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Rubio AO, Stuckert AMM, Geralds B, Nielsen R, MacManes MD, Summers K. What Makes a Mimic? Orange, Red, and Black Color Production in the Mimic Poison Frog (Ranitomeya imitator). Genome Biol Evol 2024; 16:evae123. [PMID: 38874406 PMCID: PMC11255871 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evae123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Aposematic organisms rely on their conspicuous appearance to signal that they are defended and unpalatable. Such phenotypes are strongly tied to survival and reproduction. Aposematic colors and patterns are highly variable; however, the genetic, biochemical, and physiological mechanisms producing this conspicuous coloration remain largely unidentified. Here, we identify genes potentially affecting color variation in two color morphs of Ranitomeya imitator: the orange-banded Sauce and the redheaded Varadero morphs. We examine gene expression in black and orange skin patches from the Sauce morph and black and red skin patches from the Varadero morph. We identified genes differentially expressed between skin patches, including those that are involved in melanin synthesis (e.g. mlana, pmel, tyrp1), iridophore development (e.g. paics, ppat, ak1), pteridine synthesis (e.g. gch1, pax3-a, xdh), and carotenoid metabolism (e.g. dgat2, rbp1, scarb2). In addition, using weighted correlation network analysis, we identified the top 50 genes with high connectivity from the most significant network associated with gene expression differences between color morphs. Of these 50 genes, 13 were known to be related to color production (gch1, gmps, gpr143, impdh1, mc1r, pax3-a, pax7, ppat, rab27a, rlbp1, tfec, trpm1, xdh).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew O Rubio
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Adam M M Stuckert
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - BreAnn Geralds
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Rasmus Nielsen
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Matthew D MacManes
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Kyle Summers
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
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2
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Lin D, Wan M, Fan Y. Electron-transferring flavoprotein and its dehydrogenase contributed to growth development and virulence in Beauveria bassiana. J Invertebr Pathol 2024; 205:108141. [PMID: 38788920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2024.108141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Electron-transferring flavoprotein (Etf) and its dehydrogenase (Etfdh) are integral components of the electron transport chain in mitochondria. In this study, we characterize two putative etf genes (Bbetfa and Bbetfb) and their dehydrogenase gene Bbetfdh in the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. Individual deletion of these genes caused a significant reduction in vegetative growth, conidiation, and delayed conidial germination. Lack of these genes also led to abnormal metabolism of fatty acid and increasing lipid body accumulation. Furthermore, the virulence of Bbetfs and Bbetfdh deletion mutants was severely impaired due to decreasing infection structure formation. Additionally, all deletion strains showed reduced ATP synthesis compared to the wild-type strain. Taken together, Bbetfa and Bbetfb, along with Bbetfdh, play principal roles in fungal vegetative growth, conidiation, conidial germination, and pathogenicity of B. bassiana due to their essential functions in fatty acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Lin
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Wan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanhua Fan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China.
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3
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Li S, Xu R, Yao Y, Rousseau D. ATAD3 is a limiting factor in mitochondrial biogenesis and adipogenesis of white adipocyte-like 3T3-L1 cells. Cell Biol Int 2024. [PMID: 38923254 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
ATAD3 is a vital ATPase of the inner mitochondrial membrane of pluri-cellular eukaryotes, with largely unknown functions but early required for organism development as necessary for mitochondrial biogenesis. ATAD3 knock-down in C. elegans inhibits at first the development of adipocyte-like intestinal tissue so we used mouse adipocyte model 3T3-L1 cells to analyze ATAD3 functions during adipogenesis and lipogenesis in a mammalian model. ATAD3 function was studied by stable and transient modulation of ATAD3 expression in adipogenesis- induced 3T3-L1 cells using Knock-Down and overexpression strategies, exploring different steps of adipocyte differentiation and lipogenesis. We show that (i) an increase in ATAD3 is preceding differentiation-induced mitochondrial biogenesis; (ii) downregulation of ATAD3 inhibits adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and impedes overexpression of many mitochondrial proteins; (iii) ATAD3 re-expression rescues the phenotype of ATAD3 KD, and (iv) differentiation and lipogenesis are accelerated by ATAD3 overexpression, but inhibited by expression of a dominant-negative mutant. We further show that the ATAD3 KD phenotype is not due to altered insulin signal but involves a limitation of mitochondrial biogenesis linked to Drp1. These results demonstrate that ATAD3 is limiting for in vitro mitochondrial biogenesis and adipogenesis/lipogenesis and therefore that ATAD3 mutation/over- or under-expression could be involved in adipogenic and lipogenic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuijie Li
- Department of Biology, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Rui Xu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology of Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology of Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Denis Rousseau
- Department of Biology, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Laboratoire des Matériaux et du Génie Physique-Interfaces entre Matériaux et Matière Biologique -Institut National Polytechnique-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Unité Mixte de Recherche, Grenoble, France
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4
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Roman M, Wrobel TP, Panek A, Kwiatek WM. High-definition FT-IR reveals a synergistic effect on lipid accumulation in prostate cancer cells induced by a combination of X-rays and radiosensitizing drugs. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159468. [PMID: 38408538 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the most commonly used cancer therapies with many benefits including low toxicity to healthy tissues. However, a major problem in radiotherapy is cancer radioresistance. To enhance the effect of this kind of therapy several approaches have been proposed such as the use of radiosensitizers. A combined treatment of radiotherapy and radiosensitizing drugs leads to a greater effect on cancer cells than anticipated from the addition of both responses (synergism). In this study, high-definition FT-IR imaging was applied to follow lipid accumulation in prostate cancer cells as a response to X-ray irradiation, radiosensitizing drugs, and a combined treatment of X-rays and the drugs. Lipid accumulation induced in the cells by an increasing X-ray dose and the presence of the drugs was analyzed using Principal Component Analysis and lipid staining. Finally, the synergistic effect of the combined therapy (X-rays and radiosensitizers) was confirmed by calculations of the integral intensity of the 2850 cm-1 band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Roman
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Krakow, Poland; SOLARIS National Synchrotron Radiation Centre, Jagiellonian University, Czerwone Maki 98, 30-392 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Tomasz P Wrobel
- SOLARIS National Synchrotron Radiation Centre, Jagiellonian University, Czerwone Maki 98, 30-392 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Panek
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Krakow, Poland
| | - Wojciech M Kwiatek
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Krakow, Poland
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5
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Deng B, Kong W, Shen X, Han C, Zhao Z, Chen S, Zhou C, Bae-Jump V. The role of DGAT1 and DGAT2 in regulating tumor cell growth and their potential clinical implications. J Transl Med 2024; 22:290. [PMID: 38500157 PMCID: PMC10946154 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05084-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism is widely reprogrammed in tumor cells. Lipid droplet is a common organelle existing in most mammal cells, and its complex and dynamic functions in maintaining redox and metabolic balance, regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress, modulating chemoresistance, and providing essential biomolecules and ATP have been well established in tumor cells. The balance between lipid droplet formation and catabolism is critical to maintaining energy metabolism in tumor cells, while the process of energy metabolism affects various functions essential for tumor growth. The imbalance of synthesis and catabolism of fatty acids in tumor cells leads to the alteration of lipid droplet content in tumor cells. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2, the enzymes that catalyze the final step of triglyceride synthesis, participate in the formation of lipid droplets in tumor cells and in the regulation of cell proliferation, migration and invasion, chemoresistance, and prognosis in tumor. Several diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 inhibitors have been developed over the past decade and have shown anti-tumor effects in preclinical tumor models and improvement of metabolism in clinical trials. In this review, we highlight key features of fatty acid metabolism and different paradigms of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 activities on cell proliferation, migration, chemoresistance, and prognosis in tumor, with the hope that these scientific findings will have potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boer Deng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Weimin Kong
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Xiaochang Shen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Chao Han
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyi Zhao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Shuning Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Chunxiao Zhou
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Victoria Bae-Jump
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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6
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Cinato M, Andersson L, Miljanovic A, Laudette M, Kunduzova O, Borén J, Levin MC. Role of Perilipins in Oxidative Stress-Implications for Cardiovascular Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:209. [PMID: 38397807 PMCID: PMC10886189 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants in a cell. In the heart, oxidative stress may deteriorate calcium handling, cause arrhythmia, and enhance maladaptive cardiac remodeling by the induction of hypertrophic and apoptotic signaling pathways. Consequently, dysregulated ROS production and oxidative stress have been implicated in numerous cardiac diseases, including heart failure, cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury, cardiac hypertrophy, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Lipid droplets (LDs) are conserved intracellular organelles that enable the safe and stable storage of neutral lipids within the cytosol. LDs are coated with proteins, perilipins (Plins) being one of the most abundant. In this review, we will discuss the interplay between oxidative stress and Plins. Indeed, LDs and Plins are increasingly being recognized for playing a critical role beyond energy metabolism and lipid handling. Numerous reports suggest that an essential purpose of LD biogenesis is to alleviate cellular stress, such as oxidative stress. Given the yet unmet suitability of ROS as targets for the intervention of cardiovascular disease, the endogenous antioxidant capacity of Plins may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Cinato
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; (M.C.); (L.A.); (A.M.); (M.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Linda Andersson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; (M.C.); (L.A.); (A.M.); (M.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Azra Miljanovic
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; (M.C.); (L.A.); (A.M.); (M.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Marion Laudette
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; (M.C.); (L.A.); (A.M.); (M.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Oksana Kunduzova
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) 1297, Toulouse III University—Paul Sabatier, 31432 Toulouse, France;
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; (M.C.); (L.A.); (A.M.); (M.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Malin C. Levin
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden; (M.C.); (L.A.); (A.M.); (M.L.); (J.B.)
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7
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Yao L, Song H, Yin C, Huo F. An ICT-switched fluorescent probe for visualizing lipid and HClO in lipid droplets during ferroptosis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:835-838. [PMID: 38131382 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05679a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we have designed and synthesized a fluorescent probe, LDs-ClO, which can detect hypochlorous acid and lipid accumulation simultaneously in lipid droplets of live RAW 264.7 cells. Cell ferroptosis was discovered to lead to an increase in HClO levels, and to possibly further stimulate accumulation of lipid. We expect the results of this work with LDs-ClO to promote the study of physiological and pathological processes related to lipid droplets and hypochlorite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Yao
- Research Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Hongjun Song
- Research Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Caixia Yin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Fangjun Huo
- Research Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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8
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Gawden-Bone CM, Lehner PJ, Volkmar N. As a matter of fat: Emerging roles of lipid-sensitive E3 ubiquitin ligases. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2300139. [PMID: 37890275 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic structure and composition of lipid membranes need to be tightly regulated to control the vast array of cellular processes from cell and organelle morphology to protein-protein interactions and signal transduction pathways. To maintain membrane integrity, sense-and-response systems monitor and adjust membrane lipid composition to the ever-changing cellular environment, but only a relatively small number of control systems have been described. Here, we explore the emerging role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in monitoring and maintaining membrane lipid composition. We focus on the ER-resident RNF145 E3 ubiquitin ligase, its role in regulating adiponectin receptor 2 (ADIPOR2), its lipid hydrolase substrate, and the broader implications for understanding the homeostatic processes that fine-tune cellular membrane composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Gawden-Bone
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul J Lehner
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Norbert Volkmar
- Institute for Molecular Systems Biology (IMSB), ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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9
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Venkatesan N, Doskey LC, Malhi H. The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum in Lipotoxicity during Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) Pathogenesis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1887-1899. [PMID: 37689385 PMCID: PMC10699131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Perturbations in lipid and protein homeostasis induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Lipotoxic and proteotoxic stress can activate the unfolded protein response (UPR) transducers: inositol requiring enzyme1α, PKR-like ER kinase, and activating transcription factor 6α. Collectively, these pathways induce expression of genes that encode functions to resolve the protein folding defect and ER stress by increasing the protein folding capacity of the ER and degradation of misfolded proteins. The ER is also intimately connected with lipid metabolism, including de novo ceramide synthesis, phospholipid and cholesterol synthesis, and lipid droplet formation. Following their activation, the UPR transducers also regulate lipogenic pathways in the liver. With persistent ER stress, cellular adaptation fails, resulting in hepatocyte apoptosis, a pathological marker of liver disease. In addition to the ER-nucleus signaling activated by the UPR, the ER can interact with other organelles via membrane contact sites. Modulating intracellular communication between ER and endosomes, lipid droplets, and mitochondria to restore ER homeostasis could have therapeutic efficacy in ameliorating liver disease. Recent studies have also demonstrated that cells can convey ER stress by the release of extracellular vesicles. This review discusses lipotoxic ER stress and the central role of the ER in communicating ER stress to other intracellular organelles in MASLD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanditha Venkatesan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Luke C Doskey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Harmeet Malhi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
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Nisticò C, Chiarella E. An Overview on Lipid Droplets Accumulation as Novel Target for Acute Myeloid Leukemia Therapy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3186. [PMID: 38137407 PMCID: PMC10741140 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is a key alteration in tumorigenesis. In cancer cells, changes in metabolic fluxes are required to cope with large demands on ATP, NADPH, and NADH, as well as carbon skeletons. In particular, dysregulation in lipid metabolism ensures a great energy source for the cells and sustains cell membrane biogenesis and signaling molecules, which are necessary for tumor progression. Increased lipid uptake and synthesis results in intracellular lipid accumulation as lipid droplets (LDs), which in recent years have been considered hallmarks of malignancies. Here, we review current evidence implicating the biogenesis, composition, and functions of lipid droplets in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This is an aggressive hematological neoplasm originating from the abnormal expansion of myeloid progenitor cells in bone marrow and blood and can be fatal within a few months without treatment. LD accumulation positively correlates with a poor prognosis in AML since it involves the activation of oncogenic signaling pathways and cross-talk between the tumor microenvironment and leukemic cells. Targeting altered LD production could represent a potential therapeutic strategy in AML. From this perspective, we discuss the main inhibitors tested in in vitro AML cell models to block LD formation, which is often associated with leukemia aggressiveness and which may find clinical application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clelia Nisticò
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10124 Candiolo, Italy
| | - Emanuela Chiarella
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Græcia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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11
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Hu J, Liu Y, Du Y, Peng X, Liu Z. Cellular organelles as drug carriers for disease treatment. J Control Release 2023; 363:114-135. [PMID: 37742846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Organelles not only constitute the basic structure of the cell but also are important in maintaining the normal physiological activities of the cell. With the development of biomimetic nanoscience, researchers have developed technologies to use organelles as drug carriers for disease treatment. Compared with traditional drug carriers, organelle drug carriers have the advantages of good biocompatibility, high drug loading efficiency, and modifiability, and the surface biomarkers of organelles can also participate in intracellular signal transduction to enhance intracellular and intercellular communication, and assist in enhancing the therapeutic effect of drugs. Among different types of organelles, extracellular vesicles, lipid droplets, lysosomes, and mitochondria have been used as drug carriers. This review briefly reviews the biogenesis, isolation methods, and drug-loading methods of four types of organelles, and systematically summarizes the research progress in using organelles as drug-delivery systems for disease treatment. Finally, the challenges faced by organelle-based drug delivery systems are discussed. Although the organelle-based drug delivery systems still face challenges before they can achieve clinical translation, they offer a new direction and vision for the development of next-generation drug carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Yanfei Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Yimin Du
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Xingxing Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Zhenbao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, PR China; Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, PR China.
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12
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Wang T, Cheng Z, Zhao R, Cheng J, Ren H, Zhang P, Liu P, Hao Q, Zhang Q, Yu X, Sun D, Zhang D. Sirt6 enhances macrophage lipophagy and improves lipid metabolism disorder by regulating the Wnt1/β-catenin pathway in atherosclerosis. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:156. [PMID: 37736721 PMCID: PMC10515036 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01891-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism disorders are considerably involved in the pathology of atherosclerosis; nevertheless, the fundamental mechanism is still largely unclear. This research sought to examine the function of lipophagy in lipid metabolism disorder-induced atherosclerosis and its fundamental mechanisms. Previously, Sirt6 has been reported to stimulate plaque stability by promoting macrophage autophagy. However, its role in macrophage lipophagy and its relationship with Wnt1 remains to be established. In this study, ApoE-/-: Sirt6-/- and ApoE-/-: Sirt6Tg mice were used and lipid droplets were analysed via transmission electron microscopy and Bodipy 493/503 staining in vitro. Atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE-/-: Sirt6-/- mice showed greater necrotic cores and lower stability score. Reconstitution of Sirt6 in atherosclerotic mice improved lipid metabolism disorder and prevented the progression of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, macrophages with Ac-LDL intervention showed more lipid droplets and increased expression of adipophilin and PLIN2. Reconstitution of Sirt6 recruited using SNF2H suppressed Wnt1 expression and improved lipid metabolism disorder by promoting lipophagy. In addition, downregulation of Sirt6 expression in Ac-LDL-treated macrophages inhibited lipid droplet degradation and stimulated foam cell formation. Innovative discoveries in the research revealed that atherosclerosis is caused by lipid metabolism disorders due to downregulated Sirt6 expression. Thus, modulating Sirt6's function in lipid metabolism might be a useful therapeutic approach for treating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zheng Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - He Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Pengke Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Pengyun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Qimeng Hao
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiaolei Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Dongdong Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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13
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Zhang H, Fang J, Dai Y, Pan Y, Chu K, Smith ZJ. Rapid Intracellular Detection and Analysis of Lipid Droplets' Morpho-Chemical Composition by Phase-Guided Raman Sampling. Anal Chem 2023; 95:13555-13565. [PMID: 37650651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic, complex organelles involved in nearly all aspects of cellular metabolism. In situ characterization methods are primarily limited to fluorescence imaging, which yields limited chemical information, or Raman spectroscopy, which provides excellent chemical profiling but very low throughput. Here, we propose a new paradigm where locations of both large and small droplets are obtained automatically from high-resolution phase images and fed into a galvomirror-controlled Raman sampling arm to obtain the full spectrum of each LD efficiently. Using this phase-guided Raman sampling, we can characterize hundreds of LDs within a single cell in minutes and easily acquire more than 40,000 high-quality spectra. The data set revealed strong, cell line-dependent, cell-dependent, and individual droplet-dependent composition changes to various culture conditions. In particular, we revealed a strong competitive relationship between mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, where supplementation with one led to a relative decrease in the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jingde Fang
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yichuan Dai
- Department of Advanced Manufacturing, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330027, China
| | - Yang Pan
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Kaiqin Chu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zachary J Smith
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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14
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Kim JJ, Hong S, Seo JY. A Cysteine Residue of Human Cytomegalovirus vMIA Protein Plays a Crucial Role in Viperin Trafficking to Control Viral Infectivity. J Virol 2023; 97:e0187422. [PMID: 37306568 PMCID: PMC10308886 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01874-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Viperin is a multifunctional interferon-inducible protein that is directly induced in cells by human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. The viral mitochondrion-localized inhibitor of apoptosis (vMIA) interacts with viperin at the early stages of infection and translocates it from the endoplasmic reticulum to the mitochondria, where viperin modulates the cellular metabolism to increase viral infectivity. Viperin finally relocalizes to the viral assembly compartment (AC) at late stages of infection. Despite the importance of vMIA interactions with viperin during viral infection, their interacting residues are unknown. In the present study, we showed that cysteine residue 44 (Cys44) of vMIA and the N-terminal domain (amino acids [aa] 1 to 42) of viperin are necessary for their interaction and for the mitochondrial localization of viperin. In addition, the N-terminal domain of mouse viperin, which is structurally similar to that of human viperin, interacted with vMIA. This indicates that the structure, rather than the sequence composition, of the N-terminal domain of viperin, is required for the interaction with vMIA. Recombinant HCMV, in which Cys44 of vMIA was replaced by an alanine residue, failed to translocate viperin to the mitochondria at the early stages of infection and inefficiently relocalized it to the AC at late stages of infection, resulting in the impairment of viperin-mediated lipid synthesis and a reduction in viral replication. These data indicate that Cys44 of vMIA is therefore essential for the intracellular trafficking and function of viperin to increase viral replication. Our findings also suggest that the interacting residues of these two proteins are potential therapeutic targets for HCMV-associated diseases. IMPORTANCE Viperin traffics to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, and viral assembly compartment (AC) during human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. Viperin has antiviral activity at the ER and regulates cellular metabolism at the mitochondria. Here, we show that Cys44 of HCMV vMIA protein and the N-terminal domain (aa 1 to 42) of viperin are necessary for their interaction. Cys44 of vMIA also has a critical role for viperin trafficking from the ER to the AC via the mitochondria during viral infection. Recombinant HCMV expressing a mutant vMIA Cys44 has impaired lipid synthesis and viral infectivity, which are attributed to mislocalization of viperin. Cys44 of vMIA is essential for the trafficking and function of viperin and may be a therapeutic target for HCMV-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Jin Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sookyung Hong
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Seo
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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15
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Wang M, Zhang J, Wu Y. Tumor metabolism rewiring in epithelial ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:108. [PMID: 37277821 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mortality rate of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains the first in malignant tumors of the female reproductive system. The characteristics of rapid proliferation, extensive implanted metastasis, and treatment resistance of cancer cells require an extensive metabolism rewiring during the progression of cancer development. EOC cells satisfy their rapid proliferation through the rewiring of perception, uptake, utilization, and regulation of glucose, lipids, and amino acids. Further, complete implanted metastasis by acquiring a superior advantage in microenvironment nutrients competing. Lastly, success evolves under the treatment stress of chemotherapy and targets therapy. Understanding the above metabolic characteristics of EOCs helps to find new methods of its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, 17 Qihelou St, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100006, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, 17 Qihelou St, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100006, China
| | - Yumei Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, 17 Qihelou St, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100006, China.
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16
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Dai X, Wang B, Tian M, Wang J, Dong B, Kong X. Development of a high polarity-sensitive fluorescent probe for visualizing the lipid droplets and endoplasmic reticulum with dual colors in living cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 301:122973. [PMID: 37301028 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are unique organelles that control the lipid metabolism in cells. It has been identified that the generations of LDs derive from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and they have closely related with amount of cellular activities for maintaining homeostasis. To further explore the detail interactions between LDs and ER, we have developed a novel polarity-sensitive fluorescent probe LP with distinct D-π-A-π-D framework and applied it to imaging LDs and ER with dual colors at the same time. Probe LP showed well red-shifted emissions with the increase fraction of water in the 1,4- dioxane due to ICT process. In biological imaging, probe LP could visualize LDs and ER with green and red fluorescence separately. Besides, the dynamic behaviors of LDs and ER were achieved using LP during the oleic acids and starvation stimulations. Therefore, probe LP is a valuable molecular tool for investigating the relationships of LDs and ER in various cellular activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Dai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China
| | - Bingxin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China
| | - Minggang Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China
| | - Jingchao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China
| | - Baoli Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China.
| | - Xiuqi Kong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, PR China.
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17
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhao G, Orsulic S, Matei D. Metabolic dependencies and targets in ovarian cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 245:108413. [PMID: 37059310 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Reprogramming of cellular metabolism is a hallmark of cancer. Cancer cells undergo metabolic adaptations to maintain tumorigenicity and survive under the attack of immune cells and chemotherapy in the tumor microenvironment. Metabolic alterations in ovarian cancer in part overlap with findings from other solid tumors and in part reflect unique traits. Altered metabolic pathways not only facilitate ovarian cancer cells' survival and proliferation but also endow them to metastasize, acquire resistance to chemotherapy, maintain cancer stem cell phenotype and escape the effects of anti-tumor immune defense. In this review, we comprehensively review the metabolic signatures of ovarian cancer and their impact on cancer initiation, progression, and resistance to treatment. We highlight novel therapeutic strategies targeting metabolic pathways under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Driskill Graduate Training Program in Life Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yinu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Guangyuan Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Driskill Graduate Training Program in Life Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sandra Orsulic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Daniela Matei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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18
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Ratnayake OC, Chotiwan N, Saavedra-Rodriguez K, Perera R. The buzz in the field: the interaction between viruses, mosquitoes, and metabolism. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1128577. [PMID: 37360524 PMCID: PMC10289420 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1128577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Among many medically important pathogens, arboviruses like dengue, Zika and chikungunya cause severe health and economic burdens especially in developing countries. These viruses are primarily vectored by mosquitoes. Having surmounted geographical barriers and threat of control strategies, these vectors continue to conquer many areas of the globe exposing more than half of the world's population to these viruses. Unfortunately, no medical interventions have been capable so far to produce successful vaccines or antivirals against many of these viruses. Thus, vector control remains the fundamental strategy to prevent disease transmission. The long-established understanding regarding the replication of these viruses is that they reshape both human and mosquito host cellular membranes upon infection for their replicative benefit. This leads to or is a result of significant alterations in lipid metabolism. Metabolism involves complex chemical reactions in the body that are essential for general physiological functions and survival of an organism. Finely tuned metabolic homeostases are maintained in healthy organisms. However, a simple stimulus like a viral infection can alter this homeostatic landscape driving considerable phenotypic change. Better comprehension of these mechanisms can serve as innovative control strategies against these vectors and viruses. Here, we review the metabolic basis of fundamental mosquito biology and virus-vector interactions. The cited work provides compelling evidence that targeting metabolism can be a paradigm shift and provide potent tools for vector control as well as tools to answer many unresolved questions and gaps in the field of arbovirology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oshani C. Ratnayake
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Nunya Chotiwan
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Karla Saavedra-Rodriguez
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Rushika Perera
- Center for Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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19
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Dall'Armellina F, Stagi M, Swan LE. In silico modeling human VPS13 proteins associated with donor and target membranes suggests lipid transfer mechanisms. Proteins 2023; 91:439-455. [PMID: 36404287 PMCID: PMC10953354 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The VPS13 protein family constitutes a novel class of bridge-like lipid transferases. Autosomal recessive inheritance of mutations in VPS13 genes is associated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases in humans. Bioinformatic approaches previously recognized the domain architecture of these proteins. In this study, we model the first ever full-length structures of the four human homologs VPS13A, VPS13B, VPS13C, and VPS13D in association with model membranes, to investigate their lipid transfer ability and potential structural association with membrane leaflets. We analyze the evolutionary conservation and physicochemical properties of these proteins, focusing on conserved C-terminal amphipathic helices that disturb organelle surfaces and that, adjoined, resemble a traditional Venetian gondola. The gondola domains share significant structural homology with lipid droplet surface-binding proteins. We introduce in silico protein-membrane models displaying the mode of association of VPS13A, VPS13B, VPS13C, and VPS13D to donor and target membranes, and present potential models of action for protein-mediated lipid transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Dall'Armellina
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems BiologyInstitute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Massimiliano Stagi
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems BiologyInstitute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Laura E. Swan
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems BiologyInstitute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
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20
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Yanina IY, Dyachenko PA, Abdurashitov AS, Shalin AS, Minin IV, Minin OV, Bulygin AD, Vrazhnov DA, Kistenev YV, Tuchin VV. Light distribution in fat cell layers at physiological temperatures. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1073. [PMID: 36658207 PMCID: PMC9852459 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) optical properties for physiological temperatures and in vivo conditions are still insufficiently studied. The AT is composed mainly of packed cells close to spherical shape. It is a possible reason that AT demonstrates a very complicated spatial structure of reflected or transmitted light. It was shown with a cellular tissue phantom, is split into a fan of narrow tracks, originating from the insertion point and representing filament-like light distribution. The development of suitable approaches for describing light propagation in a AT is urgently needed. A mathematical model of the propagation of light through the layers of fat cells is proposed. It has been shown that the sharp local focusing of optical radiation (light localized near the shadow surface of the cells) and its cleavage by coupling whispering gallery modes depends on the optical thickness of the cell layer. The optical coherence tomography numerical simulation and experimental studies results demonstrate the importance of sharp local focusing in AT for understanding its optical properties for physiological conditions and at AT heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Yu Yanina
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Str., Saratov, Russia, 410012. .,Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin's Av., Tomsk, Russia, 634050.
| | - Polina A Dyachenko
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Str., Saratov, Russia, 410012.,Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin's Av., Tomsk, Russia, 634050
| | - Arkady S Abdurashitov
- Center for Neurobiology and Brain Restoration, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3Nobelya Str., Moscow, Russia, 121205
| | - Alexander S Shalin
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russia.,Institute of Telecommunications, Riga Technical University, 12 Azenes str., LV-1658, Riga, Latvia.,Laboratory of Fiber Optics and Optical Measurements UB-1, Kotel'nikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of Russian Academy of Sciences (Ulyanovsk Branch), 48 Goncharova Str., Ulyanovsk, Russia, 432011
| | - Igor V Minin
- School of Nondestructive Testing, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Av., Tomsk, Russia, 634050.,Institute for Strategic Studies, Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, 10 Plahotnogo Str., Novosibirsk, Russia, 630108
| | - Oleg V Minin
- School of Nondestructive Testing, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Av., Tomsk, Russia, 634050.,Institute for Strategic Studies, Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, 10 Plahotnogo Str., Novosibirsk, Russia, 630108
| | - Andrey D Bulygin
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin's Av., Tomsk, Russia, 634050.,Laboratory of Nonlinear Optical Interactions, V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Academician Zuev Sq., Tomsk, Russia, 634055
| | - Denis A Vrazhnov
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin's Av., Tomsk, Russia, 634050.,Laboratory for Remote Sensing of the Environment, V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Academician Zuev Sq., Tomsk, Russia, 634055
| | - Yury V Kistenev
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin's Av., Tomsk, Russia, 634050.,Laboratory for Remote Sensing of the Environment, V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Academician Zuev Sq., Tomsk, Russia, 634055
| | - Valery V Tuchin
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Str., Saratov, Russia, 410012.,Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin's Av., Tomsk, Russia, 634050.,Laboratory of Laser Diagnostics of Technical and Living Systems, Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control, FRC "Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences", 24 Rabochaya Str., Saratov, Russia, 410028.,A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, FRC "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", 33-2, Leninsky Av., Moscow, Russia, 119991
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21
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Asfia S, Seemann R, Fleury JB. Phospholipids diffusion on the surface of model lipid droplets. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184074. [PMID: 36283490 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LD) are organelles localized in the membrane of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) that play an important role in metabolic functions. They consist of a core of neutral lipids surrounded by a monolayer of phosphoplipids and proteins resembling an oil-in-water emulsion droplet. Many studies have focused on the biophysical properties of these LDs. However, despite numerous efforts, we are lacking information on the mobility of phospholipids on the LDs surface, although they may play a key role in the protein distribution. In this article, we developed a microfluidic setup that allows the formation of a triolein-buffer interface decorated with a phospholipid monolayer. Using this setup, we measured the motility of phospholipid molecules by performing Fluorescent Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) experiments for different lipidic compositions. The results of the FRAP measurements reveal that the motility of phospholipids is controlled by the monolayer packing decorating the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Asfia
- Universitüt des Saarlandes, Experimental Physics and Center for Biophysics, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ralf Seemann
- Universitüt des Saarlandes, Experimental Physics and Center for Biophysics, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jean-Baptiste Fleury
- Universitüt des Saarlandes, Experimental Physics and Center for Biophysics, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
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22
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Omelchenko AN, Igonina TN, Brusentsev EY, Okotrub KA, Amstislavsky SY, Surovtsev NV. Cryopreservation increases accumulation of exogenous stearic acid in mouse embryos. Cryobiology 2022; 109:44-52. [PMID: 36179820 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreservation of preimplantation embryos is a widely used technique, but this procedure might impact the subsequent embryo development. The effect of slow freezing and vitrification on the lipid metabolism in preimplantation mammalian embryos is not well studied. In this work, we applied Raman spectroscopy of isotopically labeled molecules to address the effects of cryopreservation on fatty acid accumulation in mouse embryos. Embryos after slow freezing or vitrification were cultured for 20 h in a medium supplemented with bovine serum albumin saturated with deuterated stearic acid (dSA). After this period the concentration of dSA estimated from Raman spectra of frozen-thawed and vitrified-warmed embryos at the morula stage was almost twice higher compared to non-cryopreserved morulas. At the same time, frozen-thawed and vitrified-warmed 4-cell embryos did not demonstrate any difference in the level of stearic acid uptake from non-cryopreserved embryos of the same stage. After an additional 24 h culture, cryopreserved and non-cryopreserved embryos demonstrated similar dSA uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Omelchenko
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia; Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - T N Igonina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - E Y Brusentsev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia; Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - K A Okotrub
- Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - S Y Amstislavsky
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia; Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - N V Surovtsev
- Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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23
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Natarajaseenivasan K, Garcia A, Velusamy P, Shanmughapriya S, Langford D. Citrate shuttling in astrocytes is required for processing cocaine-induced neuron-derived excess peroxidated fatty acids. iScience 2022; 25:105407. [PMID: 36389000 PMCID: PMC9646946 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in lipid metabolism in the CNS contribute to neurodegeneration and cognitive impairments. Through tight metabolic coupling, astrocytes provide energy to neurons by delivering lactate and cholesterol and by taking up and processing neuron-derived peroxidated fatty acids (pFA). Disruption of CNS lipid homeostasis is observed in people who use cocaine and in several neurodegenerative disorders, including HIV. The brain's main source of energy is aerobic glycolysis, but numerous studies report a switch to β-oxidation of FAs in response to cocaine. Unlike astrocytes, in response to cocaine, neurons cannot efficiently consume excess pFAs for energy. Accumulation of pFA in neurons induces autophagy and release of pFA. Astrocytes endocytose the pFA for oxidation as an energy source. Our data show that blocking mitochondrial/cytosolic citrate transport reduces the neurotrophic capacity of astrocytes, leading to decreased neuronal fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalimuthusamy Natarajaseenivasan
- Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli, India
| | - Alvaro Garcia
- Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Prema Velusamy
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Santhanam Shanmughapriya
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Dianne Langford
- Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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24
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Ge S, Zhang RX, Wang YF, Sun P, Chu J, Li J, Sun P, Wang J, Hetherington AM, Liang YK. The Arabidopsis Rab protein RABC1 affects stomatal development by regulating lipid droplet dynamics. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:4274-4292. [PMID: 35929087 PMCID: PMC9614440 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are evolutionarily conserved organelles that serve as hubs of cellular lipid and energy metabolism in virtually all organisms. Mobilization of LDs is important in light-induced stomatal opening. However, whether and how LDs are involved in stomatal development remains unknown. We show here that Arabidopsis thaliana LIPID DROPLETS AND STOMATA 1 (LDS1)/RABC1 (At1g43890) encodes a member of the Rab GTPase family that is involved in regulating LD dynamics and stomatal morphogenesis. The expression of RABC1 is coordinated with the different phases of stomatal development. RABC1 targets to the surface of LDs in response to oleic acid application in a RABC1GEF1-dependent manner. RABC1 physically interacts with SEIPIN2/3, two orthologues of mammalian seipin, which function in the formation of LDs. Disruption of RABC1, RABC1GEF1, or SEIPIN2/3 resulted in aberrantly large LDs, severe defects in guard cell vacuole morphology, and stomatal function. In conclusion, these findings reveal an aspect of LD function and uncover a role for lipid metabolism in stomatal development in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yi-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Pengyue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiaheng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Peng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Alistair M Hetherington
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
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Fernandez-Acosta M, Romero JI, Bernabó G, Velázquez-Campos GM, Gonzalez N, Mares ML, Werbajh S, Avendaño-Vázquez LA, Rechberger GN, Kühnlein RP, Marino-Buslje C, Cantera R, Rezaval C, Ceriani MF. orsai, the Drosophila homolog of human ETFRF1, links lipid catabolism to growth control. BMC Biol 2022; 20:233. [PMID: 36266680 PMCID: PMC9585818 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01417-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipid homeostasis is an evolutionarily conserved process that is crucial for energy production, storage and consumption. Drosophila larvae feed continuously to achieve the roughly 200-fold increase in size and accumulate sufficient reserves to provide all energy and nutrients necessary for the development of the adult fly. The mechanisms controlling this metabolic program are poorly understood. Results Herein we identified a highly conserved gene, orsai (osi), as a key player in lipid metabolism in Drosophila. Lack of osi function in the larval fat body, the regulatory hub of lipid homeostasis, reduces lipid reserves and energy output, evidenced by decreased ATP production and increased ROS levels. Metabolic defects due to reduced Orsai (Osi) in time trigger defective food-seeking behavior and lethality. Further, we demonstrate that downregulation of Lipase 3, a fat body-specific lipase involved in lipid catabolism in response to starvation, rescues the reduced lipid droplet size associated with defective orsai. Finally, we show that osi-related phenotypes are rescued through the expression of its human ortholog ETFRF1/LYRm5, known to modulate the entry of β-oxidation products into the electron transport chain; moreover, knocking down electron transport flavoproteins EtfQ0 and walrus/ETFA rescues osi-related phenotypes, further supporting this mode of action. Conclusions These findings suggest that Osi may act in concert with the ETF complex to coordinate lipid homeostasis in the fat body in response to stage-specific demands, supporting cellular functions that in turn result in an adaptive behavioral response. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01417-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Fernandez-Acosta
- Laboratorio de Genética del Comportamiento, Fundación Instituto Leloir - Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA- CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan I Romero
- Laboratorio de Genética del Comportamiento, Fundación Instituto Leloir - Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA- CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Bernabó
- Laboratorio de Genética del Comportamiento, Fundación Instituto Leloir - Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA- CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Present Address: Innovid, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Giovanna M Velázquez-Campos
- Laboratorio de Genética del Comportamiento, Fundación Instituto Leloir - Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA- CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nerina Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Genética del Comportamiento, Fundación Instituto Leloir - Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA- CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Lucía Mares
- Laboratorio de Genética del Comportamiento, Fundación Instituto Leloir - Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA- CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Santiago Werbajh
- Laboratorio de Genética del Comportamiento, Fundación Instituto Leloir - Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA- CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Present Address: Fundación Cassará, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L Amaranta Avendaño-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Genética del Comportamiento, Fundación Instituto Leloir - Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA- CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Present Address: IFIBYNE-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gerald N Rechberger
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.,Field of Excellence BioHealth - University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ronald P Kühnlein
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.,Field of Excellence BioHealth - University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Cristina Marino-Buslje
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática Estructural, Fundación Instituto Leloir - Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA- CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rafael Cantera
- Departamento de Biología del Neurodesarrollo, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Zoology Department, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carolina Rezaval
- Laboratorio de Genética del Comportamiento, Fundación Instituto Leloir - Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA- CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Present Address: School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - M Fernanda Ceriani
- Laboratorio de Genética del Comportamiento, Fundación Instituto Leloir - Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA- CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Functional Complementation of Anti-Adipogenic Phytonutrients for Obesity Prevention and Management. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204325. [PMID: 36297009 PMCID: PMC9609749 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an established risk factor for metabolic disease. This study explores the functional complementation of anti-adipogenic phytonutrients for obesity prevention and management. Nine phytonutrients were selected based on their ability to affect the expression of one or more selected adipogenic biomarker proteins. The phytonutrients include berberine, luteolin, resveratrol, fisetin, quercetin, fucoidan, epigallocatechin gallate, hesperidin, and curcumin. The selected adipogenic biomarker proteins include PPARɣ, SREBP1c, FASN, PLIN1, FABP4, and β-catenin. Individually, phytonutrients had variable effects on the expression level of selected adipogenic biomarker proteins. Collectively, the functional complementation of nine phytonutrients suppressed de novo fatty acid biosynthesis via the negative regulation of PPARɣ, FASN, PLIN1, and FABP4 expression; activated glycolysis via the positive regulation of SREBP1c expression; and preserved cell–cell adhesion via the inhibition of β-catenin degradation. In primary human subcutaneous preadipocytes, the composition of nine phytonutrients had more potent and longer lasting anti-adipogenic effects compared to individual phytonutrients. In a diet-induced obesity murine model, the composition of nine phytonutrients improved glucose tolerance and reduced weight gain, liver steatosis, visceral adiposity, circulating triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The functional complementation of anti-adipogenic phytonutrients provides an effective approach toward engineering novel therapeutics for the prevention and management of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Armbruster J, Aboouf MA, Gassmann M, Egert A, Schorle H, Hornung V, Schmidt T, Schmid-Burgk JL, Kristiansen G, Bicker A, Hankeln T, Zhu H, Gorr TA. Myoglobin regulates fatty acid trafficking and lipid metabolism in mammary epithelial cells. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275725. [PMID: 36223378 PMCID: PMC9555620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myoglobin (MB) is known to bind and deliver oxygen in striated muscles at high expression levels. MB is also expressed at much reduced levels in mammary epithelial cells, where the protein´s function is unclear. In this study, we aim to determine whether MB impacts fatty acid trafficking and facilitates aerobic fatty acid ß-oxidation in mammary epithelial cells. We utilized MB-wildtype versus MB-knockout mice and human breast cancer cells to examine the impact of MB and its oxygenation status on fatty acid metabolism in mouse milk and mammary epithelia. MB deficient cells were generated through CRISPR/Cas9 and TALEN approaches and exposed to various oxygen tensions. Fatty acid profiling of milk and cell extracts were performed along with cell labelling and immunocytochemistry. Our findings show that MB expression in mammary epithelial cells promoted fatty acid oxidation while reducing stearyl-CoA desaturase activity for lipogenesis. In cells and milk product, presence of oxygenated MB significantly elevated indices of limited fatty acid ß-oxidation, i.e., the organelle-bound removal of a C2 moiety from long-chain saturated or monounsaturated fatty acids, thus shifting the composition toward more saturated and shorter fatty acid species. Presence of the globin also increased cytoplasmic fatty acid solubility under normoxia and fatty acid deposition to lipid droplets under severe hypoxia. We conclude that MB can function in mammary epithelia as intracellular O2-dependent shuttle of oxidizable fatty acid substrates. MB's impact on limited oxidation of fatty acids could generate inflammatory mediator lipokines, such as 7-hexadecenoate. Thus, the novel functions of MB in breast epithelia described herein range from controlling fatty acid turnover and homeostasis to influencing inflammatory signalling cascade. Future work is needed to analyse to what extent these novel roles of MB also apply to myocytic cell physiology and malignant cell behaviour, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Armbruster
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mostafa A. Aboouf
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Max Gassmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angela Egert
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Developmental Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hubert Schorle
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Developmental Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Veit Hornung
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmidt
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonathan L. Schmid-Burgk
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | | | - Anne Bicker
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Molecular and Genome Analysis, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Hankeln
- Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Molecular and Genome Analysis, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hao Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Thomas A. Gorr
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Sugii S, Wong CYQ, Lwin AKO, Chew LJM. Alternative fat: redefining adipocytes for biomanufacturing cultivated meat. Trends Biotechnol 2022; 41:686-700. [PMID: 36117023 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cellular agriculture provides a potentially sustainable way of producing cultivated meat as an alternative protein source. In addition to muscle and connective tissue, fat is an important component of animal meat that contributes to taste, texture, tenderness, and nutritional profiles. However, while the biology of fat cells (adipocytes) is well studied, there is a lack of investigation on how adipocytes from agricultural species are isolated, produced, and incorporated as food constituents. Recently we compiled all protocols related to generation and analysis of adipose progenitors from bovine, porcine, chicken, other livestock and seafood species. In this review we summarize recent developments and present key scientific questions and challenges that need to be addressed in order to advance the biomanufacture of 'alternative fat'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Sugii
- Bioengineering Systems Division, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (IBB), A*STAR, 31 Biopolis Way #07-01, Singapore 138669; Current address: Cell Biology and Therapies Division, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive #07-04 Proteos, Singapore 138673; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857.
| | - Cheryl Yeh Qi Wong
- Bioengineering Systems Division, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (IBB), A*STAR, 31 Biopolis Way #07-01, Singapore 138669; Current address: Cell Biology and Therapies Division, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive #07-04 Proteos, Singapore 138673
| | - Angela Khin Oo Lwin
- Bioengineering Systems Division, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (IBB), A*STAR, 31 Biopolis Way #07-01, Singapore 138669; Current address: Cell Biology and Therapies Division, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive #07-04 Proteos, Singapore 138673
| | - Lamony Jian Ming Chew
- Bioengineering Systems Division, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioimaging (IBB), A*STAR, 31 Biopolis Way #07-01, Singapore 138669; Current address: Cell Biology and Therapies Division, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A*STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive #07-04 Proteos, Singapore 138673
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29
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Dentoni G, Castro-Aldrete L, Naia L, Ankarcrona M. The Potential of Small Molecules to Modulate the Mitochondria–Endoplasmic Reticulum Interplay in Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:920228. [PMID: 36092728 PMCID: PMC9459385 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.920228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease affecting a growing number of elderly individuals. No disease-modifying drugs have yet been identified despite over 30 years of research on the topic, showing the need for further research on this multifactorial disease. In addition to the accumulation of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau), several other alterations have been associated with AD such as calcium (Ca2+) signaling, glucose-, fatty acid-, cholesterol-, and phospholipid metabolism, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Interestingly, all these processes have been associated with the mitochondria–endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contact site (MERCS) signaling hub. We and others have hypothesized that the dysregulated MERCS function may be one of the main pathogenic pathways driving AD pathology. Due to the variety of biological processes overseen at the MERCS, we believe that they constitute unique therapeutic targets to boost the neuronal function and recover neuronal homeostasis. Thus, developing molecules with the capacity to correct and/or modulate the MERCS interplay can unleash unique therapeutic opportunities for AD. The potential pharmacological intervention using MERCS modulators in different models of AD is currently under investigation. Here, we survey small molecules with the potential to modulate MERCS structures and functions and restore neuronal homeostasis in AD. We will focus on recently reported examples and provide an overview of the current challenges and future perspectives to develop MERCS modulators in the context of translational research.
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30
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Interplay between Lipid Metabolism, Lipid Droplets, and DNA Virus Infections. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142224. [PMID: 35883666 PMCID: PMC9324743 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are cellular organelles rich in neutral lipids such as triglycerides and cholesterol esters that are coated by a phospholipid monolayer and associated proteins. LDs are known to play important roles in the storage and availability of lipids in the cell and to serve as a source of energy reserve for the cell. However, these structures have also been related to oxidative stress, reticular stress responses, and reduced antigen presentation to T cells. Importantly, LDs are also known to modulate viral infection by participating in virus replication and assembly. Here, we review and discuss the interplay between neutral lipid metabolism and LDs in the replication cycle of different DNA viruses, identifying potentially new molecular targets for the treatment of viral infections.
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31
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Wong LL, Bruxvoort CG, Cejda NI, Delaney MR, Otero JR, Forsthoefel DJ. Intestine-enriched apolipoprotein b orthologs are required for stem cell progeny differentiation and regeneration in planarians. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3803. [PMID: 35778403 PMCID: PMC9249923 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31385-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism plays an instructive role in regulating stem cell state and differentiation. However, the roles of lipid mobilization and utilization in stem cell-driven regeneration are unclear. Planarian flatworms readily restore missing tissue due to injury-induced activation of pluripotent somatic stem cells called neoblasts. Here, we identify two intestine-enriched orthologs of apolipoprotein b, apob-1 and apob-2, which mediate transport of neutral lipid stores from the intestine to target tissues including neoblasts, and are required for tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Inhibition of apob function by RNAi causes head regression and lysis in uninjured animals, and delays body axis re-establishment and regeneration of multiple organs in amputated fragments. Furthermore, apob RNAi causes expansion of the population of differentiating neoblast progeny and dysregulates expression of genes enriched in differentiating and mature cells in eight major cell type lineages. We conclude that intestine-derived lipids serve as a source of metabolites required for neoblast progeny differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily L Wong
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Christina G Bruxvoort
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Veteran Affairs Medical Center - Research Services, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Nicholas I Cejda
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Center for Biomedical Data Science, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Matthew R Delaney
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jannette Rodriguez Otero
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Education, Universidad Interamericana de Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - David J Forsthoefel
- Genes and Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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A Perilipin Affects Lipid Droplet Homeostasis and Aerial Hyphal Growth, but Has Only Small Effects on Virulence in the Insect Pathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8060634. [PMID: 35736117 PMCID: PMC9225014 DOI: 10.3390/jof8060634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid assimilation, storage, and turnover impact growth, development, and virulence in many microbial pathogens including fungi. Perilipins are proteins associated with lipid droplets (LDs) that mediate their assembly and turnover. Here, we characterized the Beauveria bassiana (BbPlin1) perilipin. BbPlin1 expression was higher in minimal media than in rich media, and, using a BbPlin1::eGFP fusion protein, the protein was shown to be co−localized to LDs, with the high expression seen during infection and proliferation within the insect (Galleria mellonella) host that dramatically decreased to almost no expression during fungal outgrowth on cadavers including in conidia, but that BbPlin1 production resumed in the conidia once placed in nutrient−containing media allowing for germination and growth. Characterization of a targeted gene deletion strain (ΔBbPlin1) revealed a dramatic (>30%) reduction in cellular LD content, promotion of aerial hyphal growth, and a small decrease in virulence, with little to no effects on vegetative growth and stress responses. However, in the ΔBbPlin1 strain, expression of the complementary LD−associated caleosin gene, BbCal1, was enhanced under nutrient−poor conditions, although no changes in BbPlin1 expression were seen in a ΔBbCal1 strain and the expression of BbPlin1 in the ΔBbCal1 strain did not change LD patterns in cells. Transcriptome and RT−PCR analyses indicated increased expression of lipid metabolism−related genes, including triacylglyercol lipase 3, enoyl−CoA isomerase, and diacylglycerol−O−acetyl transferase in the BbPlin1 deletion mutant. Lipid profile analyses confirmed that the loss of BbPlin1 significantly reduced the cellular levels of contents of triacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine as compared to the wild−type strain. These results demonstrate the involvement of the B. bassiana perilipin in mediating lipid homeostasis, fungal aerial hyphal growth, and virulence, revealing critical cycling from high expression during nutrient utilization within host cadavers to low expression during growth on the surface of the cadaver during the infection process.
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Pillai S, Mahmud I, Mahar R, Griffith C, Langsen M, Nguyen J, Wojtkowiak JW, Swietach P, Gatenby RA, Bui MM, Merritt ME, McDonald P, Garrett TJ, Gillies RJ. Lipogenesis mediated by OGR1 regulates metabolic adaptation to acid stress in cancer cells via autophagy. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110796. [PMID: 35545051 PMCID: PMC9137419 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors exhibit altered metabolism resulting in a highly acidic extracellular microenvironment. Here, we show that cytoplasmic lipid droplet (LD) accumulation, indicative of a lipogenic phenotype, is a cellular adaption to extracellular acidity. LD marker PLIN2 is strongly associated with poor overall survival in breast cancer patients. Acid-induced LD accumulation is triggered by activation of the acid-sensing G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) OGR1, which is expressed highly in breast tumors. OGR1 depletion inhibits acid-induced lipid accumulation, while activation by a synthetic agonist triggers LD formation. Inhibition of OGR1 downstream signaling abrogates the lipogenic phenotype, which can be rescued with OGR1 ectopic expression. OGR1-depleted cells show growth inhibition under acidic growth conditions in vitro and tumor formation in vivo. Isotope tracing shows that the source of lipid precursors is primarily autophagy-derived ketogenic amino acids. OGR1-depleted cells are defective in endoplasmic reticulum stress response and autophagy and hence fail to accumulate LDs affecting survival under acidic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smitha Pillai
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Iqbal Mahmud
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rohit Mahar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Crystal Griffith
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Michael Langsen
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan Nguyen
- Analytical Microscopy Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan W Wojtkowiak
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Pawel Swietach
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Robert A Gatenby
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Marilyn M Bui
- Analytical Microscopy Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Matthew E Merritt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Patricia McDonald
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Timothy J Garrett
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Robert J Gillies
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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Kajiwara K, Osaki H, Greßies S, Kuwata K, Kim JH, Gensch T, Sato Y, Glorius F, Yamaguchi S, Taki M. A negative-solvatochromic fluorescent probe for visualizing intracellular distributions of fatty acid metabolites. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2533. [PMID: 35534485 PMCID: PMC9085894 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30153-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic distribution of fatty acid to organelles is an essential biological process for energy homeostasis as well as for the maintenance of membrane integrity, and the metabolic pathways are strictly regulated in response to environmental stimuli. Herein, we report a fluorescent fatty acid probe, which bears an azapyrene dye that changes its absorption and emission features depending on the microenvironment polarity of the organelle into which it is transported. Owing to the environmental sensitivity of this dye, the distribution of the metabolically incorporated probe in non-polar lipid droplets, medium-polarity membranes, and the polar aqueous regions, can be visualized in different colors. Based on density scatter plots of the fluorophore, we demonstrate that the degradation of triacylglycerols in lipid droplets occurs predominantly via lipolysis rather than lipophagy in nutrition-starved hepatocytes. This tool can thus be expected to significantly advance our understanding of the lipid metabolism in living organisms. Metabolic distribution of fatty acids to organelles is an essential biological process for energy homeostasis. Here the authors report a fluorescent probe that allows multicolour visualisation of the intracellular distribution of exogenous fatty acids, metabolically incorporated as lipid components.
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Choi YJ, Zaikova K, Yeom SJ, Kim YS, Lee DW. Biogenesis and Lipase-Mediated Mobilization of Lipid Droplets in Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1243. [PMID: 35567244 PMCID: PMC9105935 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic lipid droplets (LDs) derived from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) mainly contain neutral lipids, such as triacylglycerols (TAGs) and sterol esters, which are considered energy reserves. The metabolic pathways associated with LDs in eukaryotic species are involved in diverse cellular functions. TAG synthesis in plants is mediated by the sequential involvement of two subcellular organelles, i.e., plastids - plant-specific organelles, which serve as the site of lipid synthesis, and the ER. TAGs and sterol esters synthesized in the ER are sequestered to form LDs through the cooperative action of several proteins, such as SEIPINs, LD-associated proteins, LDAP-interacting proteins, and plant-specific proteins such as oleosins. The integrity and stability of LDs are highly dependent on oleosins, especially in the seeds, and oleosin degradation is critical for efficient mobilization of the TAGs of plant LDs. As the TAGs mobilize in LDs during germination and post-germinative growth, a plant-specific lipase-sugar-dependent 1 (SDP1)-plays a major role, through the inter-organellar communication between the ER and peroxisomes. In this review, we briefly recapitulate the different processes involved in the biogenesis and degradation of plant LDs, followed by a discussion of future perspectives in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ju Choi
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (Y.J.C.); (K.Z.)
| | - Kseniia Zaikova
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (Y.J.C.); (K.Z.)
| | - Soo-Jin Yeom
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Yeong-Su Kim
- Wild Plants Industrialization Research Division, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa 36209, Korea
| | - Dong Wook Lee
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (Y.J.C.); (K.Z.)
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Bio-Energy Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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Liu F, Danylchuk DI, Andreiuk B, Klymchenko AS. Dynamic covalent chemistry in live cells for organelle targeting and enhanced photodynamic action. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3652-3660. [PMID: 35432899 PMCID: PMC8966643 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04770a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Organelle-specific targeting enables increasing the therapeutic index of drugs and localizing probes for better visualization of cellular processes. Current targeting strategies require conjugation of a molecule of interest with organelle-targeting ligands. Here, we propose a concept of dynamic covalent targeting of organelles where the molecule is conjugated with its ligand directly inside live cells through a dynamic covalent bond. For this purpose, we prepared a series of organelle-targeting ligands with a hydrazide residue for reacting with dyes and drugs bearing a ketone group. We show that dynamic hydrazone bond can be formed between these hydrazide ligands and a ketone-functionalized Nile Red dye (NRK) in situ in model lipid membranes or nanoemulsion droplets. Fluorescence imaging in live cells reveals that the targeting hydrazide ligands can induce preferential localization of NRK dye and an anti-cancer drug doxorubicin in plasma membranes, mitochondria and lipid droplets. Thus, with help of the dynamic covalent targeting, it becomes possible to direct a given bioactive molecule to any desired organelle inside the cell without its initial functionalization by the targeting ligand. Localizing the same NRK dye in different organelles by the hydrazide ligands is found to affect drastically its photodynamic activity, with the most pronounced phototoxic effects in mitochondria and plasma membranes. The capacity of this approach to tune biological activity of molecules can improve efficacy of drugs and help to understand better their intracellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, ITI Chimie des Systèmes Complexes, Université de Strasbourg 74 Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch France
| | - Dmytro I Danylchuk
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, ITI Chimie des Systèmes Complexes, Université de Strasbourg 74 Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch France
| | - Bohdan Andreiuk
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, ITI Chimie des Systèmes Complexes, Université de Strasbourg 74 Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch France
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, ITI Chimie des Systèmes Complexes, Université de Strasbourg 74 Route du Rhin 67401 Illkirch France
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Sequential IVM by CNP preincubation and cooperating of PGE2 with AREG enhances developmental competence of SCNT reconstructs in goat. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4243. [PMID: 35273320 PMCID: PMC8913792 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental competence of in vitro matured cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) in conventional IVM (C.IVM) is lower than in vivo maturated COCs and is related to unsynchronized nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation. To overcome this dearth, COCs can be exposed to granulosa secreted factors in a two-step system. Therefore, in the first experiment, 1000 nM of C-type natriuretic peptide for 8 h was determined (CAPA), as the best time and concentration to retain oocytes in germinal vesicle stage. This condition, also reduces lipid droplets and increases the expression of ATGL and PLIN2 involved in lipolysis and lipogenesis, respectively. In the second experiment, maturation was stimulated with prostaglandin E2 and amphiregulin for 18 h (CAPA-IVM), and their optimal concentrations based on blastocyst formation rates through in vitro fertilization (IVF) were determined as 1 and 600 nM, respectively. In the third experiment, the in vitro and in vivo developmental competency of SCNT embryos in CAPA-IVM group were determined. Despite similar blastocyst formation rates in IVF and SCNT between CAPA-IVM and C.IVM, the quality of blastocysts were quality was higher in CAPA-IVM, which reflected itself, as higher ICM/TE ratio and also expression of NANOG in SCNT blastocysts. Pregnancy rate, live births rate and SCNT efficiency were not significant between CAPA-IVM and C.IVM groups. Therefore, CAPA-IVM can improve the developmental competency of SCNT derived embryos.
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38
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Pressly JD, Gurumani MZ, Varona Santos JT, Fornoni A, Merscher S, Al-Ali H. Adaptive and maladaptive roles of lipid droplets in health and disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C468-C481. [PMID: 35108119 PMCID: PMC8917915 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00239.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the understanding of lipid droplet biology have revealed essential roles for these organelles in mediating proper cellular homeostasis and stress response. Lipid droplets were initially thought to play a passive role in energy storage. However, recent studies demonstrate that they have substantially broader functions, including protection from reactive oxygen species, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and lipotoxicity. Dysregulation of lipid droplet homeostasis is associated with various pathologies spanning neurological, metabolic, cardiovascular, oncological, and renal diseases. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of lipid droplet biology in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D. Pressly
- 1Katz Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,2Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Margaret Z. Gurumani
- 1Katz Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,2Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Javier T. Varona Santos
- 1Katz Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,2Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- 1Katz Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,2Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Sandra Merscher
- 1Katz Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,2Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Hassan Al-Ali
- 1Katz Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,2Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,3Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,4The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida,5Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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Tong X, Liu S, Stein R, Imai Y. Lipid Droplets' Role in the Regulation of β-Cell Function and β-Cell Demise in Type 2 Diabetes. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6516108. [PMID: 35086144 PMCID: PMC8826878 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
During development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), excessive nutritional load is thought to expose pancreatic islets to toxic effects of lipids and reduce β-cell function and mass. However, lipids also play a positive role in cellular metabolism and function. Thus, proper trafficking of lipids is critical for β cells to maximize the beneficial effects of these molecules while preventing their toxic effects. Lipid droplets (LDs) are organelles that play an important role in the storage and trafficking of lipids. In this review, we summarize the discovery of LDs in pancreatic β cells, LD lifecycle, and the effect of LD catabolism on β-cell insulin secretion. We discuss factors affecting LD formation such as age, cell type, species, and nutrient availability. We then outline published studies targeting critical LD regulators, primarily in rat and human β-cell models, to understand the molecular effect of LD formation and degradation on β-cell function and health. Furthermore, based on the abnormal LD accumulation observed in human T2D islets, we discuss the possible role of LDs during the development of β-cell failure in T2D. Current knowledge indicates that proper formation and clearance of LDs are critical to normal insulin secretion, endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis, and mitochondrial integrity in β cells. However, it remains unclear whether LDs positively or negatively affect human β-cell demise in T2D. Thus, we discuss possible research directions to address the knowledge gap regarding the role of LDs in β-cell failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tong
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Siming Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine Carver College of Medicine, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Roland Stein
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Yumi Imai
- Department of Internal Medicine Carver College of Medicine, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52246, USA
- Correspondence: Yumi Imai, MD, Department of Internal Medicine Carver College of Medicine, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Dr, PBDB Rm 3318, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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40
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Antunes P, Cruz A, Barbosa J, Bonifácio VDB, Pinto SN. Lipid Droplets in Cancer: From Composition and Role to Imaging and Therapeutics. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030991. [PMID: 35164256 PMCID: PMC8840564 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second most common cause of death worldwide, having its origin in the abnormal growth of cells. Available chemotherapeutics still present major drawbacks, usually associated with high toxicity and poor distribution, with only a small fraction of drugs reaching the tumour sites. Thus, it is urgent to develop novel therapeutic strategies. Cancer cells can reprogram their lipid metabolism to sustain uncontrolled proliferation, and, therefore, accumulate a higher amount of lipid droplets (LDs). LDs are cytoplasmic organelles that store neutral lipids and are hypothesized to sequester anti-cancer drugs, leading to reduced efficacy. Thus, the increased biogenesis of LDs in neoplastic conditions makes them suitable targets for anticancer therapy and for the development of new dyes for cancer cells imaging. In recent years, cancer nanotherapeutics offered some exciting possibilities, including improvement tumour detection and eradication. In this review we summarize LDs biogenesis, structure and composition, and highlight their role in cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Antunes
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (P.A.); (A.C.); (J.B.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Adriana Cruz
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (P.A.); (A.C.); (J.B.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José Barbosa
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (P.A.); (A.C.); (J.B.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vasco D. B. Bonifácio
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (P.A.); (A.C.); (J.B.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Bioengineering Department, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (V.D.B.B.); (S.N.P.)
| | - Sandra N. Pinto
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (P.A.); (A.C.); (J.B.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (V.D.B.B.); (S.N.P.)
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41
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Lu Y, Zhou T, Xu C, Wang R, Feng D, Li J, Wang X, Kong Y, Hu G, Kong X, Lu P. Occludin is a target of Src kinase and promotes lipid secretion by binding to BTN1a1 and XOR. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001518. [PMID: 35041644 PMCID: PMC8797263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) have increasingly been recognized as an essential organelle for eukaryotes. Although the biochemistry of lipid synthesis and degradation is well characterized, the regulation of LD dynamics, including its formation, maintenance, and secretion, is poorly understood. Here, we report that mice lacking Occludin (Ocln) show defective lipid metabolism. We show that LDs were larger than normal along its biogenesis and secretion pathway in Ocln null mammary cells. This defect in LD size control did not result from abnormal lipid synthesis or degradation; rather, it was because of secretion failure during the lactation stage. We found that OCLN was located on the LD membrane and was bound to essential regulators of lipid secretion, including BTN1a1 and XOR, in a C-terminus–dependent manner. Finally, OCLN was a phosphorylation target of Src kinase, whose loss causes lactation failure. Together, we demonstrate that Ocln is a downstream target of Src kinase and promotes LD secretion by binding to BTN1a1 and XOR. Lipid droplets are an essential eukaryotic organelle, but how they are secreted has remained unclear. This study shows that the tight junction protein Occludin is a phosphorylation target of Src kinase; Occludin binds to BTN1A1 and XOR to facilitate lipid droplet secretion in mammary epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhe Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chongshen Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Molecular Imaging Core Facility, School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deyi Feng
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiyong Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Kong
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohong Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyin Kong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengfei Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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42
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Foster SP. Reinvestigation of sex pheromone biosynthesis in the moth Trichoplusiani reveals novel quantitative control mechanisms. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 140:103700. [PMID: 34856351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many species of moths have a common control mechanism for synthesizing sex pheromone: the circadian release of pheromone biosynthesis-activation neuropeptide (PBAN) that switches pheromone synthesis on/off during the day. One apparent exception to this is the noctuid moth Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), in which pheromone synthesis appears continuous through the photoperiod, with circadian release of PBAN controlling emission rate of pheromone during calling. Sex pheromone biosynthesis was reinvestigated in T. ni using stable isotope tracer-tracee and gland sampling techniques to ascertain how pheromone quantities in gland cells and on the gland cuticular surface varied and were controlled. It was found that (i) carbohydrate from adult female feeding is used to synthesize sex pheromone, (ii) most of the stored acetate ester pheromone component(s) is contained in gland cells, (iii) a large pool of pheromone is synthesized and stored through the photoperiod with a slow turnover rate, (iv) although pheromone is synthesized throughout the photoperiod, its rate can vary, influenced by release of PBAN and possibly by an unidentified head factor, with both affecting carbohydrate uptake into the acetyl CoA pheromone precursor pool, and (v) as suggested previously, PBAN also influences translocation of pheromone out of the cell to the cuticular surface, possibly by causing breakdown of intracellular lipid droplets storing pheromone molecules. This work suggests that the quantitative synthesis and emission of pheromone in T. ni, and possibly other moths, is regulated by multiple complementary biochemical mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Foster
- Entomology Department, School of Natural Resource Management, North Dakota State University, PO Box 6050, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050, USA.
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43
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Solano-González S, Solano-Campos F. Production of mannosylerythritol lipids: biosynthesis, multi-omics approaches, and commercial exploitation. Mol Omics 2022; 18:699-715. [DOI: 10.1039/d2mo00150k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Compilation of resources regarding MEL biosynthesis, key production parameters; available omics resources and current commercial applications, for smut fungi known to produce MELs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefany Solano-González
- Universidad Nacional, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Bioinformática Aplicada, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Frank Solano-Campos
- Universidad Nacional, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Biotecnología de Plantas, Heredia, Costa Rica
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44
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Tratwal J, Falgayrac G, During A, Bertheaume N, Bataclan C, Tavakol DN, Campos V, Duponchel L, Daley GQ, Penel G, Chauveau C, Naveiras O. Raman microspectroscopy reveals unsaturation heterogeneity at the lipid droplet level and validates an in vitro model of bone marrow adipocyte subtypes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1001210. [PMID: 36506047 PMCID: PMC9727239 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1001210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds) constitute the most abundant stromal component of adult human bone marrow. Two subtypes of BMAds have been described, the more labile regulated adipocytes (rBMAds) and the more stable constitutive adipocytes (cBMAds), which develop earlier in life and are more resilient to environmental and metabolic disruptions. In vivo, rBMAds are enriched in saturated fatty acids, contain smaller lipid droplets (LDs) and more readily provide hematopoietic support than their cBMAd counterparts. Mouse models have been used for BMAds research, but isolation of primary BMAds presents many challenges, and thus in vitro models remain the current standard to study nuances of adipocyte differentiation. No in vitro model has yet been described for the study of rBMAds/cBMAds. Here, we present an in vitro model of BM adipogenesis with differential rBMAd and cBMAd-like characteristics. We used OP9 BM stromal cells derived from a (C57BL/6xC3H)F2-op/op mouse, which have been extensively characterized as feeder layer for hematopoiesis research. We observed similar canonical adipogenesis transcriptional signatures for spontaneously-differentiated (sOP9) and induced (iOP9) cultures, while fatty acid composition and desaturase expression of Scd1 and Fads2 differed at the population level. To resolve differences at the single adipocyte level we tested Raman microspectroscopy and show it constitutes a high-resolution method for studying adipogenesis in vitro in a label-free manner, with resolution to individual LDs. We found sOP9 adipocytes have lower unsaturation ratios, smaller LDs and higher hematopoietic support than iOP9 adipocytes, thus functionally resembling rBMAds, while iOP9 more closely resembled cBMAds. Validation in human primary samples confirmed a higher unsaturation ratio for lipids extracted from stable cBMAd-rich sites (femoral head upon hip-replacement surgery) versus labile rBMAds (iliac crest after chemotherapy). As a result, the 16:1/16:0 fatty acid unsaturation ratio, which was already shown to discriminate BMAd subtypes in rabbit and rat marrow, was validated to discriminate cBMAds from rBMAd in both the OP9 model in vitro system and in human samples. We expect our model will be useful for cBMAd and rBMAd studies, particularly where isolation of primary BMAds is a limiting step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Tratwal
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Falgayrac
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, ULR 4490 - MABLab- Marrow Adiposity Laboratory, Lille, France
| | - Alexandrine During
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, ULR 4490 - MABLab- Marrow Adiposity Laboratory, Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Bertheaume
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, ULR 4490 - MABLab- Marrow Adiposity Laboratory, Lille, France
| | - Charles Bataclan
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel N. Tavakol
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vasco Campos
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ludovic Duponchel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIRe - Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie pour les Intéractions la Réactivité et l’Environnement, Lille, France
| | - George Q. Daley
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Guillaume Penel
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, ULR 4490 - MABLab- Marrow Adiposity Laboratory, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Chauveau
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, ULR 4490 - MABLab- Marrow Adiposity Laboratory, Lille, France
| | - Olaia Naveiras
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Hematology, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Olaia Naveiras,
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Okotrub KA, Okotrub SV, Mokrousova VI, Amstislavsky SY, Surovtsev NV. Lipid phase transitions in cat oocytes supplemented with deuterated fatty acids. Biophys J 2021; 120:5619-5630. [PMID: 34767788 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation of oocytes has already been used to preserve genetic resources, but this technology faces limitations when applied to the species whose oocytes contain large amounts of cytoplasmic lipid droplets. Although cryoinjuries in such oocytes are usually associated with the lipid phase transition in lipid droplets, this phenomenon is still poorly understood. We applied Raman spectroscopy of deuterium-labeled lipids to investigate the freezing of lipid droplets inside cat oocytes. Lipid phase separation was detected in oocytes cryopreserved by slow-freezing protocol. For oocytes supplemented with stearic acid, we found that saturated lipids form the ordered phase being distributed at the periphery of lipid droplets. When an oocyte is warmed to physiological temperatures after cooling, a fraction of saturated lipids may remain in the ordered conformational state. The fractions of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated lipids redistribute to the core of lipid droplets. Monounsaturated lipids undergo the transition to the ordered conformational state below -10°C. Using deuterated fatty acids with a different number of double bonds, we reveal how different lipid fractions are involved in the lipid phase transition of a cytoplasmic lipid droplet and how they can affect cell survival. Raman spectroscopy of deuterated lipids has proven to be a promising tool for studying the lipid phase transitions and lipid redistributions inside single organelles within living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin A Okotrub
- Institute of Automation and Electrometry, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Svetlana V Okotrub
- Institute of Automation and Electrometry, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia; Institute of Cytology and Genetics, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Valentina I Mokrousova
- Institute of Automation and Electrometry, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia; Institute of Cytology and Genetics, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergei Y Amstislavsky
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay V Surovtsev
- Institute of Automation and Electrometry, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Distribution of the non-isoprene components in the four Hevea brasiliensis latex centrifugation fractions. J RUBBER RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42464-021-00133-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Julien JA, Mutchek SG, Wittenberg NJ, Glover KJ. Biophysical characterization of full-length oleosin in dodecylphosphocholine micelles. Proteins 2021; 90:560-565. [PMID: 34596903 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Oleosin is a hydrophobic protein that punctuates the surface of plant seed lipid droplets, which are 20 nm-100 μm entities that serve as reservoirs for high-energy metabolites. Oleosin is purported to stabilize lipid droplets, but its exact mechanism of stabilization has not been established. Probing the structure of oleosin directly in lipid droplets is challenging due to the size of lipid droplets and their high degree of light scattering. Therefore, a medium in which the native structure of oleosin is retained, but is also amenable to spectroscopic studies is needed. Here, we show, using a suite of biophysical techniques, that dodecylphosphocholine micelles appear to support the tertiary structure of the oleosin protein (i.e., hairpin conformation) and render the protein in an oligomeric state that is amenable to more sophisticated biophysical techniques such as NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Julien
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarah G Mutchek
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA
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Montana V, Flint D, Waagepetersen HS, Schousboe A, Parpura V. Two Metabolic Fuels, Glucose and Lactate, Differentially Modulate Exocytotic Glutamate Release from Cultured Astrocytes. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2551-2579. [PMID: 34057673 PMCID: PMC9015689 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03340-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes have a prominent role in metabolic homeostasis of the brain and can signal to adjacent neurons by releasing glutamate via a process of regulated exocytosis. Astrocytes synthesize glutamate de novo owing to the pyruvate entry to the citric/tricarboxylic acid cycle via pyruvate carboxylase, an astrocyte specific enzyme. Pyruvate can be sourced from two metabolic fuels, glucose and lactate. Thus, we investigated the role of these energy/carbon sources in exocytotic glutamate release from astrocytes. Purified astrocyte cultures were acutely incubated (1 h) in glucose and/or lactate-containing media. Astrocytes were mechanically stimulated, a procedure known to increase intracellular Ca2+ levels and cause exocytotic glutamate release, the dynamics of which were monitored using single cell fluorescence microscopy. Our data indicate that glucose, either taken-up from the extracellular space or mobilized from the intracellular glycogen storage, sustained glutamate release, while the availability of lactate significantly reduced the release of glutamate from astrocytes. Based on further pharmacological manipulation during imaging along with tandem mass spectrometry (proteomics) analysis, lactate alone, but not in the hybrid fuel, caused metabolic changes consistent with an increased synthesis of fatty acids. Proteomics analysis further unveiled complex changes in protein profiles, which were condition-dependent and generally included changes in levels of cytoskeletal proteins, proteins of secretory organelle/vesicle traffic and recycling at the plasma membrane in aglycemic, lactate or hybrid-fueled astrocytes. These findings support the notion that the availability of energy sources and metabolic milieu play a significant role in gliotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedrana Montana
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
| | - Daniel Flint
- Luxumbra Strategic Research, LLC, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Helle S Waagepetersen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arne Schousboe
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Parpura
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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Giroud M, Jodeleit H, Prentice KJ, Bartelt A. Adipocyte function and the development of cardiometabolic disease. J Physiol 2021; 600:1189-1208. [PMID: 34555180 DOI: 10.1113/jp281979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a medical disorder caused by multiple mechanisms of dysregulated energy balance. A major consequence of obesity is an increased risk to develop diabetes, diabetic complications and cardiovascular disease. While a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms linking obesity, insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease is needed, translational research of the human pathology is hampered by the available cellular and rodent model systems. Major barriers are the species-specific differences in energy balance, vascular biology and adipose tissue physiology, especially related to white and brown adipocytes, and adipose tissue browning. In rodents, non-shivering thermogenesis is responsible for a large part of energy expenditure, but humans possess much less thermogenic fat, which means temperature is an important variable in translational research. Mouse models with predisposition to dyslipidaemia housed at thermoneutrality and fed a high-fat diet more closely reflect human physiology. Also, adipocytes play a key role in the endocrine regulation of cardiovascular function. Adipocytes secrete a variety of hormones, lipid mediators and other metabolites that directly influence the local microenvironment as well as distant tissues. This is specifically apparent in perivascular depots, where adipocytes modulate vascular function and inflammation. Altogether, these mechanisms highlight the critical role of adipocytes in the development of cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maude Giroud
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Henrika Jodeleit
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Kacey J Prentice
- Department of Molecular Metabolism & Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Bartelt
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Bavaria, Germany.,Department of Molecular Metabolism & Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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50
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Urso C, Zhou H. Palmitic Acid Lipotoxicity in Microglia Cells Is Ameliorated by Unsaturated Fatty Acids. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169093. [PMID: 34445796 PMCID: PMC8396597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic syndrome are associated with cognitive decline and dementia. Palmitic acid (PA) is increased in the cerebrospinal fluid of obese patients with cognitive impairment. This study was therefore designed to examine fatty acid (FA) lipotoxicity in BV2 microglia cells. We found that PA induced time- and dose-dependent decrease in cell viability and increase in cell death without affecting the cell cycle profile and that PA lipotoxicity did not depend on cell surface free fatty acid receptors but rather on FA uptake. Treatment with sulfosuccinimidyl oleate (SSO), an irreversible inhibitor of fatty acid translocase CD36, significantly inhibited FA uptake in BSA- and PA-treated cells and blocked PA-induced decrease in cell viability. Inhibition of ER stress or treatment with N-acetylcysteine was not able to rescue PA lipotoxicity. Our study also showed that unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), such as linoleic acid (LA), oleic acid (OA), α-linolenic acid (ALA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), were not lipotoxic but instead protected microglia against PA-induced decrease in cell viability. Co-treatment of PA with LA, OA, and DHA significantly inhibited FA uptake in PA-treated cells. All UFAs tested induced the incorporation of FAs into and the amount of neutral lipids, while PA did not significantly affect the amount of neutral lipids compared with BSA control.
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