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Sottnik JL, Shackleford MT, Robinson SK, Villagomez FR, Bahnassy S, Oesterreich S, Hu J, Madak-Erdogan Z, Riggins RB, Corr BR, Cook LS, Treviño LS, Bitler BG, Sikora MJ. WNT4 Regulates Cellular Metabolism via Intracellular Activity at the Mitochondria in Breast and Gynecologic Cancers. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:134-151. [PMID: 38112643 PMCID: PMC10793200 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Wnt ligand WNT4 is critical in female reproductive tissue development, with WNT4 dysregulation linked to related pathologies including breast cancer (invasive lobular carcinoma, ILC) and gynecologic cancers. WNT4 signaling in these contexts is distinct from canonical Wnt signaling yet inadequately understood. We previously identified atypical intracellular activity of WNT4 (independent of Wnt secretion) regulating mitochondrial function, and herein examine intracellular functions of WNT4. We further examine how convergent mechanisms of WNT4 dysregulation impact cancer metabolism. In ILC, WNT4 is co-opted by estrogen receptor α (ER) via genomic binding in WNT4 intron 1, while in gynecologic cancers, a common genetic polymorphism (rs3820282) at this ER binding site alters WNT4 regulation. Using proximity biotinylation (BioID), we show canonical Wnt ligand WNT3A is trafficked for secretion, but WNT4 is localized to the cytosol and mitochondria. We identified DHRS2, mTOR, and STAT1 as putative WNT4 cytosolic/mitochondrial signaling partners. Whole metabolite profiling, and integrated transcriptomic data, support that WNT4 mediates metabolic reprogramming via fatty acid and amino acid metabolism. Furthermore, ovarian cancer cell lines with rs3820282 variant genotype are WNT4 dependent and have active WNT4 metabolic signaling. In protein array analyses of a cohort of 103 human gynecologic tumors enriched for patient diversity, germline rs3820282 genotype is associated with metabolic remodeling. Variant genotype tumors show increased AMPK activation and downstream signaling, with the highest AMPK signaling activity in variant genotype tumors from non-White patients. Taken together, atypical intracellular WNT4 signaling, in part via genetic dysregulation, regulates the distinct metabolic phenotypes of ILC and gynecologic cancers. SIGNIFICANCE WNT4 regulates breast and gynecologic cancer metabolism via a previously unappreciated intracellular signaling mechanism at the mitochondria, with WNT4 mediating metabolic remodeling. Understanding WNT4 dysregulation by estrogen and genetic polymorphism offers new opportunities for defining tumor biology, precision therapeutics, and personalized cancer risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L. Sottnik
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Sydney K. Robinson
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Fabian R. Villagomez
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Shaymaa Bahnassy
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Steffi Oesterreich
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Junxiao Hu
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Zeynep Madak-Erdogan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Cancer Center at Illinois, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois
| | - Rebecca B. Riggins
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Bradley R. Corr
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Linda S. Cook
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Lindsey S. Treviño
- Depratment of Population Sciences, Division of Health Equities, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Benjamin G. Bitler
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Matthew J. Sikora
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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2
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Ke CH, Lin CN, Lin CS. Hormone, Targeted, and Combinational Therapies for Breast Cancers: From Humans to Dogs. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:732. [PMID: 38255807 PMCID: PMC10815110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent cancer in women. In female dogs, canine mammary gland tumor (CMT) is also the leading neoplasm. Comparative oncology indicates similar tumor behaviors between human BCs (HBCs) and CMTs. Therefore, this review summarizes the current research in hormone and targeted therapies and describes the future prospects for HBCs and CMTs. For hormone receptor-expressing BCs, the first medical intervention is hormone therapy. Monoclonal antibodies against Her2 are proposed for the treatment of Her2+ BCs. However, the major obstacle in hormone therapy or monoclonal antibodies is drug resistance. Therefore, increasing alternatives have been developed to overcome these difficulties. We systemically reviewed publications that reported inhibitors targeting certain molecules in BC cells. The various treatment choices for humans decrease mortality in females with BC. However, the development of hormone or targeted therapies in veterinary medicine is still limited. Even though some clinical trials have been proposed, severe side effects and insufficient case numbers might restrict further explorations. This difficulty highlights the urgent need to develop updated hormone/targeted therapy or novel immunotherapies. Therefore, exploring new therapies to provide more precise use in dogs with CMTs will be the focus of future research. Furthermore, due to the similarities shared by humans and dogs, well-planned prospective clinical trials on the use of combinational or novel immunotherapies in dogs with CMTs to obtain solid results for both humans and dogs can be reasonably anticipated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Hsu Ke
- Sustainable Swine Research Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; (C.-H.K.); (C.-N.L.)
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Nan Lin
- Sustainable Swine Research Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan; (C.-H.K.); (C.-N.L.)
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Si Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Kay JE, Brody JG, Schwarzman M, Rudel RA. Application of the Key Characteristics Framework to Identify Potential Breast Carcinogens Using Publicly Available in Vivo, in Vitro, and in Silico Data. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:17002. [PMID: 38197648 PMCID: PMC10777819 DOI: 10.1289/ehp13233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemicals that induce mammary tumors in rodents or activate estrogen or progesterone signaling are likely to increase breast cancer (BC) risk. Identifying chemicals with these activities can prompt steps to protect human health. OBJECTIVES We compiled data on rodent tumors, endocrine activity, and genotoxicity to assess the key characteristics (KCs) of rodent mammary carcinogens (MCs), and to identify other chemicals that exhibit these effects and may therefore increase BC risk. METHODS Using authoritative databases, including International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs and the US Environmental Protection's (EPA) ToxCast, we selected chemicals that induce mammary tumors in rodents, stimulate estradiol or progesterone synthesis, or activate the estrogen receptor (ER) in vitro. We classified these chemicals by their genotoxicity and strength of endocrine activity and calculated the overrepresentation (enrichment) of these KCs among MCs. Finally, we evaluated whether these KCs predict whether a chemical is likely to induce mammary tumors. RESULTS We identified 279 MCs and an additional 642 chemicals that stimulate estrogen or progesterone signaling. MCs were significantly enriched for steroidogenicity, ER agonism, and genotoxicity, supporting the use of these KCs to predict whether a chemical is likely to induce rodent mammary tumors and, by inference, increase BC risk. More MCs were steroidogens than ER agonists, and many increased both estradiol and progesterone. Enrichment among MCs was greater for strong endocrine activity vs. weak or inactive, with a significant trend. DISCUSSION We identified hundreds of compounds that have biological activities that could increase BC risk and demonstrated that these activities are enriched among MCs. We argue that many of these should not be considered low hazard without investigating their ability to affect the breast, and chemicals with the strongest evidence can be targeted for exposure reduction. We describe ways to strengthen hazard identification, including improved assessments for mammary effects, developing assays for more KCs, and more comprehensive chemical testing. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13233.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Megan Schwarzman
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Family and Community Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Cereser B, Yiu A, Tabassum N, Del Bel Belluz L, Zagorac S, Ancheta KRZ, Zhong R, Miere C, Jeffries-Jones AR, Moderau N, Werner B, Stebbing J. The mutational landscape of the adult healthy parous and nulliparous human breast. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5136. [PMID: 37673861 PMCID: PMC10482899 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40608-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of somatic mutations in healthy human tissues has been extensively characterized, but the mutational landscape of the healthy breast is still poorly understood. Our analysis of whole-genome sequencing shows that in line with other healthy organs, the healthy breast during the reproduction years accumulates mutations with age, with the rate of accumulation in the epithelium of 15.24 ± 5 mutations/year. Both epithelial and stromal compartments contain mutations in breast-specific driver genes, indicative of subsequent positive selection. Parity- and age-associated differences are evident in the mammary epithelium, partly explaining the observed difference in breast cancer risk amongst women of different childbearing age. Parity is associated with an age-dependent increase in the clone size of mutated epithelial cells, suggesting that older first-time mothers have a higher probability of accumulating oncogenic events in the epithelium compared to younger mothers or nulliparous women. In conclusion, we describe the reference genome of the healthy female human breast during reproductive years and provide evidence of how parity affects the genomic landscape of the mammary gland.
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Grants
- British Heart Foundation
- British Heart Foundation (BHF)
- The work is funded by Action Against Cancer (grants P62625, BC; P66683, NT; P66814, LDDB; P63015, SZ; P71728, NM), UKRI-IBIN (grant P82771, NM), UKRI-OOACTN (grant P91025, NM), British Heart Foundation (grant F36083, AY), Barts Charity Lectureship (grant MGU045, BW).
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Affiliation(s)
- Biancastella Cereser
- Cancer Genetics Group, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Angela Yiu
- Cancer Genetics Group, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Neha Tabassum
- Cancer Genetics Group, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lisa Del Bel Belluz
- Cancer Genetics Group, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sladjana Zagorac
- Cancer Genetics Group, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Molecular Oncology Programme, Growth Factors, Nutrients and Cancer Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kenneth Russell Zapanta Ancheta
- Cancer Genetics Group, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, UK
| | - Rongrong Zhong
- Cancer Genetics Group, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Cristian Miere
- Cancer Genetics Group, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Nina Moderau
- Cancer Genetics Group, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Benjamin Werner
- Evolutionary Dynamics Group, Centre for Cancer Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Justin Stebbing
- Cancer Genetics Group, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Department of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), Cambridge, UK.
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5
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Bustamante Eduardo M, Keller I, Schuster N, Aebi S, Jaggi R. Molecular characterization of breast cancer cell pools with normal or reduced ability to respond to progesterone: a study based on RNA-seq. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:81. [PMID: 37550554 PMCID: PMC10406740 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00541-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND About one-third of patients with estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-positive breast cancer have tumors which are progesterone receptor (PR) negative. PR is an important prognostic factor in breast cancer. Patients with ERα-positive/PR-negative tumors have shorter disease-free and overall survival than patients with ERα-positive/PR-positive tumors. New evidence has shown that progesterone (P4) has an anti-proliferative effect in ERα-positive breast cancer cells. However, the role of PR in breast cancer is only poorly understood. METHODS We disrupted the PR gene (PGR) in ERα-positive/PR-positive T-47D cells using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. This resulted in cell pools we termed PR-low as P4 mediated effects were inhibited or blocked compared to control T-47D cells. We analyzed the gene expression profiles of PR-low and control T-47D cells in the absence of hormone and upon treatment with P4 alone or P4 together with estradiol (E2). Differentially expressed (DE) genes between experimental groups were characterized based on RNA-seq and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses. RESULTS The overall gene expression pattern was very similar between untreated PR-low and untreated control T-47D cells. More than 6000 genes were DE in control T-47D cells upon stimulation with P4 or P4 plus E2. When PR-low pools were subjected to the same hormonal treatment, up- or downregulation was either blocked/absent or consistently lower. We identified more than 3000 genes that were DE between hormone-treated PR-low and control T-47D cells. GO analysis revealed seven significantly enriched biological processes affected by PR and associated with G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) pathways which have been described to support growth, invasiveness, and metastasis in breast cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides new insights into the complex role of PR in ERα-positive/PR-positive breast cancer cells. Many of the genes affected by PR are part of central biological processes of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Bustamante Eduardo
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA.
| | - Irene Keller
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Schuster
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Aebi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cantonal Hospital, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Jaggi
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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6
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Schandiz H, Park D, Kaiser YL, Lyngra M, Talleraas IS, Geisler J, Sauer T. Subtypes of high-grade breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS): incidence and potential clinical impact. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023:10.1007/s10549-023-07016-9. [PMID: 37453021 PMCID: PMC10361903 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-07016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate and classify the molecular subtypes of high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and identify possible high-risk subtypes. The heterogenicity of DCIS with variable clinical and histopathological presentations has been recognized. Nevertheless, only histopathological grading and diameter are currently implemented in clinical decision-making following the diagnosis of DCIS. The molecular subtypes of DCIS and their IHC surrogate markers have not been defined in conventional treatment guidelines and recommendations. We applied the definitions of molecular subtypes according to the IHC surrogate markers defined for IBC and subclassified high-grade DCIS, accordingly. METHODS Histopathological specimens were collected, revised, and regraded from 494 patients diagnosed with DCIS between 1996 and 2018. Other in situ and papillary lesions observed in breast biopsies were excluded from this study. 357 high-grade DCIS cases were submitted to IHC analysis. The markers investigated were ER, PR, HER2, and Ki67. RESULTS 45 cases were classified as grade 1, 19 as grade 2, and 430 as grade 3. Sixty patients with high-grade DCIS had an additional invasive component in the surgical specimen. Thirty-three patients were diagnosed with recurrent DCIS or invasive cancer (minimum one year after their primary DCIS diagnosis). The proportions of luminal A and luminal B HER2-negative subtypes varied depending on whether 2011 or 2013 St. Gallen Consensus Conference guidelines were adopted. Luminal A was the most prevalent subtype, according to both classifications. The luminal B HER2-positive subtype was found in 22.1% of cases, HER2-enriched subtype in 21.8%, and TPN subtype in 5.6%. There were strong indications that HER2-enriched subtype was significantly more frequent among DCIS with invasive component (p = 0.0169). CONCLUSIONS High-grade DCIS exhibits all the molecular subtypes previously identified in IBC, but with a somewhat different distribution in our cohort. HER2-enriched subtype is substantially related to the presence of an invasive component in DCIS; consequently, it is regarded as a high-risk entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Schandiz
- Department of Pathology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.
| | - Daehoon Park
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yan Liu Kaiser
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital (AHUS), Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Marianne Lyngra
- Department of Pathology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | | | - Jürgen Geisler
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Campus AHUS, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torill Sauer
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Campus AHUS, Oslo, Norway
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Pereira NRM, Naufel MF, Tufik S, Hachul H. Is There a Relationship between Diet and Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women? Nutr Cancer 2022; 75:140-142. [PMID: 35938514 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2106376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sergio Tufik
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena Hachul
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Nikoo M, Rudiansyah M, Bokov DO, Jainakbaev N, Suksatan W, Ansari MJ, Thangavelu L, Chupradit S, Zamani A, Adili A, Shomali N, Akbari M. Potential of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-redirected immune cells in breast cancer therapies: Recent advances. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4137-4156. [PMID: 35762299 PMCID: PMC9344815 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite substantial developments in conventional treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, endocrine therapy, and molecular-targeted therapy, breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer mortality in women. Currently, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-redirected immune cell therapy has emerged as an innovative immunotherapeutic approach to ameliorate survival rates of breast cancer patients by eliciting cytotoxic activity against cognate tumour-associated antigens expressing tumour cells. As a crucial component of adaptive immunity, T cells and NK cells, as the central innate immune cells, are two types of pivotal candidates for CAR engineering in treating solid malignancies. However, the biological distinctions between NK cells- and T cells lead to differences in cancer immunotherapy outcomes. Likewise, optimal breast cancer removal via CAR-redirected immune cells requires detecting safe target antigens, improving CAR structure for ideal immune cell functions, promoting CAR-redirected immune cells filtration to the tumour microenvironment (TME), and increasing the ability of these engineered cells to persist and retain within the immunosuppressive TME. This review provides a concise overview of breast cancer pathogenesis and its hostile TME. We focus on the CAR-T and CAR-NK cells and discuss their significant differences. Finally, we deliver a summary based on recent advancements in the therapeutic capability of CAR-T and CAR-NK cells in treating breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Nikoo
- Department of Immunology, School of MedicineKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Mohammad Rudiansyah
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversitas Lambung Mangkurat / Ulin HospitalBanjarmasinIndonesia
| | - Dmitry Olegovich Bokov
- Institute of PharmacySechenov First Moscow State Medical UniversityMoscowRussian Federation
- Laboratory of Food ChemistryFederal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food SafetyMoscowRussian Federation
| | | | - Wanich Suksatan
- Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical ScienceChulabhorn Royal AcademyBangkokThailand
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of PharmacyPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl‐kharjSaudi Arabia
| | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical ScienceSaveetha UniversityChennaiIndia
| | - Supat Chupradit
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical SciencesChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
| | - Amir Zamani
- Shiraz Transplant Center, Abu Ali Sina HospitalShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Ali Adili
- Department of OncologyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
- Senior Adult Oncology Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Navid Shomali
- Department of ImmunologyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Morteza Akbari
- Department of ImmunologyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
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9
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Physiological background parenchymal uptake of 18F-FDG in normal breast tissues using dedicated breast PET: correlation with mammographic breast composition, menopausal status, and menstrual cycle. Ann Nucl Med 2022; 36:728-735. [PMID: 35610443 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-022-01754-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the effects of age, mammographic density, menopausal status, and menstrual cycle on background parenchymal uptake (BPU) using ring-shaped dedicated breast positron emission tomography (dbPET). METHODS This study included 186 adult women who underwent mammography and dbPET on the same day and had no abnormalities classified as Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category 1 on both examinations. The volume of interest (VOI) was placed in the glandular tissue of both breasts, and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean), and metabolic breast volume (MBV) were measured as indicators of BPU. We analyzed the correlation between BPU and age, mammographic density, menopausal status, and menstrual cycle. RESULTS The SUVmax and SUVmean for normal breast tissue were inversely correlated with age (both p < 0.001). The SUVmax, SUVmean, and MBV of mammographically dense breast tissues were significantly higher than those of non-dense breast tissues (all p < 0.001). The SUVmax, SUVmean, and MBV of normal breast tissue in premenopausal women were significantly higher than those in postmenopausal women (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.002, respectively). In the study, 59 premenopausal women, the SUVmax of normal breast tissue in the menstrual-follicular phase was significantly lower than that in the periovulatory-luteal phase (p = 0.02). When we sorted the premenopausal women by mammographic breast composition, the SUVmax and SUVmean of normal breast tissues in the menstrual-follicular phase were significantly lower than those in the periovulatory-luteal phase in the 44 premenopausal women with dense breasts (p = 0.007, and p = 0.038, respectively), whereas no statistically significant difference was found between the menstrual-follicular phase and the periovulatory-luteal phase in the 15 premenopausal women with non-dense breasts. CONCLUSIONS BPU in normal breast tissues assessed using ring-shaped dbPET was associated with mammographic density, menopausal status, and women's menstrual cycle. The menstrual cycle was significantly associated with BPU in premenopausal women with dense breasts but not in women with non-dense breasts.
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Kumar R, Abreu C, Toi M, Saini S, Casimiro S, Arora A, Paul AM, Velaga R, Rameshwar P, Lipton A, Gupta S, Costa L. Oncobiology and treatment of breast cancer in young women. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:749-770. [PMID: 35488982 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10034-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Female breast cancer emerged as the leading cancer type in terms of incidence globally in 2020. Although mortality due to breast cancer has improved during the past three decades in many countries, this trend has reversed in women less than 40 years since the past decade. From the biological standpoint, there is consensus among experts regarding the clinically relevant definition of breast cancer in young women (BCYW), with an age cut-off of 40 years. The idea that breast cancer is an aging disease has apparently broken in the case of BCYW due to the young onset and an overall poor outcome of BCYW patients. In general, younger patients exhibit a worse prognosis than older pre- and postmenopausal patients due to the aggressive nature of cancer subtypes, a high percentage of cases with advanced stages at diagnosis, and a high risk of relapse and death in younger patients. Because of clinically and biologically unique features of BCYW, it is suspected to represent a distinct biologic entity. It is unclear why BCYW is more aggressive and has an inferior prognosis with factors that contribute to increased incidence. However, unique developmental features, adiposity and immune components of the mammary gland, hormonal interplay and crosstalk with growth factors, and a host of intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors and cellular regulatory interactions are considered to be the major contributing factors. In the present article, we discuss the status of BCYW oncobiology, therapeutic interventions and considerations, current limitations in fully understanding the basis and underlying cause(s) of BCYW, understudied areas of BCYW research, and postulated advances in the coming years for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- Cancer Research Institute, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, India. .,Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, India. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA. .,Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Catarina Abreu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital de Santa Maria- Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Masakazu Toi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sunil Saini
- Cancer Research Institute, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, India
| | - Sandra Casimiro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular-João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Anshika Arora
- Cancer Research Institute, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, India
| | - Aswathy Mary Paul
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, India
| | - Ravi Velaga
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Pranela Rameshwar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Allan Lipton
- Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Penn State University School of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Sudeep Gupta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre and Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Luis Costa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital de Santa Maria- Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular-João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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11
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Zhou R, Hu Z, Pan J, Wang J, Pei Y. Current research status of alkaloids against breast cancer. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2022; 65:12-20. [DOI: 10.4103/cjp.cjp_89_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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12
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Varsha M, Senthil Kumar P, Senthil Rathi B. A review on recent trends in the removal of emerging contaminants from aquatic environment using low-cost adsorbents. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132270. [PMID: 34560497 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Emerging contaminants (ECs), a class of contaminants with low concentrations but significant harm, have received a lot of attention in recent times. ECs comprises of various chemicals that enter the environment every day. In today's modern lifestyle, we use many chemical-based products. These persist in wastewater and ultimately enter the water bodies, causing serious problems to the human and aquatic ecosystem. This is because the conventional wastewater treatment methods are inefficient in identifying and removing such contaminants. Aiming for a long-term, effective solution to this issue, Adsorption was proposed. Although several adsorbents are already present in the market, which have proved beneficial in removing such ECs, not all are affordable. This article reviews replacing costly adsorbents with agriculture-based biomass that are abundant, inexpensive, and biodegradable and possess excellent adsorption capacity. The objectives of this article is to look at adsorption as a viable treatment option for emerging pollutants, as well as sophisticated and cost-effective emerging contaminants treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Varsha
- Deprtament of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Deprtament of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India.
| | - B Senthil Rathi
- Deprtament of Chemical Engineering, St. Joseph' College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India
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13
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Deng Y, Jin H. Effects of menopausal hormone therapy-based on the role of estrogens, progestogens, and their metabolites in proliferation of breast cancer cells. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 19:j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0344. [PMID: 34779589 PMCID: PMC9088189 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) has been widely used for the clinical treatment of symptoms associated with menopause in women. However, the exact nature of the relationship between MHT and the increased risk of breast cancer has not been fully elucidated. The results of the Women's Health Initiative's randomized controlled clinical studies showed that estrogen monotherapy was associated with a lower incidence of breast cancer as compared to estrogen-progesterone combined therapy, with an elevated risk of breast cancer. The evidence currently available from randomized trials and observational studies is based on data from different populations, drug formulations, and routes of administration. Even though the risks of MHT and breast cancer have received a great deal of attention, information regarding the unpredictable toxicological risks of estrogen and progestogen metabolism needs to be further analyzed. Furthermore, the diversity and complexity of the metabolic pathways of estrogen and different progestogens as well as the association of the different estrogen and progestogen metabolites with the increased risk of breast cancer need to be adequately studied. Therefore, this review aimed to describe the biological effects of estrogen, progesterone, and their metabolites on the proliferation of breast cancer cells, based on relevant basic research and clinical trials, to improve our understanding of the biological functions of estrogen and progestogen as well as the safety of MHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Hongyan Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
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Roles and action mechanisms of WNT4 in cell differentiation and human diseases: a review. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:287. [PMID: 34642299 PMCID: PMC8511224 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00668-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
WNT family member 4 (WNT4), which belongs to the conserved WNT protein family, plays an important role in the development and differentiation of many cell types during the embryonic development and adult homeostasis. Increasing evidence has shown that WNT4 is a special ligand that not only activates the β-catenin independent pathway but also acts on β-catenin signaling based on different cellular processes. This article is a summary of the current knowledge about the expression, regulation, and function of WNT4 ligands and their signal pathways in cell differentiation and human disease processes. WNT4 is a promoter in osteogenic differentiation in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) by participating in bone homeostasis regulation in osteoporotic diseases. Non-canonical WNT4 signaling is necessary for metabolic maturation of pancreatic β-cell. WNT4 is also necessary for decidual cell differentiation and decidualization, which plays an important role in preeclampsia. WNT4 promotes neuronal differentiation of neural stem cell and dendritic cell (DC) into conventional type 1 DC (cDC1). Besides, WNT4 mediates myofibroblast differentiation in the skin, kidney, lung, and liver during scarring or fibrosis. On the negative side, WNT4 is highly expressed in cancer tissues, playing a pro-carcinogenic role in many cancer types. This review provides an overview of the progress in elucidating the role of WNT4 signaling pathway components in cell differentiation in adults, which may provide useful clues for the diagnosis, prevention, and therapy of human diseases.
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15
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Kumar S, Freelander A, Lim E. Type 1 Nuclear Receptor Activity in Breast Cancer: Translating Preclinical Insights to the Clinic. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4972. [PMID: 34638457 PMCID: PMC8507977 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptor (NR) family of transcription factors is intimately associated with the development, progression and treatment of breast cancer. They are used diagnostically and prognostically, and crosstalk between nuclear receptor pathways and growth factor signalling has been demonstrated in all major subtypes of breast cancer. The majority of breast cancers are driven by estrogen receptor α (ER), and anti-estrogenic therapies remain the backbone of treatment, leading to clinically impactful improvements in patient outcomes. This serves as a blueprint for the development of therapies targeting other nuclear receptors. More recently, pivotal findings into modulating the progesterone (PR) and androgen receptors (AR), with accompanying mechanistic insights into NR crosstalk and interactions with other proliferative pathways, have led to clinical trials in all of the major breast cancer subtypes. A growing body of evidence now supports targeting other Type 1 nuclear receptors such as the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), as well as Type 2 NRs such as the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Here, we reviewed the existing preclinical insights into nuclear receptor activity in breast cancer, with a focus on Type 1 NRs. We also discussed the potential to translate these findings into improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar
- Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia; (A.F.); (E.L.)
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia
| | - Allegra Freelander
- Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia; (A.F.); (E.L.)
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia
| | - Elgene Lim
- Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia; (A.F.); (E.L.)
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst 2010, Australia
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16
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Galindo-Alvarez NL, Mendoza-Figueroa HL, Rosales-Hernández MC, Bakalara N, Correa-Basurto J. Decrease in Cell Viability of Breast Cancer Cells by a Di-Hydroxylated Derivative of N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-Propylpentanamide. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1802-1812. [PMID: 34525926 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210915100826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A preliminary study of the biotransformation by cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP) of N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propylpentanamide (HO-AAVPA), an HDAC inhibitor, led to the synthesis of two hydroxylated derivatives: N-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propylpentanamide (5a) and N-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propylpentanamide (5b). OBJECTIVE The study aims to evaluate the anti-proliferative activity of these di-hydroxylated derivatives in breast cancer cell lines. METHODS MTT assays were conducted in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Additionally, in silico studies were carried out to evaluate the affinity of these derivatives with the HDAC1 enzyme. RESULTS Results showed that only 5b possess an enhanced anti-proliferative effect in breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. Docking studies revealed that the presence of hydroxyl groups, as well as the position of the additional hydroxyl groups, could have an impact on HDAC1 affinity and could explain the lack of activity of compound 5a. CONCLUSION A priori, these results hypothesize that anti-proliferative activity of 5b could be related to HDAC1 inhibition and thus anti-proliferative activity in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Lizeth Galindo-Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation). Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México 11340. Mexico
| | - Humberto L Mendoza-Figueroa
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation). Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México 11340. Mexico
| | - Martha Cecilia Rosales-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México 11340. Mexico
| | - Norbert Bakalara
- Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, INM, U-1051, Univ. Montpellier, CHU de Montpellier, ENSCM, INSERM, Montpellier. France
| | - José Correa-Basurto
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation). Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Salvador Díaz Mirón s/n, Casco de Santo Tomás, Ciudad de México 11340. Mexico
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McHann MC, Blanton HL, Guindon J. Role of sex hormones in modulating breast and ovarian cancer associated pain. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 533:111320. [PMID: 34033890 PMCID: PMC8263503 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
According to the National Cancer Institute in 2020 there will be an estimated 21,750 new ovarian cancer cases and 276,480 new breast cancer cases. Both breast and ovarian cancer are hormone dependent cancers, meaning they cannot grow without the presence of hormones. The two most studied hormones in these two cancers are estrogen and progesterone, which are also involved in the modulation of pain. The incidence of pain in breast and ovarian cancer is very high. Research about mechanisms involved in modulation of pain by hormones are still being debated, as some studies find estrogen to be anti-nociceptive and others pro-nociceptive in pain studies. Moreover, analgesic treatments for breast and ovarian cancer-associated pain are limited and often ineffective. In this review, we will focus on estrogen and progesterone mechanisms of action in modulation of pain and cancer. We will also discuss new treatment options for these types of cancer and associated-pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa C McHann
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, USA
| | - Henry L Blanton
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, USA
| | - Josée Guindon
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, USA.
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18
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Pitzer LM, Moroney MR, Nokoff NJ, Sikora MJ. WNT4 Balances Development vs Disease in Gynecologic Tissues and Women's Health. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6272210. [PMID: 33963381 PMCID: PMC8197283 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The WNT family of proteins is crucial in numerous developmental pathways and tissue homeostasis. WNT4, in particular, is uniquely implicated in the development of the female phenotype in the fetus, and in the maintenance of müllerian and reproductive tissues. WNT4 dysfunction or dysregulation can drive sex-reversal syndromes, highlighting the key role of WNT4 in sex determination. WNT4 is also critical in gynecologic pathologies later in life, including several cancers, uterine fibroids, endometriosis, and infertility. The role of WNT4 in normal decidualization, implantation, and gestation is being increasingly appreciated, while aberrant activation of WNT4 signaling is being linked both to gynecologic and breast cancers. Notably, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the WNT4 gene locus are strongly associated with these pathologies and may functionally link estrogen and estrogen receptor signaling to upregulation and activation of WNT4 signaling. Importantly, in each of these developmental and disease states, WNT4 gene expression and downstream WNT4 signaling are regulated and executed by myriad tissue-specific pathways. Here, we review the roles of WNT4 in women's health with a focus on sex development, and gynecologic and breast pathologies, and our understanding of how WNT4 signaling is controlled in these contexts. Defining WNT4 functions provides a unique opportunity to link sex-specific signaling pathways to women's health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Pitzer
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Marisa R Moroney
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Natalie J Nokoff
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Matthew J Sikora
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
- Correspondence: Matthew J. Sikora, PhD; Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Mail Stop 8104, Research Complex 1 South, Rm 5117, 12801 E 17th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. . Twitter: @mjsikora
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Cardona B, Rudel RA. Application of an in Vitro Assay to Identify Chemicals That Increase Estradiol and Progesterone Synthesis and Are Potential Breast Cancer Risk Factors. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:77003. [PMID: 34287026 PMCID: PMC8293912 DOI: 10.1289/ehp8608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Established breast cancer risk factors, such as hormone replacement therapy and reproductive history, are thought to act by increasing estrogen and progesterone (P4) activity. OBJECTIVE We aimed to use in vitro screening data to identify chemicals that increase the synthesis of estradiol (E2) or P4 and evaluate potential risks. METHOD Using data from a high-throughput (HT) in vitro steroidogenesis assay developed for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ToxCast program, we identified chemicals that increased estradiol (E2-up) or progesterone (P4-up) in human H295R adrenocortical carcinoma cells. We prioritized chemicals by their activity. We compiled in vivo studies and assessments about carcinogenicity and reproductive/developmental (repro/dev) toxicity. We identified exposure sources and predicted intakes from the U.S. EPA's ExpoCast. RESULTS We found 296 chemicals increased E2 (182) or P4 (185), with 71 chemicals increasing both. In vivo data often showed effects consistent with this mechanism. Of the E2- and P4-up chemicals, about 30% were likely repro/dev toxicants or carcinogens, whereas only 5-13% were classified as unlikely. However, most of the chemicals had insufficient in vivo data to evaluate their effects. Of 45 chemicals associated with mammary gland effects, and also tested in the H294R assay, 29 increased E2 or P4, including the well-known mammary carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. E2- and P4-up chemicals include pesticides, consumer product ingredients, food additives, and drinking water contaminants. DISCUSSION The U.S. EPA's in vitro screening data identified several hundred chemicals that should be considered as potential risk factors for breast cancer because they increased E2 or P4 synthesis. In vitro data is a helpful addition to current toxicity assessments, which are not sensitive to mammary gland effects. Relevant effects on the mammary gland are often not noticed or are dismissed, including for 2,4-dichlorophenol and cyfluthrin. Fifty-three active E2-up and 59 active P4-up chemicals that are in consumer products, food, pesticides, or drugs have not been evaluated for carcinogenic potential and are priorities for study and exposure reduction. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8608.
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20
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Mauro LJ, Seibel MI, Diep CH, Spartz A, Perez Kerkvliet C, Singhal H, Swisher EM, Schwartz LE, Drapkin R, Saini S, Sesay F, Litovchick L, Lange CA. Progesterone Receptors Promote Quiescence and Ovarian Cancer Cell Phenotypes via DREAM in p53-Mutant Fallopian Tube Models. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:1929-1955. [PMID: 33755733 PMCID: PMC8499172 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The ability of ovarian steroids to modify ovarian cancer (OC) risk remains controversial. Progesterone is considered to be protective; recent studies indicate no effect or enhanced OC risk. Knowledge of progesterone receptor (PR) signaling during altered physiology that typifies OC development is limited. OBJECTIVE This study defines PR-driven oncogenic signaling mechanisms in p53-mutant human fallopian tube epithelia (hFTE), a precursor of the most aggressive OC subtype. METHODS PR expression in clinical samples of serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) lesions and high-grade serous OC (HGSC) tumors was analyzed. Novel PR-A and PR-B isoform-expressing hFTE models were characterized for gene expression and cell cycle progression, emboli formation, and invasion. PR regulation of the DREAM quiescence complex and DYRK1 kinases was established. RESULTS STICs and HGSC express abundant activated phospho-PR. Progestin promoted reversible hFTE cell cycle arrest, spheroid formation, and invasion. RNAseq/biochemical studies revealed potent ligand-independent/-dependent PR actions, progestin-induced regulation of the DREAM quiescence complex, and cell cycle target genes through enhanced complex formation and chromatin recruitment. Disruption of DREAM/DYRK1s by pharmacological inhibition, HPV E6/E7 expression, or DYRK1A/B depletion blocked progestin-induced cell arrest and attenuated PR-driven gene expression and associated OC phenotypes. CONCLUSION Activated PRs support quiescence and pro-survival/pro-dissemination cell behaviors that may contribute to early HGSC progression. Our data support an alternative perspective on the tenet that progesterone always confers protection against OC. STICs can reside undetected for decades prior to invasive disease; our studies reveal clinical opportunities to prevent the ultimate development of HGSC by targeting PRs, DREAM, and/or DYRKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Mauro
- University of Minnesota, Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- University of Minnesota, Department of Animal Science, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Megan I Seibel
- University of Minnesota, Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Caroline H Diep
- University of Minnesota, Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Angela Spartz
- University of Minnesota, Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | - Hari Singhal
- Northwestern University, Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Swisher
- University of Washington Seattle, Dept Obstetrics & Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lauren E Schwartz
- University of Pennsylvania, Dept of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- University of Pennsylvania, Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Dept Obstetrics & Gynecology, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Siddharth Saini
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Massey Cancer Center, Dept. Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology & Palliative Care, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Fatmata Sesay
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Massey Cancer Center, Dept. Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology & Palliative Care, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Larisa Litovchick
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Massey Cancer Center, Dept. Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology & Palliative Care, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Carol A Lange
- University of Minnesota, Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- University of Minnesota, Dept Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology & Transplantation, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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21
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Progesterone receptors in normal breast development and breast cancer. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:951-969. [PMID: 34061163 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone receptors (PR) play a pivotal role in many female reproductive tissues such as the uterus, the ovary, and the mammary gland (MG). Moreover, PR play a key role in breast cancer growth and progression. This has led to the development and study of different progestins and antiprogestins, many of which are currently being tested in clinical trials for cancer treatment. Recent reviews have addressed the role of PR in MG development, carcinogenesis, and breast cancer growth. Thus, in this review, in addition to making an overview on PR action in normal and tumor breast, the focus has been put on highlighting the still unresolved topics on hormone treatment involving PR isoforms and breast cancer prognosis.
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Cardona B, Rudel RA. US EPA's regulatory pesticide evaluations need clearer guidelines for considering mammary gland tumors and other mammary gland effects. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:110927. [PMID: 32645345 PMCID: PMC9183204 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer risk from pesticides may be missed if effects on mammary gland are not assessed in toxicology studies required for registration. Using US EPA's registration documents, we identified pesticides that cause mammary tumors or alter development, and evaluated how those findings were considered in risk assessment. Of 28 pesticides that produced mammary tumors, EPA's risk assessment acknowledges those tumors for nine and dismisses the remaining cases. For five pesticides that alter mammary gland development, the implications for lactation and cancer risk are not assessed. Many of the mammary-active pesticides activate pathways related to endocrine disruption: altering steroid synthesis in H295R cells, activating nuclear receptors, or affecting xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. Clearer guidelines based on breast cancer biology would strengthen assessment of mammary gland effects, including sensitive histology and hormone measures. Potential cancer risks from several common pesticides should be re-evaluated, including: malathion, triclopyr, atrazine, propylene oxide, and 3-iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC).
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Yang D, Li Q, Shang R, Yao L, Wu L, Zhang M, Zhang L, Xu M, Lu Z, Zhou J, Huang L, Huang X, Cheng D, Yang Y, Yu H. WNT4 secreted by tumor tissues promotes tumor progression in colorectal cancer by activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:251. [PMID: 33222684 PMCID: PMC7682076 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01774-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wingless and Int-related protein (Wnt) ligands are aberrantly expressed in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the aberrant level of Wnt ligands in serum have not been explored. Here, we aimed to identify the levels of WNT4 in serum and explored its oncogenic role in CRC. METHODS The Oncomine database was used to analyze the relationship between WNT4 and the prognosis of CRC. ELISA was performed to measure WNT4 levels in serum and conditioned medium from fresh CRC tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were carried out to measure the expression of WNT4 in human CRC tissues and adjacent normal tissues. The migration and invasion of CRC cells were determined by trans-well assay, and the effects of WNT4 on CRC invasion and metastasis in vivo were verified by tumor xenograft in nude mice. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and angiogenesis in subcutaneous nodules were detected by immunofluorescence (IF). In addition, the suspended spheres formation and tube formation assay were performed to explore the effects of WNT4 on CAFs and angiogenesis respectively. RESULTS WNT4 was significantly upregulated in serum of CRC patients, and CRC tissues were identified as an important source of elevated WNT4 levels in CRC patients. Interestingly, elevated levels of WNT4 in serum were downregulated after tumor resection. Furthermore, we found that WNT4 contributed to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and activated fibroblasts by activating the WNT4/β-catenin pathway in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, angiogenesis was induced via the WNT4/β-catenin/Ang2 pathway. Those effects could be reversed by ICG-001, a β-catenin/TCF inhibitor. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that serum levels of WNT4 may be a potential biomarker for CRC. WNT4 secreted by colorectal cancer tissues promote the progression of CRC by inducing EMT, activate fibroblasts and promote angiogenesis through the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Rd. 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Rd. 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Renduo Shang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Rd. 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Liwen Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Rd. 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Lianlian Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Rd. 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Mengjiao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Rd. 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Lihui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Rd. 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Rd. 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zihua Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Rd. 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Rd. 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Rd. 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Du Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Rd. 238, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yanning Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Rd. 238, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Honggang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China. .,Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China. .,Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease Minimally Invasive Incision, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Jiefang Rd. 238, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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24
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Lamb CA, Fabris VT, Lanari C. Progesterone and breast. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2020; 69:85-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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25
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Akhouri V, Kumari M, Kumar A. Therapeutic effect of Aegle marmelos fruit extract against DMBA induced breast cancer in rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18016. [PMID: 33093498 PMCID: PMC7581526 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72935-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is among most common form of cancer worldwide. It is also the major cause of death in female cancer patient around the world. Despite various therapeutic measures, it remains associated with high mortality rate. Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa has been extensively used in Indian medicine system Ayurveda, due to its various medicinal properties. However, there are very limited reports regarding its anticancer activity. Thus, the present research work has been aimed to study the anticancer activity of Aegle marmelos fruit extract on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced breast cancer in rats. Female Charles Foster rats, 55-60 days old weighing around (150 ± 10 g) were used for the study and were induced DMBA (20 mg/mL dissolved in Olive oil) orally. After the development of breast tumors (about 0.5 cm), the rats were treated with Aegle marmelos ethanolic fruit pulp extract (200 mg/kg b.w./day) orally for 5 weeks and then volume of tumor was measured. Aegle marmelos treatment showed significantly reduced mammary tumor volume (P < 0.05), along with significant reduction (P < 0.0001) in the different serum biomarkers such as TNF-α level, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level and glucose levels. Significant (P < 0.0001) improvement in both, the kidney and liver serum biomarker parameters were also observed after the treatment with Aegle marmelos ethanolic fruit pulp extract. From the entire study, taking everything into account it can be interpreted that Aegle marmelos ethanolic fruit pulp extract possesses anti-proliferative activity by suppressing the progression of breast tumors in rat model. The plant extract also possesses hepato-renal protective effect. Hence, it can be targeted as novel and safe anti-cancer drug against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arun Kumar
- Research Centre, Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre, Patna, Bihar, 801505, India.
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26
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Kim G, Lee JG, Cheong SA, Yon JM, Lee MS, Hong EJ, Baek IJ. Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 is required for mammary gland development†. Biol Reprod 2020; 103:1249-1259. [PMID: 32915211 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological functions of progesterone (P4) in female reproductive organs including the mammary glands are mediated via the progesterone receptor (PR), but not all P4 functions can be explained by PR-mediated signaling. Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1), a potential mediator of P4 actions, plays an important role in the ovary and uterus in maintaining female fertility and pregnancy, but its function in mammary glands has not been elucidated. This study investigated the role of PGRMC1 in mouse mammary gland development. Unlike in the uterus, exogenous estrogen (E2) and/or P4 did not alter PGRMC1 expression in the mammary gland, and Pgrmc1-knockout (KO) mice displayed reduced ductal elongation and side branching in response to hormone treatment. During pregnancy, PGRMC1 was expressed within both the luminal and basal epithelium and gradually increased with gestation and decreased rapidly after parturition. Moreover, although lactogenic capacity was normal after parturition, Pgrmc1 KO resulted in defective mammary gland development from puberty until midpregnancy, while the expression of PR and its target genes was not significantly different between wild-type and Pgrmc1-KO mammary gland. These data suggest that PGRMC1 is essential for mammary gland development during puberty and pregnancy in a PR-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Globinna Kim
- ConveRgence mEDIcine research cenTer (CREDIT), Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Geol Lee
- ConveRgence mEDIcine research cenTer (CREDIT), Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-A Cheong
- ConveRgence mEDIcine research cenTer (CREDIT), Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Yon
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Sup Lee
- Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Ju Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jeoung Baek
- ConveRgence mEDIcine research cenTer (CREDIT), Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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27
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Dong Y, Liu S, Shen Y, He H, Ma H. Probing variations of fibrous structures during the development of breast ductal carcinoma tissues via Mueller matrix imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:4960-4975. [PMID: 33014593 PMCID: PMC7510861 DOI: 10.1364/boe.397441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we developed a label-free method to probe the microstructural information and optical properties of unstained thin tissue slices based on microscopic Mueller matrix imaging technique. In this paper, we take the microscopic Mueller matrix images of human breast ductal carcinoma tissue samples at different pathological stages, and then calculate and analyze their retardance-related Mueller matrix-derived parameters. To reveal the microstructural features more quantitatively and precisely, we propose a new method based on first-order statistical properties of image to transform the 2D images of Mueller matrix parameters into several statistical feature vectors. We evaluate each statistical feature vector by corresponding classification characteristic value extracted from the statistical features of Mueller matrix parameters images of healthy breast duct tissue samples. The experimental results indicate that these statistical feature vectors of Mueller matrix derived parameters may become powerful tools to quantitatively characterize breast ductal carcinoma tissue samples at different pathological stages. It has the potential to facilitate automating the staging process of breast ductal carcinoma tissue, resulting in the improvement of diagnostic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Dong
- Center for Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518071, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Shaoxiong Liu
- Shenzhen Sixth People’s Hospital (Nanshan Hospital) Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518052, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yuanxing Shen
- Guangdong Research Center of Polarization Imaging and Measurement Engineering Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Honghui He
- Guangdong Research Center of Polarization Imaging and Measurement Engineering Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Center for Precision Medicine and Healthcare, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518071, China
- Guangdong Research Center of Polarization Imaging and Measurement Engineering Technology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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28
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Gooding AJ, Schiemann WP. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Programs and Cancer Stem Cell Phenotypes: Mediators of Breast Cancer Therapy Resistance. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:1257-1270. [PMID: 32503922 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) programs play essential functions in normal morphogenesis and organogenesis, including that occurring during mammary gland development and glandular regeneration. Historically, EMT programs were believed to reflect a loss of epithelial gene expression signatures and morphologies that give way to those associated with mesenchymal cells and their enhanced migratory and invasive behaviors. However, accumulating evidence now paints EMT programs as representing a spectrum of phenotypic behaviors that also serve to enhance cell survival, immune tolerance, and perhaps even metastatic dormancy. Equally important, the activation of EMT programs in transformed mammary epithelial cells not only enhances their acquisition of invasive and metastatic behaviors, but also expands their generation of chemoresistant breast cancer stem cells (BCSC). Importantly, the net effect of these events results in the appearance of recurrent metastatic lesions that remain refractory to the armamentarium of chemotherapies and targeted therapeutic agents deployed against advanced stage breast cancers. Here we review the molecular and cellular mechanisms that contribute to the pathophysiology of EMT programs in human breast cancers and how these events impact their "stemness" and acquisition of chemoresistant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Gooding
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - William P Schiemann
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
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29
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Helm JS, Rudel RA. Adverse outcome pathways for ionizing radiation and breast cancer involve direct and indirect DNA damage, oxidative stress, inflammation, genomic instability, and interaction with hormonal regulation of the breast. Arch Toxicol 2020. [PMID: 32399610 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02752-z)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about established breast carcinogens can support improved and modernized toxicological testing methods by identifying key mechanistic events. Ionizing radiation (IR) increases the risk of breast cancer, especially for women and for exposure at younger ages, and evidence overall supports a linear dose-response relationship. We used the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework to outline and evaluate the evidence linking ionizing radiation with breast cancer from molecular initiating events to the adverse outcome through intermediate key events, creating a qualitative AOP. We identified key events based on review articles, searched PubMed for recent literature on key events and IR, and identified additional papers using references. We manually curated publications and evaluated data quality. Ionizing radiation directly and indirectly causes DNA damage and increases production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). RONS lead to DNA damage and epigenetic changes leading to mutations and genomic instability (GI). Proliferation amplifies the effects of DNA damage and mutations leading to the AO of breast cancer. Separately, RONS and DNA damage also increase inflammation. Inflammation contributes to direct and indirect effects (effects in cells not directly reached by IR) via positive feedback to RONS and DNA damage, and separately increases proliferation and breast cancer through pro-carcinogenic effects on cells and tissue. For example, gene expression changes alter inflammatory mediators, resulting in improved survival and growth of cancer cells and a more hospitable tissue environment. All of these events overlap at multiple points with events characteristic of "background" induction of breast carcinogenesis, including hormone-responsive proliferation, oxidative activity, and DNA damage. These overlaps make the breast particularly susceptible to ionizing radiation and reinforce that these biological activities are important characteristics of carcinogens. Agents that increase these biological processes should be considered potential breast carcinogens, and predictive methods are needed to identify chemicals that increase these processes. Techniques are available to measure RONS, DNA damage and mutation, cell proliferation, and some inflammatory proteins or processes. Improved assays are needed to measure GI and chronic inflammation, as well as the interaction with hormonally driven development and proliferation. Several methods measure diverse epigenetic changes, but it is not clear which changes are relevant to breast cancer. In addition, most toxicological assays are not conducted in mammary tissue, and so it is a priority to evaluate if results from other tissues are generalizable to breast, or to conduct assays in breast tissue. Developing and applying these assays to identify exposures of concern will facilitate efforts to reduce subsequent breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Helm
- Silent Spring Institute, 320 Nevada Street, Suite 302, Newton, MA, 02460, USA
| | - Ruthann A Rudel
- Silent Spring Institute, 320 Nevada Street, Suite 302, Newton, MA, 02460, USA.
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30
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Helm JS, Rudel RA. Adverse outcome pathways for ionizing radiation and breast cancer involve direct and indirect DNA damage, oxidative stress, inflammation, genomic instability, and interaction with hormonal regulation of the breast. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:1511-1549. [PMID: 32399610 PMCID: PMC7261741 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02752-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge about established breast carcinogens can support improved and modernized toxicological testing methods by identifying key mechanistic events. Ionizing radiation (IR) increases the risk of breast cancer, especially for women and for exposure at younger ages, and evidence overall supports a linear dose-response relationship. We used the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework to outline and evaluate the evidence linking ionizing radiation with breast cancer from molecular initiating events to the adverse outcome through intermediate key events, creating a qualitative AOP. We identified key events based on review articles, searched PubMed for recent literature on key events and IR, and identified additional papers using references. We manually curated publications and evaluated data quality. Ionizing radiation directly and indirectly causes DNA damage and increases production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). RONS lead to DNA damage and epigenetic changes leading to mutations and genomic instability (GI). Proliferation amplifies the effects of DNA damage and mutations leading to the AO of breast cancer. Separately, RONS and DNA damage also increase inflammation. Inflammation contributes to direct and indirect effects (effects in cells not directly reached by IR) via positive feedback to RONS and DNA damage, and separately increases proliferation and breast cancer through pro-carcinogenic effects on cells and tissue. For example, gene expression changes alter inflammatory mediators, resulting in improved survival and growth of cancer cells and a more hospitable tissue environment. All of these events overlap at multiple points with events characteristic of "background" induction of breast carcinogenesis, including hormone-responsive proliferation, oxidative activity, and DNA damage. These overlaps make the breast particularly susceptible to ionizing radiation and reinforce that these biological activities are important characteristics of carcinogens. Agents that increase these biological processes should be considered potential breast carcinogens, and predictive methods are needed to identify chemicals that increase these processes. Techniques are available to measure RONS, DNA damage and mutation, cell proliferation, and some inflammatory proteins or processes. Improved assays are needed to measure GI and chronic inflammation, as well as the interaction with hormonally driven development and proliferation. Several methods measure diverse epigenetic changes, but it is not clear which changes are relevant to breast cancer. In addition, most toxicological assays are not conducted in mammary tissue, and so it is a priority to evaluate if results from other tissues are generalizable to breast, or to conduct assays in breast tissue. Developing and applying these assays to identify exposures of concern will facilitate efforts to reduce subsequent breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Helm
- Silent Spring Institute, 320 Nevada Street, Suite 302, Newton, MA, 02460, USA
| | - Ruthann A Rudel
- Silent Spring Institute, 320 Nevada Street, Suite 302, Newton, MA, 02460, USA.
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31
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Bilyi DD, Gerdeva AА, Samoiliuk VV, Suslova NI, Yevtushenko ID. A modern look at the molecular-biological mechanisms of breast tumours in dogs. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.15421/022001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High morbidity and increase in the number of registrations of breast tumours in dogs, their wide application as biological models, discussion of numerous questions of oncogenesis, and the lack of a uniform/unified methodological approach to the study of molecular and biological mechanisms of treatment of cancer determine the relevance of the problem of cancer both in humans and in our domestic companions. The analysis of publications allowed us to establish the following patterns of carcinogenesis. The peculiarities of the biological behaviour of breast tumours depend on their pathomorphological structure. Genetic predisposition to breast cancer is characteristic only in the single breed aspect. Environmental factors are of critical relevance to carcinogenesis : chemical pollutants initiate oncogenesis indirectly – by altering the expression of several receptors, impaired endocrine balance and direct mutagenic effects. Reproductive status plays a key role in the initiation and progression of breast tumours by reducing the expression of estrogen, progesterone and prolactin receptor genes. The inflammatory response that accompanies the neoplasia process is characterized by increased production of cytokines, cyclooxygenase-2, interleukins (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8), vascular endothelial growth receptors, and impaired hemostatic status (oxidative stress), which promotes progression of disease. In breast cancer in dogs, genomic instability leads to genomic aberrations, and subsequently, mutations that support the proliferation, survival and dissemination of neoplastic cells. The initiation and progression of mammary gland tumours is provided by cancer stem cells by disrupting the regulation of precursor cell self-renewal, which also predispose to resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, radiation, and hormonal cancer therapy. The analysis of the publications revealed the major markers of carcinogenesis that could potentially be used as biological targets for the design of modern diagnostic strategies and high-performance therapeutic protocols.
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32
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Relationship of Serum Progesterone and Progesterone Metabolites with Mammographic Breast Density and Terminal Ductal Lobular Unit Involution among Women Undergoing Diagnostic Breast Biopsy. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9010245. [PMID: 31963437 PMCID: PMC7019918 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of progesterone/progesterone metabolites with elevated mammographic breast density (MBD) and delayed age-related terminal duct lobular unit (TDLU) involution, strong breast cancer risk factors, has received limited attention. Using a reliable liquid chromatography-tandem mass-spectrometry assay, we quantified serum progesterone/progesterone metabolites and explored cross-sectional relationships with MBD and TDLU involution among women, ages 40–65, undergoing diagnostic breast biopsy. Quantitative MBD measures were estimated in pre-biopsy digital mammograms. TDLU involution was quantified in diagnostic biopsies. Adjusted partial correlations and trends across MBD/TDLU categories were calculated. Pregnenolone was positively associated with percent MBD-area (MBD-A, rho: 0.30; p-trend = 0.01) among premenopausal luteal phase women. Progesterone tended to be positively associated with percent MBD-A among luteal phase (rho: 0.26; p-trend = 0.07) and postmenopausal (rho: 0.17; p-trend = 0.04) women. Consistent with experimental data, implicating an elevated 5α-pregnanes/3α-dihydroprogesterone (5αP/3αHP) metabolite ratio in breast cancer, higher 5αP/3αHP was associated with elevated percent MBD-A among luteal phase (rho: 0.29; p-trend = 0.08), but not postmenopausal women. This exploratory analysis provided some evidence that endogenous progesterone and progesterone metabolites might be correlated with MBD, a strong breast cancer risk factor, in both pre- and postmenopausal women undergoing breast biopsy. Additional studies are needed to understand the role of progesterone/progesterone metabolites in breast tissue composition and breast cancer risk.
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33
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Rao DM, Shackleford MT, Bordeaux EK, Sottnik JL, Ferguson RL, Yamamoto TM, Wellberg EA, Bitler BG, Sikora MJ. Wnt family member 4 (WNT4) and WNT3A activate cell-autonomous Wnt signaling independent of porcupine O-acyltransferase or Wnt secretion. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:19950-19966. [PMID: 31740580 PMCID: PMC6937561 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcupine O-acyltransferase (PORCN) is considered essential for Wnt secretion and signaling. However, we observed that PORCN inhibition does not phenocopy the effects of WNT4 knockdown in WNT4-dependent breast cancer cells. This suggests a unique relationship between PORCN and WNT4 signaling. To examine the role of PORCN in WNT4 signaling, here we overexpressed WNT4 or WNT3A in breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and fibrosarcoma cell lines. Conditioned media from these lines and co-culture systems were used to assess the dependence of Wnt secretion and activity on the critical Wnt secretion proteins PORCN and Wnt ligand secretion (WLS) mediator. We observed that WLS is universally required for Wnt secretion and paracrine signaling. In contrast, the dependence of WNT3A secretion and activity on PORCN varied across the cell lines, and WNT4 secretion was PORCN-independent in all models. Surprisingly, WNT4 did not exhibit paracrine activity in any tested context. Absent the expected paracrine activity of secreted WNT4, we identified cell-autonomous Wnt signaling activation by WNT4 and WNT3A, independent of PORCN or Wnt secretion. The PORCN-independent, cell-autonomous Wnt signaling demonstrated here may be critical in WNT4-driven cellular contexts or in those that are considered to have dysfunctional Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deviyani M Rao
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Madeleine T Shackleford
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Evelyn K Bordeaux
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Joseph L Sottnik
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Rebecca L Ferguson
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Tomomi M Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Elizabeth A Wellberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Benjamin G Bitler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Matthew J Sikora
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
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34
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Crobeddu B, Ferraris E, Kolasa E, Plante I. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) increases proliferation of epithelial breast cancer cells through progesterone receptor dysregulation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 173:165-173. [PMID: 30909102 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a plasticizer incorporated to plastic matrices of widely used consumer products. However, it is gradually released from these products, resulting in a chronic exposure for humans. Although DEHP, similar to other members of the phthalates family, is generally considered as an endocrine disruptor, the mechanisms implicated in its toxicity are yet poorly understood. Our objective was to determine the effects of an exposure to DEHP and to one of its major metabolite, the mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) on markers involved in breast carcinogenesis. T-47D cells were exposed to environmentally relevant and higher doses of DEHP and MEHP (0.1-10 000 nM) for 4 days. Our results showed that an exposure to 10 000 nM of DEHP and 0.1 nM of MEHP significantly increased the proliferation of T-47D cells, without inducing apoptosis. In addition, a significant increase in the protein levels of the isoform A of the progesterone receptor (PR) and of nuclear levels of PR were observed in T-47D cells exposed to 10 000 nM of DEHP. Importantly, the increased proliferation and nuclear levels of PR were totally and partially inhibited, respectively, by Mifepristone, a PR antagonist. These results suggest that an exposure to DEHP or MEHP increase cell proliferation by activating PR signaling, which could potentially increase the risks to develop breast cancer. The mechanism of activation of the progesterone pathway by DEHP and the long-term consequences of this activation remained to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elise Kolasa
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Québec, Canada
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Ueno T, Saji S, Chiba T, Kamma H, Isaka H, Itoh H, Imi K, Miyamoto K, Tada M, Sasano H, Toi M, Imoto S. Progesterone receptor expression in proliferating cancer cells of hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer. Tumour Biol 2019; 40:1010428318811025. [PMID: 30841783 DOI: 10.1177/1010428318811025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has been suggested to have two distinct driving mechanisms: the hormone receptor and the growth factor receptor pathways. We hypothesized that each driving system produces a different expression pattern of estrogen-regulated genes, such as progesterone receptor, in proliferating cells. Progesterone receptor and Ki67 expressions were assessed by dual-fluorescence immunohistochemistry in estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancer tissues. Two distinct proliferating cell populations were observed: progesterone-receptor-positive and progesterone-receptor-negative. In the training cohort, tissues with progesterone-receptor-positive proliferating cells were associated with lower grade and better disease-free survival (p = 0.0055 and 0.0026, respectively). These associations were confirmed in the validation cohort from the neoadjuvant endocrine trial JFMC34 (p = 0.033 and 0.0003, respectively). In the validation cohort, patients with progesterone-receptor-positive proliferating cells responded better to endocrine therapy and had a lower Oncotype DX Recurrence Score. In the multivariate analysis, progesterone receptor status of proliferating cells, but not progesterone receptor or Ki67 alone, was an independent predictor of disease-free survival in both cohorts (p = 0.0043 and 0.0026). In conclusion, the progesterone receptor status of proliferating cancer cells was associated with histological grade and Recurrence Score, and a potent prognostic factor in estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancers. Results suggest that different driving systems generate different expression patterns of progesterone receptor in proliferating cancer cells. Further studies are warranted to validate the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Ueno
- 1 Department of Breast Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan.,2 Department of Breast Surgery, Breast Oncology Center, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigehira Saji
- 3 Department of Medical Oncology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Chiba
- 4 Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kamma
- 4 Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Isaka
- 1 Department of Breast Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Itoh
- 1 Department of Breast Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Imi
- 1 Department of Breast Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaisuke Miyamoto
- 1 Department of Breast Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manami Tada
- 1 Department of Breast Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- 5 Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masakazu Toi
- 6 Department of Breast Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeru Imoto
- 1 Department of Breast Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
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Yang F, Qiu W, Li R, Hu J, Luo S, Zhang T, He X, Zheng C. Genome-wide identification of the interactions between key genes and pathways provide new insights into the toxicity of bisphenol F and S during early development in zebrafish. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 213:559-567. [PMID: 30265984 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS) have been widely used as alternatives to bisphenol A (BPA). With their increasing use, BPF and BPS have also been released into the environment; thus, their potential risks to aquatic organisms and humans are drawing attention. The objective of this study was to identify the interactions between key pathways and hub genes in zebrafish following BPF and BPS exposure, and to evaluate the potential risks to human health. We identified three key pathways using KEGG over-representation test and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA): 'Necroptosis,' 'Adipocytokine signaling pathway,' and 'C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway.' Moreover, three hub genes (mst1ra, prkcdb, and pik3cb) and detailed interactions among the pathways were examined by the analyses of PPI network, subcellular location, and shortest-pathway. Surprisingly, all three pathways were strongly associated with a potential risk of cancer, as reported previously. In addition, the results of KOBAS shown in 'Pathways in Cancer' and 'Cancers' belong to the top 10 terms in pathway enrichment analyses using genes related to BPF or BPS in human, as was found using GenCLiP. Moreover, the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed using homologenes (MST1R, PIK3CB and PRKCD) of hub genes in human to evaluate whether exposure to bisphenols may adversely affect breast cancer. Taken together, these studies demonstrate the potential carcinogenicity of BPF and BPS. To our knowledge, this is the first study on three overlapping key pathways and three hub genes to investigate BPF and BPS exposure-related mechanisms and subsequent interactions in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenhui Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Rongzhen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiaqi Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shusheng Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xin He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chunmiao Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Huang Z, Yang M, Li Y, Yang F, Feng Y. Exosomes Derived from Hypoxic Colorectal Cancer Cells Transfer Wnt4 to Normoxic Cells to Elicit a Prometastatic Phenotype. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:2094-2102. [PMID: 30585272 PMCID: PMC6299371 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.28288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is the most common characteristic of solid tumours driving cancer metastasis. Cancer cells release exosomes with various functions into the tumour microenvironment during cancer progression. However, the roles and associated mechanisms of hypoxic colorectal cancer (CRC) cell-derived exosomes remain poorly understood. Here, we found that exosomes secreted by hypoxic CRC cells promoted the migration and invasion abilities of normoxic CRC cells. Inhibition of exosome secretion by GW4869 reduced hypoxic exosome-mediated migration and invasion of normoxic CRC cells. Furthermore, we found that these hypoxic exosomes contained Wnt4 depending on HIF1α. Exosomal Wnt4 mediated hypoxic exosome-mediated migration and invasion of normoxic CRC cells. Moreover, exosomal Wnt4 enhanced β-catenin translocation to the nucleus in normoxic CRC cells. The activation of β-catenin signalling was important for the migration and invasion of normoxic CRC cells, which was eliminated by treatment with the β-catenin inhibitor ICG-001. Taken together, the results of our study indicate that hypoxia may stimulate tumour cells to release Wnt4-rich exosomes that are delivered to normoxic cells to enhance prometastatic behaviours, which might provide new targets for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Huang
- Department of 11th general surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China medical university, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingli Yang
- Department of 11th general surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China medical university, Shenyang, China
| | - Yunze Li
- Department of 11th general surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China medical university, Shenyang, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of 11th general surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China medical university, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong Feng
- Department of 11th general surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China medical university, Shenyang, China
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Qiu J, Du Z, Liu J, Zhou Y, Liang F, Lü Q. Association between polymorphisms in estrogen metabolism genes and breast cancer development in Chinese women: A prospective case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e13337. [PMID: 30461653 PMCID: PMC6393086 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We comprehensively identified polymorphisms in estrogen-metabolizing genes that may be associated with breast cancer initiation in Chinese women, via an ongoing prospective case-control study.An ongoing prospective case-control study of 427 female case patients diagnosed with breast cancer from August 2013 to March 2015 and 536 women (case controls) with no prior history of cancer or benign breast tumors was performed. Buccal cell specimens were obtained using the cotton swabbing method. DNA was extracted from the buccal cells using the phenol/chloroform method. Genotype was carried out for 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs4646903, rs1056836, rs1695, rs4970737, and rs4680) using direct sequencing.The polymorphic genotypes of glutathione S-transferase (GSTP1) (P = .044) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) (P = .008) showed significantly different distributions, while that of cytochrome P450 (CYP1B1) (P = .051) showed a slight difference in distribution between healthy women and patients with breast cancer. Individuals with homozygous variant genotypes for GSTP1 or COMT exhibited a higher risk of developing breast cancer than those with wild-type genotypes; however, for CYP1B1, the homozygous variant genotype was associated with a lower risk, and the heterozygous genotype for these 3 genes was not associated with breast cancer development.An individual's risk of breast cancer is only influenced by the specific combination of risk-associated alleles of COMT and GSTP1, despite the protective effects of the homozygous CYP1B1 genotype revealed by univariate analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhenggui Du
- Department of Breast Surgery
- Laboratory of Breast Disease
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Jingping Liu
- Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Faqing Liang
- Department of Breast Surgery
- Laboratory of Breast Disease
| | - Qing Lü
- Department of Breast Surgery
- Laboratory of Breast Disease
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Polymorphisms in TIM-3 and breast cancer susceptibility in Chinese women: A case-control study. Oncotarget 2018; 7:43703-43712. [PMID: 27248321 PMCID: PMC5190054 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have found associations between polymorphisms in T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3) and increased risks of various cancers. However, the association between TIM-3 polymorphisms and breast cancer (BC) remains uncertain. In this study, a total of 560 BC patients and 583 age, sex, and ethnicity-matched healthy controls from Northwest China were included. The polymorphisms were genotyped using Sequenom MassARRAY. The expression level of TIM-3 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry. We observed rs10053538 had a significantly increased risk of BC, comparing with the wild-type genotype even after Bonferroni correction. In addition, the rs4704853 G>A variants were more frequent among BC patients than the controls (GA + AA vs. GG: OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.03-1.69, P = 0.026); However, the significance was lost after Bonferroni correction (P = 0.078). Furthermore, rs10053538 was associated with lymph node metastasis. Age stratification revealed that among patients aged <49 years, those with the rs4704853 GA/AA genotype had a higher risk of BC; But there was no difference when Bonferroni correction was conducted. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the expression of TIM-3 protein in the breast cancer tissues was higher in patients carrying the rs10053538 GT+TT genotype than those with GG genotype (P = 0.012). However, we failed to find any difference between BC patients and controls in any rs1036199 genetic model. These findings suggested that rs10053538 in TIM-3 might increase susceptibility to BC and promote the progression of BC in Chinese women.
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Mapes J, Anandan L, Li Q, Neff A, Clevenger CV, Bagchi IC, Bagchi MK. Aberrantly high expression of the CUB and zona pellucida-like domain-containing protein 1 (CUZD1) in mammary epithelium leads to breast tumorigenesis. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:2850-2864. [PMID: 29321207 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The peptide hormone prolactin (PRL) and certain members of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family play central roles in mammary gland development and physiology, and their dysregulation has been implicated in mammary tumorigenesis. Our recent studies have revealed that the CUB and zona pellucida-like domain-containing protein 1 (CUZD1) is a critical factor for PRL-mediated activation of the transcription factor STAT5 in mouse mammary epithelium. Of note, CUZD1 controls production of a specific subset of the EGF family growth factors and consequent activation of their receptors. Here, we found that consistent with this finding, CUZD1 overexpression in non-transformed mammary epithelial HC11 cells increases their proliferation and induces tumorigenic characteristics in these cells. When introduced orthotopically in mouse mammary glands, these cells formed adenocarcinomas, exhibiting elevated levels of STAT5 phosphorylation and activation of the EGF signaling pathway. Selective blockade of STAT5 phosphorylation by pimozide, a small-molecule inhibitor, markedly reduced the production of the EGF family growth factors and inhibited PRL-induced tumor cell proliferation in vitro Pimozide administration to mice also suppressed CUZD1-driven mammary tumorigenesis in vivo Analysis of human MCF7 breast cancer cells indicated that CUZD1 controls the production of the same subset of EGF family members in these cells as in the mouse. Moreover, pimozide treatment reduced the proliferation of these cancer cells. Collectively, these findings indicate that overexpression of CUZD1, a regulator of growth factor pathways controlled by PRL and STAT5, promotes mammary tumorigenesis. Blockade of the STAT5 signaling pathway downstream of CUZD1 may offer a therapeutic strategy for managing these breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Quanxi Li
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Alison Neff
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology
| | - Charles V Clevenger
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284
| | - Indrani C Bagchi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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Rodgers KM, Udesky JO, Rudel RA, Brody JG. Environmental chemicals and breast cancer: An updated review of epidemiological literature informed by biological mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 160:152-182. [PMID: 28987728 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many common environmental chemicals are mammary gland carcinogens in animal studies, activate relevant hormonal pathways, or enhance mammary gland susceptibility to carcinogenesis. Breast cancer's long latency and multifactorial etiology make evaluation of these chemicals in humans challenging. OBJECTIVE For chemicals previously identified as mammary gland toxicants, we evaluated epidemiologic studies published since our 2007 review. We assessed whether study designs captured relevant exposures and disease features suggested by toxicological and biological evidence of genotoxicity, endocrine disruption, tumor promotion, or disruption of mammary gland development. METHODS We systematically searched the PubMed database for articles with breast cancer outcomes published in 2006-2016 using terms for 134 environmental chemicals, sources, or biomarkers of exposure. We critically reviewed the articles. RESULTS We identified 158 articles. Consistent with experimental evidence, a few key studies suggested higher risk for exposures during breast development to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), dioxins, perfluorooctane-sulfonamide (PFOSA), and air pollution (risk estimates ranged from 2.14 to 5.0), and for occupational exposure to solvents and other mammary carcinogens, such as gasoline components (risk estimates ranged from 1.42 to 3.31). Notably, one 50-year cohort study captured exposure to DDT during several critical windows for breast development (in utero, adolescence, pregnancy) and when this chemical was still in use. Most other studies did not assess exposure during a biologically relevant window or specify the timing of exposure. Few studies considered genetic variation, but the Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project reported higher breast cancer risk for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in women with certain genetic variations, especially in DNA repair genes. CONCLUSIONS New studies that targeted toxicologically relevant chemicals and captured biological hypotheses about genetic variants or windows of breast susceptibility added to evidence of links between environmental chemicals and breast cancer. However, many biologically relevant chemicals, including current-use consumer product chemicals, have not been adequately studied in humans. Studies are challenged to reconstruct exposures that occurred decades before diagnosis or access biological samples stored that long. Other problems include measuring rapidly metabolized chemicals and evaluating exposure to mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Rodgers
- Silent Spring Institute, 320 Nevada Street, Newton, MA 02460, United States.
| | - Julia O Udesky
- Silent Spring Institute, 320 Nevada Street, Newton, MA 02460, United States.
| | - Ruthann A Rudel
- Silent Spring Institute, 320 Nevada Street, Newton, MA 02460, United States.
| | - Julia Green Brody
- Silent Spring Institute, 320 Nevada Street, Newton, MA 02460, United States.
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Current Approaches to Diagnosis and Treatment of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ and Future Directions. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 151:33-80. [PMID: 29096897 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The presentation and treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) has changed substantially over the years. While previously an incidental pathologic finding in more advanced, palpable tumors, the institution of screening mammography has repositioned this disease entity as one largely diagnosed as a non-palpable lesion, often prior to any invasive disease. As DCIS is a precursor to invasive carcinoma, evolution in the approach to treatment has followed in the footsteps of that for invasive disease, including breast conservation therapy, adjuvant radiation, and use of antihormonal therapy. Survival outcomes for DCIS are very high and more recent literature has investigated tailoring therapeutic approaches to avoid overtreatment. Two important areas of ongoing clinical debate concerning overtreatment include use of preoperative MRI and the role of adjuvant radiation. The heterogeneity of the disease makes it difficult to differentiate lesions that would benefit from more aggressive treatment from those in which overtreatment could be avoided. Clinical characteristics, such as histologic appearance, age at diagnosis, and margin status at tumor excision have been established as moderate predictors of disease recurrence, but none has provided strong enough evidence as to guide consensus decisions on adjuvant therapy. Continuing research seeks to define the genetic and molecular characteristics that can predict disease course and serve as the potential targets for novel therapeutic agents. While several markers have shown promise in differentiating tumor aggressiveness, there is still much to be discovered about the precise mechanisms of disease progression and how this can be applied clinically to optimize treatment.
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Singh J, Singh R, Gupta P, Rai S, Ganesher A, Badrinarayan P, Sastry GN, Konwar R, Panda G. Targeting progesterone metabolism in breast cancer with l-proline derived new 14-azasteroids. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:4452-4463. [PMID: 28693914 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer cell proliferation is promoted by a variety of mitogenic signals. Classically estrogen is considered as most predominant mitogenic signal in hormone-dependent breast cancer and progesterone is primarily considered to have protective effect. However, it is suggested that some progesterone metabolite may promote breast cancer and progesterone metabolites like 5α-pregnane and 4-pregnene could serve as regulators of estrogen-responsiveness of breast cancer cells. Here, we estimated the potential of alternate targeting of breast cancer via progesterone signalling. l-Proline derived novel 14-azasteroid compounds were screened against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines using MTT assay. In silico studies, cell cycle, Annexin-V-FITC/PI, JC-1 mitochondrial assay, ROS analysis were performed to analyse the impact of hit compound 3b on breast cancer cells. Further, we analysed the impact of hit 3b on the progesterone, its metabolites and enzymes responsible for the conversion of progesterone and its metabolites using ELISA. Data suggests that compound 3b binds and down regulates of 5α-reductase by specifically inhibiting production of progesterone metabolites that are capable of promoting breast cancer proliferation, epithelial mesenchymal transition and migration. This study establishes the proof of concept and generation of new leads for additional targeting of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsana Singh
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ritesh Singh
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Preeti Gupta
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Smita Rai
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Asha Ganesher
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Preethi Badrinarayan
- Centre for Molecular Modelling, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - G Narahari Sastry
- Centre for Molecular Modelling, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Rituraj Konwar
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Chennai 600 113, India.
| | - Gautam Panda
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Chennai 600 113, India.
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Weber RJ, Desai TA, Gartner ZJ. Non-autonomous cell proliferation in the mammary gland and cancer. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2017; 45:55-61. [PMID: 28314237 PMCID: PMC8811621 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cells decide whether to grow and divide by integrating internal and external signals. Non-autonomous cell growth and proliferation occurs when microenvironmental signals from neighboring cells, both physical and secreted, license this decision. Understanding these processes is vital to developing an accurate framework for cell-cell interactions and cellular decision-making, and is useful for advancing new therapeutic strategies to prevent dysregulated growth. Here, we review some recent examples of non-autonomous cell growth in the mammary gland and tumor cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Weber
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94158, United States; Chemistry and Chemical Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, Room 522, San Francisco, California 94158, United States; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Tejal A Desai
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Group in Bioengineering, 1700 Fourth Street, Room 216, San Francisco, California 94158, United States; UCSF Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, 1700 Fourth Street, Room 216B, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Zev J Gartner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94158, United States; UC Berkeley-UCSF Group in Bioengineering, 1700 Fourth Street, Room 216, San Francisco, California 94158, United States; Chemistry and Chemical Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, Room 522, San Francisco, California 94158, United States.
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Ables ET, Drummond-Barbosa D. Steroid Hormones and the Physiological Regulation of Tissue-Resident Stem Cells: Lessons from the Drosophila Ovary. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2017; 3:9-18. [PMID: 28458991 PMCID: PMC5407287 DOI: 10.1007/s40778-017-0070-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Stem cells respond to local paracrine signals; more recently, however, systemic hormones have also emerged as key regulators of stem cells. This review explores the role of steroid hormones in stem cells, using the Drosophila germline stem cell as a centerpiece for discussion. RECENT FINDINGS Stem cells sense and respond directly and indirectly to steroid hormones, which regulate diverse sets of target genes via interactions with nuclear hormone receptors. Hormone-regulated networks likely integrate the actions of multiple systemic signals to adjust the activity of stem cell lineages in response to changes in physiological status. SUMMARY Hormones are inextricably linked to animal physiology, and can control stem cells and their local niches. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of hormone signaling in stem cells is essential for our understanding of the fundamental underpinnings of stem cell biology, and for informing new therapeutic interventions against cancers or for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth T. Ables
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Daniela Drummond-Barbosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Division of Reproductive Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Wang Z, Liu H, Liu S. Low-Dose Bisphenol A Exposure: A Seemingly Instigating Carcinogenic Effect on Breast Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2017; 4:1600248. [PMID: 28251049 PMCID: PMC5323866 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201600248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer death in the world and the second most common fatal cancer in women. Epidemiological studies and clinical data have indicated that hormones, including estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin, play important roles in the initiation and progression of breast cancer. Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most commonly used and thoroughly studied endocrine disruptors. It can be released from consumer products and deposited in the environment, thus creating potential for human exposure through oral, inhaled, and dermal routes. Some recent reviews have summarized the known mechanisms of endocrine disruptions by BPA in human diseases, including obesity, reproductive disorders, and birth defects. However, large knowledge gaps still exist on the roles BPA may play in cancer initiation and development. Evidence from animal and in vitro studies has suggested an association between increased incidence of breast cancer and BPA exposure at doses below the safe reference doses that are the most environmentally relevant. Most current studies have paid little attention to the cancer-promoting properties of BPA at low doses. In this review, recent findings on the carcinogenic effects of low-dose BPA on breast cancer and discussed possible biologic mechanisms are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and EcotoxicologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085China
- School of Public HealthXinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangHenan Province453003China
| | - Huiyu Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of BioprocessBeijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and EngineeringBeijing Laboratory of Biomedical MaterialsBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing100029China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and EcotoxicologyResearch Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085China
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King J, Mir H, Singh S. Association of Cytokines and Chemokines in Pathogenesis of Breast Cancer. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 151:113-136. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Atashgaran V, Wrin J, Barry SC, Dasari P, Ingman WV. Dissecting the Biology of Menstrual Cycle-Associated Breast Cancer Risk. Front Oncol 2016; 6:267. [PMID: 28083513 PMCID: PMC5183603 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluctuations in circulating estrogen and progesterone across the menstrual cycle lead to increased breast cancer susceptibility in women; however, the biological basis for this increased risk is not well understood. Estrogen and progesterone have important roles in normal mammary gland development, where they direct dynamic interactions among the hormonally regulated mammary epithelial, stromal, and immune cell compartments. The continuous fluctuations of estrogen and progesterone over a woman’s reproductive lifetime affect the turnover of mammary epithelium, stem cells, and the extracellular matrix, as well as regulate the phenotype and function of mammary stromal and immune cells, including macrophages and regulatory T cells. Collectively, these events may result in genome instability, increase the chance of random genetic mutations, dampen immune surveillance, and promote tolerance in the mammary gland, and thereby increase the risk of breast cancer initiation. This article reviews the current status of our understanding of the molecular and the cellular changes that occur in the mammary gland across the menstrual cycle and how continuous menstrual cycling may increase breast cancer susceptibility in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Atashgaran
- Discipline of Surgery, School of Medicine, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; The Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Joseph Wrin
- Discipline of Surgery, School of Medicine, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; The Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Simon Charles Barry
- The Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Discipline of Pediatrics, University of Adelaide, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Pallave Dasari
- Discipline of Surgery, School of Medicine, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; The Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Wendy V Ingman
- Discipline of Surgery, School of Medicine, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; The Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Huang Z, Feng Y. Exosomes Derived From Hypoxic Colorectal Cancer Cells Promote Angiogenesis Through Wnt4-Induced β-Catenin Signaling in Endothelial Cells. Oncol Res 2016; 25:651-661. [PMID: 27712599 PMCID: PMC7841118 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14752792816791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell-derived exosomes have been actively released into the tumor microenvironment with pleiotropic roles in tumor growth and metastasis, including angiogenesis and immune modulation. However, the functions and underlying mechanisms of exosomes shed by colorectal cancer (CRC) cells under hypoxic conditions remain unknown. Here we found that exosomes derived from hypoxic CRC cells promoted the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells. Suppression of exosome secretion through RAB27a knockdown in CRC cells inhibited exosomal-induced proliferation and migration of endothelial cells. Furthermore, we discovered that these exosomes enriched with Wnt4 were dependent on HIF1α. Exosomal Wnt4 increased β-catenin nuclear translocation in endothelial cells. The induction of β-catenin signaling is critical for the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells, which could be abolished by the inhibitor ICG001. The in vivo animal study further revealed the tumor-promoting effects of CRC cell-derived exosomes with enhanced tumor growth and angiogenesis. Taken together, our study indicates that CRC cells promote angiogenesis through exosome-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in endothelial cells under hypoxia, which might be a new mechanism in CRC development.
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Golaraei A, Kontenis L, Cisek R, Tokarz D, Done SJ, Wilson BC, Barzda V. Changes of collagen ultrastructure in breast cancer tissue determined by second-harmonic generation double Stokes-Mueller polarimetric microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:4054-4068. [PMID: 27867715 PMCID: PMC5102540 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.004054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Second-harmonic generation (SHG) double Stokes-Mueller polarimetric microscopy is applied to study the alteration of collagen ultrastructure in a tissue microarray containing three pathological human breast cancer types with differently overexpressed estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Kleinman symmetry is experimentally validated in breast tissue for 1028 nm laser wavelength and it has been shown that measurements with only linearly polarized incoming and outgoing states can determine molecular nonlinear susceptibility tensor component ratio, average in-plane orientation of collagen fibers and degree of linear polarization of SHG. Increase in the susceptibility ratio for ER, PgR, HER2 positive cases, reveals ultrastructural changes in the collagen fibers while the susceptibility ratio increase and decrease in degree of linear polarization for ER and PgR positive cases indicate alteration of the ultrastructure and increased disorder of the collagen fibers within each focal volume. The study demonstrates a potential use of polarimetric SHG microscopy for collagen characterization and cancer diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Golaraei
- Department of Physics and Institute for Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7,
Canada
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6,
Canada
| | - Lukas Kontenis
- Department of Physics and Institute for Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7,
Canada
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6,
Canada
| | - Richard Cisek
- Department of Physics and Institute for Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7,
Canada
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6,
Canada
| | - Danielle Tokarz
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9,
Canada
| | - Susan J. Done
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9,
Canada
| | - Brian C. Wilson
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9,
Canada
| | - Virginijus Barzda
- Department of Physics and Institute for Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7,
Canada
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6,
Canada
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