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Korablev AV, Sesorova IS, Sesorov VV, Vavilov PS, Mironov A, Zaitseva AV, Bedyaev EV, Mironov AA. New Interpretations for Sprouting, Intussusception, Ansiform, and Coalescent Types of Angiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8575. [PMID: 39201261 PMCID: PMC11354496 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, or the development of blood vessels by growing from already-formed vessels, is observed in embryonic development, physiological cyclical processes such as wound healing, the encapsulation of foreign bodies, tumor growth, and some other situations. In this review, we analyze the cellular mechanisms of angiogenesis, namely, angiogenesis by sprouting, ansiform (by loop formation) angiogenesis, coalescent angiogenesis, and angiogenesis by intussusception (splitting the capillary into two channels). The analysis of data revealed a lot of unanswered questions and contradictions. Here, we propose several new models of angiogenesis explaining these contradictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Korablev
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Yaroslavl State Medical University, Yaroslavl 150000, Russia
| | - Irina S. Sesorova
- Department of Anatomy and Topographic Anatomy, Ivanovo State Medical University, Ivanovo 153012, Russia; (I.S.S.); (V.V.S.); (P.S.V.); (E.V.B.)
| | - Vitaly V. Sesorov
- Department of Anatomy and Topographic Anatomy, Ivanovo State Medical University, Ivanovo 153012, Russia; (I.S.S.); (V.V.S.); (P.S.V.); (E.V.B.)
| | - Pavel S. Vavilov
- Department of Anatomy and Topographic Anatomy, Ivanovo State Medical University, Ivanovo 153012, Russia; (I.S.S.); (V.V.S.); (P.S.V.); (E.V.B.)
| | - Anna Mironov
- Sacco Hospital, Universita degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Anna V. Zaitseva
- Department of Anatomy, Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg 194100, Russia;
| | - Eugeny V. Bedyaev
- Department of Anatomy and Topographic Anatomy, Ivanovo State Medical University, Ivanovo 153012, Russia; (I.S.S.); (V.V.S.); (P.S.V.); (E.V.B.)
| | - Alexander A. Mironov
- Department of Cell Biology, IFOM ETS—The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello, 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
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Barbayianni I, Kanellopoulou P, Fanidis D, Nastos D, Ntouskou ED, Galaris A, Harokopos V, Hatzis P, Tsitoura E, Homer R, Kaminski N, Antoniou KM, Crestani B, Tzouvelekis A, Aidinis V. SRC and TKS5 mediated podosome formation in fibroblasts promotes extracellular matrix invasion and pulmonary fibrosis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5882. [PMID: 37735172 PMCID: PMC10514346 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41614-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation and accumulation of lung fibroblasts resulting in aberrant deposition of extracellular matrix components, is a pathogenic hallmark of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, a lethal and incurable disease. In this report, increased expression of TKS5, a scaffold protein essential for the formation of podosomes, was detected in the lung tissue of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis patients and bleomycin-treated mice. Τhe profibrotic milieu is found to induce TKS5 expression and the formation of prominent podosome rosettes in lung fibroblasts, that are retained ex vivo, culminating in increased extracellular matrix invasion. Tks5+/- mice are found resistant to bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, largely attributed to diminished podosome formation in fibroblasts and decreased extracellular matrix invasion. As computationally predicted, inhibition of src kinase is shown to potently attenuate podosome formation in lung fibroblasts and extracellular matrix invasion, and bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, suggesting pharmacological targeting of podosomes as a very promising therapeutic option in pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilianna Barbayianni
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Kanellopoulou
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Dionysios Fanidis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Nastos
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftheria-Dimitra Ntouskou
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolos Galaris
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Vaggelis Harokopos
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Pantelis Hatzis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece
| | - Eliza Tsitoura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Robert Homer
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Katerina M Antoniou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Bruno Crestani
- Department of Pulmonology, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Argyrios Tzouvelekis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Vassilis Aidinis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Athens, Greece.
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Delanoë-Ayari H, Hiraiwa T, Marcq P, Rieu JP, Saw TB. 2.5D Traction Force Microscopy: Imaging three-dimensional cell forces at interfaces and biological applications. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 161:106432. [PMID: 37290687 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The forces that cells, tissues, and organisms exert on the surface of a soft substrate can be measured using Traction Force Microscopy (TFM), an important and well-established technique in Mechanobiology. The usual TFM technique (two-dimensional, 2D TFM) treats only the in-plane component of the traction forces and omits the out-of-plane forces at the substrate interfaces (2.5D) that turn out to be important in many biological processes such as tissue migration and tumour invasion. Here, we review the imaging, material, and analytical tools to perform "2.5D TFM" and explain how they are different from 2D TFM. Challenges in 2.5D TFM arise primarily from the need to work with a lower imaging resolution in the z-direction, track fiducial markers in three-dimensions, and reliably and efficiently reconstruct mechanical stress from substrate deformation fields. We also discuss how 2.5D TFM can be used to image, map, and understand the complete force vectors in various important biological events of various length-scales happening at two-dimensional interfaces, including focal adhesions forces, cell diapedesis across tissue monolayers, the formation of three-dimensional tissue structures, and the locomotion of large multicellular organisms. We close with future perspectives including the use of new materials, imaging and machine learning techniques to continuously improve the 2.5D TFM in terms of imaging resolution, speed, and faithfulness of the force reconstruction procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Delanoë-Ayari
- University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Tetsuya Hiraiwa
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Philippe Marcq
- Laboratoire Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogènes, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 7636, ESPCI, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| | - Jean-Paul Rieu
- University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Thuan Beng Saw
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Yadunandanan Nair N, Samuel V, Ramesh L, Marib A, David DT, Sundararaman A. Actin cytoskeleton in angiogenesis. Biol Open 2022; 11:bio058899. [PMID: 36444960 PMCID: PMC9729668 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Actin, one of the most abundant intracellular proteins in mammalian cells, is a critical regulator of cell shape and polarity, migration, cell division, and transcriptional response. Angiogenesis, or the formation of new blood vessels in the body is a well-coordinated multi-step process. Endothelial cells lining the blood vessels acquire several new properties such as front-rear polarity, invasiveness, rapid proliferation and motility during angiogenesis. This is achieved by changes in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Actin remodelling underlies the switch between the quiescent and angiogenic state of the endothelium. Actin forms endothelium-specific structures that support uniquely endothelial functions. Actin regulators at endothelial cell-cell junctions maintain the integrity of the blood-tissue barrier while permitting trans-endothelial leukocyte migration. This review focuses on endothelial actin structures and less-recognised actin-mediated endothelial functions. Readers are referred to other recent reviews for the well-recognised roles of actin in endothelial motility, barrier functions and leukocyte transmigration. Actin generates forces that are transmitted to the extracellular matrix resulting in vascular matrix remodelling. In this review, we attempt to synthesize our current understanding of the roles of actin in vascular morphogenesis. We speculate on the vascular bed specific differences in endothelial actin regulation and its role in the vast heterogeneity in endothelial morphology and function across the various tissues of our body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Yadunandanan Nair
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India695014
| | - Victor Samuel
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India695014
| | - Lariza Ramesh
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India695014
| | - Areeba Marib
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India695014
| | - Deena T. David
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India695014
| | - Ananthalakshmy Sundararaman
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India695014
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Endothelial Cell Metabolism in Vascular Functions. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081929. [PMID: 35454836 PMCID: PMC9031281 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Recent findings in the field of vascular biology are nourishing the idea that targeting the endothelial cell metabolism may be an alternative strategy to antiangiogenic therapy, as well as a novel therapeutic approach for cardiovascular disease. Deepening the molecular mechanisms regulating how ECs re-adapt their metabolic status in response to the changeable conditions of the tissue microenvironment may be beneficial to develop novel innovative treatments to counteract the aberrant growth of vasculature. Abstract The endothelium is the innermost layer of all blood and lymphatic vessels composed of a monolayer of specialized endothelial cells (ECs). It is regarded as a dynamic and multifunctional endocrine organ that takes part in essential processes, such as the control of blood fluidity, the modulation of vascular tone, the regulation of immune response and leukocyte trafficking into perivascular tissues, and angiogenesis. The inability of ECs to perform their normal biological functions, known as endothelial dysfunction, is multi-factorial; for instance, it implicates the failure of ECs to support the normal antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory status, resulting in the onset of unfavorable cardiovascular conditions such as atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, hypertension, heart problems, and other vascular pathologies. Notably, it is emerging that the ability of ECs to adapt their metabolic status to persistent changes of the tissue microenvironment could be vital for the maintenance of vascular functions and to prevent adverse vascular events. The main purpose of the present article is to shed light on the unique metabolic plasticity of ECs as a prospective therapeutic target; this may lead to the development of novel strategies for cardiovascular diseases and cancer.
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Indoxyl sulfate- and P-cresol-induced monocyte adhesion and migration is mediated by integrin-linked kinase-dependent podosome formation. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:226-238. [PMID: 35246616 PMCID: PMC8980039 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00738-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is an important cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Protein-bound uremic toxins, such as p-cresyl and indoxyl sulfate (IS), are poorly removed during hemodialysis, leading to vascular endothelial dysfunction and leukocyte extravasation. These processes can be related to dynamic adhesion structures called podosomes. Several studies have indicated the role of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) in the accumulation of integrin-associated proteins in podosomes. Here, we investigated the involvement of ILK and podosome formation in the adhesion and extravasation of monocytes under p-cresol (pc) and IS exposure. Incubation of THP-1 human monocyte cells with these toxins upregulated ILK kinase activity. Together, both toxins increased cell adhesion, podosome formation, extracellular matrix degradation, and migration of THP-1 cells, whereas ILK depletion with specific small interfering RNAs suppressed these processes. Interestingly, F-actin colocalized with cortactin in podosome cores, while ILK was colocalized in podosome rings under toxin stimulation. Podosome Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP)-interacting protein (WIP) and AKT protein depletion demonstrated that monocyte adhesion depends on podosome formation and that the ILK/AKT signaling pathway is involved in these processes. Ex vivo experiments showed that both toxins induced adhesion and podosome formation in leukocytes from wild-type mice, whereas these effects were not observed in leukocytes of conditional ILK-knockdown animals. In summary, under pc and IS stimulation, monocytes increase podosome formation and transmigratory capacity through an ILK/AKT signaling pathway-dependent mechanism, which could lead to vascular injury. Therefore, ILK could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of vascular damage associated with CKD. An enzyme involved in organizing structural proteins into protrusions of the cell membrane helps facilitate the movement of white blood cells that occurs in chronic kidney disease and can lead to cardiovascular damage. Laura Calleros from the University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain, and colleagues showed how toxic metabolites that build up in the bloodstream as kidneys fail induce the activity of an enzyme called integrin-linked kinase (ILK). This enzyme in turn spurs white blood cells to form protrusions called podosomes that make the cells more mobile, enabling them to move out of blood vessels and into surrounding tissues where they can cause inflammation -mediated injury. ILK inactivation reversed these effects. Therapies that target the enzyme could therefore help limit the cardiovascular complications of chronic kidney disease.
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Mishra YG, Manavathi B. Focal adhesion dynamics in cellular function and disease. Cell Signal 2021; 85:110046. [PMID: 34004332 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acting as a bridge between the cytoskeleton of the cell and the extra cellular matrix (ECM), the cell-ECM adhesions with integrins at their core, play a major role in cell signalling to direct mechanotransduction, cell migration, cell cycle progression, proliferation, differentiation, growth and repair. Biochemically, these adhesions are composed of diverse, yet an organised group of structural proteins, receptors, adaptors, various enzymes including protein kinases, phosphatases, GTPases, proteases, etc. as well as scaffolding molecules. The major integrin adhesion complexes (IACs) characterised are focal adhesions (FAs), invadosomes (podosomes and invadopodia), hemidesmosomes (HDs) and reticular adhesions (RAs). The varied composition and regulation of the IACs and their signalling, apart from being an integral part of normal cell survival, has been shown to be of paramount importance in various developmental and pathological processes. This review per-illustrates the recent advancements in the research of IACs, their crucial roles in normal as well as diseased states. We have also touched on few of the various methods that have been developed over the years to visualise IACs, measure the forces they exert and study their signalling and molecular composition. Having such pertinent roles in the context of various pathologies, these IACs need to be understood and studied to develop therapeutical targets. We have given an update to the studies done in recent years and described various techniques which have been applied to study these structures, thereby, providing context in furthering research with respect to IAC targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaswi Gayatri Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Bramanandam Manavathi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
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Abstract
Macrophages are one of the major targets of Human Immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) and play crucial roles in viral dissemination and persistence during AIDS progression. Here, we reveal the dynamic podosome-mediated entry of HIV-1 into macrophages. Inhibition of podosomes prevented HIV-1 entry into macrophages, while stimulation of podosome formation promoted viral entry. Single-virus tracking revealed the temporal and spatial mechanism of the dynamic podosome-mediated viral entry process. The core and ring structures of podosomes played complex roles in viral entry. The HIV coreceptor, CCR5, was recruited to form specific clusters at the podosome ring, where it participated in viral entry. The podosome facilitated HIV-1 entry with a rotation mode triggered by dynamic actin. Our discovery of this novel HIV-1 entry route into macrophages, mediated by podosomes critical for cell migration and tissue infiltration, provides a new view of HIV infection and pathogenesis, which may assist in the development of new antiviral strategies.IMPORTANCEMacrophages are motile leukocytes and play critical roles in HIV-1 infection and AIDS progression. Podosomes, as small dynamic adhesion microdomains driven by the dynamic actin cytoskeleton, are mainly involved in cell migration of macrophages. Herein, we found that HIV-1 uses dynamic podosomes to facilitate its entry into macrophages. Single-virus imaging coupled with drug assays revealed the mechanism underlying the podosome-mediated route of HIV-1 entry into macrophages, including the dynamic relationship between the viral particles and the podosome core and ring structures, the CCR5 coreceptor. The dynamic podosome-mediated entry of HIV-1 into macrophages will be very significant for HIV-1 pathogenesis, especially for viral dissemination via macrophage migration and tissue infiltration. Thus, we report a novel HIV-1 entry route into macrophages mediated by podosomes, which extends our understanding of HIV infection and pathogenesis.
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Abstract
One of the strategies used by cells to degrade and remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM) is based on invadosomes, actin-based force-producing cell–ECM contacts that function in adhesion and migration and are characterized by their capacity to mediate pericellular proteolysis of ECM components. Invadosomes found in normal cells are called podosomes, whereas invadosomes of invading cancer cells are named invadopodia. Despite their broad involvement in cell migration and in protease-dependent ECM remodeling and their detection in living organisms and in fresh tumor tissue specimens, the specific composition and dynamic behavior of podosomes and invadopodia and their functional relevance in vivo remain poorly understood. Here, we discuss recent findings that underline commonalities and peculiarities of podosome and invadopodia in terms of organization and function and propose an updated definition of these cellular protrusions, which are increasingly relevant in patho-physiological tissue remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Cambi
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Pecoraro AR, Hosfield BD, Li H, Shelley WC, Markel TA. Angiogenesis: A Cellular Response to Traumatic Injury. Shock 2021; 55:301-310. [PMID: 32826807 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The development of new vasculature plays a significant role in a number of chronic disease states, including neoplasm growth, peripheral arterial disease, and coronary artery disease, among many others. Traumatic injury and hemorrhage, however, is an immediate, often dramatic pathophysiologic insult that can also necessitate neovascularization to promote healing. Traditional understanding of angiogenesis involved resident endothelial cells branching outward from localized niches in the periphery. Additionally, there are a small number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells that participate directly in the process of neovessel formation. The bone marrow stores a relatively small number of so-called pro-angiogenic hematopoietic progenitor cells-that is, progenitor cells of a hematopoietic potential that differentiate into key structural cells and stimulate or otherwise support local cell growth/differentiation at the site of angiogenesis. Following injury, a number of cytokines and intercellular processes are activated or modulated to promote development of new vasculature. These processes initiate and maintain a robust response to vascular insult, allowing new vessels to canalize and anastomose and provide timely oxygen delivering to healing tissue. Ultimately as we better understand the key players in the process of angiogenesis we can look to develop novel techniques to promote healing following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Pecoraro
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The discovery of podosomes in endothelial cells during the process of angiogenesis in vivo opens a new era in vascular biology. Podosomes are actin-based microdomains located at the plasma membrane that have been extensively described but in vitro and in other cells. This review focuses on podosomes in endothelial cells and aims to rise hypotheses about when and how these structures mediate cell--microenvironment interactions. RECENT FINDINGS A wealth of new information regarding podosome organization and functioning has been collected in simple 2D models. Characterization of their modular architecture has unravelled their mechanics. However, context matters and podosome characteristics and functioning are shaped by the microenvironment. Although matrix degradation was seen as the typical function of podosomes, mechanosensing now appears equally prominent and involved in setting of the proteolytic machinery. Endothelial podosomes breach the basement membrane, and are thus, involved in vascular remodelling. SUMMARY In endothelial cells, podosomes are involved in breaking up the basement membrane, giving the cells the opportunity to invade adjacent tissues and to engage in new cell--cell interactions. Such functions are particularly relevant to vascular biology and the exploration of podosomes in in vivo settings should bring clues to many unanswered questions.
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Qi R, Mao X, Jin F. Expression of lipoma preferred partner in mammary and extramammary Paget disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e23443. [PMID: 33371071 PMCID: PMC7748372 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGOUND This study aims to identify the expression of lipoma preferred partner (LPP) in Paget disease (PD) and to further understand the pathogenesis of PD. METHODS Tissue microarray was used to evaluate the expression of LPP by immunohistochemistry in 40 PD patients. The results of LPP expression were combined with clinical and histopathological characteristics. Patient files were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS Twenty-one cases were mammary Paget disease (MPD) and 19 extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) involving the vulva, scrotum, and penis. LPP was expressed in PD and this expression was significantly greater in MPD versus EMPD (P = .031). The expression of LPP in MPD was significantly related with age (P = .009) and expression of Ki-67 (P = .011). No statistically significant differences were observed in LPP expression as related to sex, body location, and time of PD diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS While LPP is expressed in both MPD and EMPD, the intensity of this expression is greater in MPD. LPP expression is positively correlated with Ki-67 and is more prevalent in middle-aged versus senior MPD patients. Further research is needed to determine its potential role in tumorigenesis and distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University
| | - Yangbin Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Ruiqun Qi
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Mao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University
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Michopoulou A, Montmasson M, Garnier C, Lambert E, Dayan G, Rousselle P. A novel mechanism in wound healing: Laminin 332 drives MMP9/14 activity by recruiting syndecan-1 and CD44. Matrix Biol 2020; 94:1-17. [PMID: 32621878 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Re-epithelialization describes the resurfacing of a skin wound with new epithelium. In response to various stimuli including that of growth factors, cytokines and extracellular matrix (ECM), wound edge epidermal keratinocytes undergo cytoskeleton rearrangements compatible with their motile behavior and develop protrusive adhesion contacts. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) expression is crucial for proper cell movement and ECM remodeling; however, their deposition mechanism is unknown in keratinocytes. Here, we show that similar to cytokine IL-1ß, the precursor laminin 332 pro-migratory fragment G45 induces expression of the MMP-9 pro-enzyme, which together with MMP-14, further exerts its proteolytic activity within epithelial podosomes. This event strictly depends on the expression of the proteoglycan receptor syndecan-1 that was found in a ring surrounding the podosome core, co-localised with CD44. Our findings uncover that by directly recruiting both syndecan-1 and CD44, the laminin-332 G45 domain plays a major role in regulating mechanisms underlying keratinocyte / ECM remodeling during wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Michopoulou
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5305; CNRS; Univ. Lyon 1; SFR BioSciences Gerland-Lyon Sud, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367, Lyon, France
| | - Marine Montmasson
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5305; CNRS; Univ. Lyon 1; SFR BioSciences Gerland-Lyon Sud, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367, Lyon, France
| | - Cécile Garnier
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5305; CNRS; Univ. Lyon 1; SFR BioSciences Gerland-Lyon Sud, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367, Lyon, France
| | - Elise Lambert
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5305; CNRS; Univ. Lyon 1; SFR BioSciences Gerland-Lyon Sud, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367, Lyon, France
| | - Guila Dayan
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5305; CNRS; Univ. Lyon 1; SFR BioSciences Gerland-Lyon Sud, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367, Lyon, France
| | - Patricia Rousselle
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines, UMR 5305; CNRS; Univ. Lyon 1; SFR BioSciences Gerland-Lyon Sud, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367, Lyon, France.
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Mejia I, Bodapati S, Chen KT, Díaz B. Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Invasiveness and the Tumor Microenvironment: From Biology to Clinical Trials. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E401. [PMID: 33050151 PMCID: PMC7601142 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8100401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) originates in the glandular compartment of the exocrine pancreas. Histologically, PDAC tumors are characterized by a parenchyma that is embedded in a particularly prominent stromal component or desmoplastic stroma. The unique characteristics of the desmoplastic stroma shape the microenvironment of PDAC and modulate the reciprocal interactions between cancer and stromal cells in ways that have profound effects in the pathophysiology and treatment of this disease. Here, we review some of the most recent findings regarding the regulation of PDAC cell invasion by the unique microenvironment of this tumor, and how new knowledge is being translated into novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Mejia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Hematology Oncology, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA;
| | - Sandhya Bodapati
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pacific Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
| | - Kathryn T. Chen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA;
| | - Begoña Díaz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Hematology Oncology, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA;
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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15
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Alonso F, Spuul P, Decossas M, Egaña I, Curado F, Fremaux I, Daubon T, Génot E. Regulation of podosome formation in aortic endothelial cells vessels by physiological extracellular cues. Eur J Cell Biol 2020; 99:151084. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2020.151084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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16
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Kazmi N, Elliott HR, Burrows K, Tillin T, Hughes AD, Chaturvedi N, Gaunt TR, Relton CL. Associations between high blood pressure and DNA methylation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227728. [PMID: 31999706 PMCID: PMC6991984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High blood pressure is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Epigenetic processes including DNA methylation potentially mediate the relationship between genetic factors, the environment and cardiovascular disease. Despite an increased risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease in individuals of South Asians compared to Europeans, it is not clear whether associations between blood pressure and DNA methylation differ between these groups. Methods We performed an epigenome-wide association study and differentially methylated region (DMR) analysis to identify DNA methylation sites and regions that were associated with systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and hypertension. We analyzed samples from 364 European and 348 South Asian men (first generation migrants to the UK) from the Southall And Brent REvisited cohort, measuring DNA methylation from blood using the Illumina Infinium® HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. Results One CpG site was found to be associated with DBP in trans-ancestry analyses (i.e. both ethnic groups combined), while in Europeans alone seven CpG sites were associated with DBP. No associations were identified between DNA methylation and either SBP or hypertension. Comparison of effect sizes between South Asian and European EWAS for DBP, SBP and hypertension revealed little concordance between analyses. DMR analysis identified several regions with known relationships with CVD and its risk factors. Conclusion This study identified differentially methylated sites and regions associated with blood pressure and revealed ethnic differences in these associations. These findings may point to molecular pathways which may explain the elevated cardiovascular disease risk experienced by those of South Asian ancestry when compared to Europeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Kazmi
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Hannah R. Elliott
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kim Burrows
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Therese Tillin
- Department of Population Science & Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alun D. Hughes
- Department of Population Science & Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Lifelong Health & Aging Unit at UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nish Chaturvedi
- Department of Population Science & Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Lifelong Health & Aging Unit at UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tom R. Gaunt
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline L. Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, United Kingdom
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17
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Chaki SP, Barhoumi R, Rivera GM. Nck adapter proteins promote podosome biogenesis facilitating extracellular matrix degradation and cancer invasion. Cancer Med 2019; 8:7385-7398. [PMID: 31638742 PMCID: PMC6885876 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Podosomes are membrane‐bound adhesive structures formed by actin remodeling. They are capable of extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, which is a prerequisite for cancer cell invasion and metastasis. The signaling mechanism of podosome formation is still unknown in cancer. We previously reported that Nck adaptors regulate directional cell migration and endothelial lumen formation by actin remodeling, while deficiency of Nck reduces cancer metastasis. This study evaluated the role of Nck adaptors in podosome biogenesis and cancer invasion. Methods This study was conducted in vitro using both healthy cells (Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell, 3T3 fibroblasts) and cancer cells (prostate cancer cell line; PC3, breast cancer cell line; MDA‐MB‐231). Confocal and TIRF imaging of cells expressing Green Fluorescence Protein (GFP) mutant under altered levels of Nck or downstream of kinase 1 (Dok1) was used to evaluate the podosome formation and fluorescent gelatin matrix degradation. Levels of Nck in human breast carcinoma tissue sections were detected by immune histochemistry using Nck polyclonal antibody. Biochemical interaction of Nck/Dok1 was detected in podosome forming cells using immune precipitation and far‐western blotting. Results This study demonstrates that ectopic expression of Nck1 and Nck2 can induce the endothelial podosome formation in vitro. Nck silencing by short‐hairpin RNA blocked podosome biogenesis and ECM degradation in cSrc‐Y530F transformed endothelial cells in this study. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the Nck overexpression in human breast carcinoma tissue sections. Immunoprecipitation and far‐western blotting revealed the biochemical interaction of Nck/p62Dok in podosome forming cells. Conclusions Nck adaptors in interaction with Dok1 induce podosome biogenesis and ECM degradation facilitating cancer cell invasion, and therefore a bona fide target of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar P Chaki
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Rola Barhoumi
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Gonzalo M Rivera
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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18
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Mehes E, Barath M, Gulyas M, Bugyik E, Geiszt M, Szoor A, Lanyi A, Czirok A. Enhanced endothelial motility and multicellular sprouting is mediated by the scaffold protein TKS4. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14363. [PMID: 31591456 PMCID: PMC6779758 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50915-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell motility has fundamental role in vasculogenesis and angiogenesis during developmental or pathological processes. Tks4 is a scaffold protein known to organize the cytoskeleton of lamellipodia and podosomes, and thus modulating cell motility and invasion. In particular, Tks4 is required for the localization and activity of membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase, a key factor for extracellular matrix (ECM) cleavage during cell migration. While its role in transformed cells is well established, little is known about the function of Tks4 under physiological conditions. In this study we examined the impact of Tks4 gene silencing on the functional activity of primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and used time-lapse videomicrosopy and quantitative image analysis to characterize cell motility phenotypes in culture. We demonstrate that the absence of Tks4 in endothelial cells leads to impaired ECM cleavage and decreased motility within a 3-dimensional ECM environment. Furthermore, absence of Tks4 also decreases the ability of HUVEC cells to form multicellular sprouts, a key requirement for angiogenesis. To establish the involvement of Tks4 in vascular development in vivo, we show that loss of Tks4 leads sparser vasculature in the fetal chorion in the Tks4-deficient ‘nee’ mouse strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elod Mehes
- Department of Biological Physics, Eotvos University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Monika Barath
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marton Gulyas
- Department of Biological Physics, Eotvos University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edina Bugyik
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklos Geiszt
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Arpad Szoor
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Arpad Lanyi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andras Czirok
- Department of Biological Physics, Eotvos University, Budapest, Hungary. .,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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19
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Gulvady AC, Forsythe IJ, Turner CE. Hic-5 regulates Src-induced invadopodia rosette formation and organization. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:1298-1313. [PMID: 30893012 PMCID: PMC6724605 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-10-0629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts transformed by the proto-oncogene Src form individual invadopodia that can spontaneously self-organize into large matrix-degrading superstructures called rosettes. However, the mechanisms by which the invadopodia can spatiotemporally reorganize their architecture is not well understood. Here, we show that Hic-5, a close relative of the scaffold protein paxillin, is essential for the formation and organization of rosettes in active Src-transfected NIH3T3 fibroblasts and cancer-associated fibroblasts. Live cell imaging, combined with domain-mapping analysis of Hic-5, identified critical motifs as well as phosphorylation sites that are required for the formation and dynamics of rosettes. Using pharmacological inhibition and mutant expression, we show that FAK kinase activity, along with its proximity to and potential interaction with the LD2,3 motifs of Hic-5, is necessary for rosette formation. Invadopodia dynamics and their coalescence into rosettes were also dependent on Rac1, formin, and myosin II activity. Superresolution microscopy revealed the presence of formin FHOD1 and INF2-mediated unbranched radial F-actin fibers emanating from invadopodia and rosettes, which may facilitate rosette formation. Collectively, our data highlight a novel role for Hic-5 in orchestrating the organization of invadopodia into higher-order rosettes, which may promote the localized matrix degradation necessary for tumor cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushree C Gulvady
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Ian J Forsythe
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - Christopher E Turner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
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20
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Kryczka J, Papiewska-Pajak I, Kowalska MA, Boncela J. Cathepsin B Is Upregulated and Mediates ECM Degradation in Colon Adenocarcinoma HT29 Cells Overexpressing Snail. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030203. [PMID: 30818851 PMCID: PMC6468499 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During tumor development and ongoing metastasis the acquisition of mesenchymal cell traits by epithelial carcinoma cells is achieved through a programmed phenotypic shift called the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, EMT. EMT contributes to increased cancer cell motility and invasiveness mainly through invadosomes, the adhesion structures that accompany the mesenchymal migration. The invadosomes and their associated proteases restrict protease activity to areas of the cell in direct contact with the ECM, thus precisely controlling cell invasion. Our data prove that Snail-overexpressing HT-29 cells that imitate the phenotype of colon cancer cells in the early stage of the EMT showed an increase in the expression and pericellular activity of cathepsin B. It appears that the pericellular localization of cathepsin B, also observed in colon and rectum adenocarcinoma tissue samples, plays a key role in its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Kryczka
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, Poland.
| | | | - M Anna Kowalska
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Joanna Boncela
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, Poland.
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21
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Chi PY, Spuul P, Tseng FG, Genot E, Chou CF, Taloni A. Cell Migration in Microfluidic Devices: Invadosomes Formation in Confined Environments. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1146:79-103. [PMID: 31612455 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-17593-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The last 20 years have seen the blooming of microfluidics technologies applied to biological sciences. Microfluidics provides effective tools for biological analysis, allowing the experimentalists to extend their playground to single cells and single molecules, with high throughput and resolution which were inconceivable few decades ago. In particular, microfluidic devices are profoundly changing the conventional way of studying the cell motility and cell migratory dynamics. In this chapter we will furnish a comprehensive view of the advancements made in the research domain of confinement-induced cell migration, thanks to the use of microfluidic devices. The chapter is subdivided in three parts. Each section will be addressing one of the fundamental questions that the microfluidic technology is contributing to unravel: (i) where cell migration takes place, (ii) why cells migrate and, (iii) how the cells migrate. The first introductory part is devoted to a thumbnail, and partially historical, description of microfluidics and its impact in biological sciences. Stress will be put on two aspects of the devices fabrication process, which are crucial for biological applications: materials used and coating methods. The second paragraph concerns the cell migration induced by environmental cues: chemical, leading to chemotaxis, mechanical, at the basis of mechanotaxis, and electrical, which induces electrotaxis. Each of them will be addressed separately, highlighting the fundamental role of microfluidics in providing the well-controlled experimental conditions where cell migration can be induced, investigated and ultimately understood. The third part of the chapter is entirely dedicated to how the cells move in confined environments. Invadosomes (the joint name for podosomes and invadopodia) are cell protrusion that contribute actively to cell migration or invasion. The formation of invadosomes under confinement is a research topic that only recently has caught the attention of the scientific community: microfluidic design is helping shaping the future direction of this emerging field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yin Chi
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Nano Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pirjo Spuul
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Division of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Fan-Gang Tseng
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Elisabeth Genot
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux (INSERM U1045), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Chia-Fu Chou
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Genomics Research Center and Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Alessandro Taloni
- Institute for Complex Systems, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma, Italy.
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22
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LIU XB, LO CM, CHENG Q, NG KTP, SHAO Y, LI CX, CHUNG SK, NG IOL, YU J, MAN K. Oval Cells Contribute to Fibrogenesis of Marginal Liver Grafts under Stepwise Regulation of Aldose Reductase and Notch Signaling. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:4879-4893. [PMID: 29187911 PMCID: PMC5706107 DOI: 10.7150/thno.20085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Expanded donor criteria poses increased risk for late phase complications such as fibrosis that lead to graft dysfunction in liver transplantation. There remains a need to elucidate the precise mechanisms of post-transplant liver damage in order to improve the long-term outcomes of marginal liver grafts. In this study, we aimed to examine the role of oval cells in fibrogenic development of marginal liver grafts and explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Using an orthotopic rat liver transplantation model and human post-transplant liver biopsy tissues, the dynamics of oval cells in marginal liver grafts was evaluated by the platform integrating immuno-labeling techniques and ultrastructure examination. Underlying mechanisms were further explored in oval cells and an Aldose reductase (AR) knockout mouse model simulating marginal graft injury. Results: We demonstrated that activation of aldose reductase initiated oval cell proliferation in small-for-size fatty grafts during ductular reaction at the early phase after transplantation. These proliferative oval cells subsequently showed prevailing biliary differentiation and exhibited features of mesenchymal transition including dynamically co-expressing epithelial and mesenchymal markers, developing microstructures for extra-cellular matrix degradation (podosomes) or cell migration (filopodia and blebs), and acquiring the capacity in collagen production. Mechanistic studies further indicated that transition of oval cell-derived biliary cells toward mesenchymal phenotype ensued fibrogenesis in marginal grafts under the regulation of notch signaling pathway. Conclusions: Oval cell activation and their subsequent lineage commitment contribute to post-transplant fibrogenesis of small-for-size fatty liver grafts. Interventions targeting oval cell dynamics may serve as potential strategies to refine current clinical management.
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23
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Paterson EK, Courtneidge SA. Invadosomes are coming: new insights into function and disease relevance. FEBS J 2017; 285:8-27. [PMID: 28548369 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Invadopodia and podosomes are discrete, actin-based molecular protrusions that form in cancer cells and normal cells, respectively, in response to diverse signaling pathways and extracellular matrix cues. Although they participate in a host of different cellular processes, they share a common functional theme of controlling pericellular proteolytic activity, which sets them apart from other structures that function in migration and adhesion, including focal adhesions, lamellipodia, and filopodia. In this review, we highlight research that explores the function of these complex structures, including roles for podosomes in embryonic and postnatal development, in angiogenesis and remodeling of the vasculature, in maturation of the postsynaptic membrane, in antigen sampling and recognition, and in cell-cell fusion mechanisms, as well as the involvement of invadopodia at multiple steps of the metastatic cascade, and how all of this may apply in the treatment of human disease states. Finally, we explore recent research that implicates a novel role for exosomes and microvesicles in invadopodia-dependent and invadopodia-independent mechanisms of invasion, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse K Paterson
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sara A Courtneidge
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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24
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Abstract
Proteases target many substrates, triggering changes in distinct biological processes correlated with cell migration, EMT/EndMT and fibrosis. Extracellular protease activity, demonstrated by secreted and membrane-bound protease forms, leads to ECM degradation, activation of other proteases (i.e., proteolysis of nonactive zymogens), decomposition of cell-cell junctions, release of sequestered growth factors (TGF-β and VEGF), activation of signal proteins and receptors, degradation of inflammatory inhibitors or inflammation-related proteins, and changes in cell mechanosensing and motility. Intracellular proteases, mainly caspases and cathepsins, modulate lysosome activity and signal transduction pathways. Herein, we discuss the current knowledge on the multidimensional impact of proteases on the development of fibrosis.
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25
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LPS, Oleuropein and Blueberry extracts affect the survival, morphology and Phosphoinositide signalling in stimulated human endothelial cells. J Cell Commun Signal 2017; 11:317-327. [PMID: 28452007 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-017-0391-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (EC) act as leading actors in angiogenesis. Understanding the complex network of signal transduction pathways which regulate angiogenesis might offer insights in the regulation of normal and pathological events, including tumours, vascular, inflammatory and immune diseases. The effects of olive oil and of Blueberry extracts upon the phosphoinositide (PI)-specific phospholipase C (PLC) enzymes were evaluated both in quiescent and inflammatory stimulated human umbilical vein EC (HUVEC) using molecular biology (multiliquid bioanalysis) and immunofluorescence techniques. Oleuropein significantly increased the number of surviving HUVEC compared to untreated controls, suggesting that it favours the survival and proliferation of EC. Our results suggest that Oleuropein might be useful to induce EC proliferation, an important event during angiogenesis, with special regard to wound healing. Blueberry extracts increased the number of surviving HUVEC, although the comparison to untreated controls did not result statistically significant. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration significantly reduced the number of live HUVEC. LPS can also modify the expression of selected PLC genes. Adding Blueberry extracts to LPS treated HUVEC cultures did not significantly modify the variations of PLC expression induced by LPS. Oleuropein increased or reduced the expression of PLC genes, and statistically significant results were identified for selected PLC isoforms. Oleuropein also modified the effects of LPS upon PLC genes' expression. Thus, our results corroborate the hypothesis that Oleuropein owns anti-inflammatory activity. The intracellular localization of PLC enzymes was modified by the different treatments we used. Podosome-like structures were observed in differently LPS treated HUVEC.
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26
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Kryczka J, Przygodzka P, Bogusz H, Boncela J. HMEC-1 adopt the mixed amoeboid-mesenchymal migration type during EndMT. Eur J Cell Biol 2017; 96:289-300. [PMID: 28487031 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of endothelial cells to scar and fibrotic tissue formation is undisputedly connected to their ability to undergo the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) towards fibroblast phenotype-resembling cells. The migration model of fibroblasts and fibroblast-resembling cells is still not fully understood. It may be either a Rho/ROCK-independent, an integrin- and MMP-correlated ECM degradation-dependent, a mesenchymal model or Rho/ROCK-dependent, integrin adhesion- and MMP activity-independent, an amoeboid model. Here, we hypothesized that microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) undergoing EndMT adopt an intermediate state of drifting migration model between the mesenchymal and amoeboid protrusive types in the early stages of fibrosis. We characterized the response of HMEC-1 to TGF-β2, a well-known mediator of EndMT within the microvasculature. We observed that TGF-β2 induces up to an intermediate mesenchymal phenotype in HMEC-1. In parallel, MMP-2 is upregulated and is responsible for most proteolytic activity. Interestingly, the migration of HMEC-1 undergoing EndMT is dependent on both ECM degradation and invadosome formation associated with MMP-2 proteolytic activity and Rho/ROCK cytoskeleton contraction. In conclusion, the transition from mesenchymal towards amoeboid movement highlights a molecular plasticity mechanism in endothelial cell migration in skin fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Kryczka
- Institute of Medical Biology, PAS, 106 Lodowa Street, 93232 Lodz, Poland.
| | | | - Helena Bogusz
- Institute of Medical Biology, PAS, 106 Lodowa Street, 93232 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Joanna Boncela
- Institute of Medical Biology, PAS, 106 Lodowa Street, 93232 Lodz, Poland.
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27
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LPP is a Src substrate required for invadopodia formation and efficient breast cancer lung metastasis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15059. [PMID: 28436416 PMCID: PMC5413977 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that lipoma preferred partner (LPP) mediates TGFβ-induced breast cancer cell migration and invasion. Herein, we demonstrate that diminished LPP expression reduces circulating tumour cell numbers, impairs cancer cell extravasation and diminishes lung metastasis. LPP localizes to invadopodia, along with Tks5/actin, at sites of matrix degradation and at the tips of extravasating breast cancer cells as revealed by intravital imaging of the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). Invadopodia formation, breast cancer cell extravasation and metastasis require an intact LPP LIM domain and the ability of LPP to interact with α-actinin. Finally, we show that Src-mediated LPP phosphorylation at specific tyrosine residues (Y245/301/302) is critical for invadopodia formation, breast cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Together, these data define a previously unknown function for LPP in the formation of invadopodia and reveal a requirement for LPP in mediating the metastatic ability of breast cancer cells.
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28
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Zhu B, Qi L, Liu S, Liu W, Ou Z, Chen M, Liu L, Zu X, Wang J, Li Y. CLASP2 is involved in the EMT and early progression after transurethral resection of the bladder tumor. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:105. [PMID: 28166762 PMCID: PMC5294712 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3101-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cytoplasmic linker-associated protein 2 (CLASP2) belongs to a family of microtubule plus-end tracking proteins that localizes to the distal ends of microtubules and regulate microtubule dynamics. We speculated that it might be involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and progression of bladder cancer (BC). Methods Western blotting and RT-PCR were used to detect the changes at protein and mRNA levels in BC cell lines. Cell proliferation, clonogenic formation, wound healing and chamber invasion assay were used to investigate the abilities of cellular proliferation, migration and invasion. The data of BC patients treated with transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT) was collected and analyzed. The levels of mRNA of CLASP2 and EMT-related markers in tumor and urine samples were tested by RT-PCR. Results Expressions of CLASP2 varied in four BC cell lines. Manipulation of CLASP2 expression changed EMT-related markers. CLASP2 could promote proliferation, migration and invasion in BC cell lines. The combination (CLASP2 + E-cadherin mRNA in urine) could better discriminate the patients with or without 2-years progression compared with tumor grade after TURBT. Conclusion CLASP2 is involved in the EMT and progression of bladder urothelial cancer. Simultaneous urine-based detection of CLASP2 and E-cadherin mRNA can efficiently discriminate patients with or without 2-years progression after TURBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bisong Zhu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Sulai Liu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Department of Urology, The second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Renmin Road, Changsha, 410000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Ou
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Minfeng Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Longfei Liu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongbing Zu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Urology, The first affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe Dong Road, Zhengzhou, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Ezzoukhry Z, Henriet E, Piquet L, Boyé K, Bioulac-Sage P, Balabaud C, Couchy G, Zucman-Rossi J, Moreau V, Saltel F. TGF-β1 promotes linear invadosome formation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, through DDR1 up-regulation and collagen I cross-linking. Eur J Cell Biol 2016; 95:503-512. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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30
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VEGF-A/Notch-Induced Podosomes Proteolyse Basement Membrane Collagen-IV during Retinal Sprouting Angiogenesis. Cell Rep 2016; 17:484-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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31
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El Azzouzi K, Wiesner C, Linder S. Metalloproteinase MT1-MMP islets act as memory devices for podosome reemergence. J Cell Biol 2016; 213:109-25. [PMID: 27069022 PMCID: PMC4828691 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201510043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors find that matrix metalloproteinase MT1-MMP is enriched at the plasma membrane of macrophage podosomes, where it persists beyond podosome lifetime and, through binding to the subcortical actin cytoskeleton, forms subcellular signposts that facilitate podosome reformation. Podosomes are dynamic cell adhesions that are also sites of extracellular matrix degradation, through recruitment of matrix-lytic enzymes, particularly of matrix metalloproteinases. Using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, we show that the membrane-bound metalloproteinase MT1-MMP is enriched not only at podosomes but also at distinct “islets” embedded in the plasma membrane of primary human macrophages. MT1-MMP islets become apparent upon podosome dissolution and persist beyond podosome lifetime. Importantly, the majority of MT1-MMP islets are reused as sites of podosome reemergence. siRNA-mediated knockdown and recomplementation analyses show that islet formation is based on the cytoplasmic tail of MT1-MMP and its ability to bind the subcortical actin cytoskeleton. Collectively, our data reveal a previously unrecognized phase in the podosome life cycle and identify a structural function of MT1-MMP that is independent of its proteolytic activity. MT1-MMP islets thus act as cellular memory devices that enable efficient and localized reformation of podosomes, ensuring coordinated matrix degradation and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim El Azzouzi
- Institut für medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Wiesner
- Institut für medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Linder
- Institut für medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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32
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Significance of kinase activity in the dynamic invadosome. Eur J Cell Biol 2016; 95:483-492. [PMID: 27465307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Invadosomes are actin rich protrusive structures that facilitate invasive migration in multiple cell types. Comprised of invadopodia and podosomes, these highly dynamic structures adhere to and degrade the extracellular matrix, and are also thought to play a role in mechanosensing. Many extracellular signals have been implicated in invadosome stimulation, activating complex signalling cascades to drive the formation, activity and turnover of invadosomes. While the structural components of invadosomes have been well studied, the regulation of invadosome dynamics is still poorly understood. Protein kinases are essential to this regulation, affecting all stages of invadosome dynamics and allowing tight spatiotemporal control of their activity. Invadosome organisation and function have been linked to pathophysiological states such as cancer invasion and metastasis; therapeutic targeting of invadosome regulatory components is thus warranted. In this review, we discuss the involvement of kinase signalling in every stage of the invadosome life cycle and evaluate its significance.
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33
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Daubon T, Spuul P, Alonso F, Fremaux I, Génot E. VEGF-A stimulates podosome-mediated collagen-IV proteolysis in microvascular endothelial cells. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:2586-98. [PMID: 27231093 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.186585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Podosomes are dynamic cell-matrix contact structures that combine several key abilities, including adhesion, matrix degradation and mechanosensing. These actin-based cytoskeletal structures have been mostly studied in monocytic cells, but much less is known about those formed in other lineages. In this study, we characterise podosomes in capillary-derived microvascular endothelial cells. We identify two types of podosomes: constitutive podosomes that form in the absence of specific stimulation and induced podosomes that arise in response to the angiogenic factor VEGF-A. Constitutive and VEGF-A-induced podosomes share similar components but exhibit marked differences in terms of gelatinolytic activity. We also show that the extracellular matrix proteins laminin and collagen-IV are key determinants of the VEGF-A response, but neither collagen-I nor fibronectin are conducive for podosome induction. Moreover, only collagen-IV elicits the formation of proteolytically active podosomes through a mechanism involving increased Src phosphorylation, p190RhoGAP-B (also known as ARHGAP5) relocalisation and MT1-MMP (also known as MMP14) cell surface exposure at podosome sites. We hypothesise that by promoting podosome formation, VEGF-A enables endothelial cells to overcome the basement membrane barrier to allow sprouting outwards from the existing vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pirjo Spuul
- Université de Bordeaux, 33 000 Bordeaux, France INSERM U1045, 33 000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Florian Alonso
- Université de Bordeaux, 33 000 Bordeaux, France INSERM U1045, 33 000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Fremaux
- Université de Bordeaux, 33 000 Bordeaux, France INSERM U1045, 33 000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Elisabeth Génot
- Université de Bordeaux, 33 000 Bordeaux, France INSERM U1045, 33 000 Bordeaux, France
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34
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Fey T, Schubert KM, Schneider H, Fein E, Kleinert E, Pohl U, Dendorfer A. Impaired endothelial shear stress induces podosome assembly
via
VEGF up‐regulation. FASEB J 2016; 30:2755-66. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500091r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Theres Fey
- Walter‐Brendel‐Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Kai Michael Schubert
- Walter‐Brendel‐Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Holger Schneider
- Walter‐Brendel‐Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Evelyn Fein
- Walter‐Brendel‐Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Eike Kleinert
- Walter‐Brendel‐Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Ulrich Pohl
- Walter‐Brendel‐Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenMunichGermany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)‐Munich Heart AllianceMunichGermany
- Munich Cluster for Systems NeurologyMunichGermany
| | - Andreas Dendorfer
- Walter‐Brendel‐Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenMunichGermany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)‐Munich Heart AllianceMunichGermany
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35
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Di Martino J, Henriet E, Ezzoukhry Z, Goetz JG, Moreau V, Saltel F. The microenvironment controls invadosome plasticity. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:1759-68. [PMID: 27029343 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.182329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Invadosomes are actin-based structures involved in extracellular matrix degradation. Invadosomes is a term that includes podosomes and invadopodia, which decorate normal and tumour cells, respectively. They are mainly organised into dots or rosettes, and podosomes and invadopodia are often compared and contrasted. Various internal or external stimuli have been shown to induce their formation and/or activity. In this Commentary, we address the impact of the microenvironment and the role of matrix receptors on the formation, and dynamic and degradative activities of invadosomes. In particular, we highlight recent findings regarding the role of type I collagen fibrils in inducing the formation of a new linear organisation of invadosomes. We will also discuss invadosome plasticity more generally and emphasise its physio-pathological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Di Martino
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1053, Bordeaux F-33076, France Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33076, France
| | - Elodie Henriet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1053, Bordeaux F-33076, France Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33076, France
| | - Zakaria Ezzoukhry
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1053, Bordeaux F-33076, France Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33076, France
| | - Jacky G Goetz
- MN3T, Inserm U1109, Strasbourg 67200, France Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France LabEx Medalis, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Violaine Moreau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1053, Bordeaux F-33076, France Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33076, France
| | - Frederic Saltel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1053, Bordeaux F-33076, France Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33076, France
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36
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Abstract
The vascular basement membrane (BM) is a thin and dense cross-linked extracellular matrix layer that covers and protects blood vessels. Understanding how cells cross the physical barrier of the vascular BM will provide greater insight into the potentially critical role of vascular BM breaching in cancer extravasation, leukocyte trafficking and angiogenic sprouting. In the last year, new evidence has mechanistically linked the breaching of vascular BM with the formation of specific cellular micro-domains known as podosomes and invadopodia. These structures are specialized cell-matrix contacts with an inherent ability to degrade the extracellular matrix. Specifically, the formation of podosomes or invadopodia was shown as an important step in vascular sprouting and tumor cell extravasation, respectively. Here, we review and comment on these recent findings and explore the functions of podosomes and invadopodia within the context of pathological processes such as tumor dissemination and tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Seano
- a Laboratory of Cell Migration ; Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO; IRCCS ; Turin , Italy
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37
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Abstract
Cells actively sense the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix, such as its rigidity, morphology, and deformation. The cell-matrix interaction influences a range of cellular processes, including cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation, among others. This article aims to review some of the recent progress that has been made in modeling mechanosensing in cell-matrix interactions at different length scales. The issues discussed include specific interactions between proteins, the structure and mechanosensitivity of focal adhesions, the cluster effects of the specific binding, the structure and behavior of stress fibers, cells' sensing of substrate stiffness, and cell reorientation on cyclically stretched substrates. The review concludes by looking toward future opportunities in the field and at the challenges to understanding active cell-matrix interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;
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38
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Leclercq A, Veillat V, Loriot S, Spuul P, Madonna F, Roques X, Génot E. A Methodology for Concomitant Isolation of Intimal and Adventitial Endothelial Cells from the Human Thoracic Aorta. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143144. [PMID: 26599408 PMCID: PMC4658207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aortic diseases are diverse and involve a multiplicity of biological systems in the vascular wall. Aortic dissection, which is usually preceded by aortic aneurysm, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in modern societies. Although the endothelium is now known to play an important role in vascular diseases, its contribution to aneurysmal aortic lesions remains largely unknown. The aim of this study was to define a reliable methodology for the isolation of aortic intimal and adventitial endothelial cells in order to throw light on issues relevant to endothelial cell biology in aneurysmal diseases. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We set up protocols to isolate endothelial cells from both the intima and the adventitia of human aneurysmal aortic vessel segments. Throughout the procedure, analysis of cell morphology and endothelial markers allowed us to select an endothelial fraction which after two rounds of expansion yielded a population of >90% pure endothelial cells. These cells have the features and functionalities of freshly isolated cells and can be used for biochemical studies. The technique was successfully used for aortic vessel segments of 20 patients and 3 healthy donors. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This simple and highly reproducible method allows the simultaneous preparation of reasonably pure primary cultures of intimal and adventitial human endothelial cells, thus providing a reliable source for investigating their biology and involvement in both thoracic aneurysms and other aortic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Leclercq
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, U1045, Bordeaux, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (AL); (EG)
| | - Véronique Veillat
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sandrine Loriot
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- SFR TransBioMed, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pirjo Spuul
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, U1045, Bordeaux, France
| | - Francesco Madonna
- Service de chirurgie cardiaque et vasculaire, Hôpital Haut-L’Evêque, Pessac, France
| | - Xavier Roques
- Service de chirurgie cardiaque et vasculaire, Hôpital Haut-L’Evêque, Pessac, France
| | - Elisabeth Génot
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, U1045, Bordeaux, France
- * E-mail: (AL); (EG)
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39
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Veillat V, Spuul P, Daubon T, Egaña I, Kramer IJ, Génot E. Podosomes: Multipurpose organelles? Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 65:52-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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40
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Georgess D, Machuca-Gayet I, Blangy A, Jurdic P. Podosome organization drives osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Cell Adh Migr 2015; 8:191-204. [PMID: 24714644 DOI: 10.4161/cam.27840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are the cells responsible for physiological bone resorption. A specific organization of their most prominent cytoskeletal structures, podosomes, is crucial for the degradation of mineralized bone matrix. Each podosome is constituted of an F-actin-enriched central core surrounded by a loose F-actin network, called the podosome cloud. In addition to intrinsic actin dynamics, podosomes are defined by their adhesion to the extracellular matrix, mainly via core-linking CD44 and cloud-linking integrins. These properties allow podosomes to collectively evolve into different patterns implicated in migration and bone resorption. Indeed, to resorb bone, osteoclasts polarize, actively secrete protons, and proteases into the resorption pit where these molecules are confined by a podosome-containing sealing zone. Here, we review recent advancements on podosome structure and regulatory pathways in osteoclasts. We also discuss the distinct functions of different podosome patterns during the lifespan of a single osteoclast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Georgess
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon; Université de Lyon; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; Lyon, France
| | - Irma Machuca-Gayet
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon; Université de Lyon; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; Lyon, France
| | - Anne Blangy
- Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire; CNRS UMR 5237; Montpellier University; Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Jurdic
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon; Université de Lyon; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; Lyon, France
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41
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Fascin actin bundling controls podosome turnover and disassembly while cortactin is involved in podosome assembly by its SH3 domain in THP-1 macrophages and dendritic cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:940-52. [PMID: 25601713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Podosomes are dynamic degrading devices present in myeloid cells among other cell types. They consist of an actin core with associated regulators, surrounded by an adhesive ring. Both fascin and cortactin are known constituents but the role of fascin actin bundling is still unclear and cortactin research rather focuses on its homologue hematopoietic lineage cell-specific protein-1 (HS1). A fascin nanobody (FASNb5) that inhibits actin bundling and a cortactin nanobody (CORNb2) specifically targeting its Src-homology 3 (SH3) domain were used as unique tools to study the function of these regulators in podosome dynamics in both THP-1 macrophages and dendritic cells (DC). Upon intracellular FASNb5 expression, the few podosomes present were aberrantly stable, long-living and large, suggesting a role for fascin actin bundling in podosome turnover and disassembly. Fascin modulates this by balancing the equilibrium between branched and bundled actin networks. In the presence of CORNb2, the few podosomes formed show disrupted structures but their dynamics were unaffected. This suggests a role of the cortactin SH3 domain in podosome assembly. Remarkably, both nanobody-induced podosome-losses were compensated for by focal adhesion structures. Furthermore, matrix degradation capacities were altered and migratory phenotypes were lost. In conclusion, the cortactin SH3 domain contributes to podosome assembly while fascin actin bundling is a master regulator of podosome disassembly in THP-1 macrophages and DC.
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42
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Warren CM, Iruela-Arispe ML. Podosome rosettes precede vascular sprouts in tumour angiogenesis. Nat Cell Biol 2014; 16:928-30. [PMID: 25271481 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Expansion of a vascular network requires breaking through the basement membrane, a highly crosslinked barrier that tightly adheres to mature vessels. Angiogenic endothelial cells are now shown to form podosome rosettes that are able to focally degrade the extracellular matrix, prior to vascular sprouting in tumour angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen M Warren
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology; University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - M Luisa Iruela-Arispe
- 1] Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology; University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA [2] Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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43
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Efimova N, Grimaldi A, Bachmann A, Frye K, Zhu X, Feoktistov A, Straube A, Kaverina I. Podosome-regulating kinesin KIF1C translocates to the cell periphery in a CLASP-dependent manner. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:5179-88. [PMID: 25344256 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.149633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinesin KIF1C is known to regulate podosomes, actin-rich adhesion structures that remodel the extracellular matrix during physiological processes. Here, we show that KIF1C is a player in the podosome-inducing signaling cascade. Upon induction of podosome formation by protein kinase C (PKC), KIF1C translocation to the cell periphery intensifies and KIF1C accumulates both in the proximity of peripheral microtubules that show enrichment for the plus-tip-associated proteins CLASPs and around podosomes. Importantly, without CLASPs, both KIF1C trafficking and podosome formation are suppressed. Moreover, chimeric mitochondrially targeted CLASP2 recruits KIF1C, suggesting a transient CLASP-KIF1C association. We propose that CLASPs create preferred microtubule tracks for KIF1C to promote podosome induction downstream of PKC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Efimova
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville 37232, TN, USA
| | - Ashley Grimaldi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville 37232, TN, USA
| | - Alice Bachmann
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Keyada Frye
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville 37232, TN, USA
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville 37232, TN, USA
| | - Alexander Feoktistov
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville 37232, TN, USA
| | - Anne Straube
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Irina Kaverina
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville 37232, TN, USA
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Génot E, Gligorijevic B. Invadosomes in their natural habitat. Eur J Cell Biol 2014; 93:367-79. [PMID: 25457677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Podosomes and invadopodia (collectively known as invadosomes) are small, F-actin-rich protrusions that are located at points of cell-ECM contacts and endow cells with invasive capabilities. So far, they have been identified in human or murine immune (myelomonocytic), vascular and cancer cells. The overarching reason for studying invadosomes is their connection to human disease. For example, macrophages and osteoclasts lacking Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) are not able to form podosomes, and this leads to altered macrophage chemotaxis and defective bone resorption by osteoclasts. In contrast, the ability of cancer cells to form invadopodia is associated with high invasive and metastatic potentials. While invadosome composition, dynamics and signaling cascades leading to their assembly can be followed easily in in vitro assays, studying their contribution to pathophysiological processes in situ remains challenging. A number of recent papers have started to address this issue and describe invadosomes in situ in mouse models of cancer, cardiovascular disease and angiogenesis. In addition, in vivo invadosome homologs have been reported in developmental model systems such as C. elegans, zebrafish and sea squirt. Comparative analyses among different invasion mechanisms as they happen in their natural habitats, i.e., in situ, may provide an outline of the invadosome evolutionary history, and guide our understanding of the roles of the invasion process in pathophysiology versus development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Génot
- Université de Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1045, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; European Institute of Chemistry and Biology, 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33 600 Pessac, France.
| | - Bojana Gligorijevic
- Department of Systems & Computational Biology and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Price Center, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, 10461 Bronx, NY, USA.
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Maridonneau-Parini I. Control of macrophage 3D migration: a therapeutic challenge to limit tissue infiltration. Immunol Rev 2014; 262:216-31. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Maridonneau-Parini
- CNRS UMR 5089; Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale; Toulouse France
- Université de Toulouse; Toulouse France
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Meddens MBM, van den Dries K, Cambi A. Podosomes revealed by advanced bioimaging: what did we learn? Eur J Cell Biol 2014; 93:380-7. [PMID: 25454791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Podosomes are micrometer-sized, circular adhesions formed by cells such as osteoclasts, macrophages, dendritic cells, and endothelial cells. Because of their small size and the lack of methods to visualize individual proteins and protein complexes, podosomes have long been considered a simple two-module structure with a protrusive actin core and a surrounding adhesive ring composed of integrins and cytoskeletal adaptor proteins such as vinculin and talin. In the past decade, the applications of fluorescence based techniques that circumvent the diffraction limit of conventional light microscopy took a major leap forward. Podosomes have been imaged by a variety of these super-resolution methods, and in this concise review we discuss how these super-resolution data have increased our understanding of the podosome ultra-structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein B M Meddens
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 26-28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Koen van den Dries
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 26-28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Cambi
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 26-28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Bernadzki KM, Rojek KO, Prószyński TJ. Podosomes in muscle cells and their role in the remodeling of neuromuscular postsynaptic machinery. Eur J Cell Biol 2014; 93:478-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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ALK5 and ALK1 play antagonistic roles in transforming growth factor β-induced podosome formation in aortic endothelial cells. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:4389-403. [PMID: 25266657 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01026-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and related cytokines play a central role in the vascular system. In vitro, TGF-β induces aortic endothelial cells to assemble subcellular actin-rich structures specialized for matrix degradation called podosomes. To explore further this TGF-β-specific response and determine in which context podosomes form, ALK5 and ALK1 TGF-β receptor signaling pathways were investigated in bovine aortic endothelial cells. We report that TGF-β drives podosome formation through ALK5 and the downstream effectors Smad2 and Smad3. Concurrent TGF-β-induced ALK1 signaling mitigates ALK5 responses through Smad1. ALK1 signaling induced by BMP9 also antagonizes TGF-β-induced podosome formation, but this occurs through both Smad1 and Smad5. Whereas ALK1 neutralization brings ALK5 signals to full potency for TGF-β-induced podosome formation, ALK1 depletion leads to cell disturbances not compatible with podosome assembly. Thus, ALK1 possesses passive and active modalities. Altogether, our results reveal specific features of ALK1 and ALK5 signaling with potential clinical implications.
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Seano G, Chiaverina G, Gagliardi PA, di Blasio L, Puliafito A, Bouvard C, Sessa R, Tarone G, Sorokin L, Helley D, Jain RK, Serini G, Bussolino F, Primo L. Endothelial podosome rosettes regulate vascular branching in tumour angiogenesis. Nat Cell Biol 2014; 16:931-41, 1-8. [PMID: 25218639 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism by which angiogenic endothelial cells break the physical barrier of the vascular basement membrane and consequently sprout to form new vessels in mature tissues is unclear. Here, we show that the angiogenic endothelium is characterized by the presence of functional podosome rosettes. These extracellular-matrix-degrading and adhesive structures are precursors of de novo branching points and represent a key feature in the formation of new blood vessels. VEGF-A stimulation induces the formation of endothelial podosome rosettes by upregulating integrin α6β1. In contrast, the binding of α6β1 integrin to the laminin of the vascular basement membrane impairs the formation of podosome rosettes by restricting α6β1 integrin to focal adhesions and hampering its translocation to podosomes. Using an ex vivo sprouting angiogenesis assay, transgenic and knockout mouse models and human tumour sample analysis, we provide evidence that endothelial podosome rosettes control blood vessel branching and are critical regulators of pathological angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Seano
- 1] Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin 10100, Italy [2] Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo 10060, Italy [3] Edwin L. Steele Laboratory for Tumor Biology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Giulia Chiaverina
- 1] Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin 10100, Italy [2] Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo 10060, Italy
| | - Paolo Armando Gagliardi
- 1] Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin 10100, Italy [2] Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo 10060, Italy
| | - Laura di Blasio
- 1] Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin 10100, Italy [2] Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo 10060, Italy
| | - Alberto Puliafito
- 1] Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin 10100, Italy [2] Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo 10060, Italy
| | - Claire Bouvard
- UMR-S 765, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, France
| | - Roberto Sessa
- 1] Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin 10100, Italy [2] Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo 10060, Italy
| | - Guido Tarone
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin 10124, Italy
| | - Lydia Sorokin
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Muenster University, Muenster 48149, Germany
| | - Dominique Helley
- UMR-S 970, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, France
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratory for Tumor Biology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Guido Serini
- 1] Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin 10100, Italy [2] Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo 10060, Italy
| | - Federico Bussolino
- 1] Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin 10100, Italy [2] Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo 10060, Italy
| | - Luca Primo
- 1] Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin 10100, Italy [2] Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo 10060, Italy
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Seano G, Daubon T, Génot E, Primo L. Podosomes as novel players in endothelial biology. Eur J Cell Biol 2014; 93:405-12. [PMID: 25199436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Podosomes and invadopodia, collectively known as invadosomes, are specialized cell-matrix contacts with an inherent ability to degrade extracellular matrix. Their occurrence in either normal (podosomes) or cancer cells (invadopodia) is thus traditionally associated with cell invasiveness and tissue remodelling. These specialized micro-domains of the plasma membrane are characterized by enrichment of F-actin, cortactin and metalloproteases. Recent developments in the field show that, under some circumstances, vascular endothelial cells (ECs) can be induced to form this kind of peculiar structures. Cultured ECs contain either 0.5-1-μm-wide individual podosomes or 5 to 10 μm wide ring-like clusters of podosomes (podosome rosettes). The formation of individual podosomes or podosome rosettes in ECs can be induced by soluble factors, such as TGFβ, VEGF, TNFα or pharmacological agents, such as phorbol esters. Recently, the evidence of the existence of such structures in vascular endothelium has been provided by ex vivo observation. Endothelial podosome rosettes have recently been functionally linked to arterial remodelling and sprouting angiogenesis. Concerted efforts aim now at confirming the relevance of endothelial podosomes in these patho-physiological processes in vivo. In the current review, we will introduce some general considerations regarding ECs in the vascular system. From there on, we will review the various EC types where podosomes have been described and the state-of-art knowledge hitherto generated regarding endothelial podosome features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Seano
- Laboratory of Cell Migration, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO, IRCCS, Turin, Italy; Edwin L. Steele Laboratory for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MAUSA
| | - Thomas Daubon
- European Institute of Chemistry and Biology, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France; INSERM, 1045, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Elisabeth Génot
- European Institute of Chemistry and Biology, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France; INSERM, 1045, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Luca Primo
- Laboratory of Cell Migration, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO, IRCCS, Turin, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.
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