1
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Wilson CA, Batzel P, Postlethwait JH. Direct male development in chromosomally ZZ zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1362228. [PMID: 38529407 PMCID: PMC10961373 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1362228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The genetics of sex determination varies across taxa, sometimes even within a species. Major domesticated strains of zebrafish (Danio rerio), including AB and TU, lack a strong genetic sex determining locus, but strains more recently derived from nature, like Nadia (NA), possess a ZZ male/ZW female chromosomal sex-determination system. AB fish pass through a juvenile ovary stage, forming oocytes that survive in fish that become females but die in fish that become males. To understand mechanisms of gonad development in NA zebrafish, we studied histology and single cell transcriptomics in developing ZZ and ZW fish. ZW fish developed oocytes by 22 days post-fertilization (dpf) but ZZ fish directly formed testes, avoiding a juvenile ovary phase. Gonads of some ZW and WW fish, however, developed oocytes that died as the gonad became a testis, mimicking AB fish, suggesting that the gynogenetically derived AB strain is chromosomally WW. Single-cell RNA-seq of 19dpf gonads showed similar cell types in ZZ and ZW fish, including germ cells, precursors of gonadal support cells, steroidogenic cells, interstitial/stromal cells, and immune cells, consistent with a bipotential juvenile gonad. In contrast, scRNA-seq of 30dpf gonads revealed that cells in ZZ gonads had transcriptomes characteristic of testicular Sertoli, Leydig, and germ cells while ZW gonads had granulosa cells, theca cells, and developing oocytes. Hematopoietic and vascular cells were similar in both sex genotypes. These results show that juvenile NA zebrafish initially develop a bipotential gonad; that a factor on the NA W chromosome, or fewer than two Z chromosomes, is essential to initiate oocyte development; and without the W factor, or with two Z doses, NA gonads develop directly into testes without passing through the juvenile ovary stage. Sex determination in AB and TU strains mimics NA ZW and WW zebrafish, suggesting loss of the Z chromosome during domestication. Genetic analysis of the NA strain will facilitate our understanding of the evolution of sex determination mechanisms.
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2
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Wang Z, Su Y, Zhao M, Ma Z, Li J, Hou Z, Li H. NOTCH1 as a Negative Regulator of Avian Adipocyte Differentiation: Implications for Fat Deposition. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:585. [PMID: 38396553 PMCID: PMC10886207 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The NOTCH signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in diverse developmental processes, including cell proliferation and differentiation. In this study, we investigated whether this signaling molecules also contribute to avian adipogenesis. Using previous mRNA-seq datasets, we examined the expression of 11 signaling members during avian adipocyte differentiation. We found most members are down-regulated throughout differentiation (p < 0.05). As a representative, NOTCH1 was decreased in cultured chicken abdominal adipocytes during adipogenesis at mRNA and protein levels (p < 0.05). Moreover, using an overexpression plasmid for NOTCH1's intracellular domain (NICD1), as well as siRNA and DAPT to activate or deplete NOTCH1 in cells, we investigated the role of NOTCH1 in avian adipogenesis. Our findings illuminate that NOTCH1 activates the expression of HES1 and SOCS3 while it decreases NR2F2 and NUMB (p < 0.05), as well as inhibits oleic acid-induced adipocyte differentiation (p < 0.01). We further demonstrate that HES1, a downstream transcription factor activated by NOTCH1, also significantly inhibits adipogenesis by suppressing PPARγ and C/EBPα (p < 0.01). Collectively, these findings establish NOTCH1 as a negative regulator of avian adipocyte differentiation, unveiling NOTCH signaling as a potential target for regulating avian fat deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (Z.W.); (Y.S.); (M.Z.); (Z.M.)
| | - Yue Su
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (Z.W.); (Y.S.); (M.Z.); (Z.M.)
| | - Mingyu Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (Z.W.); (Y.S.); (M.Z.); (Z.M.)
| | - Zhenhua Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (Z.W.); (Y.S.); (M.Z.); (Z.M.)
| | - Jianhui Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China;
| | - Zhuocheng Hou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MARA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Huifeng Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (Z.W.); (Y.S.); (M.Z.); (Z.M.)
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3
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Wilson CA, Batzel P, Postlethwait JH. Direct Male Development in Chromosomally ZZ Zebrafish. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.27.573483. [PMID: 38234788 PMCID: PMC10793451 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.27.573483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The genetics of sex determination varies across taxa, sometimes even within a species. Major domesticated strains of zebrafish ( Danio rerio ), including AB and TU, lack a strong genetic sex determining locus, but strains more recently derived from nature, like Nadia (NA), possess a ZZ male/ZW female chromosomal sex-determination system. AB strain fish pass through a juvenile ovary stage, forming oocytes that survive in fish that become females but die in fish that become males. To understand mechanisms of gonad development in NA zebrafish, we studied histology and single cell transcriptomics in developing ZZ and ZW fish. ZW fish developed oocytes by 22 days post-fertilization (dpf) but ZZ fish directly formed testes, avoiding a juvenile ovary phase. Gonads of some ZW and WW fish, however, developed oocytes that died as the gonad became a testis, mimicking AB fish, suggesting that the gynogenetically derived AB strain is chromosomally WW. Single-cell RNA-seq of 19dpf gonads showed similar cell types in ZZ and ZW fish, including germ cells, precursors of gonadal support cells, steroidogenic cells, interstitial/stromal cells, and immune cells, consistent with a bipotential juvenile gonad. In contrast, scRNA-seq of 30dpf gonads revealed that cells in ZZ gonads had transcriptomes characteristic of testicular Sertoli, Leydig, and germ cells while ZW gonads had granulosa cells, theca cells, and developing oocytes. Hematopoietic and vascular cells were similar in both sex genotypes. These results show that juvenile NA zebrafish initially develop a bipotential gonad; that a factor on the NA W chromosome or fewer than two Z chromosomes is essential to initiate oocyte development; and without the W factor or with two Z doses, NA gonads develop directly into testes without passing through the juvenile ovary stage. Sex determination in AB and TU strains mimics NA ZW and WW zebrafish, suggesting loss of the Z chromosome during domestication. Genetic analysis of the NA strain will facilitate our understanding of the evolution of sex determination mechanisms.
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4
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Oh Y, Quiroz E, Wang T, Medina-Laver Y, Redecke SM, Dominguez F, Lydon JP, DeMayo FJ, Wu SP. The NR2F2-HAND2 signaling axis regulates progesterone actions in the uterus at early pregnancy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1229033. [PMID: 37664846 PMCID: PMC10473531 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1229033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial function is dependent on a tight crosstalk between the epithelial and stromal cells of the endometrium. This communication is critical to ensure a fertile uterus and relies on progesterone and estrogen signaling to prepare a receptive uterus for embryo implantation in early pregnancy. One of the key mediators of this crosstalk is the orphan nuclear receptor NR2F2, which regulates uterine epithelial receptivity and stromal cell differentiation. In order to determine the molecular mechanism regulated by NR2F2, RNAseq analysis was conducted on the uterus of PgrCre;Nr2f2f/f mice at Day 3.5 of pregnancy. This transcriptomic analysis demonstrated Nr2f2 ablation in Pgr-expressing cells leads to a reduction of Hand2 expression, increased levels of Hand2 downstream effectors Fgf1 and Fgf18, and a transcriptome manifesting suppressed progesterone signaling with an altered immune baseline. ChIPseq analysis conducted on the Day 3.5 pregnant mouse uterus for NR2F2 demonstrated the majority of NR2F2 occupies genomic regions that have H3K27ac and H3K4me1 histone modifications, including the loci of major uterine transcription regulators Hand2, Egr1, and Zbtb16. Furthermore, functional analysis of an NR2F2 occupying site that is conserved between human and mouse was capable to enhance endogenous HAND2 mRNA expression with the CRISPR activator in human endometrial stroma cells. These data establish the NR2F2 dependent regulation of Hand2 in the stroma and identify a cis-acting element for this action. In summary, our findings reveal a role of the NR2F2-HAND2 regulatory axis that determines the uterine transcriptomic pattern in preparation for the endometrial receptivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeongseok Oh
- Reproductive and Development Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
- Department of Life Science and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Elvis Quiroz
- Reproductive and Development Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Tianyuan Wang
- Biostatistics & Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Yassmin Medina-Laver
- Reproductive and Development Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
- IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
| | - Skylar Montague Redecke
- Reproductive and Development Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Francisco Dominguez
- IVIRMA Global Research Alliance, IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
| | - John P. Lydon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Francesco J. DeMayo
- Reproductive and Development Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - San-Pin Wu
- Reproductive and Development Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
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5
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Dougherty EJ, Chen LY, Awad KS, Ferreyra GA, Demirkale CY, Keshavarz A, Gairhe S, Johnston KA, Hicks ME, Sandler AB, Curran CS, Krack JM, Ding Y, Suffredini AF, Solomon MA, Elinoff JM, Danner RL. Inflammation and DKK1-induced AKT activation contribute to endothelial dysfunction following NR2F2 loss. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L783-L798. [PMID: 37039367 PMCID: PMC10202490 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00171.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
NR2F2 is expressed in endothelial cells (ECs) and Nr2f2 knockout produces lethal cardiovascular defects. In humans, reduced NR2F2 expression is associated with cardiovascular diseases including congenital heart disease and atherosclerosis. Here, NR2F2 silencing in human primary ECs led to inflammation, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), proliferation, hypermigration, apoptosis-resistance, and increased production of reactive oxygen species. These changes were associated with STAT and AKT activation along with increased production of DKK1. Co-silencing DKK1 and NR2F2 prevented NR2F2-loss-induced STAT and AKT activation and reversed EndMT. Serum DKK1 concentrations were elevated in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and DKK1 was secreted by ECs in response to in vitro loss of either BMPR2 or CAV1, which are genetic defects associated with the development of PAH. In human primary ECs, NR2F2 suppressed DKK1, whereas its loss conversely induced DKK1 and disrupted endothelial homeostasis, promoting phenotypic abnormalities associated with pathologic vascular remodeling. Activating NR2F2 or blocking DKK1 may be useful therapeutic targets for treating chronic vascular diseases associated with EC dysfunction.NEW & NOTEWORTHY NR2F2 loss in the endothelial lining of blood vessels is associated with cardiovascular disease. Here, NR2F2-silenced human endothelial cells were inflammatory, proliferative, hypermigratory, and apoptosis-resistant with increased oxidant stress and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. DKK1 was induced in NR2F2-silenced endothelial cells, while co-silencing NR2F2 and DKK1 prevented NR2F2-loss-associated abnormalities in endothelial signaling and phenotype. Activating NR2F2 or blocking DKK1 may be useful therapeutic targets for treating vascular diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Dougherty
- Clinical Center/Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Li-Yuan Chen
- Clinical Center/Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Keytam S Awad
- Clinical Center/Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Gabriela A Ferreyra
- Clinical Center/Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Cumhur Y Demirkale
- Clinical Center/Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Ali Keshavarz
- Clinical Center/Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Salina Gairhe
- Clinical Center/Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Kathryn A Johnston
- Clinical Center/Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Madelyn E Hicks
- Clinical Center/Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Alexis B Sandler
- Clinical Center/Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Colleen S Curran
- Clinical Center/Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Janell M Krack
- Clinical Center/Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Yi Ding
- Clinical Center/Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Anthony F Suffredini
- Clinical Center/Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Michael A Solomon
- Clinical Center/Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Jason M Elinoff
- Clinical Center/Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Robert L Danner
- Clinical Center/Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
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6
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Lv J, Meng S, Gu Q, Zheng R, Gao X, Kim JD, Chen M, Xia B, Zuo Y, Zhu S, Zhao D, Li Y, Wang G, Wang X, Meng Q, Cao Q, Cooke JP, Fang L, Chen K, Zhang L. Epigenetic landscape reveals MECOM as an endothelial lineage regulator. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2390. [PMID: 37185814 PMCID: PMC10130150 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38002-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of endothelial cell lineage specification will advance cardiovascular regenerative medicine. Recent studies found that unique epigenetic signatures preferentially regulate cell identity genes. We thus systematically investigate the epigenetic landscape of endothelial cell lineage and identify MECOM to be the leading candidate as an endothelial cell lineage regulator. Single-cell RNA-Seq analysis verifies that MECOM-positive cells are exclusively enriched in the cell cluster of bona fide endothelial cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. Our experiments demonstrate that MECOM depletion impairs human endothelial cell differentiation, functions, and Zebrafish angiogenesis. Through integrative analysis of Hi-C, DNase-Seq, ChIP-Seq, and RNA-Seq data, we find MECOM binds enhancers that form chromatin loops to regulate endothelial cell identity genes. Further, we identify and verify the VEGF signaling pathway to be a key target of MECOM. Our work provides important insights into epigenetic regulation of cell identity and uncovered MECOM as an endothelial cell lineage regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lv
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shu Meng
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qilin Gu
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rongbin Zheng
- Basic and Translational Research Division, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xinlei Gao
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Basic and Translational Research Division, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jun-Dae Kim
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Min Chen
- Basic and Translational Research Division, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Bo Xia
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yihan Zuo
- Basic and Translational Research Division, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sen Zhu
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dongyu Zhao
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Basic and Translational Research Division, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yanqiang Li
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Basic and Translational Research Division, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Basic and Translational Research Division, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Basic and Translational Research Division, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Qingshu Meng
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Qi Cao
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John P Cooke
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Longhou Fang
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Kaifu Chen
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
- Basic and Translational Research Division, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Lili Zhang
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
- Basic and Translational Research Division, Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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7
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Ye S, Wang C, Xu Z, Lin H, Wan X, Yu Y, Adhicary S, Zhang JZ, Zhou Y, Liu C, Alonzo M, Bi J, Ramirez-Navarro A, Deschenes I, Ma Q, Garg V, Wu JC, Zhao MT. Impaired Human Cardiac Cell Development due to NOTCH1 Deficiency. Circ Res 2023; 132:187-204. [PMID: 36583388 PMCID: PMC9852089 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NOTCH1 pathogenic variants are implicated in multiple types of congenital heart defects including hypoplastic left heart syndrome, where the left ventricle is underdeveloped. It is unknown how NOTCH1 regulates human cardiac cell lineage determination and cardiomyocyte proliferation. In addition, mechanisms by which NOTCH1 pathogenic variants lead to ventricular hypoplasia in hypoplastic left heart syndrome remain elusive. METHODS CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)/Cas9 genome editing was utilized to delete NOTCH1 in human induced pluripotent stem cells. Cardiac differentiation was carried out by sequential modulation of WNT signaling, and NOTCH1 knockout and wild-type differentiating cells were collected at day 0, 2, 5, 10, 14, and 30 for single-cell RNA-seq. RESULTS Human NOTCH1 knockout induced pluripotent stem cells are able to generate functional cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells, suggesting that NOTCH1 is not required for mesoderm differentiation and cardiovascular development in vitro. However, disruption of NOTCH1 blocks human ventricular-like cardiomyocyte differentiation but promotes atrial-like cardiomyocyte generation through shortening the action potential duration. NOTCH1 deficiency leads to defective proliferation of early human cardiomyocytes, and transcriptomic analysis indicates that pathways involved in cell cycle progression and mitosis are downregulated in NOTCH1 knockout cardiomyocytes. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals abnormal cell lineage determination of cardiac mesoderm, which is manifested by the biased differentiation toward epicardial and second heart field progenitors at the expense of first heart field progenitors in NOTCH1 knockout cell populations. CONCLUSIONS NOTCH1 is essential for human ventricular-like cardiomyocyte differentiation and proliferation through balancing cell fate determination of cardiac mesoderm and modulating cell cycle progression. Because first heart field progenitors primarily contribute to the left ventricle, we speculate that pathogenic NOTCH1 variants lead to biased differentiation of first heart field progenitors, blocked ventricular-like cardiomyocyte differentiation, and defective cardiomyocyte proliferation, which collaboratively contribute to left ventricular hypoplasia in hypoplastic left heart syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiao Ye
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (S.Y., H.L., Y.Y., S.A., M.A., J.B., V.G., M.-T.Z.).,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (S.Y., Y.Y., S.A., M.A., J.B., V.G., M.-T.Z.)
| | - Cankun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics (C.W., Q.M.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Zhaohui Xu
- Department of Pediatrics (Z.X., V.G., M.-T.Z.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH.,Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (Z.X.)
| | - Hui Lin
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (S.Y., H.L., Y.Y., S.A., M.A., J.B., V.G., M.-T.Z.)
| | - Xiaoping Wan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology (X.W., A.R.-N., I.D., M.-T.Z.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Yang Yu
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (S.Y., H.L., Y.Y., S.A., M.A., J.B., V.G., M.-T.Z.).,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (S.Y., Y.Y., S.A., M.A., J.B., V.G., M.-T.Z.)
| | - Subhodip Adhicary
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (S.Y., H.L., Y.Y., S.A., M.A., J.B., V.G., M.-T.Z.).,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (S.Y., Y.Y., S.A., M.A., J.B., V.G., M.-T.Z.)
| | - Joe Z. Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (J.Z.Z., Y.Z., C.L., J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.,Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China (J.Z.Z.)
| | - Yang Zhou
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (J.Z.Z., Y.Z., C.L., J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Chun Liu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (J.Z.Z., Y.Z., C.L., J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Matthew Alonzo
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (S.Y., H.L., Y.Y., S.A., M.A., J.B., V.G., M.-T.Z.).,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (S.Y., Y.Y., S.A., M.A., J.B., V.G., M.-T.Z.)
| | - Jianli Bi
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (S.Y., H.L., Y.Y., S.A., M.A., J.B., V.G., M.-T.Z.).,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (S.Y., Y.Y., S.A., M.A., J.B., V.G., M.-T.Z.)
| | - Angelina Ramirez-Navarro
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology (X.W., A.R.-N., I.D., M.-T.Z.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Isabelle Deschenes
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology (X.W., A.R.-N., I.D., M.-T.Z.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Qin Ma
- Department of Biomedical Informatics (C.W., Q.M.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Vidu Garg
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (S.Y., H.L., Y.Y., S.A., M.A., J.B., V.G., M.-T.Z.).,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (S.Y., Y.Y., S.A., M.A., J.B., V.G., M.-T.Z.).,Department of Pediatrics (Z.X., V.G., M.-T.Z.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Joseph C. Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute (J.Z.Z., Y.Z., C.L., J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine (J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.,Department of Radiology (J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Ming-Tao Zhao
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (S.Y., H.L., Y.Y., S.A., M.A., J.B., V.G., M.-T.Z.).,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH (S.Y., Y.Y., S.A., M.A., J.B., V.G., M.-T.Z.).,Department of Pediatrics (Z.X., V.G., M.-T.Z.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH.,Department of Physiology and Cell Biology (X.W., A.R.-N., I.D., M.-T.Z.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
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8
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Hanna JA, Langdon CG, Garcia MR, Benton A, Lanman NA, Finkelstein D, Rehg JE, Hatley ME. Genetic context of oncogenic drivers dictates vascular sarcoma development in
aP2‐Cre
mice. J Pathol 2022; 257:109-124. [PMID: 35066877 PMCID: PMC9007915 DOI: 10.1002/path.5873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Angiosarcomas are aggressive vascular sarcomas that arise from endothelial cells and have an extremely poor prognosis. Because of the rarity of angiosarcomas, knowledge of molecular drivers and optimized treatment strategies is lacking, highlighting the need for in vivo models to study the disease. Previously, we generated genetically engineered mouse models of angiosarcoma driven by aP2‐Cre‐mediated biallelic loss of Dicer1 or conditional activation of KrasG12D with Cdkn2a loss that histologically and genetically resemble human tumors. In the present study, we found that DICER1 functions as a potent tumor suppressor and its deletion, in combination with either KRASG12D expression or Cdkn2a loss, is associated with angiosarcoma development. Independent of the genetic driver, the mTOR pathway was activated in all murine angiosarcoma models. Direct activation of the mTOR pathway by conditional deletion of Tsc1 with aP2‐Cre resulted in tumors that resemble intermediate grade human kaposiform hemangioendotheliomas, indicating that mTOR activation was not sufficient to drive the malignant angiosarcoma phenotype. Genetic dissection of the spectrum of vascular tumors identified genes specifically regulated in the aggressive murine angiosarcomas that are also enriched in human angiosarcoma. The genetic dissection driving the transition across the malignant spectrum of endothelial sarcomas provides an opportunity to identify key determinants of the malignant phenotype, novel therapies for angiosarcoma, and novel in vivo models to further explore angiosarcoma pathogenesis. © 2022 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A. Hanna
- Department of Oncology St. Jude Children's Research Hospital 262 Danny Thomas Place Memphis TN 38105 USA
- Department of Biological Sciences Purdue University 201 S. University Street West Lafayette IN 47906 USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research Purdue University West Lafayette, IN, 47907 USA
| | - Casey G. Langdon
- Department of Oncology St. Jude Children's Research Hospital 262 Danny Thomas Place Memphis TN 38105 USA
| | - Matthew R. Garcia
- Department of Oncology St. Jude Children's Research Hospital 262 Danny Thomas Place Memphis TN 38105 USA
| | - Annaleigh Benton
- Department of Biological Sciences Purdue University 201 S. University Street West Lafayette IN 47906 USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research Purdue University West Lafayette, IN, 47907 USA
| | - Nadia A. Lanman
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology Purdue University 201 S. University Street West Lafayette IN 47906 USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research Purdue University West Lafayette, IN, 47907 USA
| | - David Finkelstein
- Department of Computational Biology St. Jude Children's Research Hospital 262 Danny Thomas Place Memphis TN 38105 USA
| | - Jerold E. Rehg
- Department of Pathology St. Jude Children's Research Hospital 262 Danny Thomas Place Memphis TN 38105 USA
| | - Mark E. Hatley
- Department of Oncology St. Jude Children's Research Hospital 262 Danny Thomas Place Memphis TN 38105 USA
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9
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Chesnais F, Hue J, Roy E, Branco M, Stokes R, Pellon A, Le Caillec J, Elbahtety E, Battilocchi M, Danovi D, Veschini L. High content Image Analysis to study phenotypic heterogeneity in endothelial cell monolayers. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:273879. [PMID: 34982151 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (EC) are heterogeneous across and within tissues, reflecting distinct, specialised functions. EC heterogeneity has been proposed to underpin EC plasticity independently from vessel microenvironments. However, heterogeneity driven by contact-dependent or short-range cell-cell crosstalk cannot be evaluated with single cell transcriptomic approaches as spatial and contextual information is lost. Nonetheless, quantification of EC heterogeneity and understanding of its molecular drivers is key to developing novel therapeutics for cancer, cardiovascular diseases and for revascularisation in regenerative medicine. Here, we developed an EC profiling tool (ECPT) to examine individual cells within intact monolayers. We used ECPT to characterise different phenotypes in arterial, venous and microvascular EC populations. In line with other studies, we measured heterogeneity in terms of cell cycle, proliferation, and junction organisation. ECPT uncovered a previously under-appreciated single-cell heterogeneity in NOTCH activation. We correlated cell proliferation with different NOTCH activation states at the single cell and population levels. The positional and relational information extracted with our novel approach is key to elucidating the molecular mechanisms underpinning EC heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Chesnais
- Academic centre of reconstructive science, Faculty of Dentistry Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jonas Hue
- Academic centre of reconstructive science, Faculty of Dentistry Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Errin Roy
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Floor 28, Tower Wing, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Marco Branco
- Academic centre of reconstructive science, Faculty of Dentistry Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ruby Stokes
- Academic centre of reconstructive science, Faculty of Dentistry Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Aize Pellon
- Centre for host-microbiome interactions, Faculty of Dentistry Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Juliette Le Caillec
- Academic centre of reconstructive science, Faculty of Dentistry Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Eyad Elbahtety
- Academic centre of reconstructive science, Faculty of Dentistry Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Matteo Battilocchi
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Floor 28, Tower Wing, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Davide Danovi
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Floor 28, Tower Wing, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK.,bit.bio, Babraham Research Campus, The Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Cambridge CB22 3FH, UK
| | - Lorenzo Veschini
- Academic centre of reconstructive science, Faculty of Dentistry Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
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10
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Oliver G. Lymphatic endothelial cell fate specification in the mammalian embryo: An historical perspective. Dev Biol 2021; 482:44-54. [PMID: 34915023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Development of the mammalian lymphatic vasculature is a stepwise process requiring the specification of lymphatic endothelial cell progenitors in the embryonic veins, and their subsequent budding to give rise to most of the mature lymphatic vasculature. In mice, formation of the lymphatic vascular network starts inside the cardinal vein at around E9.5 when a subpopulation of venous endothelial cells gets committed into the lymphatic lineage by their acquisition of Prox1 expression. Identification of critical genes regulating lymphatic development facilitated the detailed cellular and molecular characterization of some of the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating the early steps leading to the formation of the mammalian lymphatic vasculature. A better understanding of basic aspects of early lymphatic development, and the availability of novel tools and animal models has been instrumental in the identification of important novel functional roles of this vasculature network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Oliver
- Center for Vascular and Developmental Biology, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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11
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Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Heterogeneity and Functional Diversity of Lymphatic Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111976. [PMID: 34769408 PMCID: PMC8584409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) line the lymphatic vasculature and play a central role in the immune response. LECs have abilities to regulate immune transport, to promote immune cell survival, and to cross present antigens to dendritic cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA) technology has accelerated new discoveries in the field of lymphatic vascular biology. This review will summarize these new findings in regard to embryonic development, LEC heterogeneity with associated functional diversity, and interactions with other cells. Depending on the organ, location in the lymphatic vascular tree, and micro-environmental conditions, LECs feature unique properties and tasks. Furthermore, adjacent stromal cells need the support of LECs for fulfilling their tasks in the immune response, such as immune cell transport and antigen presentation. Although aberrant lymphatic vasculature has been observed in a number of chronic inflammatory diseases, the knowledge on LEC heterogeneity and functional diversity in these diseases is limited. Combining scRNA sequencing data with imaging and more in-depth functional experiments will advance our knowledge of LECs in health and disease. Building the case, the LEC could be put forward as a new therapeutic target in chronic inflammatory diseases, counterweighting the current immune-cell focused therapies.
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12
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Lymphatic Endothelial Cell Defects in Congenital Cardiac Patients With Postoperative Chylothorax. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 2. [PMID: 34590077 PMCID: PMC8478352 DOI: 10.1097/jova.0000000000000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Chylothorax following cardiac surgery for congenital cardiac anomalies is a complication associated with severe morbidities and mortality. We hypothesize that there are intrinsic defects in the lymphatics of congenital cardiac patients. Methods Postsurgical chylothorax lymphatic endothelial cells (pcLECs) (n = 10) were isolated from the chylous fluid from congenital cardiac defect patients, and characterized by fluorescent-activated cell sorting, immunofluorescent staining, and quantitative RT-PCR. Results were compared to normal human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (HdLECs). pcLECs (n = 3) and HdLECs were xenografted into immunocompromised mice. Implants and postoperative chylothorax patient's pulmonary tissues were characterized by immunostaining for lymphatic endothelial proteins. Results pcLECs expressed endothelial markers VECADHERIN, CD31, VEGFR2, lymphatic endothelial markers PROX1, podoplanin, VEGFR3, and progenitor endothelial markers CD90 and CD146. However, pcLECs had key differences relative to HdLECs, including altered expression and mislocalization of junctional proteins (VECADHERIN and CD31), and essential endothelial proteins, VEGFR2, VEGFR3, and PROX1. When xenografted in mice, pcLECs formed dilated lymphatic channels with poor cell-cell association. Similar to congenital lymphatic anomalies, the pulmonary lymphatics were dilated in a patient who developed postoperative chylothorax after cardiac surgery. Conclusions Recent studies have shown that some postoperative chylothoraces in congenital cardiac anomalies are associated with anatomical lymphatic defects. We found that pcLECs have defects in expression and localization of proteins necessary to maintain lymphatic specification and function. This pcLEC phenotype is similar to that observed in lymphatic endothelial cells from congenital lymphatic anomalies. Co-existence of lymphatic anomalies should be considered as a feature of congenital cardiac anomalies.
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13
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Ducoli L, Detmar M. Beyond PROX1: transcriptional, epigenetic, and noncoding RNA regulation of lymphatic identity and function. Dev Cell 2021; 56:406-426. [PMID: 33621491 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic vascular system acts as the major transportation highway of tissue fluids, and its activation or impairment is associated with a wide range of diseases. There has been increasing interest in understanding the mechanisms that control lymphatic vessel formation (lymphangiogenesis) and function in development and disease. Here, we discuss recent insights into new players whose identification has contributed to deciphering the lymphatic regulatory code. We reveal how lymphatic endothelial cells, the building blocks of lymphatic vessels, utilize their transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and epigenetic portfolio to commit to and maintain their vascular lineage identity and function, with a particular focus on development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ducoli
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; Molecular Life Sciences PhD Program, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Detmar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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14
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Hernández Vásquez MN, Ulvmar MH, González-Loyola A, Kritikos I, Sun Y, He L, Halin C, Petrova TV, Mäkinen T. Transcription factor FOXP2 is a flow-induced regulator of collecting lymphatic vessels. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107192. [PMID: 33934370 PMCID: PMC8204859 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020107192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic system is composed of a hierarchical network of fluid absorbing lymphatic capillaries and transporting collecting vessels. Despite distinct functions and morphologies, molecular mechanisms that regulate the identity of the different vessel types are poorly understood. Through transcriptional analysis of murine dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), we identified Foxp2, a member of the FOXP family of transcription factors implicated in speech development, as a collecting vessel signature gene. FOXP2 expression was induced after initiation of lymph flow in vivo and upon shear stress on primary LECs in vitro. Loss of FOXC2, the major flow-responsive transcriptional regulator of lymphatic valve formation, abolished FOXP2 induction in vitro and in vivo. Genetic deletion of Foxp2 in mice using the endothelial-specific Tie2-Cre or the tamoxifen-inducible LEC-specific Prox1-CreERT2 line resulted in enlarged collecting vessels and defective valves characterized by loss of NFATc1 activity. Our results identify FOXP2 as a new flow-induced transcriptional regulator of collecting lymphatic vessel morphogenesis and highlight the existence of unique transcription factor codes in the establishment of vessel-type-specific endothelial cell identities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria H Ulvmar
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alejandra González-Loyola
- Vascular and Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis Kritikos
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Liqun He
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cornelia Halin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tatiana V Petrova
- Vascular and Tumor Biology Laboratory, Department of Oncology UNIL CHUV, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Taija Mäkinen
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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15
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Jafree DJ, Long DA, Scambler PJ, Ruhrberg C. Mechanisms and cell lineages in lymphatic vascular development. Angiogenesis 2021; 24:271-288. [PMID: 33825109 PMCID: PMC8205918 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09784-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels have critical roles in both health and disease and their study is a rapidly evolving area of vascular biology. The consensus on how the first lymphatic vessels arise in the developing embryo has recently shifted. Originally, they were thought to solely derive by sprouting from veins. Since then, several studies have uncovered novel cellular mechanisms and a diversity of contributing cell lineages in the formation of organ lymphatic vasculature. Here, we review the key mechanisms and cell lineages contributing to lymphatic development, discuss the advantages and limitations of experimental techniques used for their study and highlight remaining knowledge gaps that require urgent attention. Emerging technologies should accelerate our understanding of how lymphatic vessels develop normally and how they contribute to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniyal J Jafree
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - David A Long
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Peter J Scambler
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Christiana Ruhrberg
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK.
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16
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Kaltezioti V, Foskolou IP, Lavigne MD, Ninou E, Tsampoula M, Fousteri M, Margarity M, Politis PK. Prox1 inhibits neurite outgrowth during central nervous system development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3443-3465. [PMID: 33247761 PMCID: PMC11072475 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03709-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
During central nervous system (CNS) development, proper and timely induction of neurite elongation is critical for generating functional, mature neurons, and neuronal networks. Despite the wealth of information on the action of extracellular cues, little is known about the intrinsic gene regulatory factors that control this developmental decision. Here, we report the identification of Prox1, a homeobox transcription factor, as a key player in inhibiting neurite elongation. Although Prox1 promotes acquisition of early neuronal identity and is expressed in nascent post-mitotic neurons, it is heavily down-regulated in the majority of terminally differentiated neurons, indicating a regulatory role in delaying neurite outgrowth in newly formed neurons. Consistently, we show that Prox1 is sufficient to inhibit neurite extension in mouse and human neuroblastoma cell lines. More importantly, Prox1 overexpression suppresses neurite elongation in primary neuronal cultures as well as in the developing mouse brain, while Prox1 knock-down promotes neurite outgrowth. Mechanistically, RNA-Seq analysis reveals that Prox1 affects critical pathways for neuronal maturation and neurite extension. Interestingly, Prox1 strongly inhibits many components of Ca2+ signaling pathway, an important mediator of neurite extension and neuronal maturation. In accordance, Prox1 represses Ca2+ entry upon KCl-mediated depolarization and reduces CREB phosphorylation. These observations suggest that Prox1 acts as a potent suppressor of neurite outgrowth by inhibiting Ca2+ signaling pathway. This action may provide the appropriate time window for nascent neurons to find the correct position in the CNS prior to initiation of neurites and axon elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Kaltezioti
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Efesiou Street, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Iosifina P Foskolou
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Efesiou Street, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Matthieu D Lavigne
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, BSRC 'Alexander Fleming', 34 Fleming Street, Vari, 16672, Athens, Greece
| | - Elpinickie Ninou
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Efesiou Street, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Matina Tsampoula
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Efesiou Street, 115 27, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Fousteri
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, BSRC 'Alexander Fleming', 34 Fleming Street, Vari, 16672, Athens, Greece
| | - Marigoula Margarity
- Laboratory of Human and Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, 26500, Rio Achaias, Greece
| | - Panagiotis K Politis
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Efesiou Street, 115 27, Athens, Greece.
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17
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Ducoli L, Agrawal S, Sibler E, Kouno T, Tacconi C, Hon CC, Berger SD, Müllhaupt D, He Y, Kim J, D'Addio M, Dieterich LC, Carninci P, de Hoon MJL, Shin JW, Detmar M. LETR1 is a lymphatic endothelial-specific lncRNA governing cell proliferation and migration through KLF4 and SEMA3C. Nat Commun 2021; 12:925. [PMID: 33568674 PMCID: PMC7876020 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21217-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed the importance of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as tissue-specific regulators of gene expression. There is ample evidence that distinct types of vasculature undergo tight transcriptional control to preserve their structure, identity, and functions. We determine a comprehensive map of lineage-specific lncRNAs in human dermal lymphatic and blood vascular endothelial cells (LECs and BECs), combining RNA-Seq and CAGE-Seq. Subsequent antisense oligonucleotide-knockdown transcriptomic profiling of two LEC- and two BEC-specific lncRNAs identifies LETR1 as a critical gatekeeper of the global LEC transcriptome. Deep RNA-DNA, RNA-protein interaction studies, and phenotype rescue analyses reveal that LETR1 is a nuclear trans-acting lncRNA modulating, via key epigenetic factors, the expression of essential target genes, including KLF4 and SEMA3C, governing the growth and migratory ability of LECs. Together, our study provides several lines of evidence supporting the intriguing concept that every cell type expresses precise lncRNA signatures to control lineage-specific regulatory programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ducoli
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Molecular Life Sciences PhD Program, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Saumya Agrawal
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Eliane Sibler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Molecular Life Sciences PhD Program, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tsukasa Kouno
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Carlotta Tacconi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chung-Chao Hon
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Simone D Berger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Müllhaupt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yuliang He
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Molecular and Translational Biomedicine PhD Program, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jihye Kim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco D'Addio
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lothar C Dieterich
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Piero Carninci
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Michiel J L de Hoon
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Jay W Shin
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Michael Detmar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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18
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Mancardi D, Arrigo E, Cozzi M, Cecchi I, Radin M, Fenoglio R, Roccatello D, Sciascia S. Endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular risk in lupus nephritis: New roles for old players? Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13441. [PMID: 33128260 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, most of the clinical manifestation share a vascular component triggered by endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial cells (ECs) activation occurs both on the arterial and venous side, and the high vascular density of kidneys accounts for the detrimental outcomes of SLE through lupus nephritis (LN). Kidney damage, in turn, exerts a negative feedback on the cardiovascular (CV) system aggravating risk factors for CV diseases such as hypertension, stroke and coronary syndrome among others. Despite the intensive investigation on SLE and LN, the role of endothelial dysfunction, as well as the underlying mechanisms, remains to be fully understood, with no specifically targeted pharmacological treatment. It is not known, in fact, if the activation pathway(s) in venous ECs are similar to the one in arterial ECs and doubts persist on the shared manifestation of microcirculation compared to macrocirculation. In this work, we aim to review the recent literature about the role of endothelial activation and dysfunction in the development of CV complications in SLE and LN patients. We, therefore, focus on arteriovenous similarities and differences and on specific pathways of great vessels compared to capillaries. Critically summarising the available data is of pivotal importance for both basic researchers and clinicians in order to develop and test new pharmacological approaches in the treatment of basic components of SLE and LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Mancardi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Elisa Arrigo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Martina Cozzi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases-Nephrology and Dialysis S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,School of Specialization in Nephrology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Irene Cecchi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases-Nephrology and Dialysis S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Radin
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases-Nephrology and Dialysis S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Fenoglio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases-Nephrology and Dialysis S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Dario Roccatello
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases-Nephrology and Dialysis S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Savino Sciascia
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases-Nephrology and Dialysis S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Norden PR, Kume T. Molecular Mechanisms Controlling Lymphatic Endothelial Junction Integrity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:627647. [PMID: 33521001 PMCID: PMC7841202 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.627647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic system is essential for lipid absorption/transport from the digestive system, maintenance of tissue fluid and protein homeostasis, and immune surveillance. Despite recent progress toward understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of the lymphatic vascular system, the nature of lymphatic vessel abnormalities and disease in humans is complex and poorly understood. The mature lymphatic vasculature forms a hierarchical network in which lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) are joined by functionally specialized cell-cell junctions to maintain the integrity of lymphatic vessels. Blind-ended and highly permeable lymphatic capillaries drain interstitial fluid via discontinuous, button-like LEC junctions, whereas collecting lymphatic vessels, surrounded by intact basement membranes and lymphatic smooth muscle cells, have continuous, zipper-like LEC junctions to transport lymph to the blood circulatory system without leakage. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms by which lymphatic button- and zipper-like junctions play critical roles in lymphatic permeability and function in a tissue- and organ-specific manner, including lacteals of the small intestine. We also provide current knowledge related to key pathways and factors such as VEGF and RhoA/ROCK signaling that control lymphatic endothelial cell junctional integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter R Norden
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Tsutomu Kume
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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20
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The Impact of Transcription Factor Prospero Homeobox 1 on the Regulation of Thyroid Cancer Malignancy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093220. [PMID: 32370142 PMCID: PMC7247360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor Prospero homeobox 1 (PROX1) is continuously expressed in the lymphatic endothelial cells, playing an essential role in their differentiation. Many reports have shown that PROX1 is implicated in cancer development and acts as an oncoprotein or suppressor in a tissue-dependent manner. Additionally, the PROX1 expression in many types of tumors has prognostic significance and is associated with patient outcomes. In our previous experimental studies, we showed that PROX1 is present in the thyroid cancer (THC) cells of different origins and has a high impact on follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) phenotypes, regulating migration, invasion, focal adhesion, cytoskeleton reorganization, and angiogenesis. Herein, we discuss the PROX1 transcript and protein structures, the expression pattern of PROX1 in THC specimens, and its epigenetic regulation. Next, we emphasize the biological processes and genes regulated by PROX1 in CGTH-W-1 cells, derived from squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland. Finally, we discuss the interaction of PROX1 with other lymphatic factors. In our review, we aimed to highlight the importance of vascular molecules in cancer development and provide an update on the functionality of PROX1 in THC biology regulation.
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21
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de Haan W, Øie C, Benkheil M, Dheedene W, Vinckier S, Coppiello G, Aranguren XL, Beerens M, Jaekers J, Topal B, Verfaillie C, Smedsrød B, Luttun A. Unraveling the transcriptional determinants of liver sinusoidal endothelial cell specialization. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 318:G803-G815. [PMID: 32116021 PMCID: PMC7191457 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00215.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are the first liver cells to encounter waste macromolecules, pathogens, and toxins in blood. LSECs are highly specialized to mediate the clearance of these substances via endocytic scavenger receptors and are equipped with fenestrae that mediate the passage of macromolecules toward hepatocytes. Although some transcription factors (TFs) are known to play a role in LSEC specialization, information about the specialized LSEC signature and its transcriptional determinants remains incomplete.Based on a comparison of liver, heart, and brain endothelial cells (ECs), we established a 30-gene LSEC signature comprising both established and newly identified markers, including 7 genes encoding TFs. To evaluate the LSEC TF regulatory network, we artificially increased the expression of the 7 LSEC-specific TFs in human umbilical vein ECs. Although Zinc finger E-box-binding protein 2, homeobox B5, Cut-like homolog 2, and transcription factor EC (TCFEC) had limited contributions, musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma (C-MAF), GATA binding protein 4 (GATA4), and MEIS homeobox 2 (MEIS2) emerged as stronger inducers of LSEC marker expression. Furthermore, a combination of C-MAF, GATA4, and MEIS2 showed a synergistic effect on the increase of LSEC signature genes, including liver/lymph node-specific ICAM-3 grabbing non-integrin (L-SIGN) (or C-type lectin domain family member M (CLEC4M)), mannose receptor C-Type 1 (MRC1), legumain (LGMN), G protein-coupled receptor 182 (GPR182), Plexin C1 (PLXNC1), and solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A1 (SLCO2A1). Accordingly, L-SIGN, MRC1, pro-LGMN, GPR182, PLXNC1, and SLCO2A1 protein levels were elevated by this combined overexpression. Although receptor-mediated endocytosis was not significantly induced by the triple TF combination, it enhanced binding to E2, the hepatitis C virus host-binding protein. We conclude that C-MAF, GATA4, and MEIS2 are important transcriptional regulators of the unique LSEC fingerprint and LSEC interaction with viruses. Additional factors are however required to fully recapitulate the molecular, morphological, and functional LSEC fingerprint.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are the first liver cells to encounter waste macromolecules, pathogens, and toxins in the blood and are highly specialized. Although some transcription factors are known to play a role in LSEC specialization, information about the specialized LSEC signature and its transcriptional determinants remains incomplete. Here, we show that Musculoaponeurotic Fibrosarcoma (C-MAF), GATA binding protein 4 (GATA4), and Meis homeobox 2 (MEIS2) are important transcriptional regulators of the unique LSEC signature and that they affect the interaction of LSECs with viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willeke de Haan
- 1Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cristina Øie
- 2Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Wouter Dheedene
- 1Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Vinckier
- 4Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,5Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giulia Coppiello
- 1Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xabier López Aranguren
- 1Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Manu Beerens
- 1Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joris Jaekers
- 6Abdominal Surgery, Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, Leuven, Belgiuincreased the expression of the 7 LSEC-specificm
| | - Baki Topal
- 6Abdominal Surgery, Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven, Leuven, Belgiuincreased the expression of the 7 LSEC-specificm
| | - Catherine Verfaillie
- 7Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bård Smedsrød
- 2Vascular Biology Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Aernout Luttun
- 1Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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22
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Minami T, Muramatsu M, Kume T. Organ/Tissue-Specific Vascular Endothelial Cell Heterogeneity in Health and Disease. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 42:1609-1619. [PMID: 31582649 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The vascular system forms the largest surface in our body, serving as a critical interface between blood circulation and our diverse organ/tissue environments. Thus, the vascular system performs a gatekeeper function for organ/tissue homeostasis and the body's adjustment to pathological challenges. The endothelium, as the most inner layer of the vasculature, regulates the tissue microenvironment, which is critical for development, hemostatic balance, inflammation, and angiogenesis, with a role as well in tumor malignancy and metastasis. These multitudinous functions are primarily mediated by organ/tissue-specifically differentiated endothelial cells, in which heterogeneity has long been recognized at the molecular and histological level. Based on these general principles of vascular-bed heterogeneity and characterization, this review largely covers landmark discoveries regarding organ/tissue microenvironment-governed endothelial cell phenotypic changes. These involve the physical features of continuous, discontinuous, fenestrated, and sinusoidal endothelial cells, in addition to the more specialized endothelial cell layers of the lymphatic system, glomerulus, tumors, and the blood brain barrier (BBB). Major signal pathways of endothelial specification are outlined, including Notch as a key factor of tip/stalk- and arterial-endothelial cell differentiation. We also denote the shear stress sensing machinery used to convey blood flow-mediated biophysical forces that are indispensable to maintaining inert and mature endothelial phenotypes. Since our circulatory system is among the most fundamental and emergent targets of study in pharmacology from the viewpoint of drug metabolism and delivery, a better molecular understanding of organ vasculature-bed heterogeneity may lead to better strategies for novel vascular-targeted treatments to fight against hitherto intractable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Minami
- Div. of Molecular and Vascular Biology, IRDA, Kumamoto University
| | | | - Tsutomu Kume
- Div. of Molecular and Vascular Biology, IRDA, Kumamoto University.,Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University School of Medicine
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23
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Polvani S, Pepe S, Milani S, Galli A. COUP-TFII in Health and Disease. Cells 2019; 9:E101. [PMID: 31906104 PMCID: PMC7016888 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptors (NRs) belong to a vast family of evolutionary conserved proteins acting as ligand-activated transcription factors. Functionally, NRs are essential in embryogenesis and organogenesis and in adulthood they are involved in almost every physiological and pathological process. Our knowledge of NRs action has greatly improved in recent years, demonstrating that both their expression and activity are tightly regulated by a network of signaling pathways, miRNA and reciprocal interactions. The Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter Transcription Factor II (COUP-TFII, NR2F2) is a NR classified as an orphan due to the lack of a known natural ligand. Although its expression peaks during development, and then decreases considerably, in adult tissues, COUP-TFII is an important regulator of differentiation and it is variably implicated in tissues homeostasis. As such, alterations of its expression or its transcriptional activity have been studied and linked to a spectrum of diseases in organs and tissues of different origins. Indeed, an altered COUP-TFII expression and activity may cause infertility, abnormality in the vascular system and metabolic diseases like diabetes. Moreover, COUP-TFII is actively investigated in cancer research but its role in tumor progression is yet to be fully understood. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of COUP-TFII in healthy and pathological conditions, proposing an updated and critical view of the many functions of this NR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Polvani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Florence, viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy; (S.P.); (S.M.)
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, largo Brambilla 50, 50139 Firenze, Italy
| | - Sara Pepe
- Istituto per la Ricerca, la Prevenzione e la rete Oncologica (ISPRO), viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy;
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, via M. Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Stefano Milani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Florence, viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy; (S.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Andrea Galli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Florence, viale Pieraccini 6, 50139 Firenze, Italy; (S.P.); (S.M.)
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24
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Bandara N, Gurusinghe S, Kong A, Mitchell G, Wang LX, Lim SY, Strappe P. Generation of a nitric oxide signaling pathway in mesenchymal stem cells promotes endothelial lineage commitment. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:20392-20407. [PMID: 30997675 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Enhancing differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to endothelial cells may improve their ability to vascularize tissue and promote wound healing. This study describes a novel role for nitric oxide (NO) in reprogramming MSCs towards an endothelial lineage and highlights the role of Wnt signaling and epigenetic modification by NO. Rat MSCs were transduced with lentiviral vectors expressing endothelial nitric oxide synthase (pLV-eNOS) and a mutated caveolin gene (pLV-CAV-1F92A ) to enhance NO generation resulting in increased in vitro capillary tubule formation and endothelial marker gene expression. An exogenous source of NO could also stimulate CD31 expression in MSCs. NO was associated with an arterial-specific endothelial gene expression profile of Notch1, Dll4, and Hey2 and significantly reduced expression of venous markers. Wnt signaling associated with NO was evident through increased gene expression of Wnt3a and β-catenin protein, and expression of the endothelial marker Pecam-1 could be significantly reduced by treatment with the Wnt signaling inhibitor Dkk-1. The role of NO as an epigenetic modifier was evident with reduced gene expression of the methyltransferase, DNMT1, and bisulfite sequencing of the endothelial Flt1 promoter region in NO-producing MSCs showed significant demethylation compared to control cells. Finally, subcutaneous implantation of NO-producing MSCs seeded in a biomaterial scaffold (NovoSorb®) resulted in survival of transplanted cells and the formation of blood vessels. In summary, this study describes, NO as a potent endothelial programming factor which acts as an epigenetic modifier in MSCs and may provide a novel platform for vascular regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeeka Bandara
- O'Brien Institute Department, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Saliya Gurusinghe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anne Kong
- O'Brien Institute Department, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geraldine Mitchell
- O'Brien Institute Department, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Le-Xin Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shiang Y Lim
- O'Brien Institute Department, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Padraig Strappe
- School of Health, Medicine and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
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25
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Wiseman E, Zamuner A, Tang Z, Rogers J, Munir S, Di Silvio L, Danovi D, Veschini L. Integrated Multiparametric High-Content Profiling of Endothelial Cells. SLAS DISCOVERY 2019; 24:264-273. [PMID: 30682324 PMCID: PMC6484530 DOI: 10.1177/2472555218820848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are widely heterogeneous at the cell level and serve different functions at the vessel and tissue levels. EC-forming colonies derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-ECFCs) alongside models such as primary human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) are slowly becoming available for research with future applications in cell therapies, disease modeling, and drug discovery. We and others previously described high-content analysis approaches capturing unbiased morphology-based measurements coupled with immunofluorescence and used these for multidimensional reduction and population analysis. Here, we report a tailored workflow to characterize ECs. We acquire images at high resolution with high-magnification water-immersion objectives with Hoechst, vascular endothelial cadherin (VEC), and activated NOTCH staining. We hypothesize that via these key markers alone we would be able to distinguish and assess different EC populations. We used cell population software analysis to phenotype HUVECs and iPSC-ECFCs in the absence or presence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). To our knowledge, this study presents the first parallel quantitative high-content multiparametric profiling of EC models. Importantly, it highlights a simple strategy to benchmark ECs in different conditions and develop new approaches for biological research and translational applications for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Wiseman
- 1 Stem Cell Hotel-Cell Phenotyping Platform, Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.,2 Viadynamics, London, UK
| | - Annj Zamuner
- 3 Tissue Engineering & Biophotonics, Dental Institute, King's College London, London, UK.,4 Department of Industrial Engineering, Via Marzolo, Padua, Italy
| | - Zuming Tang
- 1 Stem Cell Hotel-Cell Phenotyping Platform, Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.,5 PerkinElmer (UK), Beaconsfield, UK
| | - James Rogers
- 3 Tissue Engineering & Biophotonics, Dental Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sabrina Munir
- 1 Stem Cell Hotel-Cell Phenotyping Platform, Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lucy Di Silvio
- 3 Tissue Engineering & Biophotonics, Dental Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Davide Danovi
- 1 Stem Cell Hotel-Cell Phenotyping Platform, Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lorenzo Veschini
- 3 Tissue Engineering & Biophotonics, Dental Institute, King's College London, London, UK
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26
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Wolf K, Hu H, Isaji T, Dardik A. Molecular identity of arteries, veins, and lymphatics. J Vasc Surg 2019; 69:253-262. [PMID: 30154011 PMCID: PMC6309638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2018.06.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels are distinguished by structural differences that correspond to their different functions. Each of these vessels is also defined by specific molecular markers that persist throughout adult life; these markers are some of the molecular determinants that control the differentiation of embryonic undifferentiated cells into arteries, veins, or lymphatics. METHODS This is a review of experimental literature. RESULTS The Eph-B4 receptor and its ligand, ephrin-B2, are critical molecular determinants of vessel identity, arising on endothelial cells early in embryonic development. Eph-B4 and ephrin-B2 continue to be expressed on adult vessels and mark vessel identity. However, after vascular surgery, vessel identity can change and is marked by altered Eph-B4 and ephrin-B2 expression. Vein grafts show loss of venous identity, with less Eph-B4 expression. Arteriovenous fistulas show gain of dual arterial-venous identity, with both Eph-B4 and ephrin-B2 expression, and manipulation of Eph-B4 improves arteriovenous fistula patency. Patches used to close arteries and veins exhibit context-dependent gain of identity, that is, patches in the arterial environment gain arterial identity, whereas patches in the venous environment gain venous identity; these results show the importance of the host infiltrating cells in determining vascular identity after vascular surgery. CONCLUSIONS Changes in the vessel's molecular identity after vascular surgery correspond to structural changes that depend on the host's postsurgical environment. Regulation of vascular identity and the underlying molecular mechanisms may allow new therapeutic approaches to improve vascular surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Wolf
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Haidi Hu
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Toshihiko Isaji
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Alan Dardik
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Conn.
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27
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Bousseau S, Vergori L, Soleti R, Lenaers G, Martinez MC, Andriantsitohaina R. Glycosylation as new pharmacological strategies for diseases associated with excessive angiogenesis. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 191:92-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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Zecchin A, Wong BW, Tembuyser B, Souffreau J, Van Nuffelen A, Wyns S, Vinckier S, Carmeliet P, Dewerchin M. Live imaging reveals a conserved role of fatty acid β-oxidation in early lymphatic development in zebrafish. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:26-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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29
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Thomas JM, Surendran S, Abraham M, Sasankan D, Bhaadri S, Rajavelu A, Kartha CC. Gene expression analysis of nidus of cerebral arteriovenous malformations reveals vascular structures with deficient differentiation and maturation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198617. [PMID: 29897969 PMCID: PMC5999265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are characterised by tangles of dysplastic blood vessels which shunt blood from arteries to veins with no intervening capillary bed. It is not known at what stage of development and differentiation, AVM vessels became aberrant. To address this, we have analysed the expression of vascular differentiation, vascular maturation and brain capillary specific genes in AVM nidus. Methodology We performed immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis of vascular differentiation (HEY2, DLL4, EFNB2, and COUP-TFII), vascular maturation (ENG and KLF2) and brain capillary specific genes (GGTP and GLUT1) on ten surgically excised human brain AVMs and ten normal human brain tissues. Results Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that AVM vessels co-express both artery and vein differentiation genes. H-score analysis revealed that there is statistically significant (P < 0.0001) increase in expression of these proteins in AVM vessels compared to control vessels. These findings were further confirmed by western blot analysis and found to be statistically significant (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.001) for all proteins except Hey2. Both immunostaining and western blot analysis revealed that AVM vessels express GGTP and GLUT1, markers specific to brain capillaries. Immunofluorescent staining demonstrated that expression of KLF2, a vascular maturation marker is significantly (P <0.001) decreased in AVM vessels and was further confirmed by western blot analysis (P < 0.001). Immunohistochemical and western blot analysis demonstrated that another vascular maturation protein Endoglin had high expression in AVM vessels compared to control vessels. The results were found to be statistically significant (P < 0.0001). Summary Our findings suggest that vascular structures of AVMs co-express markers specific for arteries, veins and capillaries. We conclude that AVM nidus constitutes of aberrant vessels which are not terminally differentiated and inadequately matured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Mary Thomas
- Cardio Vascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojapura, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sumi Surendran
- Cardio Vascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojapura, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Mathew Abraham
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Dhakshmi Sasankan
- Cardio Vascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojapura, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sridutt Bhaadri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Arumugam Rajavelu
- Cardio Vascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojapura, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Tropical Disease Biology Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojapura, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- * E-mail: (AR); (CCK)
| | - Chandrasekharan C. Kartha
- Cardio Vascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojapura, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- * E-mail: (AR); (CCK)
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30
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Wong BW, Zecchin A, García-Caballero M, Carmeliet P. Emerging Concepts in Organ-Specific Lymphatic Vessels and Metabolic Regulation of Lymphatic Development. Dev Cell 2018; 45:289-301. [PMID: 29738709 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The lymphatic system has been less well characterized than the blood vascular system; however, work in recent years has uncovered novel regulators and non-venous lineages that contribute to lymphatic formation in various organs. Further, the identification of organ-specific lymphatic beds underscores their potential interaction with organ development and function, and highlights the possibility of targeting these organ-specific lymphatics beds in disease. This review focuses on newly described metabolic and epigenetic regulators of lymphangiogenesis and the interplay between lymphatic development and function in a number of major organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian W Wong
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 - B912, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Annalisa Zecchin
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 - B912, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Melissa García-Caballero
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 - B912, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 - B912, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
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Multipotent Adult Progenitor Cells Support Lymphatic Regeneration at Multiple Anatomical Levels during Wound Healing and Lymphedema. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3852. [PMID: 29497054 PMCID: PMC5832783 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21610-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic capillary growth is an integral part of wound healing, yet, the combined effectiveness of stem/progenitor cells on lymphatic and blood vascular regeneration in wounds needs further exploration. Stem/progenitor cell transplantation also emerged as an approach to cure lymphedema, a condition caused by lymphatic system deficiency. While lymphedema treatment requires lymphatic system restoration from the capillary to the collector level, it remains undetermined whether stem/progenitor cells support a complex regenerative response across the entire anatomical spectrum of the system. Here, we demonstrate that, although multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs) showed potential to differentiate down the lymphatic endothelial lineage, they mainly trophically supported lymphatic endothelial cell behaviour in vitro. In vivo, MAPC transplantation supported blood vessel and lymphatic capillary growth in wounds and restored lymph drainage across skin flaps by stimulating capillary and pre-collector vessel regeneration. Finally, human MAPCs mediated survival and functional reconnection of transplanted lymph nodes to the host lymphatic network by improving their (lymph)vascular supply and restoring collector vessels. Thus, MAPC transplantation represents a promising remedy for lymphatic system restoration at different anatomical levels and hence an appealing treatment for lymphedema. Furthermore, its combined efficacy on lymphatic and blood vascular growth is an important asset for wound healing.
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Goumans MJ, Zwijsen A, Ten Dijke P, Bailly S. Bone Morphogenetic Proteins in Vascular Homeostasis and Disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:cshperspect.a031989. [PMID: 28348038 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a031989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that control of vascular morphogenesis and homeostasis is regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Delta-like 4 (Dll4), angiopoietin, and ephrin signaling. It has become clear that signaling by bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), which have a long history of studies in bone and early heart development, are also essential for regulating vascular function. Indeed, mutations that cause deregulated BMP signaling are linked to two human vascular diseases, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and pulmonary arterial hypertension. These observations are corroborated by data obtained with vascular cells in cell culture and in mouse models. BMPs are required for normal endothelial cell differentiation and for venous/arterial and lymphatic specification. In adult life, BMP signaling orchestrates neo-angiogenesis as well as vascular inflammation, remodeling, and calcification responses to shear and oxidative stress. This review emphasizes the pivotal role of BMPs in the vascular system, based on studies of mouse models and human vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-José Goumans
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - An Zwijsen
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven Department of Human Genetics, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.,Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Bailly
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Mécale (INSERM), U1036, 38000 Grenoble, France.,Laboratoire Biologie du Cancer et de l'Infection, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, 38000 Grenoble, France.,University of Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
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33
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Roman BL, Hinck AP. ALK1 signaling in development and disease: new paradigms. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:4539-4560. [PMID: 28871312 PMCID: PMC5687069 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2636-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Activin A receptor like type 1 (ALK1) is a transmembrane serine/threonine receptor kinase in the transforming growth factor-beta receptor family that is expressed on endothelial cells. Defects in ALK1 signaling cause the autosomal dominant vascular disorder, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), which is characterized by development of direct connections between arteries and veins, or arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Although previous studies have implicated ALK1 in various aspects of sprouting angiogenesis, including tip/stalk cell selection, migration, and proliferation, recent work suggests an intriguing role for ALK1 in transducing a flow-based signal that governs directed endothelial cell migration within patent, perfused vessels. In this review, we present an updated view of the mechanism of ALK1 signaling, put forth a unified hypothesis to explain the cellular missteps that lead to AVMs associated with ALK1 deficiency, and discuss emerging roles for ALK1 signaling in diseases beyond HHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth L Roman
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, 130 DeSoto St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Andrew P Hinck
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Vascular heterogeneity and specialization in development and disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2017; 18:477-494. [PMID: 28537573 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2017.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Blood and lymphatic vessels pervade almost all body tissues and have numerous essential roles in physiology and disease. The inner lining of these networks is formed by a single layer of endothelial cells, which is specialized according to the needs of the tissue that it supplies. Whereas the general mechanisms of blood and lymphatic vessel development are being defined with increasing molecular precision, studies of the processes of endothelial specialization remain mostly descriptive. Recent insights from genetic animal models illuminate how endothelial cells interact with each other and with their tissue environment, providing paradigms for vessel type- and organ-specific endothelial differentiation. Delineating these governing principles will be crucial for understanding how tissues develop and maintain, and how their function becomes abnormal in disease.
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Vuorio T, Tirronen A, Ylä-Herttuala S. Cardiac Lymphatics - A New Avenue for Therapeutics? Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017; 28:285-296. [PMID: 28087126 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in lymphatic vessel biology and in novel imaging techniques has established the importance of the lymphatic vasculature as part of the cardiovascular system. The lymphatic vessel network regulates many physiological processes important for heart function such as fluid balance, transport of extravasated proteins, and trafficking of immune cells. Therefore, lymphangiogenic therapy could be beneficial in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, for example by improving reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) from atherosclerotic lesions or by resolving edema and fibrosis after myocardial infarction. In this review we first describe recent findings on the development and function of cardiac lymphatic vessels, and subsequently focus on the prospects of pro- and anti-lymphangiogenic therapies in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taina Vuorio
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Annakaisa Tirronen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; Heart Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, PO Box 1777, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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36
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The role of fatty acid β-oxidation in lymphangiogenesis. Nature 2016; 542:49-54. [PMID: 28024299 DOI: 10.1038/nature21028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels are lined by lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), and are critical for health. However, the role of metabolism in lymphatic development has not yet been elucidated. Here we report that in transgenic mouse models, LEC-specific loss of CPT1A, a rate-controlling enzyme in fatty acid β-oxidation, impairs lymphatic development. LECs use fatty acid β-oxidation to proliferate and for epigenetic regulation of lymphatic marker expression during LEC differentiation. Mechanistically, the transcription factor PROX1 upregulates CPT1A expression, which increases acetyl coenzyme A production dependent on fatty acid β-oxidation. Acetyl coenzyme A is used by the histone acetyltransferase p300 to acetylate histones at lymphangiogenic genes. PROX1-p300 interaction facilitates preferential histone acetylation at PROX1-target genes. Through this metabolism-dependent mechanism, PROX1 mediates epigenetic changes that promote lymphangiogenesis. Notably, blockade of CPT1 enzymes inhibits injury-induced lymphangiogenesis, and replenishing acetyl coenzyme A by supplementing acetate rescues this process in vivo.
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Ernens I, Lumley AI, Zhang L, Devaux Y, Wagner DR. Hypoxia inhibits lymphatic thoracic duct formation in zebrafish. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 482:1129-1134. [PMID: 27916465 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia promotes blood vessel growth through up-regulation of pro-angiogenic pathways but its role on the lymphatic system remains unclear. The homeobox transcription factor Prox1 is a master control gene for generating lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and is up-regulated by hypoxia-inducible factors in mammals. While vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) is critical for angiogenesis, VEGFC and its receptor VEGF receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) are essential for the initial sprouting and directed migration as well as for the subsequent survival of LECs. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of hypoxia on the development of the lymphatic system in zebrafish. Zebrafish embryos were obtained from Tg(SAGFF27C; UAS:GFP) animals carrying a lymphatic reporter gene coupled to green fluorescent protein (GFP). Exposure of 1-day old zebrafish embryos to hypoxic conditions (5% O2) for 24 h inhibited thoracic duct formation (-27%, p < 0.0001). Hypoxia inhibited the expression of pro-lymphangiogenic factors prox1a, vegfc and vegfr-3. This inhibition was relieved after re-oxygenation. On the other hand, hypoxia increased the expression of vegfa, a pro-angiogenic factor. In conclusion, hypoxia has opposite effects on vascular development in zebrafish, inhibiting the development of the lymphatic vascular system while promoting the development of the blood vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Ernens
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84, Val Fleuri, L-1526, Luxembourg.
| | - Andrew I Lumley
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84, Val Fleuri, L-1526, Luxembourg
| | - Lu Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84, Val Fleuri, L-1526, Luxembourg
| | - Yvan Devaux
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84, Val Fleuri, L-1526, Luxembourg
| | - Daniel R Wagner
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84, Val Fleuri, L-1526, Luxembourg; Division of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Luxembourg, 4, Rue Ernest Barblé, L-1210, Luxembourg
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Beets K, Staring MW, Criem N, Maas E, Schellinx N, de Sousa Lopes SMC, Umans L, Zwijsen A. BMP-SMAD signalling output is highly regionalized in cardiovascular and lymphatic endothelial networks. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2016; 16:34. [PMID: 27724845 PMCID: PMC5057272 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-016-0133-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling has emerged as a fundamental pathway in endothelial cell biology and deregulation of this pathway is implicated in several vascular disorders. BMP signalling output in endothelial cells is highly context- and dose-dependent. Phosphorylation of the BMP intracellular effectors, SMAD1/5/9, is routinely used to monitor BMP signalling activity. To better understand the in vivo context-dependency of BMP-SMAD signalling, we investigated differences in BMP-SMAD transcriptional activity in different vascular beds during mouse embryonic and postnatal stages. For this, we used the BRE::gfp BMP signalling reporter mouse in which the BMP response element (BRE) from the ID1-promotor, a SMAD1/5/9 target gene, drives the expression of GFP. RESULTS A mosaic pattern of GFP was present in various angiogenic sprouting plexuses and in endocardium of cardiac cushions and trabeculae in the heart. High calibre veins seemed to be more BRE::gfp transcriptionally active than arteries, and ubiquitous activity was present in embryonic lymphatic vasculature. Postnatal lymphatic vessels showed however only discrete micro-domains of transcriptional activity. Dynamic shifts in transcriptional activity were also observed in the endocardium of the developing heart, with a general decrease in activity over time. Surprisingly, proliferative endothelial cells were almost never GFP-positive. Patches of transcriptional activity seemed to correlate with vasculature undergoing hemodynamic alterations. CONCLUSION The BRE::gfp mouse allows to investigate selective context-dependent aspects of BMP-SMAD signalling. Our data reveals the highly dynamic nature of BMP-SMAD mediated transcriptional regulation in time and space throughout the vascular tree, supporting that BMP-SMAD signalling can be a source of phenotypic diversity in some, but not all, healthy endothelium. This knowledge can provide insight in vascular bed or organ-specific diseases and phenotypic heterogeneity within an endothelial cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Beets
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael W. Staring
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathan Criem
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elke Maas
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Niels Schellinx
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Lieve Umans
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - An Zwijsen
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Venero Galanternik M, Stratman AN, Jung HM, Butler MG, Weinstein BM. Building the drains: the lymphatic vasculature in health and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2016; 5:689-710. [PMID: 27576003 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature is comprised of a network of endothelial vessels found in close proximity to but separated from the blood vasculature. An essential tissue component of all vertebrates, lymphatics are responsible for the maintenance of fluid homeostasis, dissemination of immune cells, and lipid reabsorption under healthy conditions. When lymphatic vessels are impaired due to invasive surgery, genetic disorders, or parasitic infections, severe fluid build-up accumulates in the affected tissues causing a condition known as lymphedema. Malignant tumors can also directly activate lymphangiogenesis and use these vessels to promote the spread of metastatic cells. Although their first description goes back to the times of Hippocrates, with subsequent anatomical characterization at the beginning of the 20th-century, the lack of identifying molecular markers and tools to visualize these translucent vessels meant that investigation of lymphatic vessels fell well behind research of blood vessels. However, after years under the shadow of the blood vasculature, recent advances in imaging technologies and new genetic and molecular tools have accelerated the pace of research on lymphatic vessel development. These new tools have facilitated both work in classical mammalian models and the emergence of new powerful vertebrate models like zebrafish, quickly driving the field of lymphatic development back into the spotlight. In this review, we summarize the highlights of recent research on the development and function of the lymphatic vascular network in health and disease. WIREs Dev Biol 2016, 5:689-710. doi: 10.1002/wdev.246 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Venero Galanternik
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amber N Stratman
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hyun Min Jung
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew G Butler
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brant M Weinstein
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Wu SP, Yu CT, Tsai SY, Tsai MJ. Choose your destiny: Make a cell fate decision with COUP-TFII. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 157:7-12. [PMID: 26658017 PMCID: PMC4724268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell fate specification is a critical process to generate cells with a wide range of characteristics from stem and progenitor cells. Emerging evidence demonstrates that the orphan nuclear receptor COUP-TFII serves as a key regulator in determining the cell identity during embryonic development. The present review summarizes our current knowledge on molecular mechanisms by which COUP-TFII employs to define the cell fates, with special emphasis on cardiovascular and renal systems. These novel insights pave the road for future studies of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-Pin Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130, USA
| | - Cheng-Tai Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sophia Y Tsai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Ming-Jer Tsai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Long-term controlled GDNF over-expression reduces dopamine transporter activity without affecting tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the rat mesostriatal system. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 88:44-54. [PMID: 26777664 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT) is a plasma membrane glycoprotein expressed in dopaminergic (DA-) cells that takes back DA into presynaptic neurons after its release. DAT dysfunction has been involved in different neuro-psychiatric disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD). On the other hand, numerous studies support that the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has a protective effect on DA-cells. However, studies in rodents show that prolonged GDNF over-expression may cause a tyrosine hydroxylase (TH, the limiting enzyme in DA synthesis) decline. The evidence of TH down-regulation suggests that another player in DA handling, DAT, may also be regulated by prolonged GDNF over-expression, and the possibility that this effect is induced at GDNF expression levels lower than those inducing TH down-regulation. This issue was investigated here using intrastriatal injections of a tetracycline-inducible adeno-associated viral vector expressing human GDNF cDNA (AAV-tetON-GDNF) in rats, and doxycycline (DOX; 0.01, 0.03, 0.5 and 3mg/ml) in the drinking water during 5weeks. We found that 3mg/ml DOX promotes an increase in striatal GDNF expression of 12× basal GDNF levels and both DA uptake decrease and TH down-regulation in its native and Ser40 phosphorylated forms. However, 0.5mg/ml DOX promotes a GDNF expression increase of 3× basal GDNF levels with DA uptake decrease but not TH down-regulation. The use of western-blot under non-reducing conditions, co-immunoprecipitation and in situ proximity ligation assay revealed that the DA uptake decrease is associated with the formation of DAT dimers and an increase in DAT-α-synuclein interactions, without changes in total DAT levels or its compartmental distribution. In conclusion, at appropriate GDNF transduction levels, DA uptake is regulated through DAT protein-protein interactions without interfering with DA synthesis.
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Scroyen I, Bauters D, Vranckx C, Lijnen HR. The Anti-Adipogenic Potential of COUP-TFII Is Mediated by Downregulation of the Notch Target Gene Hey1. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145608. [PMID: 26719988 PMCID: PMC4697848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor II (COUP-TFII) belongs to the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily and may contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity. It has not conclusively been established, however, whether its role is pro- or anti-adipogenic. METHODS AND RESULTS Gene silencing of Coup-tfII in 3T3-F442A preadipocytes resulted in enhanced differentiation into mature adipocytes. This was associated with upregulation of the Notch signaling target gene Hey1. A functional role of Hey1 was confirmed by gene silencing in 3T3-F442A preadipocytes, resulting in impaired differentiation. In vivo, de novo fat pad formation in NUDE mice was significantly stimulated following injection of preadipocytes with Coup-tfII gene silencing, but impaired with Hey1 gene silencing. Moreover, expression of Coup-tfII was lower and that of Hey1 higher in isolated adipocytes of obese as compared to lean adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS These in vitro and in vivo data support an anti-adipogenic role of COUP-TFII via downregulating the Notch signaling target gene Hey1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Scroyen
- KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dries Bauters
- KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine Vranckx
- KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - H. Roger Lijnen
- KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Pemberton-Ross PJ, Pachkov M, van Nimwegen E. ARMADA: Using motif activity dynamics to infer gene regulatory networks from gene expression data. Methods 2015; 85:62-74. [PMID: 26164700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of gene expression data remains one of the most promising avenues toward reconstructing genome-wide gene regulatory networks. However, the large dimensionality of the problem prohibits the fitting of explicit dynamical models of gene regulatory networks, whereas machine learning methods for dimensionality reduction such as clustering or principal component analysis typically fail to provide mechanistic interpretations of the reduced descriptions. To address this, we recently developed a general methodology called motif activity response analysis (MARA) that, by modeling gene expression patterns in terms of the activities of concrete regulators, accomplishes dramatic dimensionality reduction while retaining mechanistic biological interpretations of its predictions (Balwierz, 2014). Here we extend MARA by presenting ARMADA, which models the activity dynamics of regulators across a time course, and infers the causal interactions between the regulators that drive the dynamics of their activities across time. We have implemented ARMADA as part of our ISMARA webserver, ismara.unibas.ch, allowing any researcher to automatically apply it to any gene expression time course. To illustrate the method, we apply ARMADA to a time course of human umbilical vein endothelial cells treated with TNF. Remarkably, ARMADA is able to reproduce the complex observed motif activity dynamics using a relatively small set of interactions between the key regulators in this system. In addition, we show that ARMADA successfully infers many of the key regulatory interactions known to drive this inflammatory response and discuss several novel interactions that ARMADA predicts. In combination with ISMARA, ARMADA provides a powerful approach to generating plausible hypotheses for the key interactions between regulators that control gene expression in any system for which time course measurements are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Pemberton-Ross
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Mikhail Pachkov
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Erik van Nimwegen
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland.
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Yokobori T, Bao P, Fukuchi M, Altan B, Ozawa D, Rokudai S, Bai T, Kumakura Y, Honjo H, Hara K, Sakai M, Sohda M, Miyazaki T, Ide M, Nishiyama M, Oyama T, Kuwano H. Nuclear PROX1 is Associated with Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α Expression and Cancer Progression in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2015; 22 Suppl 3:S1566-73. [PMID: 26310281 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-015-4831-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcription factor prospero homeobox 1 (PROX1) has been identified as a master regulator of lymphangiogenesis associated with metastasis. Although PROX1 expression has been investigated in several cancers, its clinical significance remains controversial and needs further validation. In this study, we investigated the clinical and functional significance of PROX1 and PROX1 regulator hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS A total of 117 samples from ESCC patients were analyzed for PROX1, HIF1α, and E-cadherin expression by immunohistochemistry; correlation with clinicopathological characteristics was determined. PROX1 function was evaluated in PROX1 small interfering RNA (siRNA)-transfected human ESCC cells in vitro by assessing cell proliferation and migration. RESULTS PROX1 expression was higher in ESCC than in normal tissues. Patients with higher PROX1 expression (n = 26) had increased nuclear accumulation of HIF1α (p = 0.004) and more advanced metastasis, both lymph node (N factor; p = 0.09) and hematogenous (M factor; p = 0.04), than those with lower PROX1 expression (n = 91). In addition, high PROX1 and HIF1α expression correlated with low levels of E-cadherin, an epithelial cell marker. Analysis of overall and cancer-specific survival indicated that elevated PROX1 expression was significantly correlated with poor prognosis (p = 0.0064). PROX1 downregulation in ESCC cells inhibited cellular proliferation and migration (p < 0.05). Hypoxia restored PROX1 levels that were reduced by PROX1-specific siRNA. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that high expression of PROX1 in ESCC could be used as an indicator of poor prognosis, and that PROX1 is a promising candidate molecular target for ESCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Yokobori
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan.
| | - Pinjie Bao
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Minoru Fukuchi
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan.
| | - Bolag Altan
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Daigo Ozawa
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Susumu Rokudai
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Tuya Bai
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yuji Kumakura
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Honjo
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Keigo Hara
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Makoto Sakai
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Makoto Sohda
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Miyazaki
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Munenori Ide
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nishiyama
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Tetsunari Oyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kuwano
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
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Schmouth JF, Arenillas D, Corso-Díaz X, Xie YY, Bohacec S, Banks KG, Bonaguro RJ, Wong SH, Jones SJM, Marra MA, Simpson EM, Wasserman WW. Combined serial analysis of gene expression and transcription factor binding site prediction identifies novel-candidate-target genes of Nr2e1 in neocortex development. BMC Genomics 2015. [PMID: 26204903 PMCID: PMC4512088 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1770-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nr2e1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group e, member 1) encodes a transcription factor important in neocortex development. Previous work has shown that nuclear receptors can have hundreds of target genes, and bind more than 300 co-interacting proteins. However, recognition of the critical role of Nr2e1 in neural stem cells and neocortex development is relatively recent, thus the molecular mechanisms involved for this nuclear receptor are only beginning to be understood. Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE), has given researchers both qualitative and quantitative information pertaining to biological processes. Thus, in this work, six LongSAGE mouse libraries were generated from laser microdissected tissue samples of dorsal VZ/SVZ (ventricular zone and subventricular zone) from the telencephalon of wild-type (Wt) and Nr2e1-null embryos at the critical development ages E13.5, E15.5, and E17.5. We then used a novel approach, implementing multiple computational methods followed by biological validation to further our understanding of Nr2e1 in neocortex development. Results In this work, we have generated a list of 1279 genes that are differentially expressed in response to altered Nr2e1 expression during in vivo neocortex development. We have refined this list to 64 candidate direct-targets of NR2E1. Our data suggested distinct roles for Nr2e1 during different neocortex developmental stages. Most importantly, our results suggest a possible novel pathway by which Nr2e1 regulates neurogenesis, which includes Lhx2 as one of the candidate direct-target genes, and SOX9 as a co-interactor. Conclusions In conclusion, we have provided new candidate interacting partners and numerous well-developed testable hypotheses for understanding the pathways by which Nr2e1 functions to regulate neocortex development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1770-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Schmouth
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics at the Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada. .,Genetics Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z2, Canada. .,Current address: Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada.
| | - David Arenillas
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics at the Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.
| | - Ximena Corso-Díaz
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics at the Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada. .,Genetics Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z2, Canada.
| | - Yuan-Yun Xie
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics at the Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.
| | - Slavita Bohacec
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics at the Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.
| | - Kathleen G Banks
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics at the Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.
| | - Russell J Bonaguro
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics at the Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.
| | - Siaw H Wong
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics at the Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada.
| | - Steven J M Jones
- Genetics Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z2, Canada. .,Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4S6, Canada. .,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada. .,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Marco A Marra
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4S6, Canada. .,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Elizabeth M Simpson
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics at the Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada. .,Genetics Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z2, Canada. .,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A1, Canada.
| | - Wyeth W Wasserman
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics at the Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4H4, Canada. .,Genetics Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z2, Canada. .,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Stergiopoulos A, Elkouris M, Politis PK. Prospero-related homeobox 1 (Prox1) at the crossroads of diverse pathways during adult neural fate specification. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 8:454. [PMID: 25674048 PMCID: PMC4306308 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, adult neurogenesis in the central nervous system (CNS) has emerged as a fundamental process underlying physiology and disease. Recent evidence indicates that the homeobox transcription factor Prox1 is a critical intrinsic regulator of neurogenesis in the embryonic CNS and adult dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, acting in multiple ways and instructed by extrinsic cues and intrinsic factors. In the embryonic CNS, Prox1 is mechanistically involved in the regulation of proliferation vs. differentiation decisions of neural stem cells (NSCs), promoting cell cycle exit and neuronal differentiation, while inhibiting astrogliogenesis. During the complex differentiation events in adult hippocampal neurogenesis, Prox1 is required for maintenance of intermediate progenitors (IPs), differentiation and maturation of glutamatergic interneurons, as well as specification of DG cell identity over CA3 pyramidal fate. The mechanism by which Prox1 exerts multiple functions involves distinct signaling pathways currently not fully highlighted. In this mini-review, we thoroughly discuss the Prox1-dependent phenotypes and molecular pathways in adult neurogenesis in relation to different upstream signaling cues and cell fate determinants. In addition, we discuss the possibility that Prox1 may act as a cross-talk point between diverse signaling cascades to achieve specific outcomes during adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Stergiopoulos
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Maximilianos Elkouris
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis K Politis
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens Athens, Greece
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47
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Coppiello G, Collantes M, Sirerol-Piquer MS, Vandenwijngaert S, Schoors S, Swinnen M, Vandersmissen I, Herijgers P, Topal B, van Loon J, Goffin J, Prósper F, Carmeliet P, García-Verdugo JM, Janssens S, Peñuelas I, Aranguren XL, Luttun A. Meox2/Tcf15 heterodimers program the heart capillary endothelium for cardiac fatty acid uptake. Circulation 2015; 131:815-26. [PMID: 25561514 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.013721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microvascular endothelium in different organs is specialized to fulfill the particular needs of parenchymal cells. However, specific information about heart capillary endothelial cells (ECs) is lacking. METHODS AND RESULTS Using microarray profiling on freshly isolated ECs from heart, brain, and liver, we revealed a genetic signature for microvascular heart ECs and identified Meox2/Tcf15 heterodimers as novel transcriptional determinants. This signature was largely shared with skeletal muscle and adipose tissue endothelium and was enriched in genes encoding fatty acid (FA) transport-related proteins. Using gain- and loss-of-function approaches, we showed that Meox2/Tcf15 mediate FA uptake in heart ECs, in part, by driving endothelial CD36 and lipoprotein lipase expression and facilitate FA transport across heart ECs. Combined Meox2 and Tcf15 haplodeficiency impaired FA uptake in heart ECs and reduced FA transfer to cardiomyocytes. In the long term, this combined haplodeficiency resulted in impaired cardiac contractility. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight a regulatory role for ECs in FA transfer to the heart parenchyma and unveil 2 of its intrinsic regulators. Our insights could be used to develop new strategies based on endothelial Meox2/Tcf15 targeting to modulate FA transfer to the heart and remedy cardiac dysfunction resulting from altered energy substrate usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Coppiello
- From Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (G.C., I.V., X.L.A., A.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiology Unit (S.V., M.S., S.J.), Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB/Department of Oncology (S.S., P.C.), and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Experimental Cardiac Surgery Unit (P.H.), KULeuven, Belgium; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra/MicroPET Research Unit CIMA-CUN (M.C., I.P.), and Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (F.P., X.L.A), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Spain (M.S.S.-P., J.M.G.-V.); and Departments of Abdominal Surgery (B.T.) and Neurosurgery (J.v.L., J.G.), University Hospitals Leuven/KULeuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Collantes
- From Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (G.C., I.V., X.L.A., A.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiology Unit (S.V., M.S., S.J.), Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB/Department of Oncology (S.S., P.C.), and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Experimental Cardiac Surgery Unit (P.H.), KULeuven, Belgium; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra/MicroPET Research Unit CIMA-CUN (M.C., I.P.), and Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (F.P., X.L.A), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Spain (M.S.S.-P., J.M.G.-V.); and Departments of Abdominal Surgery (B.T.) and Neurosurgery (J.v.L., J.G.), University Hospitals Leuven/KULeuven, Belgium
| | - María Salomé Sirerol-Piquer
- From Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (G.C., I.V., X.L.A., A.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiology Unit (S.V., M.S., S.J.), Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB/Department of Oncology (S.S., P.C.), and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Experimental Cardiac Surgery Unit (P.H.), KULeuven, Belgium; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra/MicroPET Research Unit CIMA-CUN (M.C., I.P.), and Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (F.P., X.L.A), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Spain (M.S.S.-P., J.M.G.-V.); and Departments of Abdominal Surgery (B.T.) and Neurosurgery (J.v.L., J.G.), University Hospitals Leuven/KULeuven, Belgium
| | - Sara Vandenwijngaert
- From Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (G.C., I.V., X.L.A., A.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiology Unit (S.V., M.S., S.J.), Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB/Department of Oncology (S.S., P.C.), and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Experimental Cardiac Surgery Unit (P.H.), KULeuven, Belgium; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra/MicroPET Research Unit CIMA-CUN (M.C., I.P.), and Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (F.P., X.L.A), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Spain (M.S.S.-P., J.M.G.-V.); and Departments of Abdominal Surgery (B.T.) and Neurosurgery (J.v.L., J.G.), University Hospitals Leuven/KULeuven, Belgium
| | - Sandra Schoors
- From Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (G.C., I.V., X.L.A., A.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiology Unit (S.V., M.S., S.J.), Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB/Department of Oncology (S.S., P.C.), and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Experimental Cardiac Surgery Unit (P.H.), KULeuven, Belgium; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra/MicroPET Research Unit CIMA-CUN (M.C., I.P.), and Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (F.P., X.L.A), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Spain (M.S.S.-P., J.M.G.-V.); and Departments of Abdominal Surgery (B.T.) and Neurosurgery (J.v.L., J.G.), University Hospitals Leuven/KULeuven, Belgium
| | - Melissa Swinnen
- From Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (G.C., I.V., X.L.A., A.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiology Unit (S.V., M.S., S.J.), Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB/Department of Oncology (S.S., P.C.), and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Experimental Cardiac Surgery Unit (P.H.), KULeuven, Belgium; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra/MicroPET Research Unit CIMA-CUN (M.C., I.P.), and Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (F.P., X.L.A), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Spain (M.S.S.-P., J.M.G.-V.); and Departments of Abdominal Surgery (B.T.) and Neurosurgery (J.v.L., J.G.), University Hospitals Leuven/KULeuven, Belgium
| | - Ine Vandersmissen
- From Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (G.C., I.V., X.L.A., A.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiology Unit (S.V., M.S., S.J.), Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB/Department of Oncology (S.S., P.C.), and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Experimental Cardiac Surgery Unit (P.H.), KULeuven, Belgium; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra/MicroPET Research Unit CIMA-CUN (M.C., I.P.), and Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (F.P., X.L.A), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Spain (M.S.S.-P., J.M.G.-V.); and Departments of Abdominal Surgery (B.T.) and Neurosurgery (J.v.L., J.G.), University Hospitals Leuven/KULeuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Herijgers
- From Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (G.C., I.V., X.L.A., A.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiology Unit (S.V., M.S., S.J.), Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB/Department of Oncology (S.S., P.C.), and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Experimental Cardiac Surgery Unit (P.H.), KULeuven, Belgium; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra/MicroPET Research Unit CIMA-CUN (M.C., I.P.), and Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (F.P., X.L.A), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Spain (M.S.S.-P., J.M.G.-V.); and Departments of Abdominal Surgery (B.T.) and Neurosurgery (J.v.L., J.G.), University Hospitals Leuven/KULeuven, Belgium
| | - Baki Topal
- From Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (G.C., I.V., X.L.A., A.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiology Unit (S.V., M.S., S.J.), Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB/Department of Oncology (S.S., P.C.), and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Experimental Cardiac Surgery Unit (P.H.), KULeuven, Belgium; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra/MicroPET Research Unit CIMA-CUN (M.C., I.P.), and Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (F.P., X.L.A), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Spain (M.S.S.-P., J.M.G.-V.); and Departments of Abdominal Surgery (B.T.) and Neurosurgery (J.v.L., J.G.), University Hospitals Leuven/KULeuven, Belgium
| | - Johannes van Loon
- From Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (G.C., I.V., X.L.A., A.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiology Unit (S.V., M.S., S.J.), Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB/Department of Oncology (S.S., P.C.), and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Experimental Cardiac Surgery Unit (P.H.), KULeuven, Belgium; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra/MicroPET Research Unit CIMA-CUN (M.C., I.P.), and Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (F.P., X.L.A), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Spain (M.S.S.-P., J.M.G.-V.); and Departments of Abdominal Surgery (B.T.) and Neurosurgery (J.v.L., J.G.), University Hospitals Leuven/KULeuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Goffin
- From Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (G.C., I.V., X.L.A., A.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiology Unit (S.V., M.S., S.J.), Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB/Department of Oncology (S.S., P.C.), and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Experimental Cardiac Surgery Unit (P.H.), KULeuven, Belgium; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra/MicroPET Research Unit CIMA-CUN (M.C., I.P.), and Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (F.P., X.L.A), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Spain (M.S.S.-P., J.M.G.-V.); and Departments of Abdominal Surgery (B.T.) and Neurosurgery (J.v.L., J.G.), University Hospitals Leuven/KULeuven, Belgium
| | - Felipe Prósper
- From Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (G.C., I.V., X.L.A., A.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiology Unit (S.V., M.S., S.J.), Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB/Department of Oncology (S.S., P.C.), and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Experimental Cardiac Surgery Unit (P.H.), KULeuven, Belgium; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra/MicroPET Research Unit CIMA-CUN (M.C., I.P.), and Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (F.P., X.L.A), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Spain (M.S.S.-P., J.M.G.-V.); and Departments of Abdominal Surgery (B.T.) and Neurosurgery (J.v.L., J.G.), University Hospitals Leuven/KULeuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- From Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (G.C., I.V., X.L.A., A.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiology Unit (S.V., M.S., S.J.), Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB/Department of Oncology (S.S., P.C.), and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Experimental Cardiac Surgery Unit (P.H.), KULeuven, Belgium; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra/MicroPET Research Unit CIMA-CUN (M.C., I.P.), and Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (F.P., X.L.A), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Spain (M.S.S.-P., J.M.G.-V.); and Departments of Abdominal Surgery (B.T.) and Neurosurgery (J.v.L., J.G.), University Hospitals Leuven/KULeuven, Belgium
| | - Jose Manuel García-Verdugo
- From Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (G.C., I.V., X.L.A., A.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiology Unit (S.V., M.S., S.J.), Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB/Department of Oncology (S.S., P.C.), and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Experimental Cardiac Surgery Unit (P.H.), KULeuven, Belgium; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra/MicroPET Research Unit CIMA-CUN (M.C., I.P.), and Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (F.P., X.L.A), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Spain (M.S.S.-P., J.M.G.-V.); and Departments of Abdominal Surgery (B.T.) and Neurosurgery (J.v.L., J.G.), University Hospitals Leuven/KULeuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Janssens
- From Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (G.C., I.V., X.L.A., A.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiology Unit (S.V., M.S., S.J.), Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB/Department of Oncology (S.S., P.C.), and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Experimental Cardiac Surgery Unit (P.H.), KULeuven, Belgium; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra/MicroPET Research Unit CIMA-CUN (M.C., I.P.), and Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (F.P., X.L.A), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Spain (M.S.S.-P., J.M.G.-V.); and Departments of Abdominal Surgery (B.T.) and Neurosurgery (J.v.L., J.G.), University Hospitals Leuven/KULeuven, Belgium
| | - Iván Peñuelas
- From Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (G.C., I.V., X.L.A., A.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiology Unit (S.V., M.S., S.J.), Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB/Department of Oncology (S.S., P.C.), and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Experimental Cardiac Surgery Unit (P.H.), KULeuven, Belgium; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra/MicroPET Research Unit CIMA-CUN (M.C., I.P.), and Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (F.P., X.L.A), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Spain (M.S.S.-P., J.M.G.-V.); and Departments of Abdominal Surgery (B.T.) and Neurosurgery (J.v.L., J.G.), University Hospitals Leuven/KULeuven, Belgium
| | - Xabier L Aranguren
- From Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (G.C., I.V., X.L.A., A.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiology Unit (S.V., M.S., S.J.), Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB/Department of Oncology (S.S., P.C.), and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Experimental Cardiac Surgery Unit (P.H.), KULeuven, Belgium; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra/MicroPET Research Unit CIMA-CUN (M.C., I.P.), and Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (F.P., X.L.A), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Spain (M.S.S.-P., J.M.G.-V.); and Departments of Abdominal Surgery (B.T.) and Neurosurgery (J.v.L., J.G.), University Hospitals Leuven/KULeuven, Belgium
| | - Aernout Luttun
- From Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (G.C., I.V., X.L.A., A.L.), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiology Unit (S.V., M.S., S.J.), Laboratory of Angiogenesis & Neurovascular link, Vesalius Research Center, VIB/Department of Oncology (S.S., P.C.), and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Experimental Cardiac Surgery Unit (P.H.), KULeuven, Belgium; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra/MicroPET Research Unit CIMA-CUN (M.C., I.P.), and Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (F.P., X.L.A), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Instituto Cavanilles, University of Valencia, CIBERNED, Spain (M.S.S.-P., J.M.G.-V.); and Departments of Abdominal Surgery (B.T.) and Neurosurgery (J.v.L., J.G.), University Hospitals Leuven/KULeuven, Belgium.
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48
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Castro-Hernández J, Afonso-Oramas D, Cruz-Muros I, Salas-Hernández J, Barroso-Chinea P, Moratalla R, Millan MJ, González-Hernández T. Prolonged treatment with pramipexole promotes physical interaction of striatal dopamine D3 autoreceptors with dopamine transporters to reduce dopamine uptake. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 74:325-35. [PMID: 25511804 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT), a membrane glycoprotein expressed in dopaminergic neurons, clears DA from extracellular space and is regulated by diverse presynaptic proteins like protein kinases, α-synuclein, D2 and D3 autoreceptors. DAT dysfunction is implicated in Parkinson's disease and depression, which are therapeutically treated by dopaminergic D2/D3 receptor (D2/D3R) agonists. It is, then, important to improve our understanding of interactions between D3R and DAT. We show that prolonged administration of pramipexole (0.1mg/kg/day, 6 to 21 days), a preferential D3R agonist, leads to a decrease in DA uptake in mouse striatum that reflects a reduction in DAT affinity for DA in the absence of any change in DAT density or subcellular distribution. The effect of pramipexole was absent in mice with genetically-deleted D3R (D3R(-/-)), yet unaffected in mice genetically deprived of D2R (D2R(-/-)). Pramipexole treatment induced a physical interaction between D3R and DAT, as assessed by co-immunoprecipitation and in situ proximity ligation assay. Furthermore, it promoted the formation of DAT dimers and DAT association with both D2R and α-synuclein, effects that were abolished in D3R(-/-) mice, yet unaffected in D2R(-/-) mice, indicating dependence upon D3R. Collectively, these data suggest that prolonged treatment with dopaminergic D3 agonists provokes a reduction in DA reuptake by dopaminergic neurons related to a hitherto-unsuspected modification of the DAT interactome. These observations provide novel insights into the long-term antiparkinson, antidepressant and additional clinical actions of pramipexole and other D3R agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Castro-Hernández
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB, CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Domingo Afonso-Oramas
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB, CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ignacio Cruz-Muros
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB, CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Josmar Salas-Hernández
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB, CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Pedro Barroso-Chinea
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB, CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Rosario Moratalla
- Departamento de Biología Funcional y de Sistemas, Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain; Centro de investigación Biomédica en Red sobre enfermedades neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Mark J Millan
- Pole of Innovation in Neuropsychopharmacology, Institut de Recherches Servier, 78290 Croissy sur Seine, France
| | - Tomás González-Hernández
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB, CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Centro de investigación Biomédica en Red sobre enfermedades neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
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49
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Srinivasan RS, Escobedo N, Yang Y, Interiano A, Dillard ME, Finkelstein D, Mukatira S, Gil HJ, Nurmi H, Alitalo K, Oliver G. The Prox1-Vegfr3 feedback loop maintains the identity and the number of lymphatic endothelial cell progenitors. Genes Dev 2014; 28:2175-87. [PMID: 25274728 PMCID: PMC4180978 DOI: 10.1101/gad.216226.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The lack of Prox1 activity results in the complete absence of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). Here, Srinivasan et al. identified Vegfr3, the cognate receptor of the lymphangiogenic growth factor Vegfc, as a dosage-dependent, direct in vivo target of Prox1. Vegfr3 regulates Prox1 by establishing a feedback loop necessary to maintain the identity of LEC progenitors, and Vegfc-mediated activation of Vegfr3 signaling is necessary to maintain Prox1 expression in LEC progenitors. The mammalian lymphatic vasculature is important for returning fluids from the extracellular tissue milieu back to the blood circulation. We showed previously that Prox1 dosage is important for the development of the mammalian lymphatic vasculature. The lack of Prox1 activity results in the complete absence of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). In Prox1 heterozygous embryos, the number of LECs is reduced because of a decrease in the progenitor pool in the cardinal vein. This reduction is caused by some progenitor cells being unable to maintain Prox1 expression. In this study, we identified Vegfr3, the cognate receptor of the lymphangiogenic growth factor Vegfc, as a dosage-dependent, direct in vivo target of Prox1. Using various mouse models, we also determined that Vegfr3 regulates Prox1 by establishing a feedback loop necessary to maintain the identity of LEC progenitors and that Vegfc-mediated activation of Vegfr3 signaling is necessary to maintain Prox1 expression in LEC progenitors. We propose that this feedback loop is the main sensing mechanism controlling the number of LEC progenitors and, as a consequence, the number of budding LECs that will form the embryonic lymphatic vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - David Finkelstein
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | - Suraj Mukatira
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | | | - Harri Nurmi
- Wihuri Research Institute, Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute, Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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50
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Shoemaker LD, Fuentes LF, Santiago SM, Allen BM, Cook DJ, Steinberg GK, Chang SD. Human brain arteriovenous malformations express lymphatic-associated genes. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2014; 1:982-95. [PMID: 25574473 PMCID: PMC4284124 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are devastating, hemorrhage-prone, cerebrovascular lesions characterized by well-defined feeding arteries, draining vein(s) and the absence of a capillary bed. The endothelial cells (ECs) that comprise AVMs exhibit a loss of arterial and venous specification. Given the role of the transcription factor COUP-TFII in vascular development, EC specification, and pathological angiogenesis, we examined human AVM tissue to determine if COUP-FTII may have a role in AVM disease biology. Methods We examined 40 human brain AVMs by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and qRT-PCR for the expression of COUP-TFII as well as other genes involved in venous and lymphatic development, maintenance, and signaling. We also examined proliferation and EC tube formation with human umbilical ECs (HUVEC) following COUP-TFII overexpression. Results We report that AVMs expressed COUP-TFII, SOX18, PROX1, NFATC1, FOXC2, TBX1, LYVE1, Podoplanin, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C, contained Ki67-positive cells and heterogeneously expressed genes involved in Hedgehog, Notch, Wnt, and VEGF signaling pathways. Overexpression of COUP-TFII alone in vitro resulted in increased EC proliferation and dilated tubes in an EC tube formation assay in HUVEC. Interpretation This suggests AVM ECs are further losing their arterial/venous specificity and acquiring a partial lymphatic molecular phenotype. There was significant correlation of gene expression with presence of clinical edema and acute hemorrhage. While the precise role of these genes in the formation, stabilization, growth and risk of hemorrhage of AVMs remains unclear, these findings have potentially important implications for patient management and treatment choice, and opens new avenues for future work on AVM disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorelei D Shoemaker
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford Neuromolecular Innovation Program, Stanford University 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, California, 94305
| | - Laurel F Fuentes
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford Neuromolecular Innovation Program, Stanford University 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, California, 94305
| | - Shauna M Santiago
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford Neuromolecular Innovation Program, Stanford University 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, California, 94305
| | - Breanna M Allen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford Neuromolecular Innovation Program, Stanford University 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, California, 94305
| | - Douglas J Cook
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies and the Department of Surgery, Queen's University Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gary K Steinberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford Neuromolecular Innovation Program, Stanford University 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, California, 94305
| | - Steven D Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford Neuromolecular Innovation Program, Stanford University 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, California, 94305
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