1
|
Bannon CA, Meek CL, Reimann F, Gribble FM. Fasting and post prandial pancreatic and enteroendocrine hormone levels in obese and non-obese participants. Peptides 2024; 176:171186. [PMID: 38490484 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Circulating insulin levels are known to be increased in people with higher body mass index (BMI) due to effects of adiposity on insulin resistance, whilst gut hormones have a more complex relationship, with fasting peptideYY (PYY) reported to be inversely related to BMI. This study aimed to further explore fasting and post prandial pancreatic and gut hormone concentrations in plasma samples from obese and non-obese participants. Participants with healthy BMI (n=15), overweight BMI (n=29) and obesity (n=161) had samples taken fasting and 30 min post mixed liquid meal for analysis of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), PYY, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), insulin and glucagon. Data visualiation used linear discriminant analysis for dimensionality reduction, to visualise the data and assess scaling of each hormone. Fasting levels of insulin, GIP and PYY were shown to be key classifiers between the 3 groups on ANCOVA analysis, with an observation of increased GIP levels in overweight, but not obese participants. In non-obese subjects, fasting GIP, PYY and insulin correlated with BMI, whereas in subjects with obesity only the pancreatic hormones glucagon and insulin correlated with BMI. Concentrations of total GLP-1 in the fasting state correlated strongly with glucagon levels, highlighting potential assay cross-reactivities. The study, which included a relatively large number of subjects with severe obesity, supported previous evidence of BMI correlating negatively with fasting PYY and positively with fasting insulin. The observation of increased fasting GIP levels in overweight but not obese participants deserves further validation and mechanistic investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Bannon
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Cambridge Universities NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ UK.
| | - Claire L Meek
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Cambridge Universities NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ UK; Current addresses: Leicester Diabetes Centre, University of Leicester, Gwendoline Road, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK; and University Hospitals Leicester, Leicester General Hospitals, Gwendoline Road, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Frank Reimann
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Fiona M Gribble
- Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Grech O, Mitchell JL, Lyons HS, Yiangou A, Thaller M, Tsermoulas G, Brock K, Mollan SP, Sinclair AJ. Effect of glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonist exenatide, used as an intracranial pressure lowering agent, on cognition in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension. Eye (Lond) 2024; 38:1374-1379. [PMID: 38212401 PMCID: PMC11076535 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02908-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive function can be affected in conditions with raised intracranial pressure (ICP) such as idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Drugs used off label to treat raised ICP also have cognitive side effects, underscoring the unmet need for effective therapeutics which reduce ICP without worsening cognition. The Glucagon Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, exenatide, has been shown to significantly reduce ICP in IIH, therefore this study aimed to determine the effects of exenatide on cognition in IIH. METHODS This was an exploratory study of the IIH:Pressure trial (ISTCRN 12678718). Women with IIH and telemetric ICP monitors (n = 15) were treated with exenatide (n = 7) or placebo (n = 8) for 12 weeks. Cognitive function was tested using the National Institute of Health Toolbox Cognitive Battery at baseline and 12 weeks. RESULTS Cognitive performance was impaired in fluid intelligence ((T-score of 50 = population mean), mean (SD) 37.20 (9.87)), attention (33.93 (7.15)) and executive function (38.07 (14.61)). After 12-weeks there was no evidence that exenatide compromised cognition (no differences between exenatide and placebo). Cognition improved in exenatide treated patients in fluid intelligence (baseline 38.4 (8.2), 12 weeks 52.9 (6.6), p = 0.0005), processing speed (baseline 43.7 (9.4), 12 weeks 58.4 (10.4), p = 0.0058) and episodic memory (baseline 49.4 (5.3), 12 weeks 62.1 (13.2), p = 0.0315). CONCLUSIONS In patients with raised ICP due to IIH, exenatide, a drug emerging as an ICP lowering agent, does not adversely impact cognition. This is encouraging and has potential to be relevant when considering prescribing choices to lower ICP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Grech
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK
| | - James L Mitchell
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK
- Department of Neurology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK
| | - Hannah S Lyons
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK
- Department of Neurology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK
| | - Andreas Yiangou
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK
- Department of Neurology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK
| | - Mark Thaller
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK
- Department of Neurology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK
| | - Georgios Tsermoulas
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK
- Department of Neurosurgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK
| | - Kristian Brock
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Susan P Mollan
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK
- Birmingham Neuro-Ophthalmology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK
| | - Alexandra J Sinclair
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK.
- Department of Neurology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B15 2WB, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huber H, Schieren A, Holst JJ, Simon MC. Dietary impact on fasting and stimulated GLP-1 secretion in different metabolic conditions - a narrative review. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:599-627. [PMID: 38218319 PMCID: PMC10972717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), a gastrointestinal peptide and central mediator of glucose metabolism, is secreted by L cells in the intestine in response to food intake. Postprandial secretion of GLP-1 is triggered by nutrient-sensing via transporters and G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GLP-1 secretion may be lower in adults with obesity/overweight (OW) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) than in those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), but these findings are inconsistent. Because of the actions of GLP-1 on stimulating insulin secretion and promoting weight loss, GLP-1 and its analogs are used in pharmacologic preparations for the treatment of T2DM. However, physiologically stimulated GLP-1 secretion through the diet might be a preventive or synergistic method for improving glucose metabolism in individuals who are OW, or have impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or T2DM. This narrative review focuses on fasting and postprandial GLP-1 secretion in individuals with different metabolic conditions and degrees of glucose intolerance. Further, the influence of relevant diet-related factors (e.g., specific diets, meal composition, and size, phytochemical content, and gut microbiome) that could affect fasting and postprandial GLP-1 secretion are discussed. Some studies showed diminished glucose- or meal-stimulated GLP-1 response in participants with T2DM, IGT, or OW compared with those with NGT, whereas other studies have reported an elevated or unchanged GLP-1 response in T2DM or IGT. Meal composition, especially the relationship between macronutrients and interventions targeting the microbiome can impact postprandial GLP-1 secretion, although it is not clear which macronutrients are strong stimulants of GLP-1. Moreover, glucose tolerance, antidiabetic treatment, grade of overweight/obesity, and sex were important factors influencing GLP-1 secretion. The results presented in this review highlight the potential of nutritional and physiologic stimulation of GLP-1 secretion. Further research on fasting and postprandial GLP-1 concentrations and the resulting metabolic consequences under different metabolic conditions is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Huber
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Mölndal, Sweden; Department Nutrition and Microbiota, University of Bonn, Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alina Schieren
- Department Nutrition and Microbiota, University of Bonn, Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Juul Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie-Christine Simon
- Department Nutrition and Microbiota, University of Bonn, Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Varney MJ, Benovic JL. The Role of G Protein-Coupled Receptors and Receptor Kinases in Pancreatic β-Cell Function and Diabetes. Pharmacol Rev 2024; 76:267-299. [PMID: 38351071 PMCID: PMC10877731 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.123.001015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus has emerged as a major global health concern that has accelerated in recent years due to poor diet and lifestyle. Afflicted individuals have high blood glucose levels that stem from the inability of the pancreas to make enough insulin to meet demand. Although medication can help to maintain normal blood glucose levels in individuals with chronic disease, many of these medicines are outdated, have severe side effects, and often become less efficacious over time, necessitating the need for insulin therapy. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) regulate many physiologic processes, including blood glucose levels. In pancreatic β cells, GPCRs regulate β-cell growth, apoptosis, and insulin secretion, which are all critical in maintaining sufficient β-cell mass and insulin output to ensure euglycemia. In recent years, new insights into the signaling of incretin receptors and other GPCRs have underscored the potential of these receptors as desirable targets in the treatment of diabetes. The signaling of these receptors is modulated by GPCR kinases (GRKs) that phosphorylate agonist-activated GPCRs, marking the receptor for arrestin binding and internalization. Interestingly, genome-wide association studies using diabetic patient cohorts link the GRKs and arrestins with T2D. Moreover, recent reports show that GRKs and arrestins expressed in the β cell serve a critical role in the regulation of β-cell function, including β-cell growth and insulin secretion in both GPCR-dependent and -independent pathways. In this review, we describe recent insights into GPCR signaling and the importance of GRK function in modulating β-cell physiology. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Pancreatic β cells contain a diverse array of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that have been shown to improve β-cell function and survival, yet only a handful have been successfully targeted in the treatment of diabetes. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of β-cell GPCR pharmacology and regulation by GPCR kinases while also highlighting the necessity of investigating islet-enriched GPCRs that have largely been unexplored to unveil novel treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Varney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey L Benovic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Stefanakis K, Kokkinos A, Simati S, Argyrakopoulou G, Konstantinidou SK, Kouvari M, Kumar A, Kalra B, Mantzoros CS. Circulating levels of all proglucagon-derived peptides are differentially regulated postprandially by obesity status and in response to high-fat meals vs. high-carbohydrate meals. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:1369-1378. [PMID: 37418844 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We measured all proglucagon-derived peptides (PGDPs) levels in response to administration of three mixed meal tolerance tests (MMTs), examining differences in postprandial PGDP responses in subjects with leanness and obesity or between high-fat vs. high carbohydrate meals. METHODS We designed three physiology interventional studies, administering MMTs over a 180-min period to individuals without diabetes after an overnight fast. In Study 1, a 450 kcal MMT was administered to n = 4 normal weight and n = 9 individuals with obesity. In Study 2, a 600 kcal high-fat MMT was administered to n = 15 normal-weight and n = 15 individuals with obesity. In Study 3, n = 32 participants with obesity were assigned to receive a 600-kcal high-fat (n = 15) or an isocaloric high-carbohydrate MMT (n = 17). Fasting and postprandial levels of c-peptide and PGDPs (proglucagon, GLP-1, GLP-2, glicentin, oxyntomodulin, glucagon, major proglucagon fragment [MPGF]) were assessed. RESULTS In study 1, individuals with normal weight displayed elevated glicentin postprandial secretion compared with people with obesity (p = 0.002). Following a high-fat MMT with 33% higher energy content in study 2, all postprandial PGDPs levels were elevated (p-time<0.001), irrespective of weight status. In study 3, a prolonged postprandial upregulation of PGDPs during the high-fat MMT was observed in contrast with the acute, short-term (max 60 min) PGDP responses to a high-carbohydrate MMT (p-time∗meal<0.001). Across both studies 2 and 3, the postprandial responses of glucagon and MPGF were higher in subjects with male sex whereas glicentin was higher in subjects with female sex. CONCLUSIONS Fat and carbohydrate content of a meal can substantially affect the postprandial levels of PGDPs. Circulating levels of PGDPs are influenced by the energy content of the meal, and additionally, the presence of leanness or obesity affects circulating levels of select PGDPs. These results, which are to be confirmed by additional studies, expand our understanding of PGDP physiology in leanness and obesity. CLINICALTRIALS GOV REGISTRATION NUMBERS: (NCT04170010, NCT04430946, NCT04575194).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Stefanakis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Boston VA Healthcare System and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Alexander Kokkinos
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Stamatia Simati
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens 11527, Greece
| | | | - Sofia K Konstantinidou
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens 11527, Greece; Diabetes and Obesity Unit, Athens Medical Center, Athens 15125, Greece
| | - Matina Kouvari
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Boston VA Healthcare System and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | | | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Boston VA Healthcare System and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mitchell JL, Lyons HS, Walker JK, Yiangou A, Grech O, Alimajstorovic Z, Greig NH, Li Y, Tsermoulas G, Brock K, Mollan SP, Sinclair AJ. The effect of GLP-1RA exenatide on idiopathic intracranial hypertension: a randomized clinical trial. Brain 2023; 146:1821-1830. [PMID: 36907221 PMCID: PMC10151178 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutics to reduce intracranial pressure are an unmet need. Preclinical data have demonstrated a novel strategy to lower intracranial pressure using glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor signalling. Here, we translate these findings into patients by conducting a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial to assess the effect of exenatide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, on intracranial pressure in idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Telemetric intracranial pressure catheters enabled long-term intracranial pressure monitoring. The trial enrolled adult women with active idiopathic intracranial hypertension (intracranial pressure >25 cmCSF and papilloedema) who receive subcutaneous exenatide or placebo. The three primary outcome measures were intracranial pressure at 2.5 h, 24 h and 12 weeks and alpha set a priori at less than 0.1. Among the 16 women recruited, 15 completed the study (mean age 28 ± 9, body mass index 38.1 ± 6.2 kg/m2, intracranial pressure 30.6 ± 5.1 cmCSF). Exenatide significantly and meaningfully lowered intracranial pressure at 2.5 h -5.7 ± 2.9 cmCSF (P = 0.048); 24 h -6.4 ± 2.9 cmCSF (P = 0.030); and 12 weeks -5.6 ± 3.0 cmCSF (P = 0.058). No serious safety signals were noted. These data provide confidence to proceed to a phase 3 trial in idiopathic intracranial hypertension and highlight the potential to utilize GLP-1 receptor agonist in other conditions characterized by raised intracranial pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James L Mitchell
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK
- Academic Department of Military Rehabilitation, Defence Medical Rehabilitation Centre, Stanford Hall, LE12 5QD, UK
| | - Hannah S Lyons
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK
| | - Jessica K Walker
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andreas Yiangou
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK
| | - Olivia Grech
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Zerin Alimajstorovic
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Yazhou Li
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Georgios Tsermoulas
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK
| | - Kristian Brock
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Susan P Mollan
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Department of Neuro-ophthalmology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK
| | - Alexandra J Sinclair
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gerstenberg MK, Andersen DB, Torz L, Castorena CM, Bookout AL, Hartmann B, Rehfeld JF, Petersen N, Holst JJ, Kuhre RE. Weight loss by calorie restriction does not alter appetite-regulating gut hormone responses from perfused rat small intestine. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 238:e13947. [PMID: 36755506 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM Postprandial secretion of the appetite-inhibiting hormones, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and peptide YY are reduced with obesity. It is unclear if the reduced secretion persists following weight loss (WL), if other appetite-inhibiting hormones are also reduced, and if so whether reduced secretion results from intrinsic changes in the gut. METHODS To address whether WL may restore secretion of GLP-1 and other appetite-inhibiting hormones, we performed a gut perfusion study of the small intestine in diet-induced obese (DIO) rats after WL. A 20% weight loss (means ± SEM (g): 916 ± 53 vs. 703 ± 35, p < 0.01, n = 7) was induced by calorie restriction, and maintained stable for ≥7 days prior to gut perfusion to allow for complete renewal of enteroendocrine cells. Age-matched DIO rats were used as comparator. Several gut hormones were analyzed from the venous effluent, and gene expression was performed on gut tissue along the entire length of the intestine. RESULTS Secretion of cholecystokinin, gastrin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, GLP-1, neurotensin, and somatostatin was not affected by WL during basal conditions (p ≥ 0.25) or in response to macronutrients and bile acids (p ≥ 0.14). Glucose absorption was indistinguishable following WL. The expression of genes encoding the studied peptides, macronutrient transporters (glucose, fructose, and di-/tripeptides) and bile acid receptors did also not differ between DIO and WL groups. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the attenuated postprandial responses of GLP-1, as well as reduced responses of other appetite-inhibiting gut hormones, in people living with obesity may persist after weight loss and may contribute to their susceptibility for weight regain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel B Andersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lola Torz
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | | | - Angie L Bookout
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Bolette Hartmann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens F Rehfeld
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jens J Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rune E Kuhre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Feris F, McRae A, Kellogg TA, McKenzie T, Ghanem O, Acosta A. Mucosal and hormonal adaptations after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2023; 19:37-49. [PMID: 36243547 PMCID: PMC9797451 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2022.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to perform a comprehensive literature review regarding the relevant hormonal and histologic changes observed after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). We aimed to describe the relevant hormonal (glucagon-like peptides 1 and 2 [GLP-1 and GLP-2], peptide YY [PYY], oxyntomodulin [OXM], bile acids [BA], cholecystokinin [CCK], ghrelin, glucagon, gastric inhibitory polypeptide [GIP], and amylin) profiles, as well as the histologic (mucosal cellular) adaptations happening after patients undergo RYGB. Our review compiles the current evidence and furthers the understanding of the rationale behind the food intake regulatory adaptations occurring after RYGB surgery. We identify gaps in the literature where the potential for future investigations and therapeutics may lie. We performed a comprehensive database search without language restrictions looking for RYGB bariatric surgery outcomes in patients with pre- and postoperative blood work hormonal profiling and/or gut mucosal biopsies. We gathered the relevant study results and describe them in this review. Where human findings were lacking, we included animal model studies. The amalgamation of physiologic, metabolic, and cellular adaptations following RYGB is yet to be fully characterized. This constitutes a fundamental aspiration for enhancing and individualizing obesity therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fauzi Feris
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Alison McRae
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Todd A Kellogg
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Travis McKenzie
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Omar Ghanem
- Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Andres Acosta
- Precision Medicine for Obesity Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The Beneficial Effect of a Healthy Dietary Pattern on Androgen Deprivation Therapy-Related Metabolic Abnormalities in Patients with Prostate Cancer: A Meta-Analysis Based on Randomized Controlled Trials and Systematic Review. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12100969. [PMID: 36295871 PMCID: PMC9611951 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic abnormalities as side effects of androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) can accelerate progression of prostate cancer (PCa) and increase risks of cardiovascular diseases. A healthy dietary pattern (DP) plays an important role in regulating glycolipid metabolism, while evidence about DP on ADT-related metabolic abnormalities is still controversial. To explore the effect of DP on metabolic outcomes in PCa patients with ADT, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and CINAHL were searched from inception to 10 September 2022. Risk of biases was evaluated through Cochrane Collaboration’s Tool. If heterogeneity was low, the fixed-effects model was carried out; otherwise, the random-effects model was used. Data were determined by calculating mean difference (MD) or standardized MD (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Nine studies involving 421 patients were included. The results showed that healthy DP significantly improved glycated hemoglobin (MD: −0.13; 95% CI: −0.24, −0.02; p = 0.020), body mass index (MD: −1.02; 95% CI: −1.29, −0.75; p < 0.001), body fat mass (MD: −1.78; 95% CI: −2.58, −0.97; p < 0.001), triglyceride (MD: −0.28; 95% CI: −0.51, −0.04; p = 0.020), systolic blood pressure (MD: −6.30; 95% CI: −11.15, −1.44; p = 0.010), and diastolic blood pressure (MD: −2.94; 95% CI: −5.63, −0.25; p = 0.030), although its beneficial effects on other glycolipid metabolic indicators were not found. Additionally, a healthy DP also lowered the level of PSA (MD: −1.79; 95% CI: −2.25, −1.33; p < 0.001). The meta-analysis demonstrated that a healthy DP could improve ADT-related metabolic abnormalities and be worthy of being recommended for PCa patients with ADT.
Collapse
|
10
|
Brubaker PL. The Molecular Determinants of Glucagon-like Peptide Secretion by the Intestinal L cell. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6717959. [PMID: 36156130 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal L cell secretes a diversity of biologically active hormones, most notably the glucagon-like peptides, GLP-1 and GLP-2. The highly successful introduction of GLP-1-based drugs into the clinic for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity, and of a GLP-2 analog for patients with short bowel syndrome, has led to the suggestion that stimulation of the endogenous secretion of these peptides may serve as a novel therapeutic approach in these conditions. Situated in the intestinal epithelium, the L cell demonstrates complex relationships with not only circulating, paracrine, and neural regulators, but also ingested nutrients and other factors in the lumen, most notably the microbiota. The integrated input from these numerous secretagogues results in a variety of temporal patterns in L cell secretion, ranging from minutes to 24 hours. This review combines the findings of traditional, physiological studies with those using newer molecular approaches to describe what is known and what remains to be elucidated after 5 decades of research on the intestinal L cell and its secreted peptides, GLP-1 and GLP-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L Brubaker
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jensterle M, Herman R, Janež A. Therapeutic Potential of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Agonists in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: From Current Clinical Evidence to Future Perspectives. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081989. [PMID: 36009535 PMCID: PMC9405922 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the continuous effort to understand the pathophysiology and determine potential therapeutic targets, PCOS treatment largely depends on lifestyle intervention and symptomatic management of individual signs and symptoms. International guidelines recognize the importance of weight reduction as a cornerstone for the achievement of better metabolic, reproductive, and cardiovascular outcomes in PCOS women who are overweight or obese. With its profound weight loss potential in patients with or without diabetes, the administration of GLP-1 receptor agonists has been investigated in overweight/obese women with PCOS in several single-center randomized control trials with considerable variation in the dosing regimen, follow-up duration, and outcome measurements over recent years. Most trials reported superior weight loss effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists compared to lifestyle changes or metformin, with additional metabolic, reproductive, and cardiovascular benefits in this population. However, their use is currently not widely accepted by the clinical community that treats this population. The major concern is how to balance the reproductive and metabolic treatment strategies since the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists requires effective contraception while on therapy and a washout period before pregnancy. Both approaches are not mutually exclusive, yet the best choice requires a careful assessment of the clinical context. Knowing a patient’s individual circumstances, precise clinical sub-phenotyping, and regular monitoring are crucial components for the safe and effective use of these new tools. In the present narrative review, we explore the current clinical evidence and provide the future perspectives and challenges for their implementation in PCOS management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mojca Jensterle
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rok Herman
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Janež
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-522-35-64
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Leohr J, Kjellsson MC. Impact of Obesity on Postprandial Triglyceride Contribution to Glucose Homeostasis, Assessed with a Semimechanistic Model. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2022; 112:112-124. [PMID: 35388464 PMCID: PMC9322341 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The integrated glucose-insulin model is a semimechanistic model describing glucose and insulin after a glucose challenge. Similarly, a semiphysiologic model of the postprandial triglyceride (TG) response in chylomicrons and VLDL-V6 was recently published. We have developed the triglyceride-insulin-glucose-GLP-1 (TIGG) model by integrating these models and active GLP-1. The aim was to characterize, using the TIGG model, the postprandial response over 13 hours following a high-fat meal in 3 study populations based on body mass index categories: lean, obese, and very obese. Differential glucose and lipid regulation were observed between the lean population and obese or very obese populations. A population comparison revealed further that fasting glucose and insulin were elevated in obese and very obese when compared with lean; and euglycemia was achieved at different times postmeal between the obese and very obese populations. Postprandial insulin was incrementally elevated in the obese and very obese populations compared with lean. Postprandial chylomicrons TGs were similar across populations, whereas the postprandial TGs in VLDL-V6 were increased in the obese and very obese populations compared with lean. Postprandial active GLP-1 was diminished in the very obese population compared with lean or obese. The TIGG model described the response following a high-fat meal in individuals who are lean, obese, and very obese and provided insight into the possible regulation of glucose homeostasis in the extended period after the meal by utilizing lipids. The TIGG-model is the first model to integrate glucose and insulin regulation, incretin effect, and postprandial TGs response in chylomicrons and VLDL-V6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Leohr
- Department of Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Maria C Kjellsson
- Pharmacometrics Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ahrén B. GIP secretion after oral macronutrient ingestion-The human literature revisited and a systematic study in model experiments in mice. J Diabetes Investig 2022; 13:1655-1665. [PMID: 35587193 PMCID: PMC9533035 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The incretin hormone glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is secreted after meal ingestion. This study explored the relative influence of classes of macronutrients on GIP secretion. METHODS The human literature was revisited by identifying articles from Pubmed using key words GIP, macronutrients, carbohydrates, fat, protein, healthy subjects. In model experiments in anesthetized mice, glucose (25-125 mg), protein (15-120 mg), fat emulsion (6-100 mg) or saline was given orally with determination of GIP levels. RESULTS The literature survey revealed 15 studies in which glucose, protein or fat was administered to healthy subjects. All three classes of macronutrients stimulated GIP secretion with a 30-45 min peak after glucose and protein and a more prolonged release after fat. Limitation in study designs precludes firm conclusions on relative potency of the macronutrients. In mice, glucose was more potent to stimulate GIP secretion than fat and protein with no significant difference between protein and fat. By co-administration of the macronutrients at moderate caloric combinations, a synergistic stimulation of GIP secretion was observed. In contrast, when raising the glucose challenge together with protein and fat, no synergy but an additive effect was evident. CONCLUSIONS Glucose, protein and fat all stimulate GIP secretion in humans and mice. In mice, glucose is more potent than fat and protein and there is also a synergy between the macronutrients on GIP secretion at moderate caloric doses. Further studies are warranted in humans to explore the relative potency of macronutrients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ahrén
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund university, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jensen MM, Pedersen H, Clemmensen KKB, Wegeberg AM, Jensen NW, Quist JS, Færch K, Brock C. Human Gastrointestinal Transit and Hormonal Response to Different Meal Types: A Randomized Crossover Study. J Nutr 2022; 152:1358-1369. [PMID: 35020932 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The wireless motility capsule (WMC) technique is a noninvasive and radiation-free method for measuring regional and whole gut transit in response to ingestion of a granola bar (SmartBar) or an eggbeater meal. The WMC has the potential to measure gastrointestinal transit in metabolic research as part of a standardized mixed meal tolerance test. OBJECTIVES To evaluate gastrointestinal transit with the WMC and postprandial plasma/serum concentrations of metabolites and gastrointestinal hormones as well as subjective appetite following ingestion of a SmartBar compared with a standardized mixed meal. METHODS Fourteen healthy participants [3 men, median (IQR) age 53.8 (45.8; 64.50) y, body weight 63.9 (59.9; 69.7) kg, BMI 23.1 (21.8; 23.9) kg/m2] completed a 2-d crossover study. Following ingestion of either a SmartBar (260 kcal, 7 energy percent (E%) fat, 74E% carbohydrate, and 19E% protein) or a standardized mixed meal (498 kcal, 34E% fat, 49E% carbohydrate, and 17E% protein), participants swallowed the WMC. Blood samples were drawn in the fasted state and postprandially for analyses of gastrointestinal hormones and metabolites. The primary outcome was difference in gastric emptying time between the 2 test days. Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used to test differences between test days. RESULTS Median (IQR) gastric emptying time was 98.0 (70.0; 113.0) min longer (P = 0.001) and incremental area under the curve of triglyceride, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, and peptide YY were 40 mmol/L × min, 45.7%, and 63.7% greater after the standardized mixed meal compared with the SmartBar (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The WMC can be used in combination with a standardized mixed meal for evaluation of gastrointestinal transit in healthy men and women. Gastric emptying time was prolonged in response to the standardized mixed meal whereas transit times of the small bowel, colon, and whole gut did not differ between the test meals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Møller Jensen
- Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Clinical Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Hanne Pedersen
- Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Clinical Research, Herlev, Denmark.,iMotions A/S, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Anne-Marie Wegeberg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Nina Wittorff Jensen
- Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Clinical Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Jonas Salling Quist
- Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Clinical Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Kristine Færch
- Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Clinical Research, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christina Brock
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center North Jutland, Aalborg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Enteroendocrine System and Gut Barrier in Metabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073732. [PMID: 35409092 PMCID: PMC8998765 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the continuous rise in the worldwide prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes, developing therapies regulating body weight and glycemia has become a matter of great concern. Among the current treatments, evidence now shows that the use of intestinal hormone analogs (e.g., GLP1 analogs and others) helps to control glycemia and reduces body weight. Indeed, intestinal endocrine cells produce a large variety of hormones regulating metabolism, including appetite, digestion, and glucose homeostasis. Herein, we discuss how the enteroendocrine system is affected by local environmental and metabolic signals. These signals include those arising from unbalanced diet, gut microbiota, and the host metabolic organs and their complex cross-talk with the intestinal barrier integrity.
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
The enteroendocrine system coordinates the physiological response to food intake by regulating rates of digestion, nutrient absorption, insulin secretion, satiation and satiety. Gut hormones with important anorexigenic and/or insulinotropic roles include glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY3-36), cholecystokinin (CCK) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP). High BMI or obesogenic diets do not markedly disrupt this enteroendocrine system, which represents a critical target for inducing weight loss and treating co-morbidities in individuals with obesity.
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu C, Liu Y, Xin Y, Wang Y. Circadian secretion rhythm of GLP-1 and its influencing factors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:991397. [PMID: 36531506 PMCID: PMC9755352 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.991397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm is an inherent endogenous biological rhythm in living organisms. However, with the improvement of modern living standards, many factors such as prolonged artificial lighting, sedentarism, short sleep duration, intestinal flora and high-calorie food intake have disturbed circadian rhythm regulation on various metabolic processes, including GLP-1 secretion, which plays an essential role in the development of various metabolic diseases. Herein, we focused on GLP-1 and its circadian rhythm to explore the factors affecting GLP-1 circadian rhythm and its potential mechanisms and propose some feasible suggestions to improve GLP-1 secretion.
Collapse
|
18
|
Rodríguez-Peña MM, Astiarraga B, Seco J, Ceperuelo-Mallafré V, Caballé A, Pérez-Brocal V, Attolini CSO, Moya A, Llauradó G, Megía A, Pellitero S, Vilarrasa N, Fernández-Veledo S, Vendrell J. Changes in glucagon-like peptide 1 and 2 levels in people with obesity after a diet-induced weight-loss intervention are related to a specific microbiota signature: A prospective cohort study. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e575. [PMID: 34841718 PMCID: PMC8571947 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M-Mar Rodríguez-Peña
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Brenno Astiarraga
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jesus Seco
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Victoria Ceperuelo-Mallafré
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Adrià Caballé
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Pérez-Brocal
- Department of Genomics and Health, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO-Public Health), Valencia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Camille Stephan-Otto Attolini
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Moya
- Department of Genomics and Health, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO-Public Health), Valencia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gemma Llauradó
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Megía
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Pellitero
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Institute Research and Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Vilarrasa
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Bellvitge University-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Vendrell
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abe T, Matsubayashi Y, Muragishi S, Yoshida A, Suganami H, Furusawa K, Fujihara K, Tanaka S, Kaku K, Sone H. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, anagliptin, alters hepatic insulin clearance in relation to the glycemic status in Japanese individuals with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:1805-1815. [PMID: 33751849 PMCID: PMC8504901 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION This study investigated the impact of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, anagliptin, on hepatic insulin clearance (HIC) in Japanese type 2 diabetes patients and explored its relationship to glycemic status. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data on 765 participants in anagliptin phase 2 and 3 studies were analyzed. Adjusted changes in variables during 12 weeks of anagliptin therapy were compared with a placebo. HIC was calculated as the ratio, C-peptide area under the curve 0-120 min to insulin area under the curve 0-120 min, after a meal tolerance test. To explore the effects of baseline HIC levels on variables, participants receiving anagliptin were divided according to quartiles of baseline HIC. Furthermore, multivariate analysis investigated the association between baseline HIC levels and glycemic status. RESULTS Anagliptin significantly reduced glycosylated hemoglobin levels (P < 0.001 vs placebo) and HIC levels (P < 0.01). Longer duration of diabetes, lower body mass index, higher glycosylated hemoglobin and lower insulin secretion capacity were observed with increases in baseline HIC levels. Improvements in glycosylated hemoglobin, glycoalbumin and 1,5-anhydroglucitol levels were greater in the relatively higher HIC group (baseline HIC levels ≥median) than in the lower HIC group ( CONCLUSIONS Anagliptin affected HIC levels according to HIC baseline levels. Higher baseline HIC values might result in improved hyperglycemia through reduced HIC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Abe
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and MetabolismNiigata University Faculty of MedicineNiigataJapan
| | - Yasuhiro Matsubayashi
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and MetabolismNiigata University Faculty of MedicineNiigataJapan
| | | | - Akihiro Yoshida
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and MetabolismNiigata University Faculty of MedicineNiigataJapan
- Kowa Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | | | | | - Kazuya Fujihara
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and MetabolismNiigata University Faculty of MedicineNiigataJapan
| | - Shiro Tanaka
- Department of Clinical BiostatisticsGraduate School of Medicine Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | | | - Hirohito Sone
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and MetabolismNiigata University Faculty of MedicineNiigataJapan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Smith KR, Moran TH. Gastrointestinal peptides in eating-related disorders. Physiol Behav 2021; 238:113456. [PMID: 33989649 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Food intake is tightly controlled by homeostatic signals sensitive to metabolic need for the regulation of body weight. This review focuses on the peripherally-secreted gastrointestinal peptides (i.e., ghrelin, cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide 1, and peptide tyrosine tyrosine) that contribute to the control of appetite and discusses how these peptides or the signals arising from their release are disrupted in eating-related disorders across the weight spectrum, namely anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and obesity, and whether they are normalized following weight restoration or weight loss treatment. Further, the role of gut peptides in the pathogenesis and treatment response in human weight conditions as identified by rodent models are discussed. Lastly, we review the incretin- and hormone-based pharmacotherapies available for the treatment of obesity and eating-related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly R Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States.
| | - Timothy H Moran
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ngetich E, Lapolla P, Chandrashekar A, Handa A, Lee R. The role of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV in abdominal aortic aneurysm pathogenesis: A systematic review. Vasc Med 2021; 27:77-87. [PMID: 34392748 PMCID: PMC8808362 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x211034574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an important vascular disease carrying significant mortality implications due to the risk of aneurysm rupture. Current management relies exclusively on surgical repair as there is no effective medical therapy. A key element of AAA pathogenesis is the chronic inflammation mediated by inflammatory cells releasing proteases, including the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV). This review sought to recapitulate available evidence on the involvement of DPP-IV in AAA development. Further, we assessed the experimental use of currently available DPP-IV inhibitors for AAA management in murine models. Embase, Medline, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were utilised to access the relevant studies. The review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). A narrative synthesis approach was used. Sixty-four studies were identified from the searched databases; a final 11 were included in the analysis. DPP-IV was reported to be significantly increased in both AAA tissue and plasma of patients and correlated with AAA growth. DPP-IV inhibitors (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, alogliptin, and teneligliptin) were all shown to attenuate AAA formation in murine models by reducing monocyte differentiation, the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9). DPP-IV seems to play a role in AAA pathogenesis by propagating the inflammatory microenvironment. This is supported by observations of decreased AAA formation and reduction in macrophage infiltration, ROS, matrix MMPs, and interleukins following the use of DPP-IV inhibitors in murine models. There is an existing translational gap from preclinical observations to clinical trials in this important and novel mechanism of AAA pathogenesis. This prior literature highlights the need for further research on molecular targets involved in AAA formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisha Ngetich
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Pierfrancesco Lapolla
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Anirudh Chandrashekar
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Ashok Handa
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Regent Lee
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jia M, Zhang H, Xu J, Su Y, Zhu W. Feeding frequency affects the growth performance, nutrient digestion and absorption of growing pigs with the same daily feed intake. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
23
|
Albarazanji K, Nawrocki AR, Gao B, Wang X, Wang Y(J, Xiao YF. Effects of mixed meal tolerance test on gastric emptying, glucose and lipid homeostasis in obese nonhuman primates. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11866. [PMID: 34088949 PMCID: PMC8178340 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91027-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Meal ingestion elicits a variety of neuronal, physiological and hormonal responses that differ in healthy, obese or diabetic individuals. The mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT) is a well-established method to evaluate pancreatic β-cell reserve and glucose homeostasis in both preclinical and clinical research in response to calorically defined meal. Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are highly valuable for diabetic research as they can naturally develop type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a way similar to the onset and progression of human T2DM. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reproducibility and effects of a MMTT containing acetaminophen on plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, incretin hormones, lipids, acetaminophen appearance (a surrogate marker for gastric emptying) in 16 conscious obese cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Plasma insulin, C-peptide, TG, aGLP-1, tGIP, PYY and acetaminophen significantly increased after meal/acetaminophen administration. A subsequent study in 6 animals showed that the changes of plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, lipids and acetaminophen were reproducible. There were no significant differences in responses to the MMTT among the obese NHPs with (n = 11) or without (n = 5) hyperglycemia. Our results demonstrate that mixed meal administration induces significant secretion of several incretins which are critical for maintaining glucose homeostasis. In addition, the responses to the MMTTs are reproducible in NHPs, which is important when the MMTT is used for evaluating post-meal glucose homeostasis in research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Albarazanji
- grid.497530.c0000 0004 0389 4927Janssen Research & Development, Cardiovascular and Metabolism, 1400 McKean Rd., Spring House, PA 19477 USA
| | - Andrea R. Nawrocki
- grid.497530.c0000 0004 0389 4927Janssen Research & Development, Cardiovascular and Metabolism, 1400 McKean Rd., Spring House, PA 19477 USA
| | - Bin Gao
- grid.497530.c0000 0004 0389 4927Janssen Research & Development, Cardiovascular and Metabolism, 1400 McKean Rd., Spring House, PA 19477 USA
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Crown Bioscience, Inc., 6 Beijing West Road, Taicang, Jiangsu Province 215400 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yixin (Jim) Wang
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Crown Bioscience, Inc., 6 Beijing West Road, Taicang, Jiangsu Province 215400 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Fu Xiao
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Crown Bioscience, Inc., 6 Beijing West Road, Taicang, Jiangsu Province 215400 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Circulating GLP-1 Levels as a Potential Indicator of Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Adult Women. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030865. [PMID: 33800785 PMCID: PMC8001839 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an incretin hormone, plays an important role in regulating glucose homeostasis. In this study, the applicability of circulating GLP-1 levels as an early indicator of metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk was examined. Women without diagnosed diseases were grouped according to their number of MetS risk factors (MetS RFs) (no RFs as Super-healthy, n = 61; one or two RFs as MetS risk carriers, n = 60; 3 ≤ RFs as MetS, n = 19). The circulating GLP-1 levels and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) scores were significantly higher in the MetS group than in the other two groups. The GLP-1 levels correlated positively with adiposity, HOMA-IR, blood pressure, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), but not with fasting glucose and lipid profiles, whose significances were maintained after adjustments for age, smoking and drinking habits, menopausal status, and total calorie intake. The GLP-1 levels also increased proportionally with the number of MetS RFs. In the MetS group, the GLP-1 levels were much higher in individuals with obesity (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2). In conclusion, the circulating GLP-1 level may be applicable as a potential early indicator of MetS risk in women without diagnosed diseases. Further study with a large population is needed to confirm the conclusion.
Collapse
|
25
|
Maselli DB, Camilleri M. Effects of GLP-1 and Its Analogs on Gastric Physiology in Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1307:171-192. [PMID: 32077010 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2020_496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The processing of proglucagon in intestinal L cells results in the formation of glucagon, GLP-1, and GLP-2. The GLP-1 molecule becomes active through the effect of proconvertase 1, and it is inactivated by dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), so that the half-life of endogenous GLP-1 is 2-3 min. GLP-1 stimulates insulin secretion from β cells in the islets of Langerhans. Human studies show that infusion of GLP-1 results in slowing of gastric emptying and increased fasting and postprandial gastric volumes. Retardation of gastric emptying reduces postprandial glycemia. Exendin-4 is a peptide agonist of the GLP-1 receptor that promotes insulin secretion. Chemical modifications of exendin-4 and GLP-1 molecules have been accomplished to prolong the half-life of GLP-1 agonists or analogs. This chapter reviews the effects of GLP-1-related drugs used in treatment of diabetes or obesity on gastric motor functions, chiefly gastric emptying. The literature shows that diverse methods have been used to measure effects of the GLP-1-related drugs on gastric emptying, with most studies using the acetaminophen absorption test which essentially measures gastric emptying of liquids during the first hour and capacity to absorb the drug over 4-6 h, expressed as AUC. The most valid measurements by scintigraphy (solids or liquids) and acetaminophen absorption at 30 or 60 min show that GLP-1-related drugs used in diabetes or obesity retard gastric emptying, and this is associated with reduced glycemia and variable effects on food intake and appetite. GLP-1 agonists and analogs are integral to the management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. The effects on gastric emptying are reduced with long-acting preparations or long-term use of short-acting preparations as a result of tachyphylaxis. The dual agonists targeting GLP-1 and another receptor (GIP) do not retard gastric emptying, based on reports to date. In summary, GLP-1 agonists and analogs are integral to the management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, and their effects are mediated, at least in part, by retardation of gastric emptying.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Maselli
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael Camilleri
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (C.E.N.T.E.R.), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Jones S, Luo S, Dorton HM, Yunker AG, Angelo B, Defendis A, Monterosso JR, Page KA. Obesity and Dietary Added Sugar Interact to Affect Postprandial GLP-1 and Its Relationship to Striatal Responses to Food Cues and Feeding Behavior. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:638504. [PMID: 33868172 PMCID: PMC8044510 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.638504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that the incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), decreases overeating by influencing mesolimbic brain regions that process food-cues, including the dorsal striatum. We previously showed that habitual added sugar intake was associated with lower glucose-induced circulating GLP-1 and a greater striatal response to high calorie food cues in lean individuals. Less is known about how dietary added sugar and obesity may interact to affect postprandial GLP-1 and its relationship to striatal responses to food cues and feeding behavior. The current study aimed to expand upon previous research by assessing how circulating GLP-1 and striatal food cue reactivity are affected by acute glucose consumption in participants with varied BMIs and amounts of habitual consumption of added sugar. This analysis included 72 participants from the Brain Response to Sugar Study who completed two study visits where they consumed either plain water or 75g glucose dissolved in water (order randomized; both drinks were flavored with non-caloric cherry flavoring) and underwent repeated blood sampling, a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) based food-cue task, and an ad-libitum buffet meal. Correlations between circulating GLP-1 levels, striatal food-cue reactivity, and food intake were assessed, and interactions between obesity and added sugar on GLP-1 and striatal responses were examined. An interaction between BMI and dietary added sugar was associated with reduced post-glucose GLP-1 secretion. Participants who were obese and consumed high levels of added sugar had the smallest increase in plasma GLP-1 levels. Glucose-induced GLP-1 secretion was correlated with lower dorsal striatal reactivity to high-calorie versus low-calorie food-cues, driven by an increase in reactivity to low calorie food-cues. The increase in dorsal striatal reactivity to low calorie food-cues was negatively correlated with sugar consumed at the buffet. These findings suggest that an interaction between obesity and dietary added sugar intake is associated with additive reductions in postprandial GLP-1 secretion. Additionally, the results suggest that changes to dorsal striatal food cue reactivity through a combination of dietary added sugar and obesity may affect food consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Jones
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Keck School of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shan Luo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Keck School of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hilary M. Dorton
- Keck School of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alexandra G. Yunker
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Keck School of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Brendan Angelo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Keck School of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alexis Defendis
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Keck School of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - John R. Monterosso
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kathleen A. Page
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Keck School of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Kathleen A. Page,
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Smith K, Taylor GS, Allerton DM, Brunsgaard LH, Bowden Davies KA, Stevenson EJ, West DJ. The Postprandial Glycaemic and Hormonal Responses Following the Ingestion of a Novel, Ready-to-Drink Shot Containing a Low Dose of Whey Protein in Centrally Obese and Lean Adult Males: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:696977. [PMID: 34220720 PMCID: PMC8253223 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.696977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Elevated postprandial glycaemia [PPG] increases the risk of cardiometabolic complications in insulin-resistant, centrally obese individuals. Therefore, strategies that improve PPG are of importance for this population. Consuming large doses of whey protein [WP] before meals reduces PPG by delaying gastric emptying and stimulating the secretion of the incretin peptides, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide [GIP] and glucagon-like peptide 1 [GLP-1]. It is unclear if these effects are observed after smaller amounts of WP and what impact central adiposity has on these gastrointestinal processes. METHODS In a randomised-crossover design, 12 lean and 12 centrally obese adult males performed two 240 min mixed-meal tests, ~5-10 d apart. After an overnight fast, participants consumed a novel, ready-to-drink WP shot (15 g) or volume-matched water (100 ml; PLA) 10 min before a mixed-nutrient meal. Gastric emptying was estimated by oral acetaminophen absorbance. Interval blood samples were collected to measure glucose, insulin, GIP, GLP-1, and acetaminophen. RESULTS WP reduced PPG area under the curve [AUC0-60] by 13 and 18.2% in the centrally obese and lean cohorts, respectively (both p <0.001). In both groups, the reduction in PPG was accompanied by a two-three-fold increase in GLP-1 and delayed gastric emptying. Despite similar GLP-1 responses during PLA, GLP-1 secretion during the WP trial was ~27% lower in centrally obese individuals compared to lean (p = 0.001). In lean participants, WP increased the GLP-1ACTIVE/TOTAL ratio comparative to PLA (p = 0.004), indicative of reduced GLP-1 degradation. Conversely, no treatment effects for GLP-1ACTIVE/TOTAL were seen in obese subjects. CONCLUSION Pre-meal ingestion of a novel, ready-to-drink WP shot containing just 15 g of dietary protein reduced PPG in lean and centrally obese males. However, an attenuated GLP-1 response to mealtime WP and increased incretin degradation might impact the efficacy of nutritional strategies utilising the actions of GLP-1 to regulate PPG in centrally obese populations. Whether these defects are caused by an individual's insulin resistance, their obese state, or other obesity-related ailments needs further investigation. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN.com, identifier [ISRCTN95281775]. https://www.isrctn.com/.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kieran Smith
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Guy S. Taylor
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Dean M. Allerton
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lise Hoej Brunsgaard
- Health and Performance Nutrition, Arla Foods Ingredients Group P/S, Viby J., Denmark
| | - Kelly A. Bowden Davies
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Emma J. Stevenson
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J. West
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Daniel J. West,
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cena H, Chiovato L, Nappi RE. Obesity, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, and Infertility: A New Avenue for GLP-1 Receptor Agonists. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5842158. [PMID: 32442310 PMCID: PMC7457958 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Obesity is responsible for an increased risk of sub-fecundity and infertility. Obese women show poorer reproductive outcomes regardless of the mode of conception, and higher body mass index (BMI) is associated with poorer fertility prognosis. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the leading causes of infertility, and many women with PCOS are also overweight or obese. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION The aim of the present narrative review is to describe the mechanisms responsible for the development of infertility and PCOS in women with obesity/overweight, with a focus on the emerging role of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) as a therapeutic option for obese women with PCOS. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Weight reduction represents the most significant factor affecting fertility and pregnancy outcomes. Current experimental and clinical evidence suggests the presence of an underlying pathophysiological link between obesity, GLP-1 kinetic alterations, and PCOS pathogenesis. Based on the positive results in patients affected by obesity, with or without diabetes, the administration of GLP-1 RA (mainly liraglutide) alone or in combination with metformin has been investigated in women with obesity and PCOS. Several studies demonstrated significant weight loss and testosterone reduction, with mixed results relative to improvements in insulin resistance parameters and menstrual patterns. CONCLUSIONS The weight loss effects of GLP-1 RA offer a unique opportunity to expand the treatment options available to PCOS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hellas Cena
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: Hellas Cena, Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Via Forlanini 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy. E-mail:
| | - Luca Chiovato
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Laboratory for Endocrine Disruptors, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Rossella E Nappi
- Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Gynecological Endocrinology and Menopause, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
van Olst N, Meiring S, de Brauw M, Bergman JJ, Nieuwdorp M, van der Peet DL, Gerdes VE. Small intestinal physiology relevant to bariatric and metabolic endoscopic therapies: Incretins, bile acid signaling, and gut microbiome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tige.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
30
|
Jones S, Hyde A, Davidson TL. Reframing appetitive reinforcement learning and reward valuation as effects mediated by hippocampal-dependent behavioral inhibition. Nutr Res 2020; 79:1-12. [PMID: 32544728 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Traditional theories of neuroeconomics focus on reinforcement learning and reward value. We propose here a novel reframing of reinforcement learning and motivation that includes a hippocampal-dependent regulatory mechanism which balances cue-induced behavioral excitation with behavioral inhibition. This mechanism enables interoceptive cues produced by respective food or drug satiety to antagonize the ability of excitatory food- and drug-related environmental cues to retrieve the memories of food and drug reinforcers, thereby suppressing the power of those cues to evoke appetitive behavior. When the operation of this mechanism is impaired, ability of satiety signals to inhibit appetitive behavior is weakened because the relative balance between inhibition and simple excitation is shifted toward increased retrieval of food and drug memories by environmental cues. In the present paper, we (1) describe the associative processes that constitute this mechanism of hippocampal-dependent behavior inhibition; (2) describe how a prevailing obesity-promoting diet and drugs of abuse produce hippocampal pathophysiologies that can selectively impair this inhibitory function; and (3) propose how glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), an incretin hormone that is recognized as an important satiety signal, may work to protect the hippocampal-dependent inhibition. Our perspective may add to neuroscientific and neuroeconomic analyses of both overeating and drug abuse by outlining the role of hippocampal-dependent memory processes in the control of both food and drug seeking behaviors. In addition, this view suggests that consideration should be given to diet- and drug induced hippocampal pathophysiologies, as potential novel targets for the treatment of dysregulated energy and drug intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Jones
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alexia Hyde
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, American University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Terry L Davidson
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, American University, Washington, DC, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dagbasi A, Lett AM, Murphy K, Frost G. Understanding the interplay between food structure, intestinal bacterial fermentation and appetite control. Proc Nutr Soc 2020; 79:1-17. [PMID: 32383415 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665120006941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical evidence highlight the benefit of dietary fibre consumption on body weight. This benefit is partly attributed to the interaction of dietary fibre with the gut microbiota. Dietary fibre possesses a complex food structure which resists digestion in the upper gut and therefore reaches the distal gut where it becomes available for bacterial fermentation. This process yields SCFA which stimulate the release of appetite-suppressing hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide YY. Food structures can further enhance the delivery of fermentable substrates to the distal gut by protecting the intracellular nutrients during upper gastrointestinal digestion. Domestic and industrial processing can disturb these food structures that act like barriers towards digestive enzymes. This leads to more digestible products that are better absorbed in the upper gut. As a result, less resistant material (fibre) and intracellular nutrients may reach the distal gut, thus reducing substrates for bacterial fermentation and its subsequent benefits on the host metabolism including appetite suppression. Understanding this link is essential for the design of diets and food products that can promote appetite suppression and act as a successful strategy towards obesity management. This article reviews the current evidence in the interplay between food structure, bacterial fermentation and appetite control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Dagbasi
- Department of Medicine, Section for Nutrition Research, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - A M Lett
- Department of Medicine, Section for Nutrition Research, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - K Murphy
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - G Frost
- Department of Medicine, Section for Nutrition Research, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Finan B, Capozzi ME, Campbell JE. Repositioning Glucagon Action in the Physiology and Pharmacology of Diabetes. Diabetes 2020; 69:532-541. [PMID: 31178432 PMCID: PMC7085250 DOI: 10.2337/dbi19-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon is historically described as the counterregulatory hormone to insulin, induced by fasting/hypoglycemia to raise blood glucose through action mediated in the liver. However, it is becoming clear that the biology of glucagon is much more complex and extends beyond hepatic actions to exert control on glucose metabolism. We discuss the inconsistencies with the canonical view that glucagon is primarily a hyperglycemic agent driven by fasting/hypoglycemia and highlight the recent advances that have reshaped the metabolic role of glucagon. These concepts are placed within the context of both normal physiology and the pathophysiology of disease and then extended to discuss emerging strategies that incorporate glucagon agonism in the pharmacology of treating diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Finan
- Novo Nordisk Research Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Megan E Capozzi
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Jonathan E Campbell
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
O'Brien R, O'Malley D. The Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, exendin-4, ameliorated gastrointestinal dysfunction in the Wistar Kyoto rat model of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32:e13738. [PMID: 31602785 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is beneficial in relieving pain-related symptoms of Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a prevalent, multi-factorial functional bowel disorder characterized by diarrhea and/or constipation, abdominal bloating, and pain. Activation of myenteric neurons has been implicated in the inhibitory effects of GLP-1 on gastrointestinal motility; however, the mechanisms of action underlying this are not clear. METHODS A rat model of IBS was used to examine physiological changes evoked by intraperitoneal administration of a GLP-1 receptor agonist, exendin-4. Behavioral and physiological analysis of stress-sensitive Wister Kyoto (WKY) rats was used to determine if administration of exendin-4, in the presence or absence of neutralizing interleukin-6 receptor monoclonal antibodies, modified IBS-like symptoms. Immunofluorescence, calcium imaging, and Western blotting techniques were used to investigate the potential role of enteric neural plexi and tight junction protein expression in this effect. KEY RESULTS Consistent with the expression of GLP-1 and interleukin-6 receptors in both submucosal and myenteric ganglia, exendin-4 and interleukin-6 stimulated calcium responses in these neurons. In vivo administration of exendin-4 normalized stress-induced defecation and visceral pain sensitivity in WKY rats. No additional changes were noted in rats co-treated with exendin-4 and anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibodies. Mucosal expression of occludin, a tight junction protein, was decreased by exendin-4. Centrally regulated anxiety-like behaviors were not modified. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES These data suggest that intraperitoneal injection of exendin-4 improves bowel dysfunction in WKY rats without impacting on centrally regulated anxiety-like behaviors. Modulation of enteric neuronal function and tight junction expression appear to underlie the functional benefits of this intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca O'Brien
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Dervla O'Malley
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kleinert M, Sachs S, Habegger KM, Hofmann SM, Müller TD. Glucagon Regulation of Energy Expenditure. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215407. [PMID: 31671603 PMCID: PMC6862306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucagon's ability to increase energy expenditure has been known for more than 60 years, yet the mechanisms underlining glucagon's thermogenic effect still remain largely elusive. Over the last years, significant efforts were directed to unravel the physiological and cellular underpinnings of how glucagon regulates energy expenditure. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on how glucagon regulates systems metabolism with a special emphasis on its acute and chronic thermogenic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Kleinert
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Centre Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany.
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Stephan Sachs
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Centre Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany.
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, 85740 Munich, Germany.
| | - Kirk M Habegger
- Department of Medicine-Endocrinology and Comprehensive Diabetes Center, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35899, USA.
| | - Susanna M Hofmann
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der LMU, 80336 München, Germany.
| | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Centre Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Eberhard Karls University Hospitals and Clinics, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Buckley MM, O'Brien R, Buckley JM, O'Malley D. GHSR-1 agonist sensitizes rat colonic intrinsic and extrinsic neurons to exendin-4: A role in the manifestation of postprandial gastrointestinal symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome? Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 31:e13684. [PMID: 31311066 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) may experience postprandial symptom exacerbation. Nutrients stimulate intestinal release of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), an incretin hormone with known gastrointestinal effects. However, prior to the postprandial rise in GLP-1, levels of the hunger hormone, ghrelin, peak. The aims of this study were to determine if ghrelin sensitizes colonic intrinsic and extrinsic neurons to the stimulatory actions of a GLP-1 receptor agonist, and if this differs in a rat model of IBS. METHODS Calcium imaging of enteric neurons was compared between Sprague Dawley and Wistar Kyoto rats. Colonic contractile activity and vagal nerve recordings were also compared between strains. KEY RESULTS Circulating GLP-1 concentrations differ between IBS subtypes. Mechanistically, we have provided evidence that calcium responses evoked by exendin-4, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, are potentiated by a ghrelin receptor (GHSR-1) agonist, in both submucosal and myenteric neurons. Although basal patterns of colonic contractility varied between Sprague Dawley and Wister Kyoto rats, the capacity of exendin-4 to alter smooth muscle function was modified by a GHSR-1 agonist in both strains. Gut-brain signaling via GLP-1-mediated activation of vagal afferents was also potentiated by the GHSR-1 agonist. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES These findings support a temporal interaction between ghrelin and GLP-1, where the preprandial peak in ghrelin may temporarily sensitize colonic intrinsic and extrinsic neurons to the neurostimulatory actions of GLP-1. While the sensitizing effects of the GHSR-1 agonist were identified in both rat strains, in the rat model of IBS, underlying contractile activity was aberrant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Buckley
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Rebecca O'Brien
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Julliette M Buckley
- Department of Surgery, University College Cork, Cork, and Mater Private Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Dervla O'Malley
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Nolen-Doerr E, Stockman MC, Rizo I. Mechanism of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Improvements in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity. Curr Obes Rep 2019; 8:284-291. [PMID: 31124035 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-019-00350-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to emphasize the pivotal role of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in tackling the parallel epidemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). RECENT FINDINGS GLP-1-based therapies and in particular GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) have proven to be effective in lowering blood glucose and decreasing weight. GLP-1 RA not only mitigate these significant medical burdens but also result in weight loss and weight loss independent factors that decrease cardiovascular disease (CVD) and microvascular complications of T2DM, such as diabetic nephropathy. GLP-1-based therapies are critical for a patient-centered approach in choosing appropriate pharmacotherapy for T2DM and obesity while also taking into consideration comorbidities, such as cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Nolen-Doerr
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Weight Management, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, 720 Harrison Avenue, Doctor's Office Building, Suite 8100, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Mary-Catherine Stockman
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Weight Management, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, 720 Harrison Avenue, Doctor's Office Building, Suite 8100, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Ivania Rizo
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, and Weight Management, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, 720 Harrison Avenue, Doctor's Office Building, Suite 8100, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ferjan S, Jensterle M, Oblak T, Zitnik IP, Marc J, Goricar K, Dolzan V, Janez A. An impaired glucagon-like peptide-1 response is associated with prediabetes in polycystic ovary syndrome with obesity. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:4691-4700. [PMID: 31438749 PMCID: PMC6833370 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519865351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Impaired glucose homeostasis in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with obesity, age, and disease phenotype. This study aimed to investigate the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) response in patients with obesity and PCOS with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) or prediabetes. Methods Twenty-six women with obesity and PCOS were included. Thirteen women had NGT and 13 had prediabetes. Serum glucose, insulin, and GLP-1 levels were measured during an oral glucose tolerance test. Beta-cell function and insulin resistance were determined. Results Women with prediabetes had significantly lower GLP-1 levels than did those with NGT after a glucose load. GLP-1 levels <3.02 pM at 120 minutes were associated with prediabetes. Women with prediabetes had a lower oral glucose insulin sensitivity (OGIS) index and greater amount of visceral adipose tissue than did those with NGT. Plasma GLP-1 levels at 120 minutes were correlated with visceral adiposity and the OGIS index. A change in GLP-1 levels was correlated with a family history of type 2 diabetes. Conclusion The GLP-1 response is lower in patients with obesity, PCOS, and prediabetes than in those with obesity, PCOS, and NGT. Further investigation of the GLP-1 response as a potential separate risk factor for prediabetes in PCOS is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Ferjan
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,University of Ljubljana Faculty of Medicine, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Jensterle
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,University of Ljubljana Faculty of Medicine, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tjasa Oblak
- University of Ljubljana Faculty of Medicine, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Janja Marc
- University of Ljubljana Faculty of Pharmacy, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Goricar
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolzan
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Janez
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,University of Ljubljana Faculty of Medicine, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Capozzi ME, Wait JB, Koech J, Gordon AN, Coch RW, Svendsen B, Finan B, D'Alessio DA, Campbell JE. Glucagon lowers glycemia when β-cells are active. JCI Insight 2019; 5:129954. [PMID: 31335319 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.129954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon and insulin are commonly believed to have counteracting effects on blood glucose levels. However, recent studies have demonstrated that glucagon has a physiologic role to activate β-cells and enhance insulin secretion. To date, the actions of glucagon have been studied mostly in fasting or hypoglycemic states, yet it is clear that mixed-nutrient meals elicit secretion of both glucagon and insulin, suggesting that glucagon also contributes to glucose regulation in the postprandial state. We hypothesized that the elevated glycemia seen in the fed state would allow glucagon to stimulate insulin secretion and reduce blood glucose. In fact, exogenous glucagon given under fed conditions did robustly stimulate insulin secretion and lower glycemia. Exogenous glucagon given to fed Gcgr:Glp1rβcell-/- mice failed to stimulate insulin secretion or reduce glycemia, demonstrating the importance of an insulinotropic glucagon effect. The action of endogenous glucagon to reduce glycemia in the fed state was tested with administration of alanine, a potent glucagon secretagogue. Alanine raised blood glucose in fasted WT mice or fed Gcgr:Glp1rβcell-/- mice, conditions where glucagon is unable to stimulate β-cell activity. However, alanine given to fed WT mice produced a decrease in glycemia, along with elevated insulin and glucagon levels. Overall, our data support a model in which glucagon serves as an insulinotropic hormone in the fed state and complements rather than opposes insulin action to maintain euglycemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Reilly W Coch
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and.,Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Brian Finan
- Novo Nordisk Research Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - David A D'Alessio
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and.,Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jonathan E Campbell
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and.,Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Elmansi AM, Awad ME, Eisa NH, Kondrikov D, Hussein KA, Aguilar-Pérez A, Herberg S, Periyasamy-Thandavan S, Fulzele S, Hamrick MW, McGee-Lawrence ME, Isales CM, Volkman BF, Hill WD. What doesn't kill you makes you stranger: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (CD26) proteolysis differentially modulates the activity of many peptide hormones and cytokines generating novel cryptic bioactive ligands. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 198:90-108. [PMID: 30759373 PMCID: PMC7883480 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) is an exopeptidase found either on cell surfaces where it is highly regulated in terms of its expression and surface availability (CD26) or in a free/circulating soluble constitutively available and intrinsically active form. It is responsible for proteolytic cleavage of many peptide substrates. In this review we discuss the idea that DPP4-cleaved peptides are not necessarily inactivated, but rather can possess either a modified receptor selectivity, modified bioactivity, new antagonistic activity, or even a novel activity relative to the intact parent ligand. We examine in detail five different major DPP4 substrates: glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY), and neuropeptide Y (NPY), and stromal derived factor 1 (SDF-1 aka CXCL12). We note that discussion of the cleaved forms of these five peptides are underrepresented in the research literature, and are both poorly investigated and poorly understood, representing a serious research literature gap. We believe they are understudied and misinterpreted as inactive due to several factors. This includes lack of accurate and specific quantification methods, sample collection techniques that are inherently inaccurate and inappropriate, and a general perception that DPP4 cleavage inactivates its ligand substrates. Increasing evidence points towards many DPP4-cleaved ligands having their own bioactivity. For example, GLP-1 can work through a different receptor than GLP-1R, DPP4-cleaved GIP can function as a GIP receptor antagonist at high doses, and DPP4-cleaved PYY, NPY, and CXCL12 can have different receptor selectivity, or can bind novel, previously unrecognized receptors to their intact ligands, resulting in altered signaling and functionality. We believe that more rigorous research in this area could lead to a better understanding of DPP4's role and the biological importance of the generation of novel cryptic ligands. This will also significantly impact our understanding of the clinical effects and side effects of DPP4-inhibitors as a class of anti-diabetic drugs that potentially have an expanding clinical relevance. This will be specifically relevant in targeting DPP4 substrate ligands involved in a variety of other major clinical acute and chronic injury/disease areas including inflammation, immunology, cardiology, stroke, musculoskeletal disease and injury, as well as cancer biology and tissue maintenance in aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Elmansi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, United States; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29403, United States
| | - Mohamed E Awad
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Nada H Eisa
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Dmitry Kondrikov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, United States; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29403, United States
| | - Khaled A Hussein
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alexandra Aguilar-Pérez
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine in Indianapolis, IN, United States; Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamon, 00956, Puerto Rico; Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Samuel Herberg
- Departments of Ophthalmology & Cell and Dev. Bio., SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, United States
| | | | - Sadanand Fulzele
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Center for Healthy Aging, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, United States
| | - Mark W Hamrick
- Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Center for Healthy Aging, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, United States
| | - Meghan E McGee-Lawrence
- Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Center for Healthy Aging, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, United States
| | - Carlos M Isales
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Center for Healthy Aging, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, United States; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Brian F Volkman
- Biochemistry Department, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - William D Hill
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, United States; Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29403, United States; Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; Center for Healthy Aging, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Izaguirre M, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Rodríguez A, Ramírez B, Becerril S, Valentí V, Moncada R, Unamuno X, Silva C, de la Higuera M, Salvador J, Monreal I, Frühbeck G, Catalán V. GLP-1 Limits Adipocyte Inflammation and Its Low Circulating Pre-Operative Concentrations Predict Worse Type 2 Diabetes Remission after Bariatric Surgery in Obese Patients. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E479. [PMID: 30970605 PMCID: PMC6518381 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8040479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 has been proposed as a key candidate in glucose improvements after bariatric surgery. Our aim was to explore the role of GLP-1 in surgically-induced type 2 diabetes (T2D) improvement and its capacity to regulate human adipocyte inflammation. METHODS Basal circulating concentrations of GLP-1 as well as during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were measured in lean and obese volunteers with and without T2D (n = 93). In addition, GLP-1 levels were determined before and after weight loss achieved by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) (n = 77). The impact of GLP-1 on inflammation signalling pathways was also evaluated. RESULTS We show that the reduced (p < 0.05) circulating levels of GLP-1 in obese T2D patients increased (p < 0.05) after RYGB. The area under the curve was significantly lower in obese patients with (p < 0.01) and without (p < 0.05) T2D compared to lean volunteers while obese patients with T2D exhibited decreased GLP-1 levels at baseline (p < 0.05) and 120 min (p < 0.01) after the OGTT. Importantly, higher (p < 0.05) pre-operative GLP-1 concentrations were found in patients with T2D remission after RYGB. We also revealed that exendin-4, a GLP-1 agonist, downregulated the expression of inflammation-related genes (IL1B, IL6, IL8, TNF) and, conversely, upregulated the mRNA levels of ADIPOQ in human visceral adipocytes. Furthermore, exendin-4 blocked (p < 0.05) LPS-induced inflammation in human adipocytes via downregulating the expression and secretion of key inflammatory markers. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that GLP-1 may contribute to glycemic control and exert a role in T2D remission after RYGB. GLP-1 is also involved in limiting inflammation in human visceral adipocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maitane Izaguirre
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Ramírez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Sara Becerril
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Víctor Valentí
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Rafael Moncada
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Anesthesia, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Xabier Unamuno
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Camilo Silva
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona/Madrid, Spain.
| | - Magdalena de la Higuera
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona/Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Salvador
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona/Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Monreal
- Department of Biochemistry, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona/Madrid, Spain.
| | - Victoria Catalán
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Aoki C, Suzuki K, Kuroda H, Sagara M, Shimizu M, Kasai K, Aso Y. Fixed-dose combination of alogliptin/pioglitazone improves glycemic control in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus independent of body mass index. NAGOYA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2018; 79:9-16. [PMID: 28303056 PMCID: PMC5346615 DOI: 10.18999/nagjms.79.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of switching from combination therapy with either alogliptin (Alo) or pioglitazone (Pio) to fixed-dose combination therapy (FDCT) with alogliptin and pioglitazone (Alo-Pio FDCT). The usefulness and efficacy of Alo-Pio FDCT were investigated. A total of 50 outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with Alo and 47 outpatients with T2DM treated with Pio were switched to Alo-Pio FDCT, and its efficacy and usefulness were evaluated. Significant improvements were observed in hemoglobinA1c (HbA1c), alanine transaminase (ALT), and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels after switching to Alo-Pio FDCT for 16 weeks in both groups. Only the group switching from Alo to Alo-Pio FDCT showed significant improvements in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) levels and triglyceride levels. In a multivariate logistic regression model of the variation in the change of HbA1c at 16 weeks, ALT and GGT were independent predictors of the change of HbA1c at 16 weeks. In addition, the switch to Alo-Pio FDCT improved glycemic control to a certain degree regardless of BMI. Switching from either Alo or Pio to Alo-PIO FDCT may, unlike monotherapy with a DPP-4 inhibitor, be effective for patients with T2DM regardless of whether they are obese or lean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chie Aoki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotugagun, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Suzuki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotugagun, Japan
| | - Hisamoto Kuroda
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotugagun, Japan; Green Clinic, Shimotugagun, Japan
| | - Masaaki Sagara
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotugagun, Japan
| | - Masanori Shimizu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotugagun, Japan
| | | | - Yoshimasa Aso
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Shimotugagun, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Haddad E, Wien M, Oda K, Sabaté J. Postprandial gut hormone responses to Hass avocado meals and their association with visual analog scores in overweight adults: A randomized 3 × 3 crossover trial. Eat Behav 2018; 31:35-40. [PMID: 30096700 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate changes in postingestive gut hormone concentrations from the consumption of Hass avocado by addition or inclusion to lunch test meals, and to examine their association with measures of appetite sensation. METHODS A randomized 3 × 3 crossover study was conducted with 26 healthy overweight adults. Participants consumed one of three test meals: avocado-free control (C); isoenergic avocado inclusive (AI); and, energy increased avocado added (AA) one week apart. Ghrelin, peptide YY3-36 (PYY3-36), gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) concentrations were measured at specific times before and following the test meals. Appetite sensations (Hunger, Fullness, Satisfied, Desire, How Much) were self-assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) tool at matching time points and a Composite VAS score was computed. Mixed models and repeated measures analysis were used to compare differences among the test meals for VAS measurements and gut hormones, and their associations were evaluated using regression analysis. RESULTS A decrease in the 3-hour GLP-1 area under the curve (AUC) was observed in the AA meal compared to the C meal (P = 0.03). Negative associations were found for PYY3-36 and GIP for Hunger, Desire and How Much, and positive associations for Fullness, Satisfied and the Composite VAS score (all P < 0.001). For GLP-1, a negative association for Hunger and a positive association for Satisfied and the Composite VAS score (all P < 0.05) were noted. CONCLUSIONS Postprandial responses to PYY3-36, GIP and GLP-1 concentrations were associated with VAS measures and the Composite VAS score following consumption of test meals in overweight adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ella Haddad
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, United States.
| | | | - Keiji Oda
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, United States.
| | - Joan Sabaté
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Stenlid R, Manell H, Halldin M, Kullberg J, Ahlström H, Manukyan L, Weghuber D, Paulmichl K, Zsoldos F, Bergsten P, Forslund A. High DPP-4 Concentrations in Adolescents Are Associated With Low Intact GLP-1. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:2958-2966. [PMID: 29850829 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) metabolizes glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and increased DPP4 levels are associated with obesity and visceral adiposity in adults. OBJECTIVE Investigating DPP-4 levels in adolescents and their association with (1) circulating intact GLP-1 levels and glucose tolerance; (2) body mass index (BMI); and (3) visceral, subcutaneous, and liver fat compartments. DESIGN Cross-sectional study, July 2012 to April 2015. SETTING Pediatric obesity clinic, Uppsala University Hospital. PATIENTS AND PARTICIPANTS Children and adolescents with obesity (n = 59) and lean controls (n = 21) aged 8 to 18 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES BMI SD score, fasting plasma concentrations of DPP-4, total and intact GLP-1, fasting and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) concentrations of glucose, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue volumes and liver fat fraction. RESULTS Plasma DPP-4 levels decreased with age in both obese (41 ng/mL per year) and lean subjects (48 ng/mL per year). Plasma DPP-4 levels were higher in males in both the obesity and lean groups. With adjustments for age and sex, plasma DPP-4 level was negatively associated with intact GLP-1 at fasting (β = -12.3; 95% CI: -22.9, -1.8) and during OGTT (β = -12.1; 95% CI: -22.5, -1.7). No associations were found between DPP-4 and plasma glucose levels measured at fasting or after a 2-hour OGTT. Plasma DPP-4 level was 19% higher in obese subjects. Among adipose tissue compartments, the strongest association was with VAT (β = 0.05; 95% CI: -0.02, 0.12). CONCLUSIONS In adolescents, high plasma DPP-4 concentrations were associated with low proportions of intact GLP-1, high BMI, young age, and male sex. The observed associations are compatible with increased metabolism of GLP-1 in childhood obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Stenlid
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hannes Manell
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Halldin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joel Kullberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Antaros Medical, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Håkan Ahlström
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Antaros Medical, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Levon Manukyan
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Weghuber
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Katharina Paulmichl
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Fanni Zsoldos
- Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Obesity Research Unit, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter Bergsten
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Forslund
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Pacini G, Ahrén B. Glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide: effects alone and in combination on insulin secretion and glucose disappearance in mice. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:5/11/e13280. [PMID: 28611149 PMCID: PMC5471432 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) and glucose‐dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) stimulate insulin secretion. They are both released after meal ingestion, and therefore they might cooperate in their actions. However, whether there is a cooperative action of the two incretins is not known. This study therefore investigated the effects on insulin secretion and glucose disappearance of GLP‐1 and GIP when given together with intravenous glucose both alone and in combination in mice. Four different doses were used (0.003, 0.03, 0.3 and 3.0 nmol/kg), which ranged from subthreshold to maximal doses to stimulate first‐phase insulin secretion as evident from initial dose–response studies. It was found that at 0.03 nmol/kg and higher doses, glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion was augmented by both incretins. When they were given in combination, no further increase was observed, indicating no synergistic effect. Also, glucose disappearance rate was increased by 0.03 and 3.0 nmol/kg of the two incretins, both when they were given alone and in combination with, again, no synergy. Finally, glucose effectiveness (an index of noninsulin‐mediated processes) was enhanced by the two incretins, in particular GIP. We also found that insulin‐dependent and insulin‐independent mechanisms contributed 38% and 62%, respectively, to glucose tolerance after glucose alone; with GIP, the contribution by noninsulin‐dependent processes was remarkably dominant and with GLP‐1, insulin‐dependent processes were prevailing. In conclusion, GIP and GLP‐1 stimulate insulin secretion and glucose effectiveness in mice with no synergistic action, but with a dissociated contributory effector on glucose disposal: with GLP‐1 being more active on insulin‐dependent processes and GIP more active on noninsulin‐dependent processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pacini
- Metabolic Unit, Institute of Neuroscience (IN-CNR), Padova, Italy
| | - Bo Ahrén
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Brubaker PL. Glucagon‐like Peptide‐2 and the Regulation of Intestinal Growth and Function. Compr Physiol 2018; 8:1185-1210. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
46
|
Koh G. Association between Serum Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Concentration and Obesity-Related Factors in Health Screen Examinees (J Obes Metab Syndr 2017;26:188-96). J Obes Metab Syndr 2018; 27:71-72. [PMID: 31089543 PMCID: PMC6489484 DOI: 10.7570/jomes.2018.27.1.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gwanpyo Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Varghese RT, Man CD, Laurenti MC, Piccinini F, Sharma A, Shah M, Bailey KR, Rizza RA, Cobelli C, Vella A. Performance of individually measured vs population-based C-peptide kinetics to assess β-cell function in the presence and absence of acute insulin resistance. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018; 20:549-555. [PMID: 28862812 PMCID: PMC5946313 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To compare the performance of population-based kinetics with that of directly measured C-peptide kinetics when used to calculate β-cell responsivity indices, and to study people with and without acute insulin resistance to ensure that population-based kinetics apply to all conditions where β-cell function is measured. METHODS Somatostatin was used to inhibit endogenous insulin secretion in 56 people without diabetes. Subsequently, a C-peptide bolus was administered and the changing concentrations were used to calculate individual kinetic measures of C-peptide clearance. In addition, the participants were studied on 2 occasions in random order using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). On one occasion, free fatty acid elevation, to cause insulin resistance, was achieved by infusion of Intralipid + heparin. The Disposition Index (DI) was then estimated by the oral minimal model using either population-based or individual C-peptide kinetics. RESULTS There were marked differences in the exchange variables (k 12 and k 21 ) of the model describing C-peptide kinetics, but smaller differences in the fractional clearance; that is, the irreversible loss from the accessible compartment (k 01 ), obtained from population-based estimates compared with experimental measurement. Because it is predominantly influenced by k 01 , DI estimated using individual kinetics correlated well with DI estimated using population-based kinetics. CONCLUSIONS These data support the use of population-based measures of C-peptide kinetics to estimate β-cell function during an OGTT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ron T. Varghese
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, 200 1 St SW, 5-194 Joseph, Rochester, Minnesota USA
| | - Chiara Dalla Man
- Department of Information Engineering, Universita’ di Padova, Via Gradenigo 6B, Padova, Italy
| | - Marcello C. Laurenti
- Department of Information Engineering, Universita’ di Padova, Via Gradenigo 6B, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Piccinini
- Department of Information Engineering, Universita’ di Padova, Via Gradenigo 6B, Padova, Italy
| | - Anu Sharma
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, 200 1 St SW, 5-194 Joseph, Rochester, Minnesota USA
| | - Meera Shah
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, 200 1 St SW, 5-194 Joseph, Rochester, Minnesota USA
| | - Kent R. Bailey
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, 200 1 St SW, Rochester, Minnesota USA
| | - Robert A. Rizza
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, 200 1 St SW, 5-194 Joseph, Rochester, Minnesota USA
| | - Claudio Cobelli
- Department of Information Engineering, Universita’ di Padova, Via Gradenigo 6B, Padova, Italy
| | - Adrian Vella
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, 200 1 St SW, 5-194 Joseph, Rochester, Minnesota USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Charoenphandhu N, Suntornsaratoon P, Sa-Nguanmoo P, Tanajak P, Teerapornpuntakit J, Aeimlapa R, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn S. Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor, Vildagliptin, Improves Trabecular Bone Mineral Density and Microstructure in Obese, Insulin-Resistant, Pre-diabetic Rats. Can J Diabetes 2018; 42:545-552. [PMID: 29606326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obese insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus profoundly impair bone mechanical properties and bone quality. However, because several antidiabetes drugs, especially thiazolidinediones, further aggravate bone loss in individuals with diabetes, diabetic osteopathy should not be treated by using simply any glucose-lowering agents. Recently, incretins have been reported to affect osteoblast function positively. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of vildagliptin, an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4, on bone of rats with high-fat-diet-induced prediabetes. METHODS Male rats were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks to induce obese insulin resistance and then treated with vildagliptin for 4 weeks. The effects of the drug on bone were determined by microcomputed tomography and bone histomorphometry. RESULTS Vildagliptin markedly improved insulin resistance in these obese insulin-resistant rats. It also significantly increased volumetric bone mineral density. Specifically, vildagliptin-treated obese insulin-resistant rats exhibited higher trabecular volumetric bone mineral density than vehicle-treated obese insulin-resistant rats, whereas cortical volumetric bone mineral density, cortical thickness and area were not changed. Bone histomorphometric analysis in a trabecular-rich area (i.e. tibial metaphysis) revealed greater trabecular bone volume and number and less trabecular separation without change in trabecular thickness, osteocyte lacunar area or cortical thickness in the vildagliptin-treated group. CONCLUSIONS Vildagliptin had a beneficial effect on the bone of obese insulin-resistant rats with prediabetes, particularly at the trabecular site. Such benefit probably results from enhanced bone formation rather than from suppressed bone resorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narattaphol Charoenphandhu
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Panan Suntornsaratoon
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piangkwan Sa-Nguanmoo
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pongpan Tanajak
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jarinthorn Teerapornpuntakit
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Ratchaneevan Aeimlapa
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Qin CJ, Zhao LH, Zhou X, Zhang HL, Wen W, Tang L, Zeng M, Wang MD, Fu GB, Huang S, Huang WJ, Yang Y, Bao ZJ, Zhou WP, Wang HY, Yan HX. Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV prevents high fat diet-induced liver cancer angiogenesis by downregulating chemokine ligand 2. Cancer Lett 2018; 420:26-37. [PMID: 29409972 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is typically accompanied by higher levels of serum dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4). However, the role of DPP4 in obesity-promoted HCC is unclear. Here, we found that consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) promoted HCC cell proliferation and metastasis and led to poor survival in a carcinogen-induced model of HCC in rats. Notably, genetic ablation of DPP4 or treatment with a DPP4 inhibitor (vildagliptin) prevented HFD-induced HCC. Moreover, HFD-induced DPP4 activity facilitated angiogenesis and cancer cell metastasis in vitro and in vivo, and vildagliptin prevented tumor progression by mediating the pro-angiogenic role of chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2). Loss of DPP4 effectively reversed HFD-induced CCL2 production and angiogenesis, indicating that the DPP4/CCL2/angiogenesis cascade had key roles in HFD-associated HCC progression. Furthermore, concomitant changes in serum DPP4 and CCL2 were observed in 210 patients with HCC, and high serum DPP4 activity was associated with poor clinical prognosis. These results revealed a link between obesity-related high serum DPP4 activity and HCC progression. Inhibition of DPP4 may represent a novel therapeutic intervention for patients with HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Jie Qin
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Easten Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer Research, Shanghai 201805, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Ling-Hao Zhao
- National Center for Liver Cancer Research, Shanghai 201805, China; The Third Department of Easten Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Easten Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer Research, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Hui-Lu Zhang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wen Wen
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Easten Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer Research, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Liang Tang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Easten Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer Research, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Min Zeng
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Easten Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer Research, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Ming-Da Wang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Easten Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer Research, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Gong-Bo Fu
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Easten Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer Research, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Department of Tumor Minimally Invasive Surgery, Reiji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wei-Jian Huang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Easten Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer Research, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- The Third Department of Easten Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Bao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Wei-Ping Zhou
- National Center for Liver Cancer Research, Shanghai 201805, China; The Third Department of Easten Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hong-Yang Wang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Easten Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer Research, Shanghai 201805, China.
| | - He-Xin Yan
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Easten Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Center for Liver Cancer Research, Shanghai 201805, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Moghadam AA, Moran TH, Dailey MJ. Alterations in circadian and meal-induced gut peptide levels in lean and obese rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:1786-1794. [PMID: 29191090 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217732041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in gut hormone signaling are a likely contributing factor to the metabolic disturbances associated with overweight/obesity as they coordinate the timing of feeding behavior, absorption, and utilization of nutrients. These hormones are released in response to food intake, or follow a circadian or anticipatory pattern of secretion that is independent of nutrient stimulation. The aim of this study was to identify the degree to which high-fat diet-induced obesity would alter the daily rhythm of gut peptide plasma levels (glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP-1], peptide YY [PYY], insulin or amylin [AMY]) or meal-induced levels in the middle of the light or dark cycle. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet (OBESE) or chow (LEAN), implanted with jugular catheters, and blood samples were taken every 2 h throughout the light/dark cycle while freely feeding or after an Ensure liquid meal. We found that even when OBESE and LEAN animals ate the same kcals and have a similar pattern of food intake, there is a difference in both the levels and rhythm of plasma gut peptides. GLP-1 and PYY are higher during the light cycle in LEAN animals and AMY is higher in the OBESE group throughout the light/dark cycle. There was also a differential response of plasma gut signals after the Ensure meal, even though the composition and amount of intake of the meal were the same in both groups. These changes occur prior to the high-fat diet induced loss of glycemic control and may be a target for early intervention. Impact statement The aim of this study was to test if obesity would alter the daily rhythm of gut peptides or meal-induced levels in the middle of the light or dark cycle. We found that even when animals are eating the same amount (in kcal) of food that the obese animals have altered daily rhythms and meal-induced gut peptide levels. In particular, we are the first to show that obesity induces increases in peptide YY levels during the light cycle and amylin remains high throughout the light and dark cycle in obese animals. These changes occurred prior to a loss of glycemic control. Thus, the rhythm of gut peptides could be used as an early indicator of later and more serious metabolic disturbances and may be a target for early intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Moghadam
- 1 Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10591, USA
| | - Timothy H Moran
- 2 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Megan J Dailey
- 3 Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| |
Collapse
|