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Pott J, Horn K, Zeidler R, Kirsten H, Ahnert P, Kratzsch J, Loeffler M, Isermann B, Ceglarek U, Scholz M. Sex-Specific Causal Relations between Steroid Hormones and Obesity-A Mendelian Randomization Study. Metabolites 2021; 11:738. [PMID: 34822396 PMCID: PMC8624973 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroid hormones act as important regulators of physiological processes including gene expression. They provide possible mechanistic explanations of observed sex-dimorphisms in obesity and coronary artery disease (CAD). Here, we aim to unravel causal relationships between steroid hormones, obesity, and CAD in a sex-specific manner. In genome-wide meta-analyses of four steroid hormone levels and one hormone ratio, we identified 17 genome-wide significant loci of which 11 were novel. Among loci, seven were female-specific, four male-specific, and one was sex-related (stronger effects in females). As one of the loci was the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region, we analyzed HLA allele counts and found four HLA subtypes linked to 17-OH-progesterone (17-OHP), including HLA-B*14*02. Using Mendelian randomization approaches with four additional hormones as exposure, we detected causal effects of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and 17-OHP on body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). The DHEA-S effect was stronger in males. Additionally, we observed the causal effects of testosterone, estradiol, and their ratio on WHR. By mediation analysis, we found a direct sex-unspecific effect of 17-OHP on CAD while the other four hormone effects on CAD were mediated by BMI or WHR. In conclusion, we identified the sex-specific causal networks of steroid hormones, obesity-related traits, and CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Pott
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (K.H.); (H.K.); (P.A.); (M.L.)
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (J.K.); (B.I.); (U.C.)
| | - Katrin Horn
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (K.H.); (H.K.); (P.A.); (M.L.)
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (J.K.); (B.I.); (U.C.)
| | - Robert Zeidler
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Holger Kirsten
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (K.H.); (H.K.); (P.A.); (M.L.)
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (J.K.); (B.I.); (U.C.)
| | - Peter Ahnert
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (K.H.); (H.K.); (P.A.); (M.L.)
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (J.K.); (B.I.); (U.C.)
| | - Jürgen Kratzsch
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (J.K.); (B.I.); (U.C.)
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Markus Loeffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (K.H.); (H.K.); (P.A.); (M.L.)
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (J.K.); (B.I.); (U.C.)
| | - Berend Isermann
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (J.K.); (B.I.); (U.C.)
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Uta Ceglarek
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (J.K.); (B.I.); (U.C.)
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany; (K.H.); (H.K.); (P.A.); (M.L.)
- LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (J.K.); (B.I.); (U.C.)
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Bentley C, Potter C, Yakoub KM, Brock K, Homer V, Toman E, Taylor AE, Shaheen F, Gilligan LC, Athwal A, Barton D, Carrera R, Young K, Desai A, McGee K, Ermogenous C, Sur G, Greig CA, Hazeldine J, Arlt W, Lord JM, Foster MA. A prospective, phase II, single-centre, cross-sectional, randomised study investigating Dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation and its Profile in Trauma: ADaPT. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e040823. [PMID: 34312190 PMCID: PMC8314713 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The improvements in short-term outcome after severe trauma achieved through early resuscitation and acute care can be offset over the following weeks by an acute systemic inflammatory response with immuneparesis leading to infection, multiorgan dysfunction/multiorgan failure (MOF) and death. Serum levels of the androgen precursor dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate ester DHEAS, steroids with immune-enhancing activity, are low after traumatic injury at a time when patients are catabolic and immunosuppressed. Addressing this deficit and restoring the DHEA(S) ratio to cortisol may provide a range of physiological benefits, including immune modulatory effects. OBJECTIVE Our primary objective is to establish a dose suitable for DHEA supplementation in patients after acute trauma to raise circulating DHEA levels to at least 15 nmol/L. Secondary objectives are to assess if DHEA supplementation has any effect on neutrophil function, metabolic and cytokine profiles and which route of administration (oral vs sublingual) is more effective in restoring circulating levels of DHEA, DHEAS and downstream androgens. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A prospective, phase II, single-centre, cross-sectional, randomised study investigating Dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation and its profile in trauma, with a planned recruitment between April 2019 and July 2021, that will investigate DHEA supplementation and its effect on serum DHEA, DHEAS and downstream androgens in trauma. A maximum of 270 patients will receive sublingual or oral DHEA at 50, 100 or 200 mg daily over 3 days. Females aged ≥50 years with neck of femur fracture and male and female major trauma patients, aged 16-50 years with an injury severity score ≥16, will be recruited. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This protocol was approved by the West Midlands - Coventry and Warwickshire Research Ethics Committee (Reference 18/WM/0102) on 8 June 2018. Results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and presented at national and international conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial is registered with the European Medicines Agency (EudraCT: 2016-004250-15) and ISRCTN (12961998). It has also been adopted on the National Institute of Health Research portfolio (CPMS ID:38158). TRIAL PROGRESSION The study recruited its first patient on 2 April 2019 and held its first data monitoring committee on 8 November 2019. DHEA dosing has increased to 100 mg in both male cohorts and remains on 50 mg in across all female groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor Bentley
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Claire Potter
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- D3B, CRUK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kamal Makram Yakoub
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kristian Brock
- D3B, CRUK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK
| | - Victoria Homer
- D3B, CRUK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK
| | - Emma Toman
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Angela E Taylor
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK
| | - Fozia Shaheen
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lorna C Gilligan
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK
| | - Amrita Athwal
- D3B, CRUK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK
| | - Darren Barton
- D3B, CRUK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ronald Carrera
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Katie Young
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Amisha Desai
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kirsty McGee
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Christos Ermogenous
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gurneet Sur
- D3B, CRUK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit Clinical Trials Group (D3B team), CRUK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Carolyn A Greig
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jon Hazeldine
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Wiebke Arlt
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute of Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Janet M Lord
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute of Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mark A Foster
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Correlation of age and sex with urine dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate level in healthy Thai volunteers. Pract Lab Med 2021; 24:e00204. [PMID: 33553553 PMCID: PMC7848761 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2021.e00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAs), a prohormone secreted by the adrenal gland, plays a role in the synthesis of sex hormones, namely, androgen and estrogen. It has been found that the amount of DHEAs is correlated with age, although most studies have focused on the correlation of serum DHEAs levels with age and sex. Thus, this noninvasive, cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the correlation of urine DHEAs levels with age and sex in healthy Thai volunteers aged 20–80 years. Methods DHEAs levels were measured in 178 healthy volunteers using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay and then normalized by creatinine. Multiple regression was performed to determine the correlation of urine DHEAs levels normalized by creatinine with age and sex. Results The normalized DHEAs levels are correlated with age group for both sexes. Moreover, an increasing trend in DHEAs levels was found in the age group 20–29 years, and the DHEAs level peaked at the age group 30–39 years before declining with advancing age. Based on the multiple regression analyses, the significance of the interaction term (P < 0.05) indicates that both age and sex significantly contribute to the prediction of ln (DHEAs/Creatinine). Our fitted model implies the following: as age increases by 1 year, DHEAs/Creatinine is expected to decrease by 3.63% in females and by 2.18% in males. Conclusion This study reports more data on clinical reference value of urine DHEAs levels in healthy volunteers. Our result demonstrates urine DHEAs levels are associated with age and sex and decline by 2–3% a year. There is no data on the correlation of urine DHEAs with age and sex in a wide age range. First report of urine DHEAs levels in healthy Thai volunteers aged 20–80 years. The fitted model is proposed to determine the correlation of urine DHEAs levels normalized by creatinine with age and sex.
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Jia X, Sun C, Tang O, Gorlov I, Nambi V, Virani SS, Villareal DT, Taffet GE, Yu B, Bressler J, Boerwinkle E, Windham BG, de Lemos JA, Matsushita K, Selvin E, Michos ED, Hoogeveen RC, Ballantyne CM. Plasma Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Older Men and Women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:dgaa518. [PMID: 32785663 PMCID: PMC7526732 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Lower dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) levels have been inconsistently associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) and mortality. Data are limited for heart failure (HF) and association between DHEA-S change and events. OBJECTIVE Assess associations between low DHEA-S/DHEA-S change and incident HF hospitalization, CHD, and mortality in older adults. DESIGN DHEA-S was measured in stored plasma from visits 4 (1996-1998) and 5 (2011-2013) of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Follow-up for incident events: 18 years for DHEA-S level; 5.5 years for DHEA-S change. SETTING General community. PARTICIPANTS Individuals without prevalent cardiovascular disease (n = 8143, mean age 63 years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Associations between DHEA-S and incident HF hospitalization, CHD, or mortality; associations between 15-year change in DHEA-S (n = 3706) and cardiovascular events. RESULTS DHEA-S below the 15th sex-specific percentile of the study population (men: 55.4 µg/dL; women: 27.4 µg/dL) was associated with increased HF hospitalization (men: hazard ratio [HR] 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-1.58; women: HR 1.42, 95% CI, 1.13-1.79); DHEA-S below the 25th sex-specific percentile (men: 70.0 µg/dL; women: 37.1 µg/dL) was associated with increased death (men: HR 1.12, 95% CI, 1.01-1.25; women: HR 1.19, 95% CI, 1.03-1.37). In men, but not women, greater percentage decrease in DHEA-S was associated with increased HF hospitalization (HR 1.94, 95% CI, 1.11-3.39). Low DHEA-S and change in DHEA-S were not associated with incident CHD. CONCLUSIONS Low DHEA-S is associated with increased risk for HF and mortality but not CHD. Further investigation is warranted to evaluate mechanisms underlying these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Olive Tang
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Vijay Nambi
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Salim S Virani
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | - Bing Yu
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Jan Bressler
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - B Gwen Windham
- University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson, Mississippi
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Selvin
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Erin D Michos
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Naelitz BD, Sharifi N. Through the Looking-Glass: Reevaluating DHEA Metabolism Through HSD3B1 Genetics. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:680-690. [PMID: 32565196 PMCID: PMC7442716 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA sulfate together are abundant adrenal steroids whose physiological effects are mediated through their conversion to potent downstream androgens. 3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isotype 1 (3βHSD1) facilitates the rate-limiting step of DHEA metabolism and gates the flux of substrate into the distal portion of the androgen synthesis pathway. Notably, a germline, missense-encoding change, HSD3B1(1245C), results in expression of 3βHSD1 protein that is resistant to degradation, yielding greater potent androgen production in the periphery. In contrast, HSD3B1(1245A) encodes 3βHSD1 protein that is easily degraded, limiting peripheral androgen synthesis. These adrenal-permissive (AP) and adrenal-restrictive (AR) alleles have recently been associated with divergent outcomes in androgen-sensitive disease states, underscoring the need to reevaluate DHEA metabolism using HSD3B1 genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D Naelitz
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Nima Sharifi
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Genitourinary Malignancies Research Center, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Bentley C, Hazeldine J, Greig C, Lord J, Foster M. Dehydroepiandrosterone: a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment and rehabilitation of the traumatically injured patient. BURNS & TRAUMA 2019; 7:26. [PMID: 31388512 PMCID: PMC6676517 DOI: 10.1186/s41038-019-0158-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Severe injuries are the major cause of death in those aged under 40, mainly due to road traffic collisions. Endocrine, metabolic and immune pathways respond to limit the tissue damage sustained and initiate wound healing, repair and regeneration mechanisms. However, depending on age and sex, the response to injury and patient prognosis differ significantly. Glucocorticoids are catabolic and immunosuppressive and are produced as part of the stress response to injury leading to an intra-adrenal shift in steroid biosynthesis at the expense of the anabolic and immune enhancing steroid hormone dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulphated metabolite dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS). The balance of these steroids after injury appears to influence outcomes in injured humans, with high cortisol: DHEAS ratio associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Animal models of trauma, sepsis, wound healing, neuroprotection and burns have all shown a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines, improved survival and increased resistance to pathological challenges with DHEA supplementation. Human supplementation studies, which have focused on post-menopausal females, older adults, or adrenal insufficiency have shown that restoring the cortisol: DHEAS ratio improves wound healing, mood, bone remodelling and psychological well-being. Currently, there are no DHEA or DHEAS supplementation studies in trauma patients, but we review here the evidence for this potential therapeutic agent in the treatment and rehabilitation of the severely injured patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor Bentley
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2WB UK
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, Birmingham University Medical School, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Jon Hazeldine
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2WB UK
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, Birmingham University Medical School, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Carolyn Greig
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Janet Lord
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2WB UK
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, Birmingham University Medical School, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mark Foster
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2WB UK
- Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham Research Park, Birmingham, B15 2SQ UK
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Yoshihara T, Ozaki H, Nakagata T, Natsume T, Kitada T, Ishihara Y, Sawada S, Ishibashi M, Kobayashi H, Machida S, Naito H. Association between locomotive syndrome and blood parameters in Japanese middle-aged and elderly individuals: a cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2019; 20:104. [PMID: 30871499 PMCID: PMC6417127 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-019-2480-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Locomotive syndrome (LS) is associated with weakness and loss of function in the musculoskeletal organs. We aimed to determine the association between LS components and blood parameters in middle-aged and elderly individuals. Methods We included 223 middle-aged and elderly individuals in this study (104 men and 119 women; age: 40–85 years). All participants were asked to fast for at least 3 h before the venous blood samples were obtained and the hemoglobin, total protein, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), growth hormone, albumin and lipid profile were measured. Three functional tests, the stand-up test, the two-step test, and the 25-question geriatric locomotive function scale (GLFS) were used to assess the risk of LS. Walking speed was assessed by the 10-m walking test. Maximal isometric muscle strengths of the knee extensors were examined, and the weight bearing index (knee extension strength/body weight) was calculated. To assess an independent association between blood parameters and LS, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis (area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity) and a binary logistic regression analysis were performed with adjustment for age. Results Of the 223 subjects, 119 (53.3%) fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for LS (including a two-step test score < 1.3, difficulty with one-leg standing from 40 cm in the stand-up test, and a 25-question GLFS score ≥ 7). Increased levels of HbA1c were significant risk factors for LS with an OR of 2.62 (OR95%CI = 1.43–4.80), as determined by a logistic regression analysis. Additionally, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) levels were significant only in the male subjects (OR = 0.992 [OR95%CI = 0.986–0.998]), at a threshold of 88 (AUC; 0.70, sensitivity; 79.6%, specificity; 49.1%). Moreover, 101 of 223 participants (41 men, 60 women) were analyzed for serum albumin levels, with a prevalence of LS at 55.4%, indicating that low levels of albumin were significant risk factors for LS (OR = 0.148 [OR95%CI = 0.023–0.954], p = 0.0445). Conclusions These results suggest that higher HbA1c and lower albumin are associated with the prevalence of LS in Japanese middle-aged and elderly individuals. Furthermore, low DHEA-S levels may be useful screening tools for LS in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Yoshihara
- COI Project Center, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hayao Ozaki
- School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan.,Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakagata
- School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Natsume
- Institute of Health and Sports Science & Medicine, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Kitada
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Ishihara
- Institute of Health and Sports Science & Medicine, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
| | - Shuji Sawada
- COI Project Center, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Ishibashi
- COI Project Center, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kobayashi
- Mito Medical Center, Tsukuba University Hospital, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 310-0015, Japan
| | - Shuichi Machida
- COI Project Center, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan. .,School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan. .,Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan. .,Institute of Health and Sports Science & Medicine, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan.
| | - Hisashi Naito
- COI Project Center, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan.,Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan.,Institute of Health and Sports Science & Medicine, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
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Lazarus NR, Lord JM, Harridge SDR. The relationships and interactions between age, exercise and physiological function. J Physiol 2019; 597:1299-1309. [PMID: 30422311 PMCID: PMC6395415 DOI: 10.1113/jp277071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This brief review focuses on the relationships and interactions between human ageing, exercise and physiological function. It explores the importance of the selection of participants for ageing research, the strengths and deficiencies of both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, and the complexities involved in understanding time-dependent, lifelong physiological processes. As being physically active is crucial to fostering healthy ageing, it is essential that participants in health and ageing research are defined in terms of their physical activity/exercise status as well as other lifestyle factors. Comparisons of exercisers with non-exercisers has suggested that there is a mosaic of regulation of ageing both within and across physiological systems. We suggest that four broad categories exist which encompass this regulation. These are (i) systems and indices that are age dependent, but activity independent; (ii) systems that are age dependent, but also malleable by exercise; (iii) systems that are not age affected but are altered by exercise; and (iv) systems that are neither age nor activity dependent. We briefly explore the concept of a mosaic of regulation in a selection of physiological systems. These include skeletal muscle, the immune and endocrine systems, gastrointestinal as well as cognitive function. We go onto examine how these categories might fit within the broad framework of understanding the physiology of human ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman R. Lazarus
- Centre for Human & Applied Physiological SciencesSchool of Basic & Medical BiosciencesFaculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Janet M. Lord
- Institute of Inflammation and AgeingMRC‐ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing ResearchUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research CentreUniversity Hospital BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Stephen D. R. Harridge
- Centre for Human & Applied Physiological SciencesSchool of Basic & Medical BiosciencesFaculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
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9
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Peng LN, Lee WJ, Liu LK, Lin MH, Chen LK. Healthy community-living older men differ from women in associations between myostatin levels and skeletal muscle mass. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2018; 9:635-642. [PMID: 29654636 PMCID: PMC6104118 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myostatin is a negative regulator of muscle growth but the relationship between serum myostatin levels and muscle mass is unclear. This study investigated the association between serum myostatin levels and skeletal muscle mass among healthy older community residents in Taiwan, to evaluate the potential of serum myostatin as a biomarker for diagnosing sarcopenia and/or evaluating the effect of its treatment. METHODS Study data were excerpted from a random subsample of the I-Lan Longitudinal Aging Study population. Serum myostatin levels were determined and categorized into tertiles (low, medium, high). Relative appendicular skeletal muscle mass (RASM) was calculated as appendicular lean body mass by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry divided by height squared (kg/m2 ). Low muscle mass was defined as recommended by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. RESULTS The analytic study sample comprised 463 adults (mean age: 69.1 years; 49.5% men). Compared with subjects with normal RASM, those with lower RASM were older and frailer, with significantly higher prevalence of malnutrition, lower serum dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels, and were more likely to have low serum myostatin status. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that male sex (OR 3.60, 95% CI 1.30-9.92), malnutrition (OR 4.39, 95% CI 1.56-12.36), DHEA (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.99-1.00), and low myostatin (OR 3.23, 95% CI 1.49-7.01) were all independent risk factors for low RASM (all P < 0.05). In men, DHEA (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.98-1.00) and low myostatin (OR 4.89, 95% CI 1.79-13.37) were significantly associated with low RASM (both P < 0.05); however, only malnutrition was associated with low RASM in women (OR 13.59, 95% CI 2.22-83.25, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Among healthy community-living older adults, low serum myostatin levels were associated with low skeletal muscle mass in men, but not in women. Our results do not support using serum myostatin levels to diagnose sarcopenia, or to monitor how it responds to treatments. Further research is needed to understand why men apparently differ from women in the interrelationship between their myostatin levels and muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ning Peng
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Rd, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.,Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, National Yang Ming University School of Medicine, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ju Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital Yuanshan Branch, No. 386 Rongguang Rd., Yuanshan Township, Yilan County, 264, Taiwan.,Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, National Yang Ming University School of Medicine, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Li-Kuo Liu
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Rd, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.,Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, National Yang Ming University School of Medicine, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Lin
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Rd, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.,Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, National Yang Ming University School of Medicine, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Kung Chen
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Rd, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.,Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, National Yang Ming University School of Medicine, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan
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10
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Watts EL, Appleby PN, Albanes D, Black A, Chan JM, Chen C, Cirillo PM, Cohn BA, Cook MB, Donovan JL, Ferrucci L, Garland CF, Giles GG, Goodman PJ, Habel LA, Haiman CA, Holly JMP, Hoover RN, Kaaks R, Knekt P, Kolonel LN, Kubo T, Le Marchand L, Luostarinen T, MacInnis RJ, Mäenpää HO, Männistö S, Metter EJ, Milne RL, Nomura AMY, Oliver SE, Parsons JK, Peeters PH, Platz EA, Riboli E, Ricceri F, Rinaldi S, Rissanen H, Sawada N, Schaefer CA, Schenk JM, Stanczyk FZ, Stampfer M, Stattin P, Stenman UH, Tjønneland A, Trichopoulou A, Thompson IM, Tsugane S, Vatten L, Whittemore AS, Ziegler RG, Allen NE, Key TJ, Travis RC. Circulating sex hormones in relation to anthropometric, sociodemographic and behavioural factors in an international dataset of 12,300 men. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187741. [PMID: 29281666 PMCID: PMC5744924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sex hormones have been implicated in the etiology of a number of diseases. To better understand disease etiology and the mechanisms of disease-risk factor associations, this analysis aimed to investigate the associations of anthropometric, sociodemographic and behavioural factors with a range of circulating sex hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin. METHODS Statistical analyses of individual participant data from 12,330 male controls aged 25-85 years from 25 studies involved in the Endogenous Hormones Nutritional Biomarkers and Prostate Cancer Collaborative Group. Analysis of variance was used to estimate geometric means adjusted for study and relevant covariates. RESULTS Older age was associated with higher concentrations of sex hormone-binding globulin and dihydrotestosterone and lower concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, free testosterone, androstenedione, androstanediol glucuronide and free estradiol. Higher body mass index was associated with higher concentrations of free estradiol, androstanediol glucuronide, estradiol and estrone and lower concentrations of dihydrotestosterone, testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, free testosterone, androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Taller height was associated with lower concentrations of androstenedione, testosterone, free testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin and higher concentrations of androstanediol glucuronide. Current smoking was associated with higher concentrations of androstenedione, sex hormone-binding globulin and testosterone. Alcohol consumption was associated with higher concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androstenedione and androstanediol glucuronide. East Asians had lower concentrations of androstanediol glucuronide and African Americans had higher concentrations of estrogens. Education and marital status were modestly associated with a small number of hormones. CONCLUSION Circulating sex hormones in men are strongly associated with age and body mass index, and to a lesser extent with smoking status and alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor L. Watts
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul N. Appleby
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, U.S. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Amanda Black
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, U.S. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - June M. Chan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Department of Urology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Chu Chen
- Program in Epidemiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Piera M. Cirillo
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Barbara A. Cohn
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Michael B. Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, U.S. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Jenny L. Donovan
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Cedric F. Garland
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Phyllis J. Goodman
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Laurel A. Habel
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, United States of America
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Jeff M. P. Holly
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Robert N. Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, U.S. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Knekt
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laurence N. Kolonel
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States of America
| | - Tatsuhiko Kubo
- Department of Public Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States of America
| | - Tapio Luostarinen
- Finnish Cancer Registry, Institute for Statistical and Epidemiological Cancer Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robert J. MacInnis
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hanna O. Mäenpää
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E. Jeffrey Metter
- Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Roger L. Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Abraham M. Y. Nomura
- Japan-Hawaii Cancer Study, Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, United States of America
| | - Steven E. Oliver
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - J. Kellogg Parsons
- Division of Urologic Oncology, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Petra H. Peeters
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A. Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Elio Riboli
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fulvio Ricceri
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
- Unit of Epidemiology, Regional Health Service ASL TO3, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Sabina Rinaldi
- Biomarkers Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Harri Rissanen
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Catherine A. Schaefer
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, United States of America
| | - Jeannette M. Schenk
- Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Frank Z. Stanczyk
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Meir Stampfer
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- The Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Pär Stattin
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulf-Håkan Stenman
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Department of Diet, Genes and Environment, The Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Ian M. Thompson
- CHRISTUS Medical Center Hospital, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lars Vatten
- Department of Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Alice S. Whittemore
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Regina G. Ziegler
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, U.S. National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Naomi E. Allen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J. Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth C. Travis
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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11
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Exploring the molecular basis of age-related disease comorbidities using a multi-omics graphical model. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37646. [PMID: 27886242 PMCID: PMC5122881 DOI: 10.1038/srep37646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although association studies have unveiled numerous correlations of biochemical markers with age and age-related diseases, we still lack an understanding of their mutual dependencies. To find molecular pathways that underlie age-related diseases as well as their comorbidities, we integrated aging markers from four different high-throughput omics datasets, namely epigenomics, transcriptomics, glycomics and metabolomics, with a comprehensive set of disease phenotypes from 510 participants of the TwinsUK cohort. We used graphical random forests to assess conditional dependencies between omics markers and phenotypes while eliminating mediated associations. Applying this novel approach for multi-omics data integration yields a model consisting of seven modules that represent distinct aspects of aging. These modules are connected by hubs that potentially trigger comorbidities of age-related diseases. As an example, we identified urate as one of these key players mediating the comorbidity of renal disease with body composition and obesity. Body composition variables are in turn associated with inflammatory IgG markers, mediated by the expression of the hormone oxytocin. Thus, oxytocin potentially contributes to the development of chronic low-grade inflammation, which often accompanies obesity. Our multi-omics graphical model demonstrates the interconnectivity of age-related diseases and highlights molecular markers of the aging process that might drive disease comorbidities.
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12
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Davey JR, Watt KI, Parker BL, Chaudhuri R, Ryall JG, Cunningham L, Qian H, Sartorelli V, Sandri M, Chamberlain J, James DE, Gregorevic P. Integrated expression analysis of muscle hypertrophy identifies Asb2 as a negative regulator of muscle mass. JCI Insight 2016; 1. [PMID: 27182554 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.85477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling network is a critical regulator of skeletal muscle mass and function and, thus, is an attractive therapeutic target for combating muscle disease, but the underlying mechanisms of action remain undetermined. We report that follistatin-based interventions (which modulate TGF-β network activity) can promote muscle hypertrophy that ameliorates aging-associated muscle wasting. However, the muscles of old sarcopenic mice demonstrate reduced response to follistatin compared with healthy young-adult musculature. Quantitative proteomic and transcriptomic analyses of young-adult muscles identified a transcription/translation signature elicited by follistatin exposure, which included repression of ankyrin repeat and SOCS box protein 2 (Asb2). Increasing expression of ASB2 reduced muscle mass, thereby demonstrating that Asb2 is a TGF-β network-responsive negative regulator of muscle mass. In contrast to young-adult muscles, sarcopenic muscles do not exhibit reduced ASB2 abundance with follistatin exposure. Moreover, preventing repression of ASB2 in young-adult muscles diminished follistatin-induced muscle hypertrophy. These findings provide insight into the program of transcription and translation events governing follistatin-mediated adaptation of skeletal muscle attributes and identify Asb2 as a regulator of muscle mass implicated in the potential mechanistic dysfunction between follistatin-mediated muscle growth in young and old muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin I Watt
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Parker
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rima Chaudhuri
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - James G Ryall
- National Institute of Arthritis Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Hongwei Qian
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vittorio Sartorelli
- National Institute of Arthritis Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Marco Sandri
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Jeffrey Chamberlain
- Department of Neurology, The University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David E James
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul Gregorevic
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology, The University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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13
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Souza-Teodoro LH, de Oliveira C, Walters K, Carvalho LA. Higher serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate protects against the onset of depression in the elderly: Findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSA). Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 64:40-6. [PMID: 26600009 PMCID: PMC4712651 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Depression is one of the major causes of disability worldwide, but the complete etiology of depression is not fully understood. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulphated form DHEA(S) have been associated with mood and healthy aging. Associations with mental illness over the middle to late years of life have not yet been extensively investigated in large, western community-dwelling samples. The aim of this study was to investigate whether low DHEA(S) levels are associated with the development of depressive symptoms in a large longitudinal cohort study of older men and women. We assessed data from English Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSA) to evaluate the association of DHEA(S) levels and depressive symptoms measured by Center for Epidemiologic Studies Scale (CES-D) at baseline (n=3083) and at 4-year follow-up (n=3009). At baseline, there was an inverse association between DHEA(S) and depressive symptoms (B=-0.252, p=0.014). Adjustments for physical illnesses, impairments in cognitive function and health behaviors abolished this association (p=0.109) at baseline. Decreased DHEA(S) levels at baseline also predicted incident depression at 4-year follow-up (B=-0.332, p<0.001). In conclusion, higher DHEA(S) levels were associated with reduced risk of developing depressive symptoms in both men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis H Souza-Teodoro
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK,Chronopharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cesar de Oliveira
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kate Walters
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, UCL and Medical Research Council General Practice Research Framework, London, UK
| | - Livia A Carvalho
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.
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14
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Wang X, Harshman LC, Xie W, Nakabayashi M, Qu F, Pomerantz MM, Lee GSM, Kantoff PW. Association of SLCO2B1 Genotypes With Time to Progression and Overall Survival in Patients Receiving Androgen-Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2016; 34:352-9. [PMID: 26668348 PMCID: PMC4872031 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.62.5988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To validate the association of three previously demonstrated SLCO2B1 germline variants with time to progression (TTP) in patients receiving androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT), and to evaluate if the SLCO2B1 genetic variants impacted overall survival (OS) for prostate cancer (PC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), exonic SNP rs12422149 and intronic SNPs rs1789693 and rs1077858, were genotyped in an independent validation cohort of 616 patients with PC who were treated with ADT at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute from 1996 to 2013. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression adjusting for known prognostic factors estimated the association of these genetic variants with TTP and OS in patients receiving ADT. The expression of SLCO2B1 was examined in prostatectomy samples, and the impact of SLCO2B1 expression level on DHEAS (dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate) uptake was evaluated in cell lines. RESULTS The association between exonic SNP rs12422149 and TTP in patients treated with ADT was confirmed in univariable (P = .019) and multivariable analyses (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.72 for GG v AA/AG; P = .049). Because OS had not been previously evaluated, we examined the association in the combined initial and validation cohorts (N = 1,094). The intronic SNP rs1077858 was associated with OS in both univariable (P = .009; Bonferroni's method adjusted P = .027) and multivariable analyses (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.71 for GG v AA/AG; P = .012). SLCO2B1 expression in normal prostate tissue and in 22RV1 cells carrying the major allele of SNP rs1077858 was significantly lower than in cells carrying the risk allele. We show in vitro that SLCO2B1 expression levels correlated with DHEAS uptake by PC cells. CONCLUSION The association of SNP rs1077858 with OS may be a result of differential SLCO2B1 expression and the consequent increased uptake of DHEAS and subsequent resistance to ADT, which, in turn, may contribute to decreased OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wang
- All authors: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | - Wanling Xie
- All authors: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | - Fangfang Qu
- All authors: Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
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15
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Sánchez-Guijo A, Oji V, Hartmann MF, Traupe H, Wudy SA. Simultaneous quantification of cholesterol sulfate, androgen sulfates, and progestagen sulfates in human serum by LC-MS/MS. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:1843-51. [PMID: 26239050 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d061499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroids are primarily present in human fluids in their sulfated forms. Profiling of these compounds is important from both diagnostic and physiological points of view. Here, we present a novel method for the quantification of 11 intact steroid sulfates in human serum by LC-MS/MS. The compounds analyzed in our method, some of which are quantified for the first time in blood, include cholesterol sulfate, pregnenolone sulfate, 17-hydroxy-pregnenolone sulfate, 16-α-hydroxy-dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androstenediol sulfate, androsterone sulfate, epiandrosterone sulfate, testosterone sulfate, epitestosterone sulfate, and dihydrotestosterone sulfate. The assay was conceived to quantify sulfated steroids in a broad range of concentrations, requiring only 300 μl of serum. The method has been validated and its performance was studied at three quality controls, selected for each compound according to its physiological concentration. The assay showed good linearity (R(2) > 0.99) and recovery for all the compounds, with limits of quantification ranging between 1 and 80 ng/ml. Averaged intra-day and between-day precisions (coefficient of variation) and accuracies (relative errors) were below 10%. The method has been successfully applied to study the sulfated steroidome in diseases such as steroid sulfatase deficiency, proving its diagnostic value. This is, to our best knowledge, the most comprehensive method available for the quantification of sulfated steroids in human blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Sánchez-Guijo
- Steroid Research and Mass Spectrometry Unit, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Vinzenz Oji
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michaela F Hartmann
- Steroid Research and Mass Spectrometry Unit, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Heiko Traupe
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan A Wudy
- Steroid Research and Mass Spectrometry Unit, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Sharma R, Agarwal A, Rohra VK, Assidi M, Abu-Elmagd M, Turki RF. Effects of increased paternal age on sperm quality, reproductive outcome and associated epigenetic risks to offspring. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2015; 13:35. [PMID: 25928123 PMCID: PMC4455614 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-015-0028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, there has been a significant increase in average paternal age when the first child is conceived, either due to increased life expectancy, widespread use of contraception, late marriages and other factors. While the effect of maternal ageing on fertilization and reproduction is well known and several studies have shown that women over 35 years have a higher risk of infertility, pregnancy complications, spontaneous abortion, congenital anomalies, and perinatal complications. The effect of paternal age on semen quality and reproductive function is controversial for several reasons. First, there is no universal definition for advanced paternal ageing. Secondly, the literature is full of studies with conflicting results, especially for the most common parameters tested. Advancing paternal age also has been associated with increased risk of genetic disease. Our exhaustive literature review has demonstrated negative effects on sperm quality and testicular functions with increasing paternal age. Epigenetics changes, DNA mutations along with chromosomal aneuploidies have been associated with increasing paternal age. In addition to increased risk of male infertility, paternal age has also been demonstrated to impact reproductive and fertility outcomes including a decrease in IVF/ICSI success rate and increasing rate of preterm birth. Increasing paternal age has shown to increase the incidence of different types of disorders like autism, schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, and childhood leukemia in the progeny. It is thereby essential to educate the infertile couples on the disturbing links between increased paternal age and rising disorders in their offspring, to better counsel them during their reproductive years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Sharma
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Vikram K Rohra
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Mourad Assidi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- KACST Technology Innovation Center in Personalized Medicine at King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Abu-Elmagd
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- KACST Technology Innovation Center in Personalized Medicine at King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rola F Turki
- KACST Technology Innovation Center in Personalized Medicine at King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Beyazyüz M, Albayrak Y, Beyazyüz E, Unsal C, Göka E. Increased serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in the first episode but not in subsequent episodes in male patients with schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2014; 10:687-93. [PMID: 24812513 PMCID: PMC4011925 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s61406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have investigated the relationship between blood levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate ester (DHEA-S), cortisol, progesterone, and testosterone and the onset, prognosis, symptom severity, and treatment response of schizophrenia. In the present study, we assessed potential differences in blood levels of neurosteroids between drug-naïve first-episode patients with schizophrenia (FES), and drug-free patients with schizophrenia who were not in the first episode but were in a phase of acute exacerbation (DFP). MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study included 32 male FES, 28 male DFP, and 24 male healthy controls (HC). Groups were compared in terms of blood levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, testosterone, progesterone, and DHEA-S. RESULTS Blood levels of ACTH, cortisol, testosterone, and progesterone were similar among the groups. The mean value of serum DHEA-S was significantly different among the groups (P<0.001). The value of serum DHEA-S was higher in the FES group than in the DFP and HC groups (both P<0.001). The mean values of serum DHEA-S in the HC and DFP groups were found to be similar (P=0.33). CONCLUSION We suggest that higher values of DHEA-S in the FES group compared with both the DFP and HC groups indicate that this neurosteroid response is unique to first-episode schizophrenia patients. Further studies are needed to investigate the difference in blood levels of neurosteroids in different groups in terms of age of diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Beyazyüz
- Department of Psychiatry, Gölbaşı Hasvak State Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yakup Albayrak
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Elmas Beyazyüz
- Department of Psychiatry, Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cüneyt Unsal
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Erol Göka
- Department of Psychiatry, Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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18
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Sorwell KG, Kohama SG, Urbanski HF. Testosterone increases circulating dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels in the male rhesus macaque. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:101. [PMID: 25009533 PMCID: PMC4070064 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The adrenal steroid dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate (DHEAS) are two of the most abundant hormones in the human circulation. Furthermore, they are released in a circadian pattern and show a marked age-associated decline. Adult levels of DHEA and DHEAS are significantly higher in males than in females, but the reason for this sexual dimorphism is unclear. In the present study, we administered supplementary androgens [DHEA, testosterone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT)] to aged male rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). While this paradigm increased circulating DHEAS immediately after DHEA administration, an increase was also observed following either testosterone or DHT administration, resulting in hormonal profiles resembling levels observed in young males in terms of both amplitude and circadian pattern. This stimulatory effect was limited to DHEAS, as an increase in circulating cortisol was not observed. Taken together, these data demonstrate an influence of the hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular axis on adrenal function in males, possibly by sensitizing the zona reticularis to the stimulating action of adrenocorticopic hormone. This represents a plausible mechanism to explain sex differences in circulating DHEA and DHEAS levels, and may have important implications in the development of hormone therapies designed for elderly men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystina G. Sorwell
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Steven G. Kohama
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Henryk F. Urbanski
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR, USA
- *Correspondence: Henryk F. Urbanski, Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA e-mail:
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Piao YS, Wiesenfeld P, Sprando R, Arnold JT. TGFβ1 alters androgenic metabolites and hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme expression in human prostate reactive stromal primary cells: Is steroid metabolism altered by prostate reactive stromal microenvironment? J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 138:206-13. [PMID: 23770322 PMCID: PMC3839662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory tissue microenvironment can be an active promoter in preneoplastic cancer lesions. Altered steroid hormone metabolism as induced by the inflammatory microenvironment may contribute to epithelial cancer progression. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) is the most abundant endogenous steroid hormone present in human serum and can be metabolized to DHEA, androgens and/or estrogens in peripheral tissues. We have previously reported that TGFβ1-induced reactive prostate stromal cells increase DHEA metabolism to active androgens and alter prostate cancer cell gene expression. While much of the focus on mechanisms of prostate cancer and steroid metabolism is in the epithelial cancer cells, this study focuses on TGFβ1-induced effects on DHEA metabolic pathways and enzymes in human prostate stromal cells. In DHEA-treated primary prostate stromal cells, TGFβ1 produced time- and dose-dependent increases in metabolism of DHEA to androstenedione and testosterone. Also TGFβ1-treated prostate stromal cells exhibited changes in the gene expression of enzymes involved in steroid metabolism including up-regulation of 3β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD), and down-regulation of 17βHSD5, and 17βHSD2. These studies suggest that reactive prostate stroma and the inflammatory microenvironment may contribute to altered steroid metabolism and increased intratumoral androgens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-shang Piao
- Division of Intramural Research, National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Paddy Wiesenfeld
- Division of Toxicology, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, United States
| | - Robert Sprando
- Division of Toxicology, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, United States
| | - Julia T. Arnold
- Division of Intramural Research, National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
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20
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Duggal NA, Upton J, Phillips AC, Hampson P, Lord JM. Depressive symptoms are associated with reduced neutrophil function in hip fracture patients. Brain Behav Immun 2013; 33:173-82. [PMID: 23876747 PMCID: PMC3781604 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hip fracture is a common trauma in older adults with a high incidence of depression, which relates to poorer prognosis including increased risk of infection. Ageing is accompanied by reduced immunity, termed immunesenescence, resulting in increased susceptibility to infection. We examined whether physical trauma (hip fracture) and psychological distress (depressive symptoms) had additive effects upon the aged immune system that might contribute to poor outcomes after injury. Neutrophil function was assessed in 101 hip fracture patients (81 female) 6 weeks and 6 months after injury and 43 healthy age-matched controls (28 female). Thirty eight fracture patients had depressive symptoms at 6 weeks. No difference in neutrophil phagocytosis of Escherichia coli was observed between controls and hip fracture patients, but superoxide production was significantly reduced in hip fracture patients with depressive symptoms compared with patients without symptoms (p=.001) or controls (p=.004) at 6 weeks. Superoxide production improved 6 months following fracture to the level seen in controls. We detected elevated serum cortisol, reduced dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) and an increased cortisol:DHEAS ratio in fracture patients with depressive symptoms compared with patients without depressive symptoms or controls at 6 weeks and 6 months after injury. Serum IL6, TNFα and IL10 were higher among patients with depressive symptoms at 6 weeks. The cortisol:DHEAS ratio and IL6 levels related to depressive symptom scores but not to neutrophil function. In conclusion, depressive symptoms related to poorer neutrophil function after hip fracture, but this was not driven by changes in stress hormone or cytokine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Arora Duggal
- School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jane Upton
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Anna C. Phillips
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Peter Hampson
- School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Janet M. Lord
- School of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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21
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Moriguchi S, Shinoda Y, Yamamoto Y, Sasaki Y, Miyajima K, Tagashira H, Fukunaga K. Stimulation of the sigma-1 receptor by DHEA enhances synaptic efficacy and neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of olfactory bulbectomized mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60863. [PMID: 23593332 PMCID: PMC3620380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is the most abundant neurosteroid synthesized de novo in the central nervous system. We previously reported that stimulation of the sigma-1 receptor by DHEA improves cognitive function by activating calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), protein kinase C and extracellular signal-regulated kinase in the hippocampus in olfactory bulbectomized (OBX) mice. Here, we asked whether DHEA enhances neurogenesis in the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) and improves depressive-like behaviors observed in OBX mice. Chronic treatment with DHEA at 30 or 60 mg/kg p.o. for 14 days significantly improved hippocampal LTP impaired in OBX mice concomitant with increased CaMKII autophosphorylation and GluR1 (Ser-831) phosphorylation in the DG. Chronic DHEA treatment also ameliorated depressive-like behaviors in OBX mice, as assessed by tail suspension and forced swim tests, while a single DHEA treatment had no affect. DHEA treatment also significantly increased the number of BrdU-positive neurons in the subgranular zone of the DG of OBX mice, an increase inhibited by treatment with NE-100, a sigma-1 receptor antagonist. DHEA treatment also significantly increased phosphorylation of Akt (Ser-473), Akt (Ser-308) and ERK in the DG. Furthermore, GSK-3β (Ser-9) phosphorylation increased in the DG of OBX mice possibly accounting for increased neurogenesis through Akt activation. Finally, we confirmed that DHEA treatment of OBX mice increases the number of BrdU-positive neurons co-expressing β-catenin, a downstream GSK-3βtarget. Overall, we conclude that sigma-1 receptor stimulation by DHEA ameliorates OBX-induced depressive-like behaviors by increasing neurogenesis in the DG through activation of the Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Moriguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Shinoda
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yui Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Sasaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kosuke Miyajima
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tagashira
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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22
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Austin ED, Lahm T, West J, Tofovic SP, Johansen AK, MacLean MR, Alzoubi A, Oka M. Gender, sex hormones and pulmonary hypertension. Pulm Circ 2013; 3:294-314. [PMID: 24015330 PMCID: PMC3757824 DOI: 10.4103/2045-8932.114756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Most subtypes of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are characterized by a greater susceptibility to disease among females, although females with PAH appear to live longer after diagnosis. While this "estrogen paradoxȍ of enhanced female survival despite increased female susceptibility remains a mystery, recent progress has begun to shed light upon the interplay of sex hormones, the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension, and the right ventricular response to stress. For example, emerging data in humans and experimental models suggest that estrogens or differential sex hormone metabolism may modify disease risk among susceptible subjects, and that estrogens may interact with additional local factors such as serotonin to enhance the potentially damaging chronic effects of estrogens on the pulmonary vasculature. Regardless, it remains unclear why not all estrogenic compounds behave equally, nor why estrogens appear to be protective in certain settings but detrimental in others. The contribution of androgens and other compounds, such as dehydroepiandrosterone, to pathogenesis and possibly treatment must be considered as well. In this review, we will discuss the recent understandings on how estrogens, estrogen metabolism, dehydroepiandrosterone, and additional susceptibility factors may all contribute to the pathogenesis or potentially to the treatment of pulmonary hypertension, by evaluating current human, cell-based, and experimental model data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D. Austin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tim Lahm
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Occupational, and Sleep Medicine and Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - James West
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stevan P. Tofovic
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anne Katrine Johansen
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, USA
| | - Margaret R. MacLean
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, USA
| | - Abdallah Alzoubi
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Masahiko Oka
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology and Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
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23
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Goncharova ND. Stress responsiveness of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis: age-related features of the vasopressinergic regulation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2013; 4:26. [PMID: 23486926 PMCID: PMC3594837 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2013.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis plays a key role in adaptation to environmental stresses. Parvicellular neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus secrete corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) into pituitary portal system; CRH and AVP stimulate adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) release through specific G-protein-coupled membrane receptors on pituitary corticotrophs, CRHR1 for CRH and V1b for AVP; the adrenal gland cortex secretes glucocorticoids in response to ACTH. The glucocorticoids activate specific receptors in brain and peripheral tissues thereby triggering the necessary metabolic, immune, neuromodulatory, and behavioral changes to resist stress. While importance of CRH, as a key hypothalamic factor of HPA axis regulation in basal and stress conditions in most species, is generally recognized, role of AVP remains to be clarified. This review focuses on the role of AVP in the regulation of stress responsiveness of the HPA axis with emphasis on the effects of aging on vasopressinergic regulation of HPA axis stress responsiveness. Under most of the known stressors, AVP is necessary for acute ACTH secretion but in a context-specific manner. The current data on the AVP role in regulation of HPA responsiveness to chronic stress in adulthood are rather contradictory. The importance of the vasopressinergic regulation of the HPA stress responsiveness is greatest during fetal development, in neonatal period, and in the lactating adult. Aging associated with increased variability in several parameters of HPA function including basal state, responsiveness to stressors, and special testing. Reports on the possible role of the AVP/V1b receptor system in the increase of HPA axis hyperactivity with aging are contradictory and requires further research. Many contradictory results may be due to age and species differences in the HPA function of rodents and primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda D. Goncharova
- Research Institute of Medical Primatology of Russian Academy of Medical SciencesSochi, Russia
- Sochi State UniversitySochi, Russia
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24
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Urbanski HF, Mattison JA, Roth GS, Ingram DK. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) as an endocrine marker of aging in calorie restriction studies. Exp Gerontol 2013; 48:1136-9. [PMID: 23318475 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The adrenal steroid, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), is generally regarded as being a reliable endocrine marker of aging, because in humans and nonhuman primates its circulating concentrations are very high during young adulthood, and the concentrations then decline markedly during aging. Despite promising results from early studies, we were recently surprised to find that caloric restriction (CR) did little to prevent or delay the decline of DHEAS concentrations in old rhesus macaques. Here we summarize the use of circulating DHEAS concentrations as a biomarker of aging in CR studies and suggest reasons for its limited value. Although DHEAS can reliably predict aging in animals maintained on a standard diet, dietary manipulations may affect liver enzymes involved in the metabolism of steroid hormones. Consequently, in CR studies the reliability of using DHEAS as a biomarker of aging may be compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henryk F Urbanski
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA.
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Weiss EP, Villareal DT, Ehsani AA, Fontana L, Holloszy JO. Dehydroepiandrosterone replacement therapy in older adults improves indices of arterial stiffness. Aging Cell 2012; 11:876-84. [PMID: 22712469 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2012.00852.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) concentrations decrease approximately 80% between ages 25 and 75 year. Aging also results in an increase in arterial stiffness, which is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and mortality. Therefore, it is conceivable that DHEA replacement in older adults could reduce arterial stiffness. We sought to determine whether DHEA replacement therapy in older adults reduces carotid augmentation index (AI) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) as indices of arterial stiffness. A randomized, double-blind trial was conducted to study the effects of 50 mg day(-1) DHEA replacement on AI (n = 92) and PWV (n = 51) in women and men aged 65-75 year. Inflammatory cytokines and sex hormones were measured in fasting serum. AI decreased in the DHEA group, but not in the placebo group (difference between groups, -6 ± 2 AI units, P = 0.002). Pulse wave velocity also decreased (difference between groups, -3.5 ± 1.0 m s(-1), P = 0.001); however, after adjusting for baseline values, the between-group comparison became nonsignificant (P = 0.20). The reductions in AI and PWV were accompanied by decreases in inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α and IL-6, P < 0.05) and correlated with increases in serum DHEAS (r = -0.31 and -0.37, respectively, P < 0.05). The reductions in AI also correlated with free testosterone index (r = -0.23, P = 0.03). In conclusion, DHEA replacement in elderly men and women improves indices of arterial stiffness. Arterial stiffness increases with age and is an independent risk factor for CVD. Therefore, the improvements observed in this study suggest that DHEA replacement might partly reverse arterial aging and reduce CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward P Weiss
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Administration of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) increases serum levels of androgens and estrogens but does not enhance short-term memory in post-menopausal women. Brain Res 2012; 1483:54-62. [PMID: 22985672 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The current study examines the effect of administering dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on short-term memory. This experiment used a double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over design to explore the effects of a four week regimen of 50 mg oral DHEA on performance on the digit span, verbal span, and modified Sternberg (Oberauer) tasks. The results demonstrate that the current regimen of drug administration significantly increases serum levels of DHEA, DHEAS, testosterone and estrone and substantially alters the patterns of correlations among the serum levels of these hormones. Despite this substantial change in the hormonal milieu, DHEA administration produced no beneficial effects on cognitive performance in the digit span, verbal span, or modified Sternberg paradigm tasks. Ancillary analyses of the relation between hormone levels and cognitive performance demonstrated a strong positive correlation between DHEA levels and performance on digit span forward/backward and verbal span forward in the placebo drug condition, but not in the DHEA condition. We interpret the juxtaposition of the null results of DHEA administration and the correlation of DHEA levels and performance in the placebo condition to indicate that the referenced correlations arise because a third variable (i.e., age) is associated with both performance and DHEA levels. Additional analyses supported this hypothesis.
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Yau JLW, Seckl JR. Local amplification of glucocorticoids in the aging brain and impaired spatial memory. Front Aging Neurosci 2012; 4:24. [PMID: 22952463 PMCID: PMC3430012 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2012.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is a prime target for glucocorticoids (GCs) and a brain structure particularly vulnerable to aging. Prolonged exposure to excess GCs compromises hippocampal electrophysiology, structure, and function. Blood GC levels tend to increase with aging and correlate with impaired spatial memory in aging rodents and humans. The magnitude of GC action within tissues depends not only on levels of steroid hormone that enter the cells from the periphery and the density of intracellular receptors but also on the local metabolism of GCs by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (11β-HSD). The predominant isozyme in the adult brain, 11β-HSD1, locally regenerates active GCs from inert 11-keto forms thus amplifying GC levels within specific target cells including in the hippocampus and cortex. Aging associates with elevated hippocampal and neocortical 11β-HSD1 and impaired spatial learning while deficiency of 11β-HSD1 in knockout (KO) mice prevents the emergence of cognitive decline with age. Furthermore, short-term pharmacological inhibition of 11β-HSD1 in already aged mice reverses spatial memory impairments. Here, we review research findings that support a key role for GCs with special emphasis on their intracellular regulation by 11β-HSD1 in the emergence of spatial memory deficits with aging, and discuss the use of 11β-HSD1 inhibitors as a promising novel treatment in ameliorating/improving age-related memory impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce L W Yau
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology and Endocrinology Unit, Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh, UK
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Sztefko K, Szybowska P. Interpretation of hormone levels in older patients: points for consideration. Int J Endocrinol 2012; 2012:712425. [PMID: 22666247 PMCID: PMC3359804 DOI: 10.1155/2012/712425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood hormone and tumor marker concentrations are usually determined by immunochemical methods which are based on an unique reaction between antigen and assay capture antibody. Despite the speed and simplicity of assays performance on automatic immunochemistry platforms, the interpretation of final results requires a deep knowledge of method fallibility. General lack of immunoassays standardization, presence of cross-reacting substances in patient's sample, limitation of free hormones measurement due to abnormal analyte binding protein concentrations, assay interferences due to patient's autoantibodies, and heterophilic antibodies, as well as proper interpretation of very low- and very high-sample analyte levels, are the main points discussed in respect to hormones and tumor markers measurement in geriatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Sztefko
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Wielicka Street 265, 30-663 Kracow, Poland
- *Krystyna Sztefko:
| | - Patrycja Szybowska
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Wielicka Street 265, 30-663 Kracow, Poland
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Stangl B, Hirshman E, Verbalis J. Administration of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) enhances visual-spatial performance in postmenopausal women. Behav Neurosci 2011; 125:742-52. [PMID: 21942436 PMCID: PMC3715689 DOI: 10.1037/a0025151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The current article examines the effect of administering dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on visual-spatial performance in postmenopausal women (N = 24, ages 55-80). The concurrent reduction of serum DHEA levels and visual-spatial performance in this population, coupled with the documented effects of DHEA's androgenic metabolites on visual-spatial performance, suggests that DHEA administration may enhance visual-spatial performance. The current experiment used a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design in which 50 mg of oral DHEA was administered daily in the drug condition to explore this hypothesis. Performance on the Mental Rotation, Subject-Ordered Pointing, Fragmented Picture Identification, Perceptual Identification, Same-Different Judgment, and Visual Search tasks and serum levels of DHEA, DHEAS, testosterone, estrone, and cortisol were measured in the DHEA and placebo conditions. In contrast to prior experiments using the current methodology that did not demonstrate effects of DHEA administration on episodic and short-term memory tasks, the current experiment demonstrated large beneficial effects of DHEA administration on Mental Rotation, Subject-Ordered Pointing, Fragmented Picture Identification, Perceptual Identification, and Same-Different Judgment. Moreover, DHEA administration enhanced serum levels of DHEA, DHEAS, testosterone, and estrone, and regression analyses demonstrated that levels of DHEA and its metabolites were positively related to cognitive performance on the visual-spatial tasks in the DHEA condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Stangl
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, USA
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Heffner KL. Neuroendocrine effects of stress on immunity in the elderly: implications for inflammatory disease. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2011; 31:95-108. [PMID: 21094926 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Age-related changes in immune function leave older adults at risk for a host of inflammatory diseases. Immune-mediated inflammatory processes are regulated by neuroendocrine hormones, including glucocorticoids, dehydroepiandrosterone, and the catecholamines, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. This regulation, however, becomes impaired in older adults in light of age-related changes in endocrine function. Chronic stress shows similarly harmful effects on neuroendocrine and immune function and may, therefore, combine with age to further increase disease risk in older adults. This article highlights evidence for the impact of age and stress on neuroendocrine regulation of inflammatory processes that may substantially increase risk for inflammatory disease at older ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathi L Heffner
- Department of Psychiatry, The Rochester Center for Mind-Body Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, 300 Crittenden Boulevard, Box PSYCH-BPSM, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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Abstract
The endocrinology of the aging male is complex, with multiple hormones along the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular (HPT) axis interacting with one another in feedback. As men age, there is a small and progressive (not precipitous, as in women) decline in several sex hormones, in particular testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone, and related increases in luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and sex hormone-binding globulin. The importance of these changes is wide-ranging because of the ubiquitous role of sex hormones in male physiology. This chapter discusses the endocrinology of the aging male. We provide an overview of the regulation of the HPT axis with an emphasis on the changes that occur with aging and the measurement of gonadal steroids, including hormone pulsatility, within-subject and circadian variations. The difficulties of assessing the symptoms of late-onset hypogonadism are highlighted. There is a comprehensive discussion of the epidemiology of sex hormone changes, including their age associations, prevalence of symptomatic hypogonadism, secular changes, risk factors, and the association of sex hormones with outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre B. Araujo
- Director, Epidemiology, New England Research Institutes, Inc., 9 Galen Street, Watertown, MA 02472, Tel: 617.923.7747 x452, Fax: 617.673.9509,
| | - Gary A. Wittert
- Head, Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Principal Research Scientist, New England Research Institutes, Inc., Phone: +61 882225502, Fax: +61 882233870,
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Goncharova ND, Marenin VY, Oganyan TE. Aging of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in nonhuman primates with depression-like and aggressive behavior. Aging (Albany NY) 2011; 2:854-66. [PMID: 21098884 PMCID: PMC3006027 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated aging of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in female rhesus monkeys that differ in adaptive behavior. Plasma cortisol (F) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) concentrations under basal conditions and under acute psycho-emotional stress were evaluated in blood plasma of young (6-8 years) and old (20-27 years) female rhesus monkeys with various types of adaptive behavior (aggressive, depression-like, and average). We have found that the age-related changes in the HPA axis of monkeys with depression-like behavior were accompanied by the maximal absolute and relative hypercortisolemia under both basal conditions and stress. Moreover, young aggressive monkeys, in comparison with young monkeys of other behavior groups, demonstrated the highest plasma levels of DHEA-S and the lowest molar ratios between F and DHEA-S. Thus, age-related dysfunctions of the HPA axis are associated with adaptive behavior of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda D Goncharova
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Research Institute of Medical Primatology of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Sochi, Adler, Veseloye 1, 354376, Russian Federation.
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Redman LM, Ravussin E. Caloric restriction in humans: impact on physiological, psychological, and behavioral outcomes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 14:275-87. [PMID: 20518700 PMCID: PMC3014770 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The current societal environment is marked by overabundant accessibility of food coupled with a strong trend of reduced physical activity, both leading to the development of a constellation of disorders, including central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension (metabolic syndrome). Prolonged calorie restriction (CR) has been shown to extend both the median and maximal lifespan in a variety of lower species such as yeast, worms, fish, rats, and mice. Mechanisms of this CR-mediated lifespan extension are not fully elucidated, but possibly involve significant alterations in energy metabolism, oxidative damage, insulin sensitivity, inflammation, and functional changes in both the neuroendocrine and sympathetic nervous systems. Here we review some of the major physiological, psychological, and behavioral changes after 6 months of CR in overweight otherwise healthy volunteers. Special emphasis is given to the first completed clinical studies that have investigated the effects of controlled, high-quality energy-restricted diets on both biomarkers of longevity and on the development of chronic diseases related to age in humans. With the incremental expansion of research endeavors in the area of energy or caloric restriction, data on the effects of CR in animal models and human subjects are becoming more accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne M Redman
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808, USA.
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Urbanski HF. Role of circadian neuroendocrine rhythms in the control of behavior and physiology. Neuroendocrinology 2011; 93:211-22. [PMID: 21508622 PMCID: PMC3128131 DOI: 10.1159/000327399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 03/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hormones play a major role in regulating behavior and physiology, and their efficacy is often dependent on the temporal pattern in which they are secreted. Significant insights into the mechanisms underlying rhythmic hormone secretion have been gained from transgenic rodent models, suggesting that many of the body's rhythmic functions are regulated by a coordinated network of central and peripheral circadian pacemakers. Some neuroendocrine rhythms are driven by transcriptional-posttranslational feedback circuits comprising 'core clock genes', while others represent a cyclic cascade of neuroendocrine events. This review focuses on recent data from the rhesus macaque, a non-human primate model with high clinical translation potential. With primary emphasis on adrenal and gonadal steroids, it illustrates the rhythmic nature of hormone secretion, and discusses the impact that fluctuating hormone levels have on the accuracy of clinical diagnoses and on the design of effective hormone replacement therapies in the elderly. In addition, this minireview raises awareness of the rhythmic expression patterns shown by many genes, and discusses how this could impact interpretation of data obtained from gene profiling studies, especially from nocturnal rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henryk F Urbanski
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oreg., USA.
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Allard JB, Duan C. Comparative endocrinology of aging and longevity regulation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2011; 2:75. [PMID: 22654825 PMCID: PMC3356063 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2011.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormones regulate growth, development, metabolism, and other complex processes in multicellular animals. For many years it has been suggested that hormones may also influence the rate of the aging process. Aging is a multifactorial process that causes biological systems to break down and cease to function in adult organisms as time passes, eventually leading to death. The exact underlying causes of the aging process remain a topic for debate, and clues that may shed light on these causes are eagerly sought after. In the last two decades, gene mutations that result in delayed aging and extended longevity have been discovered, and many of the affected genes have been components of endocrine signaling pathways. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on the roles of endocrine signaling in the regulation of aging and longevity in various animals. We begin by discussing the notion that conserved systems, including endocrine signaling pathways, "regulate" the aging process. Findings from the major model organisms: worms, flies, and rodents, are then outlined. Unique lessons from studies of non-traditional models: bees, salmon, and naked mole rats, are also discussed. Finally, we summarize the endocrinology of aging in humans, including changes in hormone levels with age, and the involvement of hormones in aging-related diseases. The most well studied and widely conserved endocrine pathway that affects aging is the insulin/insulin-like growth factor system. Mutations in genes of this pathway increase the lifespan of worms, flies, and mice. Population genetic evidence also suggests this pathway's involvement in human aging. Other hormones including steroids have been linked to aging only in a subset of the models studied. Because of the value of comparative studies, it is suggested that the aging field could benefit from adoption of additional model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B. Allard
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of MichiganAnn Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cunming Duan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of MichiganAnn Arbor, MI, USA
- *Correspondence: Cunming Duan, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Natural Science Building, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. e-mail:
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Cangemi R, Friedmann AJ, Holloszy JO, Fontana L. Long-term effects of calorie restriction on serum sex-hormone concentrations in men. Aging Cell 2010; 9:236-42. [PMID: 20096034 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2010.00553.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) slows aging and consistently reduces circulating sex hormones in laboratory animals. However, nothing is known regarding the long-term effects of CR with adequate nutrition on serum sex-hormone concentration in lean healthy humans. In this study, we measured body composition, and serum total testosterone, total 17-beta-estradiol, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) concentrations in 24 men (mean age 51.5 +/- 13 years), who had been practicing CR with adequate nutrition for an average of 7.4 +/- 4.5 years, in 24 age- and body fat-matched endurance runners (EX), and 24 age-matched sedentary controls eating Western diets (WD). We found that both the CR and EX volunteers had significantly lower body fat than the WD volunteers (total body fat, 8.7 +/- 4.2%; 10.5 +/- 4.4%; 23.2 +/- 6.1%, respectively; P = 0.0001). Serum total testosterone and the free androgen index were significantly lower, and SHBG was higher in the CR group than in the EX and WD groups (P < or = 0.001). Serum 17beta-estradiol and the estradiol:SHBG ratio were both significantly lower in the CR and EX groups than in the WD group (P < or = 0.005). Serum DHEA-S concentrations were not different between the three groups. These findings demonstrate that, as in long-lived CR rodents, long-term severe CR reduces serum total and free testosterone and increases SHBG concentrations in humans, independently of adiposity. More studies are needed to understand the role of this CR-mediated reduction in sex hormones in modulating the pathogenesis of age-associated chronic diseases such as cancer and the aging process itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cangemi
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Koutsari C, Ali AH, Nair KS, Rizza RA, O'Brien P, Khosla S, Jensen MD. Fatty acid metabolism in the elderly: effects of dehydroepiandrosterone and testosterone replacement in hormonally deficient men and women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94:3414-23. [PMID: 19567532 PMCID: PMC2741706 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2009-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Aging, low dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and testosterone are associated with increased adiposity and metabolic risk. Treatment with these hormones may improve these abnormalities. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to determine effects of aging, DHEA, or testosterone replacement on adiposity, meal fat partitioning, and postabsorptive lipolysis. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional, 2-yr, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING The study was conducted in the general community. PATIENTS Elderly women and men (>or=60 yr) with low DHEA sulfate (women and men) and bioavailable testosterone (men) concentrations and young adults. INTERVENTIONS Thirty elderly women each received 50 mg DHEA or placebo daily for 2 yr. Thirty elderly men received 75 mg DHEA, 29 received 5 mg testosterone (patch), and 32 received placebo daily for 2 yr. Thirty young women and 32 young men served as controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES In vivo measures of meal fat storage into sc fat, postabsorptive lipolysis, and regional adiposity at baseline and after treatment. RESULTS At baseline, the elderly had more body fat, greater systemic lipolysis (women, P = 0.0003; men, P < 0.0001) adjusted for resting energy expenditure, greater meal fat oxidation (women, P = 0.026; men, P = 0.0025), and less meal fat storage in sc fat (women, P = 0.0139; men, P= 0.0006). Although testosterone treatment increased meal fat storage into upper- vs. lower-body fat in elderly men, neither hormone affected regional adiposity, meal fat oxidation, or systemic lipolysis. CONCLUSIONS Aging, in the context of low DHEA sulfate (women and men) and bioavailable testosterone (men) concentrations, is associated with changes in meal fat partitioning and postabsorptive lipolysis that are not corrected by DHEA and only partly corrected by testosterone replacement.
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Turan T, Izgi HB, Ozsoy S, Tanrıverdi F, Basturk M, Asdemir A, Beşirli A, Esel E, Sofuoglu S. The effects of galantamine hydrobromide treatment on dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and cortisol levels in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Psychiatry Investig 2009; 6:204-10. [PMID: 20046396 PMCID: PMC2796068 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2009.6.3.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2009] [Revised: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mental fatigue, cognitive disorders, and sleep disturbances seen in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) may be attributed to cholinergic deficit. A functional deficiency of cholinergic neurotransmission may cause the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hypoactivity seen in CFS. Therefore, we investigated the alterations in stress hormones such as cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) in CFS patients before and after 4-week administration of galantamine hydrobromide, a selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, and aimed to investigate whether there are any relationships between the probable hormonal changes and cholinergic treatment. METHODS Basal levels of cortisol and DHEAS were measured in 29 untreated CFS patients who were diagnosed according to Centers for Disease Control (CDC) criteria and in 20 healthy controls. In the patient group, four weeks after 8 mg/d galantamine hydrobromide treatment, cortisol and DHEAS levels were measured again. After the treatment 22 patients who stayed in study were divided into two subgroups as responders and nonresponders according to the reduction in their Newcastle Research Group ME/CFS Score Card (NRG) scores. RESULTS Important findings of this study are lower pre-and post-treatment cortisol levels and in all CFS patients compared to controls (F=4.129, p=0.049; F=4.803, p=0.035, respectively); higher basal DHEAS values and higher DHEAS/cortisol molar ratios which were normalized following four weeks' treatment with 8 mg/d galantamine hydrobromide in the treatment-respondent group (F=5.382, p=0.029; F=5.722, p=0.025, respectively). CONCLUSION The findings of the decrease in basal DHEAS levels and DHEAS/cortisol molar ratios normalizing with galantamine treatment may give some support to the cholinergic deficit hypothesis in CFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayfun Turan
- Department of Psychiatry, Erciyes University Medical School, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hasan Basri Izgi
- Department of Psychiatry, Erciyes University Medical School, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Saliha Ozsoy
- Department of Psychiatry, Erciyes University Medical School, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Fatih Tanrıverdi
- Department of Endocrinology, Erciyes University Medical School, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Basturk
- Department of Psychiatry, Erciyes University Medical School, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Akif Asdemir
- Department of Psychiatry, Erciyes University Medical School, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Aslı Beşirli
- Department of Psychiatry, Erciyes University Medical School, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ertugrul Esel
- Department of Psychiatry, Erciyes University Medical School, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Seher Sofuoglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Erciyes University Medical School, Kayseri, Turkey
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Cappola AR, O'Meara ES, Guo W, Bartz TM, Fried LP, Newman AB. Trajectories of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate predict mortality in older adults: the cardiovascular health study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2009; 64:1268-74. [PMID: 19713299 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glp129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) has been proposed as an antiaging hormone, but its importance is unclear. Assessment of an individual's ability to maintain a DHEAS set point, through examination of multiple DHEAS levels over time, may provide insight into biologic aging. METHODS Using Cox proportional hazard models, we examined the relationship between DHEAS trajectory patterns and all-cause death in 950 individuals aged >or=65 years who were enrolled in the Cardiovascular Health Study and had DHEAS levels measured at three to six time points. RESULTS Overall, there was a slight decline in DHEAS levels over time (-0.013 microg/mL/y). Three trajectory components were examined: slope, variability, and baseline DHEAS. When examined individually, a steep decline or extreme variability in DHEAS levels was associated with higher mortality (p < .001 for each), whereas baseline DHEAS level was not. In adjusted models including all three components, steep decline (hazard ratio [HR] 1.75, confidence interval [CI] 1.32-2.33) and extreme variability (HR 1.89, CI 1.47-2.43) remained significant predictors of mortality, whereas baseline DHEAS level remained unpredictive of mortality (HR 0.97 per standard deviation, CI 0.88-1.07). The effect of trajectory pattern was more pronounced in men than in women. Individuals with both a steep decline and extreme variability in DHEAS levels had a significantly higher death rate than those with neither pattern (141 vs 48 deaths per 1,000 person-years, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS Our data show significant heterogeneity in the individual trajectories of DHEAS levels and suggest that these trajectories provide important biologic information about the rate of aging, whereas the DHEAS level itself does not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne R Cappola
- ScM, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 764 CRB, 415 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Redman LM, Ravussin E. Endocrine alterations in response to calorie restriction in humans. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2009; 299:129-36. [PMID: 19007855 PMCID: PMC3856718 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2008.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2008] [Accepted: 10/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on research involving calorie restriction (CR) in humans and the resulting changes observed in endocrine and neuroendocrine systems. Special emphasis is given to the clinical science studies designed to investigate the effects of controlled, high-quality, energy-restricted diets on both biomarkers of longevity and on the development of chronic diseases of human aging. Prolonged CR has been shown to extend both the median and maximal lifespan in a variety of lower species such as yeast, worms, fish, rats and mice. The biological mechanisms of this lifespan extension via CR are not fully elucidated, but possibly involve significant alterations in energy metabolism, oxidative damage, insulin sensitivity and functional changes in both neuroendocrine and autonomic nervous systems. Most of the difficulty in characterizing the systemic endocrine and neuroendocrine changes with aging and CR is due to the limited capability to collect large and multiple blood samples from small animals, which are usually shorter lived, and hence the most studied. Ongoing studies of prolonged CR in humans are now making it possible to analyze changes in the "biomarkers of aging" to unravel some of the mechanisms of its anti-aging phenomenon. With the incremental expansion of research endeavors in the area of energy restriction, data on the effects of CR in non-human primates and human subjects are becoming more accessible. Detailed analyses from controlled human trials involving long-term CR will allow investigators to link observed alterations from body composition and endocrine systems down to changes in molecular pathways and gene expression, with their possible effects on aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne M Redman
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States.
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Arnold JT, Gray NE, Jacobowitz K, Viswanathan L, Cheung PW, McFann KK, Le H, Blackman MR. Human prostate stromal cells stimulate increased PSA production in DHEA-treated prostate cancer epithelial cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2008; 111:240-6. [PMID: 18621129 PMCID: PMC2570207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2008.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2007] [Revised: 03/05/2008] [Accepted: 06/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is commonly used as a dietary supplement and may affect prostate pathophysiology when metabolized to androgens and/or estrogens. Human prostate LAPC-4 cancer cells with a wild type androgen receptor (AR) were treated with DHEA, androgens dihydrotestosterone (DHT), T, or R1881), and E2 and assayed for prostate specific antigen (PSA) protein and gene expression. In LAPC-4 monocultures, DHEA and E2 induced little or no increase in PSA protein or mRNA expression compared to androgen-treated cells. When prostate cancer-associated (6S) stromal cells were added in coculture, DHEA stimulated LAPC-4 cell PSA protein secretion to levels approaching induction by DHT. Also, DHEA induced 15-fold more PSA mRNA in LAPC-4 cocultures than in monocultures. LAPC-4 proliferation was increased 2-3-fold when cocultured with 6S stromal cells regardless of hormone treatment. DHEA-treated 6S stromal cells exhibited a dose- and time-dependent increase in T secretion, demonstrating stromal cell metabolism of DHEA to T. Coculture with non-cancerous stroma did not induce LAPC-4 PSA production, suggesting a differential modulation of DHEA effect in a cancer-associated prostate stromal environment. This coculture model provides a research approach to reveal detailed endocrine, intracrine, and paracrine signaling between stromal and epithelial cells that regulate tissue homeostasis within the prostate, and the role of the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia T Arnold
- Endocrine Section, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Division of Intramural Research, National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Downs JL, Mattison JA, Ingram DK, Urbanski HF. Effect of age and caloric restriction on circadian adrenal steroid rhythms in rhesus macaques. Neurobiol Aging 2008; 29:1412-22. [PMID: 17420071 PMCID: PMC2585543 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2006] [Revised: 02/06/2007] [Accepted: 03/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Dietary caloric restriction (CR) slows aging, extends lifespan, and reduces the occurrence of age-related diseases in short-lived species. However, it is unclear whether CR can exert similar beneficial effects in long-lived species, like primates. Our objective was to determine if CR could attenuate purported age-related changes in the 24-h release of adrenal steroids. To this end, we examined 24-h plasma profiles of cortisol, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) in young and old, male and female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) subjected to either ad libitum (AL)-feeding or CR (70% of AL) for 2-4 years. Hormone profiles from young monkeys showed pronounced 24-h rhythms. Cortisol concentrations were higher in old males but not females, whereas DHEAS rhythms were dampened with age in both sexes. The cortisol rhythms of old CR males resembled those of young control males. However, CR failed to prevent age-related declines in DHEAS and further dampened DHEAS rhythms in both sexes. Apart from the partial attenuation of the age-related cortisol elevation in the old males, 24-h adrenal steroid rhythms did not benefit from late-onset CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi L. Downs
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon 97006
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Julie A. Mattison
- Laboratory of Experimental Gerontology, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Donald K. Ingram
- Laboratory of Experimental Gerontology, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
- Nutritional Neuroscience and Aging Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808, USA
| | - Henryk F. Urbanski
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon 97006
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
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Abstract
The desire for a long life is deeply embedded in nearly all men. Fortunately life expectancy has remarkably increased over the past decades, on the other hand advancing age is frequently associated with a rise in morbidity. Above simply prolonging life there is a need to search for strategies to improve the quality of life in the elderly. Different substances to prevent premature aging, cancer and degenerative disorders appear to be promising candidates. Since it has been suggested that the decline of different hormones over the lifespan is closely related to the aging process replacement of these hormones may be a strategy against aging. Especially hormones like growth hormone, DHEA, testosterone and melatonin were considered as anti-aging agents. This review is focusing on the theoretical background and the previously known effects of different hormones to slow aging processes. Despite some promising results in a variety of studies conducted over the past years presently available data do not justify the broad use of hormones for anti-aging purposes. However, although no single hormone can be recognized as a 'rejuvenating' and life extending agent, some of their actions may be beneficial for the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Heutling
- Klinik für Nephrologie und Hochdruckkrankheiten, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Deutschland
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Gurnell EM, Hunt PJ, Curran SE, Conway CL, Pullenayegum EM, Huppert FA, Compston JE, Herbert J, Chatterjee VKK. Long-term DHEA replacement in primary adrenal insufficiency: a randomized, controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93:400-9. [PMID: 18000094 PMCID: PMC2729149 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2007-1134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2007] [Accepted: 11/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA sulfate (DHEAS) are the major circulating adrenal steroids and substrates for peripheral sex hormone biosynthesis. In Addison's disease, glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid deficiencies require lifelong replacement, but the associated near-total failure of DHEA synthesis is not typically corrected. OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN In a double-blind trial, we randomized 106 subjects (44 males, 62 females) with Addison's disease to receive either 50 mg daily of micronized DHEA or placebo orally for 12 months to evaluate its longer-term effects on bone mineral density, body composition, and cognitive function together with well-being and fatigue. RESULTS Circulating DHEAS and androstenedione rose significantly in both sexes, with testosterone increasing to low normal levels only in females. DHEA reversed ongoing loss of bone mineral density at the femoral neck (P < 0.05) but not at other sites; DHEA enhanced total body (P = 0.02) and truncal (P = 0.017) lean mass significantly with no change in fat mass. At baseline, subscales of psychological well-being in questionnaires (Short Form-36, General Health Questionnaire-30), were significantly worse in Addison's patients vs. control populations (P < 0.001), and one subscale of SF-36 improved significantly (P = 0.004) after DHEA treatment. There was no significant benefit of DHEA treatment on fatigue or cognitive or sexual function. Supraphysiological DHEAS levels were achieved in some older females who experienced mild androgenic side effects. CONCLUSION Although further long-term studies of DHEA therapy, with dosage adjustment, are desirable, our results support some beneficial effects of prolonged DHEA treatment in Addison's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor M Gurnell
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Applied Medical Statistics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
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Roy A, Hooper DC. Lethal silver-haired bat rabies virus infection can be prevented by opening the blood-brain barrier. J Virol 2007; 81:7993-8. [PMID: 17507463 PMCID: PMC1951307 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00710-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver-haired bat rabies virus (SHBRV) infection induces a strong virus-specific immune response in the periphery of the host, but death is common due to the failure to open the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and deliver immune effectors to central nervous system (CNS) tissues. Mice with an SJL background are less susceptible to lethal infection with rabies viruses. In addition, these animals are known to have reduced hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity and an elevated capacity to mediate CNS inflammatory responses. We show here that approximately one-half of PLSJL mice survive an SHBRV infection that is invariably lethal for 129/SvEv mice. This difference is associated with the elevated capacity of PLSJL mice to mediate BBB permeability changes in response to the infection. The induction of more extensive BBB permeability and CNS inflammation in these animals results in greater virus clearance and improved survival. On the other hand, treatment of SHBRV-infected PLSJL mice with the steroid hormone dehydroepiandrosterone reduced BBB permeability changes and caused greater mortality. We conclude that the infiltration of immune effectors across the BBB is critical to surviving a rabies virus infection and that HPA axis activity may influence this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Roy
- Center for Neurovirology, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust St., JAH 454, Philadelphia, PA 19107-6799, USA
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46
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Genazzani AD, Lanzoni C, Genazzani AR. Might DHEA be considered a beneficial replacement therapy in the elderly? Drugs Aging 2007; 24:173-85. [PMID: 17362047 DOI: 10.2165/00002512-200724030-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) [prasterone] is typically secreted by the adrenal glands and its secretory rate changes throughout the human lifespan. When human development is completed and adulthood is reached, DHEA and DHEA sulphate (DHEAS) [PB-008] levels start to decline so that at 70-80 years of age, peak DHEAS concentrations are only 10-20% of those in young adults. This age-associated decrease has been termed 'adrenopause', and since many age-related disturbances have been reported to begin with the decline of DHEA/DHEAS levels, this provides a potential opportunity for use of DHEA as replacement therapy. For these reasons, use of DHEA as a replacement therapy in aging men and women has been proposed and this paper outlines the reported beneficial effects of such treatment in humans. Many interesting results have been obtained in experimental animals suggesting that DHEA positively modulates most age-related disturbances. However, renewed interest in DHEA has arisen as a result of recent studies suggesting that DHEA appears to be beneficial in hypoandrogenic men as well as in postmenopausal and aging women. Menopause is the event in a woman's life that induces a dramatic change in the steroid milieu, and use of DHEA as 'replacement treatment' has been reported to restore both the androgenic and estrogenic environment and reduce most of the symptoms of this change. As menopause is the beginning of the biological transition of women towards senescence, it is of great interest to better understand how DHEA might help to solve and/or overcome the problems of this complex stage of life. In men with adrenal insufficiency and hypogonadism without androgen replacement, DHEA administration results in a significant increase in circulating androgens. Though most data are suggestive for use of DHEA as hormonal replacement treatment, more defined and specific clinical trials are needed to uncover all of the 'secrets' and features of this steroid before it can be used as a standard treatment. Furthermore, DHEA is perceived differently around the world, being considered only a 'dietary supplement' in the US, while in many European countries it is considered a 'true hormone' that has not been approved for use as a hormonal treatment by the European health authorities. This overview offers some points of view on use of DHEA as an experimental hormonal replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro D Genazzani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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Abstract
Multiple biological and environmental factors impact the life span of an organism. The endocrine system is a highly integrated physiological system in mammals that regulates metabolism, growth, reproduction, and response to stress, among other functions. As such, this pervasive entity has a major influence on aging and longevity. The growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin pathways have been at the forefront of hormonal control of aging research in the last few years. Other hormones, including those from the thyroid and reproductive system have also been studied in terms of life span regulation. The relevance of these hormones to human longevity remains to be established, however the evidence from other species including yeast, nematodes, and flies suggest that evolutionarily well-conserved mechanisms are at play and the endocrine system is a key determinant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly M Brown-Borg
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Therapeutics, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 501 North Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA.
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Basu R, Dalla Man C, Campioni M, Basu A, Nair KS, Jensen MD, Khosla S, Klee G, Toffolo G, Cobelli C, Rizza RA. Two years of treatment with dehydroepiandrosterone does not improve insulin secretion, insulin action, or postprandial glucose turnover in elderly men or women. Diabetes 2007; 56:753-66. [PMID: 17327446 DOI: 10.2337/db06-1504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
To determine if dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) replacement improves insulin secretion, insulin action, and/or postprandial glucose metabolism, 112 elderly subjects with relative DHEA deficiency ingested a labeled mixed meal and underwent a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test before and after 2 years of either DHEA or placebo. Despite restoring DHEA sulphate concentrations to values observed in young men and women, the changes over time in fasting and postprandial glucose concentrations, meal appearance, glucose disposal, and endogenous glucose production were identical to those observed after 2 years of placebo. The change over time in postmeal and intravenous glucose tolerance test insulin and C-peptide concentrations did not differ in men treated with DHEA or placebo. In contrast, postmeal and intravenous glucose tolerance test change over time in insulin and C-peptide concentrations were greater (P < 0.05) in women after DHEA than after placebo. However, since DHEA tended to decrease insulin action, the change over time in disposition indexes did not differ between DHEA- and placebo-treated women, indicating that the slight increase in insulin secretion was a compensatory response to a slight decrease in insulin action. We conclude that 2 years of replacement of DHEA in elderly men and women does not improve insulin secretion, insulin action, or the pattern of postprandial glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Basu
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Yau JLW, Noble J, Graham M, Seckl JR. Central administration of a cytochrome P450-7B product 7 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone improves spatial memory retention in cognitively impaired aged rats. J Neurosci 2006; 26:11034-40. [PMID: 17065445 PMCID: PMC6674665 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3189-06.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnenolone (PREG) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) have been reported to improve memory in aged rodents. In brain, these neurosteroids are transformed predominantly into 7alpha-hydroxylated metabolites by the cytochrome P450-7B1 (CYP7B). The biological role of steroid B-ring hydroxylation is unclear. It has been proposed to generate bioactive derivatives that enhance cognition, immune, and other physiological processes. In support, 7alpha-hydroxylated DHEA increases the immune response in mice with greater potency than the parent steroid. Whether the memory-enhancing effects of PREG in rats is mediated via its 7alpha-hydroxylated metabolite 7alpha-hydroxyPREG is not known. We investigated this by treating memory-impaired aged rats (identified by their spatial memory performances in the Morris water maze task compared with young controls) with 7alpha-hydroxyPREG or PREG administered intracerebroventricularly using osmotic minipumps and then tested the rats during week 2 of steroid treatment in the eight-arm radial-arm version of the water maze (RAWM) that allows repeated assessment of learning. CYP7B bioactivity in hippocampal tissue (percentage conversion of [14C]DHEA to [14C]7alpha-hydroxyDHEA) was decreased selectively in memory-impaired aged rats compared with both young and memory-intact aged rats. 7alpha-hydroxyPREG (100 ng/h) but not PREG (100 ng/h) administration to memory-impaired aged rats for 11 d enhanced spatial memory retention (after a 30 min delay between an exposure trial 1 and test trial 2) in the RAWM. These data provide evidence for a biologically active enzyme product 7alpha-hydroxyPREG and suggests that reduced CYP7B function in the hippocampus of memory-impaired aged rats may, in part, be overcome by administration of 7alpha-hydroxyPREG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce L W Yau
- Endocrinology Unit, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom.
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50
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Villareal DT, Holloszy JO. DHEA enhances effects of weight training on muscle mass and strength in elderly women and men. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2006; 291:E1003-8. [PMID: 16787962 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00100.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The plasma levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfated form (DHEAS) decline approximately 80% between the ages of 25 and 75 yr. Muscle mass and strength also decrease with aging. Published data on the effects of DHEA replacement on muscle mass and strength are conflicting. The goals of this study were to determine whether DHEA replacement increases muscle mass and strength and/or enhances the effects of heavy resistance exercise in elderly women and men. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the effects of 10 mo of DHEA replacement therapy with the addition of weightlifting exercise training during the last 4 mo of the study (DHEA + exercise group, n = 29; placebo + exercise group, n = 27). DHEA alone for 6 mo did not significantly increase strength or thigh muscle volume. However, DHEA therapy potentiated the effect of 4 mo of weightlifting training on muscle strength, evaluated by means of one-repetition maximum measurement and Cybex dynamometry, and on thigh muscle volume, measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Serum insulin-like growth factor concentration increased in response to DHEA replacement. This study provides evidence that DHEA replacement has the beneficial effect of enhancing the increases in muscle mass and strength induced by heavy resistance exercise in elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis T Villareal
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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