Kahn LG, Enlow MB, Peterson AK, Bastain T, Braun J, Comstock SS, Duarte CS, Hipwell A, Ji H, LaSalle JM, Miller RL, Musci R, Posner J, Schmidt R, Suglia SF, Tung I, Weisenberger D, Zhu Y, Fry R. Exploring the evidence for epigenetic regulation of environmental influences on child health across generations. Commun Biol 2021; 4:769. [PMID: 34158610 PMCID: PMC8219763 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02316-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental exposures, psychosocial stressors and nutrition are all potentially important influences that may impact health outcomes directly or via interactions with the genome or epigenome over generations. While there have been clear successes in large-scale human genetic studies in recent decades, there is still a substantial amount of missing heritability to be elucidated for complex childhood disorders. Mounting evidence, primarily in animals, suggests environmental exposures may generate or perpetuate altered health outcomes across one or more generations. One putative mechanism for these environmental health effects is via altered epigenetic regulation. This review highlights the current epidemiologic literature and supporting animal studies that describe intergenerational and transgenerational health effects of environmental exposures. Both maternal and paternal exposures and transmission patterns are considered, with attention paid to the attendant ethical, legal and social implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie V Breton
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Remy Landon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linda G Kahn
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Bosquet Enlow
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alicia K Peterson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Theresa Bastain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sarah S Comstock
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Cristiane S Duarte
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alison Hipwell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hong Ji
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Janine M LaSalle
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, MIND Institute, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Rashelle Musci
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Posner
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca Schmidt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Irene Tung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Weisenberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yeyi Zhu
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Epigenetic Changes Induced by Maternal Factors during Fetal Life: Implication for Type 1 Diabetes. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12060887. [PMID: 34201206 PMCID: PMC8227197 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ-specific autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, are believed to result from T-cell-mediated damage of the target tissue. The immune-mediated tissue injury, in turn, is known to depend on complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Nevertheless, the mechanisms whereby environmental factors contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases remain elusive and represent a major untapped target to develop novel strategies for disease prevention. Given the impact of the early environment on the developing immune system, epigenetic changes induced by maternal factors during fetal life have been linked to a likelihood of developing an autoimmune disease later in life. In humans, DNA methylation is the epigenetic mechanism most extensively investigated. This review provides an overview of the critical role of DNA methylation changes induced by prenatal maternal conditions contributing to the increased risk of immune-mediated diseases on the offspring, with a particular focus on T1D. A deeper understanding of epigenetic alterations induced by environmental stressors during fetal life may be pivotal for developing targeted prevention strategies of type 1 diabetes by modifying the maternal environment.
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El-Sayed A, Aleya L, Kamel M. The link among microbiota, epigenetics, and disease development. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:28926-28964. [PMID: 33860421 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13862-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The microbiome is a community of various microorganisms that inhabit or live on the skin of humans/animals, sharing the body space with their hosts. It is a sort of complex ecosystem of trillions of commensals, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms, including trillions of bacteria, archaea, protozoa, fungi, and viruses. The microbiota plays a role in the health and disease status of the host. Their number, species dominance, and viability are dynamic. Their long-term disturbance is usually accompanied by serious diseases such as metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, or even cancer. While epigenetics is a term that refers to different stimuli that induce modifications in gene expression patterns without structural changes in the inherited DNA sequence, these changes can be reversible or even persist for several generations. Epigenetics can be described as cell memory that stores experience against internal and external factors. Results from multiple institutions have contributed to the role and close interaction of both microbiota and epigenetics in disease induction. Understanding the mechanisms of both players enables a better understanding of disease induction and development and also opens the horizon to revolutionary therapeutic approaches. The present review illustrates the roles of diet, microbiome, and epigenetics in the induction of several chronic diseases. In addition, it discusses the application of epigenetic data to develop diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutics and evaluate their safety for patients. Understanding the interaction among all these elements enables the development of innovative preventive/therapeutic approaches for disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr El-Sayed
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, F-25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Mohamed Kamel
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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25
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Lecoutre S, Maqdasy S, Breton C. Maternal obesity as a risk factor for developing diabetes in offspring: An epigenetic point of view. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:366-382. [PMID: 33889285 PMCID: PMC8040079 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i4.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the developmental origin of health and disease concept, the risk of many age-related diseases is not only determined by genetic and adult lifestyle factors but also by factors acting during early development. In particular, maternal obesity and neonatal accelerated growth predispose offspring to overweight and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adulthood. This concept mainly relies on the developmental plasticity of adipose tissue and pancreatic β-cell programming in response to suboptimal milieu during the perinatal period. These changes result in unhealthy hypertrophic adipocytes with decreased capacity to store fat, low-grade inflammation and loss of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells. Over the past years, many efforts have been made to understand how maternal obesity induces long-lasting adipose tissue and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction in offspring and what are the molecular basis of the transgenerational inheritance of T2D. In particular, rodent studies have shed light on the role of epigenetic mechanisms in linking maternal nutritional manipulations to the risk for T2D in adulthood. In this review, we discuss epigenetic adipocyte and β-cell remodeling during development in the progeny of obese mothers and the persistence of these marks as a basis of obesity and T2D predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lecoutre
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 141-86, Sweden
- University of Lille, EA4489, Maternal Malnutrition and Programming of Metabolic Diseases, Lille 59000, France
| | - Salwan Maqdasy
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 141-86, Sweden
- Clermont-Ferrand CHU, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolic Diseases, Clermont-Ferrand 63003, France
| | - Christophe Breton
- University of Lille, EA4489, Maternal Malnutrition and Programming of Metabolic Diseases, Lille 59000, France
- U1283-UMR8199-EGID, University of Lille, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Lille 59000, France
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26
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Pant R, Firmal P, Shah VK, Alam A, Chattopadhyay S. Epigenetic Regulation of Adipogenesis in Development of Metabolic Syndrome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:619888. [PMID: 33511131 PMCID: PMC7835429 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.619888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the biggest public health concerns identified by an increase in adipose tissue mass as a result of adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Pertaining to the importance of adipose tissue in various biological processes, any alteration in its function results in impaired metabolic health. In this review, we discuss how adipose tissue maintains the metabolic health through secretion of various adipokines and inflammatory mediators and how its dysfunction leads to the development of severe metabolic disorders and influences cancer progression. Impairment in the adipocyte function occurs due to individuals' genetics and/or environmental factor(s) that largely affect the epigenetic profile leading to altered gene expression and onset of obesity in adults. Moreover, several crucial aspects of adipose biology, including the regulation of different transcription factors, are controlled by epigenetic events. Therefore, understanding the intricacies of adipogenesis is crucial for recognizing its relevance in underlying disease conditions and identifying the therapeutic interventions for obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Pant
- National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Priyanka Firmal
- National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Vibhuti Kumar Shah
- National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Aftab Alam
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Samit Chattopadhyay
- National Centre for Cell Science, SP Pune University Campus, Pune, India.,Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani, Goa, India
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27
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Christoforou ER, Sferruzzi-Perri AN. Molecular mechanisms governing offspring metabolic programming in rodent models of in utero stress. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:4861-4898. [PMID: 32494846 PMCID: PMC7658077 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03566-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The results of different human epidemiological datasets provided the impetus to introduce the now commonly accepted theory coined as 'developmental programming', whereby the presence of a stressor during gestation predisposes the growing fetus to develop diseases, such as metabolic dysfunction in later postnatal life. However, in a clinical setting, human lifespan and inaccessibility to tissue for analysis are major limitations to study the molecular mechanisms governing developmental programming. Subsequently, studies using animal models have proved indispensable to the identification of key molecular pathways and epigenetic mechanisms that are dysregulated in metabolic organs of the fetus and adult programmed due to an adverse gestational environment. Rodents such as mice and rats are the most used experimental animals in the study of developmental programming. This review summarises the molecular pathways and epigenetic mechanisms influencing alterations in metabolic tissues of rodent offspring exposed to in utero stress and subsequently programmed for metabolic dysfunction. By comparing molecular mechanisms in a variety of rodent models of in utero stress, we hope to summarise common themes and pathways governing later metabolic dysfunction in the offspring whilst identifying reasons for incongruencies between models so to inform future work. With the continued use and refinement of such models of developmental programming, the scientific community may gain the knowledge required for the targeted treatment of metabolic diseases that have intrauterine origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthimia R Christoforou
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amanda N Sferruzzi-Perri
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge, UK.
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28
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Miles FL, Mashchak A, Filippov V, Orlich MJ, Duerksen-Hughes P, Chen X, Wang C, Siegmund K, Fraser GE. DNA Methylation Profiles of Vegans and Non-Vegetarians in the Adventist Health Study-2 Cohort. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3697. [PMID: 33266012 PMCID: PMC7761449 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We sought to determine if DNA methylation patterns differed between vegans and non-vegetarians in the Adventist Health Study-2 cohort. Genome-wide DNA methylation derived from buffy coat was profiled in 62 vegans and 142 non-vegetarians. Using linear regression, methylation of CpG sites and genes was categorized or summarized according to various genic/intergenic regions and CpG island-related regions, as well as the promoter. Methylation of genes was measured as the average methylation of available CpG's annotated to the nominated region of the respective gene. A permutation method defining the null distribution adapted from Storey et al. was used to adjust for false discovery. Differences in methylation of several CpG sites and genes were detected at a false discovery rate < 0.05 in region-specific and overall analyses. A vegan diet was associated predominantly with hypomethylation of genes, most notably methyltransferase-like 1 (METTL1). Although a limited number of differentially methylated features were detected in the current study, the false discovery method revealed that a much larger proportion of differentially methylated genes and sites exist, and could be detected with a larger sample size. Our findings suggest modest differences in DNA methylation in vegans and non-vegetarians, with a much greater number of detectable significant differences expected with a larger sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayth L. Miles
- Adventist Health Study, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (F.L.M.); (A.M.); (M.J.O.)
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (V.F.); (P.D.-H.); (X.C.); (C.W.)
| | - Andrew Mashchak
- Adventist Health Study, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (F.L.M.); (A.M.); (M.J.O.)
| | - Valery Filippov
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (V.F.); (P.D.-H.); (X.C.); (C.W.)
| | - Michael J. Orlich
- Adventist Health Study, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (F.L.M.); (A.M.); (M.J.O.)
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Penelope Duerksen-Hughes
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (V.F.); (P.D.-H.); (X.C.); (C.W.)
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (V.F.); (P.D.-H.); (X.C.); (C.W.)
- Center for Genomics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Charles Wang
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (V.F.); (P.D.-H.); (X.C.); (C.W.)
- Center for Genomics, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Kimberly Siegmund
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
| | - Gary E. Fraser
- Adventist Health Study, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (F.L.M.); (A.M.); (M.J.O.)
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
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Xiao Y, Liu D, Cline MA, Gilbert ER. Chronic stress, epigenetics, and adipose tissue metabolism in the obese state. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:88. [PMID: 33088334 PMCID: PMC7574417 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00513-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In obesity, endocrine and metabolic perturbations, including those induced by chronic activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, are associated with the accumulation of adipose tissue and inflammation. Such changes are attributable to a combination of genetic and epigenetic factors that are influenced by the environment and exacerbated by chronic activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. Stress exposure at different life stages can alter adipose tissue metabolism directly through epigenetic modification or indirectly through the manipulation of hypothalamic appetite regulation, and thereby contribute to endocrine changes that further disrupt whole-body energy balance. This review synthesizes current knowledge, with an emphasis on human clinical trials, to describe metabolic changes in adipose tissue and associated endocrine, genetic and epigenetic changes in the obese state. In particular, we discuss epigenetic changes induced by stress exposure and their contribution to appetite and adipocyte dysfunction, which collectively promote the pathogenesis of obesity. Such knowledge is critical for providing future directions of metabolism research and targets for treating metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiao
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA USA
| | - Dongmin Liu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA USA
| | - Mark A Cline
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA USA.,School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA USA
| | - Elizabeth R Gilbert
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA USA.,School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA USA
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30
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Metabolic Flexibility Assists Reprograming of Central and Peripheral Innate Immunity During Neurodevelopment. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 58:703-718. [PMID: 33006752 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02154-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Central innate immunity assists time-dependent neurodevelopment by recruiting and interacting with peripheral immune cells. Microglia are the major player of central innate immunity integrating peripheral signals arising from the circumventricular regions lacking the blood-brain barrier (BBB), via neural afferent pathways such as the vagal nerve and also by choroid plexus into the brain ventricles. Defective and/or unrestrained activation of central and peripheral immunity during embryonic development might set an aberrant connectome establishment and brain function, leading to major psychiatric disorders in postnatal stages. Molecular candidates leading to central and peripheral innate immune overactivation identified metabolic substrates and lipid species as major contributors of immunological priming, supporting the role of a metabolic flexibility node during trained immunity. Mechanistically, trained immunity is established by an epigenetic program including DNA methylation and histone acetylation, as the major molecular epigenetic signatures to set immune phenotypes. By definition, immunological training sets reprogramming of innate immune cells, enhancing or repressing immune responses towards a second challenge which potentially might contribute to neurodevelopment disorders. Notably, the innate immune training might be set during pregnancy by maternal immune activation stimuli. In this review, we integrate the most valuable scientific evidence supporting the role of metabolic cues assisting metabolic flexibility, leading to innate immune training during development and its effects on aberrant neurological phenotypes in the offspring. We also add reports supporting the role of methylation and histone acetylation signatures as a major epigenetic mechanism regulating immune training.
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31
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Jing J, Wang Y, Quan Y, Wang Z, Liu Y, Ding Z. Maternal obesity alters C19MC microRNAs expression profile in fetal umbilical cord blood. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:52. [PMID: 32655673 PMCID: PMC7339545 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To determine if overweight/obese pregnant women have altered microRNA expression patterns in fetal umbilical cord blood that may affect the development of offspring. Methods Umbilical cord blood samples were obtained from the fetuses of 34 overweight/obese and 32 normal-weight women after delivery. Next generation sequencing (NGS) analyzed their miRNA expression patterns. miRanda and TargetScan databases were used to predict the miRNAs’ target genes followed by analyses of Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) to perform function grouping and pathway analyses. qRT-PCR verified the identity of differentially expressed miRNAs that were revealed in the NGS results. Results There was a positive correlation between newborn body weight and pregestational BMI of pregnant individuals (r = 0.48, P < 0.001). One hundred and eight miRNAs were differentially expressed between the normal and overweight/obese groups, which target genes were enriched in the metabolic pathway. Five C19MC miRNAs (miR-516a-5p, miR-516b-5p, miR-520a-3p, miR-1323, miR-523-5p) were upregulated in the overweight/obese group. Target enrichment analysis suggests their involvement in post-embryonic development, lipid and glucose homeostasis, T cell differentiation and nervous system development. Conclusions C19MC miRNA expression upregulation in the fetal circulation during the gestation of overweight/obese pregnant women may contribute to altered multisystem metabolic pathway development in their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Jing
- Department of Histology, Embryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Yingjin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200235 China
| | - Yanmei Quan
- Department of Histology, Embryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Zhijie Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200235 China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Histology, Embryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Zhide Ding
- Department of Histology, Embryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
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32
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King SE, Skinner MK. Epigenetic Transgenerational Inheritance of Obesity Susceptibility. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:478-494. [PMID: 32521235 PMCID: PMC8260009 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and associated diseases has reached pandemic levels. Obesity is often associated with overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle, but clearly other factors also increase the susceptibility of metabolic disease states. Ancestral and direct exposures to environmental toxicants and altered nutrition have been shown to increase susceptibility for obesity and metabolic dysregulation. Environmental insults can reprogram the epigenome of the germline (sperm and eggs), which transmits the susceptibility for disease to future generations through epigenetic transgenerational inheritance. In this review, we discuss current evidence and molecular mechanisms for epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of obesity susceptibility. Understanding ancestral environmental insults and epigenetic transgenerational impacts on future generations will be critical to fully understand the etiology of obesity and to develop preventative therapy options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E King
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA
| | - Michael K Skinner
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA.
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33
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Lecoutre S, Kwok KHM, Petrus P, Lambert M, Breton C. Epigenetic Programming of Adipose Tissue in the Progeny of Obese Dams. Curr Genomics 2020; 20:428-437. [PMID: 32477000 PMCID: PMC7235387 DOI: 10.2174/1389202920666191118092852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the Developmental Origin of Health and Disease (DOHaD) concept, maternal obesity and the resulting accelerated growth in neonates predispose offspring to obesity and associated metabolic diseases that may persist across generations. In this context, the adipose tissue has emerged as an important player due to its involvement in metabolic health, and its high potential for plasticity and adaptation to environmental cues. Recent years have seen a growing interest in how maternal obesity induces long-lasting adipose tissue remodeling in offspring and how these modifications could be transmitted to subsequent generations in an inter- or transgenerational manner. In particular, epigenetic mechanisms are thought to be key players in the developmental programming of adipose tissue, which may partially mediate parts of the transgenerational inheritance of obesity. This review presents data supporting the role of maternal obesity in the developmental programming of adipose tissue through epigenetic mechanisms. Inter- and transgenerational effects on adipose tissue expansion are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lecoutre
- University of Lille, EA4489, Equipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, F-59000 Lille, France.,Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kelvin H M Kwok
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Insitutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul Petrus
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mélanie Lambert
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christophe Breton
- University of Lille, EA4489, Equipe Malnutrition Maternelle et Programmation des Maladies Métaboliques, F-59000 Lille, France
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34
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Guo T, Luo F, Lin Q. You are affected by what your parents eat: Diet, epigenetics, transgeneration and intergeneration. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Kaspar D, Hastreiter S, Irmler M, Hrabé de Angelis M, Beckers J. Nutrition and its role in epigenetic inheritance of obesity and diabetes across generations. Mamm Genome 2020; 31:119-133. [PMID: 32350605 PMCID: PMC7368866 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-020-09839-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional constraints including not only caloric restriction or protein deficiency, but also energy-dense diets affect metabolic health and frequently lead to obesity and insulin resistance, as well as glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes. The effects of these environmental factors are often mediated via epigenetic modifiers that target the expression of metabolic genes. More recently, it was discovered that such parentally acquired metabolic changes can alter the metabolic health of the filial and grand-filial generations. In mammals, this epigenetic inheritance can either follow an intergenerational or transgenerational mode of inheritance. In the case of intergenerational inheritance, epimutations established in gametes persist through the first round of epigenetic reprogramming occurring during preimplantation development. For transgenerational inheritance, epimutations persist additionally throughout the reprogramming that occurs during germ cell development later in embryogenesis. Differentially expressed transcripts, genomic cytosine methylations, and several chemical modifications of histones are prime candidates for tangible marks which may serve as epimutations in inter- and transgenerational inheritance and which are currently being investigated experimentally. We review, here, the current literature in support of epigenetic inheritance of metabolic traits caused by nutritional constraints and potential mechanisms in man and in rodent model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Kaspar
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sieglinde Hastreiter
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Irmler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabé de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephan, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung E.V. (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephan, Germany.
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung E.V. (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
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36
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Treviño LS, Dong J, Kaushal A, Katz TA, Jangid RK, Robertson MJ, Grimm SL, Ambati CSR, Putluri V, Cox AR, Kim KH, May TD, Gallo MR, Moore DD, Hartig SM, Foulds CE, Putluri N, Coarfa C, Walker CL. Epigenome environment interactions accelerate epigenomic aging and unlock metabolically restricted epigenetic reprogramming in adulthood. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2316. [PMID: 32385268 PMCID: PMC7210260 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15847-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our early-life environment has a profound influence on developing organs that impacts metabolic function and determines disease susceptibility across the life-course. Using a rat model for exposure to an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC), we show that early-life chemical exposure causes metabolic dysfunction in adulthood and reprograms histone marks in the developing liver to accelerate acquisition of an adult epigenomic signature. This epigenomic reprogramming persists long after the initial exposure, but many reprogrammed genes remain transcriptionally silent with their impact on metabolism not revealed until a later life exposure to a Western-style diet. Diet-dependent metabolic disruption was largely driven by reprogramming of the Early Growth Response 1 (EGR1) transcriptome and production of metabolites in pathways linked to cholesterol, lipid and one-carbon metabolism. These findings demonstrate the importance of epigenome:environment interactions, which early in life accelerate epigenomic aging, and later in adulthood unlock metabolically restricted epigenetic reprogramming to drive metabolic dysfunction. Early life exposure to environmental stressors, including endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), can impact health later in life. Here, the authors show that neonatal EDC exposure in rats causes epigenetic reprogramming in the liver, which is transcriptionally silent until animals are placed on a Western-style diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey S Treviño
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Division of Health Equities, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Jianrong Dong
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ahkilesh Kaushal
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tiffany A Katz
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rahul Kumar Jangid
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Matthew J Robertson
- Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sandra L Grimm
- Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chandra Shekar R Ambati
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Vasanta Putluri
- Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Aaron R Cox
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kang Ho Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Thaddeus D May
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Morgan R Gallo
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David D Moore
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sean M Hartig
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Charles E Foulds
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Cheryl Lyn Walker
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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37
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Michlin M, Argaev-Frenkel L, Weinstein-Fudim L, Ornoy A, Rosenzweig T. Maternal N-Acetyl Cysteine Intake Improved Glucose Tolerance in Obese Mice Offspring. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1981. [PMID: 32183232 PMCID: PMC7139991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to certain environmental factors during the early stages of development was found to affect health in adulthood. Among other environmental factors, oxidative stress has been suggested to be involved in fetal programming, leading to elevated risk for metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes; however, the possibility that antioxidant consumption during early life may affect the development of diabetes has scarcely been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) given during pregnancy and lactation on the susceptibility of offspring to develop glucose intolerance at adulthood. C57bl6/J mice were given NAC during pregnancy and lactation. High fat diet (HFD) was given to offspring at an age of 6 weeks for an additional 9 weeks, till the end of the study. Isolated islets of NAC-treated offspring (6 weeks old, before HFD feeding) had an increased efficacy of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and a higher resistance to oxidative damage. Following HFD feeding, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity of NAC-treated offspring were improved. In addition, islet diameter was lower in male offspring of NAC-treated mice compared to their HFD-fed littermates. NAC consumption during early life improves glucose tolerance in adulthood in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Michlin
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Nutrition Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (M.M.); (L.A.-F.)
| | - Lital Argaev-Frenkel
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Nutrition Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (M.M.); (L.A.-F.)
| | - Liza Weinstein-Fudim
- Laboratory of Teratology, Department of Medical Neurobiology, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (L.W.-F.); (A.O.)
| | - Asher Ornoy
- Laboratory of Teratology, Department of Medical Neurobiology, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (L.W.-F.); (A.O.)
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
| | - Tovit Rosenzweig
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Nutrition Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (M.M.); (L.A.-F.)
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Camsari C, Folger JK, Rajput SK, McGee D, Latham KE, Smith GW. Transgenerational Effects of Periconception Heavy Metal Administration on Adipose Weight and Glucose Homeostasis in Mice at Maturity. Toxicol Sci 2020; 168:610-619. [PMID: 30629257 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that periconception maternal administration (2 mg/kg body weight each) of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) plus methylmercury (II) chloride (CH3HgCl) impaired glucose homeostasis and increased body weights and abdominal adipose tissue weight of male offspring in the F1 generation. However, transgenerational effects of this exposure have not been studied. Therefore, the effects of periconception Cd+Hg administration on indices of chronic diseases at adulthood in F2-F4 generations were examined. Male and female progeny of Cd+Hg periconceptionally treated females, and offspring of vehicle control females were bred with naïve CD1 mice to obtain F2 offspring, with additional crosses as above to the F4 generation (F1-F4 animals were not administered Cd+Hg). Birth weights and litter size were similar in all generations. Indices of impaired glucose homeostasis were observed in matrilineally descended F2 male offspring, including reduced glucose tolerance, along with increased basal phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) at serine 307 suggesting altered insulin signaling. Reduced glucose tolerance was also seen in F4 males. Increased body weight and/or abdominal adiposity were observed through the F4 generation in males descended matrilineally from the treated female progenitors. Patrilineally derived F2 females displayed reduced glucose tolerance. Females (F2) patrilineally and matrilineally derived displayed significant kidney enlargement. Periconception administration of cadmium and mercury caused persistent transgenerational effects in offspring through the F4 generation in the absence of continued toxicant exposure, with persistent transgenerational effects inherited specifically through the matrilineal germline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cagri Camsari
- Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Genomics.,Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824.,Innovative Food Technologies Development Application and Research Center, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu 14030, Turkey
| | - Joseph K Folger
- Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Genomics.,Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Sandeep K Rajput
- Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Genomics.,Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Devin McGee
- Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Genomics.,Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Keith E Latham
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824.,Reproductive and Developmental Sciences Program, Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - George W Smith
- Laboratory of Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Genomics.,Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
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Hu Z, Tylavsky FA, Kocak M, Fowke JH, Han JC, Davis RL, LeWinn KZ, Bush NR, Sathyanarayana S, Karr CJ, Zhao Q. Effects of Maternal Dietary Patterns during Pregnancy on Early Childhood Growth Trajectories and Obesity Risk: The CANDLE Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:E465. [PMID: 32069778 PMCID: PMC7071328 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the associations between maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and early childhood growth trajectories and overweight/obesity risk in offspring. Maternal diet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire during the second trimester, and dietary patterns were derived by reduced rank regression. The associations between maternal dietary pattern scores and body mass index (BMI) trajectories from birth to age four (rising-high, moderate, and low BMI trajectories) as well as overweight/obesity risk at age four were analyzed (n = 1257). Two maternal dietary patterns were identified. The fast food pattern included a higher intake of fried chicken and fish, fruit juices, mayonnaise, and sugar-sweetened beverages, while the processed food pattern included a higher intake of dairy, salad dressing, processed meat, and cold breakfast cereal. Women with greater adherence to the fast food pattern were more likely to have children in the rising-high BMI trajectory group [OR (95% CI) = 1.32 (1.07-1.62); p = 0.008] or having overweight/obesity at age four [OR (95% CI) = 1.31 (1.11-1.54); p = 0.001]. The processed food pattern was not associated with these outcomes. The maternal dietary pattern during pregnancy represented by fried foods and sugar-sweetened beverages may contribute to rapid early childhood growth and increased risk for obesity in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunsong Hu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (Z.H.); (F.A.T.); (M.K.); (J.H.F.)
| | - Frances A. Tylavsky
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (Z.H.); (F.A.T.); (M.K.); (J.H.F.)
| | - Mehmet Kocak
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (Z.H.); (F.A.T.); (M.K.); (J.H.F.)
| | - Jay H. Fowke
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (Z.H.); (F.A.T.); (M.K.); (J.H.F.)
| | - Joan C. Han
- Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, and Children’s Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA;
| | - Robert L. Davis
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA;
| | - Kaja Z. LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA;
| | - Nicole R. Bush
- Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA;
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle, WA 98121, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98121, USA;
| | - Catherine J. Karr
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98121, USA;
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; (Z.H.); (F.A.T.); (M.K.); (J.H.F.)
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40
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Dalfrà MG, Burlina S, Del Vescovo GG, Lapolla A. Genetics and Epigenetics: New Insight on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:602477. [PMID: 33335512 PMCID: PMC7736606 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.602477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic complication of pregnancy, with a prevalence that has increased significantly in the last decade, coming to affect 12-18% of all pregnancies. GDM is believed to be the result of a combination of genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. Following the identification of susceptibility genes for type 2 diabetes by means of genome-wide association studies, an association has also been demonstrated between some type 2 diabetes susceptibility genes and GDM, suggesting a partial similarity of the genetic architecture behind the two forms of diabetes. More recent genome-wide association studies, focusing on maternal metabolism during pregnancy, have demonstrated an overlap in the genes associated with metabolic traits in gravid and non-gravid populations, as well as in genes apparently unique to pregnancy. Epigenetic changes-such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and microRNA gene silencing-have also been identified in GDM patients. Metabolomics has been used to profile the metabolic state of women during pregnancy, based on the measurement of numerous low-molecular-weight metabolites. Measuring amino acids and conventional metabolites has revealed changes in pregnant women with a higher insulin resistance and high blood glucose levels that resemble the changes seen in non-gravid, insulin-resistant populations. This would suggest similarities in the metabolic profiles typical of insulin resistance and hyperglycemia whether individuals are pregnant or not. Future studies combining data obtained using multiple technologies will enable an integrated systems biology approach to maternal metabolism during a pregnancy complicated by GDM. This review highlights the recent knowledge on the impact of genetics and epigenetics in the pathophysiology of GDM and the maternal and fetal complications associated with this pathology condition.
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Zhu Z, Cao F, Li X. Epigenetic Programming and Fetal Metabolic Programming. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:764. [PMID: 31849831 PMCID: PMC6901800 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal metabolic programming caused by the adverse intrauterine environment can induce metabolic syndrome in adult offspring. Adverse intrauterine environment introduces fetal long-term relatively irreversible changes in organs and metabolism, and thus causes fetal metabolic programming leading metabolic syndrome in adult offspring. Fetal metabolic programming of obesity and insulin resistance plays a key role in this process. The mechanism of fetal metabolic programming is still not very clear. It is suggested that epigenetic programming, also induced by the adverse intrauterine environment, is a critical underlying mechanism of fetal metabolic programming. Fetal epigenetic programming affects gene expression changes and cellular function through epigenetic modifications without DNA nucleotide sequence changes. Epigenetic modifications can be relatively stably retained and transmitted through mitosis and generations, and thereby induce the development of metabolic syndrome in adult offspring. This manuscript provides an overview of the critical role of epigenetic programming in fetal metabolic programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Zhu
- Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Fang Cao
- Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhong Li
- Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Trumble BC, Finch CE. THE EXPOSOME IN HUMAN EVOLUTION: FROM DUST TO DIESEL. THE QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY 2019; 94:333-394. [PMID: 32269391 PMCID: PMC7141577 DOI: 10.1086/706768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Global exposures to air pollution and cigarette smoke are novel in human evolutionary history and are associated with about 16 million premature deaths per year. We investigate the history of the human exposome for relationships between novel environmental toxins and genetic changes during human evolution in six phases. Phase I: With increased walking on savannas, early human ancestors inhaled crustal dust, fecal aerosols, and spores; carrion scavenging introduced new infectious pathogens. Phase II: Domestic fire exposed early Homo to novel toxins from smoke and cooking. Phases III and IV: Neolithic to preindustrial Homo sapiens incurred infectious pathogens from domestic animals and dense communities with limited sanitation. Phase V: Industrialization introduced novel toxins from fossil fuels, industrial chemicals, and tobacco at the same time infectious pathogens were diminishing. Thereby, pathogen-driven causes of mortality were replaced by chronic diseases driven by sterile inflammogens, exogenous and endogenous. Phase VI: Considers future health during global warming with increased air pollution and infections. We hypothesize that adaptation to some ancient toxins persists in genetic variations associated with inflammation and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Trumble
- School of Human Evolution & Social Change and Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University Tempe, Arizona 85287 USA
| | - Caleb E Finch
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology and Dornsife College, University of Southern California Los Angeles, California 90089-0191 USA
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43
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Safi-Stibler S, Gabory A. Epigenetics and the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease: Parental environment signalling to the epigenome, critical time windows and sculpting the adult phenotype. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 97:172-180. [PMID: 31587964 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The literature about Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) studies is considerably growing. Maternal and paternal environment, during all the development of the individual from gametogenesis to weaning and beyond, as well as the psychosocial environment in childhood and teenage, can shape the adult and the elderly person's susceptibility to her/his own environment and diseases. This non-conventional, non-genetic, inheritance is underlain by several mechanisms among which epigenetics is obviously central, due to the notion of memory of early decisional events during development even when this stimulus is gone, that is implied in Waddington's developmental concept. This review first summarizes the different mechanisms by which the environment can model the epigenome: receptor signalling, energy metabolism and signal mechanotransduction from extracellular matrix to chromatin. Then an overview of the epigenetic changes in response to maternal environment during the vulnerability time windows, gametogenesis, early development, placentation and foetal growth, and postnatal period, is described, with the specific example of overnutrition and food deprivation. The implication of epigenetics in DOHaD is obvious, however the precise causal chain from early environment to the epigenome modifications to the phenotype still needs to be deciphered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiane Safi-Stibler
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Anne Gabory
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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Wróblewski A, Strycharz J, Świderska E, Drewniak K, Drzewoski J, Szemraj J, Kasznicki J, Śliwińska A. Molecular Insight into the Interaction between Epigenetics and Leptin in Metabolic Disorders. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081872. [PMID: 31408957 PMCID: PMC6723573 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, it is well-known that the deregulation of epigenetic machinery is a common biological event leading to the development and progression of metabolic disorders. Moreover, the expression level and actions of leptin, a vast adipocytokine regulating energy metabolism, appear to be strongly associated with epigenetics. Therefore, the aim of this review was to summarize the current knowledge of the epigenetic regulation of leptin as well as the leptin-induced epigenetic modifications in metabolic disorders and associated phenomena. The collected data indicated that the deregulation of leptin expression and secretion that occurs during the course of metabolic diseases is underlain by a variation in the level of promoter methylation, the occurrence of histone modifications, along with miRNA interference. Furthermore, leptin was proven to epigenetically regulate several miRNAs and affect the activity of the histone deacetylases. These epigenetic modifications were observed in obesity, gestational diabetes, metabolic syndrome and concerned various molecular processes like glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, liver fibrosis, obesity-related carcinogenesis, adipogenesis or fetal/early postnatal programming. Moreover, the circulating miRNA profiles were associated with the plasma leptin level in metabolic syndrome, and miRNAs were found to be involved in hypothalamic leptin sensitivity. In summary, the evidence suggests that leptin is both a target and a mediator of epigenetic changes that develop in numerous tissues during metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Wróblewski
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Str., 92-215 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Justyna Strycharz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Str., 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Świderska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Str., 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Drewniak
- Student Scientific Society of the Civilization Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Józef Drzewoski
- Central Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Str., 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Kasznicki
- Department of Internal Diseases, Diabetology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Śliwińska
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland.
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Jeung WH, Nam W, Kim HJ, Kim JY, Nam B, Jang SS, Lee JL, Sim JH, Park SD. Oral Administration of Lactobacillus curvatus HY7601 and Lactobacillus plantarum KY1032 with Cinnamomi Ramulus Extract Reduces Diet-Induced Obesity and Modulates Gut Microbiota. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2019; 24:136-143. [PMID: 31328117 PMCID: PMC6615350 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2019.24.2.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major health issue worldwide, and is associated with many diseases including type 2 diabetes. In this study, we evaluated the anti-obesity effects of combinations of two lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Lactobacillus curvatus HY7601 and Lactobacillus plantarum KY1032, and Cinnamomi Ramulus (CR) extract, and explored the mechanism through which they modulate gut microbiota using diet-induced obese mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into five groups that received a high-fat diet (HFD), HFD and LAB (HFD+LAB), HFD and CR extract (HFD+CR), HFD with LAB and CR extract (HFD+LAB+CR), or normal diet for 10 weeks. The mice in the HFD+LAB+CR group showed significant reductions in body weight gain, in particular epididymal fat and liver, blood leptin levels, and an increase in the levels of blood adiponectin. In addition, the LAB and CR extract altered the gut microbiota, mainly increasing the alpha diversity. These results demonstrate that a mixture of two LAB (Lactobacillus curvatus HY7601 and Lactobacillus plantarum KY1032) and CR extracts alleviate HFD-induced obesity, and has potential of being used as a strategy for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woon Hee Jeung
- R&BD Center, Korea Yakult Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi 17086, Korea
| | - Woo Nam
- R&BD Center, Korea Yakult Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi 17086, Korea
| | - Hyeon Ji Kim
- R&BD Center, Korea Yakult Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi 17086, Korea
| | - Joo Yun Kim
- R&BD Center, Korea Yakult Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi 17086, Korea
| | - Bora Nam
- R&BD Center, Korea Yakult Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi 17086, Korea
| | - Sung Sik Jang
- R&BD Center, Korea Yakult Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi 17086, Korea
| | - Jung-Lyoul Lee
- R&BD Center, Korea Yakult Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi 17086, Korea
| | - Jae-Hun Sim
- R&BD Center, Korea Yakult Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi 17086, Korea
| | - Soo-Dong Park
- R&BD Center, Korea Yakult Co., Ltd., Gyeonggi 17086, Korea
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Hafner H, Chang E, Carlson Z, Zhu A, Varghese M, Clemente J, Abrishami S, Bagchi DP, MacDougald OA, Singer K, Gregg B. Lactational High-Fat Diet Exposure Programs Metabolic Inflammation and Bone Marrow Adiposity in Male Offspring. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061393. [PMID: 31234301 PMCID: PMC6628038 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Overnutrition during critical windows of development plays a significant role in life-long metabolic disease risk. Early exposure to excessive nutrition may result in altered programming leading to increased susceptibility to obesity, inflammation, and metabolic complications. This study investigated the programming effects of high-fat diet (HFD) exposure during the lactation period on offspring adiposity and inflammation. Female C57Bl/6J dams were fed a normal diet or a 60% HFD during lactation. Offspring were weaned onto a normal diet until 12 weeks of age when half were re-challenged with HFD for 12 weeks. Metabolic testing was performed throughout adulthood. At 24 weeks, adipose depots were isolated and evaluated for macrophage profiling and inflammatory gene expression. Males exposed to HFD during lactation had insulin resistance and glucose intolerance as adults. After re-introduction to HFD, males had increased weight gain and worsened insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. There was increased infiltration of pro-inflammatory CD11c+ adipose tissue macrophages, and bone marrow was primed to produce granulocytes and macrophages. Bone density was lower due to enhanced marrow adiposity. This study demonstrates that maternal HFD exposure during the lactational window programs offspring adiposity, inflammation, and impaired glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Hafner
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
| | - Eric Chang
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
| | - Zach Carlson
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
| | - Allen Zhu
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
| | - Mita Varghese
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
| | - Jeremy Clemente
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
| | - Simin Abrishami
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
| | - Devika P Bagchi
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
| | - Ormond A MacDougald
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
| | - Kanakadurga Singer
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
| | - Brigid Gregg
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
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Breastfeeding duration is associated with offspring’s adherence to prudent dietary pattern in adulthood: results from the Nutritionist’s Health Study. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2019; 11:136-145. [DOI: 10.1017/s204017441900031x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractLittle is known about the long-term effect of breastfeeding on dietary habits. We examined the association between breastfeeding duration and adherence to current dietary patterns of young women. This was a cross-sectional analysis of 587 healthy women aged ≤45 years, undergraduates or nutrition graduates. Maternal characteristics and breastfeeding duration [<6; 6–<12; ≥12 months (reference)] were recalled. Diet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and patterns were identified using factor analysis by principal component. Adherence to patterns was categorized in tertiles; the first (T1 = reference) was compared to T2 + T3 (moderate-to-high adherence). Logistic regression was performed considering the minimal sufficient adjustment recommended by the directed acyclic graph. Median age was 22 (interquartile range (IQR) 20; 27) years and body mass index (BMI) 22.2 (IQR 20.4; 25.0) kg/m2. The four dietary patterns identified (Processed, Prudent, Brazilian and Lacto-vegetarian) explained 27% of diet variance. Women breastfed for <6 months showed lower chance of moderate-to-high adherence to the Prudent pattern (odds ratio (OR) = 0.53, p = 0.04). Breastfeeding was not associated with the other patterns. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was directly associated with moderate-to-high adherence to the Processed pattern (OR = 2.01, p = 0.03) and inversely to the Prudent pattern (OR = 0.52, p = 0.02). Higher adherence to the Brazilian pattern was associated with proxies of low socioeconomic status and the Lacto-vegetarian pattern with the opposite. Confirmation in prospective studies of the association found in this study between breastfeeding with the Prudent pattern in adult offspring could suggest that early feeding practices influence long-term dietary habits, which could then affect the risk of nutrition-related diseases.
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Sun W, von Meyenn F, Peleg‐Raibstein D, Wolfrum C. Environmental and Nutritional Effects Regulating Adipose Tissue Function and Metabolism Across Generations. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1900275. [PMID: 31179229 PMCID: PMC6548959 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The unabated rise in obesity prevalence during the last 40 years has spurred substantial interest in understanding the reasons for this epidemic. Studies in mice and humans have demonstrated that obesity is a highly heritable disease; however genetic variations within specific populations have so far not been able to explain this phenomenon to its full extent. Recent work has demonstrated that environmental cues can be sensed by an organism to elicit lasting changes, which in turn can affect systemic energy metabolism by different epigenetic mechanisms such as changes in small noncoding RNA expression, DNA methylation patterns, as well as histone modifications. These changes can directly modulate cellular function in response to environmental cues, however research during the last decade has demonstrated that some of these modifications might be transmitted to subsequent generations, thus modulating energy metabolism of the progeny in an inter- as well as transgenerational manner. In this context, adipose tissue has become a focus of research due to its plasticity, which allows the formation of energy storing (white) as well as energy wasting (brown/brite/beige) cells within the same depot. In this Review, the effects of environmental induced obesity with a particular focus on adipose tissue are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Sun
- Department of Health Science and TechnologiesETH ZürichSchorenstrasse 16SchwerzenbachCH‐8603Switzerland
| | - Ferdinand von Meyenn
- Department of Health Science and TechnologiesETH ZürichSchorenstrasse 16SchwerzenbachCH‐8603Switzerland
| | - Daria Peleg‐Raibstein
- Department of Health Science and TechnologiesETH ZürichSchorenstrasse 16SchwerzenbachCH‐8603Switzerland
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Department of Health Science and TechnologiesETH ZürichSchorenstrasse 16SchwerzenbachCH‐8603Switzerland
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Christians JK, Lennie KI, Wild LK, Garcha R. Effects of high-fat diets on fetal growth in rodents: a systematic review. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2019; 17:39. [PMID: 30992002 PMCID: PMC6469066 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-019-0482-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal nutrition during pregnancy has life-long consequences for offspring. However, the effects of maternal overnutrition and/ or obesity on fetal growth remain poorly understood, e.g., it is not clear why birthweight is increased in some obese pregnancies but not in others. Maternal obesity is frequently studied using rodents on high-fat diets, but effects on fetal growth are inconsistent. The purpose of this review is to identify factors that contribute to reduced or increased fetal growth in rodent models of maternal overnutrition. METHODS We searched Web of Science and screened 2173 abstracts and 328 full texts for studies that fed mice or rats diets providing ~ 45% or ~ 60% calories from fat for 3 weeks or more prior to pregnancy. We identified 36 papers matching the search criteria that reported birthweight or fetal weight. RESULTS Studies that fed 45% fat diets to mice or 60% fat diets to rats generally did not show effects on fetal growth. Feeding a 45% fat diet to rats generally reduced birth and fetal weight. Feeding mice a 60% fat diet for 4-9 weeks prior to pregnancy tended to increase in fetal growth, whereas feeding this diet for a longer period tended to reduce fetal growth. CONCLUSIONS The high-fat diets used most often with rodents do not closely match Western diets and frequently reduce fetal growth, which is not a typical feature of obese human pregnancies. Adoption of standard protocols that more accurately mimic effects on fetal growth observed in obese human pregnancies will improve translational impact in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian K. Christians
- 0000 0004 1936 7494grid.61971.38Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Kendra I. Lennie
- 0000 0004 1936 7494grid.61971.38Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Lisa K. Wild
- 0000 0004 1936 7494grid.61971.38Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Raajan Garcha
- 0000 0004 1936 7494grid.61971.38Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada
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Zhang Q, Xiao X, Zheng J, Li M, Yu M, Ping F, Wang T, Wang X. A Maternal High-Fat Diet Induces DNA Methylation Changes That Contribute to Glucose Intolerance in Offspring. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:871. [PMID: 31920981 PMCID: PMC6923194 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Scope: Overnutrition in utero is a critical contributor to the susceptibility of diabetes by programming, although the exact mechanism is not clear. In this paper, we aimed to study the long-term effect of a maternal high-fat (HF) diet on offspring through epigenetic modifications. Procedures: Five-week-old female C57BL6/J mice were fed a HF diet or control diet for 4 weeks before mating and throughout gestation and lactation. At postnatal week 3, pups continued to consume a HF or switched to a control diet for 5 weeks, resulting in four groups of offspring differing by their maternal and postweaning diets. Results: The maternal HF diet combined with the offspring HF diet caused hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in male pups. Even after changing to the control diet, male pups exposed to the maternal HF diet still exhibited hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. The livers of pups exposed to a maternal HF diet had a hypermethylated insulin receptor substrate 2 (Irs2) gene and a hypomethylated mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (Map2k4) gene. Correspondingly, the expression of the Irs2 gene decreased and that of Map2k4 increased in pups exposed to a maternal HF diet. Conclusion: Maternal overnutrition programs long-term epigenetic modifications, namely, Irs2 and Map2k4 gene methylation in the offspring liver, which in turn predisposes the offspring to diabetes later in life.
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