1
|
Favaretto F, Bettini S, Busetto L, Milan G, Vettor R. Adipogenic progenitors in different organs: Pathophysiological implications. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:71-85. [PMID: 34716543 PMCID: PMC8873140 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09686-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In physiological conditions, the adipose organ resides in well-defined areas, where it acts providing an energy supply and as an endocrine organ involved in the control of whole-body energy metabolism. Adipose tissue adipokines connect the body's nutritional status to the regulation of energy balance. When it surrounds organs, it provides also for mechanical protection. Adipose tissue has a complex and heterogenous cellular composition that includes adipocytes, adipose tissue-derived stromal and stem cells (ASCs) which are mesenchymal stromal cells, and endothelial and immune cells, which signal to each other and to other tissues to maintain homeostasis. In obesity and in other nutrition related diseases, as well as in age-related diseases, biological and functional changes of adipose tissue give rise to several complications. Obesity triggers alterations of ASCs, impairing adipose tissue remodeling and adipose tissue function, which induces low-grade systemic inflammation, progressive insulin resistance and other metabolic disorders. Adipose tissue grows by hyperplasia recruiting new ASCs and by hypertrophy, up to its expandability limit. To overcome this limitation and to store the excess of nutrients, adipose tissue develops ectopically, involving organs such as muscle, bone marrow and the heart. The origin of ectopic adipose organ is not clearly elucidated, and a possible explanation lies in the stimulation of the adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal precursor cells which normally differentiate toward a lineage specific for the organ in which they reside. The chronic exposition of these newly-formed adipose depots to the pathological environment, will confer to them all the phenotypic characteristics of a dysfunctional adipose tissue, perpetuating the organ alterations. Visceral fat, but also ectopic fat, either in the liver, muscle or heart, can increase the risk of developing insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Being able to prevent and to target dysfunctional adipose tissue will avoid the progression towards the complications of obesity and other nutrition-related diseases. The aim of this review is to summarize some of the knowledge regarding the presence of adipose tissue in particular tissues (where it is not usually present), describing the composition of its adipogenic precursors, and the interactions responsible for the development of organ pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Favaretto
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine 3, University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Silvia Bettini
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine 3, University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Busetto
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine 3, University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Gabriella Milan
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine 3, University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Roberto Vettor
- grid.5608.b0000 0004 1757 3470Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine 3, University of Padua, via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padua, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hassler E, Almer G, Reishofer G, Deutschmann H, Renner W, Herrmann M, Leber S, Staszewski A, Gunzer F, Mangge H. Investigation of the Relationship between the Mid_Thigh Adipose Tissue Distribution Measured by MRI and Serum Osteocalcin—A Sex-Based Approach. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010112. [PMID: 35010988 PMCID: PMC8747071 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteocalcin, in its non-carboxylated form, has a positive effect on glucose metabolism. Additionally, osteocalcin levels are related to body composition, especially muscle mass. The relation to the distribution of different adipose tissue types, such as subcutaneous, intermuscular, and visceral adipose tissue, is unclear. This study aimed to investigate associations between serum osteocalcin and the distribution of subcutaneous and intermuscular adipose tissue of the mid-thigh. Furthermore, the influence of different training methods on osteocalcin levels was investigated. We performed adipose tissue quantification of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) using MRI measurements of the mid-thigh in 128 volunteers (63 male/65 female). Laboratory analysis included blood lipid panel, serum insulin, adiponectin, and osteocalcin measurements. The main observation was a significant correlation of total serum osteocalcin (TOC) and the distribution of adipose tissue of the mid-thigh (SAT/(SAT + IMAT)) (cc = −0.29/p-value = 0.002), as well as the cross-sectional muscle area (MA), increasing with the weekly resistance training duration in males. Additionally, TOC (p-value = 0.01) and MA (p-value = 0.03) were negatively related to serum insulin. The significant relationship between TOC and SAT/(SAT + IMAT) is a new finding and confirms the negative influence of IMAT on glucose metabolism in a sex-specific approach. We could substantiate this by the negative relation of TOC with serum insulin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hassler
- Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (E.H.); (H.D.); (S.L.); (A.S.); (F.G.)
| | - Gunter Almer
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (G.A.); (W.R.); (M.H.); (H.M.)
| | - Gernot Reishofer
- Department of Radiology, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Biotech Med Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence:
| | - Hannes Deutschmann
- Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (E.H.); (H.D.); (S.L.); (A.S.); (F.G.)
| | - Wilfried Renner
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (G.A.); (W.R.); (M.H.); (H.M.)
| | - Markus Herrmann
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (G.A.); (W.R.); (M.H.); (H.M.)
| | - Stefan Leber
- Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (E.H.); (H.D.); (S.L.); (A.S.); (F.G.)
| | - Alexander Staszewski
- Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (E.H.); (H.D.); (S.L.); (A.S.); (F.G.)
| | - Felix Gunzer
- Division of Neuroradiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (E.H.); (H.D.); (S.L.); (A.S.); (F.G.)
| | - Harald Mangge
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (G.A.); (W.R.); (M.H.); (H.M.)
- Biotech Med Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shtaif B, Hornfeld SH, Yackobovitch-Gavan M, Phillip M, Gat-Yablonski G. Anxiety and Cognition in Cre- Collagen Type II Sirt1 K/O Male Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:756909. [PMID: 34867800 PMCID: PMC8641514 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.756909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Using transgenic collagen type II-specific Sirt1 knockout (CKO) mice we studied the role of Sirt1 in nutritional induced catch up growth (CUG) and we found that these mice have a less organized growth plate and reduced efficiency of CUG. In addition, we noted that they weigh more than control (CTL) mice. Studying the reason for the increased weigh, we found differences in activity and brain function. Methods Several tests for behavior and activity were used: open field; elevated plus maze, Morris water maze, and home cage running wheels. The level of Glu- osteocalcin, known to connect bone and brain function, was measured by Elisa; brain Sirt1 was analyzed by western blot. Results We found that CKO mice had increased anxiety, with less spatial memory, learning capabilities and reduced activity in their home cages. No significant differences were found between CKO and CTL mice in Glu- osteocalcin levels; nor in the level of brain SIRT1. Discussion/Conclusion Using transgenic collagen type II-specific Sirt1 knockout (CKO) mice we found a close connection between linear growth and brain function. Using a collagen type II derived system we affected a central regulatory mechanism leading to hypo activity, increased anxiety, and slower learning, without affecting circadian period. As children with idiopathic short stature are more likely to have lower IQ, with substantial deficits in working memory than healthy controls, the results of the current study suggest that SIRT1 may be the underlying factor connecting growth and brain function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biana Shtaif
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Laboratory for Molecular Endocrinology and Diabetes, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Shay Henry Hornfeld
- Laboratory for Molecular Endocrinology and Diabetes, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Michal Yackobovitch-Gavan
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Moshe Phillip
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Laboratory for Molecular Endocrinology and Diabetes, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
- The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Galia Gat-Yablonski
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Laboratory for Molecular Endocrinology and Diabetes, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
- The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pattern of Adiponectin, Osteocalcin, Irisin, FGF-21, and MCP-1 According to the Body Size Phenotype: Could They Be Markers of Metabolic Health in Mexican-Mestizo Middle-Aged Women? Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11110771. [PMID: 34822430 PMCID: PMC8619823 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Variations in levels of some adipokines, myokines, osteokines, hepatokines and inflammatory cytokines contribute to abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of adiponectin, osteocalcin (OCN), irisin, FGF-21, and MCP-1 according to the body size phenotype of middle-aged women, and their associations with BMI, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and HOMA-IR. A cross-sectional study in 265 women aged from 40 to 65 years was performed. The biochemical characteristics were evaluated in metabolically healthy normal weight, metabolically unhealthy normal weight, metabolically healthy obese, and metabolically unhealthy obese women. There was an association of OCN with BMI (r = -0.107; p = 0.047); adiponectin with BMI (r = -0.217; p = 0.001), insulin (r = -0.415; p = 0.0001), HOMA-IR (r = -0.429; p = 0.0001), and VAT (r = -0.134; p = 0.025); irisin with BMI (r = 0.604; p = 0.001), insulin (r = 0.446; p = 0.0001), HOMA-IR (r = 0.452; p = 0.0001), and VAT (r = 0.645; p = 0.0001); FGF-21 with insulin (r = -0.337; p= 0.030) and HOMA-IR (r = -0.341; p = 0.03); and MCP-1 with BMI (r = 0.481; p = 0.0001), VAT (r = 0.497; p = 0.001), insulin (r = 0.298; p= 0.001), and HOMA-IR (r = 0.255; p = 0.004). A multivariate analysis showed that an elevation of OCN (OR 1.4 (95%CI 1.06-1.81)) and a reduction of adiponectin (OR 0.9 (0.84-0.96)) were associated factors for a metabolic unhealthy phenotype in normal weight participants. Likewise, higher irisin (OR 1.007 (1.003-1.011)) and MCP-1 (1.044 (1.008-1.083)) were risk factors for a metabolic unhealthy phenotype in woman with obesity. OCN, adiponectin, irisin, FGF-21, and MCP-1 are associated with some metabolic parameters such as BMI, HOMA-IR, and VAT, and could be possible biomarkers of an unhealthy metabolic phenotype in middle-aged women.
Collapse
|
5
|
Song L, Huang Y, Long J, Li Y, Pan Z, Fang F, Long Y, Huang C, Qi N, Guo Y, Xia H, Jiang Y. The Role of Osteocalcin in Placental Function in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Reprod Biol 2021; 21:100566. [PMID: 34626941 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2021.100566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Evidence for the role of osteocalcin in glucose metabolism is increasing. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between osteocalcin and gestational diabetes mellitus. Thirteen discovery study subjects and 76 reduplication study subjects were recruited from the Maternal and Child Health Hospital Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from May 2018 to August 2018. Total osteocalcin and biochemical indices of maternal serum and umbilical vein serum were analyzed. Placental tissue samples were used for transcriptome sequencing. For the discovery study subjects, the total osteocalcin concentration in umbilical vein serum was significantly higher than that in maternal serum and umbilical artery serum (55.32 ng/mL ± 17.37 vs. 12.06 ng/mL ± 5.42 [P < 0.001] vs. 38.31 ng/mL ± 11.52 [P < 0.01]), suggesting that trophoblasts may synthesize osteocalcin. In a reduplication subject study, the gestational diabetes mellitus group had lower umbilical vein serum total osteocalcin (51.46 ng/mL ± 24.29 vs. 67.00 ng/mL ± 25.33, P = 0.008), lower adiponectin (1099.72 μg/L ± 102.65 vs. 1235.85 μg/L ± 94.63, P < 0.001). Spearman's correlation analysis showed that umbilical vein serum total osteocalcin levels were closely correlated with leptin (r = -0.456, P = 0.007). A coexpression model of the placental RNA sequence was constructed. Two modules were correlated with osteocalcin, and the Gene ontology pathways of these modules were rich in glucose and lipid metabolism. In conclusion, the placenta may synthesize osteocalcin by itself, and a lower osteocalcin level in umbilical vein serum is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Song
- Department of Obstetrics, The Maternity Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Yiming Huang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Junqing Long
- Department of Obstetrics, The Maternity Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Yuanfan Li
- Department of Obstetrics, The Maternity Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Zongqin Pan
- Department of Obstetrics, The Maternity Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Maternity Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Yu Long
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Nana Qi
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Yajie Guo
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Hongwei Xia
- Department of Obstetrics, The Maternity Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
| | - Yonghua Jiang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mohammad Rahimi GR, Niyazi A, Alaee S. The effect of exercise training on osteocalcin, adipocytokines, and insulin resistance: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:213-224. [PMID: 32803318 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05592-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, it has been reported that osteocalcin (OC), in particular its undercarboxylated (ucOC) form, is not only a bone remodeling marker but also an active hormone that intercedes glucose metabolism in humans. This study aimed to determine the impact of an exercise intervention on ucOC, adiponectin, leptin, and insulin resistance (measured by HOMA-IR). PubMed, CINAHL, Medline, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases and reference lists of included studies were searched. Twenty-two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of exercise training impact in adults were included in the analysis. Results showed an overall significant increase in serum ucOC (MD: 0.15 ng/ml; 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.25) and adiponectin (MD: 2.83 mg/ml; 95% CI: 1.67 to 3.98), a significant decline in leptin (MD: - 4.89 pg/ml; 95% CI: - 6.94 to - 2.84), fasting glucose (MD: - 2.29 mg/dl; 95% CI: - 4.04 to - 0.54), fasting insulin (MD, - 8.90 μIU/ml; 95% CI: - 13.81 to - 3.98), and HOMA-IR (MD: - 1.96; 95% CI: - 3.11 to - 0.80). However, after removal of studies that had prescribed a balanced diet along with exercise intervention, total OC (TOC) levels also increased in the exercise group compared with the control group (MD: 0.36 ng/ml; 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.65). Our findings demonstrate that exercise-induced increases in ucOC are the probable cause of increased adiponectin. Additionally, increases in ucOC itself are probably due to changes in leptin levels and other factors, rather than its direct impact on bone and its osteoblastic activity. Further studies are required to clarify the mechanisms underlying the impact of exercise training on ucOC, adipocytokines, and insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gh R Mohammad Rahimi
- Department of Sports Sciences, Vahdat Institute of Higher Education, Torbat-e-Jam, Iran.
| | | | - S Alaee
- Department of Physical Education, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur Branch, Neyshabur, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The carboxylation status of osteocalcin has important consequences for its structure and dynamics. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1865:129809. [PMID: 33340588 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The carboxylation status of Osteocalcin (Ocn) not only influences formation and structure in bones but also has important endocrine functions affecting energy metabolism and expenditure. In this study, the role of γ-carboxylation of the glutamate residues in the structure-dynamics-function relationship in Ocn is investigated. METHODS Three forms of Ocn, differentially carboxylated at the Glu-17, 21 and 24 residues, along with a mutated form of Ocn carrying Glu/Ala mutations, are modeled and simulated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation in the presence of calcium ions. RESULTS Characterization of the global conformational dynamics of Ocn, described in terms of the orientational variations within its 3-helical domain, highlights large structural variations in the non-carboxylated osteocalcin (nOcn). The bi-carboxylated Ocn (bOcn) and tri-carboxylated (tOcn) species, in contrast, display relatively rigid tertiary structures, with the dynamics of most regions strongly correlated. Radial distribution functions calculated for both bOcn and tOcn show long-range ordering of the calcium ion distribution around the carboxylated glutamate (γGlu) residues, likely playing an important role in promoting stability of these Ocns. Additionally, the same calcium ions are observed to coordinate with neighboring γGlu, better shielding their negative charges and in turn stabilizing these systems more than do the singly coordinating calcium ions observed in the case of nOcn. bOcn is also found to exhibit a more helical C-terminal structure, that has been shown to activate its cellular receptor GPRC6A, highlighting the allosteric role of Ocn carboxylation in modulating the stability and binding potential of the active C-terminal. CONCLUSIONS The carboxylation status of Ocn as well and its calcium coordination appear to have a direct influence on Ocn structure and dynamics, possibly leading to the known differences in Ocn biological function. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Modification of Ocn sequence or its carboxylation state may provide the blueprint for developing high-affinity peptides targeting its cellular receptor GPRC6A, with therapeutic potential for treatment of metabolic disorders.
Collapse
|
8
|
The mediating role of the visceral fat area in the correlation between the serum osteocalcin levels and a prolonged QTc interval. Cytokine 2020; 136:155261. [PMID: 32871360 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Osteocalcin, a bone-derived factor, could be a feasible marker for metabolic disorders and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. This study aimed to explore the correlation between serum osteocalcin levels and correct QT interval (QTc) interval prolongation, a risk factor of cardiac morbidity and mortality. METHODS We recruited 1210 subjects (age range: 26-80 years) in communities in Shanghai. Serum osteocalcin levels were determined using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The QTc interval was measured using a 12-lead electrocardiogram and was calculated by the Bazett formula. A prolonged QTc interval was defined as QTc > 440 ms. Visceral fat area (VFA) was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. A VFA of 80 cm2 was applied as a cut-off point for central obesity. RESULTS Subjects with diabetes, overweight/obesity, or central obesity had significantly lower serum osteocalcin levels than those without (all P < 0.01). In subjects with a normal QTc interval, QTc interval lengthening accompanied decreasing osteocalcin levels (Pfor trend = 0.033), and the decline was more obvious in subjects with a prolonged QTc interval (Pfor trend = 0.022). Serum osteocalcin levels were correlated with the QTc interval (standardized β = -0.082, P = 0.005). Neither diabetes nor overweight/obesity was correlated with the QTc interval, whereas central obesity was positively correlated (P = 0.032). In addition, the correlation between osteocalcin levels and the QTc interval was attenuated when central obesity was included in the model simultaneously (standardized β = -0.075, P = 0.010). Mediation analysis revealed that VFA played a mediating role in the aforementioned correlation, and the estimated percentage of the total effect mediated by VFA was 20.9% (P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS VFA partially mediated the inverse correlation between the serum osteocalcin levels and QTc interval, suggesting that improving fat metabolism may be a mechanism by which osteocalcin protects against cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
|
9
|
Interaction among skeleton, body fat and cardiovascular diseases mediated by osteocalcin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.obmed.2020.100184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
10
|
Analysis of the Relationship between the Levels of Androgens and Biochemical Bone Markers in Men Aged 60-75 Years. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 17:ijerph17010106. [PMID: 31877849 PMCID: PMC6982106 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the parameters of bone turnover and the levels of hormonal parameters, such as total testosterone (TT), bioavailable and free testosterone (FT), and estradiol (E2) in men. Material and methods: The study group included 63 men with testosterone deficiency syndrome (TDS). The control group consisted of 112 patients without TDS. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the levels of osteocalcin (OC), parathyroid hormone (PTH), E2, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), insulin (I), Serum CrossLaps (CtX-I), human procollagen I N-terminal peptide (PINP), and TT. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: The groups with TSD and without TDS differed in terms of the following parameters: body weight (p = 0.001), BMI (p = 0.003), TT (p = 0.001), FT (p = 0.004), bioavailable testosterone (p = 0.001), E2 (p = 0.003), SHBG (p = 0.003), and PINP (p = 0.004). In the group without TDS, higher PINP levels were accompanied by higher levels of E2 (beta = 0.360, p = 0.002) and TT (beta = 0.389, p = 0.001). In the group without TDS, PINP was positively correlated with E2 (beta = 0.726, p <0.001). Patients with TDS had significantly lower PINP levels (p < 0.004). Conclusions: Analysis of sex hormones and biochemical bone markers in reflecting the quality of the bone tissue in men may suggest a relationship between these parameters. Nevertheless, further research based on a larger sample size is necessary to better describe this relationship.
Collapse
|
11
|
Yan C, Huang D, Shen X, Qin N, Jiang K, Zhang D, Zhang Q. Identification and characterization of a polysaccharide from the roots of Morinda officinalis, as an inducer of bone formation by up-regulation of target gene expression. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 133:446-456. [PMID: 30991070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Morinda officinalis is an important traditional tonic herbal medicine. In the present study, we found that crude polysaccharides extracted from M. officinalis, named MO90, could significantly increase the bone mineral density (BMD) of the whole femur, distal femur, and proximal femur in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. In addition, MO90 decreased the level of bone turnover markers and prevented the deterioration of trabecular microarchitecture. To investigate the fractions responsible for anti-osteoporosis activity, one novel inulin-type fructan, MOW90-1, was isolated from MOP90. Structural analysis indicated that MOW90-1 consists of a backbone of (2→1)-linked-β-D-Fruf, and is terminated with (1→)-linked-α-D-Glcp and (2→)-linked-β-D-Fruf. Furthermore, an in vitro anti-osteoporosis assay indicated that MOW90-1 promoted proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells by up-regulating the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2, osterix, osteopontin, and osteocalcin. In conclusion, our studies provide supporting evidence for future use of this novel M. officinalis fructan as a key nutrient of health products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Dong Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xia Shen
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 712046, China
| | - Ningbo Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Keming Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cornejo-Pareja I, Clemente-Postigo M, Tinahones FJ. Metabolic and Endocrine Consequences of Bariatric Surgery. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:626. [PMID: 31608009 PMCID: PMC6761298 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the most serious worldwide epidemics of the twenty-first century according to the World Health Organization. Frequently associated with a number of comorbidities, obesity threatens and compromises individual health and quality of life. Bariatric surgery (BS) has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment to achieve not only sustained weight loss but also significant metabolic improvement that goes beyond mere weight loss. The beneficial effects of BS on metabolic traits are so widely recognized that some authors have proposed BS as metabolic surgery that could be prescribed even for moderate obesity. However, most of the BS procedures imply malabsorption and/or gastric acid reduction which lead to nutrient deficiency and, consequently, further complications could be developed in the long term. In fact, BS not only affects metabolic homeostasis but also has pronounced effects on endocrine systems other than those exclusively involved in metabolic function. The somatotropic, corticotropic, and gonadal axes as well as bone health have also been shown to be affected by the various BS procedures. Accordingly, further consequences and complications of BS in the long term in systems other than metabolic system need to be addressed in large cohorts, taking into account each bariatric procedure before making generalized recommendations for BS. In this review, current data regarding these issues are summarized, paying special attention to the somatotropic, corticotropic, gonadal axes, and bone post-operative health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Cornejo-Pareja
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga—IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Málaga, Spain
| | - Mercedes Clemente-Postigo
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga—IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Málaga, Spain
- *Correspondence: Mercedes Clemente-Postigo
| | - Francisco J. Tinahones
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga—IBIMA, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Málaga, Spain
- Francisco J. Tinahones
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kord-Varkaneh H, Tangestani H, Mansouri S, Rahimi-Foroushani A, Shab-Bidar S. Association of body mass index and waist circumference with osteocalcin and C-terminal telopeptide in Iranian elderly: results from a cross-sectional study. J Bone Miner Metab 2019; 37:179-184. [PMID: 29476244 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-018-0912-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
There is no agreement on the role of obesity as a protection or unfavorable factor on bone. In the present study, the association of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) with osteocalcin, C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX-I), highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), parathormon (PTH) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in elderly people was investigated. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 178 elderly residents in Tehran, with a mean age of 67.04 (60-83). Serum osteocalcin, hs-CRP, 25(OH) D, PTH and urine CTX-I were measured for all participants. Waist circumference, weight and height were measured and BMI was calculated. Linear regression and Pearson correlation were performed to evaluate the relation of BMI and waist circumference with other variables. A significant inverse association was found between BMI with osteocalcin (β = - 0.171, p = 0.027) after control for covariates. In addition, there were a significant relation of BMI and WC with hs-CRP (β = 0.246, p = 0.002 and β = 0.219, p = 0.006, respectively) and PTH (β = 0.1169, p = 0.040 and β = 0.200, p = 0.018), respectively. The present study did not show a significant relation of BMI and WC with urine CTX-I even after adjustment for potential confounders (β = - 0.143, p = 0.065 and β = - 0.104, p = 0.183, respectively). The present study has concluded that obesity is an undesirable factor for bone metabolism by reducing serum osteocalcin and by increasing hs-CRP and PTH which contribute to bone resorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Kord-Varkaneh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), No 44 Hojjat-dost Alley, Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadith Tangestani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), No 44 Hojjat-dost Alley, Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Mansouri
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), No 44 Hojjat-dost Alley, Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Rahimi-Foroushani
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), No 44 Hojjat-dost Alley, Naderi St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zheng LZ, Wang JL, Kong L, Huang L, Tian L, Pang QQ, Wang XL, Qin L. Steroid-associated osteonecrosis animal model in rats. J Orthop Translat 2018; 13:13-24. [PMID: 29662787 PMCID: PMC5892381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Established preclinical disease models are essential for not only studying aetiology and/or pathophysiology of the relevant diseases but more importantly also for testing prevention and/or treatment concept(s). The present study proposed and established a detailed induction and assessment protocol for a unique and cost-effective preclinical steroid-associated osteonecrosis (SAON) in rats with pulsed injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and methylprednisolone (MPS). METHODS Sixteen 24-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to induce SAON by one intravenous injection of LPS (0.2 mg/kg) and three intraperitoneal injections of MPS (100 mg/kg) with a time interval of 24 hour, and then, MPS (40 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected three times a week from week 2 until sacrifice. Additional 12 rats were used as normal controls. Two and six weeks after induction, animals were scanned by metabolic dual energy X-ray absorptiometry for evaluation of tissue composition; serum was collected for bone turnover markers, Microfil perfusion was performed for angiography, the liver was collected for histopathology and bilateral femora and bilateral tibiae were collected for histological examination. RESULTS Three rats died after LPS injection, i.e., with 15.8% (3/19) mortality. Histological evaluation showed 100% incidence of SAON at week 2. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry showed significantly higher fat percent and lower lean mass in SAON group at week 6. Micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) showed significant bone degradation at proximal tibia 6 weeks after SAON induction. Angiography illustrated significantly less blood vessels in the proximal tibia and significantly more leakage particles in the distal tibia 2 weeks after SAON induction. Serum amino-terminal propeptide of type I collagen and osteocalcin were significantly lower at both 2 and 6 weeks after SAON induction, and serum carboxy-terminal telopeptide was significantly lower at 6 weeks after SAON induction. Histomorphometry revealed significantly lower osteoblast surface and higher marrow fat fraction and oedema area in SAON group. Hepatic oedema appeared 2 weeks after SAON induction, and lipid accumulation appeared in the liver of SAON rats 6 weeks after SAON induction. CONCLUSION The present study successfully induced SAON in rats with pulsed injection of LPS and MPS, which was well simulating the clinical feature and pathology. Apart from available large animal models, such as bipedal emus or quadrupedal rabbits, our current SAON small model in rats could be a cost-effective preclinical experimental model to study body metabolism, molecular mechanism of SAON and potential drugs developed for prevention or treatment of SAON. THE TRANSLATIONAL POTENTIAL OF THIS ARTICLE The present study successfully induced SAON in a small animal model in rats with pulsed injection of LPS and MPS. The evaluation protocols with typical histopathologic ON features and advanced evaluation approaches to identify the metabolic disorders of SAON could be used in future rat SAON studies. The SAON rat model is a suitable and cost-effective animal model to study molecular mechanism of SAON and potential drugs developed for prevention and treatment of SAON.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Zhen Zheng
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Jia-Li Wang
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Ling Kong
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Le Huang
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Li Tian
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Qian-Qian Pang
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Xin-Luan Wang
- Translational Medicine R&D Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Ling Qin
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
- Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial and Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
- Translational Medicine R&D Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jürimäe J, Lätt E, Remmel L, Purge P, Tillmann V. Longitudinal changes in bone-testis axis and their associations with insulin resistance in 11- to 12-year-old boys. Bone 2018; 108:115-120. [PMID: 29309847 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Associations between osteocalcin (OCN), an osteoblast-specific hormone, and different markers of energy metabolism and insulin resistance have been reported in adults, but few studies have investigated this in children. The aim of the current study was to investigate serum OCN levels during pubertal development in normal weight (NW) and overweight (OW) boys, and to evaluate possible associations of OCN with body composition, testosterone, insulin resistance and adipocytokine values during puberty. METHODS Ninety 11- to 12-year-old boys were investigated at 12-month intervals over the next 2years. Boys were divided by their BMI into NW (n=60) and OW (n=30) groups. Serum OCN, testosterone, leptin, adiponectin, insulin, HOMA-IR score, and body composition were measured. RESULTS Pubertal development over the 2-year period was similar in both groups. Serum OCN was not different at the beginning of the study and increased similarly in both groups. However, at the end of the study, NW had higher OCN than OW (142.9±5.2 vs. 124.0±7.4ng/ml; p<0.05). OW had higher leptin, insulin and HOMA-IR compared to NW, and these differences remained significant through the 2-year period. Testosterone, insulin and HOMA-IR increased through the study period in both groups. In multiple regression analyses increment in OCN was associated with the increase in testosterone in NW (p<0.001) and OW (p=0.049) boys. Increment in OCN was also associated with the increase in insulin (p=0.019) and HOMA-IR (p=0.012) over the 2-year period in NW boys. CONCLUSION Serum OCN concentration increases in puberty and the increment is positively associated with the rise in testosterone level in both NW and OW boys. The positive association between the rise in OCN and insulin in NW boys would suggest that OCN may have a role in the development of insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaak Jürimäe
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Evelin Lätt
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Liina Remmel
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Priit Purge
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vallo Tillmann
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fan J, Li N, Gong X, He L. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, bone turnover markers and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with hip fractures. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 477:135-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
17
|
Kord-Varkaneh H, Djafarian K, Khorshidi M, Shab-Bidar S. Association between serum osteocalcin and body mass index: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocrine 2017; 58:24-32. [PMID: 28822067 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1384-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Osteocalcin is considered as a bone-derived hormone affecting on the body fat distribution and body mass index. Several cross-sectional studies have investigated the association between serum osteocalcin and body mass index. The aim of this study was to summarize the evidence on the relationship between serum osteocalcin and body mass index. METHODS We conducted a complete search up to November 2016 in PubMed and SCOPUS and reviewed reference list of all relevant articles and reviews. The DerSimonian-Laird method were used to pool effect sizes of eligible studies. The potential sources of heterogeneity were assessed using the standard χ 2 test.To find possible the sources of between-study heterogeneity, we carried out subgroup analyses based on sex, and type of study population. RESULTS There was a significant inverse association in the overall result of this study between serum osteocalcin levels and BMI(r = -0.161; 95% CI: -0.197, -0.124, p < 0.000). In the subgroup analysis to find the sources of significant heterogeneity between-study, we observed that the type of the study population may be the source of between-study heterogeneity and the most correlation was seen in metabolic syndrome studies (r = -0.265; p = 0.000). CONCLUSION Findings from the available data indicated an overall significant inverse association between serum osteocalcin and body mass index. Further studies based on the type of study population are needed to better clarify these associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Kord-Varkaneh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Amir Abad, Keshavarz Boulevard, P. O. Box 14155/6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Khorshidi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Amir Abad, Keshavarz Boulevard, P. O. Box 14155/6117, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Levinger I, Brennan-Speranza TC, Zulli A, Parker L, Lin X, Lewis JR, Yeap BB. Multifaceted interaction of bone, muscle, lifestyle interventions and metabolic and cardiovascular disease: role of osteocalcin. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:2265-2273. [PMID: 28289780 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-3994-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) may play a role in glucose homeostasis and cardiometabolic health. This review examines the epidemiological and interventional evidence associating osteocalcin (OC) and ucOC with metabolic risk and cardiovascular disease. The complexity in assessing such correlations, due to the observational nature of human studies, is discussed. Several studies have reported that higher levels of ucOC and OC are correlated with lower fat mass and HbA1c. In addition, improved measures of glycaemic control via pharmacological and non-pharmacological (e.g. exercise or diet) interventions are often associated with increased circulating levels of OC and/or ucOC. There is also a relationship between lower circulating OC and ucOC and increased measures of vascular calcification and cardiovascular disease. However, not all studies have reported such relationship, some with contradictory findings. Equivocal findings may arise because of the observational nature of the studies and the inability to directly assess the relationship between OC and ucOC on glycaemic control and cardiovascular health in humans. Studying OC and ucOC in humans is further complicated due to numerous confounding factors such as sex differences, menopausal status, vitamin K status, physical activity level, body mass index, insulin sensitivity (normal/insulin resistance/T2DM), tissue-specific effects and renal function among others. Current observational and indirect interventional evidence appears to support a relationship between ucOC with metabolic and cardiovascular disease. There is also emerging evidence to suggest a direct role of ucOC in human metabolism. Further mechanistic studies are required to (a) clarify causality, (b) explore mechanisms involved and
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Levinger
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia.
| | - T C Brennan-Speranza
- Department of Physiology and Bosch Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - A Zulli
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
| | - L Parker
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
| | - X Lin
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
| | - J R Lewis
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - B B Yeap
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liang J, Lian S, Qian X, Wang N, Huang H, Yao J, Tang K, Chen L, Li L, Lin W, Chen H, Li M, Lin L, Lu J, Bi Y, Wang W, Ning G, Wen J, Chen G. Association Between Bone Mineral Density and Pancreatic β-Cell Function in Elderly Men and Postmenopausal Women. J Endocr Soc 2017; 1:1085-1094. [PMID: 29264561 PMCID: PMC5686605 DOI: 10.1210/js.2017-00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To explore the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and β-cell function. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in Fujian, China, from 2011 to 2012. The study included 572 elderly men older than age 60 years and 1558 postmenopausal women aged 45 to 86 years, excluding those with diabetes and insulin resistance. Fasting glucose and insulin concentrations were measured. Pancreatic β-cell function was estimated by using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-β). Calcaneus BMD was measured by using quantitative ultrasonography. Multiple regression analyses were applied to explore the association. Results: Participants with decreased BMD had lower fasting glucose (P < 0.001 in postmenopausal women; P = 0.007 in elderly men) and greater HOMA-β (P = 0.001 in postmenopausal women; P = 0.008 in elderly men) than those with normal BMD, whereas no statistical differences in insulin were seen among categories of BMD. After adjustment for all confounders, HOMA-β was still significantly negatively related to BMD in both groups (all P < 0.001), and remarkable positive relationships were found between BMD and fasting glucose. Furthermore, binary logistic regression presented fully adjusted odds ratios for diabetes in those with osteoporosis vs those with normal BMD: 0.60 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.38 to 0.94] and 0.66 (95% CI, 0.49 to 0.91) in the original selected population of elderly men (n = 1070) and postmenopausal women (n = 2825), respectively. Conclusions: BMD was independently inversely associated with HOMA-β and positively associated with fasting glucose in both elderly men and postmenopausal women, suggesting that bone mass may be a predictor of glucose metabolism. Further research is needed to verify the associations and determine the exact mechanism underlying them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jixing Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Shuimei Lian
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Xiaofang Qian
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Nengying Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Huibin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Jin Yao
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Kaka Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Liantao Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Hongjie Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Meizhi Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Lixiang Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Jieli Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yufang Bi
- Department of Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Guang Ning
- Department of Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Junping Wen
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Academy of Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
De Toni L, Di Nisio A, Rocca MS, De Rocco Ponce M, Ferlin A, Foresta C. Osteocalcin, a bone-derived hormone with important andrological implications. Andrology 2017; 5:664-670. [PMID: 28395130 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence disclosed the existence of a novel multi-organ endocrine pathway, involving bone, pancreas and testis, of high penetrance in energy metabolism and male fertility. The main mediator of this axis is undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC), a bone-derived protein-exerting systemic effects on tissues expressing the metabotropic receptor GPRC6A. The recognized effects of ucOC are the improvement of insulin secretion from the pancreas, the amelioration of systemic insulin sensitivity, in particular in skeletal muscle, and the stimulation of the global endocrine activity of the Leydig cell, including vitamin D 25-hydroxylation and testosterone production. The supporting evidence of this circuit in both animal and human models is here reviewed, with particular emphasis on the role of ucOC on testis function. The possible pharmacological modulation of this hormonal circuit for therapeutic aims is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L De Toni
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - A Di Nisio
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - M S Rocca
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - M De Rocco Ponce
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - A Ferlin
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - C Foresta
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
RAŠKA I, RAŠKOVÁ M, ZIKÁN V, ŠKRHA J. Body Composition is Associated With Bone and Glucose Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Physiol Res 2017; 66:99-111. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with increased fracture risk; the underlying mechanism remains unexplained. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between body composition and bone and glucose metabolism in postmenopausal women with T2DM. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition. A total of 68 postmenopausal women with T2DM and 71 controls were eligible for the study. In contrast to normal BMD in T2DM, a similar prevalence of low-trauma fractures was observed in both groups. T2DM women had significantly higher Trunk fat% and A/G ratio and significantly lower Legs LM% and Legs FM%. Legs LM% was significantly lower in fractured T2DM group and negatively correlated with glycaemia and HbA1c (p<0.01). Serum osteocalcin was significantly lower in T2DM and inversely correlated with FM%, Trunk FM% and A/G ratio (p<0.01) and positively correlated with Legs FM% and total LM% (p<0.05). In conclusion, abdominal obesity and decrease in muscle mass may contribute to low bone formation in T2DM women. Further research is needed to unravel underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and to determine whether maintenance of muscle mass, especially in the lower extremities and/or reduction of central fat mass can prevent fractures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - V. ZIKÁN
- Third Department of Medicine – Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bonnet N. Bone-Derived Factors: A New Gateway to Regulate Glycemia. Calcif Tissue Int 2017; 100:174-183. [PMID: 27832316 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-016-0210-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and osteoporosis are two major disorders which prevalence increases with aging and is predicted to worsen in the coming years. Preclinical investigations suggest common mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of both disorders. Recent evidence has established that there is a clear link between glucose and bone metabolism. The emergence of bone as an endocrine regulator through FGF23 and osteocalcin has led to the re-evaluation of the role of bone cells and bone-derived factors in the development of metabolic diseases such as T2DM. The development of bone morphogenetic proteins, fibroblast growth factor 23, and osteoprotegerin-deficient mice has allowed to elucidate their role in bone homeostasis, as well as revealed their potential important function in glucose homeostasis. This review proposes emerging perspectives for several bone-derived factors that may regulate glycemia through the activation or inhibition of bone remodeling or directly by regulating function of key organs such as pancreatic beta cell proliferation, insulin expression and secretion, storage and release of glucose from the liver, skeletal muscle contraction, and browning of the adipose tissue. Connections between organs including bone-derived factors should further be explored to understand the pathophysiology of glucose metabolism and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Bonnet
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, 64 Av de la Roseraie, 1205, Geneva 14, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Di Nisio A, Rocca MS, Fadini GP, De Toni L, Marcuzzo G, Marescotti MC, Sanna M, Plebani M, Vettor R, Avogaro A, Foresta C. The rs2274911 polymorphism in GPRC6A gene is associated with insulin resistance in normal weight and obese subjects. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2017; 86:185-191. [PMID: 27696500 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identification of the novel endocrine role of osteocalcin (OC) and its receptor GPRC6A has given rise to a new branch of research in OC/GPRC6A axis related to glucose metabolism. GPRC6A- and OC-deficient mice share features of the metabolic syndrome, in addition to male infertility. Recently, the polymorphism rs2274911 in GPRC6A was shown to be associated with testicular impairment. We aimed to investigate the role of rs2274911 polymorphism in glucose and lipid metabolism in a cohort of normal weight and obese subjects DESIGN, PATIENTS, SETTINGS: A total of 392 male and females, including 218 obese patients and 174 age-matched normal weight controls, were retrospectively selected. RESULTS The distribution of rs2274911 alleles and genotypes did not differ either between normal weight and obese subjects or sexes (all P > 0·05). Age- and OC-adjusted multivariate analysis revealed that, in the normal weight group, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR increased in GA (P = 0·016 and P = 0·025) and AA genotypes (P = 0·033 and P = 0·040) compared with GG homozygotes. In the obese group, AA homozygotes had increased fasting glucose (P = 0·041 vs GG). Triglycerides, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR increased in both GA (P = 0·020, P < 0·001 and P = 0·001) and AA genotype (P = 0·021, P = 0·013 and P = 0·013). CONCLUSION In a cohort of normal weight and obese subjects, we found that the nonrare polymorphism rs2274911 in the GPRC6A gene was associated with insulin resistance features, independently of the metabolic phenotype and OC levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Di Nisio
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Santa Rocca
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Fadini
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca De Toni
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Marcuzzo
- Department of Cardiologic, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Service of Preventive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Marta Sanna
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Plebani
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Vettor
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Angelo Avogaro
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Carlo Foresta
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Qiu X, Gui Y, Xu Y, Li D, Wang L. DHEA promotes osteoblast differentiation by regulating the expression of osteoblast-related genes and Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. Biosci Trends 2016; 9:307-14. [PMID: 26559023 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2015.01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have reported that dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) promotes osteoblast proliferation and inhibits osteoblast apoptosis and that DHEA inhibits osteoclast maturation. However, whether DHEA regulates osteoblast differentiation remains unclear. The present study first examined the effect of DHEA on bone morphology in vivo. DHEA was found to increase bone volume (BV), bone mineral density (BMD), and the number of trabeculae in bone (Th.N) and it was found to decrease trabecular spacing in bone (Th.sp) in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Next, the effect of DHEA on osteoblast differentiation was examined in vitro and osteoblastogenesis-related marker genes, such as Runx2, Osterix, Collagen1, and Osteocalcin, were also detected. DHEA increased osteoblast production in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cultured in osteoblastogenic medium, and DHEA increased the expression of Runx2 and osterix, thereby increasing the expression of osteocalcin and collagen1. Immune cells and bone interact, so changes in immune cells were detected in vivo. DHEA increased the number of Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the spleen but it did not affect CTLA-4 or IL-10. When MSCs were treated with DHEA in the presence of Tregs, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity increased. Osteoblasts and adipocytes are both generated by MSCs. If osteoblast differentiation increases, adipocyte differentiation will decrease, and the reverse also holds true. DHEA was found to increase the number of adipocytes in osteoblastogenic medium but it had no effect on the number of adipocytes and expression of PPARγ mRNA in adipogenic medium. This finding suggests that osteoblasts may be involved in adipocyte production. In conclusion, the current results suggest that DHEA can improve postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) by up-regulating osteoblast differentiation via the up-regulation of the expression of osteoblastogenesis-related genes and via an increase in Foxp3(+) Tregs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Qiu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Schwetz V, Lerchbaum E, Schweighofer N, Hacker N, Trummer O, Borel O, Pieber TR, Chapurlat R, Obermayer-Pietsch B. Osteocalcin levels on oral glucose load in women being investigated for polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocr Pract 2016; 20:5-14. [PMID: 24013985 DOI: 10.4158/ep13110.or] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteocalcin (OC) might play a hormone-like role in energy metabolism and the regulatory circuit between the pancreas and osteoblasts. Effects of a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) on total OC, undercarboxylated (ucOC), and carboxylated osteocalcin (cOC) in insulin-resistant (IR) and noninsulin-resistant (nIR) premenopausal women was evaluated, and the relationships of changes in OC, ucOC, and cOC with area under the curve (AUC) insulin and the Matsuda index were examined. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 105 premenopausal women underwent OGTT; 18 were IR (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR] > 2.6; (2 with type 2 diabetes, 2 with impaired glucose tolerance), and 87 were nIR (3 with impaired glucose tolerance). Changes in total OC, ucOC, and cOC were evaluated 60 and 120 minutes after glucose loading. RESULTS At baseline, IR subjects had significantly lower levels of total OC, cOC, and ucOC. In nIR women, total OC decreased by 19% from 18.0 ng/mL (14.5-24.7) at baseline to 14.6 ng/mL (10.9-17.8) after 120 minutes, ucOC decreased by 22% from 3.2 ng/mL (2.1-4.5) to 2.5 ng/mL (1.7-3.5), and cOC decreased by 26% from 14.9 ng/mL (12.1-20.4) to 11.1 ng/mL (9.0-14.5) (P < .001, respectively). No significant decreases were noted in IR subjects. The declines in OC and cOC predicted AUCinsulin (ΔOC: β = 0.301, P = .001; ΔcOC: β = 0.315, P < .001) and the Matsuda index (ΔOC: β = -0.235, P = .003; ΔcOC: β = -0.245, P = .002). CONCLUSIONS Glucose intake lowers levels of OC, ucOC, and cOC in nIR women, the extent of which predicts IR and insulin sensitivity in premenopausal women. OC parameters seem suppressed in IR women. There might be a differential osteoblast response to oral glucose in IR and nIR women, with OC reflecting this finding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Schwetz
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Lerchbaum
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Natascha Schweighofer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nicole Hacker
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Olivia Trummer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Olivier Borel
- Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR 1033, France
| | - Thomas R Pieber
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Chapurlat
- Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR 1033, France
| | - Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li J, Zhang H, Yang C, Li Y, Dai Z. An overview of osteocalcin progress. J Bone Miner Metab 2016; 34:367-79. [PMID: 26747614 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-015-0734-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An increasing amount of data indicate that osteocalcin is an endocrine hormone which regulates energy metabolism, male fertility and brain development. However, the detailed functions and mechanism of osteocalcin are not well understood and conflicting results have been obtained from researchers worldwide. In the present review, we summarize the progress of osteocalcin studies over the past 40 years, focusing on the structure of carboxylated and undercarboxylated osteocalcin, new functions and putative receptors, the role of osteocalcin in bone remodeling, specific expression and regulation in osteoblasts, and new indices for clinical studies. The complexity of osteocalcin in completely, uncompletely and non-carboxylated forms may account for the discrepancies in its tertiary structure and clinical results. Moreover, the extensive expression of osteocalcin and its putative receptor GPRC6A imply that there are new physiological functions and mechanisms of action of osteocalcin to be explored. New discoveries related to osteocalcin function will assist its potential clinical application and physiological theory, but comprehensive investigations are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiao Li
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, P.O.Box 1053-23#, No. 26, Beijing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, P.O.Box 1053-23#, No. 26, Beijing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Chao Yang
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, P.O.Box 1053-23#, No. 26, Beijing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, P.O.Box 1053-23#, No. 26, Beijing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Zhongquan Dai
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, State Key Lab of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, P.O.Box 1053-23#, No. 26, Beijing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100094, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tubic B, Magnusson P, Mårild S, Leu M, Schwetz V, Sioen I, Herrmann D, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Lissner L, Swolin-Eide D. Different osteocalcin forms, markers of metabolic syndrome and anthropometric measures in children within the IDEFICS cohort. Bone 2016; 84:230-236. [PMID: 26772621 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteocalcin (OC), an aboundant non-collagenous bone protein, is inversely associated with parameters of glucose metabolism. Interactions between bone tissue and energy metabolism have not been thoroughly investigated during childhood. This study investigated OC, metabolic parameters and anthropometric characteristics in normal weight and overweight/obese children. METHODS This study comprised 108 (46 normal weight/62 overweight/obese) Swedish 2-9year old children. Anthropometric data, insulin, glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), HOMA index, vitamin D, adiponectin, total OC, carboxylated OC (cOC) and undercarboxylated OC (ucOC) were analysed. RESULTS No difference was found for total OC between the normal and overweight/obese groups, with a mean (±SD) value of 82.6 (±2.8) ng/mL and 77.0 (±2.4) ng/mL, (P=0.11), respectively. Overweight children had lower cOC levels, mean 69.1 (±2.2) ng/mL, vs. normal weight children, mean 75.6 (±2.5) ng/mL (P=0.03). The mean ucOC levels of 7.9 (±0.4) ng/mL in overweight children did not differ vs. normal weight children, mean level 7.0 (±0.4) ng/mL, (P=0.067). None of the three OC forms correlated with any of the measured parameters. CONCLUSIONS The cOC levels were lower in overweight children. There was no correlation between the three OC forms and any of the measured anthropometric or metabolic parameters. OC has been suggested to have a possible metabolic role, but in general the current study in prepubertal children does not support the hypothesis of an association between OC and a positive metabolic profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bojan Tubic
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-416 85 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Per Magnusson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Staffan Mårild
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-416 85 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Monica Leu
- Section for Epidemiology and Social Medicine (EPSO), Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Box 454, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Verena Schwetz
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, A-8036, Graz, Austria.
| | - Isabelle Sioen
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Gent, Belgium; Research Foundation, Flanders, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Diana Herrmann
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology, BIPS, Achterstr. 30, DE-28359, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, A-8036, Graz, Austria.
| | - Lauren Lissner
- Section for Epidemiology and Social Medicine (EPSO), Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Box 454, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Diana Swolin-Eide
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-416 85 Göteborg, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zong S, Zeng G, Fang Y, Peng J, Zou B, Gao T, Zhao J. The effects of α-zearalanol on the proliferation of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their differentiation into osteoblasts. J Bone Miner Metab 2016; 34:151-60. [PMID: 25944420 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-015-0659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the effects of α-zearalanol (α-ZAL) on the proliferation of mouse bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and their differentiation into osteoblasts. Six- to eight-week-old BALB/C mice were used either as recipients or as bone marrow donors. BMSCs were isolated and collected using a differential adhesion method, with use of 10 % fetal bovine serum and Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium. After the third generation, the BMSCs were randomly placed into the following subgroups: a control group, an osteogenic medium (OM) group, a 17β-estradiol group, an α-ZAL 10(-7) mol/L group, an α-ZAL 10(-6) mol/L group, and an α-ZAL 10(-5) mol/L group. Flow cytometry was used to identify the BMSCs collected from the bone marrow. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide test was performed, and markers of the osteoblasts were measured in the different subgroups. In addition, expression of osteoprotegerin and expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand were examined using Western blot. In contrast to the control and OM groups, BMSCs in the α-ZAL groups exhibited long fusiform shapes, and contact inhibition was observed when the cells were closely packed. After induction, the BMSCs grew well and exhibited triangular, star, polygonal, or irregular shapes. Clumps and multiple cells were evident. The trends of the proliferation and differentiation for the control, OM, 17β-estradiol, and α-ZAL groups were similar. Compared with the control and OM groups, in the α-ZAL groups the expression levels of alkaline phosphatase, procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide, bone morphogenetic protein 2, and osteocalcin were significantly increased (p < 0.05). In addition, α-ZAL inhibited osteoclastogenesis by increasing the expression of osteoprotegerin and decreasing the expression of nuclear factor κB ligand. In conclusion, α-ZAL can increase the proliferation of BMSCs and their differentiation into osteoblasts and can effectively suppress osteoclastogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui Zong
- Department of Spine Osteopathia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaofeng Zeng
- College of Public Hygiene, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Fang
- Graduate School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinzhen Peng
- Graduate School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zou
- Graduate School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Taihang Gao
- Graduate School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingmin Zhao
- Department of Osteopathia, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Serum Osteocalcin Is Associated with Inflammatory Factors in Metabolic Syndrome: A Population-Based Study in Chinese Males. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:683739. [PMID: 26578821 PMCID: PMC4633571 DOI: 10.1155/2015/683739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteocalcin (OCN) was potentially associated with inflammatory factors, so we explored the metabolic role in this association in general population. Our findings suggest that OCN was positively associated with IgG while inversely associated with C3, both of which were probably mediated by obesity. Moreover, serum OCN was inversely associated with hsCRP in men with impaired fasting glucose, hyperglycemia, or metabolic syndrome, while its association with IgE was significantly observed in men with a normal metabolic profile.
Collapse
|
30
|
Chahla SE, Frohnert BI, Thomas W, Kelly AS, Nathan BM, Polgreen LE. Higher daily physical activity is associated with higher osteocalcin levels in adolescents. Prev Med Rep 2015; 2:568-571. [PMID: 26236583 PMCID: PMC4517293 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise stimulates bone remodeling and improves insulin sensitivity (Si), even without associated weight loss. Osteocalcin (OCN), a bone-derived protein, is associated with improved Si. PURPOSE We examined how daily physical activity is associated with OCN and Si. METHODS Physical activity was measured through questionnaires completed in Minneapolis from 2010-2012. A physical activity score (PAQsum) was calculated to quantify physical activity (range 1-5). OCN and bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) were measured by ELISA. Si was measured by the insulin modified frequently sampled IV glucose tolerance test. RESULTS The mean PAQsum value was 2.4±0.8 in 47 participants (12-17.9 years old). PAQsum was positively associated with OCN (p= 0.006). Participants with PAQsum<2 had significantly lower OCN levels compared to participants with PAQsum>2 (p<0.02). Obesity did not modify the association between PAQsum and OCN. There was no statistically significant association between PAQsum and Si or between OCN and Si, even after adjustment for percent body fat. CONCLUSIONS OCN is higher in more physically active individuals. More research is needed to clarify the relationship between OCN, physical activity and Si.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saydi E. Chahla
- University of Minnesota, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, 2450 Riverside Dr, East Bldg., MB 677, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Brigitte I. Frohnert
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado, 1775 Aurora Court, Rm 1306, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - William Thomas
- University of Minnesota, Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Biostatistics, MMC 303, 420 Delaware Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Aaron S. Kelly
- University of Minnesota, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, MMC 715, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- University of Minnesota, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, MMC 715, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Brandon M. Nathan
- University of Minnesota, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, 2450 Riverside Dr, East Bldg., MB 677, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Lynda E. Polgreen
- Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Torrance, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
El-Eshmawy M, Abdel Aal I. Relationships between preptin and osteocalcin in obese, overweight, and normal weight adults. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2015; 40:218-22. [PMID: 25675353 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Preptin is an endocrine peptide secreted from pancreatic β cells; it acts as a physiological amplifier of glucose-mediated insulin secretion. Osteocalcin, secreted by osteoblasts, is also involved in the regulation of body energy in that it modulates fat and glucose metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate circulating preptin and osteocalcin levels and the possible association between them in obese and overweight adults. A total of 100 obese-overweight adults and 50 healthy controls matched for age and sex were enrolled in this study. Anthropometric measurements were taken and fasting glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipid profile, preptin, and osteocalcin were assessed. Preptin was significantly higher in obese and overweight subjects than in controls, whereas osteocalcin was significantly lower. In multiple regression analysis, preptin was independently influenced by waist circumference (WC) (β = 3.75, P = 0.03), fasting insulin (β = 4.77, P = 0.01), HOMA-IR (β = 8.21, P = 0.003), and osteocalcin (β = -28.41, P = 0.04). Osteocalcin was independently influenced by body mass index (β = -1.46, P = 0.05), WC (β = -2.04, P = 0.03), fasting insulin (β = -2.69, P = 0.02), HOMA-IR (β = -0.19, P = 0.006), and triglyceride (β = -4.54, P = 0.001). In conclusion, elevated serum preptin and decreased osteocalcin concentrations, together with insulin resistance, are associated with obesity and overweight. Serum preptin is also independently associated with osteocalcin, which may explain, at least in part, the crosstalk between bone and the β cells of the pancreas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mervat El-Eshmawy
- Internal Medicine Department, Mansoura Specialized Medical Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rodríguez-Carballo E, Gámez B, Méndez-Lucas A, Sánchez-Freutrie M, Zorzano A, Bartrons R, Alcántara S, Perales JC, Ventura F. p38α function in osteoblasts influences adipose tissue homeostasis. FASEB J 2014; 29:1414-25. [PMID: 25550462 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-261891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The skeleton acts as an endocrine organ that regulates energy metabolism and calcium and phosphorous homeostasis through the secretion of osteocalcin (Oc) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). However, evidence suggests that osteoblasts secrete additional unknown factors that contribute to the endocrine function of bone. To search for these additional factors, we generated mice with a conditional osteoblast-specific deletion of p38α MAPK known to display profound defects in bone homeostasis. Herein, we show that impaired osteoblast function is associated with a strong decrease in body weight and adiposity (P < 0.01). The differences in adiposity were not associated with diminished caloric intake, but rather reflected 20% increased energy expenditure and the up-regulation of uncoupling protein-1 (Ucp1) in white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) (P < 0.05). These alterations in lipid metabolism and energy expenditure were correlated with a decrease in the blood levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY) (40% lower) rather than changes in the serum levels of insulin, Oc, or FGF23. Among all Npy-expressing tissues, only bone and primary osteoblasts showed a decline in Npy expression (P < 0.01). Moreover, the intraperitoneal administration of recombinant NPY partially restored the WAT weight and adipocyte size of p38α-deficient mice (P < 0.05). Altogether, these results further suggest that, in addition to Oc, other bone-derived signals affect WAT and energy expenditure contributing to the regulation of energy metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo Rodríguez-Carballo
- *Departamente de Ciències Fisiològiques II and and Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gámez
- *Departamente de Ciències Fisiològiques II and and Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Méndez-Lucas
- *Departamente de Ciències Fisiològiques II and and Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela Sánchez-Freutrie
- *Departamente de Ciències Fisiològiques II and and Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- *Departamente de Ciències Fisiològiques II and and Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramon Bartrons
- *Departamente de Ciències Fisiològiques II and and Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Soledad Alcántara
- *Departamente de Ciències Fisiològiques II and and Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Carlos Perales
- *Departamente de Ciències Fisiològiques II and and Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Ventura
- *Departamente de Ciències Fisiològiques II and and Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
There are well-established associations between diabetes and fracture risk and yet the mechanism underlying these associations are controversial. Guided by a series of mouse studies, a specific form of the bone protein, osteocalcin, was proposed to be the mechanistic link between these two chronic diseases. Translation to humans initially appeared elusive in part because serum concentrations of osteocalcin are a biomarker of bone turnover and not necessarily specific to the biology of this protein. The suitability of the mouse model for the study of osteocalcin as a therapeutic target also appears ambiguous. With greater discrimination of the different forms of osteocalcin present in circulation and inclusion of multiple measures of bone turnover, evidence currently does not support osteocalcin as a protein critical to the diabetes and fracture association in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Booth
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
De Toni L, De Filippis V, Tescari S, Ferigo M, Ferlin A, Scattolini V, Avogaro A, Vettor R, Foresta C. Uncarboxylated osteocalcin stimulates 25-hydroxy vitamin D production in Leydig cell line through a GPRC6a-dependent pathway. Endocrinology 2014; 155:4266-74. [PMID: 25093461 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies disclosed a cross talk between testis and bone. By the action of LH, Leydig cells are able to modulate bone metabolism through testosterone and insulin-like factor 3. Moreover, LH modulates the Leydig expression of CYP2R1, the key enzyme involved in vitamin D (Vit D) 25-hydroxylation. However, pathways regulating CYP2R1 expression have been poorly investigated. The cross talk from the bone to the testis of the vitamin D 25-hydroxylase CYP2R1 involves osteocalcin (OC), which is produced by the osteoblasts and stimulates the production of testosterone by the Leydig cells through its putative receptor GPRC6A, a cation-sensing G-protein-coupled receptor. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible action of OC on CYP2R1 expression and 25-hydroxy Vit D (25-OH Vit D) production in a mouse Leydig cell line (MA-10). After confirmation of the expression of GPRC6A by MA-10, we found that stimulation with either human chorionic gonadotropin or uncarboxylated-OC (ucOC) increases CYP2R1 protein expression in a dose-dependent manner and, in turn, increases the release of 25-OH Vit D in culture medium. This effect was abolished by receptor blockade with, respectively, anti-LH receptor and anti-GPRC6A antibodies. Moreover, both agonists converged to phosphorylation of Erk1/2 by a likely differential action on second messengers. Human chorionic gonadotropin induced slow "tonic" increase of intercellular calcium and accumulation of cAMP, whereas ucOC mainly induced phasic increase of cell calcium. Supporting these findings, we found that serum ucOC positively correlated with 25-OH Vit D levels in 40 overweight male patients and 21 controls. Altogether, our results suggest that OC contributes with LH to 25-OH Vit D production by Leydig cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca De Toni
- Department of Medicine (L.D.T., A.F., C.F.), Centre for Human Reproduction Pathology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; Laboratory of Protein Chemistry (V.D.F., S.T.), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; Department of Medicine (V.S., A.A.), Section of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University of Padova, 35120 Padova, Italy; and Department of Molecular Medicine (M.F.) and Internal Medicine 3 (R.V.), Endocrine-Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chen X, Wu Y, Liu L, Tian H, Yu X. Osteocalcin is inversely associated with glucose levels in middle-aged Tibetan men with different degrees of glucose tolerance. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2014; 30:476-82. [PMID: 24339141 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on the characteristics and mechanisms of diabetes in Tibetans is scant. Especially, there is no study on the relationship between osteocalcin and glucose metabolism. The objective of this study was to investigate the associations of serum total osteocalcin (tOC) and undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) with glucose and lipid metabolism in Chinese indigenous Tibetans with different degrees of glucose tolerance. METHODS In this study, 160 middle-aged Tibetan men were involved, including 46 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 52 subjects with impaired glucose regulation (IGR) and 62 subjects with type 2 diabetes. The homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) parameters, including HOMA-IR and HOMA-B, were used to estimate insulin resistance and β-cell function, respectively. Adiponectin, leptin, testosterone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, tOC and ucOC were measured using ELISA kits. RESULTS After adjustment for age and body mass index, plasma tOC level was correlated negatively with fasting and 30-min post-OGTT glucose, HOMA-IR, leptin and testosterone; plasma ucOC level was correlated negatively with 30-min post-OGTT glucose, total cholesterol and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D; ucOC : tOC was correlated positively with leptin. The negative association between HOMA-IR and tOC remained significant after correcting for adiponectin; however, the association disappeared after correcting for leptin. HOMA-IR was correlated negatively with age, adiponectin and tOC, and positively with total cholesterol, triglyceride and leptin. Stepwise linear regression analysis revealed that total cholesterol, leptin and adiponectin were independent predictors for HOMA-IR in all subjects. CONCLUSIONS Our data support a link between osteocalcin and glucose metabolism in middle-aged Tibetan men. The improved glucose tolerance exerted by tOC may be related to improved insulin sensitivity rather than improved β-cell function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Chen
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Mouse adipose tissue-derived adult stem cells expressed osteogenic specific transcripts of osteocalcin and parathyroid hormone receptor during osteogenesis. Transplant Proc 2014; 45:3102-7. [PMID: 24157044 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have potential to differentiate into various lineages, replacing cells during normal turnover and tissue regeneration to replace damaged or lost adult tissues during osteoporosis and arthritis, or traumatic injuries. We investigated the osteogenic signature in mouse adipose tissue (AD)- and bone marrow (BM)-derived MSCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS MSCs from adipose tissue and bone marrow were compared for osteogenic endogenous mRNA markers by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Cellular proliferation and immunophenotype analyzed by flow cytometry revealed that mouse AD-MSCs and BM-MSCs shared similar characteristics. RESULT Isolated AD-MSC and BM-MSC showed high proliferation rates and fibroblast morphology. Flow cytometry revealed positive markers for mesenchyme, but negative for primitive hematopoietic and endothelial cells. At day 21, Alizarin red S and Von-kossa staining of differentiated cells showed high calcium deposits compared with undifferentiated cells. After 21 days of osteogenic differentiation, AD-MSCs expressed osteocalcin and parathyroid hormone (PTH) compared with undifferentiated cells. Osteogenic-specific transcript of osteocalcin (OC), bone gamma carboxyglutamate protein, and PTH receptor (PTHr) were detected only in differentiated not undifferentiated cells. Undifferentiated BM-MSCs, expressed all markers at low intensity, which amplified during differentiation. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the OC and PTHr can be used as differentiation markers for osteogenesis of mouse AD-MSC.
Collapse
|
37
|
Hill HS, Grams J, Walton RG, Liu J, Moellering DR, Garvey WT. Carboxylated and uncarboxylated forms of osteocalcin directly modulate the glucose transport system and inflammation in adipocytes. Horm Metab Res 2014; 46:341-7. [PMID: 24554534 PMCID: PMC5349189 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1368709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteocalcin is secreted by osteoblasts and improves insulin sensitivity in vivo, although mechanisms remain unclear. We tested the hypothesis that osteocalcin directly modulates cell biology in insulin-targeted peripheral tissues. In L-6 myocytes, osteocalcin stimulated glucose transport both in the absence (basal) and presence of insulin. Similarly, in primary cultured adipocytes, both carboxylated and uncarboxylated osteocalcin increased basal and insulin-stimulated glucose transport as well as insulin sensitivity. Osteocalcin also increased basal and insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation, though there was no effect on fatty acid synthesis or lipolysis. In primary-cultured adipocytes, both forms of osteocalcin suppressed secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha into the media; however, only carboxylated osteocalcin suppressed interleukin 6 release, and neither form of osteocalcin modulated monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 secretion. Both carboxylated and uncarboxylated osteocalcin increased secretion of adiponectin and the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10. In conclusion, both carboxylated and uncarboxylated osteocalcin directly increase glucose transport in adipocytes and muscle cells, while suppressing proinflammatory cytokine secretion and stimulating interleukin 10 and adiponectin release. Thus, these results provide a mechanism for the insulin-sensitizing effects of osteocalcin and help elucidate the role that bone plays in regulating systemic metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H. S. Hill
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - J. Grams
- Department of Surgery, Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - R. G. Walton
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - J. Liu
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - D. R. Moellering
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - W. T. Garvey
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Poomthavorn P, Nantarakchaikul P, Mahachoklertwattana P, Chailurkit LO, Khlairit P. Effects of correction of vitamin D insufficiency on serum osteocalcin and glucose metabolism in obese children. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2014; 80:516-23. [PMID: 24107003 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Osteocalcin (OCN) and vitamin D insufficiency (VDI) have been shown to be associated with abnormal glucose metabolism (GluMet). Whether correction of VDI affects serum OCN is unknown. This study evaluated the effects of correction of VDI on OCN and GluMet, and determined the associations of OCN with 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) and GluMet. DESIGN, PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS This study involved 230 obese children in a cross-sectional part and 72 participants in a prospective part in which children with VDI were treated with vitamin D2 at a dose of 20 000 IU daily for 28 days. All 230 children underwent an oral glucose tolerance test and had their serum total and undercarboxylated OCNs and 25-OHD measured. Forty of 72 children were reassessed for the GluMet and serum total and undercarboxylated OCNs and 25-OHD after the vitamin D2 treatment. RESULTS In the prospective part, correction of VDI by raising mean (SD) 25-OHD of 51·5 (12·3) to 141·8 (40·8) nmol/l resulted in an improvement of their GluMet and increase in their whole-body insulin sensitivity index with no changes in their OCN measures. In the cross-sectional part, after adjustments for age, sex and puberty, the total (β = 0·322) and undercarboxylated OCNs (β = 0·315) were positively associated with insulinogenic index, which is an index of insulin secretion (P = 0·034 and 0·037, respectively) in the group of prediabetic and diabetic children. CONCLUSIONS Correction of VDI increased insulin sensitivity and improved GluMet, but had no effect on serum OCN measures. OCN was associated with increased insulin secretion in children with abnormal GluMet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Preamrudee Poomthavorn
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bone and fat mass in relation to postnatal levels of insulin-like growth factors in prematurely born children at 4 y of age. Pediatr Res 2014; 75:544-50. [PMID: 24441105 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2014.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children born prematurely may be at risk of developing osteopenia. This study investigated whether insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) in the early postnatal period influence bone mass and body composition in prematurely born children. METHODS A total of 74 control (gestational age >36 wk; n = 37) and preterm (gestational age <32 wk; n = 37) infants were investigated (mean age ± SD: 4.59 ± 0.31 y). Bone mineral density, body composition, and markers of bone and mineral metabolism were investigated in relation to postnatal IGF levels. RESULTS After adjusting for confounders, we found no differences in bone mass, but significantly less lean mass, increased fat mass, and increased osteocalcin levels in ex-preterm infants. Forward stepwise multiple analysis revealed that higher late postnatal IGF-II levels predict lumbar spine bone mineral content (P < 0.05) and lean mass (P < 0.05). When the birth weight standard deviation score was included in the analysis, higher early postnatal IGF-I levels predicted both lumbar spine bone mineral density and bone mineral content (P < 0.05). Higher early postnatal IGF binding protein-3 (P < 0.01) predicted increased fat mass at 4-y follow-up. CONCLUSION Ex-preterm children have normal bone mass but different body composition compared with full-term controls. Higher early IGF-I and late postnatal IGF-II concentrations are positive predictors of lumbar spine bone mass.
Collapse
|
40
|
Crujeiras AB, Pardo M, Arturo RR, Navas-Carretero S, Zulet MA, Martínez JA, Casanueva FF. Longitudinal variation of circulating irisin after an energy restriction-induced weight loss and following weight regain in obese men and women. Am J Hum Biol 2013; 26:198-207. [PMID: 24375850 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The recently discovered peptide irisin has been hypothesized to be a regulator of body metabolism. The objective of this work was to evaluate whether circulating human irisin levels are modulated by body size and changes in adiposity during an energy restriction treatment and the subsequent weight regain. METHODS A group of 94 obese patients (50 men, 44 women; 49.4 ± 9.4 years; BMI 35.6 ± 4.5 kg/m(2) ) participated in a weight loss program following an 8-week hypocaloric diet (-30% energy expenditure) with a weight maintenance follow-up. The patients were evaluated at 0, 8, and 24 weeks after starting treatment. In addition, 48 normal-weight subjects (16 men, 32 women; 35.71 ± 8.8 years; BMI 22.9 ± 2.2 kg/m(2) ) participated as controls. Plasma irisin, body weight, body composition, and hormones controlling energy homeostasis were measured. RESULTS Irisin levels were higher in obese subjects (353.1 ± 18.6 ng/mL) than in those of normal-weight (198.4 ± 7.8 ng/mL; P ≤ 0.001) and were also higher in men (340.9 ± 20 ng/mL) than in women (267.6 ± 12 ng/mL; P < 0.05). Moreover, irisin plasma levels were significantly correlated with high levels of direct and indirect adiposity markers, such as weight, BMI, waist circumference, and fat mass, as measured by bioimpedance, but not with height or leptin levels. Interestingly, irisin levels paralleled body weight reduction after the dietary treatment (week 8) and again returned to the baseline levels at 24 weeks in those patients regaining the lost weight. CONCLUSIONS Irisin strongly reflects body fat mass, suggesting that the irisin circulating levels are conditioned by adiposity level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Crujeiras
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS) and Santiago de Compostela University (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Prévost G, Eas F, Kuhn JM. [Plasma testosterone, obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes]. Presse Med 2013; 43:186-95. [PMID: 24268958 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2013.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The frequency of diabetes and/or metabolic syndrome rises concurrently with that of body mass index (BMI). In adult men, plasma testosterone level changes evolve inversely to that of BMI. Plasma total testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and free testosterone are significantly lower in adult men with a clinical and biological pattern of metabolic syndrome (MetS) than in those without such a pattern. After adjustment for confounding factors, diabetes type 2 (DT2) remains associated with a significant decrease of plasma testosterone level. The androgenic blockade, used as a treatment for disseminated prostate cancer, induces a metabolic pattern similar to MetS. In men older than 65 years, a decrease of plasma testosterone level is associated with an increased risk of stroke or of death linked to a cardiovascular event. After exclusion of contraindications, the substitution with androgens of a demonstrated hypogonadism in a obese patient, notably when obesity is associated with a pattern of MetS and/or a DT2, could have some metabolic and cardiovascular advantages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaëtan Prévost
- CHU de Rouen, hôpital Bois-Guillaume, service d'endocrinologie, diabète et maladies métaboliques, 76230 Bois-Guillaume, France.
| | - Florence Eas
- CHU de Rouen, hôpital Bois-Guillaume, service d'endocrinologie, diabète et maladies métaboliques, 76230 Bois-Guillaume, France
| | - Jean-Marc Kuhn
- CHU de Rouen, hôpital Bois-Guillaume, service d'endocrinologie, diabète et maladies métaboliques, 76230 Bois-Guillaume, France
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Maser RE, James Lenhard M, Balagopal P(B, Kolm P, Peters MB. Effects of surgically induced weight loss by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on osteocalcin. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2013; 9:950-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
43
|
Schmitt A, Ehnert S, Ungefroren H, Döbele S, Nussler A. Response to the “Enhancement of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Transplantation-Mediated Bone Formation” by Yang et al. Cell Transplant 2013; 22:1955-7. [DOI: 10.3727/096368912x663514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schmitt
- Department of Sports Orthopedics, Klinikum rechts der Isar of the TU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Traumatology, Klinikum rechts der Isar of the TU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabrina Ehnert
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, BG Trauma Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Ungefroren
- First Department of Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Stefan Döbele
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, BG Trauma Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Nussler
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, BG Trauma Center, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Strapazzon G, Garolla A, Carraro U, Foresta C. Osteocalcin and its association with testosterone in patients with metabolic diseases. Osteoporos Int 2013; 24:2539-40. [PMID: 23052935 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-012-2150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
45
|
Jung CH, Lee WJ, Hwang JY, Lee MJ, Seol SM, Kim YM, Lee YL, Park JY. The preventive effect of uncarboxylated osteocalcin against free fatty acid-induced endothelial apoptosis through the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway. Metabolism 2013; 62:1250-7. [PMID: 23639572 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence suggests that osteocalcin (OC), one of the osteoblast-specific proteins, has been associated with atherosclerosis, but results are conflicting. The aim of this study was to elucidate the independent effect of uncarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC), an active form of osteocalcin which has been suggested to have an insulin sensitizing effect, on vascular endothelial cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used human aortic endothelial cells and treated them with ucOC. Linoleic acid (LA) was used as a representative free fatty acid. Apoptosis was evaluated using various methods including a terminal deoxyribonucleotide transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling analysis kit and Western blotting for cleaved caspase 3, cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and Bcl-xL. The phosphorylations of Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) as well as the level of NO were measured to confirm the effect of ucOC on insulin signaling pathway. RESULTS Pretreatment of ucOC (30 ng/ml) prevented LA-induced apoptosis in insulin-stimulated endothelial cells; effects were abolished by pretreatment with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) inhibitor, wortmannin. Treatment of ucOC (ranged from 0.3 to 30 ng/ml) significantly increased the phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS and nitric oxide secretion from endothelial cells in a PI3-kinase dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to demonstrate the independent effect of ucOC on vascular endothelial cells. Our results further suggest that ucOC could have beneficial effects on atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hee Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Liao M, Guo X, Yu X, Pang G, Zhang S, Li J, Tan A, Gao Y, Yang X, Zhang H, Qin X, Mo L, Lu Z, Wu C, Mo Z. Role of metabolic factors in the association between osteocalcin and testosterone in Chinese men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:3463-9. [PMID: 23824426 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-1805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteocalcin can regulate energy metabolism and increase testosterone production. Although previous studies have shown the positive association between osteocalcin and testosterone, the effect of metabolic factors in the association is unclear. DESIGN AND SETTING Osteocalcin, testosterone, and metabolic factors were accessed in 2400 men aged 20 to 69 years, who participated in the population-based Fangchenggang Area Male Health and Examination Survey in Guangxi province of China from September 2009 to December 2009. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Metabolic syndrome was defined based on the updated report of National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Serum total osteocalcin, total testosterone (TT), and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were measured, whereas free testosterone (FT) and bioavailable testosterone (BT) were calculated based on Vermeulen's formula. The multivariable linear regression analysis was used. RESULTS Osteocalcin was positively associated with TT, FT, and BT in the unadjusted model (all P < .001). After adjusting for age, the positive association between osteocalcin and TT remained statistically significant (β = .17, 95% confidence interval = 0.14-0.20) and was not attenuated in each MetS subgroup including hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia, elevated blood pressure, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, while in the group of central obesity (waist circumstance ≥90 cm), the association appeared significantly stronger (β = 0.21, 95% confidence interval = 0.12-0.30). After further adjusting for SHBG, osteocalcin was positively associated with TT, FT, and BT in men with central obesity or men with any two MetS components (all P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Serum total osteocalcin is positively associated with testosterone, which is probably modified by SHBG and central obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liao
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Schäck LM, Noack S, Winkler R, Wißmann G, Behrens P, Wellmann M, Jagodzinski M, Krettek C, Hoffmann A. The Phosphate Source Influences Gene Expression and Quality of Mineralization during In Vitro Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65943. [PMID: 23823126 PMCID: PMC3688813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
For in vitro differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells/mesenchymal stromal cells into osteoblasts by 2-dimensional cell culture a variety of protocols have been used and evaluated in the past. Especially the external phosphate source used to induce mineralization varies considerably both in respect to chemical composition and concentration. In light of the recent findings that inorganic phosphate directs gene expression of genes crucial for bone development, the need for a standardized phosphate source in in vitro differentiation becomes apparent. We show that chemical composition (inorganic versus organic phosphate origin) and concentration of phosphate supplementation exert a severe impact on the results of gene expression for the genes commonly used as markers for osteoblast formation as well as on the composition of the mineral formed. Specifically, the intensity of gene expression does not necessarily correlate with a high quality mineralized matrix. Our study demonstrates advantages of using inorganic phosphate instead of β-glycerophosphate and propose colorimetric quantification methods for calcium and phosphate ions as cost- and time-effective alternatives to X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy for determination of the calcium phosphate ratio and concentration of mineral matrix formed under in vitro-conditions. We critically discuss the different assays used to assess in vitro bone formation in respect to specificity and provide a detailed in vitro protocol that could help to avoid contradictory results due to variances in experimental design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa M. Schäck
- Trauma Department, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sandra Noack
- Trauma Department, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ramona Winkler
- Trauma Department, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gesa Wißmann
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Behrens
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mathias Wellmann
- Clinic for Orthopedic Surgery, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Andrea Hoffmann
- Trauma Department, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Köllmer M, Buhrman JS, Zhang Y, Gemeinhart RA. Markers Are Shared Between Adipogenic and Osteogenic Differentiated Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 5:18-25. [PMID: 24013643 DOI: 10.5897/jdbte2013.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The stem cell differentiation paradigm is based on the progression of cells through generations of daughter cells that eventually become restricted and committed to one lineage resulting in fully differentiated cells. Herein, we report on the differentiation of adult human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) towards adipogenic and osteogenic lineages using established protocols. Lineage specific geneswere evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR relative to two reference genes. The expression of osteoblast-associated genes (alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, and osteocalcin)was detected in hMSCs that underwent adipogenesis. When normalized, the expression of adipocyte marker genes (adiponectin, fatty acid binding protein P4, and leptin) increasedin a time-dependent manner during adipogenic induction. Adiponectin and leptin were also detected in osteoblast-induced cells. Lipid vacuoles that represent the adipocyte phenotype were only present in the adipogenic induction group. Conforming to the heterogeneous nature of hMSCs and the known plasticity between osteogenic and adipogenic lineages, these data indicatea marker overlap between MSC-derived adipocytes and osteoblasts. Weproposea careful consideration of experimental conditions such as investigated timepoints, selected housekeeping genesand the evidence indicating lack of differentiation into other lineageswhen evaluating hMSC differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Köllmer
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612-7231, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Liu JM, Zhao HY, Zhao L, Chen Y, Zhang LZ, Tao B, Sun LH, Zhao YJ, Wang WQ, Xu MY, Chen JL, Ning G. An independent positive relationship between the serum total osteocalcin level and fat-free mass in healthy premenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:2146-52. [PMID: 23553865 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT It is widely reported that osteocalcin is negatively associated with fat mass. However, there are few reports describing its correlation with fat-free mass, particularly in women. OBJECTIVES The objective of the current study was to investigate the possible relationship between osteocalcin and fat-free mass in healthy, nonobese women. DESIGN AND SETTING This study was performed in a tertiary university teaching hospital. SUBJECTS A total of 504 healthy women aged 20-75 years were enrolled. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Body composition was measured using a bioelectronics impedance analyzer. The serum concentrations of total osteocalcin, estradiol, leptin, osteoprotegerin, the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, IGF-I, fasting plasma glucose, and urinary N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen were tested. The bone mineral densities (BMDs) at the lumbar spine and proximal femoral neck were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS The serum total osteocalcin level had a significant positive association with fat-free mass (r = 0.168, P = .007) after adjusting for age, fat mass, menopausal status, estradiol, fasting glucose, leptin, osteoprotegerin, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand, IGF-I, N-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, BMDs, and waist and hip circumference. Analysis in pre- and postmenopausal women demonstrated that this association was only present in premenopausal women (r = 0.190, P = .005). The multiple stepwise regression analysis revealed that hip circumference, femoral neck-BMD, fat mass, leptin, osteocalcin, and age are the contributors to the changes in fat-free mass in premenopausal women (adjusted R(2) = 0.521, P < .001). CONCLUSION The serum level of total osteocalcin was positively associated with fat-free mass independent of age, fat mass, leptin, and other confounders in premenopausal women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-min Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Rui-jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-tong University School of Medicine, 197 Rui-jin Er Road, Shanghai, China 200025
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Devlin MJ, Grasemann C, Cloutier AM, Louis L, Alm C, Palmert MR, Bouxsein ML. Maternal perinatal diet induces developmental programming of bone architecture. J Endocrinol 2013; 217:69-81. [PMID: 23503967 PMCID: PMC3792707 DOI: 10.1530/joe-12-0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Maternal high-fat (HF) diet can alter offspring metabolism via perinatal developmental programming. This study tests the hypothesis that maternal HF diet also induces perinatal programming of offspring bone mass and strength. We compared skeletal acquisition in pups from C57Bl/6J mice fed HF or normal diet from preconception through lactation. Three-week-old male and female pups from HF (HF-N) and normal mothers (N-N) were weaned onto normal diet. Outcomes at 14 and 26 weeks of age included body mass, body composition, whole-body bone mineral content (WBBMC) via peripheral dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, femoral cortical and trabecular architecture via microcomputed tomography, and glucose tolerance. Female HF-N had normal body mass and glucose tolerance, with lower body fat (%) but higher serum leptin at 14 weeks vs. N-N (P<0.05 for both). WBBMC was 12% lower at 14 weeks and 5% lower at 26 weeks, but trabecular bone volume fraction was 20% higher at 14 weeks in female HF-N vs. N-N (P<0.05 for all). Male HF-N had normal body mass and mildly impaired glucose tolerance, with lower body fat (%) at 14 weeks and lower serum leptin at 26 weeks vs. N-N (P<0.05 for both). Serum insulin was higher at 14 weeks and lower at 26 weeks in HF-N vs. N-N (P<0.05). Trabecular BV/TV was 34% higher and cortical bone area was 6% higher at 14 weeks vs. N-N (P<0.05 for both). These data suggest that maternal HF diet has complex effects on offspring bone, supporting the hypothesis that maternal diet alters postnatal skeletal homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Devlin
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|