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Redinbaugh MJ, Saalmann YB. Contributions of Basal Ganglia Circuits to Perception, Attention, and Consciousness. J Cogn Neurosci 2024; 36:1620-1642. [PMID: 38695762 PMCID: PMC11223727 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Research into ascending sensory pathways and cortical networks has generated detailed models of perception. These same cortical regions are strongly connected to subcortical structures, such as the basal ganglia (BG), which have been conceptualized as playing key roles in reinforcement learning and action selection. However, because the BG amasses experiential evidence from higher and lower levels of cortical hierarchies, as well as higher-order thalamus, it is well positioned to dynamically influence perception. Here, we review anatomical, functional, and clinical evidence to demonstrate how the BG can influence perceptual processing and conscious states. This depends on the integrative relationship between cortex, BG, and thalamus, which allows contributions to sensory gating, predictive processing, selective attention, and representation of the temporal structure of events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuri B Saalmann
- University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center
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Hein K, Zarate D, Burleigh T, Stavropoulos V. Pixels and perception: Mapping the association between digital media and psychotic-like experiences in adolescents. Compr Psychiatry 2024; 134:152509. [PMID: 38905775 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) during adolescence can lead to psychotic disorders. Digital media usage has been suggested to link to PLEs, but research is limited on how different types of screen exposure may differentially relate to PLEs over time. This study aimed to examine longitudinal associations between screen usage patterns and PLEs in adolescents. METHODS Participants comprised 11,876 adolescents assessed annually from ages 9-12 years as part of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (ABCD). Screen usage (TV, video games, online video, social media, texting, video chat) and PLEs were assessed via self-report. Longitudinal network analysis models were estimated to examine connections between screen usage types and PLEs across three time points. RESULTS Two clusters were formed, including digital media for socializing (e.g., social media/texting/video chat) and digital media for entertainment (e.g., online video/video games/TV). Texting and online video(s) had the highest centrality at each time point, suggesting importance in the network. PLE symptoms of hallucinations and concentration difficulties exhibited higher centrality than other symptoms. Online video and TV were influential bridges between screen usage and PLEs. Network structure significantly differed between ages 9-10 and 10-12 years, but global strength was unchanged over time. DISCUSSION Results highlight the importance of understanding the associations between specific screen usage types and PLE symptoms. Texting and online video usage appear most influential in the development of adolescent PLEs over time. Findings can inform targeted interventions to promote healthy screen habits and reduce PLEs in at-risk youth.
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Murphy J, Zierotin A, Mongan D, Healy C, Susai SR, O'Donoghue B, Clarke M, O'Connor K, Cannon M, Cotter DR. Associations between soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) concentration and psychiatric disorders - A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 120:327-338. [PMID: 38857636 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is some evidence of an association between inflammation in the pathogenesis of mental disorders. Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is a biomarker of chronic inflammation, which provides a more stable index of systemic inflammation than more widely used biomarkers. This review aims to synthesise studies that measured suPAR concentrations in individuals with a psychiatric disorder, to determine if these concentrations are altered in comparison to healthy participants. METHOD Comprehensive literature searches from inception to October 2023 were conducted of five relevant databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, APA PsychInfo). Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to compare the standardised mean difference of blood suPAR levels (i.e. plasma or serum) for individuals with any psychiatric disorder relative to controls. Separate meta-analyses of suPAR levels were conducted for individuals with schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder and depressive disorder. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Post-hoc sensitivity analyses included excluding studies at high risk of bias, and analyses of studies that measured suPAR concentrations either in serum or in plasma separately. RESULTS The literature search identified 149 records. Ten full-text studies were screened for eligibility and 9 studies were included for review. Primary analyses revealed no significant difference in suPAR levels between individuals with any psychiatric disorder compared to controls (k = 7, SMD = 0.42, 95 % CI [-0.20, 1.04]). However, those with depressive disorder had elevated suPAR levels relative to controls (k = 3, SMD = 0.61, 95 % CI [0.34, 0.87]). Similarly, secondary analyses showed no evidence of a significant difference in suPAR levels in individuals with any psychiatric disorder when studies at high risk of bias were excluded (k = 6, SMD = 0.54, 95 % CI [-0.14, 1.22]), but elevated suPAR concentrations for those with schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder were found (k = 3, SMD = 0.98, 95 % CI [0.39, 1.58]). Furthermore, studies that analysed plasma suPAR concentrations found elevated plasma suPAR levels in individuals with any psychiatric disorder relative to controls (k = 5, SMD = 0.84, 95 % CI [0.38, 1.29]), while studies measuring serum suPAR levels in any psychiatric disorder did not find a difference (k = 2, SMD = -0.61, 95 % CI [-1.27, 0.04]). For plasma, elevated suPAR concentrations were also identified for those with schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder (k = 3, SMD = 0.98, 95 % CI [0.39, 1.58]). DISCUSSION When studies measuring either only serum or only plasma suPAR were considered, no significant difference in suPAR levels were observed between psychiatric disorder groups, although significantly elevated suPAR levels were detected in those with moderate to severe depressive disorder. However, plasma suPAR levels were significantly elevated in those with any psychiatric disorder relative to controls, while no difference in serum samples was found. A similar finding was reported for schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder. The plasma findings suggest that chronic inflammatory dysregulation may contribute to the pathology of schizophrenia and depressive disorder. Future longitudinal studies are required to fully elucidate the role of this marker in the psychopathology of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Anna Zierotin
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Mongan
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Colm Healy
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Subash R Susai
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; SFI FutureNeuro Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian O'Donoghue
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Mary Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Dublin, Ireland; DETECT Early Intervention for Psychosis Service, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland
| | - Karen O'Connor
- RISE, Early Intervention in Psychosis Team, South Lee Mental Health Services, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mary Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; SFI FutureNeuro Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David R Cotter
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; SFI FutureNeuro Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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Earl RJ, Ford TC, Lum JAG, Enticott PG, Hill AT. Exploring aperiodic activity in first episode schizophrenia spectrum psychosis: A resting-state EEG analysis. Brain Res 2024; 1840:149052. [PMID: 38844199 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Abnormalities in brain oscillatory patterns have long been observed in schizophrenia and psychotic disorders more broadly. However, far less is known about aperiodic neural activity in these disorders, which has been linked to excitation/inhibition balance and neuronal population spiking within the brain. Here, we analysed resting-state electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings from 43 first episode schizophrenia spectrum psychosis (FESSP) patients and 28 healthy controls to examine whether aperiodic activity is disrupted in FESSP. We further assessed potential associations between aperiodic activity in FESSP and clinical symptom severity using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), and the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS). We found no significant differences in either the 1/f-like aperiodic exponent or the broadband aperiodic offset between the FESSP and healthy control groups when analysing the global neural signal averaged across all EEG electrodes. Bayesian analyses further supported these non-significant findings. However, additional non-parametric cluster-based permutation analyses did identify reduced aperiodic offset in the FESSP group, relative to controls across broad central, temporal, parietal and select frontal regions. No associations were found between either exponent or offset and clinical symptom severity when examining all FESSP participants, irrespective of antipsychotic medication status. However, offset was shown to predict BPRS and SANS scores in medication naive patients. In sum, this research presents an initial analysis of aperiodic neural activity in FESSP, offering preliminary evidence of altered aperiodic offset in this disorder. This contributes to a broader understanding of disrupted neural dynamics in early psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby J Earl
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Talitha C Ford
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia; Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jarrad A G Lum
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Peter G Enticott
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Aron T Hill
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia.
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Sum MY, Wong CTW, Chu ST, Li A, Lee AHT, Chen EYH, Chan SKW. Systematic review and meta-analysis of internalised stigma and stigma resistance in patients with psychosis: The impact of individualism-collectivism culture and other individual factors. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2024; 70:639-652. [PMID: 38279534 DOI: 10.1177/00207640231216924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to meta-analysis the level of internalised stigma experienced by individuals with psychosis worldwide, and the impact of cultural differences, economic status of the studied regions and duration of illness on their levels of internalised stigma. Clinical and individual level factors associated with internalised stigma and stigma resistance were also systematically reviewed. METHODS A systematic search of keywords on two scholarly databases were conducted. The individualism index of the countries or regions where the studies were conducted was retrieved from Hofstede's updated measurement of individualism. Economic status of regions was categorised based on their per capita gross national income. Meta-analysis and meta-regression were conducted using the 'metafor' package in R. Factors associated with internalised stigma and stigma resistance were also systematically consolidated. RESULTS Seventy-three articles were included in the meta-analysis and the pooled score of both internalised stigma and stigma resistance of individuals with psychosis were within the mild range (2.20 and 2.44, respectively). The meta-regression analysis found high collectivism culture is significantly related to a higher level of internalised stigma. Economic status was not significant. Thirty-five articles were included in the systematic review and clinical, psychological, psychosocial variables, cognition and sociodemographic factors were found to be associated with internalised stigma. CONCLUSION Internalised stigma in psychosis is ubiquitous worldwide and high collectivism culture may be related with high internalised stigma. With the presence of multiple individual factors related to internalised stigma, intervention programmes to reduce internalised stigma should consider focussing on both macro- and micro-level factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yi Sum
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Charmaine Tsz Wing Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Sin Ting Chu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Angel Li
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Athena Hoi Ting Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Eric Yu Hai Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Sherry Kit Wa Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR
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Książek K, Masarczyk W, Głomb P, Romaszewski M, Stokłosa I, Ścisło P, Dębski P, Pudlo R, Buza K, Gorczyca P, Piegza M. Assessment of symptom severity in psychotic disorder patients based on heart rate variability and accelerometer mobility data. Comput Biol Med 2024; 176:108544. [PMID: 38723395 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advancement in mental health care requires easily accessible, efficient diagnostic and treatment assessment tools. Viable biomarkers could enable objectification and automation of the diagnostic and treatment process, currently dependent on a psychiatric interview. Available wearable technology and computational methods make it possible to incorporate heart rate variability (HRV), an indicator of autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, into potential diagnostic and treatment assessment frameworks as a biomarker of disease severity in mental disorders, including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (BD). METHOD We used a commercially available electrocardiography (ECG) chest strap with a built-in accelerometer, i.e. Polar H10, to record R-R intervals and physical activity of 30 hospitalized schizophrenia or BD patients and 30 control participants through ca. 1.5-2 h time periods. We validated a novel approach to data acquisition based on a flexible, patient-friendly and cost-effective setting. We analyzed the relationship between HRV and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) test scores, as well as the HRV and mobility coefficient. We also proposed a method of rest period selection based on R-R intervals and mobility data. The source code for reproducing all experiments is available on GitHub, while the dataset is published on Zenodo. RESULTS Mean HRV values were lower in the patient compared to the control group and negatively correlated with the results of the PANSS general subcategory. For the control group, we also discovered the inversely proportional dependency between the mobility coefficient, based on accelerometer data, and HRV. This relationship was less pronounced for the treatment group. CONCLUSIONS HRV value itself, as well as the relationship between HRV and mobility, may be promising biomarkers in disease diagnostics. These findings can be used to develop a flexible monitoring system for symptom severity assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Książek
- Institute of Theoretical and Applied Informatics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Bałtycka 5, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland.
| | - Wilhelm Masarczyk
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Pyskowicka 49, Tarnowskie Góry, 42-612, Poland
| | - Przemysław Głomb
- Institute of Theoretical and Applied Informatics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Bałtycka 5, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland
| | - Michał Romaszewski
- Institute of Theoretical and Applied Informatics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Bałtycka 5, Gliwice, 44-100, Poland
| | - Iga Stokłosa
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Pyskowicka 49, Tarnowskie Góry, 42-612, Poland
| | - Piotr Ścisło
- Psychiatric Department of the Multidisciplinary Hospital, Tarnowskie Góry, 42-612, Poland
| | - Paweł Dębski
- Institute of Psychology, Humanitas University in Sosnowiec, Kilińskiego 43, Sosnowiec, 41-200, Poland
| | - Robert Pudlo
- Department of Psychoprophylaxis, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Pyskowicka 49, Tarnowskie Góry, 42-612, Poland
| | - Krisztián Buza
- Budapest Business University, Buzogány utca 10-12, Budapest, 1149, Hungary; BioIntelligence Group, Department of Mathematics-Informatics, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Târgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Piotr Gorczyca
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Pyskowicka 49, Tarnowskie Góry, 42-612, Poland
| | - Magdalena Piegza
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Pyskowicka 49, Tarnowskie Góry, 42-612, Poland
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Dammann I, Rohleder C, Leweke FM. Cannabidiol and its Potential Evidence-Based Psychiatric Benefits - A Critical Review. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 2024; 57:115-132. [PMID: 38267003 DOI: 10.1055/a-2228-6118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system shows promise as a novel target for treating psychiatric conditions. Cannabidiol (CBD), a naturally occurring cannabinoid, has been investigated in several psychiatric conditions, with diverse effects and an excellent safety profile compared to standard treatments. Even though the body of evidence from randomised clinical trials is growing, it remains relatively limited in most indications. This review comprises a comprehensive literature search to identify clinical studies on the effects of CBD in psychiatric conditions. The literature search included case studies, case reports, observational studies, and RCTs published in English before July 27, 2023, excluding studies involving nabiximols or cannabis extracts containing CBD and ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Completed studies were considered, and all authors independently assessed relevant publications.Of the 150 articles identified, 54 publications were included, covering the effects of CBD on healthy subjects and various psychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia, substance use disorders (SUDs), anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and autism spectrum disorders. No clinical studies have been published for other potential indications, such as alcohol use disorder, borderline personality disorder, depression, dementia, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. This critical review highlights that CBD can potentially ameliorate certain psychiatric conditions, including schizophrenia, SUDs, and PTSD. However, more controlled studies and clinical trials, particularly investigating the mid- to long-term use of CBD, are required to conclusively establish its efficacy and safety in treating these conditions. The complex effects of CBD on neural activity patterns, likely by impacting the endocannabinoid system, warrant further research to reveal its therapeutic potential in psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Dammann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Endosane Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cathrin Rohleder
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Endosane Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - F Markus Leweke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Honk L, Stenfors CUD, Goldberg SB, Hendricks PS, Osika W, Dourron HM, Lebedev A, Petrovic P, Simonsson O. Longitudinal associations between psychedelic use and psychotic symptoms in the United States and the United Kingdom. J Affect Disord 2024; 351:194-201. [PMID: 38280572 PMCID: PMC10922895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
It has long been speculated that psychedelic use could provoke the onset of psychosis, but there is little evidence to support this conjecture. Using a longitudinal research design with samples representative of the US and UK adult populations with regard to sex, age, and ethnicity (n = 9732), we investigated associations between psychedelic use and change in the number of psychotic symptoms during the two-month study period. In covariate-adjusted regression models, psychedelic use during the study period was not associated with a change in the number of psychotic symptoms unless it interacted with a personal or family history of bipolar disorder, in which case the number of symptoms increased, or with a personal (but not family) history of psychotic disorders, in which case the number of symptoms decreased. Taken together, these findings indicate that psychedelic use may affect psychotic symptoms in individuals with a personal or family history of certain disorders characterized by psychotic symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Honk
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - Simon B Goldberg
- Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Peter S Hendricks
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Walter Osika
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Haley Maria Dourron
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Alexander Lebedev
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Predrag Petrovic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Otto Simonsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Sociology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Reeder RR. Current and future directions for research on hallucinations and delusions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8328. [PMID: 38600126 PMCID: PMC11006852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57472-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Reshanne R Reeder
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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Ceasar Kimera J, Mpungu Nakimuli E, Kampikaho Turiho A, Levin J, Kaddumukasa M, Sajatovic M, Katabira E, Kaddumukasa M. Prevalence and factors associated with psychosis among adults with epilepsy at a tertiary hospital in Uganda, cross-sectional study. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 153:109691. [PMID: 38368789 PMCID: PMC11019152 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychotic disorders are prevalent among people with epilepsy compared to the general population. However, there is limited information regarding psychosis among people with epilepsy in Uganda. This study therefore determined the prevalence and associated factors of psychosis among adults with epilepsy attending Butabika National Referral Mental Hospital in Uganda. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study involving adults with epilepsy. The diagnosis of psychosis was assessed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, module for Psychotic disorders. Logistic regression analysis identified factors associated with psychosis. RESULTS Out of 250 participants, 6.8% had psychosis and 13.6% had depression. Psychosis was significantly associated with older age, greater perceived stigma and substance use. CONCLUSION Psychosis affects nearly 7% of adults with epilepsy in Uganda especially among those who are older, with perceived stigma and substance use. Routine screening and early intervention to management of psychosis in PWE is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Ceasar Kimera
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Etheldreda Mpungu Nakimuli
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Andrew Kampikaho Turiho
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jennifer Levin
- Neurological and Behavioral Outcomes Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center & Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Martin Kaddumukasa
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Martha Sajatovic
- Neurological and Behavioral Outcomes Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center & Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Elly Katabira
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mark Kaddumukasa
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
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Triola M, Cobo J, González-Rodríguez A, Nieto L, Ochoa S, Usall J, García-Ribera C, Baños I, González B, Solanilla A, Massons C, Ruiz I, Ruiz AI, Oliva JC, Pousa E. Impact of Delusions and Hallucinations on Clinical Insight Dimensions in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders. Psychopathology 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38442692 DOI: 10.1159/000536360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Insight in psychosis has been conceptualized as a continuous, dynamic, and multidimensional phenomenon. This study aims to determine the impact of delusions and hallucinations in different dimensions of clinical insight in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. METHODS Cross-sectional multicenter study including 516 patients (336 men) diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Based on dichotomized scores of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) items P1 (delusions) and P3 (hallucinations), patients were assigned to four groups according to current clear presence of delusions (scores 4 or above 4 in PANSS item P1) and/or hallucinations (scores 4 or above 4 in PANNS item P3). Insight was assessed using the three main dimensions of the Scale of Unawareness of Mental Disorder (SUMD). RESULTS Around 40% of patients showed unawareness of illness; 30% unawareness of the need for treatment; and 45% unawareness of the social consequences of the disorder. Patients with current clear presence of delusions had higher overall lack of awareness, regardless of current clear presence of hallucinations. Similarly, the clear presence of delusions showed a greater predictive value on insight than the presence of hallucinations, although the implication of both in the prediction was modest. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm that lack of insight is highly prevalent in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, particularly when patients experience delusions. This study adds insight-related data to the growing symptom-based research, where specific types of psychotic experiences such as hallucinations and delusions could form different psychopathological patterns, linking the phenomenology of delusions to a lack of clinical insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Triola
- Mental Health Department, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí - CIBERSAM - ISCIII - I3PT - CREA, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Jesus Cobo
- Mental Health Department, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí - CIBERSAM - ISCIII - I3PT - CREA, Sabadell, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Alexandre González-Rodríguez
- Department of Mental Health, Mutua Terrassa University Hospìtal, Terrassa, Spain
- University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lourdes Nieto
- Department of Research, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - Susana Ochoa
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari San Joan de Dèu, MERITT Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu - CIBERSAM - ISCIII, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Usall
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari San Joan de Dèu, MERITT Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu - CIBERSAM - ISCIII, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles García-Ribera
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica-Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iris Baños
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari San Joan de Dèu, MERITT Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu - CIBERSAM - ISCIII, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz González
- Mental Health Department, Hospital Benito Menni, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Solanilla
- Mental Health Department, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí - CIBERSAM - ISCIII - I3PT - CREA, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Carmina Massons
- Mental Health Department, Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí - CIBERSAM - ISCIII - I3PT - CREA, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Isabel Ruiz
- Department of Health and Clinical Psychology, Research Unit, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ada I Ruiz
- Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addiccions, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Esther Pousa
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica-Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Leber A, Ramachandra R, Ceban F, Kwan ATH, Rhee TG, Wu J, Cao B, Jawad MY, Teopiz KM, Ho R, Le GH, Ramachandra D, McIntyre RS. Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of xanomeline for schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a systematic review. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2024; 25:467-476. [PMID: 38515004 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2334424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We systematically reviewed extant studies evaluating the efficacy and tolerability of xanomeline and xanomeline-trospium (KarXT) for treatment of adults with schizophrenia. METHODS In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, articles were systematically searched for in databases and clinical trial registries. RESULTS A total of 4 preclinical trials and 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in this review. A 4-week RCT observed a difference of 24.0 points (SD 21.0) in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score between xanomeline and placebo groups (p = 0.039). A 5-week RCT observed PANSS total score changes from baseline to week 5, including -17.4 and -5.9 points in KarXT and placebo groups, respectively (LSMD -11.6 points; 95% CI -16.1 to -7.1; p < 0.001; d = 0.75). Another 5-week RCT observed PANSS total score changes from baseline to week 5, including -21.2 (SE 1.7) and -11.6 (SE 1.6) points in KarXT and placebo groups, respectively (LSMD -9.6; 95% CI -13.9 to -5.2; p < 0.0001; d = 0.61). Side effects include constipation, nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, and dry mouth. CONCLUSION KarXT offers an innovative non-D2 blocking approach, representing a promising treatment avenue for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Leber
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ranuk Ramachandra
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Felicia Ceban
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela T H Kwan
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Taeho Greg Rhee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bing Cao
- School of Psychology and Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Youshay Jawad
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addictions and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Kayla M Teopiz
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roger Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gia Han Le
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Diluk Ramachandra
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Jensen KM, Calhoun VD, Fu Z, Yang K, Faria AV, Ishizuka K, Sawa A, Andrés-Camazón P, Coffman BA, Seebold D, Turner JA, Salisbury DF, Iraji A. A whole-brain neuromark resting-state fMRI analysis of first-episode and early psychosis: Evidence of aberrant cortical-subcortical-cerebellar functional circuitry. Neuroimage Clin 2024; 41:103584. [PMID: 38422833 PMCID: PMC10944191 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Psychosis (including symptoms of delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized conduct/speech) is a main feature of schizophrenia and is frequently present in other major psychiatric illnesses. Studies in individuals with first-episode (FEP) and early psychosis (EP) have the potential to interpret aberrant connectivity associated with psychosis during a period with minimal influence from medication and other confounds. The current study uses a data-driven whole-brain approach to examine patterns of aberrant functional network connectivity (FNC) in a multi-site dataset comprising resting-state functional magnetic resonance images (rs-fMRI) from 117 individuals with FEP or EP and 130 individuals without a psychiatric disorder, as controls. Accounting for age, sex, race, head motion, and multiple imaging sites, differences in FNC were identified between psychosis and control participants in cortical (namely the inferior frontal gyrus, superior medial frontal gyrus, postcentral gyrus, supplementary motor area, posterior cingulate cortex, and superior and middle temporal gyri), subcortical (the caudate, thalamus, subthalamus, and hippocampus), and cerebellar regions. The prominent pattern of reduced cerebellar connectivity in psychosis is especially noteworthy, as most studies focus on cortical and subcortical regions, neglecting the cerebellum. The dysconnectivity reported here may indicate disruptions in cortical-subcortical-cerebellar circuitry involved in rudimentary cognitive functions which may serve as reliable correlates of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M Jensen
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zening Fu
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kun Yang
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andreia V Faria
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Koko Ishizuka
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Akira Sawa
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pablo Andrés-Camazón
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Atlanta, GA, USA; Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Brian A Coffman
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dylan Seebold
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jessica A Turner
- Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dean F Salisbury
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Armin Iraji
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Atlanta, GA, USA
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14
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Reeder RR, Sala G, van Leeuwen TM. A novel model of divergent predictive perception. Neurosci Conscious 2024; 2024:niae006. [PMID: 38348335 PMCID: PMC10860603 DOI: 10.1093/nc/niae006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Predictive processing theories state that our subjective experience of reality is shaped by a balance of expectations based on previous knowledge about the world (i.e. priors) and confidence in sensory input from the environment. Divergent experiences (e.g. hallucinations and synaesthesia) are likely to occur when there is an imbalance between one's reliance on priors and sensory input. In a novel theoretical model, inspired by both predictive processing and psychological principles, we propose that predictable divergent experiences are associated with natural or environmentally induced prior/sensory imbalances: inappropriately strong or inflexible (i.e. maladaptive) high-level priors (beliefs) combined with low sensory confidence can result in reality discrimination issues, a characteristic of psychosis; maladaptive low-level priors (sensory expectations) combined with high sensory confidence can result in atypical sensory sensitivities and persistent divergent percepts, a characteristic of synaesthesia. Crucially, we propose that whether different divergent experiences manifest with dominantly sensory (e.g. hallucinations) or nonsensory characteristics (e.g. delusions) depends on mental imagery ability, which is a spectrum from aphantasia (absent or weak imagery) to hyperphantasia (extremely vivid imagery). We theorize that imagery is critically involved in shaping the sensory richness of divergent perceptual experience. In sum, to predict a range of divergent perceptual experiences in both clinical and general populations, three factors must be accounted for: a maladaptive use of priors, individual level of confidence in sensory input, and mental imagery ability. These ideas can be expressed formally using nonparametric regression modeling. We provide evidence for our theory from previous work and deliver predictions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshanne R Reeder
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni Sala
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Tessa M van Leeuwen
- Department of Communication and Cognition, Tilburg School of Humanities and Digital Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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15
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Cressot C, Vrillon A, Lilamand M, Francisque H, Méauzoone A, Hourregue C, Dumurgier J, Marlinge E, Paquet C, Cognat E. Psychosis in Neurodegenerative Dementias: A Systematic Comparative Review. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:85-99. [PMID: 38669539 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background Psychosis, characterized by delusions and/or hallucinations, is frequently observed during the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative dementias (ND) (i.e., dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD)) and cause diagnostic and management difficulties. Objective This review aims at presenting a concise and up-to-date overview of psychotic symptoms that occur in patients with ND with a comparative approach. Methods A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. 98 original studies investigating psychosis phenotypes in neurodegenerative dementias were identified (40 cohort studies, 57 case reports). Results Psychosis is a frequently observed phenomenon during the course of ND, with reported prevalence ranging from 22.5% to 54.1% in AD, 55.9% to 73.9% in DLB, and 18% to 42% in FTD. Throughout all stages of these diseases, noticeable patterns emerge depending on their underlying causes. Misidentification delusions (16.6-78.3%) and visual hallucinations (50-69.6%) are frequently observed in DLB, while paranoid ideas and somatic preoccupations seem to be particularly common in AD and FTD, (respectively 9.1-60.3% and 3.10-41.5%). Limited data were found regarding psychosis in the early stages of these disorders. Conclusions Literature data suggest that different ND are associated with noticeable variations in psychotic phenotypes, reflecting disease-specific tendencies. Further studies focusing on the early stages of these disorders are necessary to enhance our understanding of early psychotic manifestations associated with ND and help in differential diagnosis issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Cressot
- Université Paris Cité, UMRS 1144, INSERM, Paris, France
- Centre de Neurologie Cognitive, AP-HP.Nord, Site Lariboisière Fernand-Widal, Paris, France
| | - Agathe Vrillon
- Université Paris Cité, UMRS 1144, INSERM, Paris, France
- Centre de Neurologie Cognitive, AP-HP.Nord, Site Lariboisière Fernand-Widal, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Lilamand
- Université Paris Cité, UMRS 1144, INSERM, Paris, France
- Service de Gériatrie, AP-HP.Nord, Site Lariboisière Fernand-Widal, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Francisque
- Centre de Neurologie Cognitive, AP-HP.Nord, Site Lariboisière Fernand-Widal, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Méauzoone
- Centre de Neurologie Cognitive, AP-HP.Nord, Site Lariboisière Fernand-Widal, Paris, France
| | - Claire Hourregue
- Centre de Neurologie Cognitive, AP-HP.Nord, Site Lariboisière Fernand-Widal, Paris, France
| | - Julien Dumurgier
- Université Paris Cité, UMRS 1144, INSERM, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1153, Paris, France
| | - Emeline Marlinge
- Département de Psychiatrie, AP-HP.Nord, Site Lariboisière Fernand-Widal, Paris, France
| | - Claire Paquet
- Université Paris Cité, UMRS 1144, INSERM, Paris, France
- Centre de Neurologie Cognitive, AP-HP.Nord, Site Lariboisière Fernand-Widal, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Cognat
- Université Paris Cité, UMRS 1144, INSERM, Paris, France
- Centre de Neurologie Cognitive, AP-HP.Nord, Site Lariboisière Fernand-Widal, Paris, France
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16
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Thomson C, Boss K, Calhoun A, Fridrich C, Gardinier KM, Hall EC, Jendza K, Kirman L, Labbé-Giguere N, Laumen K, Qian M, Sanyal S, Shultz MD, Snajdrova R, Tan K, Wang KY, Yang F, Gao F, Hong T, Dale E, Kuzmiski B, Ortuno D, Palacios DS. Transaminases Provide Key Chiral Building Blocks for the Synthesis of Selective M1/M4 Agonists. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:1692-1699. [PMID: 38116445 PMCID: PMC10726473 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed a chiral route toward the synthesis of muscarinic M4 agonists that was enabled by the biocatalytic synthesis of the key spirocyclic diamine building blocks 10 and 12. Using these bifunctional compounds we were able to optimize a synthetic sequence toward a collection of advanced intermediates for further elaboration. These advanced intermediates were then used as starting points for early medicinal chemistry and the identification of selective M1/M4 agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher
G. Thomson
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical
Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kelly Boss
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical
Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Amy Calhoun
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical
Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Cary Fridrich
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical
Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kevin M. Gardinier
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical
Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Edward C. Hall
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical
Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Keith Jendza
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical
Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Louise Kirman
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical
Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nancy Labbé-Giguere
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical
Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kurt Laumen
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical
Research, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Ming Qian
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical
Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sanjit Sanyal
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical
Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael D. Shultz
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical
Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Radka Snajdrova
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical
Research, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Kian Tan
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical
Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kate Yaping Wang
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical
Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Fan Yang
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical
Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Feng Gao
- Chemical
& Analytical Development, Suzhou, Novartis
Technical Development, Co., Ltd., Changshu, Jiangsu 215537, P. R. China
| | - Tao Hong
- Chemical
& Analytical Development, Suzhou, Novartis
Technical Development, Co., Ltd., Changshu, Jiangsu 215537, P. R. China
| | - Elena Dale
- Neuroscience
Disease Area, Novartis Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Brent Kuzmiski
- Neuroscience
Disease Area, Novartis Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Danny Ortuno
- Neuroscience
Disease Area, Novartis Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Daniel S. Palacios
- Global
Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical
Research, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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17
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Puckett J, Sood M, Newman-Taylor K. Does disorganised attachment lead to auditory hallucinations via dissociation? An experimental study with an analogue sample. Psychol Psychother 2023; 96:868-884. [PMID: 37283236 DOI: 10.1111/papt.12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Auditory hallucinations (such as hearing voices) are common in clinical and non-clinical populations. Many people who hear voices also report early adversity and have an insecure attachment style. Current cognitive models suggest that dissociation mediates an association between disorganised attachment and auditory hallucinations, but this has not been tested experimentally. DESIGN We recruited a non-clinical analogue sample highly predisposed to auditory hallucinations and utilised an experimental design to examine the impact of disorganised attachment imagery on hallucinatory experiences, and whether dissociation mediates an expected association. METHODS Participants completed self-report measures of state auditory hallucinations and dissociation before and after random allocation to secure or disorganised attachment conditions. RESULTS Attachment imagery did not affect auditory hallucinations. Both secure and disorganised attachment conditions increased state dissociation. Secure attachment imagery reduced paranoia, but state dissociation did not mediate this effect. An exploratory analysis found that trait dissociation fully accounted for the association between trait-disorganised attachment and hallucinatory experience while controlling for paranoia. CONCLUSIONS Secure attachment imagery reduces paranoia but not auditory hallucinations and the impact on paranoia is not mediated by dissociation. Secure attachment imagery may be useful in reducing fears and distress associated with voices, rather than the frequency or severity of hallucinations. Disorganised attachment may increase hallucinatory experiences for people vulnerable to dissociation. Trait dissociation should be assessed in clinical settings and addressed where indicated as a means of targeting vulnerability to distressing voices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Puckett
- Psychology Department, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Monica Sood
- Psychology Department, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Katherine Newman-Taylor
- Psychology Department, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Psychology Department, Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
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18
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Ortega MA, Fraile-Martinez O, García-Montero C, Rodriguez-Martín S, Funes Moñux RM, Pekarek L, Bravo C, De Leon-Luis JA, Saez MA, Guijarro LG, Lahera G, Monserrat J, Rodriguez-Jimenez R, Saz JV, Bujan J, García-Honduvilla N, Alvarez-Mon M, Alvarez-Mon MA. Women with psychotic episodes during pregnancy show increased markers of placental damage with Tenney-Parker changes. Histol Histopathol 2023; 38:1109-1118. [PMID: 36916695 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Psychosis is a hazardous and functionally disruptive psychiatric condition which may affect women in pregnancy, entailing negative consequences for maternofetal well-being. The precise pathophysiological basis and consequences of a psychotic episode in pregnancy remain to be further elucidated. The placenta is a pivotal tissue with many functions in the gestational period, critically influencing the fate and development of pregnancy. Although detrimental alterations have been observed in women undergoing severe psychiatric disorders in pregnancy, there are little studies evaluating the consequences of suffering from a psychotic episode in the placental tissue In this work, we have evaluated the histopathological consequences of a first episode of psychosis in pregnancy (FE-PW; N=22) and compare them with healthy pregnant women (HC-PW; N=20) by using histological, immunohistochemical and gene expression techniques. Our results define that the placental tissue of FE-PW display an increase in the number of placental villi, bridges, syncytial knots and syncytial knots/villi. Besides, we have also observed an enhanced gene and protein expression in FE-PW of the hypoxic marker HIF-1α, together with the apoptotic markers BAX and Bcl-2. To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating significant histopathological changes in the placenta of women suffering a new-onset psychotic episode in pregnancy. Further studies should be aimed at deepening the knowledge about the pernicious effects of psychosis in the maternofetal tissues, as well as the potential implications of these alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martinez
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Sonia Rodriguez-Martín
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Service of Pediatric, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Rosa M Funes Moñux
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Service of Pediatric, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Leonel Pekarek
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Coral Bravo
- Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A De Leon-Luis
- Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Saez
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Pathological Anatomy Service, Central University Hospital of Defence-UAH Madrid, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Luis G Guijarro
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (CIBEREHD), Department of System Biology, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Guillermo Lahera
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Psychiatry Service, Center for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Jorge Monserrat
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Roberto Rodriguez-Jimenez
- Department of Legal Medicine and Psychiatry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Health Research 12 de Octubre Hospital, (Imas 12)/CIBERSAM (Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Mental Health), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose V Saz
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Spain
| | - Julia Bujan
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Natalio García-Honduvilla
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Melchor Alvarez-Mon
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology and Internal Medicine Service, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, CIBEREHD, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Melazzini L, Mazzocchi L, Vecchio A, Paredes A, Mensi MM, Ballante E, Paoletti M, Bastianello S, Balottin U, Borgatti R, Pichiecchio A. Magnetic resonance advanced imaging analysis in adolescents: cortical thickness study to identify attenuated psychosis syndrome. Neuroradiology 2023; 65:1447-1458. [PMID: 37524967 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-023-03200-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Psychosis is a symptom common to several mental illnesses and a defining feature of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, whose onset typically occurs in adolescence. Neuroradiological studies have reported evidence of brain structural abnormalities in patients with overt psychosis. However, early identification of brain structural changes in young subjects at risk for developing psychosis (such as those with Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome -APS) is currently lacking. METHODS Brain 3D T1-weighted and 64 directions diffusion-weighted images were acquired on 55 help-seeking adolescents (12-17 years old) with psychiatric disorders who referred to our Institute. Patients were divided into three groups: non-APS (n = 20), APS (n = 20), and Early-Onset Psychosis (n = 15). Cortical thickness was calculated from T1w images, and Tract-Based Spatial Statistics analysis was performed to study the distribution of white matter fractional anisotropy and all diffusivity metrics. A thorough neuropsychological test battery was adopted to investigate cognitive performance in several domains. RESULTS In patients with Attenuated Psychotic Syndrome, the left superior frontal gyrus was significantly thinner compared to patients with non-APS (p = 0.048), and their right medial orbitofrontal cortex thickness was associated with lower working memory scores (p = 0.0025, r = -0.668 for the working memory index and p = 0.001, r = -0.738 for the digit span). Early-Onset Psychosis patients showed thinner left pars triangularis compared to non-APS individuals (p = 0.024), and their left pars orbitalis was associated with impaired performance at the symbol search test (p = 0.005, r = -0.726). No differences in diffusivity along main tracts were found between sub-groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION This study showed specific associations between structural imaging features and cognitive performance in patients with APS. Characterizing this disorder using neuroimaging could reveal useful information that may aid in the development and evaluation of preventive strategies in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Melazzini
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Mazzocchi
- Advanced Imaging and Radiomics Center, Neuroradiology Department, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Arianna Vecchio
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alexandra Paredes
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Martina M Mensi
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Ballante
- BioData Science Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Political and Social Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Paoletti
- Advanced Imaging and Radiomics Center, Neuroradiology Department, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Bastianello
- Advanced Imaging and Radiomics Center, Neuroradiology Department, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Umberto Balottin
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Renato Borgatti
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Pichiecchio
- Advanced Imaging and Radiomics Center, Neuroradiology Department, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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20
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Camprodon-Boadas P, De la Serna E, Plana MT, Flamarique I, Lázaro L, Borràs R, Baeza I, Tasa-Vinyals E, Sugranyes G, Ortiz AE, Castro-Fornieles J. Delusional beliefs in adolescents with anorexia nervosa, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or first-episode psychosis: A comparative study. Psychiatry Res 2023; 328:115490. [PMID: 37748237 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Delusional thinking is a key symptom of first-episode psychosis (FEP), but it has also been studied in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and anorexia nervosa (AN). This study aimed to analyze the psychometric properties of the Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale (BABS) in a sample of adolescents diagnosed with a FEP, AN, or OCD, and to compare delusional thinking among the three samples. The sample comprised 60 patients in three groups of 20 diagnosed with OCD, AN, or FEP. Participants underwent assessment by diagnostic interview, the BABS scale, and a measure of depressive symptomatology. Specific instruments were also used to assess the main symptomatology of each disorder. The BABS had good internal consistency, and high validity and reliability. The OCD group scored significantly lower than the other two groups in all scale items except for items 4 (fixation of ideas), 6 (insight), and 7 (delusions of reference). A significant difference only existed between the AN and FEP groups for item 7 (delusions of reference). The BABS scale is a valid and reliable tool for assessing delusionality in adolescents diagnosed with OCD, AN, or FEP, with evidence of marked differences between the disorders. Assessing these symptoms could influence management, helping to improve treatment adherence and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Camprodon-Boadas
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2021SGR01319, Institut Clinic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM - ISCIII, Spain
| | - Elena De la Serna
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2021SGR01319, Institut Clinic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM - ISCIII, Spain.
| | - Maria Teresa Plana
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2021SGR01319, Institut Clinic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Itziar Flamarique
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2021SGR01319, Institut Clinic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM - ISCIII, Spain
| | - Luisa Lázaro
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2021SGR01319, Institut Clinic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM - ISCIII, Spain; Department of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Borràs
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2021SGR01319, Institut Clinic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM - ISCIII, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Baeza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2021SGR01319, Institut Clinic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM - ISCIII, Spain; Department of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Tasa-Vinyals
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2021SGR01319, Institut Clinic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gisela Sugranyes
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2021SGR01319, Institut Clinic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM - ISCIII, Spain
| | - Ana Encarnación Ortiz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2021SGR01319, Institut Clinic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Castro-Fornieles
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2021SGR01319, Institut Clinic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM - ISCIII, Spain; Department of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Grosu ȘA, Dobre M, Milanesi E, Hinescu ME. Blood-Based MicroRNAs in Psychotic Disorders-A Systematic Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2536. [PMID: 37760977 PMCID: PMC10525934 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychotic disorders are a heterogenous class of mental illness, with an intricate pathophysiology, involving genetics and environmental factors, and their interaction. The identification of accessible biomarkers in bodily systems such as blood may lead to more accurate diagnosis, and more effective treatments targeting dysfunctional pathways, and could assist in monitoring the disease evolution. This systematic review aims to highlight the dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) in the peripheral blood of patients with psychotic disorders. Using the PRISMA protocol, PubMed and Science Direct databases were investigated and 22 articles were included. Fifty-five different miRNAs were found differentially expressed in the blood of psychotic patients compared to controls. Seventeen miRNAs (miR-34a, miR-181b, miR-432, miR-30e, miR-21, miR-137, miR-134, miR-7, miR-92a, miR-1273d, miR-1303, miR-3064-5p, miR-3131, miR-3687, miR-4428, miR-4725-3p, and miR-5096) were dysregulated with the same trend (up- or down-regulation) in at least two studies. Of note, miR-34a and miR-181b were up-regulated in the blood of psychotic patients in seven and six studies, respectively. Moreover, the level of miR-181b in plasma was found to be positively correlated with the amelioration of negative symptoms. The panel of miRNAs identified in this review could be validated in future studies in large and well-characterized cohorts of psychotic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ștefania-Alexandra Grosu
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (Ș.-A.G.); (M.E.H.)
| | - Maria Dobre
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Elena Milanesi
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (Ș.-A.G.); (M.E.H.)
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mihail Eugen Hinescu
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (Ș.-A.G.); (M.E.H.)
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;
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22
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Lu C, Zhu X, Feng Y, Ao W, Li J, Gao Z, Luo H, Chen M, Cai F, Zhan S, Li H, Sun W, Hu J. Atypical antipsychotics antagonize GABA A receptors in the ventral tegmental area GABA neurons to relieve psychotic behaviors. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2107-2121. [PMID: 36754983 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-01982-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Psychosis is an abnormal mental condition that can cause patients to lose contact with reality. It is a common symptom of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, sleep deprivation, and other mental disorders. Clinically, antipsychotic medications, such as olanzapine and clozapine, are very effective in treatment for psychosis. To investigate the neural circuit mechanism that is affected by antipsychotics and identify more selective therapeutic targets, we employed a strategy by using these effective antipsychotics to identify antipsychotic neural substrates. We observed that local injection of antipsychotics into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) could reverse the sensorimotor gating defects induced by MK-801 injection in mice. Using in vivo fiber photometry, electrophysiological techniques, and chemogenetics, we found that antipsychotics could activate VTA gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons by blocking GABAA receptors. Moreover, we found that the VTAGABA nucleus accumbens (NAc) projection was crucially involved in such antipsychotic effects. In summary, our study identifies a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of psychosis and underscores the utility of a 'bedside-to-bench' approach for identifying neural circuits that influence psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yifan Feng
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Weizhen Ao
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200030, Shanghai, China
| | - Zilong Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 310024, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huoqing Luo
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Cai
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Shulu Zhan
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenzhi Sun
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, 102206, Beijing, China.
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China.
| | - Ji Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.
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23
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Silver JH, Lewton M, Lewis HW. Mediators of negative content and voice-related distress in a diverse sample of clinical and non-clinical voice-hearers. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 62:96-111. [PMID: 36205115 PMCID: PMC10092889 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Negative content in hearing voices (i.e., auditory verbal hallucinations) has been associated with adverse clinical outcomes including voice-related distress. Voice appraisals and responding mindfully to voices are theorized to reduce voice-related distress. This study aimed in examine mediators of the negative content voice-related distress relationship in clinical (those who recently received input from mental health services) and non-clinical voice-hearers. METHODS One hundred and twenty-one adults (71.9% female; 35.5% mixed or non-white ethnic background) who hear voices were recruited online and completed self-report measures of negative content of voices, voice-related distress, mindfulness of voices, interpretation of loss of control, thought suppression and intrusion. RESULTS Clinical voice-hearers had significantly higher levels of negative content, voice-related distress and interpretation of loss of control than non-clinical voice-hearers. A mindful approach to voices and interpretation of loss of control mediated the relationship between negative content and voice-related distress across the whole sample. Thought suppression and intrusion did not mediate the relationship. CONCLUSIONS The results support the use of mindfulness-based psychological intervention to reduce voice-related distress. Further development of valid and reliable measures specifically relating to constructs of voice content, voice-related distress and voice suppression will support further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Helen Silver
- Older Persons Mental Health Psychology Service, Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board, Pontypridd, UK
| | - Marcus Lewton
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board, Pontypridd, UK
| | - Heledd Wyn Lewis
- South Wales Doctoral Programme in Clinical Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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24
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Murwasuminar B, Munro I, Recoche K. Mental health recovery for people with schizophrenia in Southeast Asia: A systematic review. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2023. [PMID: 36681884 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Mental health recovery has become a more prevalent approach to empowering people with schizophrenia (PWS), especially in western countries. However, despite the benefits, there is a lack of evidence regarding its practice in developing countries such as Southeast Asian Countries. The optimal treatment for PWS has not yet been identified, since most mental health care is provided in hospital-based settings in Southeast Asia. Mental health treatment in Southeast Asia is highly influenced by cultural norms, values, and practices. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: The findings highlight the importance of integrating cultural aspects into the treatment of people with schizophrenia. The sample of unique elements in Southeast Asian mental health recovery include using a close neighbour/cadre as social support and using religious activity to increase hope. Lack of government support, high level of employment, and stigma are the biggest barriers in the PWS recovery process. WHAT IS THE IMPLICATION FOR PRACTICE?: There is a research gap regarding the awareness and implementation of mental health recovery in psychiatric programs across the Southeast Asian region which likely impacts the effectiveness of the treatment. The review shows that little research has explored the concept of personal recovery in Southeast Asian Countries. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Recovery has become an important approach used by mental health services around the world. Many mental health systems have taken steps to move towards more recovery-oriented practices and service delivery. Therefore, establishing recovery-oriented services in developing countries like those in the Southeast Asian region requires a detailed understanding of the cultural norms, values, and current mental health practices. AIMS To investigate the mental health practices that promote recovery, its barrier in Southeast Asia, and to determine if they align with the CHIME recovery model. METHOD Electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and SCOPUS, were searched [PROSPERO] (CRD42021227962). Peer-reviewed English language articles from 2004 to January 2021 were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the CASP checklist, and thematic synthesis of included studies was conducted. RESULTS Thirty-one studies met inclusion criteria. Several themes illustrated mental health recovery services and the current obstacles identified in South-east Asian studies. Connection includes peer support and support groups, relationship status, and limited opportunities to become involved in the community. Hope is found in cultural concepts of hope, stimulating recovery through mental health programs, whilst lack of knowledge and education are the main barriers. Ethnicity is linked to a high level of stigma, but ethnicity also builds identity. Meaning and spirituality manifest in religious activities as the catalyst for recovery. Finally, the opposite of Empowerment is seen in the tendency of people with schizophrenia to remain in a passive position. Further barriers to empowerment are unemployment and a lack of social support. DISCUSSION In Southeast Asia, the elements of culture, religiosity, and communality are essential to mental health recovery. The obstacles to recovery are relate to human rights, social support, family involvement, and continuity of care. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE This review explores the concept of mental health recovery for people who are experiencing psychosis and living in Southeast Asian countries. The evidence may contribute to the further development of mental health programs in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandu Murwasuminar
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia.,West Java Mental Hospital, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Ian Munro
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katrina Recoche
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Frankston, Victoria, Australia
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25
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Levchenko A, Gusev F, Rogaev E. The evolutionary origin of psychosis. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1115929. [PMID: 36741116 PMCID: PMC9894884 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1115929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Imagination, the driving force of creativity, and primary psychosis are human-specific, since we do not observe behaviors in other species that would convincingly suggest they possess the same traits. Both these traits have been linked to the function of the prefrontal cortex, which is the most evolutionarily novel region of the human brain. A number of evolutionarily novel genetic and epigenetic changes that determine the human brain-specific structure and function have been discovered in recent years. Among them are genomic loci subjected to increased rates of single nucleotide substitutions in humans, called human accelerated regions. These mostly regulatory regions are involved in brain development and sometimes contain genetic variants that confer a risk for schizophrenia. On the other hand, neuroimaging data suggest that mind wandering and related phenomena (as a proxy of imagination) are in many ways similar to rapid eye movement dreaming, a function also present in non-human species. Furthermore, both functions are similar to psychosis in several ways: for example, the same brain areas are activated both in dreams and visual hallucinations. In the present Perspective we hypothesize that imagination is an evolutionary adaptation of dreaming, while primary psychosis results from deficient control by higher-order brain areas over imagination. In the light of this, human accelerated regions might be one of the key drivers in evolution of human imagination and the pathogenesis of psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Levchenko
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Fedor Gusev
- Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Department of Genetics, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia.,Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny Rogaev
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Psychiatry, UMass Chan Medical School, Shrewsbury, MA, United States
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26
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Khanna S, Pant S, Khanna H. Isoniazid-Induced Psychosis in a Patient with Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Case Report. Case Rep Neurol 2023; 15:76-80. [PMID: 37384039 PMCID: PMC10294240 DOI: 10.1159/000530779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoniazid is one of the most important drugs in the management of pulmonary tuberculosis; of all the antituberculous drugs, it is one of the most commonly implicated drugs in drug-induced psychosis. We report a case of isoniazid-induced psychosis in a 31-year-old patient with pulmonary tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreshth Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, Jamia Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research and associated HAH Centenary Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Suchita Pant
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Manipal Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Harsh Khanna
- Department of Medicine, Private Practice, New Delhi, India
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27
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Nath S, Kravariti E, Ranjan R, Narasimha VL. Editorial: Treatment resistance in psychotic disorders. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1181914. [PMID: 37025350 PMCID: PMC10071575 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1181914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Nath
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand, India
- *Correspondence: Santanu Nath
| | - Eugenia Kravariti
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rajeev Ranjan
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
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28
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Tobita M, Fanchiang SP, Saldivar A, Taylor S, Jordan B. Complex Hallucinations in Hospitalized Rehabilitation Patients With COVID-19. Arch Rehabil Res Clin Transl 2022; 4:100234. [PMID: 36277732 PMCID: PMC9574548 DOI: 10.1016/j.arrct.2022.100234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To explore the characteristics of hallucinations in hospitalized rehabilitation patients with COVID-19. Design Retrospective review using medical records of patients with COVID-19 and admitted to the acute inpatient rehabilitation unit (ARU). Setting A public hospital in southern California, specializing in rehabilitation medicine. Participants: Patients with COVID-19 and hallucinations who were consecutively admitted from January 1st to April 30th, 2021. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Types and themes of hallucinations. Results Eight of the 37 patients (21.6%) admitted to the ARU with COVID-19 exhibited hallucinations. All were Hispanic and 7 of them were men; their average age was 56.5 (range: 38-71). Seven patients had COVID-19 pneumonia and 1 developed respiratory distress secondary to Guillain-Barre Syndrome. One patient had posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. The average length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) was 31.3 days (range: 8-48). Most of the hallucinations occurred during their ICU stay and 2 continued to their ARU stay. All recalled details of hallucinations with 7 exhibiting visual hallucinations, consistent with peduncular hallucinosis with or without auditory and/or tactile components. One patient experienced tactile hallucinations. The themes of hallucinations identified to reflect the contents of the hallucinations were patients' comfort-seeking, fearfulness, and seeing deceased family members. All patients had impaired cognition at the ARU admission but improved at discharge. Four patients had depressed mood/anxiety and 1 had depressed mood alone but without a history of psychiatric illness. ICU delirium was documented in 5 patients. The negative experience of hallucinations seemed to affect their participation of the ARU stay. Conclusions More than 20% of patients with COVID-19 who were transferred to attend inpatient rehabilitation exhibited hallucinations. It remains uncertain if these hallucinations were related to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Multidisciplinary rehabilitation team should be aware to support patients with COVID-19 who experience hallucinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Tobita
- Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Department of Health Services, County of Los Angeles, Downey, CA,Rancho Research Institute, Downey, CA,Corresponding author Mari Tobita, MD, 7601 E Imperial Highway, Downey, CA 90242
| | - Shan-Pin Fanchiang
- Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Department of Health Services, County of Los Angeles, Downey, CA,Rancho Research Institute, Downey, CA,Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Aida Saldivar
- Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Department of Health Services, County of Los Angeles, Downey, CA
| | - Sarah Taylor
- Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Department of Health Services, County of Los Angeles, Downey, CA
| | - Barry Jordan
- Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Department of Health Services, County of Los Angeles, Downey, CA,Rancho Research Institute, Downey, CA,Department of Neurology, Keck Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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Zhou W, Sun J, Huai C, Liu Y, Chen L, Yi Z, Lv Q, Song C, Zhu W, Liu C, Weng S, Wu H, Sun Y, Zhang R, Wu L, Li M, Zhu J, Zhang Y, Wei M, Guo Y, Huang S, Zhang N, Shen R, Zhang Y, Du H, Huang H, He L, Sun X, Shen L, Qin S. Multi-omics analysis identifies rare variation in leptin/PPAR gene sets and hypermethylation of ABCG1 contribute to antipsychotics-induced metabolic syndromes. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:5195-5205. [PMID: 36065016 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01759-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Antipsychotic-induced metabolic syndrome (APs-induced Mets) is the most common adverse drug reaction, which affects more than 60% of the psychiatric patients. Although the etiology of APs-induced Mets has been extensively investigated, there is a lack of integrated analysis of the genetic and epigenetic factors. In this study, we performed genome-wide, whole-exome sequencing (WES) and epigenome-wide association studies in schizophrenia (SCZ) patients with or without APs-induced Mets to find the underlying mechanisms, followed by in vitro and in vivo functional validations. By population-based omics analysis, we revealed that rare functional variants across in the leptin and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) gene sets were imbalanced with rare functional variants across the APs-induced Mets and Non-Mets cohort. Besides, we discovered that APs-induced Mets are hypermethylated in ABCG1 (chr21:43642166-43642366, adjusted P < 0.05) than Non-Mets, and hypermethylation of this area was associated with higher TC (total cholesterol) and TG (triglycerides) levels in HepG2 cells. Candidate genes from omics studies were furtherly screened in C. elegans and 17 gene have been verified to associated with olanzapine (OLA) induced fat deposit. Among them, several genes were expressed differentially in Mets cohort and APs-induced in vitro/in vivo models compared to controls, demonstrating the validity of omics study. Overexpression one of the most significant gene, PTPN11, exhibited compromised glucose responses and insulin resistance. Pharmacologic inhibition of PTPN11 protected HepG2 cell from APs-induced insulin resistance. These findings provide important insights into our understanding of the mechanism of the APs-induced Mets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Neurobiology & Mitochondrial Key Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Cong Huai
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunxi Liu
- Neurobiology & Mitochondrial Key Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Luan Chen
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenghui Yi
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinyu Lv
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanfu Song
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, China
| | - Wenli Zhu
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, China
| | - Chuanxin Liu
- Jining Medical University, Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health, Psychiatry Genetic Lab PSYG Lab, Jining, China
| | - Saizheng Weng
- Fuzhou Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yidan Sun
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Runshuai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lianfeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mo Li
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhang Zhu
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingtian Zhang
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Muyun Wei
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujian Guo
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sijia Huang
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoxi Shen
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huihui Du
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailiang Huang
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lin He
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofang Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Shen
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengying Qin
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Bio-X Institutes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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30
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Rodgers E, Marwaha S, Humpston C. Co-occurring psychotic and eating disorders in England: findings from the 2014 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:150. [PMID: 36258254 PMCID: PMC9578255 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00664-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychotic disorders and eating disorders are complex mental illnesses associated with increased mortality and functional impairment. This study aimed to investigate the co-occurrence and relationships between eating disorders and psychotic disorders and assess the mediation effect of mood instability. METHODS This study used data from the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (APMS) 2014, a general population-based survey in England. Participants (total N = 7546, female N = 4488, male N = 3058, mean age = 52.3 years) were categorised based on psychotic disorder status into the groups of probable psychosis, diagnosed psychosis, and healthy controls without psychosis. The dependent variable of this study was the presence or absence of an eating disorder, with mood instability as the mediator. Logistic regression and mediation analyses were conducted to assess the relationships between these variables. RESULTS Both probable and diagnosed psychoses were significantly related to the presence of an eating disorder, and mood instability was found to be a mediating variable with moderate effect. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates a significant relationship between eating disorders and psychotic disorders in the English general population, indicating higher levels of co-occurrence between these two groups of disorders than when compared with healthy controls. The findings also suggest the relationship between eating and psychotic disorders is mediated, to an extent, by the presence of mood instability traits. Future research could extend the present study's findings through assessing whether specific eating disorders are more significantly related to psychotic disorders than others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Rodgers
- Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Steven Marwaha
- Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK.,Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health Foundation Trust, B1 3RB, Birmingham, UK
| | - Clara Humpston
- Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK. .,Department of Psychology, University of York, YO10 5DD, York, UK.
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31
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Chakrabarti S, Singh N. Psychotic symptoms in bipolar disorder and their impact on the illness: A systematic review. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12:1204-1232. [PMID: 36186500 PMCID: PMC9521535 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i9.1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifetime psychotic symptoms are present in over half of the patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and can have an adverse effect on its course, outcome, and treatment. However, despite a considerable amount of research, the impact of psychotic symptoms on BD remains unclear, and there are very few systematic reviews on the subject.
AIM To examine the extent of psychotic symptoms in BD and their impact on several aspects of the illness.
METHODS The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines were followed. An electronic literature search of six English-language databases and a manual search was undertaken to identify published articles on psychotic symptoms in BD from January 1940 to December 2021. Combinations of the relevant Medical Subject Headings terms were used to search for these studies. Articles were selected after a screening phase, followed by a review of the full texts of the articles. Assessment of the methodological quality of the studies and the risk of bias was conducted using standard tools.
RESULTS This systematic review included 339 studies of patients with BD. Lifetime psychosis was found in more than a half to two-thirds of the patients, while current psychosis was found in a little less than half of them. Delusions were more common than hallucinations in all phases of BD. About a third of the patients reported first-rank symptoms or mood-incongruent psychotic symptoms, particularly during manic episodes. Psychotic symptoms were more frequent in bipolar type I compared to bipolar type II disorder and in mania or mixed episodes compared to bipolar depression. Although psychotic symptoms were not more severe in BD, the severity of the illness in psychotic BD was consistently greater. Psychosis was usually associated with poor insight and a higher frequency of agitation, anxiety, and hostility but not with psychiatric comorbidity. Psychosis was consistently linked with increased rates and the duration of hospitalizations, switching among patients with depression, and poorer outcomes with mood-incongruent symptoms. In contrast, psychosis was less likely to be accompanied by a rapid-cycling course, longer illness duration, and heightened suicidal risk. There was no significant impact of psychosis on the other parameters of course and outcome.
CONCLUSION Though psychotic symptoms are very common in BD, they are not always associated with an adverse impact on BD and its course and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subho Chakrabarti
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, UT, India
| | - Navdeep Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, UT, India
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Meza-Venegas J, Kidambi NS, Rodrigues A, Sperry SD, Megna JL, Leontieva L. Diagnostic Dilemma and Management Difficulties in a Young Patient With Psychosis and Benign Chorea: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Cureus 2022; 14:e28177. [PMID: 36148188 PMCID: PMC9482809 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychosis presents with hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, abnormal psychomotor behavior, and negative symptoms. It most commonly appears in the setting of schizophrenia, although it could also appear in bipolar disorder, major depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and even in medical conditions and substance use. In young people, the diagnosis of psychosis can present as a challenge due to the overlap of psychotic conditions and other emotional, behavioral, and developmental disorders. In this case report, we present the case of a 19-year-old female with a history of bipolar disorder, oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), depression, anxiety, PTSD, and schizophrenia-spectrum disorder who was admitted to an inpatient psychiatric facility after presenting with acute onset of confusion.
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33
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Bari S, Vike NL, Stetsiv K, Woodward S, Lalvani S, Stefanopoulos L, Kim BW, Maglaveras N, Breiter HC, Katsaggelos AK. The Prevalence of Psychotic Symptoms, Violent Ideation, and Disruptive Behavior in a Population With SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Preliminary Study. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e36444. [PMID: 35763758 PMCID: PMC9384857 DOI: 10.2196/36444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 disease results from infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus to produce a range of mild to severe physical, neurological, and mental health symptoms. The COVID-19 pandemic has indirectly caused significant emotional distress, triggering the emergence of mental health symptoms in individuals who were not previously affected or exacerbating symptoms in those with existing mental health conditions. Emotional distress and certain mental health conditions can lead to violent ideation and disruptive behavior, including aggression, threatening acts, deliberate harm toward other people or animals, and inattention to or noncompliance with education or workplace rules. Of the many mental health conditions that can be associated with violent ideation and disruptive behavior, psychosis can evidence greater vulnerability to unpredictable changes and being at a greater risk for them. Individuals with psychosis can also be more susceptible to contracting COVID-19 disease. Objective This study aimed to investigate whether violent ideation, disruptive behavior, or psychotic symptoms were more prevalent in a population with COVID-19 and did not precede the pandemic. Methods In this preliminary study, we analyzed questionnaire responses from a population sample (N=366), received between the end of February 2021 and the start of March 2021 (1 year into the COVID-19 pandemic), regarding COVID-19 illness, violent ideation, disruptive behavior, and psychotic symptoms. Using the Wilcoxon rank sum test followed by multiple comparisons correction, we compared the self-reported frequency of these variables for 3 time windows related to the past 1 month, past 1 month to 1 year, and >1 year ago among the distributions of people who answered whether they tested positive or were diagnosed with COVID-19 by a clinician. We also used multivariable logistic regression with iterative resampling to investigate the relationship between these variables occurring >1 year ago (ie, before the pandemic) and the likelihood of contracting COVID-19. Results We observed a significantly higher frequency of self-reported violent ideation, disruptive behavior, and psychotic symptoms, for all 3 time windows of people who tested positive or were diagnosed with COVID-19 by a clinician. Using multivariable logistic regression, we observed 72% to 94% model accuracy for an increased incidence of COVID-19 in participants who reported violent ideation, disruptive behavior, or psychotic symptoms >1 year ago. Conclusions This preliminary study found that people who reported a test or clinician diagnosis of COVID-19 also reported higher frequencies of violent ideation, disruptive behavior, or psychotic symptoms across multiple time windows, indicating that they were not likely to be the result of COVID-19. In parallel, participants who reported these behaviors >1 year ago (ie, before the pandemic) were more likely to be diagnosed with COVID-19, suggesting that violent ideation, disruptive behavior, in addition to psychotic symptoms, were associated with COVID-19 with an approximately 70% to 90% likelihood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumra Bari
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nicole L Vike
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Khrystyna Stetsiv
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sean Woodward
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Shamal Lalvani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Leandros Stefanopoulos
- Laboratory of Medical Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Byoung Woo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nicos Maglaveras
- Laboratory of Medical Informatics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Hans C Breiter
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Division of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Aggelos K Katsaggelos
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
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Kataoka H, Nanaura H, Kiriyama T, Sugie K. Prognostic Factor for Subacute Encephalitis with First-Episode Psychosis. Eur Neurol 2022; 85:446-452. [DOI: 10.1159/000524975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Although symptomatic manifestations in encephalitis vary, they typically include seizures, memory deficit(s), and altered consciousness. Psychosis also occurs as an initial manifestation. In clinical practice, clinicians often encounter the question of whether first-episode psychosis (FEP) originates from encephalitis itself or if encephalitis presenting with FEP develops concurrently. The prognosis of FEP among patients with overall encephalitis, including autoimmune encephalitis, remains uncertain. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We examined a prognostic factor in patients with encephalitis who had both FEP and CSF pleocytosis. A total of 36 patients who presented with FEP were enrolled. A score of ≥3 and ≤2 on the modified Rankin scale were defined as poor and good outcomes, respectively. A total of 13 independent variables were analyzed by the multivariate logistic regression analysis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Significant variables on univariate logistic regression analysis included female sex (OR 5.571, 95% CI: 1.297–23.934; <i>p</i> = 0.021) and the use of mechanical ventilation during the acute stage (OR 7.286, 95% CI: 1.508–35.211; <i>p</i> = 0.013). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, the use of mechanical ventilation during the acute stage (OR 5.446, 95% CI: 1.044–28.615; <i>p</i> = 0.044) was significantly associated with poor outcomes. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The use of mechanical ventilation is a poor prognostic factor of subacute encephalitis with FEP, and female sex may be a risk factor for unfavorable development of the disease.
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Misra S, Etkins OS, Yang LH, Williams DR. Structural Racism and Inequities in Incidence, Course of Illness, and Treatment of Psychotic Disorders Among Black Americans. Am J Public Health 2022; 112:624-632. [PMID: 35319958 PMCID: PMC8961835 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2021.306631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Psychotic disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder) are a leading cause of morbidity and premature mortality and an overlooked health inequity in the United States. European data indicate inequities in incidence, severity, and treatment of psychotic disorders, particularly for Black communities, that appear to be primarily attributable to social adversities. The dominant US narrative is that any observed differences are primarily a result of clinician bias and misdiagnosis. We propose that employing the framework of structural racism will prompt European and US research to converge and consider the multifaceted drivers of inequities in psychotic disorders among Black Americans. In particular, we describe how historical and contemporary practices of (1) racialized policing and incarceration, and (2) economic exploitation and disinvestment, which are already linked to other psychiatric disorders, likely contribute to risks and experiences of psychotic disorders among Black Americans. This framework can inform new strategies to (1) document the role of racism in the incidence, severity, and treatment of psychotic disorders; and (2) dismantle how racism operates in the United States, including defunding the police, abolishing carceral systems, and redirecting funds to invest in neighborhoods, housing, and community-based crisis response and mental health care. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(4):624-632. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306631).
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Misra
- Supriya Misra is with the Department of Public Health, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA. Onisha S. Etkins and David R. Williams are with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Lawrence H. Yang is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, New York University School of Global Public Health, New York, NY
| | - Onisha S Etkins
- Supriya Misra is with the Department of Public Health, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA. Onisha S. Etkins and David R. Williams are with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Lawrence H. Yang is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, New York University School of Global Public Health, New York, NY
| | - Lawrence H Yang
- Supriya Misra is with the Department of Public Health, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA. Onisha S. Etkins and David R. Williams are with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Lawrence H. Yang is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, New York University School of Global Public Health, New York, NY
| | - David R Williams
- Supriya Misra is with the Department of Public Health, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA. Onisha S. Etkins and David R. Williams are with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Lawrence H. Yang is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, New York University School of Global Public Health, New York, NY
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36
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Edinoff AN, Ellis ED, Nussdorf LM, Hill TW, Cornett EM, Kaye AM, Kaye AD. Antipsychotic Polypharmacy-Related Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality: A Comprehensive Review. Neurol Int 2022; 14:294-309. [PMID: 35324580 PMCID: PMC8954521 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint14010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder that exists at the more extreme end of a spectrum of diseases, and significantly affects daily functioning. Cardiovascular adverse effects of antipsychotic medications are well known, and include changes in blood pressure and arrhythmias. Sudden cardiac death is the leading cause of death worldwide, and antipsychotic medications are associated with numerous cardiac side effects. A possible link exists between antipsychotic medications and sudden cardiac death. Common prescribing patterns that may influence cardiovascular events include the use of multiple antipsychotics and/or additional drugs commonly prescribed to patients on antipsychotics. The results of this review reflect an association between antipsychotic drugs and increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death by iatrogenic prolongation of the QTc interval. QTc prolongation and sudden cardiac death exist in patients taking antipsychotic monotherapy. The risk increases for the concomitant use of specific drugs that prolong the QTc interval, such as opioids, antibiotics, and illicit drugs. However, evidence suggests that QTc intervals may not adequately predict sudden cardiac death. In considering the findings of this narrative review, we conclude that it is unclear whether there is a precise association between antipsychotic polypharmacy and sudden cardiac death with QTc interval changes. The present narrative review warrants further research on this important potential association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber N. Edinoff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center Shreveport, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(318)-675-8969
| | - Emily D. Ellis
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; (E.D.E.); (L.M.N.); (T.W.H.)
| | - Laura M. Nussdorf
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; (E.D.E.); (L.M.N.); (T.W.H.)
| | - Taylor W. Hill
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; (E.D.E.); (L.M.N.); (T.W.H.)
| | - Elyse M. Cornett
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; (E.M.C.); (A.D.K.)
| | - Adam M. Kaye
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA;
| | - Alan D. Kaye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA; (E.M.C.); (A.D.K.)
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Clinical Approaches to Late-Onset Psychosis. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12030381. [PMID: 35330384 PMCID: PMC8950304 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12030381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychosis can include schizophrenia, mood disorders with psychotic features, delusional disorder, active delirium, and neurodegenerative disorders accompanied by various psychotic symptoms. Late-onset psychosis requires careful intervention due to the greater associated risks of secondary psychosis; higher morbidity and mortality rates than early-onset psychosis; and complicated treatment considerations due to the higher incidence of adverse effects, even with the black box warning against antipsychotics. Pharmacological treatment, including antipsychotics, should be carefully initiated with the lowest dosage for short-term efficacy and monitoring of adverse side effects. Further research involving larger samples, more trials with different countries working in consortia, and unified operational definitions for diagnosis will help elaborate the clinical characteristics of late-onset psychosis and lead to the development of treatment approaches.
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Schroeder AH, Bogie BJM, Rahman TT, Thérond A, Matheson H, Guimond S. Feasibility and Efficacy of Virtual Reality Interventions to Improve Psychosocial Functioning in Psychosis: Systematic Review. JMIR Ment Health 2022; 9:e28502. [PMID: 35179501 PMCID: PMC8900915 DOI: 10.2196/28502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional recovery in psychosis remains a challenge despite current evidence-based treatment approaches. To address this problem, innovative interventions using virtual reality (VR) have recently been developed. VR technologies have enabled the development of realistic environments in which individuals with psychosis can receive psychosocial treatment interventions in more ecological settings than traditional clinics. These interventions may therefore increase the transfer of learned psychosocial skills to real-world environments, thereby promoting long-term functional recovery. However, the overall feasibility and efficacy of such interventions within the psychosis population remain unclear. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aims to investigate whether VR-based psychosocial interventions are feasible and enjoyable for individuals with psychosis, synthesize current evidence on the efficacy of VR-based psychosocial interventions for psychosis, and identify the limitations in the current literature to guide future research. METHODS This research followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed and PsycINFO in May 2021. We searched for peer-reviewed English articles that used a psychosocial intervention with a VR component. Participants in the included studies were diagnosed with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or another psychotic disorder. The included studies were divided into four categories as follows: cognitive remediation interventions, social skills interventions, vocational skills interventions, and auditory verbal hallucinations and paranoia interventions. The risk of bias assessment was performed for each study. RESULTS A total of 18 studies were included in this systematic review. Of these 18 studies, 4 (22%) studies used a cognitive remediation intervention, 4 (22%) studies used a social skills intervention, 3 (17%) studies used a vocational skills intervention, and 7 (39%) studies implemented an intervention aimed at improving auditory verbal hallucinations or paranoia. A total of 745 individuals with psychosis were included in the study. All the studies that evaluated feasibility showed that VR-based psychosocial interventions were feasible and enjoyable for individuals with psychosis. The preliminary evidence on efficacy included in this review suggests that VR-based psychosocial interventions can improve cognitive, social, and vocational skills in individuals with psychosis. VR-based interventions may also improve the symptoms of auditory verbal hallucinations and paranoia. The skills that participants learned through these interventions were durable, transferred into real-world environments, and led to improved functional outcomes, such as autonomy, managing housework, and work performance. CONCLUSIONS VR-based interventions may represent a novel and efficacious approach for improving psychosocial functioning in psychosis. Therefore, VR-based psychosocial interventions represent a promising adjunctive therapy for the treatment of psychosis, which may be used to improve psychosocial skills, community functioning, and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra H Schroeder
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Bryce J M Bogie
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Tabassum T Rahman
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alexandra Thérond
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Hannah Matheson
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Synthia Guimond
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, University of Quebec in Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Coleman EP, Croft RJ, Barkus E. The profile of unusual beliefs associated with metacognitive thinking and attributional styles. Psych J 2022; 11:296-309. [PMID: 35168296 PMCID: PMC9305741 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive interpretations of daily events may differ in people from the general population who hold unusual beliefs. It is also important to understand whether different belief profiles exist to appreciate which patterns of beliefs are less psychologically healthy. Cluster analysis was used to form unusual belief profiles in a general population sample (n = 578; Mage = 22 years, SD = 6.98; 80% female) across paranoid, paranormal, and magical ideation beliefs, and we assessed whether they differed in attribution style and metacognitive beliefs about worry. Four clusters were formed: low on all measures (low all); high on all measures (high all); comparably higher on paranormal beliefs (paranormal group); and comparably higher on paranoid beliefs (paranoid group). For total Metacognitions Questionnaire‐30, the high all and high paranoid clusters did not differ, and both clusters scored higher than the high paranormal group, who all scored higher than the low all cluster. For attributional styles (Attributional Styles Questionnaire), lower scores on internal positive attribution were found for the high all and high paranoid clusters compared to the low all and high paranormal clusters. The high paranormal cluster had higher scores than the high paranoid cluster on self‐serving bias. Differences in attributional style appeared to be driven by mental health diagnosis. Our results suggest different profiles of unusual beliefs are detectable in the general population that differ in their metacognitive beliefs and perceived causation of events in their environment. Future studies investigating delusional proneness need to consider multiple unusual beliefs as well as assessing mood state and distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elle P Coleman
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rodney J Croft
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.,Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma Barkus
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Özbudak P, Erçelebi H, Gücüyener K. Psychosis: a rare onset symptom of pediatric multiple sclerosis. Neurocase 2021; 27:474-476. [PMID: 34927555 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2021.2016859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric symptoms are common in multiple sclerosis (MS), but it is rarely associated with psychosis as the initial manifestation. Fourteen-year-old boy admitted with auditory hallucinations. His neurological examination was normal. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed multiple demyelinating lesions in the mesencephalon and periventricular regions. His IgG index was high and the oligoclonal band was positive. MS was diagnosed and pulsed corticosteroids were given and his psychotic symptoms regressed. After 22months, the patient presented with hemi-hypoesthesia, and repeated MRI showed new contrast enhancing lesion detected. His complaints completely resolved with pulse corticosteroid therapy. Increasing morbidity due to delay in MS treatment underlines the need to consider MS in the differential diagnosis of pediatric cases presenting with psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Özbudak
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, Gazi University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hakan Erçelebi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, Gazi University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kıvılcım Gücüyener
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, Gazi University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
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Ricci V, Martinotti G, Ceci F, Chiappini S, Di Carlo F, Burkauskas J, Susini O, Luciani D, Quattrone D, De Berardis D, Pettorruso M, Maina G, Di Giannantonio M. Duration of Untreated Disorder and Cannabis Use: An Observational Study on a Cohort of Young Italian Patients Experiencing Psychotic Experiences and Dissociative Symptoms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312632. [PMID: 34886357 PMCID: PMC8657003 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Duration of Untreated Psychosis (DUP) is the time between the first-episode psychosis (FEP) and the initiation of antipsychotic treatment. It is an important predictor of several disease-related outcomes in psychotic disorders. The aim of this manuscript is investigating the influence of cannabis on the DUP and its clinical correlates. METHODS During years 2014-2019, sixty-two FEP patients with and without cannabis use disorder (CUD) were recruited from several Italian psychiatric hospitals. The subjects were then divided into two groups based on the duration of the DUP and assessed at the beginning of the antipsychotic treatment and after 3 and 6 months, using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale, and the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES-II). RESULTS As expected, a longer DUP was associated with worse symptoms and cannabis use did not seem to affect the DUP, but both were related with more dissociative symptoms at onset and over time. DISCUSSION According to our study, cannabis use can be a predictor of FEP and DUP, and of disease outcome. However, several factors might influence the relationship between cannabis use and DUP. Preventing cannabis use and early diagnosis of psychotic disorders might impact the disease by reducing the persistence of symptoms and limiting dissociative experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Ricci
- Department of Neuroscience, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (V.R.); (G.M.)
| | - Giovanni Martinotti
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi G. D’Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.M.); (F.C.); (F.D.C.); (O.S.); (D.L.); (M.P.); (M.D.G.)
- Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Franca Ceci
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi G. D’Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.M.); (F.C.); (F.D.C.); (O.S.); (D.L.); (M.P.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Stefania Chiappini
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi G. D’Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.M.); (F.C.); (F.D.C.); (O.S.); (D.L.); (M.P.); (M.D.G.)
- Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesco Di Carlo
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi G. D’Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.M.); (F.C.); (F.D.C.); (O.S.); (D.L.); (M.P.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Julius Burkauskas
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 00135 Palanga, Lithuania;
| | - Ottavia Susini
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi G. D’Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.M.); (F.C.); (F.D.C.); (O.S.); (D.L.); (M.P.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Debora Luciani
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi G. D’Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.M.); (F.C.); (F.D.C.); (O.S.); (D.L.); (M.P.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Diego Quattrone
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK;
| | - Domenico De Berardis
- NHS, Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Service for Diagnosis and Treatment, Hospital “G. Mazzini”, ASL 4, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Mauro Pettorruso
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi G. D’Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.M.); (F.C.); (F.D.C.); (O.S.); (D.L.); (M.P.); (M.D.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Maina
- Department of Neuroscience, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (V.R.); (G.M.)
| | - Massimo Di Giannantonio
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi G. D’Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (G.M.); (F.C.); (F.D.C.); (O.S.); (D.L.); (M.P.); (M.D.G.)
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Miranda L, Paul R, Pütz B, Koutsouleris N, Müller-Myhsok B. Systematic Review of Functional MRI Applications for Psychiatric Disease Subtyping. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:665536. [PMID: 34744805 PMCID: PMC8569315 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.665536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Psychiatric disorders have been historically classified using symptom information alone. Recently, there has been a dramatic increase in research interest not only in identifying the mechanisms underlying defined pathologies but also in redefining their etiology. This is particularly relevant for the field of personalized medicine, which searches for data-driven approaches to improve diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment selection for individual patients. Methods: This review aims to provide a high-level overview of the rapidly growing field of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) from the perspective of unsupervised machine learning applications for disease subtyping. Following the PRISMA guidelines for protocol reproducibility, we searched the PubMed database for articles describing functional MRI applications used to obtain, interpret, or validate psychiatric disease subtypes. We also employed the active learning framework ASReview to prioritize publications in a machine learning-guided way. Results: From the 20 studies that met the inclusion criteria, five used functional MRI data to interpret symptom-derived disease clusters, four used it to interpret clusters derived from biomarker data other than fMRI itself, and 11 applied clustering techniques involving fMRI directly. Major depression disorder and schizophrenia were the two most frequently studied pathologies (35% and 30% of the retrieved studies, respectively), followed by ADHD (15%), psychosis as a whole (10%), autism disorder (5%), and the consequences of early exposure to violence (5%). Conclusions: The increased interest in personalized medicine and data-driven disease subtyping also extends to psychiatric disorders. However, to date, this subfield is at an incipient exploratory stage, and all retrieved studies were mostly proofs of principle where further validation and increased sample sizes are craved for. Whereas results for all explored diseases are inconsistent, we believe this reflects the need for concerted, multisite data collection efforts with a strong focus on measuring the generalizability of results. Finally, whereas functional MRI is the best way of measuring brain function available to date, its low signal-to-noise ratio and elevated monetary cost make it a poor clinical alternative. Even with technology progressing and costs decreasing, this might incentivize the search for more accessible, clinically ready functional proxies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Miranda
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Riya Paul
- Department of Precision Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Section for Neurodiagnostic Applications, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Benno Pütz
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Koutsouleris
- Department of Precision Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Section for Neurodiagnostic Applications, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Department of Health Data Science, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Rigney G, Ayubcha C, Werner TJ, Alavi A, Revheim ME. The utility of PET imaging in the diagnosis and management of psychosis: a brief review. Clin Transl Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-021-00466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Advances in the pathophysiological characterization of psychosis has led to a newfound role of biomarkers in diagnostic and prognostic contexts. Further, advances in the accuracy and sensitivity of nuclear medicine imaging techniques, and specifically positron emission tomography (PET), have improved the ability to diagnose and manage individuals experiencing first-episode psychosis or those at greater risk for developing psychosis.
Methods
Literature searches were performed in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science to identify papers related to the use of PET imaging in the diagnosis or management of psychosis. Search terms used included “positron emission tomography”, “PET imaging”, “psychosis”, “disorders of psychosis”, “schizophrenia”, “biomarkers”, “diagnostic biomarkers”, “prognostic biomarker”, “monitoring biomarker”, “outcome biomarker”, and “predictive biomarker.”
Results
Studies included fell into three categories: those examining microglia, those studying dopamine synthesis capacity, and those examining acetylcholine receptor activity. Microglial imaging has been shown to be ineffective in all patients with psychosis, but some believe it shows promise in a subset of patients with psychosis, although no defining characteristics of said subset have been postulated. Studies of dopamine synthesis capacity suggest that presynaptic dopamine is reliably elevated in patients with psychosis, but levels of dopamine active transporter are not. Further, positron emission tomography (PET) with [18F]fluoro-l-dihydroxyphenylalanine ([18F]FDOPA)-PET has been recently used successfully as a predictive biomarker of dopaminergic treatment response, although more work is needed to validate such findings. Finally, existing studies have also documented lower levels of binding to the α7 nicotinic cholinergic receptor (α7-nAChR) via [18F]-ASEM PET in patients with psychosis, however there is a dearth of prospective, randomized studies evaluating the efficacy of [18F]-ASEM as a diagnostic or monitoring biomarker of any kind.
Conclusion
Molecular imaging has become a useful tool in the diagnosis and management of psychosis. Further work must be done to improve the comparative prognostic value and diagnostic accuracy of different radiotracers.
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Suárez-Pinilla P, Suárez-Pinilla M, Setién-Suero E, Ortiz-García de la Foz V, Mayoral-Van Son J, Vázquez-Bourgon J, Gómez-Revuelta M, Juncal-Ruíz M, Ayesa-Arriola R, Crespo-Facorro B. Stability of schizophrenia diagnosis in a 10-year longitudinal study on first episode of non-affective psychosis: Conclusions from the PAFIP cohort. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2021; 144:342-357. [PMID: 34228812 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the 10-year stability of schizophrenia diagnosis in a cohort of first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients and the factors associated with it. METHODS Changes in diagnosis of 209 FEP patients were described during 10 years of follow-up. Related factors with maintenance or change of schizophrenia diagnosis were evaluated in prospective and retrospective approaches through binary logistic regressions, ROC and survival curves. RESULTS Out of the 209 patients, 126 were diagnosed of schizophrenia 6 months after their inclusion in the clinical program. Prospective analyses showed that eight of those 126 schizophrenia patients had changed to a different diagnosis after 10 years, and predictors of change were better childhood premorbid adjustment, less severity of clinical global impression at baseline, and diagnosis of comorbid personality disorder during follow-up. Retrospectively, out of the 154 patients with schizophrenia in the 10-year assessment, 36 had a different diagnosis at baseline, and those factors related to a different prior diagnosis than schizophrenia were better socioeconomic status and shorter duration of untreated psychosis (DUP). A survival analysis on the timing of schizophrenia diagnosis showed that male gender and longer DUP were predictors of earlier definite diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Diagnostic stability of schizophrenia in our FEP sample is high, especially prospective stability, and the group of patients with diagnostic change corresponded to a milder psychopathological profile before and at the onset of disease. Moreover, we observed a cautious attitude in the diagnosis of schizophrenia in patients with shorter DUP who had schizophrenia diagnosis after 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Suárez-Pinilla
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Suárez-Pinilla
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College of London, London, UK
| | - Esther Setién-Suero
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Ortiz-García de la Foz
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jacqueline Mayoral-Van Son
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío - IBiS, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Javier Vázquez-Bourgon
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos Gómez-Revuelta
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - María Juncal-Ruíz
- Department of Psychiatry, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, Sierrallana Hospital, University of Cantabria, Torrelavega, Spain
| | - Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío - IBiS, Sevilla, Spain
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Neef J, Palacios DS. Progress in mechanistically novel treatments for schizophrenia. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1459-1475. [PMID: 34671731 PMCID: PMC8459322 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00096a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently available pharmacological treatments for schizophrenia derive their activity mainly by directly modulating the D2 receptor. This mode of action can alleviate the positive symptoms of schizophrenia but do not address the negative or cognitive symptoms of the disease and carry a heavy side effect burden that leads to high levels of patient non-compliance. Novel mechanisms to treat the positive symptoms of schizophrenia with improved tolerability, as well as medicines to treat negative and cognitive symptoms are urgently required. Recent efforts to identify small molecules for schizophrenia with non-D2 mechanisms will be highlighted, with a focus on those that have reached clinical development. Finally, the potential for disease modifying treatments for schizophrenia will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Neef
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Inc 22 Windsor St Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Daniel S Palacios
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Inc 22 Windsor St Cambridge MA 02139 USA
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Intracerebral Hemorrhage, Visual Hallucination and COVID-19: What Is the Connection? A Case-Related Review of the Literature on Peduncular Hallucinosis Following Intracerebral Hemorrhage. CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/ctn5020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous publications have discussed the occurrence of intracerebral hemorrhages, hallucinations and psychosis in COVID-19 patients. In this article, we have reviewed the literature on the subject while depicting the case of a 63-year-old female patient who suffered from an intracerebral hemorrhage in the right basal ganglia and thalamus two weeks after a COVID-19 diagnosis and who developed a visual hallucinosis shortly after. We concluded that, while there may be a correlation between COVID-19 and hallucinations according to current literature, more research is yet needed to clarify. In our case, we rather interpreted the hallucinations in the context of a peduncular hallucinosis related to the intracerebral hemorrhage. We compared our patient’s lesion localization to other 15 reported cases of peduncular hallucinations following intracerebral hemorrhages reported on Pubmed. In summary, the lesions were localized in the pons in 52.9% of the cases, 17.7% were in the thalamus and/or the basal ganglia, 17.7% in the mesencephalon and respectively 5.8% in the temporal and occipital lobe. The distribution pattern we found is consistent with the previously proposed mechanism behind peduncular hallucinations.
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Shukla R, Kar SK. Comments on "Naturalistic outcome of medication-naïve obsessive-compulsive disorder treated with serotonin reuptake inhibitors". Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 62:102734. [PMID: 34116368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richa Shukla
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, U.P., India
| | - Sujita Kumar Kar
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, U.P., India.
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Fu Z, Iraji A, Sui J, Calhoun VD. Whole-Brain Functional Network Connectivity Abnormalities in Affective and Non-Affective Early Phase Psychosis. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:682110. [PMID: 34220438 PMCID: PMC8250435 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.682110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychosis disorders share overlapping symptoms and are characterized by a wide-spread breakdown in functional brain integration. Although neuroimaging studies have identified numerous connectivity abnormalities in affective and non-affective psychoses, whether they have specific or unique connectivity abnormalities, especially within the early stage is still poorly understood. The early phase of psychosis is a critical period with fewer chronic confounds and when treatment intervention may be most effective. In this work, we examined whole-brain functional network connectivity (FNC) from both static and dynamic perspectives in patients with affective psychosis (PAP) or with non-affective psychosis (PnAP) and healthy controls (HCs). A fully automated independent component analysis (ICA) pipeline called "Neuromark" was applied to high-quality functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data with 113 early-phase psychosis patients (32 PAP and 81 PnAP) and 52 HCs. Relative to the HCs, both psychosis groups showed common abnormalities in static FNC (sFNC) between the thalamus and sensorimotor domain, and between subcortical regions and the cerebellum. PAP had specifically decreased sFNC between the superior temporal gyrus and the paracentral lobule, and between the cerebellum and the middle temporal gyrus/inferior parietal lobule. On the other hand, PnAP showed increased sFNC between the fusiform gyrus and the superior medial frontal gyrus. Dynamic FNC (dFNC) was investigated using a combination of a sliding window approach, clustering analysis, and graph analysis. Three reoccurring brain states were identified, among which both psychosis groups had fewer occurrences in one antagonism state (state 2) and showed decreased network efficiency within an intermediate state (state 1). Compared with HCs and PnAP, PAP also showed a significantly increased number of state transitions, indicating more unstable brain connections in affective psychosis. We further found that the identified connectivity features were associated with the overall positive and negative syndrome scale, an assessment instrument for general psychopathology and positive symptoms. Our findings support the view that subcortical-cortical information processing is disrupted within five years of the initial onset of psychosis and provide new evidence that abnormalities in both static and dynamic connectivity consist of shared and unique features for the early affective and non-affective psychoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zening Fu
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Armin Iraji
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jing Sui
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Centre for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Psychology and Computer Science, Neuroscience Institute and Physics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Gibson JS, Claassen DO. State-of-the-art pharmacological approaches to reduce chorea in Huntington's disease. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 22:1015-1024. [PMID: 33550875 PMCID: PMC8222076 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1876666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Chorea is a common motor manifestation of Huntington's disease (HD). Two vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 (VMAT-2) inhibitors have been approved by the FDA for treatment of HD chorea, and a third is currently being assessed in a phase 3 trial. Antipsychotic therapies are used off-label for treatment of chorea and can treat comorbid psychiatric symptoms. There is considerable clinical equipoise regarding the safe and effective treatment of chorea and comorbid symptoms in HD.Areas covered: The authors review existing medications used to treat HD chorea in the United States of America (USA). Implications for common comorbid symptoms (e.g. psychiatric, metabolic) are also discussed. Available therapies vary widely in cost, dosing frequency, and off -target effects, both beneficial or negative.Expert opinion: Treatment considerations for chorea should account for patient comorbidities. The authors recommend prospective, observational clinical effectiveness studies which can evaluate the long-term comparative effectiveness and safety of VMAT-2 inhibitors and antipsychotics in HD. Data regarding safety of dual therapy is another critical need. This is especially timely given the changing landscape of HD therapies which may increase cost burden and possibly extend both asymptomatic and symptomatic years for HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel O. Claassen
- Department of Neurology, Division of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
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Mousavi SB, Higgs P, Piri N, Sadri E, Pourghasem M, Jafarzadeh Fakhari S, Noroozi M, Miladinia M, Ahounbar E, Sharhani A. Prevalence of Substance Use among Psychotic Patients and Determining Its Strongest Predictor. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2021; 16:124-130. [PMID: 34221037 PMCID: PMC8233556 DOI: 10.18502/ijps.v16i2.5812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Although comorbidity of psychotic disorders and substance use can lead to increase in mortality, less is known about the outbreak and predictors. Psychotic patients tend to be overlooked during assessment; hence, the possibility of an undertreated or missed condition such as increasing substance use. This investigation aimed to measure the prevalence of substance use in psychotic patients and to survey the powerful predictors. Method: In a 1-year cross-sectional study, 311 psychotic patients were assessed using the Structured Interview Based on DSM-5 for diagnostic confirmation as well as questions surveying prevalence and possible predictors of substance use. Results: Prevalence of substance use among psychotic patients was 37.9%. Several variables were identified as factors associated with drug abuse among the psychotic patients. These included male gender, younger age, being currently homeless, a history of imprisonment, and having family history of drug use. The strongest predictors of substance use, however, were family history of drug use, male gender, and being currently homelessness. Conclusion: Policymakers should note the importance of substance use among psychotic patients. Developing active screening strategies and comprehensive preventive plans, especially in the high-risk population, is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Higgs
- Department of Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 3083 Australia
| | - Negar Piri
- School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ensieh Sadri
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Matina Pourghasem
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Jafarzadeh Fakhari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Noroozi
- Psychosis Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Miladinia
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Elaheh Ahounbar
- Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asaad Sharhani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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