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Wang J, Yang S, Zhao L. Association of High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 with Metabolically Unhealthy Phenotype: A Cross Sectional Study. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:81-90. [PMID: 38204988 PMCID: PMC10778153 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s447681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Whether the combination of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and Lipoprotein-associated Phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) was an independent risk factor for metabolic unhealthy is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the association between combining hs-CRP and Lp-PLA2 and metabolic unhealthy. Methods A total of 3198 participants who underwent routine health check-up examinations. The participants completed inflammation indicators (hs-CRP and Lp-PLA2) examination and physical assessments. Four phenotypes were determined according to obesity and metabolic health status. Meanwhile, the participants were divided into four groups according to the level of hs-CRP and Lp-PLA2. The cross-sectional association between hs-CRP, Lp-PLA2 and metabolic unhealthy was tested by logistic regression analysis. Results About 30.48%, 17.35%, 17.32% and 34.83% had MHNO, MUNO, MHO, and MUO, respectively. The combination of the hs-CRP and Lp-PLA2 levels was significantly correlated with metabolic unhealthy in non-obese subjects. However, in obese subjects, only hs-CRP level was significantly correlated with metabolic unhealthy. Conclusion The hs-CRP and Lp-PLA2 together were significantly associated with metabolic unhealthy in non-obese subjects. hs-CRP level was significantly correlated with metabolic unhealthy in obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangang Wang
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, People’s Republic of China
- Health Management Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Saiqi Yang
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, People’s Republic of China
- Health Management Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- Health Management Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, People’s Republic of China
- Health Management Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, People’s Republic of China
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Martins TDO, Ramos RC, Possidonio G, Bosculo MRM, Oliveira PL, Costa LR, Zamboni VAG, Marques MG, de Almeida BFM. Feline obesity causes hematological and biochemical changes and oxidative stress - a pilot study. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:167-177. [PMID: 35778642 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09940-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, an extremely important factor in feline clinical practice, is estimated to affect up to one third of the feline population. Moreover, it can trigger chronic inflammation, which could predispose to oxidative stress by increasing reactive oxygen species, thereby generating potentially irreversible cellular damage. This study analyzed hematological, biochemical and oxidative stress profiles at various degrees of feline obesity. Forty-five cats were selected and divided into three groups: control (n = 17), overweight (n = 13) and obese (n = 15), after clinical and laboratory evaluation and body condition score. Biochemical and oxidative stress analyses were performed using a photocolorimeter and hematological analyses were performed in a veterinary cell counter. Obese cats showed increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV), red cell distribution width (RDW), HDL cholesterol and triglycerides and decreased activity of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) than control cats, although within the reference ranges for the species. As for oxidative stress, obese cats showed higher total antioxidant capacity (TAC), by the inhibition of 2,2'-Azino-Bis-3-Ethylbenzthiazoline-6-Sulfonic Acid (ABTS), inhibition of ABTS associated with horseradish peroxidase (ABTS + HRP), cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods, while overweight cats had a higher TAC-ABTS + HRP and TAC-FRAP than control cats. We conclude that the conditions of natural obesity and overweight in the feline species alter its hematological, biochemical and oxidative stress parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tainara de Oliveira Martins
- Roque Quagliato Veterinary Hospital, University Center of the Integrated Faculties of Ourinhos (Unifio), Rodovia BR 153, km 338, Bairro Água do Cateto, 19909-100, Ourinhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rebecca Cápera Ramos
- Roque Quagliato Veterinary Hospital, University Center of the Integrated Faculties of Ourinhos (Unifio), Rodovia BR 153, km 338, Bairro Água do Cateto, 19909-100, Ourinhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Geovana Possidonio
- Roque Quagliato Veterinary Hospital, University Center of the Integrated Faculties of Ourinhos (Unifio), Rodovia BR 153, km 338, Bairro Água do Cateto, 19909-100, Ourinhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Rachel Melo Bosculo
- Roque Quagliato Veterinary Hospital, University Center of the Integrated Faculties of Ourinhos (Unifio), Rodovia BR 153, km 338, Bairro Água do Cateto, 19909-100, Ourinhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Lima Oliveira
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (FMVA-Unesp), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Leticia Ramos Costa
- Roque Quagliato Veterinary Hospital, University Center of the Integrated Faculties of Ourinhos (Unifio), Rodovia BR 153, km 338, Bairro Água do Cateto, 19909-100, Ourinhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Aquiles Gomes Zamboni
- Roque Quagliato Veterinary Hospital, University Center of the Integrated Faculties of Ourinhos (Unifio), Rodovia BR 153, km 338, Bairro Água do Cateto, 19909-100, Ourinhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcel Gambin Marques
- Roque Quagliato Veterinary Hospital, University Center of the Integrated Faculties of Ourinhos (Unifio), Rodovia BR 153, km 338, Bairro Água do Cateto, 19909-100, Ourinhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Breno Fernando Martins de Almeida
- Roque Quagliato Veterinary Hospital, University Center of the Integrated Faculties of Ourinhos (Unifio), Rodovia BR 153, km 338, Bairro Água do Cateto, 19909-100, Ourinhos, SP, Brazil. .,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (FMVA-Unesp), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
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Dakic T, Jevdjovic T, Vujovic P, Mladenovic A. The Less We Eat, the Longer We Live: Can Caloric Restriction Help Us Become Centenarians? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126546. [PMID: 35742989 PMCID: PMC9223351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Striving for longevity is neither a recent human desire nor a novel scientific field. The first article on this topic was published in 1838, when the average human life expectancy was approximately 40 years. Although nowadays people on average live almost as twice as long, we still (and perhaps more than ever) look for new ways to extend our lifespan. During this seemingly endless journey of discovering efficient methods to prolong life, humans were enthusiastic regarding several approaches, one of which is caloric restriction (CR). Where does CR, initially considered universally beneficial for extending both lifespan and health span, stand today? Does a lifelong decrease in food consumption represent one of the secrets of centenarians’ long and healthy life? Do we still believe that if we eat less, we will live longer? This review aims to summarize the current literature on CR as a potential life-prolonging intervention in humans and discusses metabolic pathways that underlie this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Dakic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.D.); (T.J.); (P.V.)
| | - Tanja Jevdjovic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.D.); (T.J.); (P.V.)
| | - Predrag Vujovic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.D.); (T.J.); (P.V.)
| | - Aleksandra Mladenovic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bul.D. Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence:
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Qin Z, Liu Q, Jiao P, Geng J, Liao R, Su B. Higher Blood Cadmium Concentration Is Associated With Increased Likelihood of Abdominal Aortic Calcification. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:870169. [PMID: 35557529 PMCID: PMC9086707 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.870169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AimsThis study aimed to evaluate the association between blood cadmium concentration (BCC) and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) in adults aged ≥40 years in the United States.MethodsData were obtained from the 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Participants without data about BCC and AAC scores were excluded. BCC was directly measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS). AAC scores were quantified by the Kauppila scoring system, and severe AAC was defined as an AAC score >6. Weighted multivariable regression analysis and subgroup analysis were conducted to explore the independent relationship between cadmium exposure with AAC scores and severe AAC.ResultsA total of 1,530 participants were included with an average BCC of 0.47 ± 0.02 μg/L and AAC score of 1.40 ± 0.10 [mean ± standard error (SE)]. The prevalence of severe AAC was 7.96% in the whole subjects and increased with the higher BCC tertiles (Tertile 1: 4.74%, Tertile 2: 9.83%, and Tertile 3: 10.17%; p = 0.0395). We observed a significant positive association between BCC and the AAC score (β = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.01~0.30) and an increased risk of severe AAC [odds ratio (OR) = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.03~2.04]. Subgroup analysis and interaction tests revealed that there was no dependence for the association between BCC and AAC.ConclusionBlood cadmium concentration was associated with a higher AAC score and an increased likelihood of severe AAC in adults in the United States. Cadmium exposure is a risk factor for AAC, and attention should be given to the management of blood cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Qin
- Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Med+ Biomaterial Institute of West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Med+ Biomaterial Institute of West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengcheng Jiao
- West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiwen Geng
- Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Med+ Biomaterial Institute of West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruoxi Liao
- Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Med+ Biomaterial Institute of West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Baihai Su
- Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Med+ Biomaterial Institute of West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Baihai Su
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Hernandez-Castillo C, Shuck SC. Diet and Obesity-Induced Methylglyoxal Production and Links to Metabolic Disease. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:2424-2440. [PMID: 34851609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The obesity rate in the United States is 42.4% and has become a national epidemic. Obesity is a complex condition that is influenced by socioeconomic status, ethnicity, genetics, age, and diet. Increased consumption of a Western diet, one that is high in processed foods, red meat, and sugar content, is associated with elevated obesity rates. Factors that increase obesity risk, such as socioeconomic status, also increase consumption of a Western diet because of a limited access to healthier options and greater affordability of processed foods. Obesity is a public health threat because it increases the risk of several pathologies, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, and cancer. The molecular mechanisms linking obesity to disease onset and progression are not well understood, but a proposed mechanism is physiological changes caused by altered lipid peroxidation, glycolysis, and protein metabolism. These metabolic pathways give rise to reactive molecules such as the abundant electrophile methylglyoxal (MG), which covalently modifies nucleic acids and proteins. MG-adducts are associated with obesity-linked pathologies and may have potential for biomonitoring to determine the risk of disease onset and progression. MG-adducts may also play a role in disease progression because they are mutagenic and directly impact protein stability and function. In this review, we discuss how obesity drives metabolic alterations, how these alterations lead to MG production, the association of MG-adducts with disease, and the potential impact of MG-adducts on cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Hernandez-Castillo
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Sarah C Shuck
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, United States
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Malesza IJ, Malesza M, Walkowiak J, Mussin N, Walkowiak D, Aringazina R, Bartkowiak-Wieczorek J, Mądry E. High-Fat, Western-Style Diet, Systemic Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota: A Narrative Review. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113164. [PMID: 34831387 PMCID: PMC8619527 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is responsible for recovering energy from food, providing hosts with vitamins, and providing a barrier function against exogenous pathogens. In addition, it is involved in maintaining the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier, crucial for the functional maturation of the gut immune system. The Western diet (WD)—an unhealthy diet with high consumption of fats—can be broadly characterized by overeating, frequent snacking, and a prolonged postprandial state. The term WD is commonly known and intuitively understood. However, the strict digital expression of nutrient ratios is not precisely defined. Based on the US data for 1908–1989, the calory intake available from fats increased from 32% to 45%. Besides the metabolic aspects (hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin system overstimulation, and oxidative stress), the consequences of excessive fat consumption (high-fat diet—HFD) comprise dysbiosis, gut barrier dysfunction, increased intestinal permeability, and leakage of toxic bacterial metabolites into the circulation. These can strongly contribute to the development of low-grade systemic inflammation. This narrative review highlights the most important recent advances linking HFD-driven dysbiosis and HFD-related inflammation, presents the pathomechanisms for these phenomena, and examines the possible causative relationship between pro-inflammatory status and gut microbiota changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Judyta Malesza
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland; (I.J.M.); (J.W.)
| | - Michał Malesza
- Department of Physiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland; (M.M.); (J.B.-W.)
| | - Jarosław Walkowiak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland; (I.J.M.); (J.W.)
| | - Nadiar Mussin
- Department of General Surgery, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe 030012, Kazakhstan;
| | - Dariusz Walkowiak
- Department of Organization and Management in Health Care, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Raisa Aringazina
- Department of Internal Diseases No. 1, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe 030012, Kazakhstan;
| | | | - Edyta Mądry
- Department of Physiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland; (M.M.); (J.B.-W.)
- Correspondence:
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Wu D, Fan Z, Li J, Zhang Y, Wang C, Xu Q, Wang L. Evaluation of Alpha-Ketoglutarate Supplementation on the Improvement of Intestinal Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Response in Songpu Mirror Carp ( Cyprinus carpio) After Infection With Aeromonas hydrophila. Front Immunol 2021; 12:690234. [PMID: 34220849 PMCID: PMC8250152 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.690234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As an intermediate substance of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and a precursor substance of glutamic acid synthesis, the effect of alpha-ketoglutarate on growth and protein synthesis has been extensively studied. However, its prevention and treatment of pathogenic bacteria and its mechanism have not yet been noticed. To evaluate the effects of alpha-ketoglutarate on intestinal antioxidant capacity and immune response of Songpu mirror carp, a total of 360 fish with an average initial weight of 6.54 ± 0.08 g were fed diets containing alpha-ketoglutarate with 1% for 8 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, the fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila for 2 weeks. The results indicated that alpha-ketoglutarate supplementation significantly increased the survival rate of carp after infection with Aeromonas hydrophila (P < 0.05), and the contents of immune digestion enzymes including lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase and the concentration of complement C4 were markedly enhanced after alpha-ketoglutarate supplementation (P < 0.05). Also, appropriate alpha-ketoglutarate increased the activities of total antioxidant capacity and catalase and prevented the up-regulation in the mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) were strikingly increased after infection with Aeromonas hydrophila (P < 0.05), while the TLR4 was strikingly decreased with alpha-ketoglutarate supplementation (P < 0.05). Moreover, the mRNA expression levels of tight junctions including claudin-1, claudin-3, claudin-7, claudin-11 and myosin light chain kinases (MLCK) were upregulated after alpha-ketoglutarate supplementation (P < 0.05). In summary, the appropriate alpha-ketoglutarate supplementation could increase survival rate, strengthen the intestinal enzyme immunosuppressive activities, antioxidant capacities and alleviate the intestinal inflammation, thereby promoting the intestinal immune responses and barrier functions of Songpu mirror carp via activating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and MLCK signaling pathways after infection with Aeromonas hydrophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ze Fan
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jinnan Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Chang'an Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qiyou Xu
- School of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Liansheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
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Oxidative Stress and Low-Grade Inflammation in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Controversies and New Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041667. [PMID: 33562271 PMCID: PMC7915804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is quite complex and different mechanisms could contribute to hyperandrogenism and anovulation, which are the main features of the syndrome. Obesity and insulin-resistance are claimed as the principal factors contributing to the clinical presentation; in normal weight PCOS either, increased visceral adipose tissue has been described. However, their role is still debated, as debated are the biochemical markers linked to obesity per se. Oxidative stress (OS) and low-grade inflammation (LGI) have recently been a matter of researcher attention; they can influence each other in a reciprocal vicious cycle. In this review, we summarize the main mechanism of radical generation and the link with LGI. Furthermore, we discuss papers in favor or against the role of obesity as the first pathogenetic factor, and show how OS itself, on the contrary, can induce obesity and insulin resistance; in particular, the role of GH-IGF-1 axis is highlighted. Finally, the possible consequences on vitamin D synthesis and activation on the immune system are briefly discussed. This review intends to underline the key role of oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation in the physiopathology of PCOS, they can cause or worsen obesity, insulin-resistance, vitamin D deficiency, and immune dyscrasia, suggesting an inverse interaction to what is usually considered.
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Seyedsadjadi N, Grant R. The Potential Benefit of Monitoring Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 10:E15. [PMID: 33375428 PMCID: PMC7824370 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The significant increase in worldwide morbidity and mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) indicates that the efficacy of existing strategies addressing this crisis may need improvement. Early identification of the metabolic irregularities associated with the disease process may be a key to developing early intervention strategies. Unhealthy lifestyle behaviours are well established drivers of the development of several NCDs, but the impact of such behaviours on health can vary considerably between individuals. How can it be determined if an individual's unique set of lifestyle behaviours is producing disease? Accumulating evidence suggests that lifestyle-associated activation of oxidative and inflammatory processes is primary driver of the cell and tissue damage which underpins the development of NCDs. However, the benefit of monitoring subclinical inflammation and oxidative activity has not yet been established. After reviewing relevant studies in this context, we suggest that quantification of oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers during the disease-free prodromal stage of NCD development may have clinical relevance as a timely indicator of the presence of subclinical metabolic changes, in the individual, portending the development of disease. Monitoring markers of oxidative and inflammatory activity may therefore enable earlier and more efficient strategies to both prevent NCD development and/or monitor the effectiveness of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Seyedsadjadi
- Australasian Research Institute, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2076, Australia;
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ross Grant
- Australasian Research Institute, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2076, Australia;
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Sydney Adventist Hospital Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2076, Australia
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Biobaku F, Ghanim H, Monte SV, Caruana JA, Dandona P. Bariatric Surgery: Remission of Inflammation, Cardiometabolic Benefits, and Common Adverse Effects. J Endocr Soc 2020; 4:bvaa049. [PMID: 32775937 PMCID: PMC7402590 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased mortality as a result of several comorbidities which occur in tandem with the obese state. Chronic inflammation is well documented in obesity, and evidence from numerous studies support the notion that the increased inflammation in individuals with obesity accentuates the comorbidities seen in this condition. The remission of comorbidities such as metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurological complications occurs following bariatric procedures. Bariatric surgery significantly reduces mortality and results in remarkable weight loss and reversal in several obesity-related comorbidities. There is indisputable evidence that the resolution of inflammation that occurs after bariatric surgery mitigates some of these comorbidities. With the increasing use of bariatric surgery for the treatment of severe obesity, it is pivotal to elucidate the underlying mechanisms responsible for the notable improvements seen after the procedure. This review summarizes underlying mechanisms responsible for the remission of obesity-related abnormalities and discusses the common adverse effects of bariatric surgery. Well-stratified, large-scale studies are still needed for a proper evaluation of these underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimo Biobaku
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, State University of New York at Buffalo, New York
| | - Husam Ghanim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, State University of New York at Buffalo, New York
| | - Scott V Monte
- Synergy Bariatrics (Erie County Medical Center), Williamsville, NY
| | - Joseph A Caruana
- Synergy Bariatrics (Erie County Medical Center), Williamsville, NY
| | - Paresh Dandona
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, State University of New York at Buffalo, New York
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Banaszczak M, Maciejewska D, Drozd A, Ryterska K, Milc DJ, Raszeja-Wyszomirska J, Wunsch E, González-Muniesa P, Stachowska E. 5-Lipooxygenase Derivatives as Serum Biomarkers of a Successful Dietary Intervention in Patients with NonAlcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56020058. [PMID: 32028646 PMCID: PMC7073509 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56020058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: It was previously shown that a bodyweight reduction among patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) was connected to the lower concentration of arachidonic and linoleic acid derivatives in their blood. We hypothesized that the concentration of these lipids was correlated with the extent of their body mass reduction and, thus, liver steatosis. Methods: We analyzed 68 individuals who completed the dietary intervention. Patients were divided into two groups depending on their body mass reduction (more or less than 7%). Before and after the dietary intervention, all patients had the following measurements recorded: body mass, waist circumference, stage of steatosis, fatty liver index, liver enzymes, lipid parameters, insulin and glucose. Concentrations of lipoxins A4 (LTX A4), hydroxyeicosatetraenoic fatty acids (5(S)-HETE, 12(S)-HETE and 16(S)-HETE), hydroxyoctadecaenoic acids (9(S)-HODE and 13(S)-HODE) and 5-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ETE) were measured in serum samples collected before and after the dietetic intervention using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: Patients who reduced their body mass by more than 7% revealed a significant improvement in their steatosis stage, waist circumference, fatty liver index, triglycerides and cholesterol. Conclusion: A reduction in body mass by more than 7% but not by less than 7% revealed a significant improvement in steatosis stage; waist circumference; fatty liver index; and levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, 5-oxo-ETE and LTXA-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Banaszczak
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (M.B.); (D.M.); (A.D.); (K.R.); (D.J.M.)
| | - Dominika Maciejewska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (M.B.); (D.M.); (A.D.); (K.R.); (D.J.M.)
| | - Arleta Drozd
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (M.B.); (D.M.); (A.D.); (K.R.); (D.J.M.)
| | - Karina Ryterska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (M.B.); (D.M.); (A.D.); (K.R.); (D.J.M.)
| | - Dominika Jamioł Milc
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (M.B.); (D.M.); (A.D.); (K.R.); (D.J.M.)
| | - Joanna Raszeja-Wyszomirska
- Liver and Internal Medicine Unit, Department of General. Transplant and Liver Surgery of the Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ewa Wunsch
- Translational Medicine Group, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Pedro González-Muniesa
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Centre for Nutrition Research, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centre of Biomedical Research Network, ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IDISNA, Navarra’s Health Research Institute, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ewa Stachowska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (M.B.); (D.M.); (A.D.); (K.R.); (D.J.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-91-441-4806
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12
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Association between enteral nutrition support and neurological outcome in patients with acute intracranial haemorrhage: A retrospective cohort study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16507. [PMID: 31712731 PMCID: PMC6848122 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53100-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Association between the amount of enteral nutrition (EN) caloric intake and Glasgow coma scale scores at discharge (GCSdis) in intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) was retrospectively investigated in 230 patients in a single center from 2015 and 2017. GCSdis was used as a dichotomous outcome (≤8 or >8: 56/230 vs. 174/230) and its association with the amount of EN caloric intake within 48 hours was analysed in four logistic models. Model 1 used EN as a continuous variable and showed association with favourable GCSdis (odds ratio [OR], 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.08). Models 2 and 3 categorized EN into two (≤25 and >25 kcal/kg/48 hrs) and three caloric intake levels (≤10, 10~25, and >25 kcal/kg/48 hrs) respectively, and compared them with the lowest level; highest EN level associated with favourable GCSdis in both model 2 (OR, 2.77; 95%CI, 1.25–6.13) and 3 (OR, 4.68; 95%CI, 1.61–13.61). Model 4 transformed EN into four quartiles (Q1-Q4). Compared to Q1, OR increased stepwise from Q2 (OR 1.80, 95%CI 0.59–5.44) to Q4 (OR 4.71, 95%CI 1.49–14.80). Propensity score matching analysis of 69 matched pairs demonstrated consistent findings. In the early stage of ICH, increased EN was associated with favourable GCSdis.
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13
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Metabolic Cytokines at Fasting and During Macronutrient Challenges: Influence of Obesity, Female Androgen Excess and Sex. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112566. [PMID: 31652917 PMCID: PMC6893420 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Scope: Cytokines have pleiotropic functions within the organism and their levels may be influenced by obesity, visceral adiposity and sex hormones. Diet composition may also affect their systemic concentrations during fasting and in the postprandial period. Hence, we studied the influence of sex steroids and obesity on the circulating levels of a panel of metabolic cytokines in the fasting state and after single macronutrient challenges. Methods: On alternate days we submitted 17 women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (9 non-obese, 8 obese), 17 non-hyperandrogenic control women (9 non-obese, 8 obese) and 19 control men (10 non-obese, 9 obese) to isocaloric oral glucose, lipid and protein loads. Serum levels of omentin-1, vaspin, lipocalin-2, adipsin, PAI-1, chemerin, FGF-21 and FGF-23 were determined by Luminex multiplex technology. Results: During fasting, obese patients presented higher levels of PAI-1, chemerin and adipsin but decreased FGF-23 and omentin-1 compared with non-obese subjects. Vaspin showed sexual dimorphism with lower levels in men than women with PCOS and female controls. Following macronutrient ingestion, most metabolic cytokines presented a similar physiological response consisting of a decrease in circulating concentrations, which was inversely associated with the fasting levels of these molecules. Protein intake caused the major postprandial decrease whereas glucose did not significantly reduce PAI-1, FGF-23 and vaspin, and even increased FGF-21. Regardless of the macronutrient administered, vaspin levels showed a larger reduction in non-obese individuals while the decrease in PAI-1 was particularly noticeable in the obese subgroup. The postprandial reductions of omentin-1 and FGF-23 after glucose and protein loads were influenced by obesity. No major differences were found between patients with PCOS and male and female controls. Conclusions: Obesity, but not PCOS or sex, markedly influences metabolic cytokine levels at fasting and after macronutrient ingestion. The observed postprandial decrease in their circulating concentrations might represent a physiological compensatory mechanism against food-induced inflammation and oxidative stress. This mechanism is altered by obesity and is differently modulated by macronutrients, suggesting a larger contribution of glucose to stressful postprandial responses.
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14
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Zhang J, Bao Y, Zhou X, Zheng L. Polycystic ovary syndrome and mitochondrial dysfunction. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2019; 17:67. [PMID: 31420039 PMCID: PMC6698037 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-019-0509-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent hormonal disorder of premenopausal women worldwide and is characterized by reproductive, endocrine, and metabolic abnormalities. The clinical manifestations of PCOS include oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea, hyperandrogenism, ovarian polycystic changes, and infertility. Women with PCOS are at an increased risk of suffering from type 2 diabetes; me\tabolic syndrome; cardiovascular events, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia; gynecological diseases, including infertility, endometrial dysplasia, endometrial cancer, and ovarian malignant tumors; pregnancy complications, such as premature birth, low birthweight, and eclampsia; and emotional and mental disorders in the future. Although numerous studies have focused on PCOS, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of this disease remain unclear. Mitochondria play a key role in energy production, and mitochondrial dysfunction at the cellular level can affect systemic metabolic balance. The recent wide acceptance of functional mitochondrial disorders as a correlated factor of numerous diseases has led to the presupposition that abnormal mitochondrial metabolic markers are associated with PCOS. Studies conducted in the past few years have confirmed that increased oxidative stress is associated with the progression and related complications of PCOS and have proven the relationship between other mitochondrial dysfunctions and PCOS. Thus, this review aims to summarize and discuss previous and recent findings concerning the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshun Zhang
- grid.452829.0Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin China
| | - Yigang Bao
- grid.452829.0Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin China
| | - Xu Zhou
- 0000 0004 1760 5735grid.64924.3dCollege of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin China
| | - Lianwen Zheng
- grid.452829.0Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin China
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15
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Guo X, Tao X, Tong Q, Li T, Dong D, Zhang B, Zhao M, Song T. Impaired AMPK‑CGRP signaling in the central nervous system contributes to enhanced neuropathic pain in high‑fat diet‑induced obese rats, with or without nerve injury. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:1279-1287. [PMID: 31173269 PMCID: PMC6625401 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased sensitivity to pain, including neuropathic pain, but the precise mechanisms are not fully understood. Recent evidence has revealed that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the central nervous system (CNS) regulates the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a principal neurotransmitter of the class C nerve fiber, which serves an important role in initiating and maintaining neuropathic pain. AMPK has been demonstrated to be downregulated in the CNS in obesity. The present study hypothesized that obesity may lead to increased sensitivity to neuropathic pain by downregulating AMPK and upregulating CGRP expression levels in the CNS. Sprague-Dawley rats consuming a high-fat diet (HF) for 12 weeks developed obesity; they exhibited significantly decreased levels of phospho (p)-AMPK and increased CGRP expression levels in the spinal cord (SC) and dorsal root ganglion (DRG), respectively, compared with rats consuming a low-fat (LF) diet. HF-fed rats that underwent spared nerve injury (SNI) also exhibited lower p-AMPK and higher CGRP expression levels in the SC and DRG, compared with the corresponding LF-diet rats. The 50% paw withdrawal threshold (PWT; as measured by Von Frey testing) was significantly lower in HF-fed compared with LF-fed rats, with or without SNI. Through intrathecal treatment, the AMPK activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (AICAR) or the CGRP antagonist CGRP8-37 decreased CGRP expression levels and increased the 50% PWT; however, the AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin augmented CGRP expression levels and further reduced the 50% PWT in HF-fed rats, but not LF-fed rats, with or without SNI. The results indicated that blocking the AMPK-CGRP pathway may enhance neuropathic pain in HF-induced obesity, with or without nerve injury. Targeting AMPK in the CNS may be a novel strategy for the prevention and treatment of obesity-associated neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Guo
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Xueshu Tao
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Qing Tong
- Department of Scientific Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Tiecheng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Daosong Dong
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Bohan Zhang
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Mengnan Zhao
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
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16
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Carreiro MP, Nogueira AI, Ribeiro-Oliveira A. Controversies and Advances in Gestational Diabetes-An Update in the Era of Continuous Glucose Monitoring. J Clin Med 2018; 7:E11. [PMID: 29370080 PMCID: PMC5852427 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes in pregnancy, both preexisting type 1 or type 2 and gestational diabetes, is a highly prevalent condition, which has a great impact on maternal and fetal health, with short and long-term implications. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a condition triggered by metabolic adaptation, which occurs during the second half of pregnancy. There is still a lot of controversy about GDM, from classification and diagnosis to treatment. Recently, there have been some advances in the field as well as recommendations from international societies, such as how to distinguish previous diabetes, even if first recognized during pregnancy, and newer diagnostic criteria, based on pregnancy outcomes, instead of maternal risk of future diabetes. These new recommendations will lead to a higher prevalence of GDM, and important issues are yet to be resolved, such as the cost-utility of this increase in diagnoses as well as the determinants for poor outcomes. The aim of this review is to discuss the advances in diagnosis and classification of GDM, as well as their implications in the field, the issue of hyperglycemia in early pregnancy and the role of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) during pregnancy. We have looked into the determinants of the poor outcomes predicted by the diagnosis by way of oral glucose tolerance tests, highlighting the relevance of continuous glucose monitoring tools, as well as other possible pathogenetic factors related to poor pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina P Carreiro
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brazil.
| | - Anelise I Nogueira
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Ribeiro-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brazil.
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17
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Dandona P, Ghanim H, Chaudhuri A, Mohanty P. Macronutrient intake, insulin secretion, oxidative stress & inflammation: Clinico-pathological implications. Indian J Med Res 2018; 144:645-649. [PMID: 28361814 PMCID: PMC5393072 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1807_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paresh Dandona
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA
| | - Husam Ghanim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA
| | - Ajay Chaudhuri
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA
| | - Priya Mohanty
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA
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18
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Abstract
The ageing trajectory is plastic and can be slowed down by lifestyle factors, including good nutrition, adequate physical activity and avoidance of smoking. In humans, plant-based diets such as the Mediterranean dietary pattern are associated with healthier ageing and lower risk of age-related disease, whereas obesity accelerates ageing and increases the likelihood of most common complex diseases including CVD, T2D, dementia, musculoskeletal diseases and several cancers. As yet, there is only weak evidence in humans about the molecular mechanisms through which dietary factors modulate ageing but evidence from cell systems and animal models suggest that it is probable that better dietary choices influence all 9 hallmarks of ageing. It seems likely that better eating patterns retard ageing in at least two ways including (i) by reducing pervasive damaging processes such as inflammation, oxidative stress/redox changes and metabolic stress and (ii) by enhancing cellular capacities for damage management and repair. From a societal perspective, there is an urgent imperative to discover, and to implement, cost-effective lifestyle (especially dietary) interventions which enable each of us to age well, i.e. to remain physically and socially active and independent and to minimise the period towards the end of life when individuals suffer from frailty and multi-morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona C Malcomson
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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19
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Ikizler TA, Robinson-Cohen C, Ellis C, Headley SAE, Tuttle K, Wood RJ, Evans EE, Milch CM, Moody KA, Germain M, Limkunakul C, Bian A, Stewart TG, Himmelfarb J. Metabolic Effects of Diet and Exercise in Patients with Moderate to Severe CKD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 29:250-259. [PMID: 29038285 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
CKD is steadily increasing along with obesity worldwide. Furthermore, obesity is a proinflammatory risk factor for progression of CKD and cardiovascular disease. We tested the hypothesis that implementation of caloric restriction and aerobic exercise is feasible and can improve the proinflammatory metabolic milieu in patients with moderate to severe CKD through a pilot, randomized, 2×2 factorial design trial. Of 122 participants consented, 111 were randomized to receive caloric restriction and aerobic exercise, caloric restriction alone, aerobic exercise alone, or usual care. Of those randomized, 42% were women, 25% were diabetic, and 91% were hypertensive; 104 started intervention, and 92 completed the 4-month study. Primary outcomes were a change from baseline in absolute fat mass, body weight, plasma F2-isoprostane concentrations, and peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak). Compared with usual care, the combined intervention led to statistically significant decreases in body weight and body fat percentage. Caloric restriction alone also led to significant decreases in these measures, but aerobic exercise alone did not. The combined intervention and each independent intervention also led to significant decreases in F2-isoprostane and IL-6 concentrations. No intervention produced significant changes in VO2 peak, kidney function, or urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio. In conclusion, 4-month dietary calorie restriction and aerobic exercise had significant, albeit clinically modest, benefits on body weight, fat mass, and markers of oxidative stress and inflammatory response in patients with moderate to severe CKD. These results suggest healthy lifestyle interventions as a nonpharmacologic strategy to improve markers of metabolic health in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Alp Ikizler
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, and
| | | | - Charles Ellis
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, and
| | - Samuel A E Headley
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Studies, Springfield College, Springfield, Massachusetts
| | - Katherine Tuttle
- Kidney Research Institute and.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Providence Medical Research Center, Providence Health Care, Spokane, Washington
| | - Richard J Wood
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Studies, Springfield College, Springfield, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth Elspeth Evans
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Studies, Springfield College, Springfield, Massachusetts
| | - Charles M Milch
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Studies, Springfield College, Springfield, Massachusetts
| | - Kelsey Anne Moody
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Studies, Springfield College, Springfield, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Germain
- University of Massachusetts School of Medicine, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts; and
| | - Chutatip Limkunakul
- Department of Medicine, Panyananthaphikkhu Chonprathan Medical Center, Srinakharinwirot University, Pakkret, Thailand
| | - Aihua Bian
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Thomas G Stewart
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jonathan Himmelfarb
- Kidney Research Institute and.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Alcala M, Calderon-Dominguez M, Serra D, Herrero L, Ramos MP, Viana M. Short-term vitamin E treatment impairs reactive oxygen species signaling required for adipose tissue expansion, resulting in fatty liver and insulin resistance in obese mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186579. [PMID: 29028831 PMCID: PMC5640231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The use of antioxidant therapy in the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes or obesity remains controversial. Our aim is to demonstrate that antioxidant supplementation may promote negative effects if used before the establishment of oxidative stress due to a reduced ROS generation under physiological levels, in a mice model of obesity. Methods C57BL/6J mice were fed with a high-fat diet for 14 weeks, with (OE group) or without (O group) vitamin E supplementation. Results O mice developed a mild degree of obesity, which was not enough to induce metabolic alterations or oxidative stress. These animals exhibited a healthy expansion of retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (rpWAT) and the liver showed no signs of lipotoxicity. Interestingly, despite achieving a similar body weight, OE mice were insulin resistant. In the rpWAT they presented a reduced generation of ROS, even below physiological levels (C: 1651.0 ± 212.0; O: 3113 ± 284.7; OE: 917.6 ±104.4 RFU/mg protein. C vs OE p< 0.01). ROS decay may impair their action as second messengers, which could account for the reduced adipocyte differentiation, lipid transport and adipogenesis compared to the O group. Together, these processes limited the expansion of this fat pad and as a consequence, lipid flux shifted towards the liver, causing steatosis and hepatomegaly, which may contribute to the marked insulin resistance. Conclusions This study provides in vivo evidence for the role of ROS as second messengers in adipogenesis, lipid metabolism and insulin signaling. Reducing ROS generation below physiological levels when the oxidative process has not yet been established may be the cause of the controversial results obtained by antioxidant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Alcala
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Calderon-Dominguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolors Serra
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria P. Ramos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Viana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Melatonin Supplementation Lowers Oxidative Stress and Regulates Adipokines in Obese Patients on a Calorie-Restricted Diet. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:8494107. [PMID: 29142618 PMCID: PMC5632922 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8494107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the major global health problems. Melatonin deficiency has been demonstrated to correlate with obesity. The aim of the study was to estimate the effect of melatonin on oxidative stress and adipokine levels in obese patients on a calorie-restricted diet. Thirty obese patients were supplemented with a daily dose of 10 mg of melatonin (n = 15) or placebo (n = 15) for 30 days with a calorie-restricted diet. Serum levels of melatonin, 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), adiponectin, omentin-1, leptin, and resistin, as well as erythrocytic malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and Zn/Cu-superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, were measured at baseline and after supplementation. Significant body weight reduction was observed only in the melatonin group. After melatonin supplementation, the adiponectin and omentin-1 levels and GPx activities statistically increased, whereas the MDA concentrations were reduced. In the placebo group, a significant rise in the HNE and a drop in the melatonin concentrations were found. The results show evidence of increased oxidative stress accompanying calorie restriction. Melatonin supplementation facilitated body weight reduction, improved the antioxidant defense, and regulated adipokine secretion. The findings strongly suggest that melatonin should be considered in obesity management. This trial is registered with CTRI/2017/07/009093.
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22
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Effects of Weight Reduction After Sleeve Gastrectomy on Metabolic Variables in Saudi Obese Subjects in Aseer Province of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Obes Surg 2017; 27:2005-2014. [PMID: 28224472 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-017-2579-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to investigate the occurrence of oxidative stress, status of protective antioxidants enzymes, inflammatory biomarkers, and some metabolic health variables in the blood and to compare the results between those of the normal controls and obese patients submitted to sleeve gastrectomy-induced weight loss over a 1-year follow-up period. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective study was conducted in Aseer Central Hospital and Abha Private Hospital in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from January 2012 to January 2013 on 50 normal (BMI = 22-25 kg/m2) control subjects and 50 obese (BMI = 45-50 kg/m2) patients. A subset of 20 men and 80 women patients, aged 20-45 years, was included. The systemic blood cell counts were determined by Beckman Coulter UniCel analyzer. The occurrence of oxidative stress, the status of antioxidant enzyme system in the blood, levels of serum hepatic enzymes, cardiovascular risk factors, and serum sodium, potassium, copper, and zinc levels were determined by spectrophotometric procedures. The concentration of TSH and T4 were analyzed by Siemens Immunoassay System. RESULTS Group 1 (Obese: preoperative) This group compared with the normal controls exhibited significant (p < 0.05) increase in inflammatory biomarkers, a significant (p < 0.05) rise in hepatic enzymes, a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in serum total bilirubin. Concentration of serum total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and fasting blood glucose(FBG) were significantly (p < 0.05) increased, but HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly depleted (p < 0.05). Serum urea and creatinine contents were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased. Serum copper and zinc levels were significantly (p < 0.05) increased. Group 2: Sleeve Gastrectomy Surgery (Obese: postoperative) This group compared with the obese group, preoperatively, demonstrated a profound reduction in body weight (-32%) as well as in BMI (-29%). Serum malondialdehyde, a stress index, was significantly (p < 0.001) inhibited and conversely, activities of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase(Cu-Zn SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), and vitamin C, were remarkably (p < 0.001) increased. Furthermore, remarkable improvements in deranged metabolic variables approaching normality were discernible. Inflammatory biomarkers in the blood and hepatic enzymes in serum were significantly (p < 0.001) decreased. Levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, FBG, and HDL-C in serum exhibited significant (p < 0.05) reductions, a reversal toward normality. Serum albumin and total bilirubin concentrations were significantly increased (p < 0.001). Serum sodium, potassium, copper, zinc, and TSH levels were significantly (p < 0.001) decreased. CONCLUSIONS Obesity is a chronic disease of multifactorial origin and resulted in perturbations of whole body metabolism in this study. It is thus likely that this imbalance was associated with an inhibition in protective antioxidants and occurrence of oxidative stress. The staging concept of sleeve gastrectomy is a safe and effective approach with remarkable efficacy in sustaining weight loss and bringing back normal metabolism of variables in tissues over a 1-year follow-up period.
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Saha SK, Lee SB, Won J, Choi HY, Kim K, Yang GM, Dayem AA, Cho SG. Correlation between Oxidative Stress, Nutrition, and Cancer Initiation. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1544. [PMID: 28714931 PMCID: PMC5536032 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inadequate or excessive nutrient consumption leads to oxidative stress, which may disrupt oxidative homeostasis, activate a cascade of molecular pathways, and alter the metabolic status of various tissues. Several foods and consumption patterns have been associated with various cancers and approximately 30-35% of the cancer cases are correlated with overnutrition or malnutrition. However, several contradictory studies are available regarding the association between diet and cancer risk, which remains to be elucidated. Concurrently, oxidative stress is a crucial factor for cancer progression and therapy. Nutritional oxidative stress may be induced by an imbalance between antioxidant defense and pro-oxidant load due to inadequate or excess nutrient supply. Oxidative stress is a physiological state where high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals are generated. Several signaling pathways associated with carcinogenesis can additionally control ROS generation and regulate ROS downstream mechanisms, which could have potential implications in anticancer research. Cancer initiation may be modulated by the nutrition-mediated elevation in ROS levels, which can stimulate cancer initiation by triggering DNA mutations, damage, and pro-oncogenic signaling. Therefore, in this review, we have provided an overview of the relationship between nutrition, oxidative stress, and cancer initiation, and evaluated the impact of nutrient-mediated regulation of antioxidant capability against cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subbroto Kumar Saha
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Soo Bin Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Jihye Won
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Hye Yeon Choi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Kyeongseok Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Gwang-Mo Yang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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Wang X, Asghar M. Protein disulfide isomerase regulates renal AT 1 receptor function and blood pressure in rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 313:F461-F466. [PMID: 28468966 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00580.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The role and mechanism of renal protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) in blood pressure regulation has not been tested before. Here, we test this possibility in Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were treated with PDI inhibitor bacitracin (100 mg·kg-1 ip·day-1 for 14 days), and then blood pressure and renal angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor function were determined in anesthetized rats. Renal AT1 receptor function was determined as the ability of candesartan (an AT1 receptor blocker) to increase diuresis and natriuresis. A second set of vehicle- and bacitracin-treated rats was used to determine biochemical parameters. Systolic blood pressure as well as diastolic blood pressure increased in bacitracin-treated compared with vehicle-treated rats. Compared with vehicle, bacitracin-treated rats showed increased diuresis and natriuresis in response to candesartan (10-µg iv bolus dose) suggesting higher AT1 receptor function in these rats. These were associated with higher renin activities in the plasma and renal tissues. Furthermore, urinary 8-isoprostane and kidney injury molecule-1 levels were higher and urinary antioxidant capacity was lower in bacitracin-treated rats. Renal protein carbonyl and nitrotyrosine levels also were higher in bacitracin- compared with vehicle-treated rats, suggesting oxidative stress burden in bacitracin-treated rats. Moreover, PDI activity decreased and its protein levels increased in renal tissues of bacitracin-treated rats. Also, nuclear levels of Nrf2 transcription factor, which regulates redox homeostasis, were decreased in bacitracin-treated rats. Furthermore, tissue levels of Keap1, an Nrf2 inhibitory molecule, and tyrosine 216-phosphorylated GSK3β protein, an Nrf2 nuclear export protein, were increased in bacitracin-treated rats. These results suggest that renal PDI by regulating Keap1-Nrf2 pathway acts as an antioxidant, maintaining redox balance, renal AT1 receptor function, and blood pressure in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xitao Wang
- Heart and Kidney Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Mohammad Asghar
- Heart and Kidney Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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Ma E, Ingram KH, Milne GL, Garvey WT. F2-Isoprostanes Reflect Oxidative Stress Correlated With Lean Mass and Bone Density but Not Insulin Resistance. J Endocr Soc 2017; 1:436-448. [PMID: 29264499 PMCID: PMC5686621 DOI: 10.1210/js.2017-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: F2-isoprostanes (F2-isoPs) are biomarkers for oxidative stress in humans and have been shown to be elevated in obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Therefore, F2-isoPs are often implicated in oxidative stress contributing to insulin resistance, although this has not been rigorously examined. Objective: To determine whether urinary F2-isoPs are predictive of insulin sensitivity and other clinical metabolic parameters. Participants: Sedentary, weight-stable, nondiabetic adults equilibrated on a standard isocaloric diet. Main Outcome Measures: Insulin sensitivity via hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, urinary F2-isoPs by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Results: No correlation was found between 15-F2t-IsoP nor its major metabolite, 2,3-dinor-5,6-dihydro-15-F2t-IsoP, with insulin sensitivity, even after adjusting for age, race, sex, BMI, and smoking status. 15-F2t-IsoP was also not associated with body fat. However, there was a strong negative correlation between 15-F2t-IsoP and lean body mass (LBM; r = −0.46, P = 0.0001), bone mineral content (BMC; r = −0.58, P < 0.0001), bone mineral density (BMD; r = −0.65, P < 0.0001), and skeletal muscle protein 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE; r = −0.54, P = 0.0239), another marker of oxidative stress. 15-F2t-IsoP was also positively associated with circulating triglycerides and total cholesterol, and increased as a function of age. Conclusions: Urinary 15-F2t-IsoP and its major metabolite are not associated with insulin sensitivity, suggesting the lipid peroxidation process that produces F2-isoPs does not reflect oxidative stress reactions operative in insulin resistance. However, urinary F2-isoPs were negatively correlated with LBM, BMC, BMD, and muscle 4-HNE. Because lean and bone mass decline as a function of biological aging, F2-isoPs may reflect the oxidative stress operative in the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Ma
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Katherine H Ingram
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144
| | - Ginger L Milne
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - W Timothy Garvey
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294.,Department of Medicine, The Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama 35233
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Gedikli S, Ozkanlar S, Gur C, Sengul E, Gelen V. Preventive effects of quercetin on liver damages in high-fat diet-induced obesity. Histol Histopathol 2017. [DOI: 10.7243/2055-091x-4-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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27
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Titz B, Luettich K, Leroy P, Boue S, Vuillaume G, Vihervaara T, Ekroos K, Martin F, Peitsch MC, Hoeng J. Alterations in Serum Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Eicosanoids in Patients with Mild to Moderate Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1583. [PMID: 27657052 PMCID: PMC5037848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking is a major risk factor for several diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To better understand the systemic effects of cigarette smoke exposure and mild to moderate COPD-and to support future biomarker development-we profiled the serum lipidomes of healthy smokers, smokers with mild to moderate COPD (GOLD stages 1 and 2), former smokers, and never-smokers (n = 40 per group) (ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT01780298). Serum lipidome profiling was conducted with untargeted and targeted mass spectrometry-based lipidomics. Guided by weighted lipid co-expression network analysis, we identified three main trends comparing smokers, especially those with COPD, with non-smokers: a general increase in glycero(phospho)lipids, including triglycerols; changes in fatty acid desaturation (decrease in ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and an increase in monounsaturated fatty acids); and an imbalance in eicosanoids (increase in 11,12- and 14,15-DHETs (dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids), and a decrease in 9- and 13-HODEs (hydroxyoctadecadienoic acids)). The lipidome profiles supported classification of study subjects as smokers or non-smokers, but were not sufficient to distinguish between smokers with and without COPD. Overall, our study yielded further insights into the complex interplay between smoke exposure, lung disease, and systemic alterations in serum lipid profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjoern Titz
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products S.A. (Part of Philip Morris International Group of Companies), Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland.
| | - Karsta Luettich
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products S.A. (Part of Philip Morris International Group of Companies), Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland.
| | - Patrice Leroy
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products S.A. (Part of Philip Morris International Group of Companies), Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland.
| | - Stephanie Boue
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products S.A. (Part of Philip Morris International Group of Companies), Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland.
| | - Gregory Vuillaume
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products S.A. (Part of Philip Morris International Group of Companies), Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland.
| | | | - Kim Ekroos
- Zora Biosciences Oy, 02150 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Florian Martin
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products S.A. (Part of Philip Morris International Group of Companies), Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland.
| | - Manuel C Peitsch
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products S.A. (Part of Philip Morris International Group of Companies), Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland.
| | - Julia Hoeng
- Philip Morris International Research and Development, Philip Morris Products S.A. (Part of Philip Morris International Group of Companies), Quai Jeanrenaud 5, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland.
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28
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Mitchell SE, Delville C, Konstantopedos P, Hurst J, Derous D, Green C, Chen L, Han JJD, Wang Y, Promislow DEL, Lusseau D, Douglas A, Speakman JR. The effects of graded levels of calorie restriction: II. Impact of short term calorie and protein restriction on circulating hormone levels, glucose homeostasis and oxidative stress in male C57BL/6 mice. Oncotarget 2016; 6:23213-37. [PMID: 26061745 PMCID: PMC4695113 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Limiting food intake attenuates many of the deleterious effects of aging, impacting upon healthspan and leading to an increased lifespan. Whether it is the overall restriction of calories (calorie restriction: CR) or the incidental reduction in macronutrients such as protein (protein restriction: PR) that mediate these effects is unclear. The impact of 3 month CR or PR, (10 to 40%), on C57BL/6 mice was compared to controls fed ad libitum. Reductions in circulating leptin, tumor necrosis factor-α and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were relative to the level of CR and individually associated with morphological changes but remained unchanged following PR. Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were improved following CR but not affected by PR. There was no indication that CR had an effect on oxidative damage, however CR lowered antioxidant activity. No biomarkers of oxidative stress were altered by PR. CR significantly reduced levels of major urinary proteins suggesting lowered investment in reproduction. Results here support the idea that reduced adipokine levels, improved insulin/IGF-1 signaling and reduced reproductive investment play important roles in the beneficial effects of CR while, in the short-term, attenuation of oxidative damage is not applicable. None of the positive effects were replicated with PR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E Mitchell
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Camille Delville
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Jane Hurst
- Mammalian Behaviour & Evolution Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Davina Derous
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Cara Green
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Luonan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jackie J D Han
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, China
| | - Daniel E L Promislow
- Department of Pathology and Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - David Lusseau
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Alex Douglas
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - John R Speakman
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, China
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Arabi YM, Al-Dorzi HM, McIntyre L, Mehta S. Design of nutrition trials in critically ill patients: food for thought. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 4:186. [PMID: 27275499 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.05.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaseen M Arabi
- 1 King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ; 2 Department of Medicine, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada ; 3 Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Respirology, University of Toronto, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hasan M Al-Dorzi
- 1 King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ; 2 Department of Medicine, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada ; 3 Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Respirology, University of Toronto, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lauralyn McIntyre
- 1 King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ; 2 Department of Medicine, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada ; 3 Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Respirology, University of Toronto, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sangeeta Mehta
- 1 King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ; 2 Department of Medicine, Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada ; 3 Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Respirology, University of Toronto, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is comprised of a cluster of closely related risk factors, including visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, hypertension, high triglyceride, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; all of which increase the risk for the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. A chronic state of inflammation appears to be a central mechanism underlying the pathophysiology of insulin resistance and MetS. In this review, we summarize recent research which has provided insight into the mechanisms by which inflammation underlies the pathophysiology of the individual components of MetS including visceral adiposity, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. On the basis of these mechanisms, we summarize therapeutic modalities to target inflammation in the MetS and its individual components. Current therapeutic modalities can modulate the individual components of MetS and have a direct anti-inflammatory effect. Lifestyle modifications including exercise, weight loss, and diets high in fruits, vegetables, fiber, whole grains, and low-fat dairy and low in saturated fat and glucose are recommended as a first line therapy. The Mediterranean and dietary approaches to stop hypertension diets are especially beneficial and have been shown to prevent development of MetS. Moreover, the Mediterranean diet has been associated with reductions in total and cardiovascular mortality. Omega-3 fatty acids and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α agonists lower high levels of triglyceride; their role in targeting inflammation is reviewed. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and aldosterone blockers comprise pharmacologic therapies for hypertension but also target other aspects of MetS including inflammation. Statin drugs target many of the underlying inflammatory pathways involved in MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine K Welty
- Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
| | - Abdulhamied Alfaddagh
- Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Tarec K Elajami
- Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
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31
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Cho YE, Kim HS, Lai C, Stanfill A, Cashion A. Oxidative stress is associated with weight gain in recipients at 12-months following kidney transplantation. Clin Biochem 2015; 49:237-42. [PMID: 26545907 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Weight gain after kidney transplantation (Tx) is considered a risk factor for poor outcomes. Increased oxidative stress is associated with not only chronic renal disease and Tx, but also obesity and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this pilot study was to test whether oxidative stress is related to weight gain at 12-months after kidney Tx and to obtain preliminary insight into potential mechanisms involved. DESIGN & METHODS Recipients (n=33) were classified into two groups; weight loss and weight gain, based on their weight changes at 12-months post-transplant. Total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) and lipid peroxidation (TBARS) were measured to evaluate oxidative stress from plasma at baseline and 12-months. A secondary data analysis was conducted to identify potential gene regulation. RESULTS Seventeen recipients lost (-6.63±5.52kg), and sixteen recipients gained weight (8.94±6.18kg). TAOC was significantly decreased at 12-months compared to baseline for the total group, however, there was no significant difference between groups at either time point. TBARS was higher in weight gain group, at both time points, and it was significantly higher at 12-months (p=0.012). Gene expression profiling analysis showed that 7 transcripts annotated to reactive oxygen species related genes in adipose tissue were expressed significantly lower in weight gain group at baseline, which might be a negative feedback mechanism to reduce oxidative stress. CONCLUSION These results may indicate that elevated oxidative stress (TBARS) is associated with weight gain after kidney Tx and that incorporating early clinical prevention strategies known to decrease oxidative stress could be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Eun Cho
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, 3 Center Drive, Building 3, Room 5E26, Bethesda, MD 20892-2178, USA.
| | - Hyung-Suk Kim
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, 3 Center Drive, Building 3, Room 5E26, Bethesda, MD 20892-2178, USA.
| | - Chen Lai
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, 3 Center Drive, Building 3, Room 5E26, Bethesda, MD 20892-2178, USA.
| | - Ansley Stanfill
- University of Pittsburgh, 440 Victoria Building, 3500 Victoria St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Ann Cashion
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, 3 Center Drive, Building 3, Room 5E26, Bethesda, MD 20892-2178, USA.
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Lee YK, Lyu ES, Oh SY, Park HR, Ro HK, Heo YR, Hyun T, Choi MK. Daily Copper and Manganese Intakes and Their Relation to Blood Pressure in Normotensive Adults. Clin Nutr Res 2015; 4:259-66. [PMID: 26566521 PMCID: PMC4641988 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2015.4.4.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it has been proposed that trace minerals have anti-oxidative functions and are related to the control of blood pressure, only a limited number of studies directly address the issue. Thus, the purpose of our study was to assess the intake of copper and manganese, which are trace minerals, and to clarify their relation to blood pressure. In a cross-sectional study, the blood pressure of 640 normotensive adults, from 19 to 69 year-old (320 males and 320 females), was measured, and its correlation with the intake of copper and manganese was assessed using a 24-hour dietary recall method. The average value of the blood pressure was 126.4/80.2 mmHg for the males and 117.8/75.8 mmHg for the females. The daily copper intake was 1.3 mg/day for the males and 1.2 mg/day for the females. For manganese, the daily intake was 4.2 mg/day for the males and 4.1 mg/day for the females. Although the copper intake of all subjects showed a positive correlation with the systolic and diastolic blood pressures, there was no significant correlation when the potential confounding factors were adjusted. The manganese intake of the male subjects had a significantly negative correlation with the systolic blood pressure after adjusting for gender, age, body mass index, and energy intake. In conclusion, the daily manganese intake of the normotensitve adults showed a significantly negative correlation with the systolic blood pressure indicating a possibility of a positive effect of manganese on blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Kyung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Eun-Soon Lyu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Se-Young Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Hae-Ryun Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Korea
| | - Hee-Kyong Ro
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Korea
| | - Young-Ran Heo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Taisun Hyun
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Mi-Kyeong Choi
- Division of Food Science, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea
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Cengiz P, Zemlan F, Eickhoff JC, Ellenbogen R, Zimmerman JJ. Increased cerebrospinal fluid cleaved tau protein (C-tau) levels suggest axonal damage in pediatric patients with brain tumors. Childs Nerv Syst 2015; 31:1313-9. [PMID: 25899850 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-015-2705-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine if cerebrospinal fluid/serum cleaved tau protein and CSF 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid levels, reflecting potential biomarkers of overall neuronal injury and lipid peroxidation, respectively, are elevated in brain tumor patients compared with controls. DESIGN This article is a prospective clinical observational study. SETTING This study is conducted at a tertiary-care children's hospital. PATIENTS Our participants are children younger than or equal to 18 years of age undergoing brain tumor surgery. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS During the study period, 26 consecutive patients newly diagnosed with brain tumors who met the inclusion criteria were prospectively enrolled. Baseline cerebrospinal fluid analysis of cleaved tau and 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid were measured in 15 patients. Cerebrospinal fluid cleaved tau and 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid levels were measured in 22 patients for post-surgery days 1 and 3. Serum cleaved tau levels were measured for 20 and 18 patients for post-surgery days 1 and 3, respectively. The presence of a brain tumor significantly increased the baseline cerebrospinal fluid cleaved tau levels but did not affect cerebrospinal fluid 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid levels. Similarly, there was a significant increase in post-surgery day 1 cerebrospinal fluid cleaved tau levels from baseline (p = 0.01) and a trend toward significant decrease in post-surgery day 3 cerebrospinal fluid cleaved tau from day 1 (p = 0.07). 9-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid concentrations remained relatively constant over time with no differences noted between the control and brain tumor patients. There was a trend towards a significant association between cerebrospinal fluid cleaved tau levels and duration of symptoms (p = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS Cerebrospinal fluid cleaved tau levels in children with newly diagnosed brain tumors exhibit markedly elevated cerebrospinal fluid cleaved tau levels, suggesting axonal damage. This axonal injury does not seem to correlate with lipid peroxidation at least when as assessed by cerebrospinal fluid 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid levels. There was no association found between the biomarkers and multiple independent variables obtained at pre- and post-tumor resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Cengiz
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, American Family Children's Hospital, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA,
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Gouveia-Figueira S, Nording ML, Gaida JE, Forsgren S, Alfredson H, Fowler CJ. Serum levels of oxylipins in achilles tendinopathy: an exploratory study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123114. [PMID: 25875933 PMCID: PMC4395257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Linoleic acid-derived oxidation products are found in experimental pain models. However, little is known about the levels of such oxylipins in human pain. In consequence, in the present study, we have undertaken a lipidomic profiling of oxylipins in blood serum from patients with Achilles tendinopathy and controls. Methodology/Principal findings A total of 34 oxylipins were analysed in the serum samples. At a significance level of P<0.00147 (<0.05/34), two linoleic acid-derived oxylipins, 13-hydroxy-10E,12Z-octadecadienoic (13-HODE) and 12(13)-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid (12,13-DiHOME) were present at significantly higher levels in the Achilles tendinopathy samples. This difference remained significant when the dataset was controlled for age, gender and body-mass index. In contrast, 0/21 of the arachidonic acid- and 0/4 of the dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid or docosahenaenoic acid-derived oxylipins were higher in the patient samples at this level of significance. The area under the Receiver-Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve for 12,13-DiHOME was 0.91 (P<0.0001). Levels of four N-acylethanolamines were also analysed and found not to be significantly different between the controls and the patients at the level of P<0.0125 (<0.05/4). Conclusions/Significance It is concluded from this exploratory study that abnormal levels of linoleic acid-derived oxylipins are seen in blood serum from patients with Achilles tendinopathy. Given the ability of two of these, 9- and 13-HODE to activate transient receptor potential vanilloid 1, it is possible that these changes may contribute to the symptoms seen in Achilles tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gouveia-Figueira
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Jamie E. Gaida
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
- Department of Physiotherapy, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sture Forsgren
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section for Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Håkan Alfredson
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Sports Medicine Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christopher J. Fowler
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Lieb DC, Brotman JJ, Hatcher MA, Aye MS, Cole BK, Haynes BA, Wohlgemuth SD, Fontana MA, Beydoun H, Nadler JL, Dobrian AD. Adipose tissue 12/15 lipoxygenase pathway in human obesity and diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E1713-20. [PMID: 24955608 PMCID: PMC4154098 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-4461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a key contributor to chronic inflammation in obesity. The 12/15-lipoxygenase pathway (ALOX) is present in adipose tissue (AT) and leads to inflammatory cascades that are causal for the onset of insulin resistance in rodent models of obesity. OBJECTIVE The pathophysiology of the ALOX 12/15 pathway in human AT is unknown. We characterized the ALOX pathway in different AT depots in obese humans with or without type 2 diabetes (T2D). DESIGN This study includes a cross-sectional cohort of 46 morbidly obese (body mass index >39 kg/m(2)) nondiabetic (n = 25) and T2D (n = 21) subjects. SETTING This study was conducted at Eastern Virginia Medical School (Norfolk, Virginia) in collaboration with Sentara Metabolic and Weight Loss Surgery Center (Sentara Medical Group, Norfolk, Virginia). PATIENTS Twenty-five obese (body mass index 44.8 ± 4.4 kg/m(2)) nondiabetic (hemoglobin A1c 5.83% ± 0.27%) and 21 obese (43.4 ± 4.1 kg/m(2)) and T2D (hemoglobin A1c 7.66% ± 1.22%) subjects were included in the study. The subjects were age matched and both groups had a bias toward female gender. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Expression of ALOX isoforms along with fatty acid substrates and downstream lipid metabolites were measured. Correlations with depot-specific inflammatory markers were also established. RESULTS ALOX 12 expression and its metabolite 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid were significantly increased in the VAT of T2D subjects. ALOX 15A was exclusively expressed in VAT in both groups. ALOX 12 expression positively correlated with expression of inflammatory genes IL-6, IL-12a, CXCL10, and lipocalin-2. CONCLUSIONS ALOX 12 may have a critical role in regulation of inflammation in VAT in obesity and T2D. Selective ALOX 12 inhibitors may constitute a new approach to limit AT inflammation in human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Lieb
- Departments of Internal Medicine (D.C.L., B.K.C., J.L.N.) and Physiological Sciences (J.J.B., M.A.H., M.S.A., B.A.H., A.D.D.) and Graduate Program in Public Health (H.B.), Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507; and Sentara Metabolic and Weight Loss Surgery Center (S.D.W., M.A.F.), Sentara Medical Group, Norfolk, Virginia 23502
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Lee MR, Begum S, Oh DS, Wee AJ, Yun BS, Sung CK. Ameliorating Effect of Mycoleptodonoides aitchisonii on High-fat Diet-induced Obese Mice. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2014; 19:69-74. [PMID: 25054104 PMCID: PMC4103730 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2014.19.2.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the anti-obesity effects of Mycoleptodonoides aitchisonii (MA) in mice fed a high-fat (HF) diet. Two groups were fed either a normal control diet or an HF (45% kcal fat) diet for 12 weeks and three groups were fed an HF diet supplemented with powdered MA (MAP, 1%, 3%, and 5%) for 12 weeks. The anti-obesity effects of MAP supplementation on body weight, fat mass development, and lipid-related markers were assessed. Consumption of an HF diet resulted in increased body weight, serum lipids, relative adipose tissues weight, and liver fat accumulation. However, administration of MAP significantly decreased body weight gain, food intake, food efficiency ratio, hepatic cholesterol level, and adipose tissue weight in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, treatment with MAP significantly reduced the occurrence of fatty liver deposits and steatosis, and inhibited an HF diet-induced increase in adipocyte size. These results suggest that dietary supplementation with MAP exerts anti-obesity effects and indicate that MAP could be used as a functional food to control obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ra Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Shahnaz Begum
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Deuk Sil Oh
- Jeollanam-do Forest Resource Research Institute, Jeonnam 520-833, Korea
| | - An Jin Wee
- Jeollanam-do Forest Resource Research Institute, Jeonnam 520-833, Korea
| | - Byung Sun Yun
- Jeollanam-do Forest Resource Research Institute, Jeonnam 520-833, Korea
| | - Chang Keun Sung
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
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Oxidative stress and metabolic pathologies: from an adipocentric point of view. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:908539. [PMID: 25143800 PMCID: PMC4131099 DOI: 10.1155/2014/908539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a pathological role in the development of various diseases including diabetes, atherosclerosis, or cancer. Systemic oxidative stress results from an imbalance between oxidants derivatives production and antioxidants defenses. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generally considered to be detrimental for health. However, evidences have been provided that they can act as second messengers in adaptative responses to stress. Obesity represents a major risk factor for deleterious associated pathologies such as type 2 diabetes, liver, and coronary heart diseases. Many evidences regarding obesity-induced oxidative stress accumulated over the past few years based on established correlations of biomarkers or end-products of free-radical-mediated oxidative stress with body mass index. The hypothesis that oxidative stress plays a significant role in the development of metabolic disorders, especially insulin-resistance state, is supported by several studies where treatments reducing ROS production reverse metabolic alterations, notably through improvement of insulin sensitivity, hyperlipidemia, or hepatic steatosis. In this review, we will develop the mechanistic links between oxidative stress generated by adipose tissue in the context of obesity and its impact on metabolic complications development. We will also attempt to discuss potential therapeutic approaches targeting obesity-associated oxidative stress in order to prevent associated-metabolic complications.
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Alfaradhi MZ, Fernandez-Twinn DS, Martin-Gronert MS, Musial B, Fowden A, Ozanne SE. Oxidative stress and altered lipid homeostasis in the programming of offspring fatty liver by maternal obesity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 307:R26-34. [PMID: 24789994 PMCID: PMC4080277 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00049.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the maternal nutritional environment during fetal development can influence offspring's metabolic risk in later life. Animal models have demonstrated that offspring of diet-induced obese dams develop metabolic complications, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. In this study we investigated the mechanisms in young offspring that lead to the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Female offspring of C57BL/6J dams fed either a control or obesogenic diet were studied at 8 wk of age. We investigated the roles of oxidative stress and lipid metabolism in contributing to fatty liver in offspring. There were no differences in body weight or adiposity at 8 wk of age; however, offspring of obese dams were hyperinsulinemic. Oxidative damage markers were significantly increased in their livers, with reduced levels of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase-1. Mitochondrial complex I and II activities were elevated, while levels of mitochondrial cytochrome c were significantly reduced and glutamate dehydrogenase was significantly increased, suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction. Offspring of obese dams also had significantly greater hepatic lipid content, associated with increased levels of PPARγ and reduced triglyceride lipase. Liver glycogen and protein content were concomitantly reduced in offspring of obese dams. In conclusion, offspring of diet-induced obese dams have disrupted liver metabolism and develop NAFLD prior to any differences in body weight or body composition. Oxidative stress may play a mechanistic role in the progression of fatty liver in these offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Z Alfaradhi
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - Denise S Fernandez-Twinn
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - Malgorzata S Martin-Gronert
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - Barbara Musial
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail Fowden
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Susan E Ozanne
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
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Development of a murine model of early sepsis in diet-induced obesity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:719853. [PMID: 24967393 PMCID: PMC4054609 DOI: 10.1155/2014/719853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis, a global health issue, is the most common cause of mortality in the intensive care unit. The aim of this study was to develop a new model of sepsis that investigates the impact of prolonged western diet (WD) induced obesity on the response to early sepsis. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed either a high fat WD or normal chow diet (NCD) for 6, 15, or 27 weeks. Septic obese mice at 15 and 27 weeks had significantly lower levels of lung myeloperoxidase (26.3 ± 3.80 U/mg tissue) compared to age matched ad lib (44.1 ± 2.86 U/mg tissue) and diet restricted (63.2 ± 5.60 U/mg tissue) controls. Low levels of lung inflammation were not associated with changes in hepatic cytokines and oxidative stress levels. Obese mice had significantly (P < 0.0001) larger livers compared to controls. Histological examination of the livers demonstrated that WD fed mice had increased inflammation with pronounced fat infiltration, steatosis, and hepatocyte ballooning. Using this model of prolonged exposure to high fat diet we have data that agree with recent clinical observations suggesting obese individuals are protected from sepsis-induced lung injury. This model will allow us to investigate the links between damage to the hepatic microcirculation, immune response, and lung injury.
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Song BC, Joo NS, Aldini G, Yeum KJ. Biological functions of histidine-dipeptides and metabolic syndrome. Nutr Res Pract 2014; 8:3-10. [PMID: 24611099 PMCID: PMC3944153 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2014.8.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid increase in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, which is associated with a state of elevated systemic oxidative stress and inflammation, is expected to cause future increases in the prevalence of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and sugars produces reactive carbonyl species, which, due to their electrophilic nature, react with the nucleophilic sites of certain amino acids. This leads to formation of protein adducts such as advanced glycoxidation/lipoxidation end products (AGEs/ALEs), resulting in cellular dysfunction. Therefore, an effective reactive carbonyl species and AGEs/ALEs sequestering agent may be able to prevent such cellular dysfunction. There is accumulating evidence that histidine containing dipeptides such as carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) and anserine (β-alanyl-methyl-L-histidine) detoxify cytotoxic reactive carbonyls by forming unreactive adducts and are able to reverse glycated protein. In this review, 1) reaction mechanism of oxidative stress and certain chronic diseases, 2) interrelation between oxidative stress and inflammation, 3) effective reactive carbonyl species and AGEs/ALEs sequestering actions of histidine-dipeptides and their metabolism, 4) effects of carnosinase encoding gene on the effectiveness of histidine-dipeptides, and 5) protective effects of histidine-dipeptides against progression of metabolic syndrome are discussed. Overall, this review highlights the potential beneficial effects of histidine-dipeptides against metabolic syndrome. Randomized controlled human studies may provide essential information regarding whether histidine-dipeptides attenuate metabolic syndrome in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeng Chun Song
- Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, 268 Chungwondaero, Chungju, Chungbuk 380-701, Korea
| | - Nam-Seok Joo
- School of Medicine, Ajou University, Gyeonggi 443-749, Korea
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Kyung-Jin Yeum
- Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, 268 Chungwondaero, Chungju, Chungbuk 380-701, Korea
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Baudoin L, Issad T. O-GlcNAcylation and Inflammation: A Vast Territory to Explore. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:235. [PMID: 25620956 PMCID: PMC4288382 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a reversible post-translational modification that regulates the activities of cytosolic and nuclear proteins according to glucose availability. This modification appears to participate in several hyperglycemia-associated complications. An important feature of metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity is the presence of a low-grade chronic inflammation that causes numerous complications. Hyperglycemia associated with the metabolic syndrome is known to promote inflammatory processes through different mechanisms including oxidative stress and abnormally elevated protein O-GlcNAcylation. However, the role of O-GlcNAcylation on inflammation remains contradictory. O-GlcNAcylation associated with hyperglycemia has been shown to increase nuclear factor κB (NFκB) transcriptional activity through different mechanisms. This could contribute in inflammation-associated diabetic complications. However, in other conditions such as acute vascular injury, O-linked N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) also exerts anti-inflammatory effects via inhibition of the NFκB pathway, suggesting a complex regulation of inflammation by O-GlcNAc. Moreover, whereas macrophages and monocytes exposed to high glucose for a long-term period developed a pro-inflammatory phenotype, the impact of O-GlcNAcylation in these cells remains unclear. A future challenge will be to clearly establish the role of O-GlcNAcylation in pro- and anti-inflammatory functions in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Baudoin
- UMR8104, CNRS, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- U1016, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Tarik Issad
- UMR8104, CNRS, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- U1016, INSERM, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Tarik Issad, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Institute Cochin, 22 rue Méchain, Paris 75014, France e-mail:
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Atilgan D, Parlaktas BS, Uluocak N, Erdemir F, Kilic S, Erkorkmaz U, Ozyurt H, Markoc F. Weight loss and melatonin reduce obesity-induced oxidative damage in rat testis. Adv Urol 2013; 2013:836121. [PMID: 24089609 PMCID: PMC3780536 DOI: 10.1155/2013/836121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim. We aimed to evaluate the antioxidant effects of weight loss and melatonin on the obesity-induced oxidative damage in rat testes. Materials and Methods. 28 male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, each consisting of 7 rats: control group (Group 1), obesity group (Group 2), obesity + MLT group (Group 3), and weight loss group (Group 4). Rats were weighed at the beginning and at the end of the study. Bilateral orchiectomy was performed and 5 cc blood samples were obtained from all of the rats. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and protein carbonyl (PC) levels were analysed in the testicular tissues and serum. Spermatogenesis was evaluated with the Johnsen scoring system. Results. The testicular tissue and serum levels of MDA, PC, and SOD activity were increased in the obesity group in comparison to the sham operated group (P < 0.05). Weight loss and melatonin treatment ameliorated MDA, PC, and SOD levels in testicular tissue and serum significantly (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between groups in terms of mean Johnsen score (P = 0.727). Conclusion. Experimentally created obesity caused oxidative stress and both melatonin and weight loss reduced oxidative stress parameters in rat testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dogan Atilgan
- Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, 60100 Tokat, Turkey
| | - Bekir S. Parlaktas
- Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, 60100 Tokat, Turkey
| | - Nihat Uluocak
- Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, 60100 Tokat, Turkey
| | - Fikret Erdemir
- Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, 60100 Tokat, Turkey
| | - Sahin Kilic
- Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Urology, 60100 Tokat, Turkey
| | - Unal Erkorkmaz
- Sakarya University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics and Medical informatics, 54100 Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Ozyurt
- Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, 60100 Tokat, Turkey
| | - Fatma Markoc
- Gaziosmanpasa University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, 60100 Tokat, Turkey
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Kitabchi AE, McDaniel KA, Wan JY, Tylavsky FA, Jacovino CA, Sands CW, Nyenwe EA, Stentz FB. Effects of high-protein versus high-carbohydrate diets on markers of β-cell function, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, proinflammatory cytokines, and adipokines in obese, premenopausal women without diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care 2013; 36:1919-25. [PMID: 23404297 PMCID: PMC3687312 DOI: 10.2337/dc12-1912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effects of high-protein versus high-carbohydrate diets on various metabolic end points (glucoregulation, oxidative stress [dichlorofluorescein], lipid peroxidation [malondialdehyde], proinflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6], adipokines, and resting energy expenditure [REE]) with high protein-low carbohydrate (HP) and high carbohydrate-low protein (HC) diets at baseline and after 6 months of dietary intervention. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We recruited obese, premenopausal women aged 20-50 years with no diabetes or prediabetes who were randomized to HC (55% carbohydrates, 30% fat, and 15% protein) or HP (40% carbohydrates, 30% fat, and 30% protein) diets for 6 months. The diets were provided in prepackaged food, which provided 500 kcal restrictions per day. The above metabolic end points were measured with HP and HC diet at baseline and after 6 months of dietary intervention. RESULTS After 6 months of the HP versus HC diet (12 in each group), the following changes were significantly different by Wilcoxon rank sum test for the following parameters: dichlorofluorescein (-0.8 vs. -0.3 µmol/L, P < 0.0001), malondialdehyde (-0.4 vs. -0.2 μmol/L, P = 0.0004), C-reactive protein (-2.1 vs. -0.8 mg/L, P = 0.0003), E-selectin (-8.6 vs. -3.7 ng/mL, P = 0.0007), adiponectin (1,284 vs. 504 ng/mL, P = 0.0011), tumor necrosis factor-α (-1.8 vs. -0.9 pg/mL, P < 0.0001), IL-6 (-1.3 vs. -0.4 pg/mL, P < 0.0001), free fatty acid (-0.12 vs. 0.16 mmol/L, P = 0.0002), REE (259 vs. 26 kcal, P < 0.0001), insulin sensitivity (4 vs. 0.9, P < 0.0001), and β-cell function (7.4 vs. 2.1, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first report on the significant advantages of a 6-month hypocaloric HP diet versus hypocaloric HC diet on markers of β-cell function, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, proinflammatory cytokines, and adipokines in normal, obese females without diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas E Kitabchi
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
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Savini I, Catani MV, Evangelista D, Gasperi V, Avigliano L. Obesity-associated oxidative stress: strategies finalized to improve redox state. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:10497-538. [PMID: 23698776 PMCID: PMC3676851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140510497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity represents a major risk factor for a plethora of severe diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cancer. It is often accompanied by an increased risk of mortality and, in the case of non-fatal health problems, the quality of life is impaired because of associated conditions, including sleep apnea, respiratory problems, osteoarthritis, and infertility. Recent evidence suggests that oxidative stress may be the mechanistic link between obesity and related complications. In obese patients, antioxidant defenses are lower than normal weight counterparts and their levels inversely correlate with central adiposity; obesity is also characterized by enhanced levels of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species. Inadequacy of antioxidant defenses probably relies on different factors: obese individuals may have a lower intake of antioxidant- and phytochemical-rich foods, such as fruits, vegetables, and legumes; otherwise, consumption of antioxidant nutrients is normal, but obese individuals may have an increased utilization of these molecules, likewise to that reported in diabetic patients and smokers. Also inadequate physical activity may account for a decreased antioxidant state. In this review, we describe current concepts in the meaning of obesity as a state of chronic oxidative stress and the potential interventions to improve redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Savini
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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Fayh APT, Lopes AL, da Silva AMV, Reischak-Oliveira A, Friedman R. Effects of 5 % weight loss through diet or diet plus exercise on cardiovascular parameters of obese: a randomized clinical trial. Eur J Nutr 2012; 52:1443-50. [PMID: 23052625 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-012-0450-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of 5 % weight loss, through diet only or diet plus exercise, on lipid profile, inflammation and endothelial function in obese individuals. METHODS In this randomized clinical trial, 48 obese individuals were randomized to either a diet only group (DI) or a diet and exercise group (DI + EXE). Treatment was maintained until 5 % of the initial body weight was lost. At baseline and upon completion, the following parameters were analyzed: total cholesterol and fractions, triglycerides, fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and endothelial function (brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation-FMD). RESULTS Thirteen individuals dropped out before completing the weight loss intervention. The median time required for reduction of 5 % of initial body weight was 79.7 days for the DI group and 65.9 days for the DI + EXE group (P = 0.16). In both DI (n = 18) and DI + EXE (n = 17), total cholesterol (-15.8 ± 4.8 and -10.5 ± 4.9 mg/dL, respectively), triglycerides (-33.8 ± 10.0 and -39.4 ± 10.3 mg/dL, respectively) and hs-CRP (-1.35 ± 0.41 and -0.45 ± 0.43 mg/L, respectively) decreased significantly, and in a similar response (repeated measures ANOVA). Weight loss did not change significantly the fibrinogen and FMD in both groups. CONCLUSION A 5 % weight loss improves lipid profile and reduces inflammation in obese individuals. Endothelial function did not change significantly. Weight loss has a significant impact on these cardiovascular risk factors, and this is independent of physical training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Trussardi Fayh
- Endocrine Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Blaak EE, Antoine JM, Benton D, Björck I, Bozzetto L, Brouns F, Diamant M, Dye L, Hulshof T, Holst JJ, Lamport DJ, Laville M, Lawton CL, Meheust A, Nilson A, Normand S, Rivellese AA, Theis S, Torekov SS, Vinoy S. Impact of postprandial glycaemia on health and prevention of disease. Obes Rev 2012; 13:923-84. [PMID: 22780564 PMCID: PMC3494382 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2012.01011.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Postprandial glucose, together with related hyperinsulinemia and lipidaemia, has been implicated in the development of chronic metabolic diseases like obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this review, available evidence is discussed on postprandial glucose in relation to body weight control, the development of oxidative stress, T2DM, and CVD and in maintaining optimal exercise and cognitive performance. There is mechanistic evidence linking postprandial glycaemia or glycaemic variability to the development of these conditions or in the impairment in cognitive and exercise performance. Nevertheless, postprandial glycaemia is interrelated with many other (risk) factors as well as to fasting glucose. In many studies, meal-related glycaemic response is not sufficiently characterized, or the methodology with respect to the description of food or meal composition, or the duration of the measurement of postprandial glycaemia is limited. It is evident that more randomized controlled dietary intervention trials using effective low vs. high glucose response diets are necessary in order to draw more definite conclusions on the role of postprandial glycaemia in relation to health and disease. Also of importance is the evaluation of the potential role of the time course of postprandial glycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition & Toxicology Research and Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - D Benton
- Department of Psychology, University of SwanseaWales, UK
| | - I Björck
- Division of Applied Nutrition and Food Chemistry, Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund UniversityLund, Sweden
| | - L Bozzetto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Federico IINaples, Italy
| | - F Brouns
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition & Toxicology Research and Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, the Netherlands
| | - M Diamant
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical CenterAmsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L Dye
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of LeedsLeeds, UK
| | - T Hulshof
- Kellogg EuropeDen Bosch, the Netherlands
| | - J J Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre of Basic Metabolic Research, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - D J Lamport
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of LeedsLeeds, UK
| | - M Laville
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Rhône-Alpes, Center for European Nutrition, Safety and Health, Centre Hospitalier Lyon SudLyon, France
| | - C L Lawton
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of LeedsLeeds, UK
| | | | - A Nilson
- Division of Applied Nutrition and Food Chemistry, Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Lund UniversityLund, Sweden
| | - S Normand
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Rhône-Alpes, Center for European Nutrition, Safety and Health, Centre Hospitalier Lyon SudLyon, France
| | - A A Rivellese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Federico IINaples, Italy
| | - S Theis
- Südzucker/BENEO GroupObrigheim, Germany
| | - S S Torekov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre of Basic Metabolic Research, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Vinoy
- Kraft Foods, R&D Centre, Nutrition DepartmentSaclay, France
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Letonja MS, Nikolajević-Starčević J, Batista DCB, Osredkar J, Petrovič D. Association of the C242T polymorphism in the NADPH oxidase p22 phox gene with carotid atherosclerosis in Slovenian patients with type 2 diabetes. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:10121-30. [PMID: 22932942 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1886-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. Genetic variations of enzymes producing reactive oxygen species could change their activity, thus contributing to the susceptibility to oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to examine the role of the NADPH oxidase C242T polymorphism in the development of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. 286 diabetic patients and 150 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Carotid atherosclerosis was quantified ultrasonographically as carotid intima-media thickness, plaque score (0-6) and plaque type (1-5). Diabetic patients were divided into low and high risk groups based on ultrasound phenotypes of carotid atherosclerosis. Genotypes were determined by real-time PCR. Levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Diabetic patients demonstrated a statistically significant difference compared to healthy controls in the following parameters: age, BMI, waist circumference, smoking prevalence, glucose, triglyceride and 8-OHdG serum levels. Control subjects had significantly higher levels of HDL, LDL and total cholesterol than diabetics (p < 0.001). The NADPH C242T polymorphism was not related with clinical characteristics, lipid parameters and 8-OHdG serum levels. We found no significant difference in the NADPH genotype distribution between diabetics and controls (p = 0.19) nor between low and high risk subgroups of diabetics (mean CIMT: p = 0.67; plaque score: p = 0.49, plaque type: p = 0.56). In the present study the NADPH C242T polymorphism was not associated with the degree of oxidative stress and carotid atherosclerosis. Further studies will show if it can be used as a genetic marker for carotid atherosclerosis in diabetic patients.
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Ghanim H, Monte SV, Sia CL, Abuaysheh S, Green K, Caruana JA, Dandona P. Reduction in inflammation and the expression of amyloid precursor protein and other proteins related to Alzheimer's disease following gastric bypass surgery. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:E1197-201. [PMID: 22508715 PMCID: PMC3387398 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-3284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with an increase in the incidence and prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and an impaired cognitive function. Because peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) express amyloid precursor protein (APP), the precursor of β-amyloid, which forms the pathognomonic plaques in the brain, we hypothesized that APP expression diminishes after the marked caloric restriction and weight loss associated with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Fifteen type 2 diabetic patients with morbid obesity (body mass index, 52.1 ± 13 kg/m(2)) underwent RYGB, and the expression of inflammatory and AD-related genes was examined before and after 6 months in plasma and in MNC. RESULTS Body mass index fell to 40.4 ± 11.1 kg/m(2) at 6 months after RYGB. There was a significant fall in plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin and in homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance. The expression of APP mRNA fell by 31 ± 9%, and that of protein fell by 36 ± 14%. In addition, there was a reduction in the expression of other AD-related genes including presinilin-2, ADAM-9, GSK-3β, PICALM, SORL-1, and clusterin (P < 0.05 for all). Additionally, the expression of c-Fos, a subunit of the proinflammatory transcription factor AP-1, was also suppressed after RYGB. These changes occurred in parallel with reductions in other proinflammatory mediators including C-reactive protein and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. CONCLUSIONS Thus, the reversal of the proinflammatory state of obesity is associated with a concomitant reduction in the expression of APP and other AD-related genes in MNC. We conclude that obesity and caloric intake modulate the expression of APP in MNC. If indeed, this effect also occurs in the brain, this may have implications for the pathogenesis and the treatment of AD. It is relevant that cognitive function has been shown to improve with weight loss following bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husam Ghanim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, State University of New York at Buffalo and Kaleida Health, Buffalo, New York 14209, USA
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Adamo KB, Ferraro ZM, Brett KE. Can we modify the intrauterine environment to halt the intergenerational cycle of obesity? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2012; 9:1263-307. [PMID: 22690193 PMCID: PMC3366611 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph9041263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Child obesity is a global epidemic whose development is rooted in complex and multi-factorial interactions. Once established, obesity is difficult to reverse and epidemiological, animal model, and experimental studies have provided strong evidence implicating the intrauterine environment in downstream obesity. This review focuses on the interplay between maternal obesity, gestational weight gain and lifestyle behaviours, which may act independently or in combination, to perpetuate the intergenerational cycle of obesity. The gestational period, is a crucial time of growth, development and physiological change in mother and child. This provides a window of opportunity for intervention via maternal nutrition and/or physical activity that may induce beneficial physiological alternations in the fetus that are mediated through favourable adaptations to in utero environmental stimuli. Evidence in the emerging field of epigenetics suggests that chronic, sub-clinical perturbations during pregnancy may affect fetal phenotype and long-term human data from ongoing randomized controlled trials will further aid in establishing the science behind ones predisposition to positive energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi B. Adamo
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; (Z.M.F.); (K.E.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Zachary M. Ferraro
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; (Z.M.F.); (K.E.B.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Kendra E. Brett
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; (Z.M.F.); (K.E.B.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
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