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Chen J, Wei Y, Zhou J, Cao X, Yuan R, Lu Y, Guo Y, Shao X, Sun W, Jia M, Chen X. Tributyltin-induced oxidative stress causes developmental damage in the cardiovascular system of zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118811. [PMID: 38555090 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) can be used as an antifouling agent with anticorrosive, antiseptic and antifungal properties and is widely used in wood preservation and ship painting. However, it has recently been found that TBT can be harmful to aquatic organisms. In this study, to gain insight into the effects of TBT with respect to the development of the cardiovascular system in zebrafish embryos, zebrafish embryos were exposed to different concentrations of TBT solutions (0.2 μg/L, 1 μg/L, and 2 μg/L) at 2 h post-fertilization (hpf) TBT exposure resulted in decreased hatchability and heart rate, deformed features such as pericardial edema, yolk sac edema, and spinal curvature in zebrafish embryos, and impaired heart development. Expression of cardiac development-related genes (vmhc, myh6, nkx2.5, tbx5a, gata4, tbx2b, nppa) is dysregulated. Transgenic zebrafish Tg (fli1: EGFP) were used to explore the effects of TBT exposure on vascular development. It was found that TBT exposure could lead to impaired development of intersegmental vessels (ISVs), common cardinal vein (CCV), subintestinal vessels (SIVs) and cerebrovascular. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway-related genes (flt1, flt4, kdr, vegfa) was downregulated. Biochemical indices showed that ROS and MDA levels were significantly elevated and that SOD and CAT activities were significantly reduced. The expression of key genes for prostacyclin synthesis (pla2, ptgs2a, ptgs2b, ptgis, ptgs1) is abnormal. Therefore, it is possible that oxidative stress induced by TBT exposure leads to the blockage of arachidonic acid (AA) production in zebrafish embryos, which affects prostacyclin synthesis and consequently the normal development of the heart and blood vessels in zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Yinyin Wei
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Jiameng Zhou
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Xianglin Cao
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Rongjie Yuan
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Yaoyajie Lu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Yi Guo
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Xue Shao
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Weidi Sun
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Mengtao Jia
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Xiuli Chen
- Ecological Environment College, Baotou Teachers' College, Baotou, 014030, China.
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2
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Lee C, Xu S, Samad T, Goodyer WR, Raissadati A, Heinrich P, Wu SM. The cardiac conduction system: History, development, and disease. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 156:157-200. [PMID: 38556422 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The heart is the first organ to form during embryonic development, establishing the circulatory infrastructure necessary to sustain life and enable downstream organogenesis. Critical to the heart's function is its ability to initiate and propagate electrical impulses that allow for the coordinated contraction and relaxation of its chambers, and thus, the movement of blood and nutrients. Several specialized structures within the heart, collectively known as the cardiac conduction system (CCS), are responsible for this phenomenon. In this review, we discuss the discovery and scientific history of the mammalian cardiac conduction system as well as the key genes and transcription factors implicated in the formation of its major structures. We also describe known human diseases related to CCS development and explore existing challenges in the clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carissa Lee
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Sidra Xu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Tahmina Samad
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - William R Goodyer
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Alireza Raissadati
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Paul Heinrich
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Regenerative Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases, First Department of Medicine, Cardiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine and Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Sean M Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
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3
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Papaioannou VE, Behringer RR. Analysis of Mid- to Late-Gestation Phenotypes in Mice. Cold Spring Harb Protoc 2024; 2024:107973. [PMID: 37932082 DOI: 10.1101/pdb.over107973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Mid- to late gestation is characterized by tissue differentiation, maturation, organogenesis, and growth, and many mutant genes have detrimental effects during this phase of development. The outcome may be lethal before birth or may be compatible with life but result in birth defects. Some of the common causes of death during late gestation are hematopoietic defects, cardiovascular problems, and placental insufficiency. Many morphological abnormalities, lethal or not, can be investigated with gross and histological analyses or by visualization of the developing skeleton. Molecular characterization of mutant phenotypes, guided by the expression pattern of the mutant gene, can reveal disruptions in gene expression patterns of known developmental genes. Cell proliferation and cell death assays will reveal disruptions in cellular dynamics. Various modalities of 3D imaging of intact embryos can provide volumetric information about mutant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia E Papaioannou
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Richard R Behringer
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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4
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van der Maarel LE, Christoffels VM. Development of the Cardiac Conduction System. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1441:185-200. [PMID: 38884712 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The electrical impulses that coordinate the sequential, rhythmic contractions of the atria and ventricles are initiated and tightly regulated by the specialized tissues of the cardiac conduction system. In the mature heart, these impulses are generated by the pacemaker cardiomyocytes of the sinoatrial node, propagated through the atria to the atrioventricular node where they are delayed and then rapidly propagated to the atrioventricular bundle, right and left bundle branches, and finally, the peripheral ventricular conduction system. Each of these specialized components arise by complex patterning events during embryonic development. This chapter addresses the origins and transcriptional networks and signaling pathways that drive the development and maintain the function of the cardiac conduction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieve E van der Maarel
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent M Christoffels
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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5
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Zuo Y, Chen C, Liu F, Hu H, Wen C, Dong S, Liao X, Cao Z, Shi X, Zhong Z, Chen J, Lu H. Benzophenone induces cardiac developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos by upregulating Wnt signaling. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140283. [PMID: 37775055 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Benzophenone (BP) is found in many popular consumer products, such as cosmetics. BP potential toxicity to humans and aquatic organisms has emerged as an increased concern. In current study, we utilized a zebrafish model to assess BP-induced developmental cardiotoxicity. Following BP exposure, zebrafish embryos exhibited developmental toxicity, including increased mortality, reduced hatchability, delayed yolk sac absorption, and shortened body length. Besides, BP exposure induced cardiac defects in zebrafish embryos, comprising pericardial edema, reduced myocardial contractility and rhythm disturbances, and altered expression levels of cardiac developmental marker genes. Mechanistically, BP exposure disturbed the redox state and increased the level of apoptosis in zebrafish cardiomyocytes. Transcriptional expression levels of Wnt signaling genes, involving lef1, axin2, and β-catenin, were upregulated after BP treatment. Inhibition of Wnt signaling with IWR-1 could rescue the BP-induced cardiotoxicity in zebrafish. In summary, BP exposure causes cardiotoxicity via upregulation of the Wnt signaling pathway in zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Zuo
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200331, China
| | - Fasheng Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Center for Clinical Medicine Research of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hongmei Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200331, China
| | - Chao Wen
- Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Center for Clinical Medicine Research of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Si Dong
- Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Center for Clinical Medicine Research of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinjun Liao
- Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Center for Clinical Medicine Research of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zigang Cao
- Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Center for Clinical Medicine Research of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoyun Shi
- Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Center for Clinical Medicine Research of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zilin Zhong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200331, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200331, China.
| | - Huiqiang Lu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Center for Clinical Medicine Research of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China.
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6
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Ye J, Niu Y, Peng Y, Huang J, Wang H, Fu Q, Li F, Xu R, Chen S, Xu Y, Sun K. Analysis of pathogenic variants in 605 Chinese children with non-syndromic cardiac conotruncal defects based on targeted sequencing. Genomics 2023; 115:110676. [PMID: 37406974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Deleterious genetic variants comprise one cause of cardiac conotruncal defects (CTDs). Genes associated with CTDs are gradually being identified. In the present study, we aimed to explore the profile of genetic variants of CTD-associated genes in Chinese patients with non-syndromic CTDs. METHODS Thirty-nine CTD-related genes were selected after reviewing published articles in NCBI, HGMD, OMIM, and HPO. In total, 605 patients with non-syndromic CTDs and 300 healthy controls, all of Han ethnicity, were recruited. High-throughput targeted sequencing was used to detect genetic variants in the protein-coding regions of genes. We performed rigorous variant-level filtrations to identify potentially damaging variants (Dvars) using prediction programs including CADD, SIFT, PolyPhen-2, and MutationTaster. RESULT Dvars were detected in 66.7% (26/39) of the targeted CTD-associated genes. In total, 11.07% (67/605) of patients with non-syndromic CTDs were found to carry one or more Dvars in targeted CTD-associated genes. Dvars in FOXH1, TBX2, NFATC1, FOXC2, and FOXC1 were common in the CTD cohort (1.5% [9/605], 1.2% [7/605], 1.2% [7/605], 1% [6/605], and 0.5% [3/605], respectively). CONCLUSION Targeted exon sequencing is a cost-effective approach for the genetic diagnosis of CTDs. Our findings contribute to an understanding of the genetic architecture of non-syndromic CTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiaJun Ye
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yiwei Niu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yongxuan Peng
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jihong Huang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Huiying Wang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qihua Fu
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Fen Li
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Rang Xu
- Scientific Research Center, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Sun Chen
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yuejuan Xu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Kun Sun
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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7
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De Bono C, Liu Y, Ferrena A, Valentine A, Zheng D, Morrow BE. Single-cell transcriptomics uncovers a non-autonomous Tbx1-dependent genetic program controlling cardiac neural crest cell development. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1551. [PMID: 36941249 PMCID: PMC10027855 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of cardiac neural crest cells (CNCCs) results in congenital heart disease, yet we do not understand the cell fate dynamics as these cells differentiate to vascular smooth muscle cells. Here we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing of NCCs from the pharyngeal apparatus with the heart in control mouse embryos and when Tbx1, the gene for 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, is inactivated. We uncover three dynamic transitions of pharyngeal NCCs expressing Tbx2 and Tbx3 through differentiated CNCCs expressing cardiac transcription factors with smooth muscle genes. These transitions are altered non-autonomously by loss of Tbx1. Further, inactivation of Tbx2 and Tbx3 in early CNCCs results in aortic arch branching defects due to failed smooth muscle differentiation. Loss of Tbx1 interrupts mesoderm to CNCC cell-cell communication with upregulation and premature activation of BMP signaling and reduced MAPK signaling, as well as alteration of other signaling, and failed dynamic transitions of CNCCs leading to disruption of aortic arch artery formation and cardiac outflow tract septation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher De Bono
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Ferrena
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Aneesa Valentine
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Bernice E Morrow
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology; and Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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8
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Bi Z, Li X, Ren M, Gu Y, Zhu T, Li S, Wang G, Sun S, Sun Y, Liu Z. Development and transdifferentiation into inner hair cells require Tbx2. Natl Sci Rev 2022; 9:nwac156. [PMID: 36687561 PMCID: PMC9844247 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Atoh1 is essential for the development of both outer hair cells (OHCs) and inner hair cells (IHCs) in the mammalian cochlea. Whereas Ikzf2 is necessary for OHC development, the key gene required for IHC development remains unknown. We found that deletion of Tbx2 in neonatal IHCs led to their transdifferentiation into OHCs by repressing 26.7% of IHC genes and inducing 56.3% of OHC genes, including Ikzf2. More importantly, persistent expression of Tbx2 coupled with transient Atoh1 expression effectively reprogrammed non-sensory supporting cells into new IHCs expressing the functional IHC marker vGlut3. The differentiation status of these new IHCs was considerably more advanced than that previously reported. Thus, Tbx2 is essential for IHC development and co-upregulation of Tbx2 with Atoh1 in supporting cells represents a new approach for treating deafness related to IHC degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yunpeng Gu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shuting Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangqin Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Suhong Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuwei Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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9
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McIntyre AJ, Angel CZ, Smith JS, Templeman A, Beattie K, Beattie S, Ormrod A, Devlin E, McGreevy C, Bothwell C, Eddie SL, Buckley NE, Williams R, Mullan PB. TBX2 acts as a potent transcriptional silencer of tumour suppressor genes through interaction with the CoREST complex to sustain the proliferation of breast cancers. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:6154-6173. [PMID: 35687133 PMCID: PMC9226508 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome 17q23 amplification occurs in 20% of primary breast tumours and is associated with poor outcome. The TBX2 gene is located on 17q23 and is often over-expressed in this breast tumour subset. TBX2 is an anti-senescence gene, promoting cell growth and survival through repression of Tumour Suppressor Genes (TSGs), such as NDRG1 and CST6. Previously we found that TBX2 cooperates with the PRC2 complex to repress several TSGs, and that PRC2 inhibition restored NDRG1 expression to impede cellular proliferation. Here, we now identify CoREST proteins, LSD1 and ZNF217, as novel interactors of TBX2. Genetic or pharmacological targeting of CoREST emulated TBX2 loss, inducing NDRG1 expression and abolishing breast cancer growth in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we uncover that TBX2/CoREST targeting of NDRG1 is achieved by recruitment of TBX2 to the NDRG1 promoter by Sp1, the abolishment of which resulted in NDRG1 upregulation and diminished cancer cell proliferation. Through ChIP-seq we reveal that 30% of TBX2-bound promoters are shared with ZNF217 and identify novel targets repressed by TBX2/CoREST; of these targets a lncRNA, LINC00111, behaves as a negative regulator of cell proliferation. Overall, these data indicate that inhibition of CoREST proteins represents a promising therapeutic intervention for TBX2-addicted breast tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J McIntyre
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Charlotte Z Angel
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - James S Smith
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Amy Templeman
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Katherine Beattie
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Shannon Beattie
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Alice Ormrod
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Eadaoin Devlin
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Charles McGreevy
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Chloe Bothwell
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Sharon L Eddie
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Niamh E Buckley
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Rich Williams
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Paul B Mullan
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
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10
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Lopatka A, Moon AM. Complex functional redundancy of Tbx2 and Tbx3 in mouse limb development. Dev Dyn 2022; 251:1613-1627. [PMID: 35506352 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The limb phenotypes of Tbx2 and Tbx3 mutants are distinct: loss of Tbx2 results in isolated duplication of digit 4 in the hindlimb while loss of Tbx3 results in anterior polydactyly and posterior oligodactly in the forelimb. In the face of such disparate phenotypes, we sought to determine whether Tbx2 and Tbx3 have functional redundancy during development of the mouse limb. We found that sequential loss of alleles generates defects that are not simply additive of those observed in single mutants and that multiple structures in both the forelimb and hindlimb display compound sensitivity to decreased gene dosage. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alika Lopatka
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anne M Moon
- Department of Molecular and Functional Genomics, Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Hess Center for Science and Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
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11
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Feulner L, van Vliet PP, Puceat M, Andelfinger G. Endocardial Regulation of Cardiac Development. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9050122. [PMID: 35621833 PMCID: PMC9144171 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9050122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocardium is a specialized form of endothelium that lines the inner side of the heart chambers and plays a crucial role in cardiac development. While comparatively less studied than other cardiac cell types, much progress has been made in understanding the regulation of and by the endocardium over the past two decades. In this review, we will summarize what is currently known regarding endocardial origin and development, the relationship between endocardium and other cardiac cell types, and the various lineages that endocardial cells derive from and contribute to. These processes are driven by key molecular mechanisms such as Notch and BMP signaling. These pathways in particular have been well studied, but other signaling pathways and mechanical cues also play important roles. Finally, we will touch on the contribution of stem cell modeling in combination with single cell sequencing and its potential translational impact for congenital heart defects such as bicuspid aortic valves and hypoplastic left heart syndrome. The detailed understanding of cellular and molecular processes in the endocardium will be vital to further develop representative stem cell-derived models for disease modeling and regenerative medicine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Feulner
- Cardiovascular Genetics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (L.F.); (P.P.v.V.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Patrick Piet van Vliet
- Cardiovascular Genetics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (L.F.); (P.P.v.V.)
- LIA (International Associated Laboratory) CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada;
- LIA (International Associated Laboratory) INSERM, 13885 Marseille, France
| | - Michel Puceat
- LIA (International Associated Laboratory) CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada;
- LIA (International Associated Laboratory) INSERM, 13885 Marseille, France
- INSERM U-1251, Marseille Medical Genetics, Aix-Marseille University, 13885 Marseille, France
| | - Gregor Andelfinger
- Cardiovascular Genetics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada; (L.F.); (P.P.v.V.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Correspondence:
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12
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Almonaem ERA, Soliman DR, El Sayed MAM, Ahmed IA, Abdelrahman EG. Association between SNP rs59382073 in TBX2 3′ UTR and susceptibility to congenital heart diseases. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Bi Y, Yang Z, Jin M, Zhai K, Wang J, Mao Y, Liu Y, Ding M, Wang H, Wang F, Cai H, Ji G. ERp44 is required for endocardial cushion development by regulating VEGFA secretion in myocardium. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13179. [PMID: 35088919 PMCID: PMC8891561 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Endocardial cushions are precursors of the valve septum complex that separates the four heart chambers. Several genes have been implicated in the development of endocardial cushions. Specifically, ERp44 has been found to play a role in the early secretory pathway, but its function in heart development has not been well studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we established conditional and tissue-specific knockout mouse models. The morphology, survival rate, the development of heart and endocardial cushion were under evaluation. The relationship between ERp44 and VEGFA was investigated by transcriptome, qPCR, WB, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS ERp44 knockout (KO) mice were smaller in size, and most mice died during early postnatal life. KO hearts exhibited the typical phenotypes of congenital heart diseases, such as abnormal heart shapes and severe septal and valvular defects. Similar phenotypes were found in cTNT-Cre+/- ; ERp44fl / fl mice, which indicated that myocardial ERp44 principally controls endocardial cushion formation. Further studies demonstrated that the deletion of ERp44 significantly decreased the proliferation of cushion cells and impaired the endocardial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), which was followed by endocardial cushion dysplasia. Finally, we found that ERp44 was directly bound to VEGFA and controlled its release, further regulating EndMT. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that ERp44 plays a specific role in heart development. ERp44 contributes to the development of the endocardial cushion by affecting VEGFA-mediated EndMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youkun Bi
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary ResearchInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhiguang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary ResearchInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Meng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary ResearchInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Kui Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary ResearchInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary ResearchInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yang Mao
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary ResearchInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary ResearchInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Mingqin Ding
- National Institute of Biological SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Huiwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary ResearchInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Fengchao Wang
- National Institute of Biological SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hong Cai
- Department of DermatologyAir Force Medical CenterPLABeijingChina
| | - Guangju Ji
- Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary ResearchInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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14
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Mäkitie RE, Toiviainen-Salo S, Kaitila I, Mäkitie O. A Novel Osteochondrodysplasia With Empty Sella Associates With a TBX2 Variant. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:845889. [PMID: 35311234 PMCID: PMC8927981 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.845889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal dysplasias comprise a heterogenous group of developmental disorders of skeletal and cartilaginous tissues. Several different forms have been described and the full spectrum of their clinical manifestations and underlying genetic causes are still incompletely understood. We report a three-generation Finnish family with an unusual, autosomal dominant form of osteochondrodysplasia and an empty sella. Affected individuals (age range 24-44 years) exhibit unusual codfish-shaped vertebrae, severe early-onset and debilitating osteoarthritis and an empty sella without endocrine abnormalities. Clinical characteristics also include mild dysmorphic features, reduced sitting height ratio, and obesity. Whole-exome sequencing excluded known skeletal dysplasias and identified a novel heterozygous missense mutation c.899C>T (p.Thr300Met) in TBX2, confirmed by Sanger sequencing. TBX2 is important for development of the skeleton and the brain and three prior reports have described variations in TBX2 in patients portraying a complex phenotype with vertebral anomalies, craniofacial dysmorphism and endocrine dysfunctions. Our mutation lies near a previously reported disease-causing variant and is predicted pathogenic with deleterious effects on protein function. Our findings expand the current spectrum of skeletal dysplasias, support the association of TBX2 mutations with skeletal dysplasia and suggest a role for TBX2 in development of the spinal and craniofacial structures and the pituitary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka E. Mäkitie
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Riikka E. Mäkitie,
| | - Sanna Toiviainen-Salo
- Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Medical Imaging Center, Pediatric Radiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilkka Kaitila
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Children’s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Ontoria-Oviedo I, Földes G, Tejedor S, Panadero J, Kitani T, Vázquez A, Wu JC, Harding SE, Sepúlveda P. Modeling Transposition of the Great Arteries with Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413270. [PMID: 34948064 PMCID: PMC8705900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The dextro-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) is one of the most common congenital heart diseases. To identify biological processes that could be related to the development of d-TGA, we established induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from two patients with d-TGA and from two healthy subjects (as controls) and differentiated them into endothelial cells (iPSC-ECs). iPSC-EC transcriptome profiling and bioinformatics analysis revealed differences in the expression level of genes involved in circulatory system and animal organ development. iPSC-ECs from patients with d-TGA showed impaired ability to develop tubular structures in an in vitro capillary-like tube formation assay, and interactome studies revealed downregulation of biological processes related to Notch signaling, circulatory system development and angiogenesis, pointing to alterations in vascular structure development. Our study provides an iPSC-based cellular model to investigate the etiology of d-TGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imelda Ontoria-Oviedo
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (S.T.); (A.V.)
- Correspondence: (I.O.-O.); (P.S.); Tel.: +34-96-1246632 (I.O.-O.); +34-96-1246635 (P.S.)
| | - Gabor Földes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; (G.F.); (S.E.H.)
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, H1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sandra Tejedor
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (S.T.); (A.V.)
| | - Joaquín Panadero
- IGENOMIX S.L., Edificios Europark, Parque Tecnológico, 46980 Paterna, Spain;
| | - Tomoya Kitani
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (T.K.); (J.C.W.)
| | - Alejandro Vázquez
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (S.T.); (A.V.)
| | - Joseph C. Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (T.K.); (J.C.W.)
| | - Sian E. Harding
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; (G.F.); (S.E.H.)
| | - Pilar Sepúlveda
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (S.T.); (A.V.)
- Correspondence: (I.O.-O.); (P.S.); Tel.: +34-96-1246632 (I.O.-O.); +34-96-1246635 (P.S.)
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16
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Min KD, Asakura M, Shirai M, Yamazaki S, Ito S, Fu HY, Asanuma H, Asano Y, Minamino T, Takashima S, Kitakaze M. ASB2 is a novel E3 ligase of SMAD9 required for cardiogenesis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23056. [PMID: 34845242 PMCID: PMC8630118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02390-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiogenesis requires the orchestrated spatiotemporal tuning of BMP signalling upon the balance between induction and counter-acting suppression of the differentiation of the cardiac tissue. SMADs are key intracellular transducers and the selective degradation of SMADs by the ubiquitin-proteasome system is pivotal in the spatiotemporal tuning of BMP signalling. However, among three SMADs for BMP signalling, SMAD1/5/9, only the specific E3 ligase of SMAD9 remains poorly investigated. Here, we report for the first time that SMAD9, but not the other SMADs, is ubiquitylated by the E3 ligase ASB2 and targeted for proteasomal degradation. ASB2, as well as Smad9, is conserved among vertebrates. ASB2 expression was specific to the cardiac region from the very early stage of cardiac differentiation in embryogenesis of mouse. Knockdown of Asb2 in zebrafish resulted in a thinned ventricular wall and dilated ventricle, which were rescued by simultaneous knockdown of Smad9. Abundant Smad9 protein leads to dysregulated cardiac differentiation through a mechanism involving Tbx2, and the BMP signal conducted by Smad9 was downregulated under quantitative suppression of Smad9 by Asb2. Our findings demonstrate that ASB2 is the E3 ligase of SMAD9 and plays a pivotal role in cardiogenesis through regulating BMP signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Duk Min
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe- Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Masanori Asakura
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe- Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Manabu Shirai
- Department of Bioscience, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
- Omics Research Center, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamazaki
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shin Ito
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe- Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Hai Ying Fu
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe- Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Asanuma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Meiji University of Integrative Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Asano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Minamino
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Seiji Takashima
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kitakaze
- Department of Clinical Research and Development, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe- Shimmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan.
- Hanwa Daini Senboku Hospital, Sakai, Osaka, Japan.
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17
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Kim NJ, Lee KH, Son Y, Nam AR, Moon EH, Pyun JH, Park J, Kang JS, Lee YJ, Cho JY. Spatiotemporal expression of long noncoding RNA Moshe modulates heart cell lineage commitment. RNA Biol 2021; 18:640-654. [PMID: 34755591 PMCID: PMC8782178 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1976549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) have been highlighted in various development processes including congenital heart defects (CHD). Here, we characterized the molecular function of LncRNA, Moshe (1010001N08ik-203), one of the Gata6 antisense transcripts located upstream of Gata6, which is involved in both heart development and the most common type of congenital heart defect, atrial septal defect (ASD). During mouse embryonic development, Moshe was first detected during the cardiac mesoderm stage (E8.5 to E9.5) where Gata6 is expressed and continues to increase at the atrioventricular septum (E12.5), which is involved in ASD. Functionally, the knock-down of Moshe during cardiogenesis caused significant repression of Nkx2.5 in cardiac progenitor stages and resulted in the increase in major SHF lineage genes, such as cardiac transcriptional factors (Isl1, Hand2, Tbx2), endothelial-specific genes (Cd31, Flk1, Tie1, vWF), a smooth muscle actin (a-Sma) and sinoatrial node-specific genes (Shox2, Tbx18). Chromatin Isolation by RNA Purification showed Moshe activates Nkx2.5 gene expression via direct binding to its promoter region. Of note, Moshe was conserved across species, including human, pig and mouse. Altogether, this study suggests that Moshe is a heart-enriched lncRNA that controls a sophisticated network of cardiogenesis by repressing genes in SHF via Nkx2.5 during cardiac development and may play an important role in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Jung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang-Hoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - YeonSung Son
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - A-Reum Nam
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Moon
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Gachon University, Yeonsu-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Pyun
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jinyoung Park
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sun Kang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Young Jae Lee
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Gachon University, Yeonsu-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Yoel Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Meng Y, Zhong K, Chen S, Huang Y, Wei Y, Wu J, Liu J, Xu Z, Guo J, Liu F, Lu H. Cardiac toxicity assessment of pendimethalin in zebrafish embryos. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 222:112514. [PMID: 34280841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pendimethalin (PND) is one of the best sellers of selective herbicide in the world and has been frequently detected in the water. However, little is known about its effects on cardiac development. In this study, we used zebrafish to investigate the developmental and cardiac toxicity of PND. We exposed the zebrafish embryos with a serial of concentrations at 3, 4, and 5 mg/L at 5.5-72 h post-fertilization (hpf). We found that PND exposure can reduce the heart rate, survival rate, and body length of zebrafish embryos. Furthermore, we identified many malformations including pericardial and yolk sac edema, spinal deformity, and cardiac looping abnormality. In addition, PND increased the expression of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde and reduced the activity of superoxide dismutase (Antioxidant enzymes); We examined the expression of cardiac development-related genes and the apoptosis markers, and found changes of the following marker: vmhc, nppa, tbx5a, nkx2.5, gata4, tbx2b and FoxO1, bax, bcl-2, p53, casp-9, casp-3. Our data showed that activation of Wnt pathway can rescue the cardiac abnormalities caused by PND. Our results provided new evidence for the toxicity of PND and suggested that the PND residual should be treated as a hazard in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Meng
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Keyuan Zhong
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, China
| | - Suping Chen
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - You Wei
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Juan Wu
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, China
| | - Zhaopeng Xu
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, China; College of life sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fasheng Liu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an 343009, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huiqiang Lu
- Ganzhou Key Laboratory for Drug Screening and Discovery, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an 343009, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an 343009, Jiangxi, China.
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19
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Abu Nahia K, Migdał M, Quinn TA, Poon KL, Łapiński M, Sulej A, Liu J, Mondal SS, Pawlak M, Bugajski Ł, Piwocka K, Brand T, Kohl P, Korzh V, Winata C. Genomic and physiological analyses of the zebrafish atrioventricular canal reveal molecular building blocks of the secondary pacemaker region. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6669-6687. [PMID: 34557935 PMCID: PMC8558220 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03939-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The atrioventricular canal (AVC) is the site where key structures responsible for functional division between heart regions are established, most importantly, the atrioventricular (AV) conduction system and cardiac valves. To elucidate the mechanism underlying AVC development and function, we utilized transgenic zebrafish line sqet31Et expressing EGFP in the AVC to isolate this cell population and profile its transcriptome at 48 and 72 hpf. The zebrafish AVC transcriptome exhibits hallmarks of mammalian AV node, including the expression of genes implicated in its development and those encoding connexins forming low conductance gap junctions. Transcriptome analysis uncovered protein-coding and noncoding transcripts enriched in AVC, which have not been previously associated with this structure, as well as dynamic expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers and components of TGF-β, Notch, and Wnt signaling pathways likely reflecting ongoing AVC and valve development. Using transgenic line Tg(myl7:mermaid) encoding voltage-sensitive fluorescent protein, we show that abolishing the pacemaker-containing sinoatrial ring (SAR) through Isl1 loss of function resulted in spontaneous activation in the AVC region, suggesting that it possesses inherent automaticity although insufficient to replace the SAR. The SAR and AVC transcriptomes express partially overlapping species of ion channels and gap junction proteins, reflecting their distinct roles. Besides identifying conserved aspects between zebrafish and mammalian conduction systems, our results established molecular hallmarks of the developing AVC which underlies its role in structural and electrophysiological separation between heart chambers. This data constitutes a valuable resource for studying AVC development and function, and identification of novel candidate genes implicated in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Abu Nahia
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Migdał
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Alexander Quinn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kar-Lai Poon
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Dr, Singapore , Singapore.,Developmental Dynamics, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maciej Łapiński
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Sulej
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jiandong Liu
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Shamba S Mondal
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Pawlak
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Thomas Brand
- Developmental Dynamics, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Kohl
- Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Centre, Faculty of Medicine, and Faculty of Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Vladimir Korzh
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Cecilia Winata
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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20
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Gao R, Ren J. Zebrafish Models in Therapeutic Research of Cardiac Conduction Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:731402. [PMID: 34422842 PMCID: PMC8371477 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.731402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Malfunction in the cardiac conduction system (CCS) due to congenital anomalies or diseases can cause cardiac conduction disease (CCD), which results in disturbances in cardiac rhythm, leading to syncope and even sudden cardiac death. Insights into development of the CCS components, including pacemaker cardiomyocytes (CMs), atrioventricular node (AVN) and the ventricular conduction system (VCS), can shed light on the pathological and molecular mechanisms underlying CCD, provide approaches for generating human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived CCS cells, and thus improve therapeutic treatment for such a potentially life-threatening disorder of the heart. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling CCS development remain elusive. The zebrafish has become a valuable vertebrate model to investigate early development of CCS components because of its unique features such as external fertilization, embryonic optical transparency and the ability to survive even with severe cardiovascular defects during development. In this review, we highlight how the zebrafish has been utilized to dissect the cellular and molecular mechanisms of CCS development, and how the evolutionarily conserved developmental mechanisms discovered in zebrafish could be applied to directing the creation of hPSC-derived CCS cells, therefore providing potential therapeutic strategies that may contribute to better treatment for CCD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gao
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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21
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Kuil LE, MacKenzie KC, Tang CS, Windster JD, Le TL, Karim A, de Graaf BM, van der Helm R, van Bever Y, Sloots CEJ, Meeussen C, Tibboel D, de Klein A, Wijnen RMH, Amiel J, Lyonnet S, Garcia-Barcelo MM, Tam PKH, Alves MM, Brooks AS, Hofstra RMW, Brosens E. Size matters: Large copy number losses in Hirschsprung disease patients reveal genes involved in enteric nervous system development. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009698. [PMID: 34358225 PMCID: PMC8372947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a complex genetic disease characterized by absence of ganglia in the intestine. HSCR etiology can be explained by a unique combination of genetic alterations: rare coding variants, predisposing haplotypes and Copy Number Variation (CNV). Approximately 18% of patients have additional anatomical malformations or neurological symptoms (HSCR-AAM). Pinpointing the responsible culprits within a CNV is challenging as often many genes are affected. Therefore, we selected candidate genes based on gene enrichment strategies using mouse enteric nervous system transcriptomes and constraint metrics. Next, we used a zebrafish model to investigate whether loss of these genes affects enteric neuron development in vivo. This study included three groups of patients, two groups without coding variants in disease associated genes: HSCR-AAM and HSCR patients without associated anomalies (HSCR-isolated). The third group consisted of all HSCR patients in which a confirmed pathogenic rare coding variant was identified. We compared these patient groups to unaffected controls. Predisposing haplotypes were determined, confirming that every HSCR subgroup had increased contributions of predisposing haplotypes, but their contribution was highest in isolated HSCR patients without RET coding variants. CNV profiling proved that specifically HSCR-AAM patients had larger Copy Number (CN) losses. Gene enrichment strategies using mouse enteric nervous system transcriptomes and constraint metrics were used to determine plausible candidate genes located within CN losses. Validation in zebrafish using CRISPR/Cas9 targeting confirmed the contribution of UFD1L, TBX2, SLC8A1, and MAPK8 to ENS development. In addition, we revealed epistasis between reduced Ret and Gnl1 expression and between reduced Ret and Tubb5 expression in vivo. Rare large CN losses—often de novo—contribute to HSCR in HSCR-AAM patients. We proved the involvement of six genes in enteric nervous system development and Hirschsprung disease. Hirschsprung disease is a congenital disorder characterized by the absence of intestinal neurons in the distal part of the intestine. It is a complex genetic disorder in which multiple variations in our genome combined, result in disease. One of these variations are Copy Number Variations (CNVs): large segments of our genome that are duplicated or deleted. Patients often have Hirschsprung disease without other symptoms. However, a proportion of patients has additional associated anatomical malformations and neurological symptoms. We found that CNVs, present in patients with associated anomalies, are more often larger compared to unaffected controls or Hirschsprung patients without other symptoms. Furthermore, Copy Number (CN) losses are enriched for constrained coding regions (CCR; genes usually not impacted by genomic alterations in unaffected controls) of which the expression is higher in the developing intestinal neurons compared to the intestine. We modelled loss of these candidate genes in zebrafish by disrupting the zebrafish orthologues by genome editing. For several genes this resulted in changes in intestinal neuron development, reminiscent of HSCR observed in patients. The results presented here highlight the importance of Copy Number profiling, zebrafish validation and evaluating all CCR expressed in developing intestinal neurons during diagnostic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Kuil
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katherine C. MacKenzie
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Clara S. Tang
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong–Karolinska Institutet Collaboration in Regenerative Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jonathan D. Windster
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thuy Linh Le
- Laboratory of embryology and genetics of malformations, Institut Imagine Université de Paris INSERM UMR1163 Necker Enfants malades University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Anwarul Karim
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bianca M. de Graaf
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert van der Helm
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yolande van Bever
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelius E. J. Sloots
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Conny Meeussen
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick Tibboel
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies de Klein
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René M. H. Wijnen
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanne Amiel
- Laboratory of embryology and genetics of malformations, Institut Imagine Université de Paris INSERM UMR1163 Necker Enfants malades University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Stanislas Lyonnet
- Laboratory of embryology and genetics of malformations, Institut Imagine Université de Paris INSERM UMR1163 Necker Enfants malades University Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Paul K. H. Tam
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong–Karolinska Institutet Collaboration in Regenerative Medicine, Hong Kong, China
| | - Maria M. Alves
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alice S. Brooks
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert M. W. Hofstra
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erwin Brosens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC–Sophia Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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22
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Zhang Q, Carlin D, Zhu F, Cattaneo P, Ideker T, Evans SM, Bloomekatz J, Chi NC. Unveiling Complexity and Multipotentiality of Early Heart Fields. Circ Res 2021; 129:474-487. [PMID: 34162224 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.318943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingquan Zhang
- Medicine, Division of Cardiology (Q.Z., D.C., F.Z., P.C., S.M.E., J.B., N.C.C.)
| | - Daniel Carlin
- Medicine, Division of Cardiology (Q.Z., D.C., F.Z., P.C., S.M.E., J.B., N.C.C.)
| | - Fugui Zhu
- Medicine, Division of Cardiology (Q.Z., D.C., F.Z., P.C., S.M.E., J.B., N.C.C.)
| | - Paola Cattaneo
- Medicine, Division of Cardiology (Q.Z., D.C., F.Z., P.C., S.M.E., J.B., N.C.C.)
| | - Trey Ideker
- Medicine, Division of Genetics (T.I.).,Department of Computer Science and Engineering (T.I.).,Department of Bioengineering (T.I.).,Institute of Genomic Medicine (T.I., N.C.C.)
| | - Sylvia M Evans
- Medicine, Division of Cardiology (Q.Z., D.C., F.Z., P.C., S.M.E., J.B., N.C.C.).,Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.M.E.), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Joshua Bloomekatz
- Medicine, Division of Cardiology (Q.Z., D.C., F.Z., P.C., S.M.E., J.B., N.C.C.).,Now with Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS (J.B.)
| | - Neil C Chi
- Medicine, Division of Cardiology (Q.Z., D.C., F.Z., P.C., S.M.E., J.B., N.C.C.).,Institute of Genomic Medicine (T.I., N.C.C.)
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23
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Wang Y, Fang Y, Lu P, Wu B, Zhou B. NOTCH Signaling in Aortic Valve Development and Calcific Aortic Valve Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:682298. [PMID: 34239905 PMCID: PMC8259786 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.682298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
NOTCH intercellular signaling mediates the communications between adjacent cells involved in multiple biological processes essential for tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. The NOTCH1 mutations are the first identified human genetic variants that cause congenital bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). Genetic variants affecting other genes in the NOTCH signaling pathway may also contribute to the development of BAV and the pathogenesis of CAVD. While CAVD occurs commonly in the elderly population with tri-leaflet aortic valve, patients with BAV have a high risk of developing CAVD at a young age. This observation indicates an important role of NOTCH signaling in the postnatal homeostasis of the aortic valve, in addition to its prenatal functions during aortic valve development. Over the last decade, animal studies, especially with the mouse models, have revealed detailed information in the developmental etiology of congenital aortic valve defects. In this review, we will discuss the molecular and cellular aspects of aortic valve development and examine the embryonic pathogenesis of BAV. We will focus our discussions on the NOTCH signaling during the endocardial-to-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) and the post-EMT remodeling of the aortic valve. We will further examine the involvement of the NOTCH mutations in the postnatal development of CAVD. We will emphasize the deleterious impact of the embryonic valve defects on the homeostatic mechanisms of the adult aortic valve for the purpose of identifying the potential therapeutic targets for disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Wang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Pengfei Lu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Bingruo Wu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Bin Zhou
- Departments of Genetics, Pediatrics (Pediatric Genetic Medicine), and Medicine (Cardiology), The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
- The Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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24
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Abstract
Congenital heart disease is the most frequent birth defect and the leading cause of death for the fetus and in the first year of life. The wide phenotypic diversity of congenital heart defects requires expert diagnosis and sophisticated repair surgery. Although these defects have been described since the seventeenth century, it was only in 2005 that a consensus international nomenclature was adopted, followed by an international classification in 2017 to help provide better management of patients. Advances in genetic engineering, imaging, and omics analyses have uncovered mechanisms of heart formation and malformation in animal models, but approximately 80% of congenital heart defects have an unknown genetic origin. Here, we summarize current knowledge of congenital structural heart defects, intertwining clinical and fundamental research perspectives, with the aim to foster interdisciplinary collaborations at the cutting edge of each field. We also discuss remaining challenges in better understanding congenital heart defects and providing benefits to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Houyel
- Unité de Cardiologie Pédiatrique et Congénitale and Centre de Référence des Malformations Cardiaques Congénitales Complexes (M3C), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75015 Paris, France.,Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sigolène M Meilhac
- Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France.,Imagine-Institut Pasteur Unit of Heart Morphogenesis, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015 Paris, France;
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25
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Fernando F, Veenboer GJ, Oudijk MA, Kampman MA, Heida KY, Lagendijk LJ, van der Post JA, Jongejan A, Afink GB, Ris-Stalpers C. TBX2, a Novel Regulator of Labour. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57060515. [PMID: 34064060 PMCID: PMC8224059 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57060515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Therapeutic interventions targeting molecular factors involved in the transition from uterine quiescence to overt labour are not substantially reducing the rate of spontaneous preterm labour. The identification of novel rational therapeutic targets are essential to prevent the most common cause of neonatal mortality. Based on our previous work showing that Tbx2 (T-Box transcription factor 2) is a putative upstream regulator preceding progesterone withdrawal in mouse myometrium, we now investigate the role of TBX2 in human myometrium. Materials and Methods: RNA microarray analysis of (A) preterm human myometrium samples and (B) myometrial cells overexpressing TBX2 in vitro, combined with subsequent analysis of the two publicly available datasets of (C) Chan et al. and (D) Sharp et al. The effect of TBX2 overexpression on cytokines/chemokines secreted to the myometrium cell culture medium were determined by Luminex assay. Results: Analysis shows that overexpression of TBX2 in myometrial cells results in downregulation of TNFα- and interferon signalling. This downregulation is consistent with the decreased expression of cytokines and chemokines of which a subset has been previously associated with the inflammatory pathways relevant for human labour. In contrast, CXCL5 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5), CCL21 and IL-6 (Interleukin 6), previously reported in relation to parturition, do not seem to be under TBX2 control. The combined bioinformatical analysis of the four mRNA datasets identifies a subset of upstream regulators common to both preterm and term labour under control of TBX2. Surprisingly, TBX2 mRNA levels are increased in preterm contractile myometrium. Conclusions: We identified a subset of upstream regulators common to both preterm and term labour that are activated in labour and repressed by TBX2. The increased TBX2 mRNA expression in myometrium collected during a preterm caesarean section while in spontaneous preterm labour compared to tissue harvested during iatrogenic preterm delivery does not fit the bioinformatical model. We can only explain this by speculating that the in vivo activity of TBX2 in human myometrium depends not only on the TBX2 expression levels but also on levels of the accessory proteins necessary for TBX2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Febilla Fernando
- Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (F.F.); (G.J.M.V.); (L.J.M.L.); (G.B.A.)
| | - Geertruda J.M. Veenboer
- Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (F.F.); (G.J.M.V.); (L.J.M.L.); (G.B.A.)
| | - Martijn A. Oudijk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.A.O.); (J.A.M.v.d.P.)
| | - Marlies A.M. Kampman
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Karst Y. Heida
- Department of Obstetrics, Division of Woman and Baby, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Louise J.M. Lagendijk
- Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (F.F.); (G.J.M.V.); (L.J.M.L.); (G.B.A.)
| | - Joris A.M. van der Post
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.A.O.); (J.A.M.v.d.P.)
| | - Aldo Jongejan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Gijs B. Afink
- Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (F.F.); (G.J.M.V.); (L.J.M.L.); (G.B.A.)
| | - Carrie Ris-Stalpers
- Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (F.F.); (G.J.M.V.); (L.J.M.L.); (G.B.A.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.A.O.); (J.A.M.v.d.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +312-0566-5625
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26
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Seya D, Ihara D, Shirai M, Kawamura T, Watanabe Y, Nakagawa O. A role of Hey2 transcription factor for right ventricle development through regulation of Tbx2-Mycn pathway during cardiac morphogenesis. Dev Growth Differ 2021; 63:82-92. [PMID: 33410138 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Hey2 is expressed in the ventricular myocardium and endocardium of mouse embryos, and Hey2 null mice die perinatally showing ventricular septal defect, dysplastic tricuspid valve and hypoplastic right ventricle. In order to understand region-specific roles of Hey2 during cardiac morphogenesis, we generated Hey2 conditional knockout (cKO) mice using Mef2c-AHF-Cre, which was active in the anterior part of the second heart field and the right ventricle and outflow tract of the heart. Hey2 cKO neonates reproduced three anomalies commonly observed in Hey2 null mice. An earliest morphological defect was the lack of right ventricular extension along the apico-basal axis at midgestational stages. Underdevelopment of the right ventricle was present in all cKO neonates including those without apparent atresia of right-sided atrioventricular connection. RNA sequencing analysis of cKO embryos identified that the gene expression of a non-chamber T-box factor Tbx2 was ectopically induced in the chamber myocardium of the right ventricle. Consistently, mRNA expression of the Mycn transcription factor, which was a cell cycle regulator transcriptionally repressed by Tbx2, was down regulated, and the number of S-phase cells was significantly decreased in the right ventricle of cKO heart. These results suggest that Hey2 plays an important role in right ventricle development during cardiac morphogenesis, at least in part, through mitigating Tbx2-dependent inhibition of Mycn expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Seya
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dai Ihara
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Manabu Shirai
- Omics Research Center, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Kawamura
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yusuke Watanabe
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Osamu Nakagawa
- Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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27
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Varshney A, Chahal G, Santos L, Stolper J, Hallab JC, Nim HT, Nikolov M, Yip A, Ramialison M. Human Cardiac Transcription Factor Networks. SYSTEMS MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.11597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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28
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Bhattacharyya S, Munshi NV. Development of the Cardiac Conduction System. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a037408. [PMID: 31988140 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac conduction system initiates and propagates each heartbeat. Specialized conducting cells are a well-conserved phenomenon across vertebrate evolution, although mammalian and avian species harbor specific components unique to organisms with four-chamber hearts. Early histological studies in mammals provided evidence for a dominant pacemaker within the right atrium and clarified the existence of the specialized muscular axis responsible for atrioventricular conduction. Building on these seminal observations, contemporary genetic techniques in a multitude of model organisms has characterized the developmental ontogeny, gene regulatory networks, and functional importance of individual anatomical compartments within the cardiac conduction system. This review describes in detail the transcriptional and regulatory networks that act during cardiac conduction system development and homeostasis with a particular emphasis on networks implicated in human electrical variation by large genome-wide association studies. We conclude with a discussion of the clinical implications of these studies and describe some future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikhil V Munshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology.,McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development.,Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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29
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Meng Y, Zhong K, Xiao J, Huang Y, Wei Y, Tang L, Chen S, Wu J, Ma J, Cao Z, Liao X, Lu H. Exposure to pyrimethanil induces developmental toxicity and cardiotoxicity in zebrafish. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 255:126889. [PMID: 32388256 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pyrimethanil is a broad-spectrum fungicide commonly used in the prevention and treatment of Botrytis cinerea. However, little information is available in the literature to show the toxicity of Pyrimethanil to cardiac development. In this study, we used an experimental animal model to explore the developmental and cardiac toxicity of Pyrimethanil in aquatic vertebrates; we exposed zebrafish embryos to Pyrimethanil at concentrations of 2, 4, and 6 mg/L from 5.5 to 72 h post fertilisation. We found that Pyrimethanil caused a decrease in the hatching rate, heart rate, and survival rate of zebrafish embryos. Pyrimethanil exposure also resulted in pericardial and yolk sac edema, spinal deformity, and heart loop failure. Moreover, Pyrimethanil increased reactive oxygen stress levels and heightened the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Alterations were induced in the transcription of apoptosis-related genes (p53, Bax, Bcl2, Casp 9, and Casp6l1) and heart development-related genes (Tbx2b, Gata4, Myh6, Vmhc, Nppa, Bmp2b, Bpm 4, and Bpm 10). Our data showed that the activation of Wnt signalling by BML-284 could partially rescue the malformed phenotype caused by Pyrimethanil. Our results provide new evidence for Pyrimethanil's toxicity and the danger of its residues in the environment and agricultural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Meng
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Keyuan Zhong
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Juhua Xiao
- Department of Ultrasound, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - You Wei
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lin Tang
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Suping Chen
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Juan Wu
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jinze Ma
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zigang Cao
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinjun Liao
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huiqiang Lu
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, 343009, Jiangxi, China.
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30
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Ihara D, Watanabe Y, Seya D, Arai Y, Isomoto Y, Nakano A, Kubo A, Ogura T, Kawamura T, Nakagawa O. Expression of Hey2 transcription factor in the early embryonic ventricles is controlled through a distal enhancer by Tbx20 and Gata transcription factors. Dev Biol 2020; 461:124-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Comprehensive Overview of Non-coding RNAs in Cardiac Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1229:197-211. [PMID: 32285413 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1671-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac development in the human embryo is characterized by the interactions of several transcription and growth factors leading the heart from a primordial linear tube into a synchronous contractile four-chamber organ. Studies on cardiogenesis showed that cell proliferation, differentiation, fate specification and morphogenesis are spatiotemporally coordinated by cell-cell interactions and intracellular signalling cross-talks. In recent years, research has focused on a class of inter- and intra-cellular modulators called non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), transcribed from the noncoding portion of the DNA and involved in the proper formation of the heart. In this chapter, we will summarize the current state of the art on the roles of three major forms of ncRNAs [microRNAs (miRNAs), long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs)] in orchestrating the four sequential phases of cardiac organogenesis.
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Thoré P, Girerd B, Jaïs X, Savale L, Ghigna MR, Eyries M, Levy M, Ovaert C, Servettaz A, Guillaumot A, Dauphin C, Chabanne C, Boiffard E, Cottin V, Perros F, Simonneau G, Sitbon O, Soubrier F, Bonnet D, Remy-Jardin M, Chaouat A, Humbert M, Montani D. Phenotype and outcome of pulmonary arterial hypertension patients carrying a TBX4 mutation. Eur Respir J 2020; 55:13993003.02340-2019. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02340-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
IntroductionTBX4 mutation causes small patella syndrome (SPS) and/or pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The characteristics and outcomes of PAH associated with TBX4 mutations are largely unknown.MethodsWe report the clinical, functional, radiologic, histologic and haemodynamic characteristics and outcomes of heritable PAH patients carrying a TBX4 mutation from the French pulmonary hypertension (PH) network.Results20 patients were identified in 17 families. They were characterised by a median age at diagnosis of 29 years (0–76 years) and a female to male ratio of three. Most of the patients (70%) were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class III or IV with a severe haemodynamic impairment (median pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) of 13.6 (6.2–41.8) Wood units). Skeletal signs of SPS were present in 80% of cases. Half of the patients had mild restrictive or obstructive limitation and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) was decreased in all patients. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) showed bronchial abnormalities, peri-bronchial cysts, mosaic distribution and mediastinal lymphadenopathies. PAH therapy was associated with significant clinical improvement. At follow-up (median 76 months), two patients had died and two had undergone lung transplantation. One-year, three-year and five-year event-free survival rates were 100%, 94% and 83%, respectively. Histologic examination of explanted lungs revealed alveolar growth abnormalities, major pulmonary vascular remodelling similar to that observed in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) and accumulation of cholesterol crystals within the lung parenchyma.ConclusionPAH due to TBX4 mutations may occur with or without skeletal abnormalities across a broad age range from birth to late adulthood. PAH is usually severe and associated with bronchial and parenchymal abnormalities.
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Perrard J, Morel A, Meznad K, Paget-Bailly P, Dalstein V, Guenat D, Mourareau C, Clavel C, Fauconnet S, Baguet A, Mougin C, Pretet JL. DNA demethylation agent 5azadC downregulates HPV16 E6 expression in cervical cancer cell lines independently of TBX2 expression. Oncol Lett 2019; 19:1074-1081. [PMID: 31897221 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
HPV16 is the most carcinogenic human papillomavirus and causes >50% of cervical cancers, the majority of anal cancers and 30% of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. HPV carcinogenesis relies on the continuous expression of the two main viral oncoproteins E6 and E7 that target >150 cellular proteins. Among them, epigenetic modifiers, including DNA Methyl Transferases (DNMT), are dysregulated, promoting an aberrant methylation pattern in HPV-positive cancer cells. It has been previously reported that the treatment of HPV-positive cervical cancer cells with DNMT inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5azadC) caused the downregulation of E6 expression due to mRNA destabilization that was mediated by miR-375. Recently, the T-box transcription factor 2 (TBX2) has been demonstrated to repress HPV LCR activity. In the current study, the role of TBX2 in E6 repression was investigated in HPV16 cervical cancer cell lines following 5azadC treatment. A decrease of E6 expression was accompanied by p53 and p21 restoration. While TBX2 mRNA was upregulated in 5azadC-treated SiHa and Ca Ski cells, TBX2 protein was not detectable. Furthermore, the overexpression of TBX2 protein in cervical cancer cells did not allow the repression of E6 expression. The TBX2 transcription factor is therefore unlikely to be associated with the repression of E6 following 5azadC treatment of SiHa and Ca Ski cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Perrard
- Équipe d'Accueil 3181, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Laboratoire d'Excellence Lipoprotéines et Santé, Prévention et Traitement des Maladies Inflammatoires et du Cancer, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Adrien Morel
- Center For Research in Genetics and Genomics-CIGGUR, GENIUROS Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 112041, Colombia
| | - Koceila Meznad
- Équipe d'Accueil 3181, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Laboratoire d'Excellence Lipoprotéines et Santé, Prévention et Traitement des Maladies Inflammatoires et du Cancer, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Philippe Paget-Bailly
- Équipe d'Accueil 3181, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Laboratoire d'Excellence Lipoprotéines et Santé, Prévention et Traitement des Maladies Inflammatoires et du Cancer, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Veronique Dalstein
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S 1250 Pathologies Pulmonaires et Plasticité Cellulaire, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Faculté de Médecine, 51000 Reims, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Reims, Laboratoire Biopathologie, 51000 Reims, France
| | - David Guenat
- Équipe d'Accueil 3181, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Laboratoire d'Excellence Lipoprotéines et Santé, Prévention et Traitement des Maladies Inflammatoires et du Cancer, 25000 Besançon, France.,Centre National de Référence Papillomavirus, CHU Besançon, Boulevard Alexandre Fleming, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Celine Mourareau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S 1250 Pathologies Pulmonaires et Plasticité Cellulaire, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Faculté de Médecine, 51000 Reims, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Reims, Laboratoire Biopathologie, 51000 Reims, France
| | - Christine Clavel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S 1250 Pathologies Pulmonaires et Plasticité Cellulaire, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Faculté de Médecine, 51000 Reims, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Reims, Laboratoire Biopathologie, 51000 Reims, France
| | - Sylvie Fauconnet
- Équipe d'Accueil 3181, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Laboratoire d'Excellence Lipoprotéines et Santé, Prévention et Traitement des Maladies Inflammatoires et du Cancer, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Aurelie Baguet
- Équipe d'Accueil 3181, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Laboratoire d'Excellence Lipoprotéines et Santé, Prévention et Traitement des Maladies Inflammatoires et du Cancer, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Christiane Mougin
- Équipe d'Accueil 3181, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Laboratoire d'Excellence Lipoprotéines et Santé, Prévention et Traitement des Maladies Inflammatoires et du Cancer, 25000 Besançon, France.,Centre National de Référence Papillomavirus, CHU Besançon, Boulevard Alexandre Fleming, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Jean-Luc Pretet
- Équipe d'Accueil 3181, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Laboratoire d'Excellence Lipoprotéines et Santé, Prévention et Traitement des Maladies Inflammatoires et du Cancer, 25000 Besançon, France.,Centre National de Référence Papillomavirus, CHU Besançon, Boulevard Alexandre Fleming, 25000 Besançon, France
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Zhou B, Ho SS, Greer SU, Spies N, Bell JM, Zhang X, Zhu X, Arthur JG, Byeon S, Pattni R, Saha I, Huang Y, Song G, Perrin D, Wong WH, Ji HP, Abyzov A, Urban AE. Haplotype-resolved and integrated genome analysis of the cancer cell line HepG2. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:3846-3861. [PMID: 30864654 PMCID: PMC6486628 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
HepG2 is one of the most widely used human cancer cell lines in biomedical research and one of the main cell lines of ENCODE. Although the functional genomic and epigenomic characteristics of HepG2 are extensively studied, its genome sequence has never been comprehensively analyzed and higher order genomic structural features are largely unknown. The high degree of aneuploidy in HepG2 renders traditional genome variant analysis methods challenging and partially ineffective. Correct and complete interpretation of the extensive functional genomics data from HepG2 requires an understanding of the cell line’s genome sequence and genome structure. Using a variety of sequencing and analysis methods, we identified a wide spectrum of genome characteristics in HepG2: copy numbers of chromosomal segments at high resolution, SNVs and Indels (corrected for aneuploidy), regions with loss of heterozygosity, phased haplotypes extending to entire chromosome arms, retrotransposon insertions and structural variants (SVs) including complex and somatic genomic rearrangements. A large number of SVs were phased, sequence assembled and experimentally validated. We re-analyzed published HepG2 datasets for allele-specific expression and DNA methylation and assembled an allele-specific CRISPR/Cas9 targeting map. We demonstrate how deeper insights into genomic regulatory complexity are gained by adopting a genome-integrated framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Steve S Ho
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Stephanie U Greer
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Noah Spies
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Genome-scale Measurements Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - John M Bell
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Xianglong Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiaowei Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph G Arthur
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Seunggyu Byeon
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Reenal Pattni
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ishan Saha
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yiling Huang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Giltae Song
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Dimitri Perrin
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Wing H Wong
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Biomedical Data Science, Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hanlee P Ji
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Alexej Abyzov
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Alexander E Urban
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Tashia and John Morgridge Faculty Scholar, Stanford Child Health Research Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Savory K, Manivannan S, Zaben M, Uzun O, Syed YA. Impact of copy number variation on human neurocognitive deficits and congenital heart defects: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 108:83-93. [PMID: 31682886 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Copy number variant (CNV) syndromes are often associated with both neurocognitive deficits (NCDs) and congenital heart defects (CHDs). Children and adults with cardiac developmental defects likely to have NCDs leading to increased risk of hospitalisation and reduced level of independence. To date, the association between these two phenotypes have not been explored in relation to CNV syndromes. In order to address this question, we systematically reviewed the prevalence of CHDs in a range of CNV syndromes associated with NCDs. A meta-analysis showed a relationship with the size of CNV and its association with both NCDs and CHDs, and also inheritance pattern. To our knowledge, this is the first review to establish association between NCD and CHDs in CNV patients, specifically in relation to the severity of NCD. Importantly, we also found specific types of CHDs were associated with severe neurocognitive deficits. Finally, we discuss the implications of these results for patients in the clinical setting which warrants further exploration of this association in order to lead an improvement in the quality of patient's life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Savory
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute (NMHRI), Hadyn Ellis Building, Cathays, CF24 4HQ, Cardiff, UK; School of Bioscience, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Ave, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Susruta Manivannan
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute (NMHRI), Hadyn Ellis Building, Cathays, CF24 4HQ, Cardiff, UK
| | - Malik Zaben
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute (NMHRI), Hadyn Ellis Building, Cathays, CF24 4HQ, Cardiff, UK
| | - Orhan Uzun
- University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Yasir Ahmed Syed
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute (NMHRI), Hadyn Ellis Building, Cathays, CF24 4HQ, Cardiff, UK; School of Bioscience, The Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Ave, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK.
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36
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García-Padilla C, Domínguez JN, Aránega AE, Franco D. Differential chamber-specific expression and regulation of long non-coding RNAs during cardiac development. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2019; 1862:194435. [PMID: 31678627 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2019.194435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular development is governed by a complex interplay between inducting signals such as Bmps and Fgfs leading to activation of cardiac specific transcription factors such as Nkx2.5, Mef2c and Srf that orchestrate the initial steps of cardiogenesis. Over the last decade we have witnessed the discovery of novel layers of gene regulation, i.e. post-transcriptional regulation exerted by non-coding RNAs. The function role of small non coding RNAs has been widely demonstrated, e.g. miR-1 knockout display several cardiovascular abnormalities during embryogenesis. More recently long non-coding RNAs have been also reported to modulate gene expression and function in the developing heart, as exemplified by the embryonic lethal phenotypes of Fendrr and Braveheart knock out mice, respectively. In this study, we investigated the differential expression profile during cardiogenesis of previously reported lncRNAs in heart development. Our data revealed that Braveheart, Fendrr, Carmen display a preferential adult expression while Miat, Alien, H19 preferentially display chamber-specific expression at embryonic stages. We also demonstrated that these lncRNAs are differentially regulated by Nkx2.5, Srf and Mef2c, Pitx2 > Wnt > miRNA signaling pathway and angiotensin II and thyroid hormone administration. Importantly isoform-specific expression and distinct nuclear vs cytoplasmic localization of Braveheart, Carmen and Fendrr during chamber morphogenesis is observed, suggesting distinct functional roles of these lncRNAs in atrial and ventricular chambers. Furthermore, we demonstrate by in situ hybridization a dynamic epicardial, myocardial and endocardial expression of H19 during cardiac development. Overall our data support novel roles of these lncRNAs in different temporal and tissue-restricted fashion during cardiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos García-Padilla
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain
| | - Jorge N Domínguez
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain
| | - Amelia E Aránega
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain
| | - Diego Franco
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, Jaen, Spain.
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Abstract
The rate and rhythm of heart muscle contractions are coordinated by the cardiac conduction system (CCS), a generic term for a collection of different specialized muscular tissues within the heart. The CCS components initiate the electrical impulse at the sinoatrial node, propagate it from atria to ventricles via the atrioventricular node and bundle branches, and distribute it to the ventricular muscle mass via the Purkinje fibre network. The CCS thereby controls the rate and rhythm of alternating contractions of the atria and ventricles. CCS function is well conserved across vertebrates from fish to mammals, although particular specialized aspects of CCS function are found only in endotherms (mammals and birds). The development and homeostasis of the CCS involves transcriptional and regulatory networks that act in an embryonic-stage-dependent, tissue-dependent, and dose-dependent manner. This Review describes emerging data from animal studies, stem cell models, and genome-wide association studies that have provided novel insights into the transcriptional networks underlying CCS formation and function. How these insights can be applied to develop disease models and therapies is also discussed.
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Abstract
Cardiogenesis is a complex developmental process involving multiple overlapping stages of cell fate specification, proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis. Precise spatiotemporal coordination between the different cardiogenic processes is ensured by intercellular signalling crosstalk and tissue-tissue interactions. Notch is an intercellular signalling pathway crucial for cell fate decisions during multicellular organismal development and is aptly positioned to coordinate the complex signalling crosstalk required for progressive cell lineage restriction during cardiogenesis. In this Review, we describe the role of Notch signalling and the crosstalk with other signalling pathways during the differentiation and patterning of the different cardiac tissues and in cardiac valve and ventricular chamber development. We examine how perturbation of Notch signalling activity is linked to congenital heart diseases affecting the neonate and adult, and discuss studies that shed light on the role of Notch signalling in heart regeneration and repair after injury.
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Assenza MR, Barbagallo F, Barrios F, Cornacchione M, Campolo F, Vivarelli E, Gianfrilli D, Auletta L, Soricelli A, Isidori AM, Lenzi A, Pellegrini M, Naro F. Critical role of phosphodiesterase 2A in mouse congenital heart defects. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:830-845. [PMID: 29409032 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Phosphodiesterase 2 A (Pde2A), a cAMP-hydrolysing enzyme, is essential for mouse development; however, the cause of Pde2A knockout embryonic lethality is unknown. To understand whether Pde2A plays a role in cardiac development, hearts of Pde2A deficient embryos were analysed at different stage of development. Methods and results At the stage of four chambers, Pde2A deficient hearts were enlarged compared to the hearts of Pde2A heterozygous and wild-type. Pde2A knockout embryos revealed cardiac defects such as absence of atrial trabeculation, interventricular septum (IVS) defects, hypertrabeculation and thinning of the myocardial wall and in rare cases they had overriding aorta and valves defects. E14.5 Pde2A knockouts showed reduced cardiomyocyte proliferation and increased apoptosis in the IVS and increased proliferation in the ventricular trabeculae. Analyses of E9.5 Pde2A knockout embryos revealed defects in cardiac progenitor and neural crest markers, increase of Islet1 positive and AP2 positive apoptotic cells. The expression of early cTnI and late Mef2c cardiomyocyte differentiation markers was strongly reduced in Pde2A knockout hearts. The master transcription factors of cardiac development, Tbx, were down-regulated in E14.5 Pde2A knockout hearts. Absence of Pde2A caused an increase of intracellular cAMP level, followed by an up-regulation of the inducible cAMP early repressor, Icer in fetal hearts. In vitro experiments on wild-type fetal cardiomyocytes showed that Tbx gene expression is down-regulated by cAMP inducers. Furthermore, Pde2A inhibition in vivo recapitulated the heart defects observed in Pde2A knockout embryos, affecting cardiac progenitor cells. Interestingly, the expression of Pde2A itself was dramatically affected by Pde2A inhibition, suggesting a potential autoregulatory loop. Conclusions We demonstrated for the first time a direct relationship between Pde2A impairment and the onset of mouse congenital heart defects, highlighting a novel role for cAMP in cardiac development regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rita Assenza
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Barbagallo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Florencia Barrios
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Federica Campolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Vivarelli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Gianfrilli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Soricelli
- IRCCS SDN, 80143 Naples, Italy.,Department of Motor Science and Wellness, Parthenope University, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea M Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Pellegrini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.,Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, IBCN-CNR, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Naro
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
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40
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Galambos C, Mullen MP, Shieh JT, Schwerk N, Kielt MJ, Ullmann N, Boldrini R, Stucin-Gantar I, Haass C, Bansal M, Agrawal PB, Johnson J, Peca D, Surace C, Cutrera R, Pauciulo MW, Nichols WC, Griese M, Ivy D, Abman SH, Austin ED, Danhaive O. Phenotype characterisation of TBX4 mutation and deletion carriers with neonatal and paediatric pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J 2019; 54:13993003.01965-2018. [PMID: 31151956 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01965-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Rare variants in the T-box transcription factor 4 gene (TBX4) have recently been recognised as an emerging cause of paediatric pulmonary hypertension (PH). Their pathophysiology and contribution to persistent pulmonary hypertension in neonates (PPHN) are unknown. We sought to define the spectrum of clinical manifestations and histopathology associated with TBX4 variants in neonates and children with PH.We assessed clinical data and lung tissue in 19 children with PH, including PPHN, carrying TBX4 rare variants identified by next-generation sequencing and copy number variation arrays.Variants included six 17q23 deletions encompassing the entire TBX4 locus and neighbouring genes, and 12 likely damaging mutations. 10 infants presented with neonatal hypoxic respiratory failure and PPHN, and were subsequently discharged home. PH was diagnosed later in infancy or childhood. Three children died and two required lung transplantation. Associated anomalies included patent ductus arteriosus, septal defects, foot anomalies and developmental disability, the latter with a higher prevalence in deletion carriers. Histology in seven infants showed abnormal distal lung development and pulmonary hypertensive remodelling.TBX4 mutations and 17q23 deletions underlie a new form of developmental lung disease manifesting with severe, often biphasic PH at birth and/or later in infancy and childhood, often associated with skeletal anomalies, cardiac defects, neurodevelopmental disability and other anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Galambos
- Dept of Pathology and Laboratory Services, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.,Contributed equally to this work as joint first authors
| | - Mary P Mullen
- Dept of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital and Pediatrics Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Contributed equally to this work as joint first authors
| | - Joseph T Shieh
- Institute for Human Genetics, Medical Genetics, University of California San Francisco, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicolaus Schwerk
- Clinic for Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthew J Kielt
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nicola Ullmann
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Renata Boldrini
- Dept of Laboratory Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Haass
- Division of Neonatology, San Pietro-Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Manish Bansal
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Iowa Children's Hospital, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Pankaj B Agrawal
- Division of Newborn Medicine and Genetics and Genomics, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joyce Johnson
- Dept of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Donatella Peca
- Dept of Laboratory Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Surace
- Dept of Laboratory Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Renato Cutrera
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael W Pauciulo
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Dept of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - William C Nichols
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Dept of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Matthias Griese
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Dunbar Ivy
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Dept of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Steven H Abman
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Dept of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Eric D Austin
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Olivier Danhaive
- Division of Neonatology, University of California San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA .,Division of Neonatology, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Abstract
Endocardial cells are specialized endothelial cells that form the innermost layer of the heart wall. By virtue of genetic lineage-tracing technology, many of the unexpected roles of endocardium during murine heart development, diseases, and regeneration have been identified recently. In addition to heart valves developed from the well-known endothelial to mesenchymal transition, recent fate-mapping studies using mouse models reveal that multiple cardiac cell lineages are also originated from the endocardium. This review focuses on a variety of different cell types that are recently reported to be endocardium derived during murine heart development, diseases, and regeneration. These multiple cell fates underpin the unprecedented roles of endocardial progenitors in function, pathological progression, and regeneration of the heart. Because emerging studies suggest that developmental mechanisms can be redeployed and recapitulated in promoting heart disease development and also cardiac repair and regeneration, understanding the mechanistic regulation of endocardial plasticity and modulation of their cell fate conversion may uncover new therapeutic potential in facilitating heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- From the The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence on Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (H.Z., B.Z.); School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, China (H.Z., B.Z.); Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, China (K.O.L.); and Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (B.Z.).
| | - Kathy O Lui
- From the The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence on Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (H.Z., B.Z.); School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, China (H.Z., B.Z.); Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, China (K.O.L.); and Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (B.Z.).
| | - Bin Zhou
- From the The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence on Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (H.Z., B.Z.); School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, China (H.Z., B.Z.); Department of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, China (K.O.L.); and Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China (B.Z.).
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Radhakrishna U, Albayrak S, Zafra R, Baraa A, Vishweswaraiah S, Veerappa AM, Mahishi D, Saiyed N, Mishra NK, Guda C, Ali-Fehmi R, Bahado-Singh RO. Placental epigenetics for evaluation of fetal congenital heart defects: Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0200229. [PMID: 30897084 PMCID: PMC6428297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD), the most common congenital heart defect, is characterized by a hole in the septum between the right and left ventricles. The pathogenesis of VSD is unknown in most clinical cases. There is a paucity of data relevant to epigenetic changes in VSD. The placenta is a fetal tissue crucial in cardiac development and a potentially useful surrogate for evaluating the development of heart tissue. To understand epigenetic mechanisms that may play a role in the development of VSD, genome-wide DNA methylation assay on placentas of 8 term subjects with isolated VSD and no known or suspected genetic syndromes and 10 unaffected controls was performed using the Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip assay. We identified a total of 80 highly accurate potential CpGs in 80 genes for detection of VSD; area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC ROC) 1.0 with significant 95% CI (FDR) p-values < 0.05 for each individual locus. The biological processes and functions for many of these differentially methylated genes are previously known to be associated with heart development or disease, including cardiac ventricle development (HEY2, ISL1), heart looping (SRF), cardiac muscle cell differentiation (ACTC1, HEY2), cardiac septum development (ISL1), heart morphogenesis (SRF, HEY2, ISL1, HEYL), Notch signaling pathway (HEY2, HEYL), cardiac chamber development (ISL1), and cardiac muscle tissue development (ACTC1, ISL1). In addition, we identified 8 microRNAs that have the potential to be biomarkers for the detection of VSD including: miR-191, miR-548F1, miR-148A, miR-423, miR-92B, miR-611, miR-2110, and miR-548H4. To our knowledge this is the first report in which placental analysis has been used for determining the pathogenesis of and predicting VSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uppala Radhakrishna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Samet Albayrak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Rita Zafra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Alosh Baraa
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sangeetha Vishweswaraiah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Avinash M. Veerappa
- Department of Studies in Genetics and Genomics, Laboratory of Genomic Sciences, University of Mysore, Mysore, India
| | - Deepthi Mahishi
- Department of Studies in Genetics and Genomics, Laboratory of Genomic Sciences, University of Mysore, Mysore, India
| | - Nazia Saiyed
- Biotechnology, Nirma Institute of Science, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Nitish K. Mishra
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Centre Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Chittibabu Guda
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology & Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Centre Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Rouba Ali-Fehmi
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ray O. Bahado-Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan, United States of America
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Reinhardt S, Schuck F, Stoye N, Hartmann T, Grimm MOW, Pflugfelder G, Endres K. Transcriptional repression of the ectodomain sheddase ADAM10 by TBX2 and potential implication for Alzheimer's disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1005-1025. [PMID: 30599067 PMCID: PMC11105458 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2998-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ADAM10-mediated cleavage of transmembrane proteins regulates cellular processes such as proliferation or migration. Substrate cleavage by ADAM10 has also been implicated in pathological situations such as cancer or Morbus Alzheimer. Therefore, identifying endogenous molecules, which modulate the amount and consequently the activity of ADAM10, might contribute to a deeper understanding of the enzyme's role in both, physiology and pathology. METHOD To elucidate the underlying cellular mechanism of the TBX2-mediated repression of ADAM10 gene expression, we performed overexpression, RNAi-mediated knockdown and pharmacological inhibition studies in the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. Expression analysis was conducted by e.g. real-time RT-PCR or western blot techniques. To identify the binding region of TBX2 within the ADAM10 promoter, we used luciferase reporter assay on deletion constructs and EMSA/WEMSA experiments. In addition, we analyzed a TBX2 loss-of-function Drosophila model regarding the expression of ADAM10 orthologs by qPCR. Furthermore, we quantified the mRNA level of TBX2 in post-mortem brain tissue of AD patients. RESULTS Here, we report TBX2 as a transcriptional repressor of ADAM10 gene expression: both, the DNA-binding domain and the repression domain of TBX2 were necessary to effect transcriptional repression of ADAM10 in neuronal SH-SY5Y cells. This regulatory mechanism required HDAC1 as a co-factor of TBX2. Transcriptional repression was mediated by two functional TBX2 binding sites within the core promoter sequence (- 315 to - 286 bp). Analysis of a TBX2 loss-of-function Drosophila model revealed that kuzbanian and kuzbanian-like, orthologs of ADAM10, were derepressed compared to wild type. Vice versa, analysis of cortical brain samples of AD-patients, which showed reduced ADAM10 mRNA levels, revealed a 2.5-fold elevation of TBX2, while TBX3 and TBX21 levels were not affected. CONCLUSION Our results characterize TBX2 as a repressor of ADAM10 gene expression and suggest that this regulatory interaction is conserved across tissues and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Reinhardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Strasse 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Florian Schuck
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Strasse 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicolai Stoye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Strasse 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Hartmann
- Deutsches Institut für Demenz Prävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology, Saarland University, Kirrbergerstrasse 1, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, Kirrbergerstrasse 1, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - Marcus O W Grimm
- Deutsches Institut für Demenz Prävention (DIDP), Neurodegeneration and Neurobiology, Saarland University, Kirrbergerstrasse 1, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany
- Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, Kirrbergerstrasse 1, 66421, Homburg, Saar, Germany
| | - Gert Pflugfelder
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Becherweg 32, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kristina Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Strasse 8, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
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Susceptibility to congenital heart defects associated with a polymorphism in TBX2 3' untranslated region in the Han Chinese population. Pediatr Res 2019; 85:378-383. [PMID: 30262811 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-018-0181-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tbx2 plays a critical role in determining fates of cardiomyocytes. Little is known about the contribution of TBX2 3' untranslated region (UTR) variants to the risk of congenital heart defect (CHD). Thus, we aimed to determine the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TBX2 3' UTR with CHD susceptibility. METHODS We recruited 1285 controls and 1241 CHD children from China. SNPs identification and genotyping were detected using Sanger Sequencing and SNaPshot. Stratified analysis was conducted to explore the association between rs59382073 polymorphism and CHD subtypes. Functional analyses were performed by luciferase assays in HEK-293T and H9c2 cells. RESULTS Among five TBX2 3'UTR variants identified, rs59382073 minor allele T carriers had a 1.89-fold increased CHD risk compared to GG genotype (95% CI = 1.48-2.46, P = 4.48 × 10-7). The most probable subtypes were right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, conotruncal, and septal defect. G to T variation decreased luciferase activity in cells. This discrepancy was exaggerated by miR-3940 and miR-708, while their corresponding inhibitors eliminated it. CONCLUSION T allele of rs59382073 in TBX2 3'UTR contributed to greater CHD risk in the Han Chinese population. G to T variation created binding sites for miR-3940 and miR-708 to inhibit gene expression.
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Zhang RR, Cai K, Liu L, Yang Q, Zhang P, Gui YH, Wang F. A regulatory variant in TBX2 promoter is related to the decreased susceptibility of congenital heart disease in the Han Chinese population. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2018; 7:e00530. [PMID: 30525309 PMCID: PMC6393683 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tbx2 plays a vital role in the cardiac cushion development. In this study, we aimed to determine the relationship between common genetic variants in the promoter region of TBX2 gene and the risk of congenital heart disease (CHD). Methods Blood samples of 516 CHD patients and 587 control subjects were enrolled. Sanger sequencing and SNaPshot analysis were performed for genotyping in our case–control cohort. Luciferase and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) were conducted to uncover the potential modulatory mechanism of the related variants. Results Variant rs4455026(c.‐1028G>C) in TBX2 promoter region was found to be associated with significantly lower CHD susceptibility. The risk of CHD in C allele carriers (GC and CC genotypes) decreased by 30% compared to the wild‐type GG genotype subjects (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.55–0.89, p = 0.0038). It was revealed that G to C variation resulted in a decrease in the transcriptional activity of luciferase gene, and a potential change in binding affinity with certain nucleoproteins in EMSA data. Conclusion The minor C allele of rs4455026 in TBX2 promoter region was related with lower CHD susceptibility in the Han Chinese population via repressing its transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran-Ran Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pediatrics, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ke Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Hao Gui
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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López SH, Avetisyan M, Wright CM, Mesbah K, Kelly RG, Moon AM, Heuckeroth RO. Loss of Tbx3 in murine neural crest reduces enteric glia and causes cleft palate, but does not influence heart development or bowel transit. Dev Biol 2018; 444 Suppl 1:S337-S351. [PMID: 30292786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors that coordinate migration, differentiation or proliferation of enteric nervous system (ENS) precursors are not well defined. To identify novel transcriptional regulators of ENS development, we performed microarray analysis at embryonic day (E) 17.5 and identified many genes that were enriched in the ENS compared to other bowel cells. We decided to investigate the T-box transcription factor Tbx3, which is prominently expressed in developing and mature ENS. Haploinsufficiency for TBX3 causes ulnar-mammary syndrome (UMS) in humans, a multi-organ system disorder. TBX3 also regulates several genes known to be important for ENS development. To test the hypothesis that Tbx3 is important for ENS development or function, we inactivated Tbx3 in all neural crest derivatives, including ENS progenitors using Wnt1-Cre and a floxed Tbx3 allele. Tbx3 fl/fl; Wnt1-Cre conditional mutant mice die shortly after birth with cleft palate and difficulty feeding. The ENS of mutants was well-organized with a normal density of enteric neurons and nerve fiber bundles, but small bowel glial cell density was reduced. Despite this, bowel motility appeared normal. Furthermore, although Tbx3 is expressed in cardiac neural crest, Tbx3 fl/fl; Wnt1-Cre mice had structurally normal hearts. Thus, loss of Tbx3 within neural crest has selective effects on Tbx3-expressing neural crest derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Huerta López
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Abramson Research Center - Suite # 1116I, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318, United States
| | - Marina Avetisyan
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Abramson Research Center - Suite # 1116I, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Christina M Wright
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Abramson Research Center - Suite # 1116I, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318, United States
| | - Karim Mesbah
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Anne M Moon
- Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, PA, United States; Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Robert O Heuckeroth
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Abramson Research Center - Suite # 1116I, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318, United States.
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Xie H, Zhang E, Hong N, Fu Q, Li F, Chen S, Yu Y, Sun K. Identification of TBX2 and TBX3 variants in patients with conotruncal heart defects by target sequencing. Hum Genomics 2018; 12:44. [PMID: 30223900 PMCID: PMC6142335 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-018-0176-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Conotruncal heart defects (CTDs) are heterogeneous congenital heart malformations that result from outflow tract dysplasia; however, the genetic determinants underlying CTDs remain unclear. Increasing evidence demonstrates that dysfunctional TBX2 and TBX3 result in outflow tract malformations, implying that both of them are involved in CTD pathogenesis. We screened for TBX2 and TBX3 variants in a large cohort of CTD patients (n = 588) and population-matched healthy controls (n = 300) by target sequencing and genetically analyzed the expression and function of these variants. Results The probably damaging variants p.R608W, p.T249I, and p.R616Q of TBX2 and p.A192T, p.M65L, and p.A562V of TBX3 were identified in CTD patients, but none in controls. All altered amino acids were highly conserved evolutionarily. Moreover, our data suggested that mRNA and protein expressions of TBX2 and TBX3 variants were altered compared with those of the wild-type. We screened PEA3 and MEF2C as novel downstream genes of TBX2 and TBX3, respectively. Functional analysis revealed that TBX2R608W and TBX2R616Q variant proteins further activated HAS2 promoter but failed to activate PEA3 promoter and that TBX3A192T and TBX3A562V variant proteins showed a reduced transcriptional activity over MEF2C promoter. Conclusions Our results indicate that the R608W and R616Q variants of TBX2 as well as the A192T and A562V variants of TBX3 contribute to CTD etiology; this was the first association of variants of TBX2 and TBX3 to CTDs based on a large population. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40246-018-0176-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Xie
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Erge Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Nanchao Hong
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qihua Fu
- Medical Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Fen Li
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Sun Chen
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yu Yu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Kun Sun
- Department of Pediatric Cardiovascular, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Aoki H, Horie M. Electrical disorders in atrial septal defect: genetics and heritability. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:S2848-S2853. [PMID: 30305944 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.02.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Atrial septal defect (ASD) is one of the most common types of congenital heart diseases (CHDs). Most ASDs occur sporadically, but some are inherited and associated with cardiac conduction defects such as atrioventricular block (AVB) or bundle branch block. Mutations in genes encoding transcription factor gene TBX5 and NKX2-5, were found in Holt-Oram syndrome (HOS) and ASD with atrioventricular (AV) conduction defects, respectively. HOS is characterized by upper limb anomaly in addition to ASD and AVB (heart-hand syndrome). ASD associated with NKX2-5 is rare but is reported to cause sudden cardiac death (SCD) or cardiomyopathy. We provide a review of these two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisaaki Aoki
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Minoru Horie
- Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Ohtsu, Shiga, Japan
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HIRA directly targets the enhancers of selected cardiac transcription factors during in vitro differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:1001-1011. [PMID: 30030774 PMCID: PMC6156767 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
HIRA is a histone chaperone known to modulate gene expression through the deposition of H3.3. Conditional knockout of Hira in embryonic mouse hearts leads to cardiac septal defects. Loss of function mutation in HIRA, together with other chromatin modifiers, was found in patients with congenital heart diseases. However, the effects of HIRA on gene expression at earlier stages of cardiogenic mesoderm differentiation have not yet been studied. Differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) towards cardiomyocytes mimics some of these early events and is an accepted model of these early stages. We performed RNA-Seq and H3.3-HA ChIP-seq on both WT and Hira-null mESCs and early cardiomyocyte progenitors of both genotypes. Analysis of RNA-seq data showed differential down regulation of cardiovascular development-related genes in Hira-null cardiomyocytes compared to WT cardiomyocytes. We found HIRA-dependent H3.3 deposition at these genes. In particular, we observed that HIRA influenced directly the expression of the transcription factors Gata6, Meis1 and Tbx2, essential for cardiac septation, through H3.3 deposition. We therefore identified new direct targets of HIRA during cardiac differentiation.
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50
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Liu N, Schoch K, Luo X, Pena LDM, Bhavana VH, Kukolich MK, Stringer S, Powis Z, Radtke K, Mroske C, Deak KL, McDonald MT, McConkie-Rosell A, Markert ML, Kranz PG, Stong N, Need AC, Bick D, Amaral MD, Worthey EA, Levy S, Wangler MF, Bellen HJ, Shashi V, Yamamoto S. Functional variants in TBX2 are associated with a syndromic cardiovascular and skeletal developmental disorder. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 27:2454-2465. [PMID: 29726930 PMCID: PMC6030957 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The 17 genes of the T-box family are transcriptional regulators that are involved in all stages of embryonic development, including craniofacial, brain, heart, skeleton and immune system. Malformation syndromes have been linked to many of the T-box genes. For example, haploinsufficiency of TBX1 is responsible for many structural malformations in DiGeorge syndrome caused by a chromosome 22q11.2 deletion. We report four individuals with an overlapping spectrum of craniofacial dysmorphisms, cardiac anomalies, skeletal malformations, immune deficiency, endocrine abnormalities and developmental impairments, reminiscent of DiGeorge syndrome, who are heterozygotes for TBX2 variants. The p.R20Q variant is shared by three affected family members in an autosomal dominant manner; the fourth unrelated individual has a de novo p.R305H mutation. Bioinformatics analyses indicate that these variants are rare and predict them to be damaging. In vitro transcriptional assays in cultured cells show that both variants result in reduced transcriptional repressor activity of TBX2. We also show that the variants result in reduced protein levels of TBX2. Heterologous over-expression studies in Drosophila demonstrate that both p.R20Q and p.R305H function as partial loss-of-function alleles. Hence, these and other data suggest that TBX2 is a novel candidate gene for a new multisystem malformation disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kelly Schoch
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Loren D M Pena
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Mary K Kukolich
- Department of Genetics, Cook Children’s Hospital, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Sarah Stringer
- Department of Genetics, Cook Children’s Hospital, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Zöe Powis
- Clinical Genomics, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA, USA
| | - Kelly Radtke
- Clinical Genomics, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA, USA
| | | | - Kristen L Deak
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Marie T McDonald
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Allyn McConkie-Rosell
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - M Louise Markert
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Peter G Kranz
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Duke Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nicholas Stong
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anna C Need
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David Bick
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | | | | | - Shawn Levy
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | | | - Michael F Wangler
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vandana Shashi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke Health, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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