1
|
Turnquist BE, MacIver PH, Katzel LI, Waldstein SR. Interactive Relations of Body Mass Index, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Sex to Cognitive Function in Older Adults. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2024:acae018. [PMID: 38486431 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acae018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The course of cognitive aging is influenced by multiple health factors. This cross-sectional study investigated the interactive relations between body mass index (BMI), maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), and sex on neuropsychological outcomes in community-dwelling predominantly older adults. METHODS Participants were 164 healthy adults [M (SD) = 64.6 (12.5) years, 56% men, 87% white] who participated in an investigation of cardiovascular risk factors and brain health. Multivariable regression analysis, adjusted for age, education, ethnicity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and depression, examined the interactive relations of BMI, VO2max, and sex to multiple neuropsychological outcomes. RESULTS Significant BMI*VO2max*sex interactions for Grooved Pegboard dominant (p = .019) and nondominant (p = .005) hands revealed that men with lower VO2max (l/min) displayed worse performance with each hand as BMI increased (p's < .02). A significant BMI*sex interaction for Logical Memory-Delayed Recall (p = .036) (after adjustment for blood glucose) showed that men, but not women, with higher BMI demonstrated worse performance (p = .036). Lastly, significant main effects indicated that lower VO2max was related to poorer logical memory, and higher BMI was associated with poorer Trail Making B and Stroop interference scores (p's < .05). CONCLUSIONS Among men, higher cardiorespiratory fitness may protect against the negative impact of greater BMI on manual dexterity and motor speed, making VO2max a target for intervention. Higher BMI is further associated with poorer executive function and verbal memory (in men), and lower VO2max is associated with poorer verbal memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Eric Turnquist
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychology, American University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Peter H MacIver
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leslie I Katzel
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shari R Waldstein
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ge X, Hu M, Zhou M, Fang X, Chen X, Geng D, Wang L, Yang X, An H, Zhang M, Lin D, Zheng M, Cui X, Wang Q, Wu Y, Zheng K, Huang XF, Yu Y. Overexpression of forebrain PTP1B leads to synaptic and cognitive impairments in obesity. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 117:456-470. [PMID: 38336024 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity has reached pandemic proportions and is a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Chronic inflammation is common in obese patients, but the mechanism between inflammation and cognitive impairment in obesity remains unclear. Accumulative evidence shows that protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), a neuroinflammatory and negative synaptic regulator, is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative processes. We investigated the causal role of PTP1B in obesity-induced cognitive impairment and the beneficial effect of PTP1B inhibitors in counteracting impairments of cognition, neural morphology, and signaling. We showed that obese individuals had negative relationship between serum PTP1B levels and cognitive function. Furthermore, the PTP1B level in the forebrain increased in patients with neurodegenerative diseases and obese cognitive impairment mice with the expansion of white matter, neuroinflammation and brain atrophy. PTP1B globally or forebrain-specific knockout mice on an obesogenic high-fat diet showed enhanced cognition and improved synaptic ultrastructure and proteins in the forebrain. Specifically, deleting PTP1B in leptin receptor-expressing cells improved leptin synaptic signaling and increased BDNF expression in the forebrain of obese mice. Importantly, we found that various PTP1B allosteric inhibitors (e.g., MSI-1436, well-tolerated in Phase 1 and 1b clinical trials for obesity and type II diabetes) prevented these alterations, including improving cognition, neurite outgrowth, leptin synaptic signaling and BDNF in both obese cognitive impairment mice and a neural cell model of PTP1B overexpression. These findings suggest that increased forebrain PTP1B is associated with cognitive decline in obesity, whereas inhibition of PTP1B could be a promising strategy for preventing neurodegeneration induced by obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Minmin Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Menglu Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Xiaoli Fang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu 221006, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI) and School of Medical, Indigenous, and Health, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Deqin Geng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu 221006, China
| | - Li Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, China
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Huimei An
- HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 10096, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- HuiLongGuan Clinical Medical School, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 10096, China
| | - Danhong Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Mingxuan Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Xiaoying Cui
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4113, Australia; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, QLD, 4076, Australia
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, China
| | - Yuqing Wu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - Kuiyang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China.
| | - Xu-Feng Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI) and School of Medical, Indigenous, and Health, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Yinghua Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cao HL, Wei W, Meng YJ, Deng RH, Li XJ, Deng W, Liu YS, Tang Z, Du XD, Greenshaw AJ, Li ML, Li T, Guo WJ. Interactions between overweight/obesity and alcohol dependence impact human brain white matter microstructure: evidence from DTI. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024:10.1007/s00406-024-01760-9. [PMID: 38403735 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-024-01760-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
There is inconsistent evidence for an association of obesity with white matter microstructural alterations. Such inconsistent findings may be related to the cumulative effects of obesity and alcohol dependence. This study aimed to investigate the possible interactions between alcohol dependence and overweight/obesity on white matter microstructure in the human brain. A total of 60 inpatients with alcohol dependence during early abstinence (44 normal weight and 16 overweight/obese) and 65 controls (42 normal weight and 23 overweight/obese) were included. The diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures [fractional anisotropy (FA) and radial diffusivity (RD)] of the white matter microstructure were compared between groups. We observed significant interactive effects between alcohol dependence and overweight/obesity on DTI measures in several tracts. The DTI measures were not significantly different between the overweight/obese and normal-weight groups (although widespread trends of increased FA and decreased RD were observed) among controls. However, among the alcohol-dependent patients, the overweight/obese group had widespread reductions in FA and widespread increases in RD, most of which significantly differed from the normal-weight group; among those with overweight/obesity, the alcohol-dependent group had widespread reductions in FA and widespread increases in RD, most of which were significantly different from the control group. This study found significant interactive effects between overweight/obesity and alcohol dependence on white matter microstructure, indicating that these two controllable factors may synergistically impact white matter microstructure and disrupt structural connectivity in the human brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ling Cao
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310063, China
| | - Ya-Jing Meng
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ren-Hao Deng
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310063, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310063, China
| | - Yan-Song Liu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Tang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Du
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Ming-Li Li
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310063, China
| | - Wan-Jun Guo
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Department of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310063, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kawade N, Yamanaka K. Novel insights into brain lipid metabolism in Alzheimer's disease: Oligodendrocytes and white matter abnormalities. FEBS Open Bio 2024; 14:194-216. [PMID: 37330425 PMCID: PMC10839347 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. A genome-wide association study has shown that several AD risk genes are involved in lipid metabolism. Additionally, epidemiological studies have indicated that the levels of several lipid species are altered in the AD brain. Therefore, lipid metabolism is likely changed in the AD brain, and these alterations might be associated with an exacerbation of AD pathology. Oligodendrocytes are glial cells that produce the myelin sheath, which is a lipid-rich insulator. Dysfunctions of the myelin sheath have been linked to white matter abnormalities observed in the AD brain. Here, we review the lipid composition and metabolism in the brain and myelin and the association between lipidic alterations and AD pathology. We also present the abnormalities in oligodendrocyte lineage cells and white matter observed in AD. Additionally, we discuss metabolic disorders, including obesity, as AD risk factors and the effects of obesity and dietary intake of lipids on the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noe Kawade
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental MedicineNagoya UniversityJapan
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoya UniversityJapan
| | - Koji Yamanaka
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Research Institute of Environmental MedicineNagoya UniversityJapan
- Department of Neuroscience and Pathobiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoya UniversityJapan
- Institute for Glyco‐core Research (iGCORE)Nagoya UniversityJapan
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research (COMIT)Nagoya UniversityJapan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Neto A, Fernandes A, Barateiro A. The complex relationship between obesity and neurodegenerative diseases: an updated review. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1294420. [PMID: 38026693 PMCID: PMC10665538 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1294420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic, affecting roughly 30% of the world's population and predicted to rise. This disease results from genetic, behavioral, societal, and environmental factors, leading to excessive fat accumulation, due to insufficient energy expenditure. The adipose tissue, once seen as a simple storage depot, is now recognized as a complex organ with various functions, including hormone regulation and modulation of metabolism, inflammation, and homeostasis. Obesity is associated with a low-grade inflammatory state and has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's (AD), and Parkinson's (PD). Mechanistically, reduced adipose expandability leads to hypertrophic adipocytes, triggering inflammation, insulin and leptin resistance, blood-brain barrier disruption, altered brain metabolism, neuronal inflammation, brain atrophy, and cognitive decline. Obesity impacts neurodegenerative disorders through shared underlying mechanisms, underscoring its potential as a modifiable risk factor for these diseases. Nevertheless, further research is needed to fully grasp the intricate connections between obesity and neurodegeneration. Collaborative efforts in this field hold promise for innovative strategies to address this complex relationship and develop effective prevention and treatment methods, which also includes specific diets and physical activities, ultimately improving quality of life and health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Neto
- Central Nervous System, Blood and Peripheral Inflammation, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Adelaide Fernandes
- Central Nervous System, Blood and Peripheral Inflammation, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia Barateiro
- Central Nervous System, Blood and Peripheral Inflammation, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Loonstra FC, de Ruiter LRJ, Schoonheim MM, Moraal B, Strijbis EMM, de Jong BA, Uitdehaag BMJ. The role of diet in multiple sclerosis onset and course: results from a nationwide retrospective birth-year cohort. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023; 10:1268-1283. [PMID: 37421227 PMCID: PMC10424663 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine (1) the association between childhood diet and developing MS, age of onset and onset type and (2) the association between diet at age 50 and disability and MRI volumes in people with MS (PwMS). METHODS The study enrolled 361 PwMS born in 1966 and 125 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). Information on individual dietary components (fruit, vegetables, red meat, oily fish, whole-grain bread and candy, snacks and fast food) and MS risk factors at the age of 10 and 50 years were collected using questionnaires. Overall diet quality score was calculated for each participant. Multivariable regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between diet at childhood and developing MS, age of onset and onset type and to evaluate diet at age 50, disability and MRI outcomes. RESULTS Poorer overall diet quality and individual dietary components during childhood (less whole-grain bread, more candy, snacks and fast food and oily fish) were associated with developing MS and onset type (all p < 0.05), but not with the age of onset. Fruit consumption at age 50 was associated with lower disability (Q3 vs. Q1: -0.51; 95% CI: -0.89 to -0.13). Furthermore, several individual dietary components at age 50 were associated with MRI volumetric measures. Higher-diet quality at age 50 was only associated with lower lesion volumes in PwMS (Q2 vs. Q1: -0.3 mL; 95% CI: -0.5 to -0.02). INTERPRETATION We demonstrate significant associations between dietary factors in childhood and developing MS, age of onset and onset type and between dietary factors at age 50 and disability and MRI-derived volumes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Floor C. Loonstra
- MS Center Amsterdam, NeurologyVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmcAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Lodewijk R. J. de Ruiter
- MS Center Amsterdam, NeurologyVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmcAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- MS Center Amsterdam, Anatomy and NeurosciencesVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmcAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Menno M. Schoonheim
- MS Center Amsterdam, Anatomy and NeurosciencesVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmcAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan Moraal
- MS Center Amsterdam, Radiology and Nuclear MedicineVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmcAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Eva M. M. Strijbis
- MS Center Amsterdam, NeurologyVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmcAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Brigit A. de Jong
- MS Center Amsterdam, NeurologyVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmcAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Bernard M. J. Uitdehaag
- MS Center Amsterdam, NeurologyVrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC location VUmcAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abi-Ghanem C, Salinero AE, Kordit D, Mansour FM, Kelly RD, Venkataganesh H, Kyaw NR, Gannon OJ, Riccio D, Fredman G, Poitelon Y, Belin S, Kopec AM, Robison LS, Zuloaga KL. Sex differences in the effects of high fat diet on underlying neuropathology in a mouse model of VCID. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:31. [PMID: 37208759 PMCID: PMC10199629 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00513-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Damage to the cerebral vasculature can lead to vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). A reduction in blood flow to the brain leads to neuropathology, including neuroinflammation and white matter lesions that are a hallmark of VCID. Mid-life metabolic disease (obesity, prediabetes, or diabetes) is a risk factor for VCID which may be sex-dependent (female bias). METHODS We compared the effects of mid-life metabolic disease between males and females in a chronic cerebral hypoperfusion mouse model of VCID. C57BL/6J mice were fed a control or high fat (HF) diet starting at ~ 8.5 months of age. Three months after diet initiation, sham or unilateral carotid artery occlusion surgery (VCID model) was performed. Three months later, mice underwent behavior testing and brains were collected to assess pathology. RESULTS We have previously shown that in this VCID model, HF diet causes greater metabolic impairment and a wider array of cognitive deficits in females compared to males. Here, we report on sex differences in the underlying neuropathology, specifically white matter changes and neuroinflammation in several areas of the brain. White matter was negatively impacted by VCID in males and HF diet in females, with greater metabolic impairment correlating with less myelin markers in females only. High fat diet led to an increase in microglia activation in males but not in females. Further, HF diet led to a decrease in proinflammatory cytokines and pro-resolving mediator mRNA expression in females but not males. CONCLUSIONS The current study adds to our understanding of sex differences in underlying neuropathology of VCID in the presence of a common risk factor (obesity/prediabetes). This information is crucial for the development of effective, sex-specific therapeutic interventions for VCID.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charly Abi-Ghanem
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Abigail E Salinero
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - David Kordit
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Febronia M Mansour
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Richard D Kelly
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Harini Venkataganesh
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Nyi-Rein Kyaw
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Olivia J Gannon
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - David Riccio
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Gabrielle Fredman
- Department Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Yannick Poitelon
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Sophie Belin
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Ashley M Kopec
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Lisa S Robison
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33314, USA
| | - Kristen L Zuloaga
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-136, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Loonstra FC, Falize KF, de Ruiter LRJ, Schoonheim MM, Strijbis EMM, Killestein J, de Vries HE, Uitdehaag BMJ, Rijnsburger M. Adipokines in multiple sclerosis patients are related to clinical and radiological measures. J Neurol 2023; 270:2018-2030. [PMID: 36562851 PMCID: PMC10025234 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11519-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An imbalance of adipokines, hormones secreted by white adipose tissue, is suggested to play a role in the immunopathology of multiple sclerosis (MS). In people with MS (PwMS) of the same age, we aimed to determine whether the adipokines adiponectin, leptin, and resistin are associated with MS disease severity. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate whether these adipokines mediate the association between body mass index (BMI) and MS disease severity. METHODS Adiponectin, resistin, and leptin were determined in serum using ELISA. 288 PwMS and 125 healthy controls (HC) were included from the Project Y cohort, a population-based cross-sectional study of people with MS born in the Netherlands in 1966, and age and sex-matched HC. Adipokine levels and BMI were related to demographic, clinical and disability measures, and MRI-based brain volumes. RESULTS Adiponectin levels were 1.2 fold higher in PwMS vs. HC, especially in secondary progressive MS. Furthermore, we found a sex-specific increase in adiponectin levels in primary progressive (PP) male patients compared to male controls. Leptin and resistin levels did not differ between PwMS and HC, however, leptin levels were associated with higher disability (EDSS) and resistin strongly related to brain volumes in progressive patients, especially in several grey matter regions in PPMS. Importantly, correction for BMI did not significantly change the results. CONCLUSION In PwMS of the same age, we found associations between adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, and resistin) and a range of clinical and radiological metrics. These associations were independent of BMI, indicating distinct mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Floor C Loonstra
- MS Center Amsterdam, Neurology Department, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Amsterdam UMC), Location VUmc, De boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Kim F Falize
- MS Center Amsterdam, Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lodewijk R J de Ruiter
- MS Center Amsterdam, Neurology Department, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Amsterdam UMC), Location VUmc, De boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Menno M Schoonheim
- MS Center Amsterdam, Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva M M Strijbis
- MS Center Amsterdam, Neurology Department, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Amsterdam UMC), Location VUmc, De boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joep Killestein
- MS Center Amsterdam, Neurology Department, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Amsterdam UMC), Location VUmc, De boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- MS Center Amsterdam, Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard M J Uitdehaag
- MS Center Amsterdam, Neurology Department, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (Amsterdam UMC), Location VUmc, De boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Merel Rijnsburger
- MS Center Amsterdam, Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Obesity-Induced Brain Neuroinflammatory and Mitochondrial Changes. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13010086. [PMID: 36677011 PMCID: PMC9865135 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is defined as abnormal and excessive fat accumulation, and it is a risk factor for developing metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive deficits. Obesity is caused by an imbalance in energy homeostasis resulting from increased caloric intake associated with a sedentary lifestyle. However, the entire physiopathology linking obesity with neurodegeneration and cognitive decline has not yet been elucidated. During the progression of obesity, adipose tissue undergoes immune, metabolic, and functional changes that induce chronic low-grade inflammation. It has been proposed that inflammatory processes may participate in both the peripheral disorders and brain disorders associated with obesity, including the development of cognitive deficits. In addition, mitochondrial dysfunction is related to inflammation and oxidative stress, causing cellular oxidative damage. Preclinical and clinical studies of obesity and metabolic disorders have demonstrated mitochondrial brain dysfunction. Since neuronal cells have a high energy demand and mitochondria play an important role in maintaining a constant energy supply, impairments in mitochondrial activity lead to neuronal damage and dysfunction and, consequently, to neurotoxicity. In this review, we highlight the effect of obesity and high-fat diet consumption on brain neuroinflammation and mitochondrial changes as a link between metabolic dysfunction and cognitive decline.
Collapse
|
10
|
Arjmand G, Abbas-Zadeh M, Fardaei M, Eftekhari MH. The Effect of Short-term Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) Diet on Hunger Hormones, Anthropometric Parameters, and Brain Structures in Middle-aged Overweight and Obese Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 47:422-432. [PMID: 36117580 PMCID: PMC9445865 DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2021.90829.2180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background The rising prevalence of obesity, as well as its detrimental effects on the brain, has drawn attention to specific dietary patterns. This study aimed to examine the effect of the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) pattern on anthropometric parameters, hunger hormones, and brain structures in overweight and obese women. Methods This randomized trial was conducted in Shiraz between October 2018 and March 2019. We analyzed 37 healthy women with a mean age of 48±5.38 years and a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 32±0.69 Kg/m2. Participants were randomly allocated to a hypocaloric modified MIND diet or a hypocaloric control diet. Differences in anthropometric, laboratory analysis, and brain structure were determined at baseline and three-month follow-up. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0. Independent and paired sample t test were used to determine between and within differences. We also used mixed-model ANOVA to compare the mean differences between two-factor groups. Results A more significant weight reduction (P<0.0001), BMI (P<0.0001), percentage of body fat (P=0.03), waist circumference (P=0.01), and Leptin concentration (P=0.03) were found in the MIND diet group. The results also showed a significant increase in Ghrelin (P=0.002) and GLP-1 (P=0.01) levels in the MIND diet group. The findings revealed no differences in the whole and regional brain structures between the two groups. Conclusion For the first time, this study showed that the MIND diet intervention could improve the devastating effect of obesity on metabolic profiles and anthropometric parameters. However, we could not find its effect on brain structures.Trial registration number: IRCT20190427043387N1.A preprint of this study was published at https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.28.20142018v1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Golnaz Arjmand
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Abbas-Zadeh
- School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Fardaei
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Eftekhari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pflanz CP, Tozer DJ, Harshfield EL, Tay J, Farooqi S, Markus HS. Central obesity is selectively associated with cerebral gray matter atrophy in 15,634 subjects in the UK Biobank. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1059-1067. [PMID: 35145215 PMCID: PMC9050590 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00992-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a risk factor for both cardiovascular disease and dementia, but the mechanisms underlying this association are not fully understood. We examined associations between obesity, including estimates of central obesity using different modalities, with brain gray matter (GM) volume in the UK Biobank, a large population-based cohort study. METHODS To determine relationships between obesity and the brain we used brain MRI, abdominal MRI, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and bioelectric whole-body impedance. We determined whether obesity was associated with any change in brain gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes, and brain network efficiency derived from the structural connectome (wiring of the brain) as determined from diffusion-tensor MRI tractography. Using Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR), abdominal MRI and DXA we determined whether any associations were primarily with central rather than peripheral obesity, and whether associations were mediated by known cardiovascular risk factors. We analyzed brain MRI data from 15,634. RESULTS We found that central obesity, was associated with decreased GM volume (anthropometric data: p = 6.7 × 10-16, DXA: p = 8.3 × 10-81, abdominal MRI: p = 0.0006). Regional associations were found between central obesity and with specific GM subcortical nuclei (thalamus, caudate, pallidum, nucleus accumbens). In contrast, no associations were found with WM volume or structure, or brain network efficiency. The effects of central obesity on GM volume were not mediated by C-reactive protein or blood pressure, glucose, lipids. CONCLUSIONS Central body-fat distribution rather than the overall body-fat percentage is associated with gray matter changes in people with obesity. Further work is required to identify the factors that mediate the association between central obesity and GM atrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris-Patrick Pflanz
- University of Cambridge Stroke Research Group, Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Daniel J Tozer
- University of Cambridge Stroke Research Group, Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Eric L Harshfield
- University of Cambridge Stroke Research Group, Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jonathan Tay
- University of Cambridge Stroke Research Group, Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Sadaf Farooqi
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Welcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Hugh S Markus
- University of Cambridge Stroke Research Group, Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dmitrichenko O, Mou Y, Voortman T, White T, Jansen PW. Food-Approach Eating Behaviors and Brain Morphology: The Generation R Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:846148. [PMID: 35445055 PMCID: PMC9014090 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.846148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Food-approach eating behaviors are associated with an increased risk of developing overweight/obesity and binge-eating disorder, while obesity and binge-eating disorder have also been linked with altered brain morphology in adults. To understand these associations, we examined the association of food-approach eating behaviors during childhood with adolescents' brain morphology. The sample included 1,781 adolescents with assessments of eating behaviors at ages 4 and 10 years and brain imaging data at 13 years from a large, population-based cohort. Food approach eating behaviors (enjoyment of food, emotional overeating, and food responsiveness) were assessed using the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Additionally, we assessed binge eating symptoms using two items from the Development and Well-Being Assessment at 13 years of age. Adolescents participated in an MRI procedure and measures of brain morphology, including cerebral white, cerebral gray and subcortical gray matter volumes, were extracted from T1-weighted images processed using FreeSurfer. Enjoyment of food and food responsiveness at the age of 4 and 10 years were positively associated with cerebral white matter and subcortical gray matter volumes at age 13 years (e.g., enjoyment of food at 4 years and cerebral white matter: β = 2.73, 95% CI 0.51, 4.91). Enjoyment of food and food responsiveness at 4 years of age, but not at 10 years, were associated with a larger cerebral gray matter volume at 13 years of age (e.g., enjoyment of food at 4 years: β = 0.24, 95% CI 0.03, 0.45). No statistically significant associations were found for emotional overeating at both ages and brain measurements at 13 years of age. post-hoc analyses showed no associations of food-approach eating behaviors with amygdala or hippocampus. Lastly, we did not observe significant associations of binge-eating symptoms with global brain measurements and a priori-defined regions of interest, including the right frontal operculum, insular and orbitofrontal cortex. Our findings support an association between food-approach eating behaviors, especially enjoyment of food and food responsiveness, and brain morphology in adolescence. Our findings add important knowledge to previous studies that were mostly conducted in adults, by suggesting that the eating behavior-brain link may be visible earlier in life. Further research is needed to determine causality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Dmitrichenko
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany.,Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Yuchan Mou
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Trudy Voortman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Tonya White
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pauline W Jansen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Arjmand G, Abbas-Zadeh M, Eftekhari MH. Effect of MIND diet intervention on cognitive performance and brain structure in healthy obese women: a randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2871. [PMID: 35190536 PMCID: PMC8861002 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04258-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractPrevious studies suggested adherence to recently developed Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) associated with cognitive performance. This study aimed to examine the effect of MIND dietary pattern on cognitive performance features and changes in brain structure in healthy obese women. As a total of 50 obese women were assessed for eligibility, we randomly allocated 40 participants with mean BMI 32 ± 4.31 kg/m2 and mean age 48 ± 5.38 years to either calorie-restricted modified MIND diet or a calorie-restricted standard control diet. Change in cognitive performance was the primary outcome measured with a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery. We also performed voxel-based morphometry as a secondary outcome to quantify the differences in brain structure. All of the measurements were administered at baseline and 3 months follow-up. Thirty-seven participants (MIND group = 22 and control group = 15) completed the study. The results found in the MIND diet group working memory + 1.37 (95% CI 0.79, 1.95), verbal recognition memory + 4.85 (95% CI 3.30, 6.40), and attention + 3.75 (95% CI 2.43, 5.07) improved more compared with the control group (ps < 0.05). Results of brain MRI consist of an increase in surface area of the inferior frontal gyrus in the MIND diet group. Furthermore, the results showed a decrease in the cerebellum-white matter and cerebellum-cortex in two groups of study. Still, the effect in the MIND group was greater than the control group. The study findings declare for the first time that the MIND diet intervention can reverse the destructive effects of obesity on cognition and brain structure, which could be strengthened by a modest calorie restriction.Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04383704 (First registration date: 05/05/2020).
Collapse
|
14
|
Ryan MC, Hong LE, Hatch KS, Gao S, Chen S, Haerian K, Wang J, Goldwaser EL, Du X, Adhikari BM, Bruce H, Hare S, Kvarta MD, Jahanshad N, Nichols TE, Thompson PM, Kochunov P. The additive impact of cardio-metabolic disorders and psychiatric illnesses on accelerated brain aging. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:1997-2010. [PMID: 35112422 PMCID: PMC8933252 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe mental illnesses (SMI) including major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) elevate accelerated brain aging risks. Cardio‐metabolic disorders (CMD) are common comorbidities in SMI and negatively impact brain health. We validated a linear quantile regression index (QRI) approach against the machine learning “BrainAge” index in an independent SSD cohort (N = 206). We tested the direct and additive effects of SMI and CMD effects on accelerated brain aging in the N = 1,618 (604 M/1,014 F, average age = 63.53 ± 7.38) subjects with SMI and N = 11,849 (5,719 M/6,130 F; 64.42 ± 7.38) controls from the UK Biobank. Subjects were subdivided based on diagnostic status: SMI+/CMD+ (N = 665), SMI+/CMD− (N = 964), SMI−/CMD+ (N = 3,765), SMI−/CMD− (N = 8,083). SMI (F = 40.47, p = 2.06 × 10−10) and CMD (F = 24.69, p = 6.82 × 10−7) significantly, independently impacted whole‐brain QRI in SMI+. SSD had the largest effect (Cohen’s d = 1.42) then BD (d = 0.55), and MDD (d = 0.15). Hypertension had a significant effect on SMI+ (d = 0.19) and SMI− (d = 0.14). SMI effects were direct, independent of MD, and remained significant after correcting for effects of antipsychotic medications. Whole‐brain QRI was significantly (p < 10−16) associated with the volume of white matter hyperintensities (WMH). However, WMH did not show significant association with SMI and was driven by CMD, chiefly hypertension (p < 10−16). We used a simple and robust index, QRI, the demonstrate additive effect of SMI and CMD on accelerated brain aging. We showed a greater effect of psychiatric illnesses on QRI compared to cardio‐metabolic illness. Our findings suggest that subjects with SMI should be among the targets for interventions to protect against age‐related cognitive decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghann C Ryan
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - L Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathryn S Hatch
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Si Gao
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shuo Chen
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Krystl Haerian
- Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Jingtao Wang
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Eric L Goldwaser
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaoming Du
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bhim M Adhikari
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Heather Bruce
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephanie Hare
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark D Kvarta
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Thomas E Nichols
- Nuffield Department of Population Health of the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Roger C, Lasbleiz A, Guye M, Dutour A, Gaborit B, Ranjeva JP. The Role of the Human Hypothalamus in Food Intake Networks: An MRI Perspective. Front Nutr 2022; 8:760914. [PMID: 35047539 PMCID: PMC8762294 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.760914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamus (HT), this small structure often perceived through the prism of neuroimaging as morphologically and functionally homogeneous, plays a key role in the primitive act of feeding. The current paper aims at reviewing the contribution of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the study of the role of the HT in food intake regulation. It focuses on the different MRI techniques that have been used to describe structurally and functionally the Human HT. The latest advances in HT parcellation as well as perspectives in this field are presented. The value of MRI in the study of eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa (AN) and obesity are also highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Coleen Roger
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France.,Centre d'Exploration Métabolique par Résonance Magnétique (CEMEREM), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Hôpital Universitaire de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Adèle Lasbleiz
- Centre d'Exploration Métabolique par Résonance Magnétique (CEMEREM), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Hôpital Universitaire de la Timone, Marseille, France.,Département d'Endocrinologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Hôpital de la Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Maxime Guye
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France.,Centre d'Exploration Métabolique par Résonance Magnétique (CEMEREM), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Hôpital Universitaire de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Dutour
- Département d'Endocrinologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Hôpital de la Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Bénédicte Gaborit
- Département d'Endocrinologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Hôpital de la Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Ranjeva
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale (CRMBM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France.,Centre d'Exploration Métabolique par Résonance Magnétique (CEMEREM), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM), Hôpital Universitaire de la Timone, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li L, Yu H, Zhong M, Liu S, Wei W, Meng Y, Li ML, Li T, Wang Q. Gray matter volume alterations in subjects with overweight and obesity: Evidence from a voxel-based meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:955741. [PMID: 36226110 PMCID: PMC9548618 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.955741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a multi-systemic disease with complex etiology. And consistent evidence indicated obesity or overweight subjects render brain structure changes. Increasing evidence indicates these subjects have shown widespread structural brain gray matter volume (GMV) changes. However, results from other neuroimaging studies have been inconsistent. Consequently, the question remains whether body mass index (BMI), a gold standard to define obesity/overweight, is associated with brain structural changes. METHODS This study will apply an updated meta-analysis of voxel-based GMV studies to compare GMV changes in overweight and obese subjects. Online databases were used to build on relevant studies published before May 2022. The updated Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images (SDM-PSI) explores GMV changes in individuals with overweight and obesity and further examines the correlation between GMV and obesity-related variables, specifically body mass index (BMI). RESULTS This research included fourteen studies and provided a whole-brain analysis of GMV distribution in overweight and obese individuals. It revealed lower GMV in brain regions, including the left putamen and right precentral gyrus, in individuals with overweight and obesity compared to lean controls. Further, meta-regression analyses revealed GMV in the left middle occipital gyrus was negatively correlated with the BMI of the whole sample. CONCLUSION GMV decreased was reported in reward circuit processing areas and sensorimotor processing areas of individuals with overweight and obesity diagnoses, suggesting an underlying structural basis for reward processing and sensorimotor processing dysregulation in overweight and obese subjects. Our results also suggest that GMV in occipital gyrus, a key region for food visual and gustatory encoding, is negatively associated with BMI. These results provide further evidence for the dysregulated reward circuit in individuals with overweight and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- Department of Sport and Health Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Siyi Liu
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, China
| | - Yajing Meng
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming-Li Li
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Takeuchi H, Kawashima R. Effects of Body Mass Index on Brain Structures in the Elderly: Longitudinal Analyses. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:824661. [PMID: 35721742 PMCID: PMC9204255 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.824661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between obesity and neurocognitive consequences is complex. Here we investigated associations between body mass index (BMI) and subsequent changes in brain structures, cognitive changes, and the onset of dementia after adjustment of a wide range of potential confounding variables using a large prospective cohort data of UK Biobank. After correcting for confounding factors, higher BMI was associated with greater retention in visuospatial memory performance (decline in error numbers) [beta = -0.019 (CI:-0.027~-0.016), N = 39191], increase in depression tendency scores [beta = 0.036(0.027~0.045)] as well as decreased risk of incident dementia [increasing BMI by 1 is associated with HR of 0.981 (CI:0.969~0.992), N = 398782], but not changes in fluid intelligence or reaction time. Whole brain multiple regression analyses (volumetric analyses: N = 1253, other analyses: N = 1241) revealed positive associations between BMI and subsequent changes in regional gray matter volume (rGMV) in multiple areas, regional white matter volume changes in widespread white matter (WM) tracts, fractional anisotropy changes in several tracts, and intracellular volume fraction (ICVF) and orientation dispersion (OD) in widespread areas, and isotropic volume fraction (ISOVF) in a few areas, and negative associations between BMI and subsequent changes in rGMV in the bilateral medial temporal lobe areas, mean, axial and radial diffusivity, and ISOVF in widespread areas. These results are mostly consistent with the view that less BMI precedes greater neurocognitive aging or atrophy, with a few exceptions including OD findings and the rGMV finding of the medial temporal lobes as most of significant longitudinal associations of higher BMI were opposite to those seen in higher age and dementia. Future epidemiological studies should consider separating effects of higher BMI itself from potential confounders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Takeuchi
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hikaru Takeuchi,
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Smart Aging Research Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Advanced Brain Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ben-Zacharia AB, Janal MN, Brody AA, Wolinsky J, Lublin F, Cutter G. The Effect of Body Mass Index on Brain Volume and Cognitive Function in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple sclerosis: A CombiRx Secondary Analysis. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2021; 13:11795735211042173. [PMID: 34759712 PMCID: PMC8573693 DOI: 10.1177/11795735211042173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease leading to physical, emotional and cognitive disability. High body mass index (BMI) may impact cognitive function and brain volume in MS. Yet, there is paucity of evidence addressing the impact of BMI on cognitive function and brain volume in MS. Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of BMI on normal appearing brain volume and cognitive function in patients with relapsing–remitting MS. Methods A secondary data analysis of the NIH CombiRx study was conducted. Multivariate regression and mixed model analyses were executed to analyze the effect of BMI on brain volume and cognitive function. Results The mean baseline age of the 768 participants was 38.2(SD = 9.4) years. 73% were female and 88.8% were Caucasian. The mean BMI was 28.8 kg/m2(SD = 6.7). The multivariate regression and mixed model analyses failed to show a clinical effect of BMI on brain volume and cognitive function. Conclusion BMI did not show an effect on cognitive function and brain volume among MS patients. Although there is increased interest in the effects of modifiable factors on the course of MS, the effects of BMI on brain volume and cognitive function are debatable and warrant further research. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00211887
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aliza Bitton Ben-Zacharia
- Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA.,Bellevue School of Nursing, Hunter College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Malvin N Janal
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, NYU College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jerry Wolinsky
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas, Huston, TX, USA
| | - Fred Lublin
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gary Cutter
- School of Public Health, UAB, Birmingham, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liśkiewicz AD, Liśkiewicz D, Marczak Ł, Przybyła M, Grabowska K, Student S, Dębiec M, Sługocka A, Lewin-Kowalik J. Obesity-associated deterioration of the hippocampus is partially restored after weight loss. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 96:212-226. [PMID: 34087424 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity is a multidimensional condition that is treatable by the restoration of a lean phenotype; however, some obesity-related outcomes may persist after weight normalization. Among the organs of the human body, the brain possesses a relatively low regenerative capacity and could retain perturbations established as a result of developmental obesity. Calorie restriction (CR) or a restricted ketogenic diet (KD) are successfully used as weight loss approaches, but their impact on obesity-related effects in the brain have not been previously evaluated. METHODS We performed a series of experiments in a rat model of developmental obesity induced by a 12-week cafeteria diet, followed by CR to implement weight loss. First, we assessed the impact of obesity on neurogenesis (BrdU incorporation into the hippocampus), cognitive function (water maze), and concomitant changes in hippocampal protein expression (GC/MS-MS, western blot). Next, we repeated these experiments in a rat model of weight loss induced by CR. We also measured mitochondrial enzyme activity in rats after weight loss during the fed or fasting state. This study was extended by additional experiments with restricted KD used as a weight loss approach in order to compare the efficacy of two different nutritional interventions used in the treatment of obesity on hippocampal functions. By using a modified version of the water maze we evaluated cognitive abilities in rats subjected to weight loss by CR or a restricted KD. RESULTS In this study, obesity affected metabolic processes, upregulated hippocampal NF-κB, and induced proteomic differences which were associated with impaired cognition and neurogenesis. Weight loss improved neurogenesis and enhanced cognition. While the expression pattern of some proteins persisted after weight loss, most of the changes appeared de novo revealing metabolic adjustment by overactivation of citrate synthase and downregulation of ATP synthase. As a consequence of fasting, the activity of these enzymes indicated hippocampal adaptation to negative energy balance during the weight loss phase of CR. Moreover, the effects on cognitive abilities measured after weight loss were negatively correlated with the animal weight measured at the final stage of weight gain. This was alleviated by KD, which improved cognition when used as a weight loss approach. CONCLUSIONS The study shows that cognition and mitochondrial metabolism in the hippocampus are affected by CR- or KD-induced weight loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz D Liśkiewicz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland; Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice 40-065, Poland.
| | - Daniela Liśkiewicz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice 40-065, Poland; Department for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Łukasz Marczak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan 61-704, Poland
| | - Marta Przybyła
- Department for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Konstancja Grabowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice 40-065, Poland; Department for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Sebastian Student
- Institute of Automatic Control, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice 44-100, Poland; Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice 44-100, Poland
| | - Magdalena Dębiec
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice 40-065, Poland
| | - Anna Sługocka
- Department for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| | - Joanna Lewin-Kowalik
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice 40-752, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bodden C, Hannan AJ, Reichelt AC. Of 'junk food' and 'brain food': how parental diet influences offspring neurobiology and behaviour. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:566-578. [PMID: 33941448 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Unhealthy lifestyles and mental health problems are increasingly prevalent globally. Not only are 'junk food'-induced overweight and obesity risk factors for the development of brain disorders but they are also associated intergenerationally with ill health. Here, we reflect on the current knowledge of how maternal and paternal diet influences offspring brain development and behaviour, potentially predisposing children to mental health problems. Mounting evidence indicates diet-induced maternal and paternal programming of infant metabolism and neurobehavioural function, with potential downstream effects on mental health and resilience. Beyond the central nervous system (CNS), the microbiota-gut-brain axis has emerged as an important mediator of host physiology. We discuss how intergenerational seeding of the gut microbiome via parental lineage can influence offspring gut health and neurobiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carina Bodden
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Anthony J Hannan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Amy C Reichelt
- Department of Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Loos RJF, Burant C, Schur EA. Strategies to Understand the Weight-Reduced State: Genetics and Brain Imaging. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29 Suppl 1:S39-S50. [PMID: 33759393 PMCID: PMC8500189 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Most individuals with obesity or overweight have difficulty maintaining weight loss. The weight-reduced state induces changes in many physiological processes that appear to drive weight regain. Here, we review the use of cell biology, genetics, and imaging techniques that are being used to begin understanding why weight regain is the normal response to dieting. As with obesity itself, weight regain has both genetic and environmental drivers. Genetic drivers for "thinness" and "obesity" largely overlap, but there is evidence for specific genetic loci that are different for each of these weight states. There is only limited information regarding the genetics of weight regain. Currently, most genetic loci related to weight point to the central nervous system as the organ responsible for determining the weight set point. Neuroimaging tools have proved useful in studying the contribution of the central nervous system to the weight-reduced state in humans. Neuroimaging technologies fall into three broad categories: functional, connectivity, and structural neuroimaging. Connectivity and structural imaging techniques offer unique opportunities for testing mechanistic hypotheses about changes in brain function or tissue structure in the weight-reduced state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth J. F. Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Charles Burant
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ellen A. Schur
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gómez-Apo E, Mondragón-Maya A, Ferrari-Díaz M, Silva-Pereyra J. Structural Brain Changes Associated with Overweight and Obesity. J Obes 2021; 2021:6613385. [PMID: 34327017 PMCID: PMC8302366 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6613385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global health problem with a broad set of comorbidities, such as malnutrition, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, systemic hypertension, heart failure, and kidney failure. This review describes recent findings of neuroimaging and two studies of cell density regarding the roles of overnutrition-induced hypothalamic inflammation in neurodegeneration. These studies provided consistent evidence of smaller cortical thickness or reduction in the gray matter volume in people with overweight and obesity; however, the investigated brain regions varied across the studies. In general, bilateral frontal and temporal areas, basal nuclei, and cerebellum are more commonly involved. Mechanisms of volume reduction are unknown, and neuroinflammation caused by obesity is likely to induce neuronal loss. Adipocytes, macrophages of the adipose tissue, and gut dysbiosis in overweight and obese individuals result in the secretion of the cytokines and chemokines that cross the blood-brain barrier and may stimulate microglia, which in turn also release proinflammatory cytokines. This leads to chronic low-grade neuroinflammation and may be an important factor for apoptotic signaling and neuronal death. Additionally, significant microangiopathy observed in rat models may be another important mechanism of induction of apoptosis. Neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases) may be similar to that in metabolic diseases induced by malnutrition. Poor cognitive performance, mainly in executive functions, in individuals with obesity is also discussed. This review highlights the neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative mechanisms linked to obesity and emphasizes the importance of developing effective prevention and treatment intervention strategies for overweight and obese individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erick Gómez-Apo
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Mondragón-Maya
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Martina Ferrari-Díaz
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Juan Silva-Pereyra
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ha J, Kwon Y, Kwon YJ, Kim D, Han K, Jang M, Park S, Nam GE, Kim YH, Kim DH, Park YG, Cho KH. Variability in body weight precedes diagnosis in dementia: A nationwide cohort study. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01811. [PMID: 32856784 PMCID: PMC7667348 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While there have been disagreements concerning whether obesity and increase in body weight elevate the risk of dementia, variability in body weight has been recently recognized as a new biometric associated with a high risk for a number of diseases. This nationwide, population-based cohort study examined the association between body weight variability and dementia. METHODS A total of 2,812,245 adults (mean age, 51.7 years; standard deviation, 8.6) without a history of dementia who underwent at least three health examinations between 2005 and 2012 in a nationwide cohort were followed-up until the date of dementia diagnosis (based on prescribed drugs and disease code) or until 2016 (median follow-up duration, 5.38 years; interquartile range, 5.16-5.61). Cox regression models were used to evaluate the risk of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia according to body weight variability. RESULTS The hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of the highest quartiles of variability were 1.42 (1.35-1.49) for Alzheimer's disease and 1.47 (1.32-1.63) for vascular dementia compared to the lowest quartile group as a reference. This association was consistent in various subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Body weight variability could predict Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia, which may provide new insights into the prevention and management of dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Ha
- Department of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Center for Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeongkeun Kwon
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Foregut Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ye-Ji Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - DaHye Kim
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Jang
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sungsoo Park
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Foregut Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ga Eun Nam
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yang Hyun Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do Hoon Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Gyu Park
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwan Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Eide PK, Hasan-Olive MM, Hansson HA, Enger R. Increased occurrence of pathological mitochondria in astrocytic perivascular endfoot processes and neurons of idiopathic intracranial hypertension. J Neurosci Res 2020; 99:467-480. [PMID: 33105056 PMCID: PMC7821105 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) primarily affects fertile, overweight women, and presents with the symptoms of raised intracranial pressure. The etiology is unknown but has been thought to relate to cerebrospinal fluid disturbance or cerebral venous stenosis. We have previously found evidence that IIH is also a disease of the brain parenchyma, evidenced by alterations at the neurogliovascular interface, including astrogliosis, pathological changes in the basement membrane and pericytes, and alterations of perivascular aquaporin‐4. The aim of this present electron microscopic study was to examine whether mitochondria phenotype was changed in IIH, particularly focusing on perivascular astrocytic endfeet and neurons (soma and pre‐ and postsynaptic terminals). Cortical brain biopsies of nine reference individuals and eight IIH patients were analyzed for subcellular distribution and phenotypical features of mitochondria using transmission electron microscopy. We found significantly increased prevalence of pathological mitochondria and reduced number of normal mitochondria in astrocytic endfeet of IIH patients. The degree of astrogliosis correlated negatively with the number of normal mitochondria in astrocytic endfoot processes. Moreover, we found significantly increased number of pathological mitochondria in pre‐ and postsynaptic neuronal terminals, as well as significantly shortened distance between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum contacts. Finally, the length of postsynaptic density, a marker of synaptic strength, was on average reduced in IIH. The present data provide evidence of pathological mitochondria in perivascular astrocytes endfeet and neurons of IIH patients, highlighting that impaired metabolism at the neurogliovascular interface may be a facet of IIH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Per Kristian Eide
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Md Mahdi Hasan-Olive
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hans-Arne Hansson
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Rune Enger
- GliaLab and Letten Centre, Division of Anatomy and Division of Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
McKinnon AC, Stickel A, Ryan L. Cardiovascular risk factors and APOE-ε4 status affect memory functioning in aging via changes to temporal stem diffusion. J Neurosci Res 2020; 99:502-517. [PMID: 33070365 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Prior research investigating associations between hypertension, obesity, and apolipoprotein (APOE) genotype status with memory performance among older adults has yielded inconsistent results. This may reflect, in part, a lack of first accounting for the effects these variables have on structural brain changes, that in turn contribute to age-related memory impairment. The current study sought to clarify the relationships between these factors via path modeling. We hypothesized that higher body mass index (BMI), hypertension, and being an APOE-ε4 allele carrier would predict poorer memory scores, with much of these effects accounted for by indirect effects operating via differences in the integrity of temporal stem white matter. Participants included 125 healthy older adults who underwent neuropsychological assessment and diffusion-weighted MRI scanning. Direct effects were found for hypertension and demographic variables including age, sex, and education. Importantly, indirect effects were found for BMI, hypertension, APOE-ε4 status, age, and sex, where these factors predicted memory scores via their impact on temporal stem diffusion measures. There was also a dual effect of sex, with a direct effect indicating that females had better memory performance overall, and an indirect effect indicating that females with greater temporal stem diffusion had poorer memory performance. Results suggest that changes to the integrity of temporal white matter in aging may underpin reduced memory performance. These results highlight that accounting for variables that not only directly impact cognition, but also for those that indirectly impact cognition via structural brain changes, is crucial for understanding the impact of risk factors on cognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C McKinnon
- Cognition and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Healthy Brain Ageing Program, School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ariana Stickel
- Cognition and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lee Ryan
- Cognition and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lugo‐Candelas C, Pang Y, Lee S, Cha J, Hong S, Ranzenhofer L, Korn R, Davis H, McInerny H, Schebendach J, Chung WK, Leibel RL, Walsh BT, Posner J, Rosenbaum M, Mayer L. Differences in brain structure and function in children with the FTO obesity-risk allele. Obes Sci Pract 2020; 6:409-424. [PMID: 32874676 PMCID: PMC7448161 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Noncoding alleles of the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene have been associated with obesity risk, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Risk allele carriers show alterations in brain structure and function, but previous studies have not disassociated the effects of genotype from those of body mass index (BMI). METHODS Differences in brain structure and function were examined in children without obesity grouped by their number of copies (0,1,2) of the FTO obesity-risk single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1421085. One hundred five 5- to 10-year-olds (5th-95th percentile body fat) were eligible to participate. Usable scans were obtained from 93 participants (15 CC [homozygous risk], 31 CT [heterozygous] and 47 TT [homozygous low risk]). RESULTS Homozygous C allele carriers (CCs) showed greater grey matter volume in the cerebellum and temporal fusiform gyrus. CCs also demonstrated increased bilateral cerebellar white matter fibre density and increased resting-state functional connectivity between the bilateral cerebellum and regions in the frontotemporal cortices. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to examine brain structure and function related to FTO alleles in young children not yet manifesting obesity. This study lends support to the notion that the cerebellum may be involved in FTO-related risk for obesity, yet replication and further longitudinal study are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Lugo‐Candelas
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Yajing Pang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroinformationUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Seonjoo Lee
- New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public HealthColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | - Jiook Cha
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Susie Hong
- New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Lisa Ranzenhofer
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Rachel Korn
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Haley Davis
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Hailey McInerny
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Janet Schebendach
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Wendy K. Chung
- Department of PediatricsColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of MedicineColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Rudolph L. Leibel
- Department of PediatricsColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes CenterColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - B. Timothy Walsh
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Jonathan Posner
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Laurel Mayer
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Neuroimaging of Sex/Gender Differences in Obesity: A Review of Structure, Function, and Neurotransmission. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12071942. [PMID: 32629783 PMCID: PMC7400469 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While the global prevalence of obesity has risen among both men and women over the past 40 years, obesity has consistently been more prevalent among women relative to men. Neuroimaging studies have highlighted several potential mechanisms underlying an individual’s propensity to become obese, including sex/gender differences. Obesity has been associated with structural, functional, and chemical alterations throughout the brain. Whereas changes in somatosensory regions appear to be associated with obesity in men, reward regions appear to have greater involvement in obesity among women than men. Sex/gender differences have also been observed in the neural response to taste among people with obesity. A more thorough understanding of these neural and behavioral differences will allow for more tailored interventions, including diet suggestions, for the prevention and treatment of obesity.
Collapse
|
28
|
Neuroanatomical changes in white and grey matter after sleeve gastrectomy. Neuroimage 2020; 213:116696. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
|
29
|
Gracia-Marco L, Esteban-Cornejo I, Ubago-Guisado E, Rodriguez-Ayllon M, Mora-Gonzalez J, Solis-Urra P, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Verdejo-Roman J, Catena A, Erickson KI, Ortega FB. Lean mass index is positively associated with white matter volumes in several brain regions in children with overweight/obesity. Pediatr Obes 2020; 15:e12604. [PMID: 31920013 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship of obesity with grey and white matter volumes has been examined in several studies, and the results are decidedly mixed. OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations of body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI) and lean mass index (LMI) with total and regional grey and white matter volumes. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study involving 100 children (60% boys) with overweight/obesity. T1-weighted images were acquired using magnetic resonance imaging. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure body composition. Separate hierarchical regression analyses were performed between predictor variables (BMI, FMI and LMI) and the total brain volumes including sex, years from peak height velocity and parental education as covariates. In addition, FMI was added as a covariate when LMI was the predictor and vice versa. Statistical analyses of imaging data were performed using three whole-brain voxel-wise multiple regression models and adjusted by the same covariates. RESULTS LMI was positively associated with white matter in numerous regions and to a lower extent, with grey matter regions. Further, the relationship between LMI, and grey and white matter regions was independent of FMI levels. CONCLUSIONS LMI seems to be a positive predictor of regional white matter volumes in children with overweight/obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Gracia-Marco
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Irene Esteban-Cornejo
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Esther Ubago-Guisado
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Maria Rodriguez-Ayllon
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Mora-Gonzalez
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Patricio Solis-Urra
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,IRyS Research Group, School of Physical Education, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,MOVE-IT Research Group and Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan Verdejo-Roman
- Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Granada (CIMCYC-UGR), Granada, Spain.,Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (UCM-UPM), Centre for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andres Catena
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Mind, Brain and Behaviour Research Centre (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- Brain Aging and Cognitive Health Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kolenič M, Španiel F, Hlinka J, Matějka M, Knytl P, Šebela A, Renka J, Hajek T. Higher Body-Mass Index and Lower Gray Matter Volumes in First Episode of Psychosis. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:556759. [PMID: 33173508 PMCID: PMC7538831 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.556759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurostructural alterations are often reported in first episode of psychosis (FEP), but there is heterogeneity in the direction and location of findings between individual studies. The reasons for this heterogeneity remain unknown. Obesity is disproportionately frequent already early in the course of psychosis and is associated with smaller brain volumes. Thus, we hypothesized that obesity may contribute to brain changes in FEP. METHOD We analyzed MRI scans from 120 participants with FEP and 114 healthy participants. In primary analyses, we performed voxel-based morphometry (VBM) with small volume corrections to regions associated with FEP or obesity in previous meta-analyses. In secondary analyses, we performed whole-brain VBM analyses. RESULTS In primary analyses, we found that when controlling for BMI, FEP had lower GM volume than healthy participants in a) left fronto-temporal region (pTFCE = 0.008) and b) left postcentral gyrus (pTFCE = 0.043). When controlling for FEP, BMI was associated with lower GM volume in left cerebellum (pTFCE < 0.001). In secondary analyses, we found that when controlling for BMI, FEP had lower GM volume than healthy participants in the a) cerebellum (pTFCE = 0.004), b) left frontal (pTFCE = 0.024), and c) right temporal cortex (pTFCE = 0.031). When controlling for FEP, BMI was associated with lower GM volume in cerebellum (pTFCE = 0.004). Levels of C-reactive protein, HDL and LDL-cholesterol correlated with obesity related neurostructural alterations. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that higher BMI, which is frequent in FEP, may contribute to cerebellar alterations in schizophrenia. As previous studies showed that obesity-related brain alterations may be reversible, our findings raise the possibility that improving the screening for and treatment of obesity and associated metabolic changes could preserve brain structure in FEP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marián Kolenič
- Department of Applied Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Filip Španiel
- Department of Applied Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
| | - Jaroslav Hlinka
- Department of Applied Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Department of Complex Systems, Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Matějka
- Department of Applied Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pavel Knytl
- Department of Applied Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Antonín Šebela
- Department of Applied Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
| | - Jiří Renka
- Department of Applied Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomas Hajek
- Department of Applied Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Nota MH, Vreeken D, Wiesmann M, Aarts EO, Hazebroek EJ, Kiliaan AJ. Obesity affects brain structure and function- rescue by bariatric surgery? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 108:646-657. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
32
|
Is There a Contribution of Structural Brain Phenotypes to the Variance in Resting Energy Expenditure before and after Weight Loss in Overweight Females? Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112759. [PMID: 31739433 PMCID: PMC6893761 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain gray (GM) and white matter (WM) are associated with resting energy expenditure (REE). The impact of weight loss on GM and WM masses, as well as on their associations with REE and the ratio between body and brain metabolism, i.e., encephalic measure (EM)), are unknown. Longitudinal data of 69 female Caucasian subjects (age range 19–69 years) with detailed information on fat mass (FM), fat free mas (FFM), GM, WM and REE. Mean weight loss was 14.5 ± 11.9 kg with changes in FM (−12.9 ± 9.8 kg), FFM (−1.7 ± 4.8 kg) and REE (−159 ± 191 kcal/24 h) (all p < 0.05). With weight loss, there were no changes in GM and WM. Before and after weight loss, FFM was the main determinant of REE (r2 = 0.483 and 0.413; p < 0.05). After weight loss, GM added to the variances in REE (3.6%), REEadjFFM (6.1%) and the REE on FFM residuals (6.6%). In addition, before and after weight loss GM explained 25.0% and 10.0% of the variances in EM (p < 0.05). Weight loss had no effect on volumes of GM and WM. After weight loss, both, GM added to the variances of REE, REE on FFM residuals and EM.
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Studies have linked obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and dementia. Their relationship to the incidence and progression of these disease states suggests an interconnected pathogenesis involving chronic low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress. Metabolic syndrome represents comorbidities of central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, NAFLD, atherosclerotic CVD and neurodegenerative disease. As the socioeconomic burden for these diseases has grown signficantly with an increasing elderly population, new and alternative pharmacologic solutions for these cardiometabolic diseases are required. Adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liver are central endocrine organs that regulate inflammation, energy and metabolic homeostasis, and the neuroendocrine axis through synthesis and secretion of adipokines, myokines, and hepatokines, respectively. These organokines affect each other and communicate through various endocrine, paracrine and autocrine pathways. The ultimate goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of organ crosstalk. This will include the roles of novel organokines in normal physiologic regulation and their pathophysiological effect in obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, CVD, NAFLD and neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Soo Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Mook Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sanguinetti E, Guzzardi MA, Panetta D, Tripodi M, De Sena V, Quaglierini M, Burchielli S, Salvadori PA, Iozzo P. Combined Effect of Fatty Diet and Cognitive Decline on Brain Metabolism, Food Intake, Body Weight, and Counteraction by Intranasal Insulin Therapy in 3×Tg Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:188. [PMID: 31130848 PMCID: PMC6509878 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and cognitive decline can occur in association. Brain dysmetabolism and insulin resistance might be common underlying traits. We aimed to examine the effect of high-fat diet (HFD) on cognitive decline, and of cognitive impairment on food intake and body-weight, and explore efficacy of chronic intranasal insulin (INI) therapy. We used control (C) and triple transgenic mice (3×Tg, a model of Alzheimer's pathology) to measure cerebral mass, glucose metabolism, and the metabolic response to acute INI administration (cerebral insulin sensitivity). Y-Maze, positron emission-computed tomography, and histology were employed in 8 and 14-month-old mice, receiving normal diet (ND) or HFD. Chronic INI therapy was tested in an additional 3×Tg-HFD group. The 3×Tg groups overate, and had lower body-weight, but similar BMI, than diet-matched controls. Cognitive decline was progressive from HFD to 3×Tg-ND to 3×Tg-HFD. At 8 months, brain fasting glucose uptake (GU) was increased by C-HFD, and this effect was blunted in 3×Tg-HFD mice, also showing brain insulin resistance. Brain mass was reduced in 3×Tg mice at 14 months. Dentate gyrus dimensions paralleled cognitive findings. Chronic INI preserved cognition, dentate gyrus and metabolism, reducing food intake, and body weight in 3×Tg-HFD mice. Peripherally, leptin was suppressed and PAI-1 elevated in 3×Tg mice, correlating inversely with cerebral GU. In conclusion, 3×Tg background and HFD exert additive (genes*lifestyle) detriment to the brain, and cognitive dysfunction is accompanied by increased food intake in 3×Tg mice. PAI-1 levels and leptin deficiency were identified as potential peripheral contributors. Chronic INI improved peripheral and central outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sanguinetti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy.,Scuola Superiore di Studi Universitari Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Panetta
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Tripodi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Sena
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Mauro Quaglierini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Piero A Salvadori
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Patricia Iozzo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Medic N, Kochunov P, Ziauddeen H, Ersche KD, Nathan PJ, Ronan L, Fletcher PC. BMI-related cortical morphometry changes are associated with altered white matter structure. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 43:523-532. [PMID: 30568264 PMCID: PMC6462878 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0269-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While gross measures of brain structure have shown alterations with increasing body mass index (BMI), the extent and nature of such changes has varied substantially across studies. Here, we sought to determine whether small-scale morphometric measures might prove more sensitive and reliable than larger scale measures and whether they might offer a valuable opportunity to link cortical changes to underlying white matter changes. To examine this, we explored the association of BMI with millimetre-scale Gaussian curvature, in addition to standard measures of morphometry such as cortical thickness, surface area and mean curvature. We also assessed the volume and integrity of the white matter, using white matter signal intensity and fractional anisotropy (FA). We hypothesised that BMI would be linked to small-scale changes in Gaussian curvature and that this phenomenon would be mediated by changes in the integrity of the underlying white matter. METHODS The association of global measures of T1-weighted cortical morphometry with BMI was examined using linear regression and mediation analyses in two independent groups of healthy young to middle aged human subjects (n1 = 52, n2 = 202). In a third dataset of (n3 = 897), which included diffusion tensor images, we sought to replicate the significant associations established in the first two datasets, and examine the potential mechanistic link between BMI-associated cortical changes and global FA. RESULTS Gaussian curvature of the white matter surface showed a significant, positive association with BMI across all three independent datasets. This effect was mediated by a negative association between the integrity of the white matter and BMI. CONCLUSIONS Increasing BMI is associated with changes in white matter microstructure in young to middle-aged healthy adults. Our results are consistent with a model whereby BMI-linked cortical changes are mediated by the effects of BMI on white matter microstructure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nenad Medic
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, UK
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hisham Ziauddeen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, UK
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB21 5EF, UK
| | - Karen D Ersche
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, UK
| | - Pradeep J Nathan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, UK
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Heptares Therapeutics Ltd, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lisa Ronan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, UK
| | - Paul C Fletcher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, UK.
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
- Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, CB21 5EF, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Herrmann MJ, Tesar AK, Beier J, Berg M, Warrings B. Grey matter alterations in obesity: A meta-analysis of whole-brain studies. Obes Rev 2019; 20:464-471. [PMID: 30537231 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major problem in the modern world causing a higher risk for various cerebrovascular diseases causing a profound individual and societal burden. The neurobiological foundation bears potential to understand the complex interaction of individual differences in brain structure and function and ingestive behaviour. This systematic review was performed on the current evidence of structural abnormalities in grey matter volume (GMV) in patients with obesity based on studies published until December 2017, which were selected through search in PubMed, CENTER (Cochrane Library), PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Ovid MEDLINE. Ten studies were included; all of them included patients with obesity and provided a whole-brain analysis of grey matter (GM) distribution. Our findings confirmed the most consistent GM reductions in patients with obesity in the left, middle, and right inferior frontal gyrus (including the insula), the left middle temporal cortex, the left precentral gyrus, and the cerebellum. On the other hand, increased GMV in patients with obesity were found in the left cuneus, left middle frontal gyrus, left inferior occipital gyrus, and corpus callosum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Herrmann
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Katrin Tesar
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Beier
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Max Berg
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Bodo Warrings
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kakoschke N, Lorenzetti V, Caeyenberghs K, Verdejo-García A. Impulsivity and body fat accumulation are linked to cortical and subcortical brain volumes among adolescents and adults. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2580. [PMID: 30796265 PMCID: PMC6385240 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38846-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated not only with metabolic and physical health conditions, but with individual variations in cognition and brain health. This study examined the association between body fat (an index of excess weight severity), impulsivity (a vulnerability factor for obesity), and brain structure among adolescents and adults across the body mass index (BMI) spectrum. We used 3D T1 weighted anatomic magnetic resonance imaging scans to map the association between body fat and volumes in regions associated with obesity and impulsivity. Participants were 127 individuals (BMI: 18-40 kg/m2; M = 25.69 ± 5.15), aged 14 to 45 years (M = 24.79 ± 9.60; female = 64). Body fat was measured with bioelectric impendence technology, while impulsivity was measured with the UPPS-P Impulsive Behaviour Scale. Results showed that higher body fat was associated with larger cerebellar white matter, medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and nucleus accumbens volume, although the latter finding was specific to adolescents. The relationship between body fat and medial OFC volume was moderated by impulsivity. Elevated impulsivity was also associated with smaller amygdala and larger frontal pole volumes. Our findings link vulnerability and severity markers of obesity with neuroanatomical measures of frontal, limbic and cerebellar structures, and unravel specific links between body fat and striatal volume in adolescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Kakoschke
- School of Psychological Sciences & Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Valentina Lorenzetti
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen Caeyenberghs
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Antonio Verdejo-García
- School of Psychological Sciences & Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Augustijn MJCM, Deconinck FJA, D'Hondt E, Van Acker L, De Guchtenaere A, Lenoir M, Caeyenberghs K. Reduced motor competence in children with obesity is associated with structural differences in the cerebellar peduncles. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 12:1000-1010. [PMID: 28831722 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-017-9760-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that neurological factors partly explain the reduced motor competence found in many children with obesity. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to compare motor competence and white matter organization of important pathways for motor control (cerebellar peduncles) in children with and without obesity. Nineteen children with obesity and 25 children with a healthy weight, aged 7-11 years old, were included. Anthropometric measurements were taken and the level of motor competence was assessed using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (2nd Edition). Children's brain was scanned using diffusion weighted imaging preceded by a standard anatomical scan. Fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity were extracted from the cerebellar peduncles. Obese children's level of motor competence was significantly lower than that in healthy weight peers (p < 0.05). Additionally, significant group differences (p < 0.05) were found for values of fractional anisotropy, but not for mean diffusivity. Further analyses revealed that lower values of fractional anisotropy in the inferior (p = 0.040) and superior (p = 0.007) cerebellar peduncles were present in children with obesity compared to children with a healthy weight. After controlling for multiple comparisons (p < 0.0167), only significant differences in the superior cerebellar peduncle remained significant. Our results showed that childhood obesity is accompanied by reduced motor competence and alterations in white matter organization. This suggests that the motor difficulties of children with obesity are not solely due to carrying excess weight, which may have implications for prevention and intervention programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mireille J C M Augustijn
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium. .,Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), Brussel, Belgium.
| | - Frederik J A Deconinck
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva D'Hondt
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussel, Belgium
| | - Lore Van Acker
- Zeepreventorium VZW, Koninklijke Baan 5, 8420, De Haan, Belgium
| | | | - Matthieu Lenoir
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karen Caeyenberghs
- School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, 115 Victoria Pde, Melbourne, VIC, 3065, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cadenhead KS, Minichino A, Kelsven S, Addington J, Bearden C, Cannon TD, Cornblatt BA, Mathalon D, McGlashan TH, Perkins DO, Seidman LJ, Tsuang M, Walker EF, Woods SW, Yao J. Metabolic abnormalities and low dietary Omega 3 are associated with symptom severity and worse functioning prior to the onset of psychosis: Findings from the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Studies Consortium. Schizophr Res 2019; 204:96-103. [PMID: 30249470 PMCID: PMC6402991 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with schizophrenia have a high prevalence of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular mortality. It is possible that a vulnerability to metabolic abnormalities is associated with risk for psychosis, symptoms and functionality. In this study, we evaluate demographic information, cardiometabolic indices, symptoms and functioning in an antipsychotic free cohort at Clinical High Risk (CHR) for psychosis from the NAPLS Omega 3 fatty acid clinical trial. METHOD Subjects received physical exams and metabolic monitoring prior to randomization into the Omega 3 versus Placebo trial. Anthropometrical measures, vital signs, glucose, and lipids were assessed along with symptoms, functioning, dietary Omega 3 fatty acids, erythrocyte polyunsaturated fatty acid content and a measure of lipid peroxidation (TBARS, Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances). RESULTS The sample included 113 CHR subjects (42.1% female; 17.5% Latino) ages 12-29. The mean BMI was 24.3 with a trend toward higher BMI and a higher incidence of metabolic syndrome in Latino subjects; 36% of the sample was obese/overweight; 37.6% met criteria for prehypertension/hypertension; 4.2% met criteria for prediabetes/diabetes; 9.6% showed evidence of insulin resistance and 44.7% had dyslipidemia. The TBARS was elevated at 9.8 μM ± 6.1 (normal 1.86-3.94 μM). Metabolic parameters and a diet low in Omega 3 rich foods were significantly associated with prodromal symptoms and poor functioning. CONCLUSIONS CHR subjects show a high percentage of metabolic abnormalities prior to exposure to antipsychotic medication. These findings reinforce that early detection of metabolic disturbances and food insecurity is crucial since these factors are modifiable with the potential for significant gains in terms of quality of life, physical and mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Skylar Kelsven
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA,San Diego State University/University of California-San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical
Psychology
| | - Jean Addington
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | - Barbara A. Cornblatt
- The Zucker Hillside Hospital, New York, NY; Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York;
The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York
| | - Dan Mathalon
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | | | - Ming Tsuang
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | | | | | - Jeff Yao
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System and University of Pittsburg School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Monté-Rubio GC, Falcón C, Pomarol-Clotet E, Ashburner J. A comparison of various MRI feature types for characterizing whole brain anatomical differences using linear pattern recognition methods. Neuroimage 2018; 178:753-768. [PMID: 29864520 PMCID: PMC6202442 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a widespread interest in applying pattern recognition methods to anatomical neuroimaging data, but so far, there has been relatively little investigation into how best to derive image features in order to make the most accurate predictions. In this work, a Gaussian Process machine learning approach was used for predicting age, gender and body mass index (BMI) of subjects in the IXI dataset, as well as age, gender and diagnostic status using the ABIDE and COBRE datasets. MRI data were segmented and aligned using SPM12, and a variety of feature representations were derived from this preprocessing. We compared classification and regression accuracy using the different sorts of features, and with various degrees of spatial smoothing. Results suggested that feature sets that did not ignore the implicit background tissue class, tended to result in better overall performance, whereas some of the most commonly used feature sets performed relatively poorly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma C Monté-Rubio
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Avda. Jordà 8, 08035, Barcelona, Spain; Fundació ACE. Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Marqués de Sentmenat 57, 08029, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carles Falcón
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation. Barcelona, Carrer de Wellington 30, 08005, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER en Bioingenieria, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Spain.
| | - Edith Pomarol-Clotet
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Avda. Jordà 8, 08035, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - John Ashburner
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, 12 Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Jiao R, Lin N, Hu Z, Bennett DA, Jin L, Xiong M. Bivariate Causal Discovery and Its Applications to Gene Expression and Imaging Data Analysis. Front Genet 2018; 9:347. [PMID: 30233639 PMCID: PMC6127271 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The mainstream of research in genetics, epigenetics, and imaging data analysis focuses on statistical association or exploring statistical dependence between variables. Despite their significant progresses in genetic research, understanding the etiology and mechanism of complex phenotypes remains elusive. Using association analysis as a major analytical platform for the complex data analysis is a key issue that hampers the theoretic development of genomic science and its application in practice. Causal inference is an essential component for the discovery of mechanical relationships among complex phenotypes. Many researchers suggest making the transition from association to causation. Despite its fundamental role in science, engineering, and biomedicine, the traditional methods for causal inference require at least three variables. However, quantitative genetic analysis such as QTL, eQTL, mQTL, and genomic-imaging data analysis requires exploring the causal relationships between two variables. This paper will focus on bivariate causal discovery with continuous variables. We will introduce independence of cause and mechanism (ICM) as a basic principle for causal inference, algorithmic information theory and additive noise model (ANM) as major tools for bivariate causal discovery. Large-scale simulations will be performed to evaluate the feasibility of the ANM for bivariate causal discovery. To further evaluate their performance for causal inference, the ANM will be applied to the construction of gene regulatory networks. Also, the ANM will be applied to trait-imaging data analysis to illustrate three scenarios: presence of both causation and association, presence of association while absence of causation, and presence of causation, while lack of association between two variables. Telling cause from effect between two continuous variables from observational data is one of the fundamental and challenging problems in omics and imaging data analysis. Our preliminary simulations and real data analysis will show that the ANMs will be one of choice for bivariate causal discovery in genomic and imaging data analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Jiao
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nan Lin
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zixin Hu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Li Jin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Momiao Xiong
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Momiao Xiong
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Malandrino N, Capristo E, Taveira TH, Mingrone G, Wu WC. Cognitive Function in Individuals with Normal Weight Obesity: Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 65:125-135. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-180264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Malandrino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Esmeralda Capristo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Tracey H. Taveira
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center of Innovation for Long Term Services and Support, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
- University of Rhode Island, College of Pharmacy, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Geltrude Mingrone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Wen-Chih Wu
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Cardiac Fitness, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Bernardes G, IJzerman RG, Ten Kulve JS, Barkhof F, Diamant M, Veltman DJ, Landeira-Fernandez J, van Bloemendaal L, van Duinkerken E. Cortical and subcortical gray matter structural alterations in normoglycemic obese and type 2 diabetes patients: relationship with adiposity, glucose, and insulin. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:1211-1222. [PMID: 29654499 PMCID: PMC6060745 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0223-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is associated with structural cortical and subcortical alterations, although it is insufficiently clear if these alterations are driven by obesity or by diabetes and its associated complications. We used FreeSurfer5.3 and FSL-FIRST to determine cortical thickness, volume and surface area, and subcortical gray matter volume in a group of 16 normoglycemic obese subjects and 28 obese T2DM patients without clinically manifest micro- and marcoangiopathy, and compared them to 31 lean normoglycemic controls. Forward regression analysis was used to determine demographic and clinical correlates of altered (sub)cortical structure. Exploratively, vertex-wise correlations between cortical structure and fasting glucose and insulin were calculated. Compared with controls, obese T2DM patients showed lower right insula thickness and lower left lateral occipital surface area (PFWE < 0.05). Normoglycemic obese versus controls had lower thickness (PFWE < 0.05) in the right insula and inferior frontal gyrus, and higher amygdala and thalamus volume. Thalamus volume and left paracentral surface area were also higher in this group compared with obese T2DM patients. Age, sex, BMI, fasting glucose, and cholesterol were related to these (sub)cortical alterations in the whole group (all P < 0.05). Insulin were related to temporal and frontal structural deficits (all PFWE < 0.05). Parietal/occipital structural deficits may constitute early T2DM-related cerebral alterations, whereas in normoglycemic obese subjects, regions involved in emotion, appetite, satiety regulation, and inhibition were affected. Central adiposity and elevated fasting glucose may constitute risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Bernardes
- Department of Psychology, Pontifíca Universidade Católica - Rio de Janeiro, Rua Marquês de São Vincente, 225, Gávea, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22451-900, Brazil
| | - Richard G IJzerman
- Amsterdam Diabetes Center/Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer S Ten Kulve
- Amsterdam Diabetes Center/Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institutes of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michaela Diamant
- Amsterdam Diabetes Center/Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick J Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jesus Landeira-Fernandez
- Department of Psychology, Pontifíca Universidade Católica - Rio de Janeiro, Rua Marquês de São Vincente, 225, Gávea, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22451-900, Brazil
| | - Liselotte van Bloemendaal
- Amsterdam Diabetes Center/Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eelco van Duinkerken
- Department of Psychology, Pontifíca Universidade Católica - Rio de Janeiro, Rua Marquês de São Vincente, 225, Gávea, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22451-900, Brazil.
- Amsterdam Diabetes Center/Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Medical Psychology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Center for Epilepsy, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Eidsvaag VA, Hansson HA, Heuser K, Nagelhus EA, Eide PK. Cerebral microvascular abnormalities in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Brain Res 2018; 1686:72-82. [PMID: 29477544 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is characterized by symptoms indicative of increased intracranial pressure (ICP), such as headache and visual impairment. We have previously reported that brain biopsies from IIH patients show patchy astrogliosis and increased expression of the water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) at perivascular astrocytic endfeet. METHODS The present study was undertaken to investigate for ultrastructural changes of the cerebral capillaries in individuals with IIH. We examined by electron microscopy (EM) biopsies from the cortical parenchyma of 10 IIH patients and 8 reference subjects (patients, not healthy individuals), in whom tissue was retrieved from other elective and necessary brain surgeries (epilepsy, tumors or vascular diseases). IIH patients were diagnosed on the basis of typical clinical symptoms and abnormal intracranial pressure wave amplitudes during overnight ICP monitoring. RESULTS All 10 IIH patients underwent shunt surgery followed by favorable clinical outcome. EM revealed abnormal pericyte processes in IIH. The basement membrane (BM) showed more frequently evidence of degeneration in IIH, but neither the BM dimensions nor the pericyte coverage differed between IIH and reference tissue. The BM thickness increased significantly with increasing age. Reference individuals were older than IIH cases; observations may to some extent be age-related. CONCLUSION The present study disclosed marked changes of the cerebral cortical capillaries in IIH patients, suggesting that microvascular alterations are involved in the evolvement of IIH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vigdis Andersen Eidsvaag
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Hans-Arne Hansson
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Kjell Heuser
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erlend A Nagelhus
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Per Kristian Eide
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital - Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Tuulari JJ, Karlsson HK, Antikainen O, Hirvonen J, Pham T, Salminen P, Helmiö M, Parkkola R, Nuutila P, Nummenmaa L. Bariatric Surgery Induces White and Grey Matter Density Recovery in the Morbidly Obese: A Voxel-Based Morphometric Study. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 37:3745-3756. [PMID: 27400738 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with lowered brain's grey (GM) and white matter (WM) density as measured by voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Nevertheless, it remains unknown whether obesity has a causal influence on cerebral atrophy. We recruited 47 morbidly obese subjects (mean BMI = 42.2, SD = 4.0, 42 females and five males) eligible for bariatric surgery and 29 non-obese subjects (mean BMI = 23.2, SD = 2.8, 23 females and six males) served as controls. Baseline scans were acquired with T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 1.5 Tesla; obese participants were scanned again six months after the surgery. Local GM and WM densities were quantified using VBM. Full-volume analyses were used for comparing baseline between-group differences as well as the effects of surgery-induced weight loss in the morbidly obese. Metabolic variables were used in linear models to predict WM and GM densities. Obese subjects had initially lower GM densities in widespread cortical areas including frontal, parietal, and temporal regions as well as insulae. Lower WM densities were observed throughout the WM. Bariatric surgery and concomitant weight loss resulted in global increase in WM density. Grey matter increase was limited to occipital and inferior temporal regions. Metabolic variables were associated with brain densities. We conclude that weight loss results in global recovery of WM as well as local recovery of grey matter densities. These changes likely reflect improved brain tissue integrity. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3745-3756, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jussi Hirvonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Radiology, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tam Pham
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Paulina Salminen
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Urology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Helmiö
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Urology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Parkkola
- Department of Radiology, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, School of Science, Aalto University, Finland.,Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Minichino A, Ando' A, Francesconi M, Salatino A, Delle Chiaie R, Cadenhead K. Investigating the link between drug-naive first episode psychoses (FEPs), weight gain abnormalities and brain structural damages: Relevance and implications for therapy. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 77:9-22. [PMID: 28363765 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that obesity and overweight may be associated with severe brain structural abnormalities and poor cognitive and functional outcomes in the general population. Despite these observations and the high prevalence of weight gain abnormalities in patients with psychosis spectrum disorders (PSDs), no studies have investigated the impact that these metabolic disturbances may have on brain structures and development in the earliest stages of PSDs. In the present review we shed light on the association between weight gain and brain structural abnormalities that may affect the course of illness in drug-naïve FEPs. Given the lack of studies directly investigating this issue, we firstly identified and critically evaluated the literature assessing weight gain abnormalities and gray or white matter (GM, WM) volumes (either globally or in specific regions of interest) in otherwise healthy obese/overweight adolescents and young adults. We then compared the results of this systematic review with those of two recent meta-analysis investigating GM and WM abnormalities in drug-naïve FEPs. Weight gain in otherwise healthy subjects was consistently associated with frontal and temporal GM atrophy and with reduced integrity of WM in the corpus callosum. Of relevance, all these brain regions are affected in drug-naïve FEPs, and their integrity is associated with clinical, cognitive and functional outcomes. The underlying mechanisms that may explain the association between weight gain, adiposity, and brain damage in both healthy subjects and drug-naïve FEPs are widely discussed. On the basis of this knowledge, we tried: a) to deduce an integrative model for the development of obesity in psychosis spectrum disorders; b) to identify the key vulnerability factors underlying the association between weight gain and psychosis; c) to provide information on new potential targets of intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo Minichino
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, UCSD, La Jolla, CA, United States.
| | - Agata Ando'
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Marta Francesconi
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, UCSD, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Prehn K, Jumpertz von Schwartzenberg R, Mai K, Zeitz U, Witte AV, Hampel D, Szela AM, Fabian S, Grittner U, Spranger J, Flöel A. Caloric Restriction in Older Adults-Differential Effects of Weight Loss and Reduced Weight on Brain Structure and Function. Cereb Cortex 2017; 27:1765-1778. [PMID: 26838769 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary modifications such as caloric restriction (CR) have been suggested as a means to improve memory and prevent age-related decline. However, it is unclear whether those effects remain stable over time or are related specifically to negative energy balance during the weight loss phase of CR. Using a randomized interventional design, we investigated changes in recognition memory and neural correlates in postmenopausal obese women (n = 19): 1) after intense weight loss in the course of a 12-week low-caloric diet (reduced body weight and negative energy balance) and 2) after having sustained the reduced weight over 4 more weeks (reduced body weight, but energy balance equilibrium). Participants were contrasted to a control group (n = 18) instructed not to change dietary habits. In the CR group, we found improved recognition memory, paralleled by increased gray matter volume in inferior frontal gyrus and hippocampus, and augmented hippocampal resting-state functional connectivity to parietal areas. Moreover, effects were specific for transient negative energy balance and could not be detected after subsequent weight maintenance. Our data demonstrate for the first time in humans that beneficial effects of CR on brain structure and function are due to weight loss rather than an overall reduced weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Prehn
- Department of Neurology and NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Reiner Jumpertz von Schwartzenberg
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Experimental and Clinical Research Center and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Knut Mai
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Experimental and Clinical Research Center and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Zeitz
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Experimental and Clinical Research Center and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Veronica Witte
- Department of Neurology and NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Aging and Obesity Group, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dierk Hampel
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Experimental and Clinical Research Center and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Szela
- Department of Neurology and NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonja Fabian
- Department of Neurology and NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Grittner
- Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Stroke Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Spranger
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Experimental and Clinical Research Center and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Agnes Flöel
- Department of Neurology and NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Stillman CM, Weinstein AM, Marsland AL, Gianaros PJ, Erickson KI. Body-Brain Connections: The Effects of Obesity and Behavioral Interventions on Neurocognitive Aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:115. [PMID: 28507516 PMCID: PMC5410624 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing public health problem in the United States, particularly in middle-aged and older adults. Although the key factors leading to a population increase in body weight are still under investigation, there is evidence that certain behavioral interventions can mitigate the negative cognitive and brain ("neurocognitive") health consequences of obesity. The two primary behaviors most often targeted for weight loss are caloric intake and physical activity. These behaviors might have independent, as well as overlapping/synergistic effects on neurocognitive health. To date obesity is often described independently from behavioral interventions in regards to neurocognitive outcomes, yet there is conceptual and mechanistic overlap between these constructs. This review summarizes evidence linking obesity and modifiable behaviors, such as physical activity and diet, with brain morphology (e.g., gray and white matter volume and integrity), brain function (e.g., functional activation and connectivity), and cognitive function across the adult lifespan. In particular, we review evidence bearing on the following question: Are associations between obesity and brain health in aging adults modifiable by behavioral interventions?
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea M. Weinstein
- Department of Behavioral and Community and Health Sciences, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anna L. Marsland
- Department of Psychology, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter J. Gianaros
- Department of Psychology, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kirk I. Erickson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of PittsburghPittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Papageorgiou I, Astrakas LG, Xydis V, Alexiou GA, Bargiotas P, Tzarouchi L, Zikou AK, Kiortsis DN, Argyropoulou MI. Abnormalities of brain neural circuits related to obesity: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging study. Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 37:116-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
50
|
Mazza E, Poletti S, Bollettini I, Locatelli C, Falini A, Colombo C, Benedetti F. Body mass index associates with white matter microstructure in bipolar depression. Bipolar Disord 2017; 19:116-127. [PMID: 28418197 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obesity has been reported in over 60% of bipolar disorder (BD) patients. It worsens the severity of illness, and influences cognition and functional outcomes. White matter (WM) abnormalities are one of the most consistently reported findings in neuroimaging studies of BD. We hypothesized that body mass index (BMI) could correlate with WM integrity in bipolar patients. METHODS We evaluated BMI in a sample of 164 depressed patients affected by BD. We performed whole-brain tract-based spatial statistics with threshold-free cluster enhancement for the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures of WM integrity: fractional anisotropy; axial, radial, and mean diffusivity. RESULTS We observed that BMI was associated with DTI measures of WM integrity in several fiber tracts: anterior corona radiata, anterior thalamic radiation, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and corpus callosum. CONCLUSIONS The association of BMI in key WM tracts that are crucial to mood regulation and neurocognitive functioning suggests that BMI might contribute to the pathophysiology of BD through a detrimental action on structural connectivity in critical cortico-limbic networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Mazza
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Poletti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Bollettini
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Clara Locatelli
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Falini
- C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neuroradiology, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Colombo
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo), University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|